Person Page - 2171

     Asa Hakonsdotter (?) married Harald I "Haarfagre/Fairhair" (?) King of Norway, son of Halfdan II "The Black" Gudrodson (?) and Ragnhild Sigurdsdottir (?),
;
His 1st wife.^1,5,6,7
      ; Per Genealogy.EU (Norway 2): “King Harald I "Fairhair" of Norway (863-930) abdicated, *858/860, +934/940; 1m: Asa Hakonsdotter, dau.of Hakon Ladejarl; 2m: Gyda, dau.of King Eirik of Hoerdeland; 3m: Svanhild, dau.of Eystein, Jarl in Hedemarken; 4m: Snaefried, dau.of Finnen Svase; 5m: Alvhild, dau.of Ring Dagsson of Ringerike; 6m: Pss Ragnhild "the Rich" of Haithabu”.¹

; Per Genealogy.EU (Norway 4): “A3. Asa; m.King Harald I "Fairhair" of Norway (+940)”.⁸

; Per Med Lands:
     "HARALD, son of HALFDAN "Swarti/the Black" King of Vestfold & his second wife Ragnhild ([853/54] or 860-Hogaland 933, 934 or 940, bur Haugar in Karmtsund, near the church in Haugesund). The Historia Norwegie names "Haraldus Comatus" as son and successor of "Halfdanus…Niger", recording that he reigned for 73 years and had 16 sons[44]. Snorre names Harald as the son of Halfdan "the Black" & his second wife[45]. According to Snorre, Harald was ten years old when he succeeded his father as King at Vestfold[46]. He conquered the area around Trondheim where Haakon Grjotgardson Jarl of Haalogaland accepted his overlordship. He was supported by the Jarl of Möre. The local rulers farther south joined forces against Harald, but were defeated in the naval battle at Hafrsfjord, after which Harald became ruler of all Norway as HARALD I "Hårfagre/Harfagri/Fairhair" King of Norway. He corresponded with Athelstan King of Wessex, and dispatched a mission to England led by Helgrim and Osfrid who presented Athelstan with an ornate warship at York[47]. During his lifetime King Harald divided his kingdom between his sons and gave them all the title king. He decreed the title hereditary in the male line, and that his descendants in the female line should have the title Jarl. He granted:
** Vingulmark, Raumarike, Vestfold and Thelamark to his sons Olav, Björn, Sigtryg, Frode and Thorgils;
** Hedemark and Gudbrandsdal to his sons Dag, Hring and Ragnar;
** Ringerike, Hadeland, Thoten and their dependencies to his sons by Snæfrid;
** Hordaland and Sogn to his sons Hrorek and Gudrod;
** Halogaland, North More and Raumsdal to his son Eirik;
** his son Guthrom retained the lands which he already controlled;
** the land north of Trondheim to Halfdan "the Black", Halfdan "the White" and Sigrod.
     "The division resulted in major disputes between his sons about who would inherit the overall kingship[48]. The dating of this division is difficult to assess, but from the chronology of events recorded by Snorre it appears to have occurred before the birth of King Harald's son Haakon, which is dated to [919]. King Harald abdicated in 930 "when he was 80 years old" in favour of his son Erik, died three years later in 933, and was buried "under a mound at Haugar in Karmtsund, near the church in Haugesund"[49].
     "m firstly ASA Haakonsdatter, daughter of Jarl HAAKON Grjotgardson [Ladejarl] & his wife ---. Snorre records the marriage of King Harald and "Asa, a daughter of Earl Hakon Grjotgardson"[50].
     "m secondly GYDA, daughter of ERIK King at Hördeland & his wife ---. Snorre names "Gyda, daughter of King Eirik of Hordaland…brought up as foster-child in the house of a great bonde in Valdres", narrating that, when King Harald asked for her hand she refused, saying that she would only marry the person who ruled the whole of Norway, which inspired him to conquer the country[51]. Snorre records their marriage in a later passage[52].
     "m thirdly SVANHILD, daughter of EYSTEIN "Glumra" Jarl of the Uplanders [in Kristian and Hedemarken] & his wife ---. Snorre names "Snahild, a daughter of Earl Eystein" as one of the wives of King Harald[53].
     "m fourthly SNEFRIED, daughter of SVASE the Finn & his wife ---. Snorre names Snæfried, the daughter of Svase the Finn, who ensnared King Harald with a magic potion which was effective even after her death. The spell was only broken when her body was burned on a funeral pyre at which time "serpents and lizards and toads and every species of venomous reptile continued to issue from it"[54].
     "m fifthly ALVHILD, daughter of RING Dagsson of Ringerike & his wife ---. Snorre names "lastly Ashild, a daughter of Hring Dagson" as one of the wives of King Harald[55].
     "m sixthly ([894]) RAGNHILD Eriksdatter "the Rich", daughter of RÖRIK [Horik/Erik] [King of the Danes] & his wife --- (-[897). Snorre names "Ragnhild the Mighty, a daughter of King Eirik from Jutland" as one of the wives of King Harald, commenting that "it is said that he put away nine wives" when he married her[56]. According to Snorre, "Queen Ragnhild the Mighty" lived three years after she came to Norway[57].
     "Mistress (1): ---. The name of King Harald's first mistress is not known.
     "Mistress (2): THORA Mosterstang, daughter of ---. Snorre names Thora Mosterstang "from Moster…connected with Kare Aslakson of Hordaland" as the mother of King Harald's son Haakon[58].
     "In addition to the sons referred to below, the Historia Norwegie names "sextus Gunrodus…decimus Eusteinus, XI Iorundus, XIII Ynguar, XIV Truggui, XV Ringr, XVI Rolfr" as sons of "Haraldus Comatus"[59]. These sons are not named in the Sagas and have been omitted from this document.
King Harald I & his first wife had four children:
1. GUTTORM (-killed in battle after [915]).
2. HALFDAN "Swarti/the Black" (-Trondheim [932]).
3. HALFDAN "Hvide/the White" (-killed in battle Estonia after [915]).
4. SIGRÖD (-killed in battle Tunsberg 934, bur Tunsberg).
King Harald I & his second wife had five children:
5. ALOF "Aarbod/Season-bettering".
6. RÖREK.
7. SIGGTRYGG.
8. FRODE.
9. THORGILS.
King Harald I & his third wife had three children:
10. OLAV Geirstadaalf (-killed in battle Tunsberg 934, bur Tunsberg).
11. BJÖRN.
12. RAGNAR Rykkil.
King Harald I & his fourth wife had four children[90]:
13. SIGURD "Hrise" .
14. HALFDAN "Haaleg" (-killed in battle [894]).
15. GUDRÖD Ljome .
16. RAGNVALD Rettilbein.
King Harald I & his fifth wife had four children:
17. DAG.
18. RING.
19. GUDRÖD Skirja.
20. INGEGERD.
King Harald & his sixth wife had one child:
21. ERIK ([895]-murdered Stainmore Westmoreland 954).
King Harald I had one illegitimate daughter by Mistress (1):
22. INGEBORG.
King Harald I had one illegitimate son by Mistress (2):
23. HAAKON ([Alrekstad] [919]-[Alrekstad] 960, bur Saeheim, North Hordaland[179])."
Med Lands cites:

