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     Angharad ferch Owain Gwynedd married Gruffydd Maelor ap Madog, son of Madog ap Maredudd Prince of Powys Fadog and Susanna ferch Gruffudd.¹

     GAV-24.

     Gruffydd Maelor ap Madog married Angharad ferch Owain Gwynedd, daughter of Owain Gwynedd ap Gruffydd King of North Wales and Cristin ferch Gronwy.²

Gruffydd Maelor ap Madog died in 1191.³
     GAV-24.

; GRUFFYDD MAELOR (I) AP MADOG Northern Powys, 1160-91. On the death of MADOG AP MAREDUDD, Gruffydd inherited his share of the kingdom, along with four others. His domain was predominantly the cantref of Maelor, in northeastern Powys, and Iâl, the main heartland of Powys. He later added Nanheudwy, but it was not until the death of his brother, Owain Fychan in 1187, that he added the remaining territories that made up Northern Powys. At that stage he also came into possession of lands in England, east of Oswestry. He remained in good favour with the English court under HENRY II and the only challenge to his authority came in 1177 with an attack by Hugh, earl of Chester, who overran Maelor and surrounding territories with the help of DAFYDD AB OWAIN. However, this conquest was short-lived and the balance restored by Henry's decree. Gruffydd was remembered for his generosity. He gave freely to his friends and relatives; gave many gifts to the church and was renowned for his wonderful banquets. The church did not seem to give much in return. Gruffydd was prevailed upon to divorce his wife Angharad, the daughter of OWAIN GWYNEDD, who was his distant cousin. This did not, however, disinherit his two sons, MADOG and OWAIN, both of whom succeeded him.³

     Cynwrig I ab Owain Gwynedd died after 1165.¹

     Cynan ab Owain Gwynedd married Angharad ferch Genillin.¹

Cynan ab Owain Gwynedd died in 1173.¹

     Dafydd I ab Owain Gwynedd King of North Wales was born circa 1135; Ashley says ca 1135; van de Pas says ca 1140.^5,3 He married Emme d'Anjou (?) Princess of Wales, daughter of Unknown (?), in August 1174 at Wales.^5,2,6,3

Dafydd I ab Owain Gwynedd King of North Wales died in 1203.¹
Dafydd I ab Owain Gwynedd King of North Wales died circa May 1203 at Hales, Shropshire, England.^5,3,2
      ; van de Pas cites: Burke's Guide to the Royal Family, London, 1973 , Reference: 322.³

; DAFYDD AB OWAIN co-ruler Gwynedd from 1170, sole ruler 1174-5; thereafter east Gwynedd, 1175-95, when deposed. Born: c1135; Died: May (?) 1203, at Hales, Shropshire, aged about 68. Married: August (?) 1174, Emma de Laval, half-sister of Henry II; 2 children. On the death of the great OWAIN GWYNEDD, his kingdom was partitioned amongst his sons. Whereas the sons of the previous generation had worked together to support Owain, his own sons worked against each other. Upon Owain's death in 1170 the sons teamed up into opposing factions. Dafydd and his brother RHODRI, the younger sons of Owain's second marriage, joined forces against Hywel, Owain's eldest son though himself illegitimate. They met at the battle of Pentraeth on Anglesey where Hywel was killed. They next turned their attention to MAELGWYN, who had inherited the main heartland of Gwynedd, Anglesey itself. After three years, Maelgwyn was driven out of Anglesey into exile in Ireland. Although he returned, he was imprisoned and probably died soon after. Dafydd and Rhodri next attacked Iorweth, who had inherited Arfon, and whether he died or was expelled is not clear, but he had vanished from the scene by 1174. In that same year the last remaining brother, Cynan, died, although he had established sufficient claim upon Meirionydd for his family for Dafydd and Rhodri to leave alone. The two remaining brothers now turned on each other, and Dafydd defeated and imprisoned Rhodri. By the summer of 1174, therefore, Dafydd was sole ruler in Gwynedd. Dafydd had something of the entrepreneurial flair of his father, and in 1174 he sought marriage to HENRY Ifs half-sister, Emma, whose first husband, Guy de Laval, had recently died. Henry reluctantly agreed, for this gave Dafydd a greater royal profile than Henry perhaps wished. In fact the outcome was satisfactory for both of them. Dafydd, had he been able to rule alone, would probably have proved a capable and likeable king. Unfortunately, within a few months of Dafydd's marriage, Rhodri escaped from prison and succeeded in driving him out of Anglesey and into eastern Gwynedd. There, with Norman support, Dafydd was able to remain, but Gwynedd was now apportioned between him and Rhodri. Dafydd continued to benefit from his links with Henry II as, in 1177, he was granted estates at Ellesmere and Hales (hence Halesowen) in Shropshire, in return for unconditional fealty to the king. He also extended his castle at Rhuddlan, which became one of the most glorious castles of the age. Dafydd was known as a patron of the arts, encouraging the court poets, unlike his brother Rhodri, who was altogether different.
Both their fortunes suffered, however, from 1190 on. Rhodri was expelled from Anglesey by Cynan's children, Gruffydd and Maredudd whilst, in 1194, Dafydd was expelled from East Gwynedd by Iorweth's son LLYWELYN. He clung tenaciously to three castles but was effectively deposed in 1195. When Llywelyn's power grew, he imprisoned Dafydd for a year, from 1197-1198, and only released him on condition that he went into exile. Dafydd retreated to his estates in Shropshire where he died in 1203.⁵

