Person Page - 3069

     Catherine Petre married Sir John Talbot of Grafton, Worcestershire, son of Sir John Talbot of Grafton and Albrighton, Salop and Frances Giffard,
;
His 1st wife.^1,2 Catherine Petre was born in 1545.¹
     Reference: Genealogics cites: Burke's Genealogical and Heraldic History of the Peerage, Baronetage and Knightage, London, 1938. 2237.¹

     Gertrude Talbot married Robert Wintour, son of George Wintour and Jane Ingleby.¹

      ; The marriage of "Gertrude Talbot, daughter of the recusant John Talbot of Grafton" to Robert Wintour is from his Wikipedia page. However, the Wikipedia page of John Talbot of Grafton lists three children, but does now a mention a dau. named Gertrude. Similarly, the Genealogics page for Sir John Talbot, of Grafton mentions two sons, but does now a mention a dau. named Gertrude.
The Genealogics page for Robert Wintour does not mention any marriage.^1,2,3,4

     Dorothy Wintour married John Grant.²

      ; The Wikipedia on Dorothy's brother, Robert and Thomas, states "A sister, Dorothy, married another [Gun-Powder Plot] conspirator, John Grant.³

     John Grant married Dorothy Wintour, daughter of George Wintour and Jane Ingleby.¹
John Grant was born circa 1570.¹
John Grant died on 30 January 1606 at London, City of London, Greater London, England; Hanged, drawn and quartered for his role in the Gun-Powder Plot.^1,2
      ; The Wikipedia on Dorothy's brother, Robert and Thomas, states "A sister, Dorothy, married another [Gun-Powder Plot] conspirator, John Grant.³