; This is the same person as ”Åsa Håkonsdatter” at Wikipedia (NO).⁹

; Asa Hakonsdotter, dau.of Hakon Ladejarl.¹

; Per Med Lands:
     "ASA Haakonsdatter. Snorre records the marriage of King Harald and "Asa, a daughter of Earl Hakon Grjotgardson"[71].
     "m as his first wife, HARALD I "Hårfagre/Harfagri/Fairhair" King of Norway, son of HALFDAN "Swarti/the Black" King of Vestfold & his second wife [Ragnhild Sigurdsdatter] ([853/54] or 860-Hogaland 933, 934 or 940, bur "under a mound at Haugar in Karmtsund, near the church in Haugesund"). "
Med Lands cites:

     Håkon Grjotgardsson (?) Ladejarl was born circa 838.³
Håkon Grjotgardsson (?) Ladejarl died circa 900.^1,3
     Reference: Genealogics cites: Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag, Marburg, Schwennicke, Detlev (Ed.) 2:106.³

; Per Med Lands:
     "HAAKON Grjotgardson, son of --- (-killed in battle Fialar, Stavanger fjord [869]). Jarl of Haalogaland [north Norway]. King Harald "Fairhair" conquered his lands around Trondheim. Jarl Haakon accepted King Harald's overlordship. He took up residence in the area of Lade in Trondheim. Snorre records the death in battle of "Earl Hakon Grjotgardson" in 869 at Fialar in Stavanger fjord, after a dispute with "Earl Atle Mjove" over the control of Firdafylke, which King Harald had granted to Haakon[70]. It is unlikely that this date is correct, assuming that the dates of death of Haakon´s death are correctly recorded as shown below.
     "m ---."
Med Lands cites:

; This is the same person as:
”Håkon Grjotgardsson” at Wikipedia and as
”Håkon Grjotgardsson Ladejarl” at Wikipedia (NO).^6,7

; Per Genealogics:
     “Håkon Grjotgardsson, nicknamed Håkon 'the Rich', was born about 838, the son and heir of Grjotgard Herlaugsson Lade. Håkon became the ruler of the petty kingdom of Trondelag as the jarl of Lade in the eastern part of Trondheim, Norway, when he succeeded his father. His daughter Asa married Harald I Haarfagre, king of Norway, and was the mother of Guttorm Haraldsson. Håkon was also the father of Sigurd Håkonsson, who would have progeny.
     “Håkon had his royal residence at Orlandet in Orland at the mouth of the Trondheimsfjord. The exact extent of his control over the area is not well known.
     “Håkon sought to extend his kingdom southwards. Harald Haarfagre advanced across the mountains of Eastern Norway to subjugate Trondelag. After some fighting, Håkon and Harald joined their forces. Håkon was made jarl of Sunnfjord and Nordfjord.
     “After Harald Haarfagre conquered More and Fjordane, he assigned the governance of the former to Rognvald Eynsteinsson and the later to Håkon. Atle Mjove continued to govern Sogn. Håkon and Atle Mjove soon came into conflict over Sogn and fought the battle of Fjaler about 900, in which Håkon was killed. Atle Mjove was severely wounded in the battle and taken to Atloy where he died.”.³ GAV-32.

     Eirik (?) King of Hördeland was born circa 830.²
      ; Per Genealogics:
     “Eirik was king of Hördeland, a petty kingdom in southern Norway. He led the first attack against Harald Haarfagre, then king of the petty kingdom of Vestfold, at the Battle of Hafrsfjord. Defeated by Harald, Eirik was killed in the battle, as were many of his allies. The Battle of Hafrsfjord has traditionally been regarded as the battle in which western Norway for the first time was unified under one monarch, Harald Haarfagre. It is not known exactly when it was fought. Eirik's daughter Gyda became the second wife of Harald Haarfagre, according to legend only after he had achieved the unification of Norway under his rule.”.²

Reference: Genealogics cites: Europäische Stammtafeln, Band I, Frank Baron Freytag von Loringhoven, 1975, Isenburg, W. K. Prinz von. 75.²

; This is the same person as ”Eirik of Hordaland” at Wikipedia.³ GAV-34.

