Person Page - 2623

     Elizabeth McCoy was born circa 1837 at Tennessee, USA; aged 13 in 1850 census.¹ She married (?) Goad before 1856
; 1st child born ca 1856.²
Elizabeth McCoy died on 26 February 1902.³
     Elizabeth McCoy was listed as a resident in John McCoy (Jr.) and Abcillia Olivie Patterson's household in the census report on 22 October 1850 at Richland, Madison Co., Arkansas, USA;      [Same page as his son William (lines 32-33).]
p. 270A, lines 17-25, dwelling 329, family 329
     17 MCCOY, John 49 [1801] M Farmer $30 TN
     18 " , Absalay 29 [1801] F TN
     19 " , James 20 [1830] M Farmer TN
     20 " , Mary 178 [1833] F TN
     21 " , Elizabeth 13 [1837] F TN
     22 " , John 12 [1838] M TN
     23 " , Jasper 8 [1842] M IL (twin)
     24 " , Newton 8 [1842] M IL (twin)
     25 " , Tillatha 3 [1847] F AR.⁴

Elizabeth McCoy was listed as a resident in John McCoy (Jr.) and Abcillia Olivie Patterson's household in the census report on 18 June 1870 at Richland, Madison Co., Arkansas, USA;      [Same page as his son, William, lines 9-16
p. 424B-425A, lines 40, 1-6, Dwelling 21, Family 21
     40 MCCOY, John 65 [1805] M W Farmer $300 $250 TN
     1 " , Absoley Annie 65 [1805] F W Keeping house NC
     2 " , Talitha E. 21 [1849] F W at home AR
     3 GOAD, Elizabeth 33 [1837] F W house keeping TN
     4 " , John R. 14 [1856] M W AR
     5 " , Newton J. 11 [1859] M W AR
     6 " , Georg W 9 [1861] M W AR.⁵

     John McCoy was born on 25 May 1838 at Tennessee, USA; aged 12 in 1850 census.^1,2 He married Margaret (?) before July 1860.³

John McCoy died in 1911 at Goshen, Washington Co., Arkansas, USA.²
     John McCoy was listed as a resident in John McCoy (Jr.) and Abcillia Olivie Patterson's household in the census report on 22 October 1850 at Richland, Madison Co., Arkansas, USA;      [Same page as his son William (lines 32-33).]
p. 270A, lines 17-25, dwelling 329, family 329
     17 MCCOY, John 49 [1801] M Farmer $30 TN
     18 " , Absalay 29 [1801] F TN
     19 " , James 20 [1830] M Farmer TN
     20 " , Mary 178 [1833] F TN
     21 " , Elizabeth 13 [1837] F TN
     22 " , John 12 [1838] M TN
     23 " , Jasper 8 [1842] M IL (twin)
     24 " , Newton 8 [1842] M IL (twin)
     25 " , Tillatha 3 [1847] F AR.⁴

John McCoy and Margaret (?) appeared in the census of 10 July 1860 at Richland Township, Madison Co., Arkansas, USA; p. 406, lines 39-40, dwelling 430, family 430
     39 MCCOY, John 22 [1838] M Farmer $100 $115 TN Canot Read, Write
     40 " , Margaret 17 [1843] F AR.³

     Jasper McCoy was born between 1842 and 1843 at Illinois, USA; Aged 8 in 1850 census; 17 in 1860 census.^1,2
     Jasper McCoy was listed as a resident in John McCoy (Jr.) and Abcillia Olivie Patterson's household in the census report on 22 October 1850 at Richland, Madison Co., Arkansas, USA;      [Same page as his son William (lines 32-33).]
p. 270A, lines 17-25, dwelling 329, family 329
     17 MCCOY, John 49 [1801] M Farmer $30 TN
     18 " , Absalay 29 [1801] F TN
     19 " , James 20 [1830] M Farmer TN
     20 " , Mary 178 [1833] F TN
     21 " , Elizabeth 13 [1837] F TN
     22 " , John 12 [1838] M TN
     23 " , Jasper 8 [1842] M IL (twin)
     24 " , Newton 8 [1842] M IL (twin)
     25 " , Tillatha 3 [1847] F AR.³

Jasper McCoy was listed as a resident in John McCoy (Jr.) and Abcillia Olivie Patterson's household in the census report on 27 June 1860 at Prairie, Madison Co., Arkansas, USA; p. 373, lines 15-19, Dwelling 216, Family 216
     15 MCCOY, John 60 [1800] M Farmer $160 $450 TN
     16 " , Abecilla 54 [1806] F SC
     17 " , Jasper 17 [1843] M IL
     18 " , Newton 17 [1843] M IL
     19 " , Tabitha 12 [1848] F AR.²

     Newton McCoy was born circa 1842 at Madison Co., Illinois, USA; aged 8 in 1850 census.¹
     Newton McCoy was listed as a resident in John McCoy (Jr.) and Abcillia Olivie Patterson's household in the census report on 22 October 1850 at Richland, Madison Co., Arkansas, USA;      [Same page as his son William (lines 32-33).]
p. 270A, lines 17-25, dwelling 329, family 329
     17 MCCOY, John 49 [1801] M Farmer $30 TN
     18 " , Absalay 29 [1801] F TN
     19 " , James 20 [1830] M Farmer TN
     20 " , Mary 178 [1833] F TN
     21 " , Elizabeth 13 [1837] F TN
     22 " , John 12 [1838] M TN
     23 " , Jasper 8 [1842] M IL (twin)
     24 " , Newton 8 [1842] M IL (twin)
     25 " , Tillatha 3 [1847] F AR.²

Newton McCoy was listed as a resident in John McCoy (Jr.) and Abcillia Olivie Patterson's household in the census report on 27 June 1860 at Prairie, Madison Co., Arkansas, USA; p. 373, lines 15-19, Dwelling 216, Family 216
     15 MCCOY, John 60 [1800] M Farmer $160 $450 TN
     16 " , Abecilla 54 [1806] F SC
     17 " , Jasper 17 [1843] M IL
     18 " , Newton 17 [1843] M IL
     19 " , Tabitha 12 [1848] F AR.³

Newton McCoy began military service between 15 March 1863 and 1865 at Civil War - Union Army, Arkansas, USA, Ancestry.com - U.S., Civil War Soldier Records and Profiles, 1861-1865
     Name:     Newton McCoy
     Residence:     Fayetteville, Arkansas
     Age at Enlistment:     22
     Enlistment Date:     15 Mar 1863
     Rank at enlistment:     Private
     Enlistment Place:     Fayetteville, Arkansas
     State Served:     Arkansas
     Survived the War?:     No
     Service Record:     Enlisted in Company G, Arkansas 1st Infantry Regiment on 15 Mar 1863.Mustered out on 17 Sep 1863 at Madison County, AR.
     Birth Date:     abt 1841
     Sources:     Index to Compiled Military Service Records1st Arkansas Union Infantry - Arkansas Research
     Source Information: Historical Data Systems, comp. U.S., Civil War Soldier Records and Profiles, 1861-1865 [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2009.
     Original data: Data compiled by Historical Data Systems of Kingston, MA from the following list of works.
      Copyright 1997-2009
      Historical Data Systems, Inc.
      PO Box 35
      Duxbury, MA 02331.⁴

     Tillatha McCoy was born circa 1847 at Arkansas, USA; aged 3 in 1850 census.¹ She married George W. Goad before 1866
; According to the 1880 census, their oldest child, Nancy, was born ca 1866 in TX.²
     Tillatha McCoy was listed as a resident in John McCoy (Jr.) and Abcillia Olivie Patterson's household in the census report on 22 October 1850 at Richland, Madison Co., Arkansas, USA;      [Same page as his son William (lines 32-33).]
p. 270A, lines 17-25, dwelling 329, family 329
     17 MCCOY, John 49 [1801] M Farmer $30 TN
     18 " , Absalay 29 [1801] F TN
     19 " , James 20 [1830] M Farmer TN
     20 " , Mary 178 [1833] F TN
     21 " , Elizabeth 13 [1837] F TN
     22 " , John 12 [1838] M TN
     23 " , Jasper 8 [1842] M IL (twin)
     24 " , Newton 8 [1842] M IL (twin)
     25 " , Tillatha 3 [1847] F AR.³

Tillatha McCoy was listed as a resident in John McCoy (Jr.) and Abcillia Olivie Patterson's household in the census report on 27 June 1860 at Prairie, Madison Co., Arkansas, USA; p. 373, lines 15-19, Dwelling 216, Family 216
     15 MCCOY, John 60 [1800] M Farmer $160 $450 TN
     16 " , Abecilla 54 [1806] F SC
     17 " , Jasper 17 [1843] M IL
     18 " , Newton 17 [1843] M IL
     19 " , Tabitha 12 [1848] F AR.⁴

Tillatha McCoy was listed as a resident in John McCoy (Jr.) and Abcillia Olivie Patterson's household in the census report on 18 June 1870 at Richland, Madison Co., Arkansas, USA;      [Same page as his son, William, lines 9-16
p. 424B-425A, lines 40, 1-6, Dwelling 21, Family 21
     40 MCCOY, John 65 [1805] M W Farmer $300 $250 TN
     1 " , Absoley Annie 65 [1805] F W Keeping house NC
     2 " , Talitha E. 21 [1849] F W at home AR
     3 GOAD, Elizabeth 33 [1837] F W house keeping TN
     4 " , John R. 14 [1856] M W AR
     5 " , Newton J. 11 [1859] M W AR
     6 " , Georg W 9 [1861] M W AR.⁵

Tillatha McCoy and George W. Goad appeared in the census of 22 September 1870 at Precinct 3, Hopkins Co., Texas, USA;      [There is a group of unknown CHAPMAN children in their household.]
p. 134-A & 134-B, lines 32-40 & 1, dwelling 309, family 309
     32 GOOD, George 27 [1843] M W Day laborer $355 TN
     33 " , Leah 33 [1837] F W Keeping house NC Cannot Read, Cannot Write
     34 " , Nancy 4 [1866] F W TX
     35 " , George 2 [1868] M W TX
     36 " , James 3/12 [Mar 1870] M W TX
     37 CHAPMAN, Sarah 16 [1854] F W TX Cannot Read, Cannot Write
     38 " , Mary 15 [1855] F W TX Cannot Read, Cannot Write
     39 " , Martha 13 [1857] M W TX Cannot Read, Cannot Write
     40 " , William 11 [1859] M W TX Cannot Read, Cannot Write
     1 " , Abner 8 [1862] M W TX.⁶

Tillatha McCoy and George W. Goad appeared in the census of 28 June 1880 at Richland Township, Madison Co., Tennessee, USA; p. 571-B, lines 4-11, dwelling 199, family 199
     4 GOAD, Geo. W. W M 36 [1844] Self Married farmhand TN VA NC
     5 " , Talitha W F 31 [1849] Wife Married Keps house IL SC TN
     6 " , Nancy Va. W F 14 [1866] Daughter Single Cannot Read Cannot Write TX TN IL
     7 " , Geo. Edward W M 12 [1868] Son Single Cannot Read Cannot Write TX TN IL
     8 " , Albert Lee W M 10 [1870] Son Single TX TN IL
     9 " , Joel Monroe M W 8 [1872] Son Single TX TN IL
     10 " , Columbus L. W M 6 [1874] Son Single AR TN IL
     11 " , Mary Jane W F 2 [1878] Daughter Single AR TN IL.⁷

Tillatha McCoy was listed as a resident in Raymond A. Bedford and Leah A. Goad's household in the census report on 19 April 1910 at Martin Township, Muskogee Co., Oklahoma, USA; p. 2-A, lines 43-49, dwelling 24, family 24
     43 BEDFORD, Romon Head MN W 38 [1872] Married 1x 13yrs AR TN AR Farmer General farm
     44 " , Lee A. Wife F W 29 [1881] Married 1x 13yrs 3-children-born 3-children-living AR AR AR
     45 " , Ruth Daughter F W 12 [1898] Single OK AR AR
     46 " , Harve Son M W 8 [1902] Single TX AR AR
     47 " , Joe Son M W 6 [1904] Single TX AR AR
     48 GOAD, Telitha Mother-in-law F W 61 [1849] Widowed AR USA USA
     47 " , Newt Brother-in-Law M W 17 [1893] Single OK AR AR Farm Laborer working out.⁸

     James McCoy was born circa 1852 at Richland Township, Madison Co., Arkansas, USA; Age 8 in 1860 census; 16 in 1870 census.^1,2
     James McCoy was listed as a resident in William McCoy and Jane Boyd's household in the census report on 7 July 1860 at Richland Township, Madison Co., Arkansas, USA;      [Next door to three BOYD households, who could be his father-in-law and two brothers-in-law.]
p. 403, lines 30-37, dwelling 411, family 411
     30 MCCOY, Wm 25 [1835] M Farmer $300 $75 TN
     31 " , Jane 27 [1833] F TN Cannot Read, Write
     32 " , Elizabeth 10 [1850] F AR
     33 " , James 8 [1852] M AR
     34 " , Polly A 7 [1853] F AR
     35 " , John 5 [1855] M AR
     36 " , Abcilla 3 [1857] F AR
     37 " , Robert 4/12 [Mar 1860] AR.¹

James McCoy was listed as a resident in William McCoy and Jane Boyd's household in the census report on 18 June 1870 at Richland Township, Madison Co., Arkansas, USA;      [Same page as his father, John, line 40.]
p. 424-B, lines 9-16, Dwelling 16, Family 16
     9 MCCOY, William 42 [1828] M W Farmer $500 $400 TN Cannot Write
     10 " , Jane 38 [1832] F W Keeping house TN Cannot Read Cannot Write
     11 " , Elizabeth 19 [1851] F W At home AR Attended School
     12 " , James 16 [1854] M W AR Attended School
     13 " , John 13 [1857] M W AR Attended School
     14 " , Robert 11 [1859] M W AR Attended School
     15 " , Newton 5 [1865] M W AR
     16 " , Thomas G. 2 [1868] M W AR.²

     (?) Goad married Elizabeth McCoy, daughter of John McCoy (Jr.) and Abcillia Olivie Patterson, before 1856
; 1st child born ca 1856.¹
(?) Goad died between 1861 and 1870; last child born 1861; doesn't appear in 1870 census.¹

     John R. Goad was born circa 1856 at Arkansas, USA; aged 14 in 1870 census.¹
     John R. Goad was listed as a resident in John McCoy (Jr.) and Abcillia Olivie Patterson's household in the census report on 18 June 1870 at Richland, Madison Co., Arkansas, USA;      [Same page as his son, William, lines 9-16
p. 424B-425A, lines 40, 1-6, Dwelling 21, Family 21
     40 MCCOY, John 65 [1805] M W Farmer $300 $250 TN
     1 " , Absoley Annie 65 [1805] F W Keeping house NC
     2 " , Talitha E. 21 [1849] F W at home AR
     3 GOAD, Elizabeth 33 [1837] F W house keeping TN
     4 " , John R. 14 [1856] M W AR
     5 " , Newton J. 11 [1859] M W AR
     6 " , Georg W 9 [1861] M W AR.²

     Newton J. Goad was born circa 1859 at Arkansas, USA; aged 11 in 1870 census.¹
     Newton J. Goad was listed as a resident in John McCoy (Jr.) and Abcillia Olivie Patterson's household in the census report on 18 June 1870 at Richland, Madison Co., Arkansas, USA;      [Same page as his son, William, lines 9-16
p. 424B-425A, lines 40, 1-6, Dwelling 21, Family 21
     40 MCCOY, John 65 [1805] M W Farmer $300 $250 TN
     1 " , Absoley Annie 65 [1805] F W Keeping house NC
     2 " , Talitha E. 21 [1849] F W at home AR
     3 GOAD, Elizabeth 33 [1837] F W house keeping TN
     4 " , John R. 14 [1856] M W AR
     5 " , Newton J. 11 [1859] M W AR
     6 " , Georg W 9 [1861] M W AR.²

     Georg W. Goad was born circa 1861 at Arkansas, USA; aged 9 in 1870 census.¹
     Georg W. Goad was listed as a resident in John McCoy (Jr.) and Abcillia Olivie Patterson's household in the census report on 18 June 1870 at Richland, Madison Co., Arkansas, USA;      [Same page as his son, William, lines 9-16
p. 424B-425A, lines 40, 1-6, Dwelling 21, Family 21
     40 MCCOY, John 65 [1805] M W Farmer $300 $250 TN
     1 " , Absoley Annie 65 [1805] F W Keeping house NC
     2 " , Talitha E. 21 [1849] F W at home AR
     3 GOAD, Elizabeth 33 [1837] F W house keeping TN
     4 " , John R. 14 [1856] M W AR
     5 " , Newton J. 11 [1859] M W AR
     6 " , Georg W 9 [1861] M W AR.²

     William McCoy was born in May 1827 at Tennessee, USA; Age 22 in 1850 census.^1,2 He married Jane Boyd in 1850
; Married 50 years per 1900 census, but 1850 census says "Married within the year."^3,4,2
William McCoy died in 1910 at Richland, Madison Co., Arkansas, USA.¹
     William McCoy and Jane Boyd appeared in the census of 22 October 1850 at Richland Township, Madison Co., Arkansas, USA;      [Same page as his father, John (lines 17-25).]
p. 270-A, lines 32-33, dwelling 331, family 331
     32 MCCOY, William 22 [1828] M Farmer TN Married within the year
     33 " , Jane 18 [1832] F TN Married within the year.²

William McCoy and Jane Boyd appeared in the census of 7 July 1860 at Richland Township, Madison Co., Arkansas, USA;      [Next door to three BOYD households, who could be his father-in-law and two brothers-in-law.]
p. 403, lines 30-37, dwelling 411, family 411
     30 MCCOY, Wm 25 [1835] M Farmer $300 $75 TN
     31 " , Jane 27 [1833] F TN Cannot Read, Write
     32 " , Elizabeth 10 [1850] F AR
     33 " , James 8 [1852] M AR
     34 " , Polly A 7 [1853] F AR
     35 " , John 5 [1855] M AR
     36 " , Abcilla 3 [1857] F AR
     37 " , Robert 4/12 [Mar 1860] AR.⁵

William McCoy and Jane Boyd appeared in the census of 18 June 1870 at Richland Township, Madison Co., Arkansas, USA;      [Same page as his father, John, line 40.]
p. 424-B, lines 9-16, Dwelling 16, Family 16
     9 MCCOY, William 42 [1828] M W Farmer $500 $400 TN Cannot Write
     10 " , Jane 38 [1832] F W Keeping house TN Cannot Read Cannot Write
     11 " , Elizabeth 19 [1851] F W At home AR Attended School
     12 " , James 16 [1854] M W AR Attended School
     13 " , John 13 [1857] M W AR Attended School
     14 " , Robert 11 [1859] M W AR Attended School
     15 " , Newton 5 [1865] M W AR
     16 " , Thomas G. 2 [1868] M W AR.⁶

William McCoy and Jane Boyd appeared in the census of 4 June 1900 at Lamar Township, Madison Co., Arkansas, USA; p. 2, lines 94-95, dwelling 35, family 35
     94 MCCOY, William Head W M May 1827 73 Maried 50yrs TN TN TN Farmer
     94 " , Jane Wife W F Mar 1837 63 Married 50yrs 9-children-born 7-children-living TN TN TN.⁴

     Joseph Adams was born in 1756 at Frederick Co., Virginia, USA.¹ He married Mary Wright, daughter of Thomas Wright and Esther Hiatt, on 8 November 1776 at Virginia, USA.¹

Joseph Adams died on 8 March 1839 at Fairfield Monthly Meeting, Highland Co., Ohio, USA; Ancestry.com - U.S., Encyclopedia of American Quaker Genealogy, Vol I–VI, 1607–1943
     Name: Joseph Adams
     Death Date on Image: 04 Third 1839
     Translated Death Date: 4 Mar 1839
     Death Place: Highland, Ohio
     Monthly Meeting: Fairfield Monthly Meeting
     Volume: Encyclopedia of American Quaker Genealogy Vol. V
     Source Information: Ancestry.com. U.S., Encyclopedia of American Quaker Genealogy, Vol I–VI, 1607–1943 [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2013.
     Original data: Hinshaw, William Wade, et al., compilers. Encyclopedia of American Quaker Genealogy. 6 vols. 1936–1950. Reprint, Baltimore, Maryland: Genealogical Publishing Co., 1991–1994.
     Hinshaw, William Wade. Marshall, Thomas Worth, comp. Encyclopedia of American Quaker Genealogy. Supplement to Volume 1. Washington, D.C.: n.p. 1948.^1,2

     William Hunt married Tabitha Underwood.¹

     Tabitha Underwood married William Hunt.¹

     Frances Macon married Daniel Pegram Jr.^1,2
Frances Macon was born in 1718 at New Kent Co., Virginia, USA.²

     Daniel Pegram Jr. married Frances Macon, daughter of John Macon and Ann Hunt.^1,2
Daniel Pegram Jr. was born in 1720.¹
Daniel Pegram Jr. died in 1777.¹

     Gideon Hunt Macon Sr. married Priscilla Jones.²
Gideon Hunt Macon Sr. was born in 1720 at New Kent Co., Virginia, USA.¹
Gideon Hunt Macon Sr. died on 20 December 1761 at Granville Co., North Carolina, USA.¹
Gideon Hunt Macon Sr. was buried after 20 December 1761 at Jones Cemetery, Granville Co., North Carolina, USA; from Find A Grave website:
Birth: 1720, New Kent County, Virginia, USA
Death: Dec. 20, 1761, Granville County, North Carolina, USA

Gideon and Priscilla (Jones) Macon, Sr. resided at "Macon Manor" in Granville Co., NC.