;
Per Wikipedia:
     "John Grant (c. 1570 – 30 January 1606) was a member of the failed Gunpowder Plot, a conspiracy to replace the Protestant King James I of England with a Catholic monarch. Grant was born around 1570, and lived at Norbrook in Warwickshire. He married the sister of another plotter, Thomas Wintour. Grant was enlisted by Robert Catesby, a religious zealot who had grown so impatient with James's lack of toleration for Catholics that he planned to kill him, by blowing up the House of Lords with gunpowder. Grant's role in the conspiracy was to provide supplies for a planned Midlands uprising, during which James's daughter, Princess Elizabeth, would be captured. However, on the eve of the planned explosion, Guy Fawkes was discovered guarding the explosives the plotters had positioned in the undercroft beneath the House of Lords, and arrested.
     "As the government searched for Fawkes's accomplices, Grant and the others engaged in a futile mission for support for the uprising. They stole horses from Warwick Castle, and further supplies from Hewell Grange, before stopping at Holbeche House. The plotters laid in front of the fire some of the gunpowder they had collected, to dry out, but a stray spark ignited the powder, and in the resultant conflagration Grant was blinded. Government forces besieged the house, and he was captured and taken to London.
     "At his arraignment in January 1606 Grant pleaded not guilty to high treason, but he was nevertheless sentenced to be hanged, drawn and quartered, and was executed three days later, on 30 January.
Background
     "Born some time around 1570,[1] John Grant lived at Norbrook, near Snitterfield in Warwickshire. He was married to Thomas Wintour's sister, Dorothy, with a son, Wintour Grant.[2][3] He is described by author Antonia Fraser as a melancholy individual, but also an intellectual who studied Latin and other languages. He was a resolute character, as the poursuivants who searched his home for Catholic priests were no doubt aware; he was so unwelcoming to them that they eventually shied away from Norbrook.[4] Grant was also involved in the Essex Rebellion against Elizabeth I, as were several of the men with whom he became better acquainted through what became known as the Gunpowder Plot.[5]
Plot
     "English Catholics hoped that the years of persecution they had suffered during Elizabeth's reign would end when James I came to the throne, as his attitude appeared moderate, even tolerant towards Catholics. In Robert Catesby's view however, James had reneged on his promises, and he quickly lost patience with the new dynasty.[6][7] He therefore planned to kill James by blowing up the House of Lords with gunpowder, and inciting a popular revolt during which a Catholic monarch would be restored to the throne.
     "Catesby enlisted the help of six fellow Catholics,[nb 1] and by 25 March 1605 he had recruited three others: Robert Wintour, Christopher Wright, and Grant.[nb 2] Grant had received a letter from Catesby inviting him to a meeting that took place in Oxford at the Catherine Wheel inn, where he and Robert Wintour swore an oath after which they were told of the plan.[5][8] Grant's role in the uprising centred on his house at Norbrook, ideally located in the English Midlands close to Warwick and Stratford, and to Catesby's childhood home at Lapworth (then owned by John Wright).[4] In summer 1605 Grant likely stored weapons and ammunition at Norbrook,[9] but he was also to take charge of the provision of rare war horses from the nearby Warwick Castle.[10][11]
     "Concern over the plague had delayed Parliament's opening from February, to October 1605, and the government later claimed that by December 1604 the plotters were busily digging a tunnel beneath Parliament. No evidence exists to substantiate this claim, and no trace of a tunnel was ever found, but perhaps because of the change of dates Grant seems not to have been involved in the endeavour, which was stopped when the tenancy to the undercroft beneath the House of Lords became available.[12][13] By 20 July the explosives were in position, but the opening of Parliament was again prorogued, this time until 5 November 1605.[14] As Catesby added three more to the conspiracy, the last few details were worked out; Fawkes was to light the fuse that would set off the explosion, and then escape to the continent, while the others would incite the Midlands uprising, and capture James's daughter, Princess Elizabeth.[15] Thus, as the plot moved closer to fruition, on Monday 4 November Grant and a friend were to be found in Dunchurch at the Red Lion inn, with the newly recruited Everard Digby and his "hunting party".[nb 3] The group attended a Mass the next morning, before moving on.[16]
Failure
     "Tipped off by an anonymous letter to William Parker, 4th Baron Monteagle, late on Monday night the authorities had made a search of Parliament. There they had discovered Fawkes guarding the gunpowder the plotters had placed in the undercroft beneath the House of Lords.[15] Catesby and the others, en route to the Midlands, had been alerted to his arrest by those conspirators who had since fled London, and together had rode to Dunchurch to meet Digby and his party.[17]
     "By Wednesday 6 November the government was busy searching for Fawkes' accomplices, and towards the end of the day Grant's name appeared on the list of suspects drawn up by the Lord Chief Justice.[18] However, confirmation of his status as a fugitive would not arrive until the next day, when provoked by their raid for supplies on Warwick Castle, the government issued a public proclamation naming Percy, Catesby, Rookwood, Thomas Wintour and both Wright brothers as wanted men. On the same proclamation Grant was misidentified as Edward Grant, and Catesby's servant, Thomas Bates, was probably also misnamed as Robert Ashfield.[19] From Warwick they rode to Grant's home at Norbrook, collecting muskets, calivers and ammunition that he had stored there. Then they continued west through Snitterfield toward Alcester, before stopping at Huddington at about 2:00 pm that afternoon. Early the next morning they attended a Mass conducted by Father Nicholas Hart, who also heard their confessions—a sign that in Fraser's opinion demonstrates that none of them thought they had long to live.[20][21]
     "Riding through pouring rain, the fugitives helped themselves to arms, ammunition and money from the vacant home of Lord Windsor at Hewell Grange. Any hopes they harboured of a larger uprising were dashed by the locals, who on hearing that the party stood for "God and Country", replied that they were for "King James as well as God and Country". The group finally reached Holbeche House, on the border of Staffordshire, at about 10:00 pm. Tired and desperate they spread in front of the fire some of the now-soaked gunpowder taken from Hewell Grange, to dry out. An ember from the fire landed on the powder, and the resultant flames engulfed Catesby, Rookwood, Grant and another man.[22]
     "Grant was blinded by the conflagration, his eyes "burnt out". Some of the plotters disappeared into the night, but Grant stayed with Catesby, Thomas Wintour, Rookwood, the Wright brothers and Percy. With the arrival of the Sheriff of Worcester and his company early on 8 November, the house was besieged. Catesby and Percy were killed, as were both Wright brothers. Wintour and Rookwood were each wounded and were easily captured, as was Grant.[23]
Trial and execution
Grant and the survivors were taken first to Worcester in the custody of the Sheriff, and then to the Tower of London.[24] At their arraignment on 27 January 1606 all except Digby pleaded "Not Guilty", but the outcome was never in doubt; they were all found guilty of high treason, and sentenced to be hanged, drawn and quartered.[25]
     "The first executions were scheduled for Thursday 30 January 1606. Along with Digby and Robert Wintour (Bates was brought separately, from the Gatehouse Prison), Grant was strapped to a wattled hurdle and dragged through the streets of London to St Paul's churchyard, by St.Paul's Cathedral. Digby was the first to ascend the scaffold, and before he was executed gave a short speech. Wintour followed, saying little. Grant was next. At his trial, when asked why a death sentence should not be pronounced against him, he had replied that he was "guilty of a conspiracy intended, but never effected."[26] Similarly, when faced with the executioner's halter he refused to confess—the only one of the condemned to do so. He was led quietly up the ladder and crossed himself, before being hanged and then subjected to the latter part of his sentence. The other four plotters were executed the following day, in Old Palace Yard.[27]
References
Notes
1. Thomas Percy, Thomas Wintour, Guy Fawkes, John Wright, Robert Keyes and Thomas Bates.
2. 1 January was first used to mark the English new year in 1752. This article uses the modern calendar to avoid confusion.