     Snaefried (?) married Harald I "Haarfagre/Fairhair" (?) King of Norway, son of Halfdan II "The Black" Gudrodson (?) and Ragnhild Sigurdsdottir (?),
;
His 4th wife.^1,3,4
     ; Per Genealogy.EU (Norway 2): “King Harald I "Fairhair" of Norway (863-930) abdicated, *858/860, +934/940; 1m: Asa Hakonsdotter, dau.of Hakon Ladejarl; 2m: Gyda, dau.of King Eirik of Hoerdeland; 3m: Svanhild, dau.of Eystein, Jarl in Hedemarken; 4m: Snaefried, dau.of Finnen Svase; 5m: Alvhild, dau.of Ring Dagsson of Ringerike; 6m: Pss Ragnhild "the Rich" of Haithabu”.¹
; Per Med Lands:
     "HARALD, son of HALFDAN "Swarti/the Black" King of Vestfold & his second wife Ragnhild ([853/54] or 860-Hogaland 933, 934 or 940, bur Haugar in Karmtsund, near the church in Haugesund). The Historia Norwegie names "Haraldus Comatus" as son and successor of "Halfdanus…Niger", recording that he reigned for 73 years and had 16 sons[44]. Snorre names Harald as the son of Halfdan "the Black" & his second wife[45]. According to Snorre, Harald was ten years old when he succeeded his father as King at Vestfold[46]. He conquered the area around Trondheim where Haakon Grjotgardson Jarl of Haalogaland accepted his overlordship. He was supported by the Jarl of Möre. The local rulers farther south joined forces against Harald, but were defeated in the naval battle at Hafrsfjord, after which Harald became ruler of all Norway as HARALD I "Hårfagre/Harfagri/Fairhair" King of Norway. He corresponded with Athelstan King of Wessex, and dispatched a mission to England led by Helgrim and Osfrid who presented Athelstan with an ornate warship at York[47]. During his lifetime King Harald divided his kingdom between his sons and gave them all the title king. He decreed the title hereditary in the male line, and that his descendants in the female line should have the title Jarl. He granted:
** Vingulmark, Raumarike, Vestfold and Thelamark to his sons Olav, Björn, Sigtryg, Frode and Thorgils;
** Hedemark and Gudbrandsdal to his sons Dag, Hring and Ragnar;
** Ringerike, Hadeland, Thoten and their dependencies to his sons by Snæfrid;
** Hordaland and Sogn to his sons Hrorek and Gudrod;
** Halogaland, North More and Raumsdal to his son Eirik;
** his son Guthrom retained the lands which he already controlled;
** the land north of Trondheim to Halfdan "the Black", Halfdan "the White" and Sigrod.
     "The division resulted in major disputes between his sons about who would inherit the overall kingship[48]. The dating of this division is difficult to assess, but from the chronology of events recorded by Snorre it appears to have occurred before the birth of King Harald's son Haakon, which is dated to [919]. King Harald abdicated in 930 "when he was 80 years old" in favour of his son Erik, died three years later in 933, and was buried "under a mound at Haugar in Karmtsund, near the church in Haugesund"[49].
     "m firstly ASA Haakonsdatter, daughter of Jarl HAAKON Grjotgardson [Ladejarl] & his wife ---. Snorre records the marriage of King Harald and "Asa, a daughter of Earl Hakon Grjotgardson"[50].
     "m secondly GYDA, daughter of ERIK King at Hördeland & his wife ---. Snorre names "Gyda, daughter of King Eirik of Hordaland…brought up as foster-child in the house of a great bonde in Valdres", narrating that, when King Harald asked for her hand she refused, saying that she would only marry the person who ruled the whole of Norway, which inspired him to conquer the country[51]. Snorre records their marriage in a later passage[52].
     "m thirdly SVANHILD, daughter of EYSTEIN "Glumra" Jarl of the Uplanders [in Kristian and Hedemarken] & his wife ---. Snorre names "Snahild, a daughter of Earl Eystein" as one of the wives of King Harald[53].
     "m fourthly SNEFRIED, daughter of SVASE the Finn & his wife ---. Snorre names Snæfried, the daughter of Svase the Finn, who ensnared King Harald with a magic potion which was effective even after her death. The spell was only broken when her body was burned on a funeral pyre at which time "serpents and lizards and toads and every species of venomous reptile continued to issue from it"[54].
     "m fifthly ALVHILD, daughter of RING Dagsson of Ringerike & his wife ---. Snorre names "lastly Ashild, a daughter of Hring Dagson" as one of the wives of King Harald[55].
     "m sixthly ([894]) RAGNHILD Eriksdatter "the Rich", daughter of RÖRIK [Horik/Erik] [King of the Danes] & his wife --- (-[897). Snorre names "Ragnhild the Mighty, a daughter of King Eirik from Jutland" as one of the wives of King Harald, commenting that "it is said that he put away nine wives" when he married her[56]. According to Snorre, "Queen Ragnhild the Mighty" lived three years after she came to Norway[57].
     "Mistress (1): ---. The name of King Harald's first mistress is not known.
     "Mistress (2): THORA Mosterstang, daughter of ---. Snorre names Thora Mosterstang "from Moster…connected with Kare Aslakson of Hordaland" as the mother of King Harald's son Haakon[58].
     "In addition to the sons referred to below, the Historia Norwegie names "sextus Gunrodus…decimus Eusteinus, XI Iorundus, XIII Ynguar, XIV Truggui, XV Ringr, XVI Rolfr" as sons of "Haraldus Comatus"[59]. These sons are not named in the Sagas and have been omitted from this document.
King Harald I & his first wife had four children:
1. GUTTORM (-killed in battle after [915]).
2. HALFDAN "Swarti/the Black" (-Trondheim [932]).
3. HALFDAN "Hvide/the White" (-killed in battle Estonia after [915]).
4. SIGRÖD (-killed in battle Tunsberg 934, bur Tunsberg).
King Harald I & his second wife had five children:
5. ALOF "Aarbod/Season-bettering".
6. RÖREK.
7. SIGGTRYGG.
8. FRODE.
9. THORGILS.
King Harald I & his third wife had three children:
10. OLAV Geirstadaalf (-killed in battle Tunsberg 934, bur Tunsberg).
11. BJÖRN.
12. RAGNAR Rykkil.
King Harald I & his fourth wife had four children[90]:
13. SIGURD "Hrise" .
14. HALFDAN "Haaleg" (-killed in battle [894]).
15. GUDRÖD Ljome .
16. RAGNVALD Rettilbein.
King Harald I & his fifth wife had four children:
17. DAG.
18. RING.
19. GUDRÖD Skirja.
20. INGEGERD.
King Harald & his sixth wife had one child:
21. ERIK ([895]-murdered Stainmore Westmoreland 954).
King Harald I had one illegitimate daughter by Mistress (1):
22. INGEBORG.
King Harald I had one illegitimate son by Mistress (2):
23. HAAKON ([Alrekstad] [919]-[Alrekstad] 960, bur Saeheim, North Hordaland[179])."
Med Lands cites:

Reference: Genealogics cites: Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag, Marburg, Schwennicke, Detlev (Ed.) 2:105.²

; 4m: Snaefried, dau.of Finnen Svase.¹ GAV-33.

     GAV-34.

     Guttorm Haraldsson (?) King of Viken died in 915.³
     He was Per Med Lands:
     "GUTTORM (-killed in battle after [915]). Snorre names "the eldest Guthorm, Halfdan "the Black" and Halfdan "the White"…twins and Sigfrod…fourth" as the four sons of King Harald and his wife Asa[60]. He was named after, and brought up by, "Guthorm the Duke" who ruled Viken and the Uplands in the king's absence[61]. After the death of Guthorm's fosterfather at Tunsberg, King Harald installed his son Guthorm as chief in his place[62]. In his father's division of territories, he was confirmed as king in the land from Glommen to Svinasund and Ranrike[63]. He was killed by Solve "Klofe" while defending Viken against attack[64], dated from the chronology of the passages to after his father's division of his territories."
Med Lands cites:

     Ragnhild (?) Princess of Denmark married Sven Askelsson (?), son of Aslak Eriksson (?) and Sigurd Svendsdatter (?).²

     GAV-31.