Son of John and Anne (Hunt) Macon

Husband of Priscilla (Jones) Macon ~ married 1744, Granville Co., NC

Their children were ...
1. Maj. John Macon "RWS" (m. Joanna Tabb)
2. Martha "Pattie" Macon (m. Joseph Seawell)
3. Sarah "Sallie" Macon (m. Col. John Hawkins)
4. Harrison Macon (m. Hannah Glenn)
5. Gideon Hunt Macon, Jr. (m. Mary "Polly" Greene)
6. Nathaniel Macon, Congressman, Senator and House of Representative, #9559320 (m. Hannah Plummer, #120543339)
7. Anne Hunt Macon (m. Capt. John Gideon Alston)
8. Mary Macon

Family links:
Parents:
John Macon (1695 - 1752)
Anne Hunt Macon (____ - 1724)

Spouse: Priscilla Jones Macon (1729 - 1802)*

Children:
Ann Hunt Macon Alston*
John Macon (1755 - 1828)*

Sibling:
Frances Macon Pegram*
Gideon Hunt Macon (1720 - 1761)

Burial: Jones Cemetery, Granville County, North Carolina, USA

Created by: Georgia Girl
Record added: Mar 20, 2011
Find A Grave Memorial# 67176856.¹

     Priscilla Jones married Gideon Hunt Macon Sr., son of John Macon and Ann Hunt.¹
Priscilla Jones was born in 1729 at Isle of Wight Co., Virginia, USA.¹
Priscilla Jones died on 9 March 1802 at Roanoke Rapids, Halifax Co., North Carolina, USA.¹
Priscilla Jones was buried after 9 March 1802 at Jones Cemetery, Granville Co., North Carolina, USA; from Find A Grave website:
Birth: 1729, Isle of Wight County, Virginia, USA
Death: Mar. 9, 1802, Roanoke Rapids, Halifax County
North Carolina, USA

Priscilla (Jones) and Gideon Hunt Macon, Sr., resided at "Macon Manor", Granville Co., NC.

Daughter of Edward (III) and Abigail (Sugars) Jones

Married 1st....Wife of Gideon Hunt Macon, Sr. ~ married ca. 1744, Granville Co., NC

Their children were ...
1. Maj. John Macon, "RWS" (m. Joanna Tabb)
2. Martha "Pattie" Macon (m. Joseph Seawell)
3. Sarah "Sallie" Macon (m. Col. John Hawkins)
4. Harrison Macon (m. Hannah Glenn)
5. Gideon Hunt Macon Jr. (m. Mary Greene)
6. Nathaniel Macon, Congressman, Senator and House of Representative, #9559320 (m. Hannah Plummer, #120543339)
7. Anne Hunt Macon (m. Capt. John Gideon Alston)
8. Mary Macon

Married 2nd.... Wife of James Ransom ~ married 1763, VA

Their children were ...
1. Elizabeth "Betsy" Jones Ransom (m. George William Plummer, Jr.)
2. William Ransom (m. Rebecca Tabb)
3. Abigail Ransom (m. Joseph Parsons)
4. Hixie (m. Marmaduke Johnson)
5. Drucilla Ransom (m. Frank Thornton)
6. Seymour Ransom (m. Burchette Green)

Family links:
Parents:
Edward Jones (1695 - 1750)
Abigail Shugan Jones-Cook (1702 - 1791)

Spouse: Gideon Hunt Macon (1720 - 1761)

Children:
Ann Hunt Macon Alston*
John Macon (1755 - 1828)*

Siblings:
Sugan Jones*
Priscilla Jones Macon (1729 - 1802)
James David Jones (1730 - 1777)*

Burial: Jones Cemetery, Granville County, North Carolina, USA

Created by: Georgia Girl
Record added: Mar 20, 2011
Find A Grave Memorial# 67177307.¹

     Capt. Nathaniel West was born in 1665 at King William Co., Virginia, USA.¹ He married Martha Woodward, daughter of William Woodward and Martha West, after 1701
; her 2nd husband; her 1st husband died in 1701.^1,2
Capt. Nathaniel West died on 30 October 1723 at New Kent Co., Virginia, USA.¹
Capt. Nathaniel West was buried after 30 October 1723 at Unknown ; from Find A Grave website:
Birth: 1665, King William County, Virginia, USA
Death: Oct. 30, 1723, New Kent County, Virginia, USA

Nathaniel West was the son of John West, Jr. and Ursala "Unity" (Croshaw) West.

Capt. Nathaniel West married Mrs. Gideon Macon (nee Martha Woodward).

Capt. Nathaniel West died sometime after 30 OCT 1723.

Family links:
Parents:
John West (1632 - 1689)
Ursala Croshaw West (1636 - 1669)

Spouse: Martha Woodward West (1660 - ____)

Children:
Unity West Dandridge (1700 - 1753)*

Sibling:
Ann West Fox (1660 - 1708)**
Nathaniel West (1665 - 1723)

Burial: Unknown

Created by: Ken Oliver
Record added: Nov 15, 2009
Find A Grave Memorial# 44338520.¹

     Levin Lewis Covey was born in 1776 at Caroline Co., Maryland, USA.¹
Levin Lewis Covey died on 29 September 1842 at Hardin Co., Tennessee, USA.¹
Levin Lewis Covey was buried after 29 September 1842 at Unknown location ; from Find A Grave website:
Birth:      1776, Caroline County, Maryland, USA
Death:      Sep. 29, 1842, Hardin County, Tennessee, USA

Levin Lewis Covey was born in 1776 in Caroline County, Maryland, the son of William Covey Sr. and Rebeckah Fleming Covey. He married Sara Edwards on October 08, 1798 in Guilford County, North Carolina.
They were the parents of 11 children.
1. William Wilkinson Covey b: 9 JUL 1799 in Guilford County, North Carolina
2. Sarah Covey b: 1803
3. Mary (Polly) Covey b: ABT 1804
4. Rebecca Covey b: 1805 in Guilford County, North Carolina
5. Edward S. W. Covey b: 1805 in Guilford County, North Carolina
6. Noble Wesley Covey b: 25 OCT 1808
7. Archibald Downing Covey b: 26 AUG 1811 in Guilford County, North Carolina
8. Jane Davis Covey b: 1814 in Guilford County, North Carolina
9. G. Jove Dovie Covey b: 1814
10. Elijah W Covey b: 1820
11. Levin Green Covey b: 1820 in Hardin County, Tennessee

He moved his family to Maury County, Tennessee around 1816, as a circuit rider, along with two other men. Levin bought land from his father William, who had moved there earlier, and Levin built the first Methodist Church in the area.

He died on September 29, 1842, Hardin County, Tennessee.
__________________________________________________________________________ _.

The following is a Quit Claim dated; 23 May 1843 from Levin's children:.

This indenture witnesseth that we, Sara Covey and William W. Covey of hardin Co., Tennessee, Edward S. Covey of the said County, Noble W. Covey, of the said County, Leven Green W. Covey of the said County, Joshua Jones and Jane D., his wife, Mary Covey, all of said County, rebecca Matthews, wife of John Matthews, and John Matthews himself of Maury Co., Tennessee. Elijah W. Covey of said Maury Co., all heirs and distributors Leven Covey, deceased and in consideration of $5.00 to them in hand paid a Frances T. Moody of Maury Co., Tennessee the receipt whereof is hereby acknowledged of this bargained, sold and quit claimed and hereby sell and quit claim to the said Frances T. a certain tract of land lying in Maury Co., Tennessee, it being a tract of land left by William T. Matthews deceased by his last will and testament to his daughter, Margaret Ann who has inter married with say by said Archibald D. Covey and it being the same tract conveyed by said Archibald and Margaret Ann, his wife, to said Frances T. to have and to hold the said land and all appurtenances to said Frances T. his heirs and distributors Leven Covey, decesased and in consideration of $5.00 to them in hand paid by Frances T. Moody of Maury Co., Tennessee the receipt whereof is hereby sell and quit calim to the said Frances T. Moody a certain tract ofland lying in Maury Co., Tennessee tobe a tract of land left by W. T. Matthews, deceased by his alst will and testament, his daughter, Margaret Ann who has inter married with our brother, Archibald D. Covey and it being the same tract conveyed by said Archibald and Margaret Ann, his wife, to said Frances T. to have and to hold the said land and all appurtenances to said Frances T. his heirs and assigned for ever. The testimony whereof we have hereto set our hands and seals this 4th day of March, 1843..

E.S. Covey
William W. Covey
Noble W. Covey
L.G.W. Covey
Sara Covey
Joshua Jones
Jane D. Jones
Mary D. Covey
Rebecca Matthews
John Matthews
Elijah W. Covey.
.
1842 WILL OF LEVIN L. COVEY
Including Inventory & Sale
Hardin Co., Tennessee
Book B, Pgs. 447/48; Roll #27.

In the name of God amen I Leven L. Covey of the County of Hardin and State of Tennessee being sick of body and weak but in perfect mind and memory do make and decree this my last will and testament. First of all do commit my soul to God who gave it--my body to be duried in Christian form is my will and desire that all my just debts....

Item 1st do give and bequeath to my beloved wife Sarah Covey and also my daughter Mary the land wherein I now live also the occupant adjoining of one hundred acres also one pony mare to my beloved wife the _______mare to my daughter Mary also two choice cows and calves out of my stock; also all the stock of hogs on the place and sheep and all the poutry; also all the household furniture to my beloved wife and daughter Mary for their use and disposal; also all the farming utensils necessary for the support of the farm..

Items the 2nd do give and bequeath to my son Levin G. W. Covey $50 when it can be raised from my estate when wound up..

Items 3rd - also give and bequeath to my grandson Levin Edward Covey one yearling colt and one bed and furniture, one rifle gun called the Dixon gun; also one heifer, his choice..

Items 4th - I also do give and bequeath to my beloved wife and daughter Mary all the crop that is now on the farm and hands for their own use and benefit..

Items 5th and last it is my wish that the balance of my sack be sold any my debts be paid and the over plus be equally divided amongst all my bodily heirs and my grandson Levin Edward Covey. Last of all I appoint my trusty friends Joshua Jones and Noble Covey to be executers of this my last will and testament and all other wills and testament and do affirm and decree this to be my last will given under my hand and seal this 21st day of September, 1842..

Levin L. Covey (Seal).

Jesse Plummer/Andrew (XX) White/Wm. O. Fleming.

LEVEN L. COVEY, Deceased, Inventory and Sale.

1 cow & calf-- Sarah Covey
1 p. bull-- Jason Paulk
2 steers-- Sarah Covey
1 red heife-- Noble W. Covey
2 bee gums-- Sarah Covey
1 small bull-- Noble W. Covey
1 " "-- Ensley Plummer
1 " "-- E. S. Covey
1 " "- -Charles Paris
1 " "-- E. Harbour
1 " "-- Joshua Jones
1 " "-- Charles Pam
1 cythe __ -- James Kisk
1 whiskey barrel-- Joshua Jones
1 lot of ____-- Wm. O. Fleming
1 shobel plow-- E. S. Covey
singleton____-- L. G. W. Covey
1 man's saddle-- Wm. W. Covey
1 g. plow -- Charles Pam
1 pair streachers-- John Kizer
1 adds.-- John Allen
1 mattock-- Avery Bevins
1 tack s.-- N. W. Covey
2 single______-- John Kize
r 1 log saw --Joshua Jones
1 stine hammer-- Thompson Hunt
1 pr. ______--Matthew Allen
1 waggon -- Daniel Smith
1 bay mare-- Edward S. Covey
1 exile stud horse-- Benton Richardson
1 half bushel-- Thompson Hunt
1 gal. Brandy-- Matthew Allen
1 lot brandy-- Andrew Waggoner
1 shotgun -- Matthew Allen
1 lot britching-- Jason Paulk
2 dictionaries-- James W. Cantrell
1 concordance-- Noble W. Covey
1 hymn on the Psalms-- Noble W. Covey
1 conversation-- Ensley Plummer
1 Wesley's Notes-- Archibald Covey
2 books-- Charles Paris
2 books-- J. W. Cantrell
1 map-- James M. Fall
1 dictionary-- James Kisk
1 log chair-- Sarah Covey
1 berkshire hog-- Noble W. Covey
6 sheep-- Noble W. Covey
(This hog and 6 sheep kept by the widow in the will).

Cash on hand at intestators death - $2.25
1_______ A. D. Covey for 30.00
1 note ______ N. W. Covey for 4.00
Rec'd of E. S. Covey on note - 12.00
Rec'd of Thompson Hunt - $69.12
Total sale & inventory - $315.27.

The foregoing is a perfect inventory of all the notes and property belonging to the estate of L. L. Covey, deceased, not included in this last will and testament that's come under my knowledge or the knowledge of any other person for me. I reserve the right of making a further return hereafter given under my hand this 5th day of December, 1842. /s/ Noble W. Covey, Executer.

William Covey & wife Deed to John Denkins
Guilford Co., North Carolina
Book 9, Pg. 282; August, 1807.

This indenture made this twenty-fifth day of October in the year of our Lord one thousand and eight hundred and six by and between William Covey and Rebeckah his wife of the County of Guilford and State of North Carolina of the one part and John Denkins of the County of Waik [sp. Wake] of the other part witnesseth that the said William Covey and Rebeckah his wife for and in consideration of the sum of three hundred and twenty one pounds five shillings currant money of North Carolina to them paid by the said John Denkins at or before the sealing and deliverying of these presents the receipt whereof they the said William Covey and his wife Rebeckah his wife doth hereby fully acknowledge hath given granted bargained sold aliened enfeoffed released and confirmed and by these presents doth give grant bargain sell alien enfeoff release and confirm unto the said John Denkins his heirs and assigns forever a certain tract or parcel of land situate lying and being in the county of Guilford and State of North Carolina and on the waters of the Redyfork of Haw River beginning at Edward Weatherbys south east corner post oak thence along his line east twenty four poles to James Browns north west corner two post oaks thence along his line north one hundred and thirty four poles to his corner black oak thence along his line east ninety eight poles to a grub thence north to the first station containing two hundred and fifty seven acres nineteen porches of land together with the provision and provisions remainder and remainders rents issues and services thereunto belonging to have and to hold the aforesaid granted two hundred and fifty seven acres and nineteen porches with the appurtenances and all the rates privileges and improvements to the same in anywise belonging to him the said John Denkins his heirs and assigns forever and the said William Covey and Rebeckah his wife for themselves and for their heirs executors and administrators doth hereby covenant and agree to and with the said John Denkins that the said John denkins his heirs and assigns shall and may forever hereafter peaceably and quietly have hold occupy and possess and enjoy the aforesaid land and premises without the lett or molestation of any person whatsoever free and clear from all manner of incumbrances whatsoever and he the said William Covey and Rebeckah his wife doth oblige themselves their heirs and executors and administrators to warrant and forever defend the aforesaid bargained land and premises to the said John Denkins his heirs and assigns forever against the claim or claims of all manner of persons whatsoever legally or lawfully claiming in witness whereof the said William Covey and Rebeckah his wife have hereunto set their hands and affixed their seals the day and year above written signed sealed and delivered..

Guilford County, State of North Carolina;
August 1807 Court.

WILLIAM COVEY/REBECKAH COVEY.

James Brogdon proved the execution in the presence of us of the within deed in open court and on motion ordered to be registered - Howel Parker James Brogdon.

Land Grant to William Covey from State of North Carolina
May 16, 1787; Book 4, Pg. 100; Greeting 1387
257 acres on north side of Redyfork, Guilford County.

A grant from the State of North Carolina to William Covey. To all to whom these presents shall come Greeting No. 1387. Know ye that we for and consideration of the sum of fifty shillings for every hundred acres hereby granted paid into our treasury by William Covey have given to be granted by these presents do give to be granted to William Covey a tract of land containing two hundred and fifty seven acres lying and being in our County of Guilford on the north side of the Redyfork. Beginning at Edward Witherleys south east corner post Oak sapling on a level turning then along his line west crossing three branches three hundred and twenty poles to his corner post Oak then the same course two poles in all three hundred and twenty two poles to a white oak in Robert Rusels line thence south twenty three poles to a red oak thence west crossing a branch fourteen poles to a post oak thence south down a branch crossing the same sundry times one hundred and nine poles to white oak thence east to and along James Boyds line one hundred and sixty four poles to his corner post oak thence along his line south sixty poles to his corner post oak thence along his line east seventy four poles to James Browns north west corner to post oaks thence along his line north one hundred and thirty four poles to his corner black oak thence along his line east ninety eight poles to agrulz(?) thence north to the first station as by the plat hereunto annexed doth appear together with all woods waters mines minerals hereinto and appurtenances to the said land belonging or appurtaining to hold to the said William Covey his heirs and assigns forever yielding and paying to us such sums of money yearly or otherwise as our general assembly from time to time may direct provided always that the said William Covey shall cause this grant to be registered in the Register's Office of our said County of Guilford within twelve months from the date hereof otherwise the same shall be his and of none effect in testimony whereof we have caused these our letters to be made patent and our great seal to be hereunto affixed witness Richard Caswell Esquire and Governor Captain General and Commander in Chief at Kinston the 16th day of May in the eleventh year of our Independence and in the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and eighty seven..

By His Excellence___________________________.

NOTE: Have a Levin E. Covey age 63 born in Tn. living in Obion Co., Tn. as a boarder from 1900 to 1910, supposedly was lawyer. Checked and doesn't fit into any of the Coveys from William's line. Has to guess that the age is off, and even with that, there's only one possible person it could be, and that's the Levin L. E. Covey born 1842, son of Levin Green Wesley Covey. Will check more..

The following info was provided by John Thompson:.
May 5, 1843 Hardin Co., Tn. Levin L. Covey was licensed to preach in the Methodist church in 1809 Guilford Co., NC. Moved to Maury Co., TN around 1819, following his father, William Covey, Sr. and several of his brothers. Moved into Hardin Co., TN around 1837..