3. In reality Digby's hunting party was a group of armed men on horseback. By all accounts they were unaware of Digby's true intentions until after Fawkes was discovered.
Footnotes
1. Fraser 2005, p. 57
2. Nicholls 1991, p. 13
3. Fraser 2005, p. 138
4. Fraser 2005, p. 137
5. Haynes 2005, p. 57
6. Fraser 2005, pp. 41–42
7. Haynes, Alan (5 November 2009), The Enduring Memory of the Gunpowder Plot, bbc.co.uk, retrieved 14 July 2010
8. Fraser 2005, p. 136
9. Fraser 2005, p. 170
10. Fraser 2005, p. 139
11. Haynes 2005, p. 75
12. Haynes 2005, pp. 55–59
13. Fraser 2005, pp. 133–134
14. Fraser 2005, pp. 146, 159
15. Fraser 2005, pp. 178–179
16. Fraser 2005, pp. 198–199
17. Fraser 2005, pp. 200, 202–205
18. Fraser 2005, p. 211
19. Fraser 2005, p. 218
20. Fraser 2005, p. 221
21. Haynes 2005, pp. 98–99
22. Fraser 2005, pp. 218–222
23. Fraser 2005, pp. 222–225
24. Fraser 2005, p. 235
25. Fraser 2005, pp. 263–269, 273
26. Spinks Jr 2005, p. 404
27. Fraser 2005, pp. 277–281
Bibliography
     ---Fraser, Antonia (2005) [1996], The Gunpowder Plot, London: Phoenix, ISBN 0-7538-1401-3
     ---Haynes, Alan (2005) [1994], The Gunpowder Plot: Faith in Rebellion, Sparkford, England: Hayes and Sutton, ISBN 0-7509-4215-0
     ---Nicholls, Mark (1991), Investigating Gunpowder plot, Manchester: Manchester University Press, ISBN 0-7190-3225-3
     ---Spinks Jr, Henry Hawkes (2005) [1902], The Gunpowder Plot and Lord Mounteagle's Letter, Whitefish, Montana: Kessinger Publishing, ISBN 1-4179-3083-7
Further reading: Edwards, Francis (1969), Guy Fawkes: the real story of the Gunpowder Plot?, Hart-Davis, ISBN 0-246-63967-9.²
;
Per Wikipedia:
     "Robert Wintour (1568 – 30 January 1606) and Thomas Wintour (1571 or 1572 – 31 January 1606), also spelt Winter, were members of the Gunpowder Plot, a failed conspiracy to assassinate King James I. Brothers, they were related to other conspirators, such as their cousin, Robert Catesby, and a half-brother, John Wintour, also joined them following the plot's failure. Thomas was an intelligent and educated man, fluent in several languages and trained as a lawyer, but chose instead to become a soldier, fighting for England in the Low Countries, France, and possibly in Central Europe. By 1600, however, he changed his mind and became a fervent Catholic. On several occasions he travelled to the continent and entreated Spain on behalf of England's oppressed Catholics, and suggested that with Spanish support a Catholic rebellion was likely.
     "As momentum was building behind a peace settlement between the two countries, Thomas's pleas fell on deaf ears. Instead, in 1604 he decided to join with Catesby, who planned to restore England to Catholicism by killing the king, and inciting a popular revolt in the Midlands, during which James's daughter, Princess Elizabeth, would be installed as titular queen. Thomas returned to the continent and again failed to elicit Spanish support, but instead met Guy Fawkes, with whom he returned to England. Robert, a devout Catholic who inherited Huddington Court near Worcester, joined the conspiracy the following year.
     "The plot began to unravel following the delivery of an anonymous letter to William Parker, 4th Baron Monteagle, warning him to stay away from Parliament. Thomas and Catesby confronted Monteagle's brother-in-law, the recently recruited Francis Tresham, threatening to kill him, but Tresham managed to convince them of his innocence. At that stage Thomas reportedly asked Catesby to abandon the scheme, to no avail. When Fawkes was captured at about midnight on 4 November 1605, Thomas fled to Robert's house at Huddington. Catesby and most of the others spent two days travelling across the Midlands attempting to incite a rebellion, but with an ever-diminishing group of supporters they eventually settled at Holbeche House in Staffordshire, and waited for government forces to arrive. Thomas, by then reintegrated into the group, chose to remain with them, and in the ensuing firefight was shot in the shoulder, and captured. Robert, who had left before the battle, evaded capture until January 1606.
     "Much of what is written about the plot is based on Thomas's confessions, given in the Tower of London in November 1605. The brothers were tried on 27 January 1606, and hanged, drawn and quartered several days later in London.
Family and life before 1604
     "Robert (b. 1568) and Thomas Wintour (b. 1571–72)[1] were sons of George Wintour of Huddington Court in Worcestershire, and his wife Jane (née Ingleby), daughter of Sir William Ingleby of Ripley Castle near Knaresborough. A sister, Dorothy, married another conspirator, John Grant.[nb 1] Two agnate half-siblings, John and Elizabeth, resulted from their father's marriage to Elizabeth Bourn, following Jane's death.[3] Their paternal grandparents were Robert Wintour of Cavewell in Gloucestershire, and his wife Catherine, daughter of Sir George Throckmorton of Coughton in Warwickshire. As scions of the Throckmortons, they could therefore claim a kinship with plotters like Robert Catesby and Francis Tresham.[1] Their maternal uncle Francis Ingleby, a Catholic priest, was hanged, drawn and quartered at York in 1586, a fact which in the opinion of historian and author Antonia Fraser, "could hardly have failed to leave a stark impression upon the Wintour family." The Wintours took their name from the Welsh Gwyn Tour (White Tower). 'Wyntour' was sometimes used in signatures, but not 'Winter'[3][4] (as the brothers are commonly named).
     "A faithful Catholic, Robert was married to Gertrude Talbot, daughter of the recusant John Talbot of Grafton. He inherited the Tudor Huddington Court near Worcester, along with a significant fortune with which he was known to be generous. Under Robert, Huddington Court became a known refuge for priests.[5] The proclamation for his capture, issued following the plot's failure, described him as "a man of mean stature, and rather low than otherwise; square made, somewhat stooping; near 40 years of age; his hair and beard brown; his beard not much, and his hair short."[6] The Jesuit John Gerard wrote that he was "esteemed in his life to be one of the wisest and most resolute and sufficient gentlemen in Worcestershire".[7] Gerard's appraisal of Thomas was just as complimentary. He was apparently an intelligent, witty and educated man, who could speak Latin, Italian, Spanish and French. "He was of mean stature, but strong and comely and very valient, about 33 years old or somewhat more."[8] Thomas worked as a servant to William Parker, 4th Baron Monteagle.[9] He was educated as a lawyer, but following several years of dissipation travelled to Flanders and enrolled in the English army. He fought against Catholic Spain in the Low Countries, France and possibly against the Turks in Central Europe. However, by 1600 his views had changed; citing his belief in the injustice of fighting against the power of Catholic Spain, like his elder brother he became a passionate Catholic. Travelling as 'Mr Winter of Worcestershire', from 24 February 1601 he spent 13 days in Rome for the jubilee,[3] and later that year and into 1602 travelled to Spain, to petition the Council on behalf of the Catholic rebels left leaderless by the execution of Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex.[nb 2] Father Henry Garnet, perhaps thinking that the purpose behind Thomas's visit was to gain financial support for impoverished English Catholics, sent him to Superior Father Joseph Creswell, who made the introductions to the Spanish.[10] This trip to Spain later became the first of two visits to be dubbed by the English government as the Spanish Treason, but Thomas's timing was unfortunate, coming as it did so soon after Spain's failed attack in Ireland, and he received only vague assurances of their support.[11] In England he met with the Spanish embassy Don Juan de Tassis, who in August 1603 landed at Dover to help negotiate an Anglo-Spanish treaty. Tassis quickly realised that any chance of a successful Catholic rebellion was unlikely, and discounted Thomas's claim that, with funding, "3,000 Catholics" would be available for the cause. After meeting with King James he wrote to Spain emphasising the need to prioritise peace with England over the freedom of her Catholics.[12]
Thomas meets with Robert Catesby and John Wright
     "'I remained with my brother in the country for Allhollantide, in the year of our Lord 1603, the first of the King's reign, about which time, Mr. Catesby sent thither, entreating me to come to London, where he and other friends would be glad to see me. I desired him to excuse me, for I found not myself very well disposed, and (which had happened never to me before) returned the messenger without my company. Shortly I received another letter, in any wise to come. At the second summons I presently came up and found him with Mr. John Wright at Lambeth, where he brake with me how necessary it was not to forsake my country (for he knew I had then a resolution to go over), but to deliver her from the servitude in which she remained, or at least to assist her with our uttermost endeavours. Thomas Wintour[13]