     Sigroed Haraldsson (?) King of Trondelagen died in 934 at Tunsberg; killed in battle Tunsberg.
      ; Per Med Lands:
     "SIGRÖD (-killed in battle Tunsberg 934, bur Tunsberg). Snorre names "the eldest Guthorm, Halfdan "the Black" and Halfdan "the White"…twins and Sigfrod…fourth" as the four sons of King Harald and his wife Asa[72]. Under his father's division of territories, the land north of Trondheim was granted to Halfdan "the Black", Halfdan "the White" and Sigrod[73]. Sigröd was chosen as king at Tröndheim after the death of his brother Halfdan. After his father's death he took "all the revenues … of the Tröndheim country" with which his half-brother King Erik I was "very ill-pleased". The latter sailed for Tunsberg in Vike, where Sigröd had joined forces with his half-brother Olav, and defeated and killed the two of them[74]."
Med Lands cites:

     Halfdan "Swarti/the Black" Haraldsson (?) King of Trondelagen died in 932 at Trondheim, Trøndelag, Trondheim Region, Norway.²
      ; Per Med Lands:
     "HALFDAN "Swarti/the Black" (-Trondheim [932]). Snorre names "the eldest Guthorm, Halfdan "the Black" and Halfdan "the White"…twins and Sigfrod…fourth" as the four sons of King Harald and his wife Asa[65]. He fought alongside his brother Halfdan the White in Estonia64. Under his father's division of territories, the land north of Trondheim was granted to Halfdan "the Black", Halfdan "the White" and Sigrod[66]. After attempting to murder his half-brother Erik at a farm at Solve in More, Halfdan was reconciled with Erik after Guthorm Sindre intervened with King Harald[67]. On his father's abdication in favour of Halfdan's half-brother Erik, Halfdan "also took a king's high seat" ruling over Tröndheim "with the consent of all the people". He died suddenly at a feast in Tröndheim 2 years later, "the general report was that Gunhild [wife of his half-brother Erik] had bribed a witch to give him a death drink"[68]"
Med Lands cites:

     Halfdan Hvide Haraldsson (?) died at Estonia.¹

      ; Per Med Lands:
     "SIGGTRYGG. Snorre names "Alof…the eldest…their son Hrorek, then Sigtryg, Frode and Thorgils" as the children of King Harald and his wife Gyda[78]. The Historia Norwegie names "Sigtrygr" as twelfth son of "Haraldus Comatus"[79]. Under his father's division of territories, Vingulmark, Raumarike, Vestfold and Thelamark were granted to Olav, Björn, Sigtryg, Frode and Thorgils[80]"
Med Lands cites:

      ; Per Med Lands:
     "FRODE. Snorre names "Alof…the eldest…their son Hrorek, then Sigtryg, Frode and Thorgils" as the children of King Harald and his wife Gyda[81]. Under his father's division of territories, Vingulmark, Raumarike, Vestfold and Thelamark were granted to Olav, Björn, Sigtryg, Frode and Thorgils[82]. With his brother Thorgils, he plundered Scotland and Ireland, becoming joint king in Dublin, where he was allegedly poisoned[83]."
Med Lands cites:

      ; Per Med Lands:
     "THORGILS. Snorre names "Alof…the eldest…their son Hrorek, then Sigtryg, Frode and Thorgils" as the children of King Harald and his wife Gyda[84]. Under his father's division of territories, Vingulmark, Raumarike, Vestfold and Thelamark were granted to Olav, Björn, Sigtryg, Frode and Thorgils[85]. With his brother Frode, he plundered Scotland and Ireland, becoming joint king in Dublin, sole king after his brother's death, until he was killed by the Irish[86]"
Med Lands cites:

     Tryggve Olavsson (?) King in Vigen and Romerike married Astrid Eriksdatter (?), daughter of Eirik Bjordaskalle (?), circa 960.¹

Tryggve Olavsson (?) King in Vigen and Romerike died circa 968; murdered.¹
      ; Tryggve Olavsson, King in Vigen and Romerike, +murdered ca 968; m.ca 960 Astrid Eiriksdatter, dau.of Eirik Bjordaskalle.¹

; Per Genalogics: "his details are based on Norse Saga material."² Tryggve Olavsson (?) King in Vigen and Romerike was also known as Tryggve Olavsson (?)²

     Astrid Eriksdatter (?) married Tryggve Olavsson (?) King in Vigen and Romerike, son of Olav Haraldsson (?) King in Vigen, circa 960.¹