Family links:
Parents:
William Covey (1748 - 1839)
Rebeckah Fleming Covey (1740 - 1833)

Spouse: Sara Jane Edwards Covey (1780 - 1865)*

Children:
Noble Wesley Covey (1808 - 1899)*
Archibald Downing Covey (1811 - 1885)*

Sibling:
Leven Lewis Covey (1776 - 1842)
Russell Ray Covey (1788 - 1862)*

Burial:
Unknown

Created by: Simmons Family
Record added: Nov 09, 2011
Find A Grave Memorial# 80150843.¹

     Russell Ray Covey Sr. married Rachel E. Davis.²
Russell Ray Covey Sr. was born on 15 January 1788 at Guilford Co., North Carolina, USA.¹
Russell Ray Covey Sr. died on 7 June 1862 at Hardin Co., Tennessee, USA, at age 74.¹
Russell Ray Covey Sr. was buried after 7 June 1862 at Covey Cemetery, Hardin Co., Tennessee, USA; from Find A Grave website:
Birth:      Jan. 15, 1788, Guilford County, North Carolina, USA
Death:      Jun. 7, 1862, Hardin County, Tennessee, USA

Fought in the War of 1812

Family links:
Parents:
William Covey (1748 - 1839)
Rebeckah Fleming Covey (1740 - 1833)

Spouse: Rachel E Davis Covey (1792 - 1866)

Children:
John Thomas Covey (1818 - 1879)*
Russell Ray Covey (1827 - 1898)*

Sibling:
Leven Lewis Covey (1776 - 1842)*
Russell Ray Covey (1788 - 1862)

Burial: Covey Cemetery, Hardin County, Tennessee, USA

Created by: Charlotte Covey
Record added: Sep 13, 2010
Find A Grave Memorial# 58571285.¹

     Rachel E. Davis married Russell Ray Covey Sr., son of William Covey Sr. and Rebekka Flemming.¹
Rachel E. Davis was born in 1792.¹
Rachel E. Davis was buried in 1866 at Covey Cemetery, Hardin Co., Tennessee, USA; from Find A Grave website.¹
Rachel E. Davis died in 1866 at Hardin Co., Tennessee, USA.¹

     Noble Covey was born in 1763 at Caroline Co., Maryland, USA; Ancestry cite gives no source fo date or place of birth.^1,2 He married Mary Dougherty on 11 March 1793 at Guilford Co., North Carolina, USA,
; Ancestry.com - North Carolina, Marriage Index, 1741-2004
     Name: Mary Dougherty
     Spouse: Noble Cavey
     Marriage Date: 11 Mar 1793
     Marriage County: Guilford
     Marriage State: North Carolina
     Source: Family History Library, Salt Lake City, UT
     Source Citation: Data Source: County Court Records - FHL # 0536823-0536828
     Source Information: Ancestry.com. North Carolina, Marriage Index, 1741-2004 [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2007.
     Original data:
     •Dodd, Jordan, Liahona Research, comp. (P.O. Box 740, Orem, Utah 84059) from county marriage records on microfilm located at the Family History Library in Salt Lake City, Utah, in published books cataloged by the Library of Congress, or county records in possession of the individual county clerks or courthouses.
     •North Carolina State Archives. North Carolina County Marriage Indexes. North Carolina State Archives, Raleigh, North Carolina.
     •North Carolina State Center for Health Statistics. North Carolina Marriage Index, 1962-2004. North Carolina State Center for Health Statistics, Raleigh, North Carolina.
- * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - *
Ancestry.com - North Carolina, Marriage Bonds, 1741-1868
     Name: Noble Covey
     Gender: Male
     Spouse: Mary Dougherty
     Spouse Gender: Female
     Bond Date: 11 Mar 1793
     Bond #: 000054088
     Level Info: North Carolina Marriage Bonds, 1741-1868
     ImageNum: 002208
     County: Guilford
     Record #: 01 071
     Bondsman: John Dougherty
     Witness: Jno. Hamilton
     Source Information: Ancestry.com. North Carolina, Marriage Bonds, 1741-1868 [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2000.
     Original data: State of North Carolina. An Index to Marriage Bonds Filed in the North Carolina State Archives. Raleigh, NC, USA: North Carolina Division of Archives and History, 1977.^3,4
Noble Covey died in 1848 at Lee Co., Virginia, USA; Ancestry cite gives no source fo date or place of death.^1,2
     Noble Covey appeared in the census of 1778 at Choptank Hundred, Caroline Co., Maryland, USA; Ancestry.com - Maryland, Compiled Census and Census Substitutes Index, 1772-1890
     Name: Noble Covey
     State: MD
     County: Caroline County
     Township: Choptank Hundred
     Year: 1778
     Record Type: Fidelity Oath
     Database: MD Early Census Index
     Source Information: Ancestry.com. Maryland, Compiled Census and Census Substitutes Index, 1772-1890 [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 1999.
     Original data: Jackson, Ron V., Accelerated Indexing Systems, comp.. Maryland Census, 1772-1890. Compiled and digitized by Mr. Jackson and AIS from microfilmed schedules of the U.S. Federal Decennial Census, territorial/state censuses, and/or census substitutes.⁵

Noble Covey appeared in the census of 1790 at Rowan Co., North Carolina, USA; p. 320, line 5
     Name:     Noble Covey
     Home in 1790 (City, County, State):     Rowan, North Carolina
     Free White Persons - Males - Under 16:     2
     Free White Persons - Males - 16 and over:     1
     Free White Persons - Females:     4
     Number of Household Members:     7.⁶

Noble Covey and Mary Dougherty appeared in the census of 7 August 1820 at Lee Co., Virginia, USA; p. 127A, line 4
     Name:     Noble Covy
     Home in 1820 (City, County, State):     Lee, Virginia
     Enumeration Date:     August 7, 1820
     Free White Persons - Males - 10 thru 15:     2
     Free White Persons - Males - 16 thru 18:     2
     Free White Persons - Males - 16 thru 25:     3
     Free White Persons - Males - 45 and over:     1
     Free White Persons - Females - Under 10:     1
     Free White Persons - Females - 45 and over :     1
     Number of Persons - Engaged in Agriculture:     3
     Number of Persons - Engaged in Manufactures:     1
     Free White Persons - Under 16:     3
     Free White Persons - Over 25:     2
     Total Free White Persons:     8
     Total All Persons - White, Slaves, Colored, Other:     8
     Source Citation: 1820 U S Census; Census Place: Lee, Virginia; Page: 127A; NARA Roll: M33_130; Image: 244
     Source Information: Ancestry.com. 1820 United States Federal Census [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2010. Images reproduced by FamilySearch.
     Original data: Fourth Census of the United States, 1820. (NARA microfilm publication M33, 142 rolls). Records of the Bureau of the Census, Record Group 29. National Archives, Washington, D.C.⁷

Noble Covey and Mary Dougherty appeared in the census of 1830 at Lee Co., Virginia, USA; p. 295, line 11
     Name:     Noble Covy
     Home in 1830 (City, County, State):     Lee, Virginia
     Free White Persons - Males - 10 thru 14:     1
     Free White Persons - Males - 15 thru 19:     1
     Free White Persons - Males - 20 thru 29:     1
     Free White Persons - Males - 60 thru 69:     1
     Free White Persons - Females - 15 thru 19:     1
     Free White Persons - Females - 60 thru 69:     1
     Free White Persons - Under 20:     3
     Free White Persons - 20 thru 49:     1
     Total Free White Persons:     6
     Total - All Persons (Free White, Slaves, Free Colored):     6.⁸

     Mary Dougherty married Noble Covey, son of William Covey Sr. and Rebekka Flemming, on 11 March 1793 at Guilford Co., North Carolina, USA,
; Ancestry.com - North Carolina, Marriage Index, 1741-2004
     Name: Mary Dougherty
     Spouse: Noble Cavey
     Marriage Date: 11 Mar 1793
     Marriage County: Guilford
     Marriage State: North Carolina
     Source: Family History Library, Salt Lake City, UT
     Source Citation: Data Source: County Court Records - FHL # 0536823-0536828
     Source Information: Ancestry.com. North Carolina, Marriage Index, 1741-2004 [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2007.
     Original data:
     •Dodd, Jordan, Liahona Research, comp. (P.O. Box 740, Orem, Utah 84059) from county marriage records on microfilm located at the Family History Library in Salt Lake City, Utah, in published books cataloged by the Library of Congress, or county records in possession of the individual county clerks or courthouses.
     •North Carolina State Archives. North Carolina County Marriage Indexes. North Carolina State Archives, Raleigh, North Carolina.
     •North Carolina State Center for Health Statistics. North Carolina Marriage Index, 1962-2004. North Carolina State Center for Health Statistics, Raleigh, North Carolina.
- * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - *
Ancestry.com - North Carolina, Marriage Bonds, 1741-1868
     Name: Noble Covey
     Gender: Male
     Spouse: Mary Dougherty
     Spouse Gender: Female
     Bond Date: 11 Mar 1793
     Bond #: 000054088
     Level Info: North Carolina Marriage Bonds, 1741-1868
     ImageNum: 002208
     County: Guilford
     Record #: 01 071
     Bondsman: John Dougherty
     Witness: Jno. Hamilton
     Source Information: Ancestry.com. North Carolina, Marriage Bonds, 1741-1868 [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2000.
     Original data: State of North Carolina. An Index to Marriage Bonds Filed in the North Carolina State Archives. Raleigh, NC, USA: North Carolina Division of Archives and History, 1977.^1,2
     Mary Dougherty and Noble Covey appeared in the census of 7 August 1820 at Lee Co., Virginia, USA; p. 127A, line 4
     Name:     Noble Covy
     Home in 1820 (City, County, State):     Lee, Virginia
     Enumeration Date:     August 7, 1820
     Free White Persons - Males - 10 thru 15:     2
     Free White Persons - Males - 16 thru 18:     2
     Free White Persons - Males - 16 thru 25:     3
     Free White Persons - Males - 45 and over:     1
     Free White Persons - Females - Under 10:     1
     Free White Persons - Females - 45 and over :     1
     Number of Persons - Engaged in Agriculture:     3
     Number of Persons - Engaged in Manufactures:     1
     Free White Persons - Under 16:     3
     Free White Persons - Over 25:     2
     Total Free White Persons:     8
     Total All Persons - White, Slaves, Colored, Other:     8
     Source Citation: 1820 U S Census; Census Place: Lee, Virginia; Page: 127A; NARA Roll: M33_130; Image: 244
     Source Information: Ancestry.com. 1820 United States Federal Census [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2010. Images reproduced by FamilySearch.
     Original data: Fourth Census of the United States, 1820. (NARA microfilm publication M33, 142 rolls). Records of the Bureau of the Census, Record Group 29. National Archives, Washington, D.C.³

Mary Dougherty and Noble Covey appeared in the census of 1830 at Lee Co., Virginia, USA; p. 295, line 11
     Name:     Noble Covy
     Home in 1830 (City, County, State):     Lee, Virginia
     Free White Persons - Males - 10 thru 14:     1
     Free White Persons - Males - 15 thru 19:     1
     Free White Persons - Males - 20 thru 29:     1
     Free White Persons - Males - 60 thru 69:     1
     Free White Persons - Females - 15 thru 19:     1
     Free White Persons - Females - 60 thru 69:     1
     Free White Persons - Under 20:     3
     Free White Persons - 20 thru 49:     1
     Total Free White Persons:     6
     Total - All Persons (Free White, Slaves, Free Colored):     6.⁴

     George Covey was born between 1769 and 1770 at Guilford Co., North Carolina, USA; Ancestry family trees vary on the date of birth, but none of these seem to cite any sources to document the date or place or birth.^1,2 He married Lena "Lewey Aydelott in 1788 at Guilford Co., North Carolina, USA.³

George Covey died in 1850 at Guilford Co., North Carolina, USA; Ancestry family trees vary on the date of death - some saying 1801, some saying 1850, but none of these seem to cite any sources to document the date or place or death.^1,2
     George Covey and Lena "Lewey Aydelott appeared in the census of 1790 at Guilford Co., North Carolina, USA; p. 494, column 3, line 21
     Name:     George Covey
     Home in 1790 (City, County, State):     Guilford, North Carolina
     Free White Persons - Males - Under 16:     1
     Free White Persons - Males - 16 and over:     1
     Free White Persons - Females:     3
     Number of Household Members:     5.⁴

George Covey and Lena "Lewey Aydelott appeared in the census of 1810 at Greensboro, Guilford Co., North Carolina, USA; [Note: Ages seem a little old for George and Lena]
p. 985, line 16
     Home in 1810 (City, County, State):     Greensboro, Guilford, North Carolina
     Free White Persons - Males - Under 10:     1
     Free White Persons - Males - 10 thru 15:     2
     Free White Persons - Males - 45 and over:     1
     Free White Persons - Females - Under 10:     3
     Free White Persons - Females - 10 thru 15:     2
     Free White Persons - Females - 16 thru 25:     1
     Free White Persons - Females - 45 and over :     1
     Number of Household Members Under 16:     8
     Number of Household Members Over 25:     2
     Number of Household Members:     11.⁵

     Lena "Lewey Aydelott was born circa 1774 at Somerset Co., Maryland, USA; aged 76 in 1850 census.^1,2 She married George Covey, son of William Covey Sr. and Rebekka Flemming, in 1788 at Guilford Co., North Carolina, USA.¹

Lena "Lewey Aydelott died after 13 August 1850 at Lee Co., Virginia, USA; She seems to be in the 1850 census (aged 76.)^1,2
     Lena "Lewey Aydelott and George Covey appeared in the census of 1790 at Guilford Co., North Carolina, USA; p. 494, column 3, line 21
     Name:     George Covey
     Home in 1790 (City, County, State):     Guilford, North Carolina
     Free White Persons - Males - Under 16:     1
     Free White Persons - Males - 16 and over:     1
     Free White Persons - Females:     3
     Number of Household Members:     5.³

Lena "Lewey Aydelott and George Covey appeared in the census of 1810 at Greensboro, Guilford Co., North Carolina, USA; [Note: Ages seem a little old for George and Lena]
p. 985, line 16
     Home in 1810 (City, County, State):     Greensboro, Guilford, North Carolina
     Free White Persons - Males - Under 10:     1
     Free White Persons - Males - 10 thru 15:     2
     Free White Persons - Males - 45 and over:     1
     Free White Persons - Females - Under 10:     3
     Free White Persons - Females - 10 thru 15:     2
     Free White Persons - Females - 16 thru 25:     1
     Free White Persons - Females - 45 and over :     1
     Number of Household Members Under 16:     8
     Number of Household Members Over 25:     2
     Number of Household Members:     11.⁴

Lena "Lewey Aydelott appeared in the census of 13 August 1850 at Southern Division, Guilford Co., North Carolina, USA; p. 289B, line 31, Dwelling 19, Family 19
     31 COVEY, Lewy 76 [1774] MD? (state is crossed out with NC apparently underneath.)²

     Sarah Covey was born in 1771 at Caroline Co., Maryland, USA.¹ She married Joseph John Fleming on 8 July 1799 at Guilford Co., North Carolina, USA,
; Ancestry.com - North Carolina, Marriage Index, 1741-2004
     Name: Sarah Covey
     Spouse: Joseph Fleming
     Marriage Date: 8 Jul 1799
     Marriage State: North Carolina
     Source Information: Ancestry.com. North Carolina, Marriage Index, 1741-2004 [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2007.
     Original data:
     •Dodd, Jordan, Liahona Research, comp. (P.O. Box 740, Orem, Utah 84059) from county marriage records on microfilm located at the Family History Library in Salt Lake City, Utah, in published books cataloged by the Library of Congress, or county records in possession of the individual county clerks or courthouses.
     •North Carolina State Archives. North Carolina County Marriage Indexes. North Carolina State Archives, Raleigh, North Carolina.
     •North Carolina State Center for Health Statistics. North Carolina Marriage Index, 1962-2004. North Carolina State Center for Health Statistics, Raleigh, North Carolina.
* - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * -* - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * -
Ancestry.com - North Carolina, Marriage Bonds, 1741-1868
     Name: Sarah Covey
     Gender: Female
     Spouse: Joseph Fleming
     Spouse Gender: Male
     Bond Date: 8 Jul 1799
     Bond #: 000055272
     Level Info: North Carolina Marriage Bonds, 1741-1868
     ImageNum: 001780
     County: Guilford
     Record #: 01 143
     Bondsman: Robert Daughert
     Witness: Joseph Davis
     Source Information: Ancestry.com. North Carolina, Marriage Bonds, 1741-1868 [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2000.
     Original data: State of North Carolina. An Index to Marriage Bonds Filed in the North Carolina State Archives. Raleigh, NC, USA: North Carolina Division of Archives and History, 1977.^2,3
Sarah Covey died in 1869 at Maury Co., Tennessee, USA.¹

     Joseph John Fleming was born in 1770 at Guilford Co., North Carolina, USA.² He married Sarah Covey, daughter of William Covey Sr. and Rebekka Flemming, on 8 July 1799 at Guilford Co., North Carolina, USA,
; Ancestry.com - North Carolina, Marriage Index, 1741-2004
     Name: Sarah Covey
     Spouse: Joseph Fleming
     Marriage Date: 8 Jul 1799
     Marriage State: North Carolina
     Source Information: Ancestry.com. North Carolina, Marriage Index, 1741-2004 [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2007.
     Original data:
     •Dodd, Jordan, Liahona Research, comp. (P.O. Box 740, Orem, Utah 84059) from county marriage records on microfilm located at the Family History Library in Salt Lake City, Utah, in published books cataloged by the Library of Congress, or county records in possession of the individual county clerks or courthouses.
     •North Carolina State Archives. North Carolina County Marriage Indexes. North Carolina State Archives, Raleigh, North Carolina.
     •North Carolina State Center for Health Statistics. North Carolina Marriage Index, 1962-2004. North Carolina State Center for Health Statistics, Raleigh, North Carolina.
* - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * -* - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * -
Ancestry.com - North Carolina, Marriage Bonds, 1741-1868
     Name: Sarah Covey
     Gender: Female
     Spouse: Joseph Fleming
     Spouse Gender: Male
     Bond Date: 8 Jul 1799
     Bond #: 000055272
     Level Info: North Carolina Marriage Bonds, 1741-1868
     ImageNum: 001780
     County: Guilford
     Record #: 01 143
     Bondsman: Robert Daughert
     Witness: Joseph Davis
     Source Information: Ancestry.com. North Carolina, Marriage Bonds, 1741-1868 [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2000.
     Original data: State of North Carolina. An Index to Marriage Bonds Filed in the North Carolina State Archives. Raleigh, NC, USA: North Carolina Division of Archives and History, 1977.^1,3

     Edward Howard was born on 10 November 1787 at Fermanagh Township, Cumberland Co. (now Juniata Co.), Pennsylvania, USA;      There is confusion over Edward's year of birth:
     His grave marker says d. 1841 at aged 53 years, which implies a year of birth of ca 1787/8. Also, Lozer [2016] citing Dequine et al [2007] says he was b. 10 Nov. 1787. The DAR application also gives his year of birth as 1787.
     Agnes Howard McClarren's descendancy chart says born "1779", but this is overwritten with "1787".
     However, Leeson [1897:269] says he died "February 2, 1841, aged 63", implying a birthdate of ca 1778. Furthermore, in Thomas Howard's 1825 will he states, "my eldest son, Edward Howard." Since both William and Alexander were also mentioned (and then living).
     Regarding the place of birth, his father was living in Fermanagh in 1779-1790. G. Vaut.^{5,6,7,8,9,10,3} He married Nancy Haight on 31 December 1816 at Ontario Co. (now Yates Co.), New York, USA,
; DAR Application [433402] says m. Dec. 31, 1816. Application [48119] says Yates Co. NY (which wasn't created until 1823).^{11,12,13,14,3}
Edward Howard died on 2 February 1841 at Grand Rapids, Wood Co., Ohio, USA, at age 53.¹⁵
Edward Howard was buried after 2 February 1841 at Howard Cemetery, Grand Rapids, Wood Co., Ohio, USA; from Find A Grave website:
Birth:      unknown
Death:      Feb. 2, 1841

"Aged 58 years" <--THIS IS AN ERROR. Stone reads "Died Feb. 2, 1841 Aged 53 years"

Burial: Howard Cemetery, Grand Rapids, Wood County, Ohio, USA

Created by: Mark Genson
Record added: Sep 27, 2007
Find A Grave Memorial# 21784866.¹⁶

His estate was probated on 11 February 1841 at Weston Township, Wood Co., Ohio, USA.¹⁷

     He was a mentioned with Thomas Howard;      Applications for membership to the Daughters of the American Revolution filed in his are important sources of information on Thomas Howard and dates related to him and some of his chldren. None of these documents lists a daughter named Sarah.
DAR App No. Source #     Date     Information
48119     3287     25 April 1907     Applicant is a descendant of Edward. "Edward Howard was born Nov. 10th 1787" (p. 2). Cites family bible
49224      3288     5 Oct. 1904     Applicant is a descendant of Edward. "Edward Howard son of Thomas Howard was born Nov. 10, 1787" (p. 2) . Cites family bible
71200     3289     20 April 1909     Applicant is a descendant of Edward's brother Robert Armstrong. Applicant Lists Edward as a son, but gives no date of birth.
83328     3290     20 Nov, 1910     Applicant is a descendant of Edward's brother Armstrong. Give's Edward's DOB as "Nov. 10, 1787. Cites Application #71200
104088      3296     17 Oct. 1913     Applicant is a descendant of Edward. Gives year (only) of birth for Edward of 1787. Cites family bible
113339     3291     9 Feb. 1915     Applicant is a descendant of Edward's brother Robert Armstrong. "Edward (born) Nov. 10, 1787". Cites family bible and DAR applications #71200 and 83328.
120330     3292     4 Jan. 1916     Applicant is a descendant of Edward's brother Robert Armstrong. Gives year (only) of birth for Edward of 1787. Cites DAR application #113339
138037     3293     15 Jan. 1918     Applicant is a descendant of Edward. Gives year (only) of birth for Edward of 1787. Cites DAR application #104088
138038     3266     11 Jan. 1918     Applicant is a descendant of Edward. Gives year (only) of birth for Edward of 1787. Cites family bible and DAR applications 48119, 104088.
433402     3294     11 Jan. 1955     Applicant is a descendant of Edward. Gives DOB of Edward as Nov. 10, 1787. Cites family bible and DAR applications #48119
863313     3295     7 July 2008     Applicant is a descendant of William's brother Robert Armstrong. This is the most recent application under Thomas' name and does not give a DOB for Edward. It also does not cite the family bible, but does cite applications #104088 and 433402
NOTE: The DAR asserts ownership of images from their files and purchasers aree "not to post images onine."^{10,14,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,13,25} Edward Howard was a mentioned with Thomas Howard; The descendant chart for Thomas and Elizabeth (Armstrong) Howard by Mary Agnes Howard McClarren has been very helpful in providing research direction for tracing the descendants of Thomas and Elizabeth. A copy of this chart was provided to me by Carolyn K. Howard of Sunbury, Ohio.³