     "According to contemporary accounts late in February 1604 Thomas's cousin, Robert Catesby, invited him to his house in Lambeth, but Thomas was indisposed and could not attend. Catesby sent a second letter that Thomas did respond to,[10] and when he arrived he found his cousin with John Wright, a devout Catholic and a renowned swordsman. Catesby planned to re-establish Catholicism in England by blowing up the House of Lords during the State Opening of Parliament, killing the king. Thomas did not immediately recoil from the idea. As a former soldier he was a practical man,[14] and he agreed with Catesby that should the plot succeed, it would "breed a confusion fit to beget new alterations".[15] He also offered a warning of the price of failure: "the scandal would be so great which the Catholic religion might hereby sustain, as not only our enemies, but our friends also would with good reason condemn us."[15] He nevertheless agreed to join the conspiracy, and as Catesby had not entirely given up hope of foreign support—"because we will leave no peaceable and quiet way untried"[15]—Thomas returned to the continent.[16][17]
     "In Flanders he met Juan Fernández de Velasco, 5th Duke of Frías and Constable of Castile, who was holding court there before his journey to England to conclude the Treaty of London. Thomas again stressed the plight of English Catholics, hoping to influence the forthcoming treaty negotiations due to take place at Somerset House in London.[18] The Constable was "friendly rather than forthcoming".[19] Thomas also met the Welsh spy Hugh Owen, and Sir William Stanley, who were both disparaging of Catesby's hopes of Spanish assistance. Owen did, however, introduce Thomas to Guy Fawkes, a committed Catholic who had served under Stanley as a soldier in the Southern Netherlands. Although at that time the plotters had no detailed plans, Thomas told Fawkes of their ambition to "do somewhat in England", should Spanish support be lacking. In late April therefore the two men returned together to Catesby's lodgings at Lambeth, and told him that despite positive noises from the Spanish, "the deeds would nott answere".[nb 3][20][21][22]..
Robert joins
     "With the addition to the conspiracy of Thomas Percy (John Wright's brother-in-law), the five plotters met at the Duck and Drake inn, in the fashionable Strand district of London, on 20 May 1604.[23] From hereon Thomas Wintour remained at the heart of the conspiracy. The group leased properties in London, one in Lambeth for storing the gunpowder that was rowed across the Thames to its destination.[24][25] His confession has the plotters digging a tunnel toward their target during one of the several prorogations of Parliament,[nb 4] abandoned when the chamber directly beneath the House of Lords became available.[3][26][27]
     "Following the meeting in May Catesby enlisted the aid of several more Catholic men, including Robert Wintour.[nb 5] On the same day he was admitted to the plot, 25 March 1605, the conspirators also purchased the lease to the undercroft they had supposedly tunnelled near. It was into this room that 36 barrels of gunpowder were brought, but when in late August Thomas and Fawkes made an inspection of the gunpowder, they found that it had decayed (separated). Thus, more gunpowder was brought in.[29]
     "Shortly after this, Catesby recruited the last three conspirators, Sir Ambrose Rookwood, Sir Everard Digby and Francis Tresham. The latter's involvement in the plot has long been the subject of controversy, as on 26 October his brother-in-law William Parker, 4th Baron Monteagle, received an anonymous letter while at home, warning him to stay away from Parliament.[30] Thomas went with Catesby to confront Tresham on the matter, threatening to "hang him" if he did not exonerate himself. Tresham managed to convince the pair that he was innocent, but Thomas then tried unsuccessfully to persuade Catesby to abandon the plot.[31] His pleas were in vain; Catesby's position was echoed by Percy, who at a meeting of the three in London on Sunday 3 November, said that he was ready to "abide the uttermost trial".[32] On the same day, Robert and three others stayed at the home of John Talbot of Grafton, his father-in-law. His friends were Robert Acton and his two sons, plus servants. The group left the following morning with extra horses supplied by Everard Digby, and travelled to Coventry.[33]
Failure and capture
     "Monteagle had delivered the letter to the English Secretary of State, Robert Cecil, 1st Earl of Salisbury, and on Saturday 2 November (about a week later) the Privy Council decided to undertake a search of Parliament.[34] The following Monday, during the first search, Thomas Howard, 1st Earl of Suffolk, noticed the huge pile of faggots in the corner of the cellar beneath the House of Lords. The king insisted that another search be made, and about midnight another party, this time led by Thomas Knyvet, 1st Baron Knyvet, discovered Fawkes and arrested him.[35]
     "News of Fawkes's capture soon spread throughout London, including the Strand, where Christopher Wright, John Wright's brother, overheard the commotion. He immediately went to Thomas, who was staying at the Duck and Drake inn. As Fawkes had given his name as "John Johnson", servant of Percy, it was for the latter that the government's first arrest warrant was issued. Thomas guessed as much, and told Wright to go to Percy and "bid him begone". As the rest of those conspirators still in London fled the city, undaunted, he went over to Westminster to try and discern what he could. In author Alan Haynes's opinion, this demonstrated an impressive degree of trust in Fawkes's ability to confound his interrogators,[36] but when Thomas heard for himself that the treason had been uncovered, he left for Huddington, stopping at his sister's house in Norbrook along the way.[37]
     "The fugitives reached Catesby's family home of Ashby St Ledgers at about 6:00 pm. Not wanting to implicate his mother, Catesby sent a message to Robert, who had just recently arrived there, asking to meet just outside the town.[nb 6] There he told him that Fawkes had been captured.[38] At Dunchurch they collected Everard Digby and his 'hunting party', which included Robert and Thomas's half-brother, John Wintour. He had been invited to join them on 4 November.[39] The next day the group raided Warwick Castle for supplies, something that Robert strongly objected to as it would create "a great uproar" in the country, and later arrived at Huddington Court, where they met Thomas. Early the next morning Huddington's occupants went to confession and took the Sacrament at Mass—in Fraser's opinion, a sign that none of them thought they had long to live. They collected further arms and munitions from Hewell Grange, but trying to recruit more people to their cause they were met with disdain; while the conspirators considered themselves to stand for "God and country", the men of Hewell Grange replied that they were for "King James as well as God and Country". Late that night, pulling a sodden cart full of weapons and armour behind them, they arrived at Holbeche House, near Kingswinford in Staffordshire. Robert was asked if he would go and see if he could elicit any help from his father-in-law, John Talbot at his mansion at 'Pepperhill'. He refused, and Thomas went instead, with Stephen Littleton.[40] Talbot was, however, loyal to James, and sent them away, claiming that their visit was "as much as his life was worth". While returning to Holbeche, they received a message that Catesby, Rookwood, John Grant and another man were dead, and the rest apparently fled. Tired and desperate, the plotters had attempted to dry their soaked gunpowder in front of the fire, only for a stray spark to ignite it. While Littleton chose to leave, begging his companion to follow his example, Thomas continued on to Holbeche, where he found the remaining plotters alive, but injured.[41][42]
     "While several including Robert and his half-brother John chose to vanish into the night, Catesby, Percy, the Wright brothers, Grant, Rookwood and Thomas remained. Thomas asked them what they intended to do – "We mean here to die". Thomas replied "I will take such part as you do". Richard Walsh, Sheriff of Worcester, arrived with a vigilante force of about 200 men early on 8 November. Thomas was the first to be hit, in the shoulder, while crossing the courtyard. The Wright brothers were next, followed by Rookwood, still injured from the explosion the night before. Catesby and Percy were dropped by a single lucky shot. The sheriff's men then proceeded to strip the defenders of their valuables, but Thomas was saved by the sheriff's assistant.[43] His fine sword, ordered and paid for four months previously, apparently proved too great a temptation for the Sheriff's men, as it was never seen again.[44] He and the others were taken first to Worcester, and then to the Tower of London.[45] Despite a proclamation of 18 November naming them as wanted men, Robert Wintour and Stephen Litteton managed to evade capture until 9 January 1606.[46] They spent about two months hiding out in barns and houses; at one point they were forced to restrain a drunken poacher who happened upon their hiding place. They were eventually discovered at the house of Humphrey Littleton in Hagley, after a cook, John Finwood, informed on them. Humphrey managed to escape, but was captured at Prestwood, in Staffordshire.[47]