      ; Astrid Eiriksdatter, dau.of Eirik Bjordaskalle.¹

     Gyda/Geira (?) of the Wends married Olaf I Tryggveson (?) King of Norway, son of Tryggve Olavsson (?) King in Vigen and Romerike and Astrid Eriksdatter (?), in 982
;
His 1st wife.^1,3,4
Gyda/Geira (?) of the Wends died in 984.¹
      ; Per Med Lands:
     "OLAV Trygveson (posthumously [968] Orkney-drowned Øresund o. b. Svold, near Rügen 9 Sep [1000]). The Historia Norwegie records that, after the murder of her husband, the widow of "Turgonem" fled to Orkney where she gave birth to their son "Olauum"[211]. Leaving Svithjod with his mother, he was captured by Vikings of Eistland [Estonia], but freed and taken to Holmgard by his maternal uncle Sigurd where he stayed at the court of Prince Vladimir[212]. The Historia Norwegie records that his mother sent him to Sweden to be brought up by "Thorolfo…Lusaskeg", after learning that Jarl Haakon Sigurdsson was planning to kill him, sailed for Russia but was captured by Vikings "in Eistriam" and sold as a slave. He was ransomed by "Olauo suo cognato" who had been sent as ambassador to "rege Ruscie"[213]. He left Garderike for Norway, meeting his first wife in Vindland where he remained for 3 years until she died, after which he adopted a marauding lifestyle[214]. He was one of the leaders of the attacks on England, culminating in the battle of Maldon and the signing of a treaty with Æthelred II King of England, under which 22,000 pounds of gold and silver were paid in return for a promise to help thwart future attacks. The treaty never came into full effect although the money was paid[215]. Olav claimed the throne when Haakon "the Mighty" Ladejarl, Regent of Norway, was murdered in 995. He was first accepted by the people of Trondheim, and gradually imposed himself as OLAV I King of Norway. According to Snorre[216], King Olav proposed to marry Sigrid Storrada, widow of Erik King of Sweden, but they disputed when they met. Saxo Grammaticus[217] recounts a similar story. Adam of Bremen records that "Olaph Trucconis filius" was baptised in Norway by Adaldagus Bishop of Bremen, after accepting Christianity in England following his expulsion from Norway[218]. He succeeded in establishing Christianity in Norway, building the first churches in the country. Olav I King of Norway attempted to invade Denmark but was defeated by King Svend in a naval battle "inter Sconiam et Seland", during which King Olav was drowned, after which Svend imposed himself as king of Norway[219]. The Historia Norwegie records the death in battle of King Olav[220].
     "m firstly ([982]) GYDA [Geira] of the Wends, daughter of BURISLAW King of the Wends & his wife --- (-984). Snorre names "Geira, Gunhild and Astrid" as the three daughters of "in Vindland…a king called Burizleif", recording that Geira was queen in the part of the country in which Olav landed when returning from Garderike. He records that that they married in 982 and that Olav stayed in Vindland to rule jointly with his wife[221]. Snorre records that Geira died after Olaf Trygvason had been in Vindland for three years[222].
     "m secondly (in England 988) as her second husband, GYDA, widow of ---, daughter of OLAF Sihtricsson King of Dublin & his [---] wife ---. Snorre records the betrothal and marriage of Olaf Trygvason to "a queen called Gyda…a sister of Olaf Kvaran who was king of Dublin in Ireland [who] had been married to a great earl in England" after whose death "she was at the head of his dominions"[223]. In a later passage, Snorre refers to "King Olaf Kvaran" as his wife's father[224]. From a chronological point of view, it seems more likely that King Olav’s wife was Olaf Sihtricsson’s daughter.
     "m thirdly ([995]) GUDRUN Skeggesdatter, daughter of SKEGGE Asbjörnsson & his wife ---. Snorre records the marriage of King Olav and Gudrun daughter of Jarnskegge, recording that she tried to stab her husband during their first night together, after which they separated[225].
     "m fourthly (998) as her third husband, TYRE Haraldsdatter, widow [firstly] of STYRBJÖRN [Björn] “den Starke/the Strong" of Sweden, and divorced wife [secondly] of BURISLAW King of the Wends, daughter of HARALD I “Blåtand/Bluetooth” King of Denmark & his wife Gunhild of the Wends (-18 Sep [1000]). Snorre records Tyre's flight from her second husband to Norway and her marriage to King Olav in 999[226]. The Historia Norwegie records the marriage of King Olav and "sororem Sweinonis regis…Tyri" who had earlier been betrothed to "dux quidam de Sclauia"[227]. Adam of Bremen records the marriage of "Olaph Trucconis filius" and "a Dania superbissimam Thore" soon after he returned to Norway after exile in England[228]. Adam of Bremen records that, after the death of her husband, his wife starved herself to death[229].
     "King Olav I & his second wife had one child:
i) TRYGVE Olavsson (-killed in battle 1033).
     "King Olav I & his fourth wife had one child:
ii) HARALD Olavsson (999-1000)."
Med Lands cites:

; Per Genealogy.EU (Norway 2): “C1. Olav Tryggvesson, King of Norway (995-1000), *968, +ca 1000; 1m: Geira, a Wendish princess; 2m: Gyda of Ireland; 3m: ca 995 Gudrun Skeggesdatter; 4m: 998 Pss Thyra of Denmark (+1000)”.² Gyda/Geira (?) of the Wends was also known as Geira (?)³

; a Wendish princess.³

; Per Med Lands:
     "GYDA [Geira] (-984). Snorre names "Geira, Gunhild and Astrid" as the three daughters of "in Vindland…a king called Burizleif", recording that Geira was queen in the part of the country in which Olav landed when returning from Garderike. He records that that they married in 982 and that Olav stayed in Vindland to rule jointly with his wife[42]. Snorre records that Geira died after Olaf Trygvason had been in Vindland for three years[43].
     "m ([982]) as his first wife, OLAV Trygveson, son of TRYGVE Olavsson [Norway] & his wife Åstrid Eiriksdatter (posthumously [968][44]-drowned Øresund o. b. Svold, near Rügen 9 Sep [1000]). He imposed himself as OLAV I King of Norway in [995]."
Med Lands cites:

     Gyda (?) of Ireland married Olaf I Tryggveson (?) King of Norway, son of Tryggve Olavsson (?) King in Vigen and Romerike and Astrid Eriksdatter (?), in 988 at England (now)
;
His 2nd wife.^1,3
     ; Per Med Lands:
     "OLAV Trygveson (posthumously [968] Orkney-drowned Øresund o. b. Svold, near Rügen 9 Sep [1000]). The Historia Norwegie records that, after the murder of her husband, the widow of "Turgonem" fled to Orkney where she gave birth to their son "Olauum"[211]. Leaving Svithjod with his mother, he was captured by Vikings of Eistland [Estonia], but freed and taken to Holmgard by his maternal uncle Sigurd where he stayed at the court of Prince Vladimir[212]. The Historia Norwegie records that his mother sent him to Sweden to be brought up by "Thorolfo…Lusaskeg", after learning that Jarl Haakon Sigurdsson was planning to kill him, sailed for Russia but was captured by Vikings "in Eistriam" and sold as a slave. He was ransomed by "Olauo suo cognato" who had been sent as ambassador to "rege Ruscie"[213]. He left Garderike for Norway, meeting his first wife in Vindland where he remained for 3 years until she died, after which he adopted a marauding lifestyle[214]. He was one of the leaders of the attacks on England, culminating in the battle of Maldon and the signing of a treaty with Æthelred II King of England, under which 22,000 pounds of gold and silver were paid in return for a promise to help thwart future attacks. The treaty never came into full effect although the money was paid[215]. Olav claimed the throne when Haakon "the Mighty" Ladejarl, Regent of Norway, was murdered in 995. He was first accepted by the people of Trondheim, and gradually imposed himself as OLAV I King of Norway. According to Snorre[216], King Olav proposed to marry Sigrid Storrada, widow of Erik King of Sweden, but they disputed when they met. Saxo Grammaticus[217] recounts a similar story. Adam of Bremen records that "Olaph Trucconis filius" was baptised in Norway by Adaldagus Bishop of Bremen, after accepting Christianity in England following his expulsion from Norway[218]. He succeeded in establishing Christianity in Norway, building the first churches in the country. Olav I King of Norway attempted to invade Denmark but was defeated by King Svend in a naval battle "inter Sconiam et Seland", during which King Olav was drowned, after which Svend imposed himself as king of Norway[219]. The Historia Norwegie records the death in battle of King Olav[220].
     "m firstly ([982]) GYDA [Geira] of the Wends, daughter of BURISLAW King of the Wends & his wife --- (-984). Snorre names "Geira, Gunhild and Astrid" as the three daughters of "in Vindland…a king called Burizleif", recording that Geira was queen in the part of the country in which Olav landed when returning from Garderike. He records that that they married in 982 and that Olav stayed in Vindland to rule jointly with his wife[221]. Snorre records that Geira died after Olaf Trygvason had been in Vindland for three years[222].
     "m secondly (in England 988) as her second husband, GYDA, widow of ---, daughter of OLAF Sihtricsson King of Dublin & his [---] wife ---. Snorre records the betrothal and marriage of Olaf Trygvason to "a queen called Gyda…a sister of Olaf Kvaran who was king of Dublin in Ireland [who] had been married to a great earl in England" after whose death "she was at the head of his dominions"[223]. In a later passage, Snorre refers to "King Olaf Kvaran" as his wife's father[224]. From a chronological point of view, it seems more likely that King Olav’s wife was Olaf Sihtricsson’s daughter.
     "m thirdly ([995]) GUDRUN Skeggesdatter, daughter of SKEGGE Asbjörnsson & his wife ---. Snorre records the marriage of King Olav and Gudrun daughter of Jarnskegge, recording that she tried to stab her husband during their first night together, after which they separated[225].
     "m fourthly (998) as her third husband, TYRE Haraldsdatter, widow [firstly] of STYRBJÖRN [Björn] “den Starke/the Strong" of Sweden, and divorced wife [secondly] of BURISLAW King of the Wends, daughter of HARALD I “Blåtand/Bluetooth” King of Denmark & his wife Gunhild of the Wends (-18 Sep [1000]). Snorre records Tyre's flight from her second husband to Norway and her marriage to King Olav in 999[226]. The Historia Norwegie records the marriage of King Olav and "sororem Sweinonis regis…Tyri" who had earlier been betrothed to "dux quidam de Sclauia"[227]. Adam of Bremen records the marriage of "Olaph Trucconis filius" and "a Dania superbissimam Thore" soon after he returned to Norway after exile in England[228]. Adam of Bremen records that, after the death of her husband, his wife starved herself to death[229].
     "King Olav I & his second wife had one child:
i) TRYGVE Olavsson (-killed in battle 1033).
     "King Olav I & his fourth wife had one child:
ii) HARALD Olavsson (999-1000)."
Med Lands cites:
; Per Genealogy.EU (Norway 2): “C1. Olav Tryggvesson, King of Norway (995-1000), *968, +ca 1000; 1m: Geira, a Wendish princess; 2m: Gyda of Ireland; 3m: ca 995 Gudrun Skeggesdatter; 4m: 998 Pss Thyra of Denmark (+1000)”.⁴

; Per Med Lands:
     "GYDA . Snorre records the betrothal and marriage of Olaf Trygvason to "a queen called Gyda…a sister of Olaf Kvaran who was king of Dublin in Ireland [who] had been married to a great earl in England" after whose death "she was at the head of his dominions"[1324]. In a later passage, Snorre refers to "King Olaf Kvaran" as his wife's father[1325]. From a chronological point of view, it seems more likely that King Olav’s wife was Olaf Sihtricsson’s daughter.
     "m firstly ---.
     "m secondly (in England 988) as his second wife, OLAV Trygveson, son of TRYGVE Olavsson [Norway] & his wife Åstrid Eiriksdatter (posthumously [968][1326]-drowned Øresund o. b. Svold, near Rügen 9 Sep [1000]). He imposed himself as OLAV I King of Norway in [995]."
Med Lands cites:

     Gudrun Skeggesdatter (?) married Olaf I Tryggveson (?) King of Norway, son of Tryggve Olavsson (?) King in Vigen and Romerike and Astrid Eriksdatter (?), circa 995
;
His 3rd wife.^1,2
     ; Per Med Lands:
     "OLAV Trygveson (posthumously [968] Orkney-drowned Øresund o. b. Svold, near Rügen 9 Sep [1000]). The Historia Norwegie records that, after the murder of her husband, the widow of "Turgonem" fled to Orkney where she gave birth to their son "Olauum"[211]. Leaving Svithjod with his mother, he was captured by Vikings of Eistland [Estonia], but freed and taken to Holmgard by his maternal uncle Sigurd where he stayed at the court of Prince Vladimir[212]. The Historia Norwegie records that his mother sent him to Sweden to be brought up by "Thorolfo…Lusaskeg", after learning that Jarl Haakon Sigurdsson was planning to kill him, sailed for Russia but was captured by Vikings "in Eistriam" and sold as a slave. He was ransomed by "Olauo suo cognato" who had been sent as ambassador to "rege Ruscie"[213]. He left Garderike for Norway, meeting his first wife in Vindland where he remained for 3 years until she died, after which he adopted a marauding lifestyle[214]. He was one of the leaders of the attacks on England, culminating in the battle of Maldon and the signing of a treaty with Æthelred II King of England, under which 22,000 pounds of gold and silver were paid in return for a promise to help thwart future attacks. The treaty never came into full effect although the money was paid[215]. Olav claimed the throne when Haakon "the Mighty" Ladejarl, Regent of Norway, was murdered in 995. He was first accepted by the people of Trondheim, and gradually imposed himself as OLAV I King of Norway. According to Snorre[216], King Olav proposed to marry Sigrid Storrada, widow of Erik King of Sweden, but they disputed when they met. Saxo Grammaticus[217] recounts a similar story. Adam of Bremen records that "Olaph Trucconis filius" was baptised in Norway by Adaldagus Bishop of Bremen, after accepting Christianity in England following his expulsion from Norway[218]. He succeeded in establishing Christianity in Norway, building the first churches in the country. Olav I King of Norway attempted to invade Denmark but was defeated by King Svend in a naval battle "inter Sconiam et Seland", during which King Olav was drowned, after which Svend imposed himself as king of Norway[219]. The Historia Norwegie records the death in battle of King Olav[220].
     "m firstly ([982]) GYDA [Geira] of the Wends, daughter of BURISLAW King of the Wends & his wife --- (-984). Snorre names "Geira, Gunhild and Astrid" as the three daughters of "in Vindland…a king called Burizleif", recording that Geira was queen in the part of the country in which Olav landed when returning from Garderike. He records that that they married in 982 and that Olav stayed in Vindland to rule jointly with his wife[221]. Snorre records that Geira died after Olaf Trygvason had been in Vindland for three years[222].
     "m secondly (in England 988) as her second husband, GYDA, widow of ---, daughter of OLAF Sihtricsson King of Dublin & his [---] wife ---. Snorre records the betrothal and marriage of Olaf Trygvason to "a queen called Gyda…a sister of Olaf Kvaran who was king of Dublin in Ireland [who] had been married to a great earl in England" after whose death "she was at the head of his dominions"[223]. In a later passage, Snorre refers to "King Olaf Kvaran" as his wife's father[224]. From a chronological point of view, it seems more likely that King Olav’s wife was Olaf Sihtricsson’s daughter.
     "m thirdly ([995]) GUDRUN Skeggesdatter, daughter of SKEGGE Asbjörnsson & his wife ---. Snorre records the marriage of King Olav and Gudrun daughter of Jarnskegge, recording that she tried to stab her husband during their first night together, after which they separated[225].
     "m fourthly (998) as her third husband, TYRE Haraldsdatter, widow [firstly] of STYRBJÖRN [Björn] “den Starke/the Strong" of Sweden, and divorced wife [secondly] of BURISLAW King of the Wends, daughter of HARALD I “Blåtand/Bluetooth” King of Denmark & his wife Gunhild of the Wends (-18 Sep [1000]). Snorre records Tyre's flight from her second husband to Norway and her marriage to King Olav in 999[226]. The Historia Norwegie records the marriage of King Olav and "sororem Sweinonis regis…Tyri" who had earlier been betrothed to "dux quidam de Sclauia"[227]. Adam of Bremen records the marriage of "Olaph Trucconis filius" and "a Dania superbissimam Thore" soon after he returned to Norway after exile in England[228]. Adam of Bremen records that, after the death of her husband, his wife starved herself to death[229].
     "King Olav I & his second wife had one child:
i) TRYGVE Olavsson (-killed in battle 1033).
     "King Olav I & his fourth wife had one child:
ii) HARALD Olavsson (999-1000)."
Med Lands cites:
; Per Genealogy.EU (Norway 2): “C1. Olav Tryggvesson, King of Norway (995-1000), *968, +ca 1000; 1m: Geira, a Wendish princess; 2m: Gyda of Ireland; 3m: ca 995 Gudrun Skeggesdatter; 4m: 998 Pss Thyra of Denmark (+1000)”.³

     Briacheslav Vasilkovoch (?) Prince of Iziaslav and Vitebsk died in 1186.¹
      ; Per Med Lands:
     "BRIACHESLAV Vasilkovich. Prince of Iziaslav 1158-1159. Prince of Vitebsk 1159-1181.
     "m ---. The name of Briacheslav´s wife is not known."¹ He was Prince of Iziaslav between 1158 and 1159.¹ He was Prince of Vitebsk between 1159 and 1181.¹

     Ragnvald Ulfsson (?) Jarl in Västergötland married Astrid Njaldottir (?), daughter of Njal Finnsson (?),
;
Her 1st husband; his 2nd wife.^5,6,2 Ragnvald Ulfsson (?) Jarl in Västergötland was born circa 990.⁶ He married Ingeborg Tryggvasdotter (?), daughter of Tryggve Olavsson (?) King in Vigen and Romerike and Astrid Eriksdatter (?), in 1000
;
His 1st wife.^1,7,2,8
      ; Per Genalogics:
     "Ragnvald Ulfsson, known as 'the Old', was the son of Ulf Tostesson, jarl of Sweden. He was jarl of Westrogothia about 1010-1020, and later of Staraja Ladoga and Ingria.
     "When Ragnvald lived in Skara the Norwegians pillaged in Westrogothia. However Olav II, king of Norway, proposed marriage to the Swedish princess Ingegerd Olofsdotter, the daughter of Sweden's King Olof III Skötkonung, who was a cousin of Ragnvald. This pleased Ragnvald, who was related to both royal houses as he was at that time married to Ingeborg Tryggvasdotter, a Norwegian princess and the sister of Olav Tryggveson, who would later become king of Norway.
     "At the _Ting_ (governing assembly) at Ganda Uppsala, Ragnvald pressed King Olof Skötkonung to promise his daughter to Norway's Olaf II, but when the Swedish king failed to deliver his daughter, Ragnvald had not only fallen out of grace with the Swedish king, but he could also expect the revenge of the Norwegians.
     "During a visit by the _skald_ (court poet) Sigvat Thordarsson, Ragnvald learnt that Jaroslav I Vladimirovitch, grand duke of Kiev, had proposed marriage to Ingegerd. He then proposed that Olav II of Norway should marry Olof Skötkonung's illegitimate daughter Astrid, who was staying with Ragnvald. Sigvat delivered the message, and the Norwegian king accepted. Ragnvald delivered Astrid at Sapsborg in Norway, and she was married to the king after Christmas in 1019.
     "Olof Skötkonung was furious and intended to hang Ragnvald at the next Ting. However, when Ingegerd Olofsdotter married Jaroslav Vladimirovitch, she managed to arrange that Ragnvald became the jarl of Staraja Ladoga (Aldeigjuborg) and Ingria, and Olof Skötkonung allowed him to depart with Ingegerd in the summer of 1019.
     "Ragnvald had two sons, Ulf and Eilif, from his first marriage to Ingeborg Tryggvasdotter; they are not recorded with progeny. With his second wife Astrid Njalsdottir, of the house of Skjalg in Halogaland, Norway, he had a son Stenkil Ragnvaldsson who would have progeny and become king of Sweden.
     "The year of Ragnvald's death is not recorded, but his widow Astrid returned to Sweden with her son Stenkil and married the Swedish King Emund Slemme 'the Old', the illegitimate son and successor of Olof Skötkonung. They did not have progeny."⁶

