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     Cadwallon ap Gruffudd died in 1132.¹

     Rhanult ferch Gruffudd married Madog ab Idnerth.²

     Gwennlian ferch Gruffudd married Gruffyd Rhys ap Rhys, son of Rhys ap Tewdwr Prince of South Wales and Gwladys ferch Rhiwallon.¹

     GAV-23 EDV-23.

     Gruffyd Rhys ap Rhys married Gwennlian ferch Gruffudd, daughter of Gruffudd ap Cynan and Angharad ferch Owain ab Edwin.¹

Gruffyd Rhys ap Rhys died in 1137.³
      ; GRUFFYDD AP RHYS (I) Cantref Mawr, 1116-37. The younger son of RHYS AP TEWDWR, who was only three when his father was killed in 1093. He was given sanctuary in Ireland. During those years the Normans made considerable advances into southern Wales, establishing their fortifications and their authority. They had also forced GRUFFYDD AP CYNAN of Gwynedd into becoming their vassal. It was against this background of Norman domination that Gruffydd ap Rhys reappeared on the scene in 1113, footloose and disinherited but determined to gain a hold on his father's lands. Initially he did nothing but stir up discontent but within a couple of years HENRY I saw the problems he might cause and set out to capture him. Gruffydd sought refuge with his father's former ally, Gruffydd ap Cynan, but Gruffydd already knew the power of Henry I and was not prepared to face it again. He was ready to hand the young Gruffydd over, but the prince escaped across Cardigan Bay. His patriotic zeal was now enflamed and he was soon able to raise an army (or more appropriately a rabble) of young malcontents. At the start of 1116 they began a series of attacks on Norman castles. He achieved enough successes to raise Welsh hopes and, with a much enlarged army, he led a raid on Ceredigion. It was evident that Gruffydd had no control over this larger force and its size worked against it. The skilled castellan at Aberystwyth was able to use his greater experience and put the army to flight. Gruffydd was forced to seek refuge in Ystrad Tywi.
It is to Henry's credit that he did not hound Gruffydd down and imprison him, though he made several attempts to capture him. Henry found the young hothead impulsive but in the end agreed that he could have the lordship of Cantref Mawr, "the Great Cantref" in Ystrad Tywi. Although he styled himself king, it was a title without authority, and an ignominious end to a once great kingdom. Nevertheless, having regained some territory, Gruffydd seemed happy to settle down. He upset his Norman neighbours in 1127, which caused him briefly to seek refuge in Ireland, but he soon returned. He married Gwenllian, the daughter of Gruffydd ap Cynan, though he already had two children, presumably of an earlier marriage or liaison. With Gwenllian he had six children, including RHYS, who inherited Cantref Mawr.
The death of HENRY I in 1135 gave signal to the Welsh of new hopes. Small insurrections soon flared into a major revolt. While Gruffydd rode into Gwynedd hoping to rally forces along with Gruffydd ap Cynan and his sons, Gwenllian led her own force against the castle at Kidwelly, where she met her death. Gruffydd joined in the invasion of Ceredigion in 1137 and led his own force down into Dyfed. His initial engagements, mostly against the Fleming settlers, were victorious, but he was finally cut down and killed. His sons continued the rebellion in the south: ANARAWD, the eldest, followed by CADELL, but it was not until the time of the younger son, RHYS, that Deheubarth regained any independence.³ GAV-23 EDV-23.

     Susanna ferch Gruffudd married Madog ap Maredudd Prince of Powys Fadog, son of Maredudd ap Bleddyn and Hunydd ferch Eunydd.¹

     GAV-23.

     Madog ap Maredudd Prince of Powys Fadog married Susanna ferch Gruffudd, daughter of Gruffudd ap Cynan and Angharad ferch Owain ab Edwin.¹

Madog ap Maredudd Prince of Powys Fadog died in 1160.^3,2
     GAV-23 EDV-23. Madog ap Maredudd Prince of Powys Fadog was also known as Madog ap Maredudd of Powys.⁴

; MADOG AP MAREDUDD Powys, 1132-60. The last ruler of all of Powys. The start of his reign saw him in a position of considerable authority. He had allied himself with the Normans and succeeded in being on good terms with both HENRY I and STEPHEN, thus protecting his boundaries to the east. He had married Susanna, the daughter of GRUFFYDD AP CYNAN, in order to build an alliance to the west, which improved after the death of Gruffydd's ambitious son Cadwallon. However, by the 1140s, Gruffydd's successor, OWAIN, was again expanding the power of Gwynedd and was successfully encroaching upon Powys by claiming one commote after another as he progressed eastward through North Wales. This came to a climax in 1149 when Madog, supported by Ranulf, earl of Chester, met Owain in battle at Coleshill. The day went to Owain, and Madog lost the cantref of Iâl, the heartland of Powys. Madog had expanded his own kingdom elsewhere by taking the manor of Oswestry and surrounding lands during an opportunist moment in the English civil war, but in effect, by the end of 1149, much of Powys was in the hands of Owain Gwynedd. In this same year, Madog passed Cyfeiliog to his nephews OWAIN and Meurig, for safekeeping. Madog remained under the oppression of Gwynedd for eight years, until 1157 saw HENRY II in control in England and determined to resolve the problems over Wales. Madog's support for Henry in this operation held him in good stead, for Madog was restored to authority in Powys, although he had to hand back the manor and lands of Oswestry. Madog ruled peacefully for the rest of his reign and his death in 1160 was much mourned. Madog is remembered in the Arthurian romance, The Dream of Rhonabwy, where he is portrayed as a mighty and powerful lord. For much of his reign he was, but only because of the patronage of the English. After his death his land was divided amongst his sons GRUFFYDD MAELOR, Owain Fychan and Owain Brogyntyn, his nephew OWAIN CYFEILIOG and his brother Iorweth Goch.³