Edward Howard was listed as a resident in Thomas Howard and Elizabeth Armstrong's household in the census report in 1800 at Seneca Township, Ontario Co., New York, USA; p. 512, line 5
[:TAB:Name:     8 Thomas Howard
     Home in 1800 (City, County, State):     Seneca, Ontario, New York
     Free White Persons - Males - Under 10:     2 [aft 1790] James 1793, Robert 1798
     Free White Persons - Males -10 thru 15:     1 [1785-1790] Edward 1787
     Free White Persons - Males - 16 thru 25:     3 [1775-1785] William 1783, Alexaner 1785, Unidentified
     Free White Persons - Males - 26 thru 44:     1 [1756-1774] Thomas 1758/9
     Free White Persons - Females - Under 10:     1 [aft 1790] Sydney (II) 1795
     Free White Persons - Females - 26 thru 44:     1 [1756-1774] Elizabeth (Armstrong) ca 1761
     Number of Household Members Under 16:     4
     Number of Household Members Over 25:     2
     Number of Household Members:     9.²⁶

Edward Howard was listed as a resident in Thomas Howard and Elizabeth Armstrong's household in the census report in 1810 at Benton, Oneida Co. (actually Ontario Co.), New York, USA; Next door to Thomas HART, son of Epenetus
p. 662, line 13
     Name:     Ths Howard
     Home in 1810 (City, County, State):     Benton, Oneida, New York
     Free White Persons - Males - Under 10:     1 [aft 1800] Richard 1801
     Free White Persons - Males - 10 thru 15:     1 [1795-1800] Robert 1798
     Free White Persons - Males - 16 thru 25:     1 [1785-94] Edward 1787
     Free White Persons - Males - 45 and over:     1 [bef 1766] Thomas 1758/59
     Free White Persons - Females - 10 thru 15:     1 [1795-1800] Sydney (II) 1795
     Free White Persons - Females - 45 and over :     1 [bef 1766] Elizabeth (Armstrong) ca 1761
     Number of Household Members Under 16:     3
     Number of Household Members Over 25:     2
     Number of Household Members:     6.²⁷

Edward Howard began military service between 1812 and 1815 Waggoner [1888:690]: "Edward Howard (the father of Dresden) was a Soldier in the War of 1812-15, as was Thomas in the Revolutionary War. The former was at the battles of Lundy’s Lane and Fort Erie. He was never robust after the War, and died in 1841."
There are records of two Edward Howards serving from New York
(From Ancestry - U.S., War of 1812 Service Records, 1812-1815)
     Name:     Edward Howard
     Company:     2 REGIMENT (SWIFT'S) NEW YORK MILITIA.
     Rank - Induction:     SERGEANT
     Rank - Discharge:     SERGEANT
     Roll Box:     104
     Microfilm Publication:     M602
(From Ancestry - U.S., War of 1812 Service Records, 1812-1815)
     Name:     Edward Howard
     Company:     1 REG'T (HOPKINS'), NEW YORK MILITIA.
     Rank - Induction:     ENSIGN
     Rank - Discharge:     ENSIGN
     Roll Box:     104
     Microfilm Publication:     M602
The originals of the same records are seen on Fold3.com:
     https://www.fold3.com/image/308205212
     https://www.fold3.com/image/308205210.^28,29,30

Edward Howard began military service on 25 July 1814 at Battle of Lundy's Lane, Niagara Falls, Ontario, Canada, from Wikipedia: The Battle of Lundy's Lane (also known as the Battle of Niagara Falls) was a battle of the Anglo-American War of 1812, which took place on 25 July 1814, in present-day Niagara Falls, Ontario. It was one of the bloodiest battles of the war, and one of the deadliest battles ever fought in Canada.
Background
     On 3 July 1814 an American army under Major General Jacob Brown launched an attack across the Niagara River near its source on Lake Erie. His force quickly captured the British position at Fort Erie and then advanced north. Two days later one of his two brigades of regular U.S. Infantry under Brigadier General Winfield Scott defeated a British force commanded by Major General Phineas Riall at the Battle of Chippawa.
     A few days after the battle Brown outflanked the British defences along the Chippawa River and the British fell back to Fort George near the mouth of the Niagara on Lake Ontario. Brown lacked the necessary troops and heavy artillery to attack this position. At the time a British naval squadron controlled the lake. Commodore Isaac Chauncey, commander of the American ships based at Sackett's Harbor, New York, was waiting for new frigates and heavily armed brigs to be completed before he could challenge the British squadron. When these were finally ready to sail, the American squadron was further delayed in port when Chauncey fell ill. As a result, no reinforcements or heavy guns could be sent to Brown while the British were able to move several units across the lake from York to reinforce Fort George.
     For most of July, Brown's army occupied Queenston a few miles south of Fort George. In this forward position they were harassed by Canadian militia and Indians. On 24 July Brown fell back to the Chippawa River intending to secure his supplies before advancing west to Burlington. As soon as Brown retired, British light infantry and militia under Major General Riall advanced to Lundy's Lane 4 miles (6.4 km) north of the Chippawa to allow light troops to maintain contact with the American main force.
Battle
Preliminary movements
     Early on 25 July, the British Lieutenant Governor of Upper Canada, Lieutenant General Gordon Drummond, arrived in Fort George to take personal command on the Niagara peninsula. He immediately ordered a force under Lieutenant Colonel John Tucker to advance south from Fort Niagara (which the British had captured in December 1813) along the east side of the Niagara River, hoping this would force Brown to evacuate the west bank. Instead, Brown ordered an advance north, intending in turn to force the British to recall Tucker's column to protect Fort George. The Americans apparently did not know that the British held Lundy's Lane in strength.
     As soon as Riall knew the Americans were advancing, he ordered his troops to fall back to Fort George and ordered another column under Colonel Hercules Scott to move from St. Davids to Queenston to cover his withdrawal, rather than advance to his support. These orders were countermanded by Drummond, who had force-marched a detachment of reinforcements to Lundy's Lane from Fort George. The British were still reoccupying their positions when the first American units came into view, at about 6:00 pm.[18]
Scott's attack
     Lundy's Lane was a spur from the main portage road alongside the Niagara River. It ran along the summit of some rising ground (about 25 feet higher than the surrounding area) and therefore commanded good views of the area. The British artillery (two 24-pounder and two 6-pounder guns, one 5.5-inch howitzer and a Congreve rocket detachment) was massed in a cemetery at the highest point of the battlefield.
     The American 1st Brigade of regulars under Winfield Scott emerged in the late afternoon from a forest into an open field and were badly mauled by the British artillery. Scott sent the 25th U.S. Infantry, commanded by Major Thomas Jesup, to outflank the British left. The 25th found a disused track leading to a landing stage on the river, and used it to pass round the British flank. They caught the British and Canadian units there (the light company of the 1st Battalion of the 8th (King's) Regiment and the Upper Canada Incorporated Militia Battalion) while they were redeploying and unaware of the American presence, and drove them back in confusion. The British and Canadians rallied, but had been driven off the Portage Road. Jesup sent Captain Ketchum's light infantry company to secure the junction of Lundy's Lane and the Portage Road. Ketchum's company captured large numbers of wounded and messengers, including Major General Riall who had been wounded in one arm and was riding to the rear. Most of the prisoners escaped when Ketchum himself, having briefly rejoined Jesup, ran into an enemy unit while trying to return to the main body of the American army, although Riall and militia cavalry leader Captain William Hamilton Merritt remained prisoners.
     Jesup's action and the steadiness of Scott's brigade nevertheless persuaded Drummond to withdraw his centre to maintain alignment with his left flank, and also pull back the Glengarry Light Infantry, who had been harassing Scott's own left flank. The withdrawal of Drummond's centre left the artillery exposed in front of the infantry.
Brown's attack
     By nightfall, Scott's brigade had suffered heavy casualties, but Brown had arrived with the American main body (the 2nd Brigade of regulars under Brigadier General Eleazer Wheelock Ripley and a brigade of volunteers from the militia under Brigadier General Peter B. Porter). As Ripley and Porter relieved Scott's brigade, Brown ordered the 21st U.S. Infantry under Lieutenant Colonel James Miller to capture the British guns. Miller famously responded, "I'll try, Sir".
     While the British were distracted by another attack by the 1st U.S. Infantry on their right, Miller's troops deployed within a few yards of the British artillery. They fired a volley of musketry which killed most of the gunners and followed up with a bayonet charge which captured the guns and drove the British centre from the hill. The British infantry immediately behind the guns (the 2nd Battalion of the 89th Foot) tried to counter-attack, but were driven back by Miller and Ripley.
     Meanwhile, the British column under Colonel Hercules Scott was arriving on the field, already tired from its unnecessary diversion via Queenston. Unaware of the changed situation, they blundered into Ripley's brigade and were also driven back in disorder, losing their own three 6-pounder guns. These were recovered by a charge by the light company of the 41st Foot, but were either abandoned again or remained in British hands but could not be brought into action as the drivers and gunners had been scattered.
Drummond's counter-attack
     While the Americans tried to deploy their own artillery among the captured British guns, Drummond (who had been wounded in the neck) reorganized his troops and mounted a determined attempt to retake his own cannon. There was no subtlety; Drummond merely launched an attack in line, without attempting to use his many light infantry to harass or disorder the American line, or to locate any weak points in it. The attack was beaten back after a short-range musketry duel over the abandoned British guns, in which both sides suffered heavy casualties. The Glengarry Light Infantry, who had once again begun to harass the American left flank, were mistaken for Americans by other British units and forced to withdraw after suffering casualties from British fire.
     Undeterred by his first failure, Drummond launched a second attack, using the same methods and formation as in the first. Although some American units wavered, they were rallied by Ripley and stood their ground. While the combat was taking place, Winfield Scott led his depleted brigade (which had been reorganized into a single ad-hoc battalion under Major Henry Leavenworth) in an unauthorized attack against Drummond's centre. Scott's brigade was engaged both by the British and by units of Ripley's brigade, who were not aware of the identity of the troops at which they were shooting. Drummond's line was driven back but Scott's men broke in disorder and retreated, before rallying on the American left. Scott rode off to join Jesup's regiment, still out on the right flank, but was severely wounded shortly afterwards.
     Shortly before midnight, Drummond launched a third counter-attack, using every man he could find,[27] although by this time the British line consisted of mixed-up detachments and companies, rather than organised regiments and battalions. The fighting over the artillery was even closer than before, with bayonets being used at one point, but again the exhausted British fell back.
End of the battle
     By midnight both sides were spent. On the American side only 700 men were still standing in the line. Winfield Scott and Jacob Brown were both severely wounded. Brown would soon recover but Scott's injury removed him from the campaign. With supplies and water short, Brown ordered a retreat. Porter and Lieutenant Colonel Jacob Hindman (Brown's artillery commander) protested but complied. Ripley was apparently left unaware of Brown's order until he realised that Hindman's artillery had been withdrawn. Although urged by Porter to maintain his position, he also withdrew. The British still had 1,400 men on the field but they were in no condition to interfere with the American withdrawal. Drummond had ordered some units to hold the Portage Road and left some light infantry outposts near the Americans, but had withdrawn the remainder a short distance west along Lundy's Lane.
     The American artillerymen had suffered severely during the fighting and Hindman had difficulty finding sufficient draught horses to get all his guns away. One American 6-pounder gun had been lost earlier during the close-range fighting when its drivers had been hit by musket fire and the horses drawing it had bolted into the British lines. Hindman also had to abandon a howitzer with a broken carriage. However, the Americans were able to drag away one captured 6-pounder gun which had earlier been pushed to the bottom of the high ground in the centre of the former British position. Hindman later found some more horses and sent a team back to recover one of the prized British 24-pounder guns. The team was captured by British parties who were wandering around the battlefield.
Aftermath
     In the early hours of the morning of 26 July, Brown ordered Ripley to recover the abandoned British guns the next day. Reinforcing his exhausted men with detachments which had been left at Chippawa, Ripley moved out at daybreak with 1,200 soldiers but found that Drummond had reoccupied the battlefield with 2,200 men. Ripley withdrew, unmolested. The American army fell back to Fort Erie, first deliberately destroying the old British fortifications along the Chippawa River and burning the bridges behind them. Because they were short of transport, they had to abandon or destroy much equipment and supplies to make room for the wounded on the available wagons. Drummond was later to claim from this that the Americans had retreated in disorder. In fact, after burying some of the British and Canadian dead on the battlefield and burning many American corpses in large funeral pyres, the British had themselves withdrawn to Queenston until Drummond received reinforcements.[citation needed]
Casualties
     The British official casualty return had 84 killed, 559 wounded, 42 captured and 193 missing. The Americans captured 19 British officers and 150 other ranks, giving a revised British casualty total of 84 killed, 559 wounded, 169 captured and 55 missing.
     The original American official casualty return, dated 30 July 1814, gave 171 dead, 572 wounded and 117 missing. A slightly later version gave the same number of killed and wounded but only 110 missing. Donald Graves says, "British records state that four officers and 75 Americans of other ranks captured at Lundy's Lane were imprisoned at Quebec in the autumn of 1814. The remainder of the missing were probably the wounded or dead left on the field after Ripley withdrew". Three officers of the 22nd U.S. Regiment of Infantry; Lieutenants William Sturgis, John D. Kehr and Robert M. Davidson, who appear on the casualty list as "missing" and "supposed to be killed" were later confirmed as having been killed on 25 July. This gives a revised American loss of 174 killed, 572 wounded, 79 captured and 28 missing. Graves speculates that the discrepancies in the proportions of killed and wounded men between British and American casualties may be accounted for by the Americans not collating their casualty returns until five days after the battle, when some of those originally listed as missing were confirmed to have been killed, and some severely wounded men had died of their wounds.
Outcome and analysis
     There had been much fighting at close quarters. Veteran British officers, who had fought against French armies in the Peninsular War, were horrified at the carnage they had witnessed at Lundy's Lane. Drummond reported, "Of so determined a Character were [the American] attacks directed against our guns that our Artillery Men were bayonetted by the enemy in the Act of loading, and the muzzles of the Enemy's Guns were advanced within a few Yards of ours". The battle confirmed that the American regular forces had evolved into a highly professional army. Scott is widely credited for this progress, having modelled and trained his troops using French Revolutionary Army drills and exercises, although not all the American units present at Lundy's Lane had benefitted from his personal training.
     Evidence compiled by Donald Graves, a Canadian historian employed at the Directorate of History, Department of National Defence Canada, argues that General Drummond failed to use skirmish pickets to protect his guns, which were consequently captured by the Americans. Drummond also showed little tactical finesse during his counter-attacks, not using his light infantry to their best advantage and mounting only straightforward frontal attacks. American historian John R. Elting suggests that if Drummond had instead concentrated on the vulnerable American left flank, he might have won a decisive victory. (Drummond had much administrative experience, but had previously seen action only in the abortive Flanders Campaign in 1794 as a comparatively junior officer, and in the Egyptian campaign in 1801 as commander of a battalion.)
     In respect to the effect of the battle on the War, the British won a strategic victory, since the Americans on the Niagara had suffered so many casualties that they were now badly outnumbered, and were forced to retire to Fort Erie. Richard V. Barbuto says, "On 26 July, Brown's plan to advance on Burlington Heights was irretrievably shattered... Drummond had secured the forts at the northern end of the Niagara, and he had blunted an American advance. Although there was still a lot of fight in both forces, the balance of combat power on the Niagara Peninsula had swung from the invaders to the defenders".³¹