Thomas's confession
     "Historically, much of what is written about the Gunpowder Plot is derived from Thomas's confession, signed on 23 November 1605; details of the so-called Spanish Treason were added three days later. One of only two confessions printed in the King's Book (a highly partial contemporary account of the affair),[48] Thomas Wintour's was the only account the government had of a plotter who had been involved from the beginning; Guy Fawkes, weakened by days of torture, may have been at the heart of the group, but he was not at its first meetings. However, Antonia Fraser views the document with suspicion, not least because Thomas's signature, 'Thomas Winter', differs from his normal signature, 'Thomas Wintour' (it was the former that was invariably used by the government). The signature, possibly forged by lieutenant of the Tower of London William Waad, was made only weeks after Thomas had been shot in the shoulder during the siege at Holbeche House. Biographer Mark Nicholls views the difference in signatures as a significant and puzzling lapse, if a "master forger" is presumed to be responsible for the document. He views the handwriting on the confession as "convincingly that of Winter [Wintour]", pointing out that it appears to be the work of an author, not an editor, and written as a draft for the King's Book.[3] This is a view that generally, Alan Haynes agrees with: "no one has ever made a solid and sensible suggestion about why a government-employed forger (say Thomas Phelippes) would deliberately make such an error in a crucial state document".[48]
     "Another of Fraser's concerns is Waad's report to Salisbury on 21 November: "Thomas Winter doth find his hand so strong as after dinner he will settle himself to write that he hath verbally declared to your Lordship adding what he shall remember"[49]—or rather, what he was told to remember. A draft of Thomas's confession, in Coke's handwriting, places extra weight on the involvement of the Jesuits. Thomas's confession also details his account of the mine supposedly dug toward Parliament, not mentioned in Fawkes's first confession.[3][50]
Trial and death
     "A busy urban scene. Medieval buildings surround an open space, in which several men are being dragged by horses. One man hangs from a scaffold. A corpse is being hacked into pieces. Another man is feeding a large cauldron with a dismembered leg. Thousands of people line the streets and look from windows. Children and dogs run freely. Soldiers keep them back.
Print of members of the Gunpowder Plot being hanged, drawn, and quartered
The trial of the eight surviving conspirators began on Monday 27 January. The two brothers were brought with the other plotters by barge from the Tower (Catebsy's servant, Thomas Bates, arrived from the Gatehouse Prison), to Whitehall. They were kept in Star Chamber, before being led into Westminster Hall. Charged with high treason, and with no defence counsel, the outcome was never in doubt. The Spanish Treason was a feature of Attorney General Edward Coke's rhetoric, although the Spanish king was "reverently and respectfully spoken of". The Jesuits, such as Henry Garnet, were condemned. Each of the brothers' confessions were also read aloud. While in the Tower, Robert and Fawkes had shared adjacent cells, and were able to speak to each other. However, their private conversation was secretly recorded, and read aloud during the trial.[51]
     "When asked if he had anything to say, "wherefore judgement of death should not be pronounced", Thomas spoke of his regret at having introduced Robert to the plot, and asked to be hanged on his behalf as well as his own. Robert merely begged for mercy.[51] At the end of the trial, the jury pronounced them all guilty of high treason.[52]
     "Everard Digby, Robert Wintour, John Grant and Thomas Bates were executed on Thursday 30 January 1606. Dragged by horse to Old St Paul's Cathedral, Robert was the second to be executed, praying quietly to himself before he was hanged, drawn and quartered. The following morning, the remaining four were dragged to the Old Palace Yard at Westminster, opposite the building they had planned to destroy. Thomas was the first to mount the scaffold. It was customary to grant the condemned a speech, but Thomas, "a very pale and dead colour", said it was "no time to discourse: he was come to die". He absolved the Jesuits of any involvement in the plot, asked for Catholics to pray for him, and declared his adherence to the Roman religion. He was hanged for only a few seconds, and then taken to the block for the remainder of his grim sentence.[53] Their half-brother John was executed at Red Hill near Worcester, on 7 April.[54]
References
Footnotes
     1. Author Alan Haynes mentions another sister, Anne Winter, married to John Ashfield.[2] No other source used in this article makes this claim.
     2. Essex was executed for staging a failed coup d'état against Queen Elizabeth I.
     3. Philip III made peace with England in August 1604.[20]
     4. The existence of this tunnel is disputed by Antonia Fraser.
     5. Alan Haynes suggests the enlistment was in January 1605.[28]
     6. Robert had collected Stephen and Humphrey Littleton, and extra horsemen along the way, but had left them at some point to head for Catesby's home.[28]
Notes
     1. Fraser 2005, p. 57
     2. Haynes 2005, p. 78
     3. Nicholls, Mark (2008) [2004], "Winter , Thomas (c.1571–1606)", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press,      4.doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/29767, retrieved 27 October 2010
     5. Fraser 2005, p. 59
     6. Fraser 2005, pp. 59–60
     7. Brydges 1813, p. 21
     8. Gerard 1871, p. 218
     9. Gerard 1871, pp. 58–59
     10. Bengsten 2005, p. 46
     12. Haynes 2005, p. 50
     13. Fraser 2005, pp. 60–63
     14. Fraser 2005, pp. 90–95
     15. Gardiner & Gerard 1897, p. 58
     16. Haynes 2005, p. 52
     17. Gardiner & Gerard 1897, p. 59
     18. Fraser 2005, pp. 117–118
     19. Northcote Parkinson 1976, pp. 44–46
     20. Haynes 2005, p. 42
     21. Fraser 2005, p. 118
     22. Nicholls, Mark (2008) [2004], "Catesby, Robert (b. in or after 1572, d. 1605)", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, hosted at oxforddnb.com, doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/4883, retrieved 27 May 2010(subscription required)
     23. Nicholls 1991, p. 39
     24. Fraser 2005, pp. 118–119
     25. Fraser 2005, pp. 117, 119
     26. Northcote Parkinson 1976, p. 52
     27. Haynes 2005, pp. 54–55
     28. Fraser 2005, pp. 133–134
     29. Haynes 2005, pp. 55–59
     30. Haynes 2005, p. 57
     31. Fraser 2005, pp. 144, 146, 170
     32. Haynes 2005, p. 89
     33. Fraser 2005, pp. 171–175, 179–180, 182, 189
     34. Fraser 2005, p. 197
     35. Haynes 2005, pp. 96–97
     36. Haynes 2005, pp. 89, 196–197
     37. Fraser 2005, pp. 201–203
     38. Haynes 2005, p. 96
     39. Fraser 2005, pp. 203–205
     40. Fraser 2005, p. 205
     41. Fraser 2005, p. 199
     42. Haynes 2005, p. 100
     43. Fraser 2005, pp. 218, 220–223
     44. Nicholls 1991, pp. 19–20
     46. Fraser 2005, pp. 218–225
     47. Haynes 2005, pp. 160–161
     48. Fraser 2005, p. 235
     49. Nicholls 1991, p. 24
     50. Fraser 2005, p. 256
     51. Haynes 2005, p. 106
     52. Gardiner & Gerard 1897, p. 70
     53. Fraser 2005, pp. 242–246
     54. Fraser 2005, pp. 263–271
     55. Fraser 2005, p. 273
     56. Fraser 2005, pp. 277–282
     57. Fraser 2005, p. 315
Bibliography
     ---Bengsten, Fiona (2005), Sir William Waad, Lieutenant of the Tower, and the Gunpowder Plot (illustrated ed.), Trafford Publishing, ISBN 1-4120-5541-5
     ---Brydges, Sir Egerton (1813), "Restituta: or, Titles, extracts, and characters of old books in English literature, revived", Restituta, Printed by T. Bensley for Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, 2
     ---Fraser, Antonia (2005) [1996], The Gunpowder Plot, London: Phoenix, ISBN 0-7538-1401-3
     ---Gardiner, Samuel Rawson; Gerard, John (1897), What gunpowder plot was, London: Longmans
     ---Gerard, John (1871), John Morris (ed.), The condition of Catholics under James I : Father Gerard's narrative of the Gunpowder Plot, 1, London: Longmans, Green
     ---Haynes, Alan (2005) [1994], The Gunpowder Plot: Faith in Rebellion, Sparkford, England: Hayes and Sutton, ISBN 0-7509-4215-0
     ---Nicholls, Mark (1991), Investigating Gunpowder plot, Manchester: Manchester University Press, ISBN 0-7190-3225-3
     ---Northcote Parkinson, C. (1976), Gunpowder Treason and Plot, London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, ISBN 0-297-77224-4.