; Per Wikipedia:
     "Ragnvald Ulfsson the Old (beginning 11th century) was a jarl of Västergötland or Östergötland and was married to a sister of King Olav Tryggvason.[1]
Biography
     "According to Snorri, Ragnvald was the son of jarl Ulf Tostesson. He was also the foster-son of Þorgnýr the Lawspeaker. Through his aunt Sigrid the Haughty, he was the cousin of Swedish King Olof Skötkonung. He was married to Ingeborg Tryggvasdotter, daughter of Tryggve Olavsson, son of Olaf Haraldsson Geirstadalf and grandson of King Harald Fairhair. [2]
     "When Olaf Haraldsson became king of Norway in 1015, a war erupted with Sweden and Norwegians forces had pillaged in Västergötland. But then Norwegian King Olaf proposed to the Swedish princess Ingigerd Olofsdotter, the daughter of Sweden's King Olof Skötkonung. This would result in peace and a royal alliance which would favor Ragnvald who was related to both parties.[3][4]
     "However, at the Thing at Gamla Uppsala, Ragnvald and his foster-father Þorgnýr the Lawspeaker had to persuade King Olof Skötkonung to promise his daughter to King Olaf, whom he did not like. When the Swedish king failed to deliver his daughter, Ragnvald realized that he was in trouble. He has not only fallen out of grace with the Swedish king, but he could also expect the revenge of the Norwegians.[5]
     "During a visit by the skald Sigvatr Þórðarson, Ragnvald learned that Prince Yaroslav I the Wise of Kievan Rus' had proposed to Ingigerd, and so he developed the idea that King Olaf should marry Astrid Olofsdotter, an illegitimate daughter of Olof Skötkonung, who was staying with Ragnvald. Sigvat promised to deliver the proposal and the Norwegian king accepted. Ragnvald delivered Astrid at Sarpsborg in Norway and she married the King Olaf after Christmas of 1019.[6]
     "King Olof Skötkonung was now so upset that he intended to hang Ragnvald at the next Thing. However, when Ingigerd Olofsdotter married Yaroslav I the Wise, she received Staraja Ladoga (Aldeigjuborg) and Ingria (Ingermanland) as a wedding gift from Yaroslav. Ingigerd managed to arrange that Ragnvald became the jarl of both Staraja Ladoga and Ingria. Consequently Olof Skötkonung let Ragnvald depart with Ingigerd in the summer of 1019.[7][8]
Marriage
Married to Ingeborg Tryggvasdotter. Children:
     "He has been considered to have fathered king Stenkil,[9] with Astrid Nialsdotter from Norway. However this is based on later Icelandic sources,[10] and the identification of Ragnvald with Ragnvald the Old of Hervarar saga.[11]
Saga Sources
     "Ragnvald is mentioned in the skaldic poem Austrfaravísur, ascribed to Sigvatr Þórðarson, skald of King Olaf Haraldsson of Norway (Olaf the Holy), who had been on a diplomatic mission to Sweden. This poem is quoted in the 13th century sagas Fagrskinna and Snorri Sturluson's Heimskringla. In addition to the poem, Fagrskinna only briefly mentions Ragnvald, while Heimskringla contains a more elaborate account of him. This 13th-century prose text is not considered historically reliable. Fagrskinna's account of Olaf the Holy's betrothal to Ingigerd, and eventual wedding with Astrid, differs significantly from the account in Heimskringla. In Fagrskinna's account, Ragnvald is not given a prominent role in the proceedings.
Notes
1. Winroth 1995–1997:616
2. Claus Krag. "Tryggve Olafsson". Norsk biografisk leksikon. Retrieved May 1, 2018.
3. Knut Are Tvedt. "Olof Skötkonung". Store norske leksikon. Retrieved May 1, 2018.
4. "Ingegerd". riksarkivet.se. Retrieved May 1, 2018.
5. Per G. Norseng. "Ragnvald Ulfsson". Store norske leksikon. Retrieved May 1, 2018.
6. "Astrid". riksarkivet.se. Retrieved May 1, 2018.
7. "History of Staraya Ladoga". Staraya Ladoga. Retrieved May 1, 2018.
8. "Ingermanland Chronicle". ingermanland.nu. Retrieved May 1, 2018.
9. The entry Stenkil in Larsson 2000:33
10. Lagerquist 1997:41
110 Larsson 2002:154–157
Literature
** Larsson, Lars-Ove (1993, 2000). Vem är vem i svensk historia, från år 1000 till 1900. Prisma, Stockholm. ISBN 91-518-3427-8
** Larsson, Mats G (2002). Götarnas Riken : Upptäcktsfärder Till Sveriges Enande. Bokförlaget Atlantis AB ISBN 978-91-7486-641-4
** Lagerquist, Lars O. (1997). Sveriges Regenter, från forntid till nutid. Norstedts, Stockholm. ISBN 91-1-963882-5
** Winroth, Anders (1995–1997) "Ragnvald Ulfsson", Svenskt Biografiskt Lexikon, volume 29, page 616.
** Wisén, Theodor, revised by Erik Brate (1915), "Ragnvald Ulfsson", Nordisk familjebok, volume 22, 913–914."⁹ Ragnvald Ulfsson (?) Jarl in Västergötland was also known as Jarl Ragnwald.¹⁰ Ragnvald Ulfsson (?) Jarl in Västergötland was also known as Ragvald Ulfsson Jarl of Westrogothia.⁶

; Per Med Lands:
     "RAGNVALD Ulfsson . Snorre names "Earl Ragnvald, Ulf's son" when recording his [first] marriage[70]. Jarl in Västergötland. Snorre records that Ragnvald accompanied Ingegerd to Russia and was installed as Earl of Ladoga[71].
     "m firstly INGEBORG Trygvesdatter, daughter of TRYGVE Olavsson of Norway & his wife Åstrid Eiriksdatter. Snorre records the marriage of "Ingebjorg, Trygve's daughter, King Olaf's sister" and "Earl Ragnvald, Ulf's son"[72].
     "m secondly [as her first husband,] ASTRID Njalsdotter, daughter of NJAL --- & his wife ---. The primary source which confirms her parentage and two marriages has not yet been identified. [She married secondly as his second wife, Emund Slemme "den Gamle/the Old" King of Sweden. Her supposed second marriage to Ragnvald may be nothing more than a guess based on Adam of Bremen recording that "nepos eius [=rex Sueonum Emund] Stinkel" succeeded on the death of Emund[73].]"
Med Lands cites:

     Astrid Tryggvesdatter (?) married Erling Skjalgsson (?) in 996.¹

     Erling Skjalgsson (?) married Astrid Tryggvesdatter (?), daughter of Tryggve Olavsson (?) King in Vigen and Romerike and Astrid Eriksdatter (?), in 996.¹

Erling Skjalgsson (?) died in 1028; killed in battle.¹