Edward Howard began military service between 4 August 1814 and 21 September 1814 at Siege of Fort Erie, Fort Erie, Ontario, Canada, from Wikipedia: Siege of Fort Erie
     The Siege of Fort Erie was one of the last and most protracted engagements between British and American forces during the Niagara campaign of the American War of 1812. From 4 August to 21 September 1814, the Americans successfully defended Fort Erie against a British army. During the siege, the British suffered heavy casualties in a failed storming attempt and also suffered from sickness and exposure in their rough encampments. Unaware that the British were about to abandon the siege, the American garrison later launched a sortie to destroy the British siege batteries, during which both sides again suffered heavy losses.
     After the British abandoned the siege, the reinforced American army followed up cautiously, but with the onset of winter and shortage of supplies they withdrew, and abandoned and demolished the fort.
Background
     The Americans under Major General Jacob Brown had crossed the Niagara River and captured Fort Erie on 3 July 1814. After defeating a British force at the Battle of Chippawa they advanced north but the British reinforced their troops in the Niagara peninsula. On 25 July, the bloody but indecisive Battle of Lundy's Lane was fought, during which Brown was severely wounded. Following the battle, the outnumbered American troops, now under the command of Brigadier General Eleazer Wheelock Ripley, withdrew to Fort Erie. Ripley advocated abandoning the Fort and retreating across the Niagara but Brown overruled him and summoned Brigadier General Edmund P. Gaines from Sackett's Harbor to assume command.
     The British, under the command of Lieutenant General Gordon Drummond (the Lieutenant Governor of Upper Canada), had themselves been hard hit at Lundy's Lane. Drummond nevertheless claimed that the Americans had been forced to retreat in disorder and he intended to drive them from the Canadian side of the Niagara. His troops followed the Americans slowly and reached the fort on 4 August. Drummond's division numbered 3,000 but Drummond himself complained about the quality of the troops and the degree to which the units were composed of mixed-up detachments and companies. His slow advance gave the Americans vitally needed time to reorganise and to reinforce their defences.
Defences
     The original British fort consisted of two two-story barrack buildings with fortified cannon bastions connected to them. The barracks were connected by a thick stone curtain with the main gate located in the centre. The rear of the fort (facing away from Lake Erie) consisted of an open terreplein, raised 6 feet (1.8 m) above the base of the dry ditch which surrounded the fort, with two redoubts located on the corner. The redoubts were incomplete and offered little protection. The front of the fort was protected by a large earth wall with a forward gun emplacement. The fort was also divided in half by an earth wall and ditch, but this too was incomplete with at least a third of the rear defenses being makeshift wooden walls or earthworks, some of which were only 1 metre (3.3 ft) high. This was complemented by a gun emplacement in the centre redan (raised platform). The fort contained a total of six guns.
     The dry ditch surrounding the fort had a 9 feet (2.7 m) high wooden wall in the centre. This wall was angled outwards and was sharpened to prevent any enemy from leaping into the ditch, which also had sharpened sticks placed up and down the walls to help impale or wound enemy soldiers. The ditch was used as a garbage dump and a sewer by the defenders, creating a slippery and smelly swamp at the base that would slow enemy attacks and would encourage disease in any wounds.
     The Americans had made significant improvements to the defenses of the fort since its capture and now redoubled their efforts to entrench themselves. Since the fort was too small to hold the entire American force, they extended the earth wall to the south for an additional 800 metres (0.50 mi) to a rise made of sand, known as Snake Hill, where they constructed a gun battery. To protect the north end of the position, the Americans also threw up an earth wall connecting the northeast bastion of the fort to the lake where there was another fortified gun emplacement known as the Douglass Battery from its commander, Lieutenant David Douglass of the U.S. Corps of Engineers. Abatis (obstacles made of felled trees) were placed in front of the earth walls.
     By the close of the siege, the Americans had made the position even stronger by building three log blockhouses in the rear of the fort and had also strengthened the defences and redoubts.
Preliminaries
Raid on Black Rock and Buffalo
British Lieutenant General Sir Gordon Drummond, Lieutenant Governor of Upper Canada
     When the British force reached Fort Erie, Drummond's first move on 3 August was to send a force across the Niagara in batteaux to raid Buffalo and Black Rock, hoping to capture or destroy American supplies and provisions. The force consisted of two columns; one was composed of the two flank companies and four of the centre companies of the 41st Foot under Lieutenant Colonel Evans of the 41st, and other of the light companies of the 2nd Battalion, the 89th Foot and the 100th Foot, and the flank companies of the 104th (New Brunswick) Regiment, under Lieutenant Colonel William Drummond of Kelty, General Drummond's nephew. With some artillerymen, the force numbered 600 men in total. The force was under the overall command of Lieutenant Colonel John Tucker, the senior Lieutenant Colonel of the 41st Foot.
     The raid was a failure. On landing on the American side of the Niagara, Tucker found that the bridge over the unfordable Conjocta Creek (now known as Scajaquada Creek) had been destroyed, and a detachment of 240 men of the 1st U.S. Rifle Regiment under Major Lodowick Morgan with some volunteers were defending the creek to prevent the bridge being repaired. The British casualty return gave 11 killed, 17 wounded and 5 missing. The Americans took 6 prisoners, indicating that one of the British soldiers who had been returned as "killed" had in fact been captured. This made the British loss 10 killed, 17 wounded and 6 captured. Tucker complained that the troops panicked and fled, though they subsequently rallied. The Americans lost 2 killed and 8 wounded. Morgan was killed a few days later in a clash between outposts.
Preparations for the siege
     Drummond lost several vital subordinates during the next few days, forcing him to take personal charge of the siege. Major General Phineas Riall, the commander of the "Right Division" on the Niagara Peninsula, had been wounded and captured at Lundy's Lane. His replacement, Major General Henry Conran, who had recently arrived from England, broke a leg in a fall from a horse and was incapacitated. Colonel Stewart of the Royal Scots was summoned from York to replace him but fell ill with ague, and Colonel Hercules Scott of the 103rd Foot requested permission to relinquish his command of a brigade and revert to command of his regiment.
Capture of Ohio and Somers
     While the British constructed their siege lines and batteries, three American schooners anchored in the Niagara River harassed them with gunfire. At the time, three small craft from the British naval squadron on Lake Ontario were blockaded in the mouth of the Niagara River by three larger American vessels. Commander Alexander Dobbs, in command of the British vessels, and his sailors and Royal Marines dragged a gig and five other boats overland from below Niagara Falls and launched a boarding attack on the American schooners off Fort Erie on the night of 12 August. The crews of the schooners spotted and challenged them but the British replied "Provision boats", and deceived the Americans long enough to bring their boats alongside. They captured the Ohio and Somers. The crew of the Porcupine escaped this fate by cutting their anchor cables before slipping away, but were accidentally fired upon by US artillery on the shore. The British lost 2 killed and 4 wounded in the engagement, while the Americans had 1 killed and 70 captured, of whom 8 were wounded. This victory raised British morale but Drummond mistakenly believed that it depressed American morale to the same extent. He was encouraged in this belief by some American deserters, who also reported the defenders as numbering only 1,500, when in fact there were 2,200.
British assault
     On 13 August, Drummond opened fire on the fort with two light 24-pounder field guns and four 18-pounder or 24-pounder naval guns. The bombardment was fired from too long a range and was ineffective against the fort's walls. Drummond nevertheless launched a three-pronged attack on the night of 15/16 August, with each arm of the attack aimed at one of the American batteries. The largest column, of 1,300 soldiers led by Lieutenant Colonel Victor Fischer, would outflank the south end of the defences at Snake Hill. Another column of 700 soldiers under Colonel Hercules Scott, would attack the Douglass Battery and the north end of the defences and sweep into the U.S. camp, meeting Fischer's column in the middle. Finally, a column of 360 soldiers, sailors and marines led by Lieutenant Colonel William Drummond would attack the fort once the other assaults were under way, with the objective of capturing the old British barrack buildings. A reserve of just under 700 men was left in the siege lines under Lieutenant Colonel Tucker.
     Colonel Scott and Lieutenant Colonel Drummond were both experienced soldiers and had little confidence in General Drummond's plan. Both men arranged their affairs before heading into battle, sending their papers home to their wives. Drummond even gave away his sword (a gift from Lloyd's of London) to Surgeon William "Tiger" Dunlop of the 89th. Shortly before moving out, both men wished each other luck and bade farewell.
The columns moved out after dark but the preparations during the day had been obvious from the fort. Surprise would be nearly impossible to achieve. While Fischer's column made its long march to the south of Snake Hill, Scott's and Drummond's columns waited in the pouring rain in a ravine a few hundred yards north of the fort. An hour before the assault began, the British bombardment of the fort ceased, having inflicted casualties on the garrison of 10 killed and 35 wounded.
American preparations
     American Brigadier General Edmund Pendleton Gaines, commander of Fort Erie until wounded on 29 August, photographed in later life
In the fort, General Gaines ordered his men to stand to. This produced rumblings from the troops forced to stand in their positions in heavy rain but would prove invaluable in the coming battle. He also ordered that the charges in all guns were to be drawn and replaced, ensuring the guns would not misfire through damp powder.
     Brigadier General Ripley defended Snake Hill with the 21st and 23rd U.S. Infantry. The Hill was topped with a large gun emplacement containing six guns under the command of Captain Nathaniel Towson. The fort itself was defended by two companies of the 19th U.S. Infantry, and three guns under Captains Williams and Gookin. The wall between the fort and the Douglass Battery (which held one gun) was manned by the 9th U.S. Infantry, a company of volunteers from the New York and Pennsylvania Militia, the dismounted New York Volunteer Dragoons and another gun.
The long wall between the fort and the Snake Hill, which was not attacked, was defended by Brigadier General Peter B. Porter with detachments of the 1st and 4th U.S. Rifle Regiments, the 5th Pennsylvania Volunteers, Swift's Regiment of Detached New York Militia and five guns. Finally, two companies of the 11th and 22nd U.S. Infantry and a detachment of the U.S. Light Dragoons were in reserve.
Fischer's attack
     Fischer's column consisted of the light companies of the 2/89th Foot and the 100th Foot, the remnants of the 1st Battalion, 8th (King's) Foot, which had suffered heavy casualties in earlier engagements, and volunteers from Fischer's own regiment, the Regiment de Watteville. De Watteville's nominally Swiss regiment was made up of men from all over Europe, many of them former prisoners of war or deserters from the armies of Napoleon Bonaparte, and the British commanders suspected their loyalty. On the approach march, the roll was called every hour to prevent desertion. Except for a few steady men, the entire column was ordered to remove their firearms' flints and take the enemy battery on the hill with the bayonet.
     The column encountered an American picket 300 metres (330 yd) from the defences. Surprise was nearly achieved but because of the rainy weather, the British troops' advance was betrayed by the loud swishing sound made as they passed through high grass. The picket opened fire, alerting the garrison, before hastily retreating. The leading attackers rushed forward to the abatis. As they reached it, Towson opened fire. The rate of fire from his battery would earn it the nickname "Towson's Lighthouse". After several attempts to storm the battery, many attackers broke and fled in panic, sweeping away the steady soldiers to their rear. Those who did try to scale the defences found that many of the siege ladders built for the attack had been made without taking the ditches into account and were as much as 5 feet (1.5 m) too short to get over the wall. The light company of De Watteville's Regiment attempted to bypass the defences by swimming in the Niagara River. The current proved to be too swift, and many of the men were swept away to their death; those who survived were quickly captured.
     Some of the attackers charged the battery five times before retiring. Some units, such as the light company of the 8th, lost two thirds of their strength. De Watteville's regiment had 144 casualties (although many were "missing" and actually hid in the woods before deserting the next morning). Ripley, commanding this section of the American defences, reported taking 147 prisoners. His men suffered only a dozen casualties. Fischer's column reeled back in confusion and it was decided another attempt was impossible.
Scott's attack
     Colonel Hercules Scott's column consisted of his own 103rd Regiment, less its light company. He launched his attack as soon as firing was heard from Snake Hill. Surprise was quickly lost when American pickets detected them and fired muskets to alert the defenders. Once the British had moved close enough, the guns of the fort and the Douglass Battery (loaded with canister) and several hundred U.S. Infantry opened fire, causing horrific losses to the British who were jammed into a narrow front between an embankment and the lake. Colonel Scott was mortally wounded by a musket ball in the head early in the attack. His second in command, Major William Smelt, was also seriously wounded. At one point in the battle, a cry rose from the British forces of "Stop firing, you're shooting your own men!", and the fighting ceased for almost an entire minute until an American officer, unconvinced by the unfamiliarly accented appeal, shouted back "To Hell with you!" and the firing resumed. Scott's shattered regiment fell back with 360 casualties (although some may later have joined Drummond's attack against the fort). The Americans facing them reported no casualties from Scott's attack.
William Drummond's attack
     Lieutenant Colonel William Drummond's column consisted of a small detachment of gunners of the Royal Artillery, the flank companies of the 41st Foot and of the 104th Foot, fifty Royal Marines and ninety seamen of the Royal Navy under Commander Dobbs. The attack on the fort initially made little headway. Using the cover of darkness and the heavy smoke that hung over the field, Drummond then moved his men through the defensive ditch to assault the northeast bastion. The British caught the U.S. artillerymen there completely by surprise, and they quickly abandoned their guns and fled. Those under Captain John Williams and Lieutenant Patrick McDonogh who stood and fought were quickly killed as Drummond cried out "Give no Quarter to the Damn Yankees!" A group of soldiers from the 21st U.S. Infantry (raised in Massachusetts) reorganized themselves in the parade square and poured fire into the bastion. It is believed that Drummond was killed in this barrage. According to one American soldier, in the thick of the fighting he saw a "Red-coated demon, armed with a pike and screaming for his own death which we quickly obliged him to. He fell not far from our feet, no less than a musket's length away".
     The attackers twice charged through a gap 7 feet (2.1 m) wide between the two barrack buildings into the parade ground, but were unable to break into the barrack buildings and mess hall. The defenders in turn tried to recapture the northeast bastion but were driven back. General Drummond sent only two companies of the 1st Battalion of the Royal Scots to reinforce the attackers; they lost half their men and very few of them even reached the fort. After fighting swayed back and forth for nearly an hour, some Americans turned around an 18-pounder cannon on the rear redan and began to fire into the bastion less than 50 yards (46 m) away. The British responded by turning one of the captured cannons around and knocking the American 18-pounder off its carriage.
     Shortly after the British began firing their captured gun, a large powder magazine in the bastion beneath their feet ignited. The explosion was immense, destroying the entire bastion and most of the attached barracks building. A two-ton cannon was thrown 100 yards (91 m) out of the fort. Between 150 and 250 men, mainly British and Canadians, were killed in the bastion. It was gruesomely reported that some attackers were blown from the walls of the fort to land on the bayonets of those still in the ditch. The explosion caused havoc for both sides, although the Americans in the fort were sheltered from the full force of the explosion by the barrack buildings. Lieutenant Douglass was nearly killed when a large piece of flaming timber crushed the man next to him. The surviving attackers were convinced that the entire fort was mined and they retreated in panic. Drummond's column had been almost wiped out during the attack. When the 104th assembled the next day and roll was called, those who were still standing openly wept at the loss of over half of their men who had attacked.
Aftermath
     In total the British suffered 57 killed, 309 wounded and 537 missing (many of whom were killed in the explosion of the fort's magazine). The journal of surgeon William Dunlop described working on the wounded for nearly 3 days without ceasing. The Americans reported capturing 360 prisoners, 174 of whom were wounded. General Gaines reported that 222 dead British troops were left in and around the fort. This would give a revised British loss of 222 killed, 309 wounded, 360 captured (of whom 174 were wounded) and 12 missing.
     The garrison suffered 17 killed, 56 wounded and 11 missing.
American sorties
     American Major General Jacob Brown, commander of the Left Division of the Army of the North
In addition to the heavy casualties from the assault, Lieutenant General Drummond's force suffered severely from sickness and exposure. The British troops lacked tents and their crude huts and shelters made from bark and branches provided little cover. When the autumn rains began, the ground rapidly became inches deep in water. Drummond nevertheless was reinforced by the 6th and 82nd Regiments of Foot, both of them veterans of the Duke of Wellington's army in the Peninsular War, and maintained the siege. Major General Louis de Watteville also joined him to take over the day-to-day conduct of the siege.
     On 29 August a chance British shot severely wounded General Gaines and Brigadier General Ripley resumed command. Ripley's opinion of the entire campaign was far from positive and he had even openly rumoured that the British would bring up further reinforcements and capture the fort. Major General Jacob Brown had only partly recovered from his wounds received at Lundy's Lane, but he nevertheless returned to Fort Erie to replace the pessimistic Ripley in command. It was known that Drummond's force was dwindling and there were strong arguments for simply waiting for Drummond to abandon the unsuccessful siege, but Brown was determined to attack.
Action of 4 September
     On 4 September, a detachment of Brigadier General Peter B. Porter's brigade of volunteers from the New York and Pennsylvania Militia was sent out to attack the British Battery No. 2. The action lasted for close to six hours before being brought to a halt by a "tremendous rain and thunder storm". During the action, Colonel Joseph Willcocks of the Canadian Volunteers (a small unit of Canadians fighting against Britain) was shot in the chest and killed.
Action of 17 September
     On 15 September, the British finally completed Battery No. 3 at the western end of their siege lines, which enfiladed most of the American defences. Brown planned to outflank the western end of Drummond's siege lines, capture the batteries and spike the guns in them. Brigadier General Porter was entrusted with the main attack. His pioneers cleared a trail through the woods to a point behind the British Battery No. 3. Drummond's troops and Natives, who were probably made lethargic by rain, sickness and shortage of rations, failed to report any of this activity. Although the British had constructed a blockhouse to cover the end of the entrenchments, the surrounding woods had not been cut back.
At noon on 17 September, Porter's force of volunteers from the militia with the 23rd U.S. Infantry, numbering 1,600 in total, moved along the trail, covered by heavy rain. They completely surprised the remnants of De Watteville's regiment, who were covering the end of the British siege works, and captured Battery No. 3. At the same moment, the recently promoted Brigadier General James Miller led detachments from the 9th, 11th and 19th U.S. Infantry along the ravine which had sheltered the British troops before their failed assault on August 15, and attacked the British centre. Attacked from both front and flank, Battery No. 2 was also captured.
     By now, Drummond's reserves were hurrying forward. Lieutenant Colonel Campbell was sent with the 82nd Regiment and part of the 6th Regiment to recapture Battery No. 2, while Lieutenant Colonel John Gordon was dispatched with the 1st Battalion of the Royal Scots and the 2/89th to recover Battery No. 3. There was severe fighting amid the British entrenchments but the Americans were unable to capture Battery No. 1. and were driven out of No.2 and No. 3. Brown ordered his men back to the fort and sent Ripley forward to cover Porter's and Miller's withdrawal. Surgeon Dunlop recorded a horrifying incident during the recapture of Battery No. 2, when Major Pattison led two companies of the 82nd Regiment into the battery:
     They poured a volley into the mass of the enemy, who were huddled together into so small a space that they could not return it. Pattison immediately sprung forward, and called out to the American officer in command to surrender, as resistance would only cause loss of life and could do no good. He did give an order to ground arms, and some of his men were in the act of doing so, when an American soldier raised his rifle and shot Pattison through the heart. In one moment a charge was made by the 82d into the battery, and every soul in it was put to the bayonet…".
Three of Drummond's six siege guns were destroyed in Battery No. 3. The Americans had been unable to spike the guns in Battery No. 2 before they were driven out.
     In this two-hour engagement, the Americans suffered 79 killed, 216 wounded and 216 missing. Porter, Miller and Ripley were all wounded. Of the 216 Americans who were marked down as "missing" in the official casualty return, 170 were captured, of whom some were wounded. The remaining 46 may have died in the massacre at Battery No. 2, since no Americans in the battery survived to report their comrades' fate.
The British official casualty return stated 115 killed, 178 wounded and 316 missing. The Americans took 382 prisoners (11 officers and 371 enlisted men), indicating that 66 of the British troops marked down as "killed" in the official casualty report were in fact captured. The thickly wooded nature of the battlefield may have led the compilers of the casualty return to assume that these men were lying dead among the trees and undergrowth. This gives a revised British loss of 49 killed, 178 wounded and 382 captured. Of the 11 officers who were taken prisoner, 2 were wounded.
End of the siege
     Unknown to the Americans, Drummond had already decided on 16 September to lift the siege, and had given orders for his artillery to be moved to Fort George as soon as possible. Shortage of draught animals had delayed his departure. It was not until the night of 21 September that the British force finally withdrew to the Chippawa River. In a letter to Sir George Prevost, the British commander-in-chief in North America, Drummond cited the continual heavy rain, illness among his men and lack of camp equipment as his reasons for breaking off the siege. His force was reduced to 2,000 effectives and his camp had the appearance of "a lake in the midst of a thick wood".
     In the general siege operations from 1 August to 21 September (not including the engagement at Conjocta Creek on 3 August, the capture of the Ohio and the Somers on 12 August, the cannonade from 13 August to the early morning of 15 August, the assault on 15 August or the sortie of 17 September), the American garrison lost 104 killed and 250 wounded. All but 29 of these casualties came from the regular U.S. Army. The number of Americans captured or missing during this period is unknown. The overall British casualty figures for the siege also appear to be unknown.
Nine active regular infantry battalions of the United States Army (1-2 Inf, 2-2 Inf, 1-3 Inf, 2-3 Inf, 4-3 Inf, 1-5 Inf, 2-5 Inf, 1-6 Inf and 2-6 Inf) perpetuate the lineages of American units (the old 1st, 9th, 11th, 19th, 21st, 22nd, 23rd and 25th Infantry Regiments) that were present during the siege.
Evacuation
     In early September, Major General George Izard's division had been ordered to march from Plattsburgh to Sackett's Harbor, where they arrived on 17 September. On 21 September, the American naval squadron on Lake Ontario under Commodore Isaac Chauncey ferried the main part of the division to the Genesee River a few miles west of the Niagara, from where they marched to reinforce Brown. Since Izard was the senior officer, he assumed command of the combined American force. The Americans now numbered 6,300 (including 800 volunteers from the militia) and had a clear advantage in numbers over Drummond, who had only 2,500 men even after further British reinforcements (the 97th Regiment) had arrived. Brown wished to make an immediate all-out attack. Izard instead waited until 13 October before he began a cautious advance, by which time the British had recovered much of their health and morale, and had strongly fortified the line of the Chippawa Creek. After some indecisive exchanges of artillery fire at the mouth of the river and a minor success against a British outpost at Cook's Mill on 19 October, Izard withdrew.
     On 15 October, the British had launched the first rate ship-of-the-line HMS St. Lawrence on Lake Ontario, and Chauncey's squadron promptly withdrew into Sackett's Harbor. It was no longer possible for the Americans to move supplies to the Niagara front, except by crude roads which would be unusable during the late autumn and winter. At the same time, the British were able to reinforce and resupply their troops on the Niagara. Izard wrote to the Secretary of War (James Monroe) "At the head of the most efficient army the United States have possessed during this war, much must be expected of me; and yet I can discern no object which can be achieved at this point worthy of the risk which will attend its attempt."
     At Brown's request, he and his division were transferred to Sackett's Harbor to protect the vital naval base. (The British contemplated making an attack there, but could not transport the necessary troops up the St. Lawrence before winter set in.) Izard, who was short of supplies, decided to abandon Fort Erie and go into winter quarters in New York state with the remainder of the army. On 5 November, the Americans set mines and demolished the fort before retiring across the river. This allowed the British to go into winter quarters also, which spared them losses from the winter weather. Izard himself asked for sick leave and tendered his resignation, which was refused. Many officers (including Brown) accused Izard of cowardice, and he was nearly court martialled as a result, but because of his military expertise and excellent service record, he was moved to a civil position and was eventually made Governor of Arkansas.
     When the British returned to the site of Fort Erie, they chose not to rebuild the fort due to lack of funds and merely constructed makeshift quarters until completely abandoning it in 1821.
     On several occasions, especially after his own failed assault on Fort Erie, General Drummond blamed his troops for lack of spirit or misbehaviour in action, but most historians consider that Drummond himself planned poorly and took insufficient care to maintain his troops' health and morale.³²