     Elizabeth Throckmorton was born circa 1565 at Beddington, co. Surrey, England.¹ She married Sir Walter Raleigh, son of Walter Raleigh and Katherine Champernoun, on 19 November 1591 at London, City of London, Greater London, England.^2,1

Elizabeth Throckmorton died in 1647 at Hayes Barton, Devonshire, England.¹
     Reference: Genealogics cites:
     1. Throckmorton of Coughton , O'Connor, Robert.
     2. Some Descendants of William Marrow, Lord Mayor of London 2014, Bradley, Hal.¹

     Sir Walter Raleigh was born in 1552 at Hayes Barton, Devonshire, England.³ He married Elizabeth Throckmorton, daughter of Sir Nicholas Throckmorton Knt., of Paulerspury and Anne Carew of Beddington, on 19 November 1591 at London, City of London, Greater London, England.^3,5

Sir Walter Raleigh died on 29 October 1618 at Whitehall Palace, London, City of London, Greater London, England.³
      ; Per Genealogics:
     "Son of Walter Raleigh and Katherine Champernowne, the famous English explorer Sir Walter Raleigh was born about 1552 in Devon and educated at Oxford, which he left without taking a degree. He became a soldier and a courtier, and soon found favour with Queen Elizabeth, who granted him many lucrative offices and knighted him in 1584. In that year, and again in 1587, he organized unsuccessful expeditions to establish settlements in Virginia. Replaced in the Queen's favour by the Earl of Essex, he retired in 1589 to Ireland, where Elizabeth had granted him substantial estates. There he met Edmund Spenser, whom he helped to gain royal patronage for the publication of _The Faerie Queen_.
     "On 19 November 1591 Sir Walter Raleigh married Elizabeth Throckmorton and they had three children. Expeditions against the Spanish followed, and then in 1592, for marrying one of her maids of honour without the Queen's consent, he was imprisoned in the Tower of London, where he remained until one of his piratical expeditions returned home with rich prizes. He retired to another estate in Dorset until 1595, when he set out on a voyage to South America in search of El Dorado. In the following year he commanded the force which captured Cadiz, and in 1597 he sailed with Essex to the Azores.
     "Soon after the accession of James I, he was accused of treason and condemned to death, but the sentence was not carried out at once. He was confined in the Tower until 1616, when he was freed in order to make another journey of exploration to the Orinoco River. His failure to bring back the promised gold angered James, and he was executed in 1618. Raleigh wrote a number of poems of considerable quality, and a somewhat fictionalized account of his first voyage to South America, _The Discoverie of Guiana_, appeared in 1596. During his long imprisonment he began _The History of the World,_ but completed only one volume, which was published in 1614."³