     Margred ferch Gruffudd married Ieuaf ab Owain.¹

     Yslani ferch Gruffudd married Hwfa ab Ithel Felyn.¹

     Gwenllian ferch Gruffudd married Cadwgan ap Bleddyn, son of Bleddyn ap Cynfyn King of Gwyness and Powys.¹

     Cadwgan ap Bleddyn married Gwenllian ferch Gruffudd, daughter of Gruffudd ap Cynan.¹

Cadwgan ap Bleddyn died in 1111 at Welshpool, Powys, Wales; murdered.³
      ; CADWGAN AP BLEDDYN Powys, 1088-1111. One of the seven sons of BLEDDYN AP CYNFYN who each laid claim to territory in Powys or elsewhere. Cadwgan joined with his half-brothers in their attack upon RHYS AP TEWDWR in 1088 and narrowly escaped with his life when Rhys returned to the offensive. MADOG and Rhiryd were killed. Cadwgan and his brother IORWETH now shared the kingdom between them. This was the period when Wales was under pressure from the Norman earls, to whom WILLIAM II had given free rein in their designs upon Wales. GRUFFYDD AP CYNAN, the primary ruler of Gwynedd, was imprisoned, and it was Cadwgan who led the Welsh rebellion of 1094 to shake off the Norman yoke. He achieved a major victory at Coed Yspwys in northern Wales (its exact site is unknown) in 1094. Gruffydd escaped from prison later that year and he and Cadwgan joined forces for a major offensive. Victory went with the Welsh until 1098, when the Normans directed their forces to capturing Anglesey. Gruffydd and Cadwgan were forced to flee to Ireland where they remained in exile for a year. Cadwgan was evidently respected by the Normans for his abilities and above all sensibilities - he did not have the extremes of other members of his family - and he benefited from this. The new Norman overlords granted Cadwgan the rule of Powys and Ceredigion, which he retained over the next decade. However, rather than being able to build upon his power, Cadwgan found himself head of a family that he could not control. Not only his brothers, especially Iorweth and MAREDUDD, continued to cause trouble, but his own sons, particularly OWAIN (see below). Cadwgan suddenly found himself besieged by his own nephews (sons of Rhiryd) and by other sons of chieftains hopeful for a share of the pickings. Cadwgan was driven out of Ceredigion in 1109, but soon made his peace with the English king and was restored in 1110. However, Owain's excesses continued, this time with the murder of a Flemish nobleman. Once again Cadwgan was deprived of his kingdom, and Owain was banished to Ireland. Although Cadwgan had one last chance in 1111, when his lands were again restored to him after the murder of Iorweth, within months he also fell victim to his nephew Madog, and was murdered at Welshpool. Although he was succeeded by his wayward son, Owain, the real master of Powys was his brother Maredudd.³

     Rhael ferch Gruffudd married Llywarch ap Bleddyn.¹

     Cynan ab Iago married Radnaillt (?) of Dublin, daughter of Amlaib mac Sitric and Máelcorcre ingen Dúnlaing.⁴

     GAV-25 EDV-25.

     Iago ab Idwal married Afandreg ferch Gwair ap Pill, daughter of Gwair ap Pill.¹

Iago ab Idwal died in 1039.¹
     GAV-27 EDV-26. He was King of Gwynedd, IAGO AB IDWAL AB MEURIG Gwynedd, 1023-39. The inter-dynastic rivalries of the descendants of RHODRI MAWR continued after the death of LLYWELYN AP SEISYLL, when his distant cousin, Iago ab Idwal, great-great grandson of ANARAWD AP RHODRI reclaimed the throne of Gwynedd. It seems that his struggle for the throne lasted for perhaps ten years as he battled another claimant, RHYDDERCH AB IESTYN, who succeeded in gaining the throne of Deheubarth. Iago did not eventually settle in Gwynedd until the death of Rhydderch in 1033, but his grip on the country was weak and after six years of inconsequential but oppressive rule, Iago's own men turned on him and he was murdered. Gwynedd passed into the more determined hands of GRUFFYDD AP LLYWELYN. Iago's own son, Cynan, sought refuge in Ireland from where his son, GRUFFYDD AP CYNAN, sailed to reclaim the throne nearly forty years later. between 1023 and 1039.⁴

     Afandreg ferch Gwair ap Pill married Iago ab Idwal, son of Idwal ap Meurig King of Gwynedd.¹

     GAV-26 EDV-26 GKJ-27.

     Crisli ferch Iago married Dryffin ap Cudd.¹

     Twangwystl ferch Iago married Llywarch Howlbwrch.¹