Edward Howard was listed as a resident in Thomas Howard's household in the census report in 1820 at Benton, Ontario Co. (now Yates Co.), New York, USA; [Same page as John McLean and George and James Armstrong. His wife, Elizabeth had died in 1810.]
p. 263, line 77
Name:     Thomas Howard
Home in 1820 (City, County, State):     Benton, Ontario, New York
Enumeration Date:     August 7, 1820 Edward Howard emigrated with Thomas Howard and Thomas Lucas on 21 May 1821 at Grand Rapids, Wood Co., Ohio, USA;      per Historical Marker at Howard Cemetery: "Thomas Howard, aged 66, a Revolutionary War veteran, arrived at the head of the great rapids of the Maumee from New York State in 1822. Three cabins were erected for his family and the families of his two sons Edward and Robert..."
     per Leeson [1897:268-9]: "In the reminiscences of Dresden W. H. Howard, it is related that, in May, 1821, his grandfather, Thomas (aged 63 years), his father, Edward (aged 43), his uncle, Robert A. (aged 23), with their wives and children, left Yates county, New York, embarked on Capt. Anson reed's schooner at Cleveland, and on June 17 that year, landed at Orleans of the North."
     per Leeson [1897:471]: "Thomas Howard... came from Yates county, N. Y., in 1823 with his wife, a daughter Sidney, who afterward became Mrs. Howard Davidson, and his three sons - Edward, Robert A., and Richard M. W. with their respective families. Part of the family came by water, the rest taking the land route driving their livestock."
From Waggoner [1888:690-92]: Dresden W. H. Howard was born in Yates County, New York, November 3, 1817. He was a son of Edward, his grandfather being Thomas Howard. May 22, 1821, the grandfather, with his sons Edward, Robert A. and Richard, their wives and two children (Dresden and a cousin named Sidney), and a daughter of Sidney H. Nelson, left their pleasant homes on the banks of Seneca Lake, near Geneva, for the west. The grandfather rode on horseback, the families and small supplies of clothing and household goods being loaded into two two-horse covered wagons. In due time, over roads almost impassable, the party reached the then Village of Buffalo. Here, the grandfather, with the women and children, embarked on board a 30-ton Schooner (name not remembered), commanded by Captain Anson Reed, for a long and perilous voyage to Fort Meigs, 14 miles above the mouth of the Maumee River. This destination was reached at dusk, June 17th, after a trip of 26 days, where they were cordially welcomed by the few white settlers at "Orleans," the little hamlet under the Fort. Dresden's recollection of the scene that met his view on entering the mouth of the River, about 10 o'clock A.M., is yet very clear to him. The dark color of the water of the River was in strong contrast with that of the clear water of the Lake. The scene of chief interest as they slowly passed up the stream, consisted of the white tents of Indians camped on the West bank, from the house of Major Stickney (near Bush Street), to the mouth of Swan Creek - the Indians being there on business with Major Stickney, then Indian Agent for the Government. They were actively engaged in racing and other sports peculiar to Indians: but upon discovering the little Vessel, they gave one wild (to the passengers, unearthly) yell, and ran down the bank, to get as near as possible to the craft. While the boy was deeply interested in the scene, the women were crouched in deadly fear on the deck at such first view of the locality which was to be their home. The Vessel made slow progress up the River, with nothing to be seen but the primeval forest which lined its banks, and a deer and her fawn which had sought protection in the water from swarms of mosquitoes, or from some hunger wolf. In due time, the end of the journey was reached. The teams were many days behind the arrival of the Vessel, they having in bad roads - especially through the "Black Swamp" - more to overcome than the calms and adverse winds of the Lake. The real destination of the party was Tecumseh, or An-au-ba (now known as Ann Arbor), Michigan; but the persuasions of the Hollisters, Spaffords, Forsyths, General Hunt and other residents induced them to stop, when they soon were quartered in little cabins of bark-covered walls. Some cleared land was rented, and a small crop of corn, potatoes, pumpkins, squashes, etc., soon planted. With "dog-days" came ague and fever, attended by want and privation known to none but the pioneer. Several times the entire family was prostrated, with no one able to attend upon the sick. The frosts of October were patiently awaited as the only source of relief to sufferers; which season was made the more grateful for the abundant supplies of fish and corn-"pone," which it brought. The grandfather had little means with which to start in the new home. He first entered 160 acres of Government lands, where now is the Village of Woodville, Sandusky County; but the Black Swamp proved too much for him, and he abandoned his purchase, subsequently selling it to Amos E. Wood, the founder of Woodville. In 1822, lands were purchased at Grand Rapids, Wood County, when cabins were built for Edward, Robert A. and Richard Howard; and in the Spring of 1823 they cut a road from the Indian Mission, eight miles below, through a dense wilderness to the Grand Rapids of Maumee. And founded a settlement immediately opposite the Ottawa Indian Village of Kin-jo-i-no and Reservation of 12 miles square, at the head of the Rapids.
     All of the families, with the grandfather, lived upon their original purchases, cleared away the forests, and made for themselves comfortable homes (save Robert A., who sold his place in 1836, and moved to what now is Fulton County, where he died), and in due time were "gathered to their fathers," their bodies resting on the banks of the Maumee within hearing of the never-ceasing murmur of the Rapids.
     Edward Howard (the father of Dresden) was a Soldier in the War of 1812-15, as was Thomas in the Revolutionary War. The former was at the battles of Lundy's Lane and Fort Erie. He was never robust after the War, and died in 1841. The mother (Nancy Haight Howard) survived him until 1881, dying at the age of 84 years, and being buried beside her husband. The children were Dresden; one brother, James Monroe, born in Yates County, New York; and one sister (Anjinette), born in Wood County. James died in 1841; and the sister is the wife of Hon. George Laskey, of Toledo. Coming here in childhood, with Indian boys for playmates, Dresden learned the languages of the several tribes in the Valley, and became more or less attached to Indian life. His inclinations early turned toward Indian trade and the hunter's life. The fur trade with the tribes was then a lucrative business, and his readiness with their dialects made his services in demand by traders, who paid well for them. With others, he was employed by Government Agents in collecting the wandering bands for removal to their new homes beyond the Mississippi in 1832, and again in 1838. In 1832 he aided the removal, when they were transported across the country by wagons and on the backs of their ponies. For a boy, the trip was attractive. Scarcely any settlement was passed for the whole distance. The Indians were located on the banks of the Osage River (now in Kansas), where is the Town of Ottawa, name for the tribe. In 1840, Mr. Howard was employed by W. G. and Geo. W. Ewing, fur traders at Fort Wayne, Indiana, to take a stock of Indian goods up the Missouri River, and open trade with the Omahas, Missouries, lower Sioux, Pottawatomies and other tribes inhabiting the Valley and tributaries of that stream. His father and brother dying in 1841, made it necessary for him to return and care for an invalid mother and his sister, and accept the more quiet life of farming and civilization, for which his previous experience had done little toward fitting him. His school days (from seven to 10 years) were entirely spent at the "Old Indian Mission," 10 miles above Fort Meigs, in a School of 100 Indian children - he being the only White pupil, save a few Indian and French half-breed boys and girls. That School was organized by the Home Missionary Society of New England, and was closed upon the removal of the Indians in 1838.
     The tribes inhabiting the Valley of the Maumee, and also that of the Wabash and their tributaries, at the time of Mr. Howard's earliest recollections (and for many years before), were the Ottawas, Pottawatomies, Miamis, We-aws, Piankishaws, Shawnees and Delawares, with a few of the Ochibewas and Muncies. The principal Chiefs of the Ottawas were Na-wash, O-to-saw, Char-lo, Oeque-nox-ie, Kin-jo-a-no, Ot-to-kee, Wa-se-on, Wa-se-on-i-quet, and others/. Of the Pottawatomies were Waw-bon-see, Baw-beece, Me-te-ah, Win-a-meg; of the Miamis, La Fountain and Richard-ville, with many others, whose names are not recalled; of Shawnees, were Joseph and William Parks, whose Reservation was at Wa-pa-kon-neta. The Walkers (half-breeds) were principal men among the Wyandotts at Upper Sandusky. Turkey Foot (Mis-sis-sa-inzit), was a noted Ottawa Chief, as was O-to-saw. Little Turtle (Mis-she-kenee) perhaps was the most noted, as he was the most intelligent Chief of the Miamis, who, Mr. Howard things, lies buried near Fort Wayne, Indiana. Turkey Foot was buried near the rock from which he harangued his Braves when he fell with a bullet from one of Wayne's soldiers, August 20, 1794. Mr. Howard's memory is stored with facts and associations connected with the aboriginal tribes with whom he was so long intimate. When asked by Governor Noyes, of Ohio, why he always spoke with such special kindness of the Indians, he replied, "They have always, in childhood and in manhood, treated me with kindness, and I could not be ungrateful for their uniform generosity. Treat an Indian justly, and you will secure his friendship for life. Treat him illy, and you have his enmity for life." Mr. Howard's present residence is on the site of the old Indian Village of Winameg, Fulton County, where the former residents so long enjoyed savage life, and where so many of them found their last resting place, which is now carefully protected. The Red Man has taken his last drink from the shaded spring at the foot of the hill, his last look upon the landscape so long his pride, and now sleeps nearer the setting Sun. In the Spring of 1827-28, Mr. Howard - then a boy of 10 years - first visited that locality, and there ate his first bowl of hominy and roast venison, and took his first drink from the pure waters of the spring. The Indians had just returned from their Winter hunting-grounds in the pine and sugar-maple forest of the then wild Territory, now the fertile and rich State of Michigan, where they had enjoyed a successful hunt; bringing in a bountiful supply of Maple sugar (of which they were fond). They were having their annual dance or worship of the Great Spirit (Chi Manitoo), returning thanks for success in the hunt, and asking for a prosperous season to come. For the Summer, the women were to plant and how, while the men, besides lounging about, were to look for an occasional deer. Corn, beans and pumpkins were still planted there; but not by the faithful, patient squaws of former days.
     Mr. Howard, with all his early attachment for the primitive ways of the Indians, has not been backward in promoting the methods and means of Christian civilization. For forty years past he has been identified, to greater or less extent with the agricultural, the financial, the political, and the social movements of the age, seeking faithfully to meet his full duty in these several relations of life. In promoting the construction of good roads, elevating the farming interests, and the establishment of sound morals and general education, he has been active. In 1870 he represented the Tenth District on the State Board of Equalization. Elected to the State Senate in 1871 from the Thirty-Third District, he served in that body for two years. In 1860 he was Presidential Elector, casting the vote of the Fifth Congressional District for Abraham Lincoln. Of all his record in connection with elections, that which gives him his chief pride, was made in the fight for the exclusion of the sale of intoxicating liquors at Wauseon, in April, 1887. He was appointed by Governor Foraker, April 1, 1887, a Trustee of the Toledo Asylum for the Insane, constructed for the State, near Toledo. Mr. Howard was married in 1843 with Mary b. Copeland. There were born to them two children - Osceola E. M., Civil Engineer, of San Diego, California; and M. Agnes, now residing with her parents at Wauseon, Ohio.
per Knapp [1872:649-50]: "Thomas Howard, from Yates county, N. Y., landed at fort Meigs in the spring of 1823. He and part of the families made the trip from buffalo n a 30 ton schooner, commanded by Capt. Almon Reed - the teams and livestock being driven over land by another part of his family, which struck the Maumee at a point now known as East Toledo. From here they proceeded up the river to Fort Meigs, experiencing some difficulty in urging their livestock through the Indian camps, which at that time lined the banks of the Maumee, and snuffing danger afar off, the horses and cattle manifested greater fear of these lords of the forest than did their owners. The branches of the emigrating families, some taking the water, and others the overland route, and which came to the Maumee Valley at that time, consisted of his three sons, Edward, Robert A., and Richard M. W. Howard, and their several families. Subsequently these households, and also a daughter, Mrs. Sidney Howard Davison (now a resident of La Salle Co., Ill, and aged 77 years) removed to the head of the rapids of the Maumee (Gilead). Thomas Howard, born November 15, 1758, died at the head of the rapids, May 25, 1825."^34,35,36,4
Edward Howard was mentioned in a land transaction on 16 April 1824 at Ottawa Co., Ohio, USA,
Memo: Ancestry.com - U.S. General Land Office Records, 1796-1907
     Name:     Edward Howard
     Issue Date:     16 Apr 1824
     Acres:     76.71
     Meridian:     1st PM
     State:     Ohio
     County:     Ottawa
     Township:     6-N
     Range:     13-E
     Section:     24
     Accession Number:     OH0760__.448
     Metes and Bounds:     No
     Land Office:     Delaware
     Canceled:     No
     US Reservations:     No
     Mineral Reservations:     No
     Authority:     April 24, 1820: Sale-Cash Entry (3 Stat. 566)
     Document Number:     2486
     Source Information: Ancestry.com. U.S. General Land Office Records, 1796-1907 [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2008.
     Original data: United States. Bureau of Land Management, General Land Office Records. Automated Records Project; Federal Land Patents, State Volumes. http://www.glorecords.blm.gov/. Springfield, Virginia: Bureau of Land Management, Eastern States, 2007.³⁷
In Thomas Howard's will dated 9 February 1825 at Wood Co., Ohio, USA, Edward Howard was named as an heir; Book A, p. 10, wills of Wood Co., OH
Ancestry.com - Ohio, Wills and Probate Records, 1786-1998
     Name:     Thomas Howard
     Probate Date:     12 Dec 1825
     Probate Place:     Wood, Ohio, USA
     Inferred Death Year:     Abt 1825
     Inferred Death Place:     Ohio, USA
     Item Description:     Will Records, Vol 1a-2a, 1820-1861; Will Records, Vol 3, 1861-1874
     Source Citation: Probate Records, (Wood County, Ohio) 1820-1932; General Index, Ca. 1820-1932; Probate Place: Wood, Ohio
     Source Information: Ancestry.com. Ohio, Wills and Probate Records, 1786-1998 [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2015.
Text of Will (transcribed by G A Vaut 11 April 2016):
     "The last will and testament of Thomas Howard of the county of wood in the State of Ohio. In the name of God Amen.
     I Thomas Howard of the county aforesaid being aged and infirm in body though of sound mind and memory and mindful of my approaching mortality, do this ninth day of February in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and twenty five make and publish this my last will and testament in manner following:
     First I desire to be desintly [sic] buried.
     Item. I give and devise unto my eldest son Edward Howard, the East part of the Northwest quarter of fractional section number twenty in Township number six, North of Range Number ten being in the County of Wood aforesaid containing about eighty one acres and twenty eight [illegible- hundredths?].
     Also I give and devise unto my said son Edward one other tract of land containing about forty six acres and forty hundredths of an acre to be taken from the west side of the Northwest quarter of fractional section number eight in Township No. five North of Range No. nine. Situate in said County of Wood, to him the said Edward and to his heirs and assigns forever in fee simple.
     Item. I give and devise unto my son Robert Howard, all that tract of land laying south of the Portage River, which is contained in the Northeast quarter of fractional section [illegible] in Township No. Six North of Range No. Thirteen [illegible] district to Lands [illegible] State of Ohio contained about one hundred and five acres to him the said Robert and to his heirs & assigns forever in fee simple.
     Item. I give and devise unto my son Richard M. W. Howard all that tract of land lying North of the Portage River, which is contained in the Northeast quarter of fractional section number twenty three, in township No. Six, north of Range No. thirteen in the district of Lands sold at Delaware aforesaid containing about fifty seven acres more or less, also I give and devise unto my said son Richard one other tract of land to contain [illegible] acres to be taken from the East side of the Northwest quarter of fractional sections No. eight in Township No. five North of Range No. nine laying as it being in the County of wood aforesaid to him the said Richard & to his heirs and assigns forever in fee simple.
     Item. To my two grandson John Howard and David Howard (sons of Alexander Howard) I give and devise the west half of the southwest quarter of Section No. twenty-five in Township No. seven North of Range No. nine Situate lying and being in the County of Wood aforesaid, to them and their heirs and assigns forever in fee simple, the said tract to be equally divided between the said John and David, after they respectively arrive at the age of twenty-one years with this proviso, that is that my said son Alexander shall if he thinks proper use & occupy the said tract of land during his lifetime.
     Item. To my grandson Governor Howard Nelson (son of Joshua Nelson), I give and devise the East half of the South west quarter of Section No. twenty five in township No. seven, north of Range No. nine containing about eighty acres more or less. situate laying and being in the County of Wood aforesaid to him the said Governor his heirs and assigns forever in fee simple, after he arrives at the age of twenty one years.
     Item. I give and bequeath to my son Edward Howard my brace of pistols.
     Item. I give and bequeath to my son Robert all my waring [sic] apparel.
     Item. I give and bequeath to my son Richard M W Howard my smooth bore rifle and my spurs.
     Item. All the rest and residue of my estate, whatsoever kind, nature and quality and wherever the same may be paid out heretofore given and disposed of (after payment of my debts, legacies & funeral expenses). I do give and bequeath as follows to my sons Robert & Richard the remaining third to be equally divided between the said Robert and Richard to them and their heirs absolutely.
     And whereas I have heretofore made advancements to my two sons Alexander Howard and William Howard and also to my daughter Sidney, now the wife of Joshua Nelson, it is my will to give them nothing more.
     And lastly I do thereby constitute and appoint my son Edward Howard and Thomas A McKnight to be executors of this my last will and testament revoking and annulling all former wills by me heretofore made ratifying and confirming this and none other to be my last will and testament.
     In testimony whereof I Thomas Howard have hereunto set my hand and seal the day and date first above written.
* * *
Codicil to the last will and testament of Thomas Howard.
     Whereas I Thomas Howard of Wood County and State of Ohio, have made my last will and testament in writing bearing the date the ninth day of February one thousand eight hundred and twenty five, [illegible] I do by this writing which I hereby declare to be my codicil to my said will [illegible] thereof. I give and devise to my grandson Dresden Winfield Huston Howard (son of Edward Howard) the west half of the southwest quarter of Section No. nine in township No. five North of Range No. nine, containing eighty acres more or less, Situate laying and being in the County of Wood aforesaid. to have and to hold the same to him the said Dresden Winfield Huston Howard his heirs and assigns forever in fee simple. After he arrives at the the west half of the southwest quarter of Section No. nine in township No. five North of Range No. nine, containing eighty acres more or less, Situate laying and being in the County of Wood aforesaid. to have and to hold the same to him the said Dresden Wi the west half of the southwest quarter of Section No. nine in township No. five North of Range No. nine, containing eighty acres more or less, Situate laying and being in the County of Wood aforesaid. to have and to hold the same to him the said Dresden Winfield Huston Howard his heirs and assigns forever in fee simple. After he arrives at the the west half of the southwest quarter of Section No. nine in township No. five North of Range No. nine, containing eighty acres more or less, Situate laying and bein[sic] of twenty one years. Also I give and devise to my grandson Pike Monroe Howard (son of Edward Howard) the east half of the southeast quarter of fractional section No. eight in township No. five north of Range no. nine containing eighty acres more or less situate laying and being in the said County of wood to have and to hold the same to him the said Pike Monroe Howard his heirs and assigns forever in fee simple when he arrives at the age of twenty one year, but in case of death of either of them (my two grandsons last mentioned) before he arrives at the said age of twenty one years then and in that case I do give and devise the share of him so dying to the survivor his heirs and assigns forever. And also whereas in my will aforesaid bearing date as aforesaid I give and bequeathed all the rest and residue of my estate of whatsoever kind and nature the same might be to my three sons Edward, Robert and Richard to be divided as therein directed it is now my will and desire that my household furniture be not included in said legacy and that the same I give to my son Edward exclusively and in addition to my former gifts and granted to him the said Edward. And lastly it is my desire that my present codicil be made a part of my last will and testament to all intents and [illegible]. In witness whereof I Thomas Howard have hereunto set my hand and seal this 28th day of March in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and twenty five. Thomas Howard (Seal)
Signed sealed published and declared by the above named Thomas Howard as a codicil to be made a part to his said last will and testament in the presence of F. W. Powell, Aurora Spafford.^38,39