Reference: Genealogics cites:
     1. Burke's Landed Gentry . 383
     2. Chambers's Biographical Dictionary, London, 1968 . 1058
     3. The Illustrated Dictionary of Western Literature, 1987, New York, Legat, Michael. page 273 biography
     4. Sir Walter Raleigh, London, 1956 , Magnus, Philip.
     5. Some Descendants of William Marrow, Lord Mayor of London 2014, Bradley, Hal.³

     Katherine Champernoun married Otho Gilbert of Compton on 1 September 1531
;
Her 1st husband.² Katherine Champernoun married Walter Raleigh in 1547
;
Her 2nd husband; her 1st husband d. in 1547.^3,1
     Reference: Genealogics cites: Burke's Landed Gentry. 383.¹ Katherine Champernoun was also known as Katherine Champernowne.¹

     Otho Gilbert of Compton married Katherine Champernoun, daughter of Sir Philip Champernoun Knt., of Modbury, Devonshire and Katherine Carew, on 1 September 1531
;
Her 1st husband.¹
Otho Gilbert of Compton died on 15 February 1547.¹
     Reference: Genealogics cites: Burke's Landed Gentry. 383.¹

     Walter Raleigh married Katherine Champernoun, daughter of Sir Philip Champernoun Knt., of Modbury, Devonshire and Katherine Carew, in 1547
;
Her 2nd husband; her 1st husband d. in 1547.^1,2

     Lucy La Zouche married Sir Thomas Greene of Boughton.³

     Sir Thomas Greene of Boughton married Lucy La Zouche, daughter of Eudes/Eon La Zouche of Haryngworth and Milicent de Cantelupe.¹
Sir Thomas Greene of Boughton was born circa 1280.¹
     He was a witness to (an unknown value) with Sir Thomas Greene of Boughton.

     (?) La Zouche married Anketil Mallory Knt., of Kirkby Mallory.^1,3

     GAV-19 EDV-22 GKJ-19.

Reference: Genealogics cites: Ancestor list of Lucy and Emily O'Connor 2015 , O'Connor, Robert. 4,786,925.¹

     Henry Bisset died in 1208.¹
     Henry Bisset lived at an unknown place ; GAV-22.

Reference: Genealogics cites: Burke's Genealogical and Heraldic History of the Peerage, Baronetage and Knightage, London, 1938. Page 387.¹

     Edgidia (?) married William (I) de Cantelou, son of William de Cantelou.¹

     GAV-23 EDV-22 GKJ-23.

     Sir Anthony Aucher Knt., of Bishopsbourne and Otterden, Kent. married Affra Cornwallis, daughter of William Cornwallis of Brome Hall and Elizabeth Stanford.^1,5,2
Sir Anthony Aucher Knt., of Bishopsbourne and Otterden, Kent. was born circa 1500.^1,2
Sir Anthony Aucher Knt., of Bishopsbourne and Otterden, Kent. died between 9 January 1557 and 1558 at Calais, Departement du Pas-de-Calais, Nord-Pas-de-Calais, France;
Per Genelogics Killed in action. Per Faris [1999:223]: "died intestate of woujnds on 9 Jan. 1557/8 two days after the surrender of Calais."^1,2,6
Sir Anthony Aucher Knt., of Bishopsbourne and Otterden, Kent. was buried after 9 January 1558 at Bishopsbourne, City of Canterbury, co. Kent, England; From Find A Grave:
     BIRTH     1500, England
     DEATH     9 Jan 1558 (aged 57–58), Calais, Departement du Pas-de-Calais, Nord-Pas-de-Calais, France
     Knight of Bishopsbourne and Otterden, Kent. Marshall of Calais, Governor of Guisnes, Master of the Jewel House of the Tower of London.
     Son of James Aucher and Alice Hall, grandson of John Aucher and Margaret Church, and Thomas Hill.
     Husband of Affra Cornwallis, daughter of William Cornwallis and Elizabeth Stanford. They were the parents of four sons and one daughter.
     Anthony served as one of the agents of King Henry VIII in the Dissolution of the Monasteries, and as a military commander at the siege of Calais, where he was wounded and died of those wounds two days after the surrender of that city. Administration of his estate was granted to his son Edward.
     Family Members
     Parents
      James Aucher unknown–1509
     Spouse
      Affra Cornwallis Aucher
     Children
      Anthony Aucher unknown–1614
      Edward Aucher 1539–1568
     Inscription: Sr. Anthony Aucher, Knt. / Mareschall of Callice; Governr. / of Guisnes Master of the / Jewel House in the times of / Henry the eight, Edward the / sixt & Queen Mary. Slayn / at the loss of Callice 1558. / Affra Cornwallis his Wife.
     BURIAL     St Mary Churchyard, Bishopsbourne, City of Canterbury, Kent, England
     PLOT     south chapel; memorial on east wall, burial in vault beneath
     Maintained by: Todd Whitesides
     Originally Created by: Sheilia W.
     Added: 17 Mar 2011
     Find A Grave Memorial 67036533.^2,6
     Reference: Genealogics cites:
     1. Living descendants of Blood Royal in America , Angerville, Count d'. III 4
     2. Plantagenet Ancestry of Seventeenth-century Colonists 1996, Baltimore, 1st Edition, Faris, David. 171
     3. Magna Charta Sureties, 1215 4th & 5th edition , Weis, Frederick Lewis. page 18.¹ He was Marshal of Calais.² GAV-14.