; per van de Pas: [quote] Dafydd ab Owain Gwynedd was the son of Owain Gwynedd, King of Gwynedd and Christina, daughter of Gronw ab Owain ab Edwin. Father and mother being first cousins, their union was not recognised by the church, and its issue was deemed illegitimate.

Dafydd is first hear of in 1157, when he took an active part in the ambush of Hawarden Woods, which was all but fatal to Henry II. In 1165 he was stationed in Dyffryn Clwyd and opened the conflict of that year with a raid on Tegeingl, in which he carried off much booty.

The death of his father in November 1170 opened up a new prospect; he and his brother Rhodri attacked and slew their half-brother Hywel ab Owain in a battle near Pentraeth in Anglesey. In 1173 he made an onset upon another half-brother, Maelgwn ab Owain, and drove him from Anglesey, to find a refuge in Ireland.

1174 was the year of his greatest triumph; he ejected all his rivals, including Rhodri, imprisoned Maelgwn. who had ventured to return from exile, and became for a brief season ruler of the whole of Gwynedd. To this year, it would appear, belongs the laudatory poem of Gwilym Rhyfel, who calls him 'king of Cemais.'

In the great upheaval of 1173, Dafydd took the king's side, and he was thus emboldened to ask for the hand of Emma, a natural daughter of Geoffrey of Anjou and therefore Henry's half-sister. It was granted, with some reluctance, the wedding took place in the summer of 1174, the bride's expenses being met out of the royal coffers.

This was the summit of Dafydd's career. In 1175 he suffered a reverse. Attacked by Rhodri, whom he had imprisoned but who made his escape, he was driven across the Conway into the eastern half of Gwynedd, where he could rely on Norman help.

Some compensation came in 1177, when at the conference with Henry II at Oxford, Emma's husband was gratified with the bestowal of the lordships of Ellesmere and Hales in Shropshire. He seems now to have settled in the Middle County, with a fine castle at Rhuddlan, admired by Giraldus Cambrensis, who spent a night there, with archbishop Baldwin's company, in the spring of 1188.

In 1194 fortune struck him a second blow. After he had been harassed for some time by his energetic young nephew, Llywelyn ap Iorwerth, that rising star entered into an alliance with his cousins, the sons of Cynan ab Owain Gwynedd, and with their aid signally defeated Dafydd in a battle at Aberconwy. He was reduced to a realm of three castles, and even this he lost in 1197 when Llywelyn imprisoned him. Released from captivity in 1198 by the direct intervention of archbishop Hubert, he withdrew to the safety of his English manors and there spent the rest of his days. He died in or about 1203. [end quote]³ Dafydd I ab Owain Gwynedd King of North Wales was also known as David ap Owen.