Edward Howard and Nancy Haight appeared in the census of 1830 at Perrysburg, Wood Co., Ohio, USA; Next door to his brother, Robert A.
p. 325, line 10
     Name:     Edwd Howard
     Home in 1830 (City, County, State):     Perrysburg, Wood, Ohio
     Free White Persons - Males - 5 thru 9:     2 [1821-25] Dresden 1917, James ?
     Free White Persons - Males - 30 thru 39:     1 1791-1800] Edward? 1787
     Free White Persons - Females - Under 5:     1 [aft 1825] Ann Janette 1829
     Free White Persons - Females - 30 thru 39:     1 1791-1800] Nancy (Haight) 1797
     Free White Persons - Under 20:     3
     Free White Persons - 20 thru 49:     2
     Total Free White Persons:     5
     Total - All Persons (Free White, Slaves, Free Colored):     5.⁴⁰
Edward Howard was mentioned in a land transaction on 15 March 1837 at Fulton Co., Ohio, USA,
Memo: Ancestry.com - U.S. General Land Office Records, 1796-1907
     Name:     Edward Howard
     Issue Date:     15 Mar 1837
     Acres:     76.42
     Meridian:     1st PM
     State:     Ohio
     County:     Fulton
     Township:     8-N
     Range:     8-E
     Section:     33
     Accession Number:     OH0690__.342
     Metes and Bounds:     No
     Land Office:     Lima
     Canceled:     No
     US Reservations:     No
     Mineral Reservations:     No
     Authority:     April 24, 1820: Sale-Cash Entry (3 Stat. 566)
     Document Number:     4901
     Source Information: Ancestry.com. U.S. General Land Office Records, 1796-1907 [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2008.
     Original data: United States. Bureau of Land Management, General Land Office Records. Automated Records Project; Federal Land Patents, State Volumes. http://www.glorecords.blm.gov/. Springfield, Virginia: Bureau of Land Management, Eastern States, 2007.⁴¹
Edward Howard was mentioned in a land transaction on 16 March 1837 at Fulton Co., Ohio, USA,
Memo: Ancestry.com - U.S. General Land Office Records, 1796-1907
     Name:     Edward Howard
     Issue Date:     16 Mar 1837
     Acres:     160
     Meridian:     1st PM
     State:     Ohio
     County:     Fulton
     Township:     8-N
     Range:     7-E
     Section:     33
     Accession Number:     OH0700__.003
     Metes and Bounds:     No
     Land Office:     Lima
     Canceled:     No
     US Reservations:     No
     Mineral Reservations:     No
     Authority:     April 24, 1820: Sale-Cash Entry (3 Stat. 566)
     Document Number:     5063
     Source Information: Ancestry.com. U.S. General Land Office Records, 1796-1907 [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2008.
     Original data: United States. Bureau of Land Management, General Land Office Records. Automated Records Project; Federal Land Patents, State Volumes. http://www.glorecords.blm.gov/. Springfield, Virginia: Bureau of Land Management, Eastern States, 2007.⁴²

Edward Howard and Nancy Haight appeared in the census of 1840 at Weston Township, Wood Co., Ohio, USA; p. 394, line 4
     Name:     Edward Howards [Edward Howard]
     Home in 1840 (City, County, State):     Weston, Wood, Ohio
     Free White Persons - Males - 15 thru 19:     1 [1821-25] Unidentified?
     Free White Persons - Males - 20 thru 29:     1 [1811-20] Dresden 1817
     Free White Persons - Males - 50 thru 59:     1 [1781-90] Edward 1787
     Free White Persons - Females - 10 thru 14:     2 [1826-30] Ann Janete 1829, Unidentified?
     Free White Persons - Females - 40 thru 49:     1 [1791-1800] Nancy (Haight) 1797
     Persons Employed in Agriculture:     2
     Persons Employed in Commerce:     1
     Free White Persons - Under 20:     3
     Free White Persons - 20 thru 49:     2
     Total Free White Persons:     6
     Total All Persons - Free White, Free Colored, Slaves:     6.⁴³

Edward Howard left a will on 2 February 1841 at Perrysburg, Wood Co., Ohio, USA; Ancestry.com - Ohio, Wills and Probate Records, 1786-1998
     Name:     Edward Howard
     Probate Date:     12 Feb 1841
     Probate Place:     Perrysburg, Wood Co., Ohio, USA
     Inferred Death Year:     Abt 1841
     Inferred Death Place:     Ohio, USA
     Item Description:     Will Records, Vol 1a-2a, 1820-1861; Will Records, Vol 3, 1861-1874
Transcription:
     "I Edward Howard of Weston Wood County and State of Ohio do make and publish this my last will and testament in manner and form following. That is to say,
     First - It is my will that my funeral expenses and all my first debts be fully paid.
     Second - I give and bequeath to my beloved wife Nancy Howard in lieu of her dower the farm on which I now reside: known as the farm formerly owned by Joseph Keith of which the following is a description. The northeast half of Fractional Section number five Township number five in Range number nine East in the Delaware District containing thirty eight acres. Also the northeast quarter of the northwest quarter of Section number nine in Township number Five North of Range Number nine containing forty acres. Also the west half of the west part of Fractional Section number four Township number five north in Range number nine in the District of Delaware containing fifty acres containing in all one hundred and twenty eight acres. Also four cows and all the household furniture belonging to the house during her natural live.
     Third - I give and bequeath to my daughter Anjanette Howard four heifers to be for her present use.
     Fourth - I give and bequeath to my son Dresden W. H. Howard two thirds of the remainder of all my real estate and personal property or the avails there of.
     Fifth - I give and bequeath to my daughter Anjanett Howard the remaining one third of all my real estate and personal property to remain in the hands of my son Dresden W. H. Howard until she arrives at the age of eighteen years and she is to be well educated and the expenses of her education and support to be paid by the said Dresden W. H. Howard for the use of the property.
     And Lastly - I hereby constitute and appoint my son Dresden W. H. Howard and Francis Hinsdale to be the Executors for this my last will and testament revoking and annulling all former wills by me made and ratifying this and no other to be my last will and testament. In testimony where of I have hereunto set my hand and seal this second day of February on thousand forty on.
     Signed published and declared by the above named Edward Howard as and for his last will and testament in presence of who at his request have signed as witnesses to the same. E. Howard
H. S. Commager, Ken Pratt, Francis Hinsdale


The state of Ohio Wood County ss
     I John Webb clerk of the court of Common Pleas within [covered] County do hereby certify that the foregoing is a true copy of the last will and testament of Edward Howard late of said County deceased, which was on the 11th day of February AD 1841 proved and ordered to be record by said Court. In testimony whereof I have hereunto sat my name and affixed the seal of said Court at Perrysburg in said county this 12th day Feb. AD 1841. Jno Webb Clerk.¹⁷

     Robert Armstrong Howard was born on 10 November 1798 at Ontario Co. (then), New York, USA; his father, Thomas, had moved to Ontario Co., NY by 1798. Knapp [1872:649] says he was born Nov. 10, 1798; Lozer [2016] citing Dequine [2007] says b 10 Nov 1798; Find A Grave says b. 10 Oct 1798.^4,7,8,9 He married Priscilla Nelson on 12 February 1823
; DAR Applications [120330] and [113339] say married 2 Dec 1823; InterState [1886:I:829] says m. 12 Feb. 1823 "and removed to Ohio in the spring of the same year."^4,10,11,12,5
Robert Armstrong Howard died on 26 November 1872 at Fulton Co., Ohio, USA, at age 74; SAR Application #40442 says d 12 Nov 1872, but FindAGrave and tombstone say d 26 Nov 1872. Knapp [1872:649] says d 26 Nov 1872.
Per Knapp [1872:650] : "In a mention of his death, the Toledo commercial of Dec. 4, 1872, said: He remained at the head of the rapids until 1835, when, havihng disposed of the farm which he had made so valuable by the labor ofhis early manood, he removed to the place on which he died and which was then in York township, Lucas county. He immediately took high rank among the early settlers of that part of the country, as was very soon made a Justice of the Peace, which office he held for many years, and used it as a means of effecting a settlement of differences between his neighbors, rather than as a means of litigation. He was a just man, and his advice, oftener than his docket, was made the basis of the adjustment of controversies brought beforehim. After thec ounty of Fulton was established he was employed by the Commissioners to transcribe the recods in the Recorder's offices of the old counties, for use of the new. He was also elected Recorder of Fulton county, and in the performance of all his duties, proved himself a faithful and conscientious officer."^4,13,14
Robert Armstrong Howard was buried after 26 November 1872 at Salsberry Cemetery, Delta, Fulton Co., Ohio, USA; From Find A Grave:
     He was a mentioned with Thomas Howard; The descendant chart for Thomas and Elizabeth (Armstrong) Howard by Mary Agnes Howard McClarren has been very helpful in providing research direction for tracing the descendants of Thomas and Elizabeth. A copy of this chart was provided to me by Carolyn K. Howard of Sunbury, Ohio.⁵ Robert Armstrong Howard was a mentioned with Thomas Howard;      Applications for membership to the Daughters of the American Revolution filed in his are important sources of information on Thomas Howard and dates related to him and some of his chldren. None of these documents lists a daughter named Sarah.
DAR App No. Source #     Date     Information
48119     3287     25 April 1907     Applicant is a descendant of Edward. "Edward Howard was born Nov. 10th 1787" (p. 2). Cites family bible
49224      3288     5 Oct. 1904     Applicant is a descendant of Edward. "Edward Howard son of Thomas Howard was born Nov. 10, 1787" (p. 2) . Cites family bible
71200     3289     20 April 1909     Applicant is a descendant of Edward's brother Robert Armstrong. Applicant Lists Edward as a son, but gives no date of birth.
83328     3290     20 Nov, 1910     Applicant is a descendant of Edward's brother Armstrong. Give's Edward's DOB as "Nov. 10, 1787. Cites Application #71200
104088      3296     17 Oct. 1913     Applicant is a descendant of Edward. Gives year (only) of birth for Edward of 1787. Cites family bible
113339     3291     9 Feb. 1915     Applicant is a descendant of Edward's brother Robert Armstrong. "Edward (born) Nov. 10, 1787". Cites family bible and DAR applications #71200 and 83328.
120330     3292     4 Jan. 1916     Applicant is a descendant of Edward's brother Robert Armstrong. Gives year (only) of birth for Edward of 1787. Cites DAR application #113339
138037     3293     15 Jan. 1918     Applicant is a descendant of Edward. Gives year (only) of birth for Edward of 1787. Cites DAR application #104088
138038     3266     11 Jan. 1918     Applicant is a descendant of Edward. Gives year (only) of birth for Edward of 1787. Cites family bible and DAR applications 48119, 104088.
433402     3294     11 Jan. 1955     Applicant is a descendant of Edward. Gives DOB of Edward as Nov. 10, 1787. Cites family bible and DAR applications #48119
863313     3295     7 July 2008     Applicant is a descendant of William's brother Robert Armstrong. This is the most recent application under Thomas' name and does not give a DOB for Edward. It also does not cite the family bible, but does cite applications #104088 and 433402
NOTE: The DAR asserts ownership of images from their files and purchasers aree "not to post images onine."^{16,17,18,19,20,21,11,10,22,23,24}

Robert Armstrong Howard was listed as a resident in Thomas Howard and Elizabeth Armstrong's household in the census report in 1800 at Seneca Township, Ontario Co., New York, USA; p. 512, line 5
[:TAB:Name:     8 Thomas Howard
     Home in 1800 (City, County, State):     Seneca, Ontario, New York
     Free White Persons - Males - Under 10:     2 [aft 1790] James 1793, Robert 1798
     Free White Persons - Males -10 thru 15:     1 [1785-1790] Edward 1787
     Free White Persons - Males - 16 thru 25:     3 [1775-1785] William 1783, Alexaner 1785, Unidentified
     Free White Persons - Males - 26 thru 44:     1 [1756-1774] Thomas 1758/9
     Free White Persons - Females - Under 10:     1 [aft 1790] Sydney (II) 1795
     Free White Persons - Females - 26 thru 44:     1 [1756-1774] Elizabeth (Armstrong) ca 1761
     Number of Household Members Under 16:     4
     Number of Household Members Over 25:     2
     Number of Household Members:     9.²⁵

Robert Armstrong Howard was listed as a resident in Thomas Howard and Elizabeth Armstrong's household in the census report in 1810 at Benton, Oneida Co. (actually Ontario Co.), New York, USA; Next door to Thomas HART, son of Epenetus
p. 662, line 13
     Name:     Ths Howard
     Home in 1810 (City, County, State):     Benton, Oneida, New York
     Free White Persons - Males - Under 10:     1 [aft 1800] Richard 1801
     Free White Persons - Males - 10 thru 15:     1 [1795-1800] Robert 1798
     Free White Persons - Males - 16 thru 25:     1 [1785-94] Edward 1787
     Free White Persons - Males - 45 and over:     1 [bef 1766] Thomas 1758/59
     Free White Persons - Females - 10 thru 15:     1 [1795-1800] Sydney (II) 1795
     Free White Persons - Females - 45 and over :     1 [bef 1766] Elizabeth (Armstrong) ca 1761
     Number of Household Members Under 16:     3
     Number of Household Members Over 25:     2
     Number of Household Members:     6.²⁶

Robert Armstrong Howard was listed as a resident in Thomas Howard's household in the census report in 1820 at Benton, Ontario Co. (now Yates Co.), New York, USA; [Same page as John McLean and George and James Armstrong. His wife, Elizabeth had died in 1810.]
p. 263, line 77
Name:     Thomas Howard
Home in 1820 (City, County, State):     Benton, Ontario, New York
Enumeration Date:     August 7, 1820 Robert Armstrong Howard emigrated with Thomas Howard and Thomas Lucas on 21 May 1821 at Grand Rapids, Wood Co., Ohio, USA;      per Historical Marker at Howard Cemetery: "Thomas Howard, aged 66, a Revolutionary War veteran, arrived at the head of the great rapids of the Maumee from New York State in 1822. Three cabins were erected for his family and the families of his two sons Edward and Robert..."
     per Leeson [1897:268-9]: "In the reminiscences of Dresden W. H. Howard, it is related that, in May, 1821, his grandfather, Thomas (aged 63 years), his father, Edward (aged 43), his uncle, Robert A. (aged 23), with their wives and children, left Yates county, New York, embarked on Capt. Anson reed's schooner at Cleveland, and on June 17 that year, landed at Orleans of the North."
     per Leeson [1897:471]: "Thomas Howard... came from Yates county, N. Y., in 1823 with his wife, a daughter Sidney, who afterward became Mrs. Howard Davidson, and his three sons - Edward, Robert A., and Richard M. W. with their respective families. Part of the family came by water, the rest taking the land route driving their livestock."
From Waggoner [1888:690-92]: Dresden W. H. Howard was born in Yates County, New York, November 3, 1817. He was a son of Edward, his grandfather being Thomas Howard. May 22, 1821, the grandfather, with his sons Edward, Robert A. and Richard, their wives and two children (Dresden and a cousin named Sidney), and a daughter of Sidney H. Nelson, left their pleasant homes on the banks of Seneca Lake, near Geneva, for the west. The grandfather rode on horseback, the families and small supplies of clothing and household goods being loaded into two two-horse covered wagons. In due time, over roads almost impassable, the party reached the then Village of Buffalo. Here, the grandfather, with the women and children, embarked on board a 30-ton Schooner (name not remembered), commanded by Captain Anson Reed, for a long and perilous voyage to Fort Meigs, 14 miles above the mouth of the Maumee River. This destination was reached at dusk, June 17th, after a trip of 26 days, where they were cordially welcomed by the few white settlers at "Orleans," the little hamlet under the Fort. Dresden's recollection of the scene that met his view on entering the mouth of the River, about 10 o'clock A.M., is yet very clear to him. The dark color of the water of the River was in strong contrast with that of the clear water of the Lake. The scene of chief interest as they slowly passed up the stream, consisted of the white tents of Indians camped on the West bank, from the house of Major Stickney (near Bush Street), to the mouth of Swan Creek - the Indians being there on business with Major Stickney, then Indian Agent for the Government. They were actively engaged in racing and other sports peculiar to Indians: but upon discovering the little Vessel, they gave one wild (to the passengers, unearthly) yell, and ran down the bank, to get as near as possible to the craft. While the boy was deeply interested in the scene, the women were crouched in deadly fear on the deck at such first view of the locality which was to be their home. The Vessel made slow progress up the River, with nothing to be seen but the primeval forest which lined its banks, and a deer and her fawn which had sought protection in the water from swarms of mosquitoes, or from some hunger wolf. In due time, the end of the journey was reached. The teams were many days behind the arrival of the Vessel, they having in bad roads - especially through the "Black Swamp" - more to overcome than the calms and adverse winds of the Lake. The real destination of the party was Tecumseh, or An-au-ba (now known as Ann Arbor), Michigan; but the persuasions of the Hollisters, Spaffords, Forsyths, General Hunt and other residents induced them to stop, when they soon were quartered in little cabins of bark-covered walls. Some cleared land was rented, and a small crop of corn, potatoes, pumpkins, squashes, etc., soon planted. With "dog-days" came ague and fever, attended by want and privation known to none but the pioneer. Several times the entire family was prostrated, with no one able to attend upon the sick. The frosts of October were patiently awaited as the only source of relief to sufferers; which season was made the more grateful for the abundant supplies of fish and corn-"pone," which it brought. The grandfather had little means with which to start in the new home. He first entered 160 acres of Government lands, where now is the Village of Woodville, Sandusky County; but the Black Swamp proved too much for him, and he abandoned his purchase, subsequently selling it to Amos E. Wood, the founder of Woodville. In 1822, lands were purchased at Grand Rapids, Wood County, when cabins were built for Edward, Robert A. and Richard Howard; and in the Spring of 1823 they cut a road from the Indian Mission, eight miles below, through a dense wilderness to the Grand Rapids of Maumee. And founded a settlement immediately opposite the Ottawa Indian Village of Kin-jo-i-no and Reservation of 12 miles square, at the head of the Rapids.
     All of the families, with the grandfather, lived upon their original purchases, cleared away the forests, and made for themselves comfortable homes (save Robert A., who sold his place in 1836, and moved to what now is Fulton County, where he died), and in due time were "gathered to their fathers," their bodies resting on the banks of the Maumee within hearing of the never-ceasing murmur of the Rapids.
     Edward Howard (the father of Dresden) was a Soldier in the War of 1812-15, as was Thomas in the Revolutionary War. The former was at the battles of Lundy's Lane and Fort Erie. He was never robust after the War, and died in 1841. The mother (Nancy Haight Howard) survived him until 1881, dying at the age of 84 years, and being buried beside her husband. The children were Dresden; one brother, James Monroe, born in Yates County, New York; and one sister (Anjinette), born in Wood County. James died in 1841; and the sister is the wife of Hon. George Laskey, of Toledo. Coming here in childhood, with Indian boys for playmates, Dresden learned the languages of the several tribes in the Valley, and became more or less attached to Indian life. His inclinations early turned toward Indian trade and the hunter's life. The fur trade with the tribes was then a lucrative business, and his readiness with their dialects made his services in demand by traders, who paid well for them. With others, he was employed by Government Agents in collecting the wandering bands for removal to their new homes beyond the Mississippi in 1832, and again in 1838. In 1832 he aided the removal, when they were transported across the country by wagons and on the backs of their ponies. For a boy, the trip was attractive. Scarcely any settlement was passed for the whole distance. The Indians were located on the banks of the Osage River (now in Kansas), where is the Town of Ottawa, name for the tribe. In 1840, Mr. Howard was employed by W. G. and Geo. W. Ewing, fur traders at Fort Wayne, Indiana, to take a stock of Indian goods up the Missouri River, and open trade with the Omahas, Missouries, lower Sioux, Pottawatomies and other tribes inhabiting the Valley and tributaries of that stream. His father and brother dying in 1841, made it necessary for him to return and care for an invalid mother and his sister, and accept the more quiet life of farming and civilization, for which his previous experience had done little toward fitting him. His school days (from seven to 10 years) were entirely spent at the "Old Indian Mission," 10 miles above Fort Meigs, in a School of 100 Indian children - he being the only White pupil, save a few Indian and French half-breed boys and girls. That School was organized by the Home Missionary Society of New England, and was closed upon the removal of the Indians in 1838.
     The tribes inhabiting the Valley of the Maumee, and also that of the Wabash and their tributaries, at the time of Mr. Howard's earliest recollections (and for many years before), were the Ottawas, Pottawatomies, Miamis, We-aws, Piankishaws, Shawnees and Delawares, with a few of the Ochibewas and Muncies. The principal Chiefs of the Ottawas were Na-wash, O-to-saw, Char-lo, Oeque-nox-ie, Kin-jo-a-no, Ot-to-kee, Wa-se-on, Wa-se-on-i-quet, and others/. Of the Pottawatomies were Waw-bon-see, Baw-beece, Me-te-ah, Win-a-meg; of the Miamis, La Fountain and Richard-ville, with many others, whose names are not recalled; of Shawnees, were Joseph and William Parks, whose Reservation was at Wa-pa-kon-neta. The Walkers (half-breeds) were principal men among the Wyandotts at Upper Sandusky. Turkey Foot (Mis-sis-sa-inzit), was a noted Ottawa Chief, as was O-to-saw. Little Turtle (Mis-she-kenee) perhaps was the most noted, as he was the most intelligent Chief of the Miamis, who, Mr. Howard things, lies buried near Fort Wayne, Indiana. Turkey Foot was buried near the rock from which he harangued his Braves when he fell with a bullet from one of Wayne's soldiers, August 20, 1794. Mr. Howard's memory is stored with facts and associations connected with the aboriginal tribes with whom he was so long intimate. When asked by Governor Noyes, of Ohio, why he always spoke with such special kindness of the Indians, he replied, "They have always, in childhood and in manhood, treated me with kindness, and I could not be ungrateful for their uniform generosity. Treat an Indian justly, and you will secure his friendship for life. Treat him illy, and you have his enmity for life." Mr. Howard's present residence is on the site of the old Indian Village of Winameg, Fulton County, where the former residents so long enjoyed savage life, and where so many of them found their last resting place, which is now carefully protected. The Red Man has taken his last drink from the shaded spring at the foot of the hill, his last look upon the landscape so long his pride, and now sleeps nearer the setting Sun. In the Spring of 1827-28, Mr. Howard - then a boy of 10 years - first visited that locality, and there ate his first bowl of hominy and roast venison, and took his first drink from the pure waters of the spring. The Indians had just returned from their Winter hunting-grounds in the pine and sugar-maple forest of the then wild Territory, now the fertile and rich State of Michigan, where they had enjoyed a successful hunt; bringing in a bountiful supply of Maple sugar (of which they were fond). They were having their annual dance or worship of the Great Spirit (Chi Manitoo), returning thanks for success in the hunt, and asking for a prosperous season to come. For the Summer, the women were to plant and how, while the men, besides lounging about, were to look for an occasional deer. Corn, beans and pumpkins were still planted there; but not by the faithful, patient squaws of former days.
     Mr. Howard, with all his early attachment for the primitive ways of the Indians, has not been backward in promoting the methods and means of Christian civilization. For forty years past he has been identified, to greater or less extent with the agricultural, the financial, the political, and the social movements of the age, seeking faithfully to meet his full duty in these several relations of life. In promoting the construction of good roads, elevating the farming interests, and the establishment of sound morals and general education, he has been active. In 1870 he represented the Tenth District on the State Board of Equalization. Elected to the State Senate in 1871 from the Thirty-Third District, he served in that body for two years. In 1860 he was Presidential Elector, casting the vote of the Fifth Congressional District for Abraham Lincoln. Of all his record in connection with elections, that which gives him his chief pride, was made in the fight for the exclusion of the sale of intoxicating liquors at Wauseon, in April, 1887. He was appointed by Governor Foraker, April 1, 1887, a Trustee of the Toledo Asylum for the Insane, constructed for the State, near Toledo. Mr. Howard was married in 1843 with Mary b. Copeland. There were born to them two children - Osceola E. M., Civil Engineer, of San Diego, California; and M. Agnes, now residing with her parents at Wauseon, Ohio.
per Knapp [1872:649-50]: "Thomas Howard, from Yates county, N. Y., landed at fort Meigs in the spring of 1823. He and part of the families made the trip from buffalo n a 30 ton schooner, commanded by Capt. Almon Reed - the teams and livestock being driven over land by another part of his family, which struck the Maumee at a point now known as East Toledo. From here they proceeded up the river to Fort Meigs, experiencing some difficulty in urging their livestock through the Indian camps, which at that time lined the banks of the Maumee, and snuffing danger afar off, the horses and cattle manifested greater fear of these lords of the forest than did their owners. The branches of the emigrating families, some taking the water, and others the overland route, and which came to the Maumee Valley at that time, consisted of his three sons, Edward, Robert A., and Richard M. W. Howard, and their several families. Subsequently these households, and also a daughter, Mrs. Sidney Howard Davison (now a resident of La Salle Co., Ill, and aged 77 years) removed to the head of the rapids of the Maumee (Gilead). Thomas Howard, born November 15, 1758, died at the head of the rapids, May 25, 1825."^28,9,29,6