     Sir John Babington of Dethick married Isabel Bradburne.²

Sir John Babington of Dethick died in 1485 at Battle of Bosworth Field, Leicestershire, England;
Pewr Genealogics: killed in battle.¹
     Reference: Genealogics cites:
     1. Burke's Landed Gentry . 1886 63
     2. Burke's Commoners . 4:514
     3. Collectanea topographica et genealogica , Madden, F; B. Bandinel ; J. G. Nichols. 8:324
     4. Ancestor list of Lucy and Emily O'Connor 2015 , O'Connor, Robert.¹

     Isabel Bradburne married Sir John Babington of Dethick, son of Sir Thomas Babington of Dethick, Derbyshire and Isabel Dethick.¹

Isabel Bradburne died on 18 March 1486.¹
     Reference: Genealogics cites: The Genealogist [of London] new series . 7:12.¹

     Thomas Babington of Dethick married Edith FitzHerbert, daughter of Ralph Radus fitz Herbert of Norbury and Elizabeth Marshall.^2,1

Thomas Babington of Dethick died on 13 March 1518.¹
     Reference: Genealogics cites:
     1. Burke's Landed Gentry . 1886 63
     2. Burke's Commoners . 4:514
     3. Collectanea topographica et genealogica , Madden, F; B. Bandinel ; J. G. Nichols. 8:328-9.¹

     Edith FitzHerbert married Thomas Babington of Dethick, son of Sir John Babington of Dethick and Isabel Bradburne.^1,2

     Reference: Genealogics cites:
     1. Burke's Commoners . 1:79
     2. The Visitations of Staffordshire, 1583 1885 , Grazebrook, H. Sydney (editor). 75.¹

Reference: Genealogics cites:
     1. Burke's Commoners . 4:514
     2. The Visitations of Staffordshire, 1583 1885 , Grazebrook, H. Sydney (editor). 75.¹

     Sir Anthony Babington of Dethick was born before 1476.¹ He married Elizabeth Ormond on 20 March 1498
;
His 1st wife.^2,1 Sir Anthony Babington of Dethick married Catherine Ferrers of Tamworth, daughter of Sir John Ferrers of Tamworth Castle and Maud Stanley of Elford, before 1509
;
His 2nd wife; her 2nd husband.^3,1
Sir Anthony Babington of Dethick died on 23 August 1536 at Kingston-upon-Soar, Nottinghamshire, England.¹
     Reference: Genealogics cites:
     1. Thoroton's Notts. . 1;344
     2. Burke's Landed Gentry . 1886 63
     3. Burke's Commoners . 4:516.¹

     Elizabeth Ormond married Sir Anthony Babington of Dethick, son of Thomas Babington of Dethick and Edith FitzHerbert, on 20 March 1498
;
His 1st wife.^1,2
Elizabeth Ormond died in November 1505.¹

     Catherine Ferrers of Tamworth married Thomas Cotton
;
Her 1st husband.¹ Catherine Ferrers of Tamworth married Sir Anthony Babington of Dethick, son of Thomas Babington of Dethick and Edith FitzHerbert, before 1509
;
His 2nd wife; her 2nd husband.^1,3
Catherine Ferrers of Tamworth died in 1537.¹

     Katherine Satcheverell married Thomas Babington of Dethick, Derbys, son of Sir Anthony Babington of Dethick and Catherine Ferrers of Tamworth.^1,2

     Reference: Genealogics cites: The Complete Peerage, 1936 , Doubleday, H.A. & Lord Howard de Walden. IV 76.¹

     John Agard married Maud Stanley of Elford, daughter of Sir John Stanley of Elford and Elizabeth Vernon, after 1485
;
Her 2nd husband; her 1st husband d. in 1485.¹

     Joyce (?) married Sir Thomas Colepeper of Bayhall
;
His 1st wife; her 2nd husband.¹ Joyce (?) married John Vyne
;
Her 1st husband.¹

     Walter Colepeper of Goudhurst married Anne/Agnes Roper.²

Walter Colepeper of Goudhurst died in 1462.¹
      ; Per Genealogics: "mother may be [his father's] 2nd wife, Eleanor Greene."¹

Reference: Genealogics cites:
     1. The Sussex Colepepers, The Colepepers of Wigsell, in Salehurst .
     2. Harleian Society Publications Visitation series . 42:61
     3. The Wallop Family and Their Ancestry 1928 , Watney, Vernon James. 219
     4. Sussex Archaeological Collection Vol III (1849) . 47:57-8
     5. Sussex Genealogies. (A: Ardingley; H: Horsham; L: Lewes Centres) , Comber, John. A:121.¹

     Anne/Agnes Roper married Walter Colepeper of Goudhurst, son of Sir Thomas Colepeper of Bayhall and Joyce (?).¹
Anne/Agnes Roper married John Bedgebury
;
Her 1st husband.¹ Anne/Agnes Roper married Thomas Chaundler
;
Her 3rd husband.¹
     Reference: Genealogics cites:
     1. The Sussex Colepepers, The Colepepers of Wigsell, in Salehurst .
     2. Harleian Society Publications Visitation series . 42:82
     3. Collins's Peerage of England, 1812 , Collins, Arthur; Sir Egerton Brydges. 7:78
     4. County Genealogies - Pedigrees of the Families in the County of Kent , Berry, William. 214.¹

; Per Genealogics: "She is shown as sister not daughter of Edmund in some pedigrees."¹