     Gwenllian II ferch Owain Gwynedd married Hwfa ap Cynwrig.¹

     Rhirid ab Owain Gwynedd married (?) ferch Iarll Desmond, daughter of Iarll Desmond.¹

     Gruffudd ap Cynan married (?) ferch Llychwy of Llanbeulan, Llifon, daughter of Llychwy (?) of Llanbeulan, Llifon.¹
Gruffudd ap Cynan married Perwyr ferch Bran.¹
Gruffudd ap Cynan was born circa 1055.¹ He married Angharad ferch Owain ab Edwin, daughter of Owain ab Edwin, in 1095.¹

Gruffudd ap Cynan died in 1137.¹
     GAV-24 EDV-26 GKJ-25. He was King of Gwynedd, [Ashley, pp. 354-355] GRUFFYDD AP CYNAN Gwynedd, 1081-1137. 8 children. The longest reigning of all Welsh rulers, Gruffydd was born in Ireland in about the year 1055. His father, Cynan, who was in exile in Ireland, was the son of IAGO AB IDWAL AB MEURIG, which made Gruffydd seventh in direct descent from RHODRI Mawr. His mother, Ragnhildr, was a daughter of Olaf, the son of Sitric III, king of
Dublin. Gruffydd thus had mixed Celtic and Norse blood.
On the death of BLEDDYN AP CYNFYN in 1075, Gruffydd challenged TRAHERN AP CARADOG for the throne of Gwynedd. He had some initial success, winning the cantref of Llyn and defeating Trahern at a battle in Meinonydd. Gruffydd then made two serious errors. Firstly he attacked the castle of Robert of Rhuddlan, who had supported Gruffydd in his claim for the throne. Although Gruffydd did not take the castle, he lost Robert's support and this was vital when the men of Llyn rebelled against the Vikings whom Gruffydd had employed in his army and left in charge in Llyn. Trahern used this opportunity to attack Gruffydd at Bron-yr-Erw, near Clynnog, and Gruffydd was forced to flee back to Ireland.
His next opportunity came in 1081. In that year RHYS AP TEWDWR of Deheubarth was put to flight by his rivals. Rhys and Gruffydd joined forces to regain their respective thrones. They met their enemies at the battle of Mynydd Cam and were victorious, Gruffydd overthrowing Trahern. Unfortunately Gruffydd had not long settled into his homeland when he was captured by the Normans and imprisoned at Chester for at least ten, perhaps twelve years. During that time the Normans established themselves firmly across north Wales, building castles at Bangor, Caernarvon and Aberileiniog. When Gruffydd was given a conditional release he soon became involved in resistance, leading a rebellion against the Normans in 1094. For four years Gruffydd maintained an uneasy authority in Gwynedd, ensconced in his stronghold of Anglesey, but in 1098 the Normans, under WILLIAM II, led a two-pronged attack from their castles at Chester and Shrewsbury. The Welsh were soundly defeated and Gruffydd found himself trapped on Anglesey from which, eventually, he made his escape back to Ireland. When Gruffydd returned, in the following year, he reached an agreement with the Normans and was allowed to rule Anglesey as a vassal king. Over the next few years, for good behaviour, he was allowed to extend his lordship across the Conway into parts of old Gwynedd. While he was still alive his sons continued to extend their control over the lands so that, by the time of his death in 1137, in his early eighties, Gruffydd's Gwynedd was restored to its former self. HENRY I made a show of strength in 1114, though Gruffydd and his sons retained their lands in return for Gruffydd accepting the authority of the Normans. If anything Gruffydd and Henry seemed like-minded and each was prepared to tolerate the other. Gruffydd showed no further hostility to the Normans and instead spent his time rebuilding the old glory of Gwynedd. He had a particular passion for music and stories of old, and has earned a reputation as a patron of the bardic tradition, laying down the basis for the modern eisteddfod. His court poet was the legendary Meilyr Brydydd.
When Gruffydd died his reign had spanned over sixty-two years, of which nineteen were spent either in exile or in prison. He was clearly a survivor, and his strength, willpower and, ultimately, his tenacity, brought him the respect of the Normans, who allowed him to re-establish the kingdom of Gwynedd, when they could have dominated it. During the height of his reign, from 1100 to around 1120, Gruffydd rebuilt the pride and culture of the northern Welsh. He passed this legacy on to his son, OWAIN Gwynedd. between 1081 and 1137.²

     Angharad ferch Owain ab Edwin married Gruffudd ap Cynan, son of Cynan ab Iago and Radnaillt (?) of Dublin, in 1095.¹

Angharad ferch Owain ab Edwin died in 1162.¹
     GAV-24 EDV-24.

     Cadwaladr ap Gruffudd married Tangwystl ferch Cadwallon ap Gruffud.²