Robert Armstrong Howard lived circa May 1823 at Fort Meigs, Perrysburg, Wood Co., Ohio, USA; InterState [1886:I:829] says "... Robert Armstrong and Priscilla (Nelson) Howard were natives of New York State. They were married Feb. 12, 1823 and removed to Ohio in the spring of the same year."¹²
In Thomas Howard's will dated 9 February 1825 at Wood Co., Ohio, USA, Robert Armstrong Howard was named as an heir; Book A, p. 10, wills of Wood Co., OH
Ancestry.com - Ohio, Wills and Probate Records, 1786-1998
     Name:     Thomas Howard
     Probate Date:     12 Dec 1825
     Probate Place:     Wood, Ohio, USA
     Inferred Death Year:     Abt 1825
     Inferred Death Place:     Ohio, USA
     Item Description:     Will Records, Vol 1a-2a, 1820-1861; Will Records, Vol 3, 1861-1874
     Source Citation: Probate Records, (Wood County, Ohio) 1820-1932; General Index, Ca. 1820-1932; Probate Place: Wood, Ohio
     Source Information: Ancestry.com. Ohio, Wills and Probate Records, 1786-1998 [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2015.
Text of Will (transcribed by G A Vaut 11 April 2016):
     "The last will and testament of Thomas Howard of the county of wood in the State of Ohio. In the name of God Amen.
     I Thomas Howard of the county aforesaid being aged and infirm in body though of sound mind and memory and mindful of my approaching mortality, do this ninth day of February in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and twenty five make and publish this my last will and testament in manner following:
     First I desire to be desintly [sic] buried.
     Item. I give and devise unto my eldest son Edward Howard, the East part of the Northwest quarter of fractional section number twenty in Township number six, North of Range Number ten being in the County of Wood aforesaid containing about eighty one acres and twenty eight [illegible- hundredths?].
     Also I give and devise unto my said son Edward one other tract of land containing about forty six acres and forty hundredths of an acre to be taken from the west side of the Northwest quarter of fractional section number eight in Township No. five North of Range No. nine. Situate in said County of Wood, to him the said Edward and to his heirs and assigns forever in fee simple.
     Item. I give and devise unto my son Robert Howard, all that tract of land laying south of the Portage River, which is contained in the Northeast quarter of fractional section [illegible] in Township No. Six North of Range No. Thirteen [illegible] district to Lands [illegible] State of Ohio contained about one hundred and five acres to him the said Robert and to his heirs & assigns forever in fee simple.
     Item. I give and devise unto my son Richard M. W. Howard all that tract of land lying North of the Portage River, which is contained in the Northeast quarter of fractional section number twenty three, in township No. Six, north of Range No. thirteen in the district of Lands sold at Delaware aforesaid containing about fifty seven acres more or less, also I give and devise unto my said son Richard one other tract of land to contain [illegible] acres to be taken from the East side of the Northwest quarter of fractional sections No. eight in Township No. five North of Range No. nine laying as it being in the County of wood aforesaid to him the said Richard & to his heirs and assigns forever in fee simple.
     Item. To my two grandson John Howard and David Howard (sons of Alexander Howard) I give and devise the west half of the southwest quarter of Section No. twenty-five in Township No. seven North of Range No. nine Situate lying and being in the County of Wood aforesaid, to them and their heirs and assigns forever in fee simple, the said tract to be equally divided between the said John and David, after they respectively arrive at the age of twenty-one years with this proviso, that is that my said son Alexander shall if he thinks proper use & occupy the said tract of land during his lifetime.
     Item. To my grandson Governor Howard Nelson (son of Joshua Nelson), I give and devise the East half of the South west quarter of Section No. twenty five in township No. seven, north of Range No. nine containing about eighty acres more or less. situate laying and being in the County of Wood aforesaid to him the said Governor his heirs and assigns forever in fee simple, after he arrives at the age of twenty one years.
     Item. I give and bequeath to my son Edward Howard my brace of pistols.
     Item. I give and bequeath to my son Robert all my waring [sic] apparel.
     Item. I give and bequeath to my son Richard M W Howard my smooth bore rifle and my spurs.
     Item. All the rest and residue of my estate, whatsoever kind, nature and quality and wherever the same may be paid out heretofore given and disposed of (after payment of my debts, legacies & funeral expenses). I do give and bequeath as follows to my sons Robert & Richard the remaining third to be equally divided between the said Robert and Richard to them and their heirs absolutely.
     And whereas I have heretofore made advancements to my two sons Alexander Howard and William Howard and also to my daughter Sidney, now the wife of Joshua Nelson, it is my will to give them nothing more.
     And lastly I do thereby constitute and appoint my son Edward Howard and Thomas A McKnight to be executors of this my last will and testament revoking and annulling all former wills by me heretofore made ratifying and confirming this and none other to be my last will and testament.
     In testimony whereof I Thomas Howard have hereunto set my hand and seal the day and date first above written.
* * *
Codicil to the last will and testament of Thomas Howard.
     Whereas I Thomas Howard of Wood County and State of Ohio, have made my last will and testament in writing bearing the date the ninth day of February one thousand eight hundred and twenty five, [illegible] I do by this writing which I hereby declare to be my codicil to my said will [illegible] thereof. I give and devise to my grandson Dresden Winfield Huston Howard (son of Edward Howard) the west half of the southwest quarter of Section No. nine in township No. five North of Range No. nine, containing eighty acres more or less, Situate laying and being in the County of Wood aforesaid. to have and to hold the same to him the said Dresden Winfield Huston Howard his heirs and assigns forever in fee simple. After he arrives at the the west half of the southwest quarter of Section No. nine in township No. five North of Range No. nine, containing eighty acres more or less, Situate laying and being in the County of Wood aforesaid. to have and to hold the same to him the said Dresden Wi the west half of the southwest quarter of Section No. nine in township No. five North of Range No. nine, containing eighty acres more or less, Situate laying and being in the County of Wood aforesaid. to have and to hold the same to him the said Dresden Winfield Huston Howard his heirs and assigns forever in fee simple. After he arrives at the the west half of the southwest quarter of Section No. nine in township No. five North of Range No. nine, containing eighty acres more or less, Situate laying and bein[sic] of twenty one years. Also I give and devise to my grandson Pike Monroe Howard (son of Edward Howard) the east half of the southeast quarter of fractional section No. eight in township No. five north of Range no. nine containing eighty acres more or less situate laying and being in the said County of wood to have and to hold the same to him the said Pike Monroe Howard his heirs and assigns forever in fee simple when he arrives at the age of twenty one year, but in case of death of either of them (my two grandsons last mentioned) before he arrives at the said age of twenty one years then and in that case I do give and devise the share of him so dying to the survivor his heirs and assigns forever. And also whereas in my will aforesaid bearing date as aforesaid I give and bequeathed all the rest and residue of my estate of whatsoever kind and nature the same might be to my three sons Edward, Robert and Richard to be divided as therein directed it is now my will and desire that my household furniture be not included in said legacy and that the same I give to my son Edward exclusively and in addition to my former gifts and granted to him the said Edward. And lastly it is my desire that my present codicil be made a part of my last will and testament to all intents and [illegible]. In witness whereof I Thomas Howard have hereunto set my hand and seal this 28th day of March in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and twenty five. Thomas Howard (Seal)
Signed sealed published and declared by the above named Thomas Howard as a codicil to be made a part to his said last will and testament in the presence of F. W. Powell, Aurora Spafford.^30,31
Robert Armstrong Howard was mentioned in a land transaction on 2 May 1826 at Wood Co., Ohio, USA,
Memo: Ancestry.com - U.S. General Land Office Records, 1796-1907
     Name:     Robert A Howard
     Issue Date:     2 May 1826
     Acres:     80
     Meridian:     1st PM
     State:     Ohio
     County:     Wood
     Township:     5-N
     Range:     9-E
     Section:     7
     Accession Number:     OH0770__.462
     Metes and Bounds:     No
     Land Office:     Delaware
     Canceled:     No
     US Reservations:     No
     Mineral Reservations:     No
     Authority:     April 24, 1820: Sale-Cash Entry (3 Stat. 566)
     Document Number:     3034
     Source Information:
Ancestry.com. U.S. General Land Office Records, 1796-1907 [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2008.
     Original data: United States. Bureau of Land Management, General Land Office Records. Automated Records Project; Federal Land Patents, State Volumes. http://www.glorecords.blm.gov/. Springfield, Virginia: Bureau of Land Management, Eastern States, 2007.³²

Robert Armstrong Howard and Priscilla Nelson appeared in the census of 1830 at Perrysburg, Wood Co., Ohio, USA; Next door to his brother, Edward
p. 325, line 11
     Name:     Robt A Howard
     Home in 1830 (City, County, State):     Perrysburg, Wood, Ohio
     Free White Persons - Males - Under 5:     3 [aft 1825] Augustus 1826, Nelson 1828, William 1829
     Free White Persons - Males - 10 thru 14:     1 [1816-20] Unidentified?
     Free White Persons - Males - 30 thru 39:     1 [1791-1800] Robert 1798
     Free White Persons - Females - Under 5:     1 [aft 1825] Aurelia 1826
     Free White Persons - Females - 5 thru 9:     1 [1821-25] Phebe 1824
     Free White Persons - Females - 20 thru 29:     1 [1801-10] Priscilla 1799
     Free White Persons - Under 20:     6
     Free White Persons - 20 thru 49:     2
     Total Free White Persons:     8
     Total - All Persons (Free White, Slaves, Free Colored):     8.³³ Robert Armstrong Howard and Edwin/Edward Ruthven Howard were was mentioned in a land transaction by James Montgomery Howard Sr. on 20 June 1835 at Weston Township, Wood Co., Ohio, USA, Edward R. and James M. Howard purchase land in Weston from Thomas and Jane E. Silsbee with condition that they care for their mother Hannah Howard and educate their sister Angenett Howard.

     "Know all men by these presents: That we Thomas Silsby and Jane his wife of Wood County Ohio for the consideration of one hundred and twenty dollars to us in hand paid the receipt of which is hereby asknowledged have granted bargained sold remised released and forever quit claimed and by these presents do remise release and forever quit claim unto Edwin R. Howard and James M. Howard & to their heirs and assigns forever all that tract or parcel of land situate lying and being in Weston Township and Wood County and known as being the East half of the West part of fractional section number four Township number five North in Range number nine east in the District of Delaware and State of Ohio containing fifty acres more or less and bounded on the East by lands of John Fowler and on the West by Edward Howard and was patented to John Morgan and by his heirs conveyed to Thomas Silsbee together with all and singular the hereditaments and appurtenances there to belonging or in any wise appertaining and the reversions remainders rents issues and profits thereof and all the estate right title interest claim or demand whatsoever of us the said Thomas Silsbee and Jane his wife either in law or equity of in and to the above bargained premises to have and to hold the same to the said Edwin R. and James M. Howard and to their heirs and assigns forever. The condition of the above deed is such that if the said Edward R. and James M. Howard shall keep maintain & support Hannah Howard widow of William Howard deceased with good comfortable victuals clothing and lodging during her natural life and laso comfortably maintain keep clothe and support and educate so far as a common English education and in a suitable and proper manner for girl of her situation Angenett Howard daughter of the said Hannah until she shall arrive at the aige of eighteen years if she shall so long live that then and in that case the above deed shall be binding in full force and virtue in law otherwise to be void and of no effect. For testimony whereof we have hereto set our hands and seals this twentieth day of June AD 1835.l Signed sealed acknowledged & delivered ni presence of Robt A. Howard. (Signed) thomas Silsbee Jane E. Silsbee."³⁴
Robert Armstrong Howard was mentioned in a land transaction on 15 March 1837 at Fulton Co., Ohio, USA,
Memo: Ancestry.com - U.S. General Land Office Records, 1796-1907
     Name:     Robert A Howard
     Issue Date:     15 Mar 1837
     Acres:     170
     Meridian:     1st PM
     State:     Ohio
     County:     Fulton
     Township:     7-N
     Range:     7-E
     Section:     4
     Accession Number:     OH0680__.317
     Metes and Bounds:     No
     Land Office:     Lima
     Canceled:     No
     US Reservations:     No
     Mineral Reservations:     No
     Authority:     April 24, 1820: Sale-Cash Entry (3 Stat. 566)
     Document Number:     4367
     Source Information: Ancestry.com. U.S. General Land Office Records, 1796-1907 [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2008.
     Original data: United States. Bureau of Land Management, General Land Office Records. Automated Records Project; Federal Land Patents, State Volumes. http://www.glorecords.blm.gov/. Springfield, Virginia: Bureau of Land Management, Eastern States, 2007.³⁵
Robert Armstrong Howard was mentioned in a land transaction on 15 March 1837 at Fulton Co., Ohio, USA,
Memo: Ancestry.com - U.S. General Land Office Records, 1796-1907
     Name:     Robert A Howard
     Issue Date:     15 Mar 1837
     Acres:     120
     Meridian:     1st PM
     State:     Ohio
     County:     Fulton
     Township:     8-N
     Range:     7-E
     Section:     33
     Accession Number:     OH0680__.318
     Metes and Bounds:     No
     Land Office:     Lima
     Canceled:     No
     US Reservations:     No
     Mineral Reservations:     No
     Authority:     April 24, 1820: Sale-Cash Entry (3 Stat. 566)
     Document Number:     4368
     Source Information: Ancestry.com. U.S. General Land Office Records, 1796-1907 [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2008.
     Original data: United States. Bureau of Land Management, General Land Office Records. Automated Records Project; Federal Land Patents, State Volumes. http://www.glorecords.blm.gov/. Springfield, Virginia: Bureau of Land Management, Eastern States, 2007.³⁶

Robert Armstrong Howard and Priscilla Nelson appeared in the census of 1840 at York Township, Lucas Co., Ohio, USA; p. 277, line 13
     Name:     Robert A Howard
     Home in 1840 (City, County, State):     York, Lucas, Ohio
     Free White Persons - Males - Under 5:     2 [aft 1835] Janes Walter 1837, Thomas ca 1840
     Free White Persons - Males - 5 thru 9:     3 [1831-35] William Henry 1829, Edwin A. 1833, Richard W. 1834
     Free White Persons - Males - 10 thru 14:     2 [1826-30] Augustus Aurelius 1826, Nelson Montgomery 1828
     Free White Persons - Males - 40 thru 49:     1 [1791-1800] Robert 1798
     Free White Persons - Females - 10 thru 14:     1 [1826-30] Aurelia Augusta 1826
     Free White Persons - Females - 15 thru 19:     1 [1821-25] Unidentified?
     Free White Persons - Females - 40 thru 49:     1 [1791-1800] Priscilla (Nelson) 1799
     Persons Employed in Agriculture:     1
     Free White Persons - Under 20:     9
     Free White Persons - 20 thru 49:     2
     Total Free White Persons:     11
     Total All Persons - Free White, Free Colored, Slaves:     11.³⁷

Robert Armstrong Howard and Priscilla Nelson appeared in the census of 20 August 1850 at Pike Township, Fulton Co., Ohio, USA; NB: The son Edwin is for some reason not listed in this census enumeration.

p. 297-A, lines 20-29, dwelling 390, family 392
     20 HOWARD, R. A. 51 [1799] M Landlord $2000 NY
     21 " , Priscilla 51 [1799] F NY
     22 " , Augustus 24 [1826] M farmer Ohio Married
     23 " , Sarah A. 24 [1826] F NY Married
     24 " , Wm 20 [1830] Clerk OH attended school
     25 " , Richard 15 [1835] M farmer OH attended school
     26 " , James 12 [1838] M OH attended school
     27 " , Thomas 10 [1840] M OH attended school
     28 " , Augusta 24 [1826] F Ohio
     29 HARPER, Elsa 10 [1840] F OH attended school.³⁸

Robert Armstrong Howard and Priscilla Nelson appeared in the census of 27 June 1860 at Pike Township, Fulton Co., Ohio, USA; p. 393, lines 2-5, dwelling 451, family 440
     2 HOWARD, R. 61 [1799] M Farmer $1500 $300 NY
     3 " , Priscilla 71 [1799] F NY
     4 " , James 22 [1838] M Farmer OH
     5 " , Margaret 22 [1838] F OH.³⁹

Robert Armstrong Howard and Priscilla Nelson appeared in the census of 8 July 1870 at Pike Township, Fulton Co., Ohio, USA; p. 172-B, Lines 39-40, dwelling 149, family 148
     39 HOWARD, Robt. 71 [1799] M W Farmer NY
     40 " , Priscilla 71 [1799] F W Keeping house NY.⁴⁰