Person Page - 3163

     Thorgunna (?) married Akt/Age (?), son of Palnatoke (?) and Olof/Oløf Stevnersdatter (?).¹

     Hildegun (?) married Vesete (?) af Bornholm.¹

     Vesete (?) af Bornholm married Hildegun (?)¹

     Akt/Age (?) married Thorgunna (?), daughter of Vesete (?) af Bornholm and Hildegun (?).¹

     Olof/Oløf Stevnersdatter (?) married Palnatoke (?), son of Patner Tokesen (?) and Ingeborg (?).¹

     Palnatoke (?) married Olof/Oløf Stevnersdatter (?), daughter of Jarl Stevner (?).¹

     Patner Tokesen (?) married Ingeborg (?), daughter of Jarl Ottar (?).¹

     Ingeborg (?) married Patner Tokesen (?)¹

     Unknown (?) married Burislaw (?) Prince of the Wenden
;
His 1st wife.¹

     Gunhild (?) of the Wends married Svend I Haraldsen Tveskæg/Forkbeard' (?) King of Denmark and England, son of Harald I "Blåtand/Bluetooth" Gormsson (?) King of Denmark and Gunhilda (?), between 988 and 990
;
His possible 1st wife.
See note regarding the uncertainty over who Gunhild was and whether Sigurd the Haughty even existed. I have chosen to assign Svend's children to his supposed wives, following Med Lands: GA Vaut.^1,2
Gunhild (?) of the Wends died before 1000.¹
      ; Per Med Lands:
     "SVEND Haraldsen, son of HARALD I "Blåtand/Bluetooth" King of Denmark & his [first wife Gunhild ---] ([960]-Gainsborough, Lincolnshire 3 Feb 1014, bur in England, later removed to Roskilde Cathedral). Adam of Bremen names "Suein Otto, filius magni Haroldi regis Danorum" when recording that he deposed and expelled his father[180]. Converted to Christianity with his father, he was baptised "OTTO SVEND" in honour of Emperor Otto[181]. Snorre records that "Svein, King Harald's son" rebelled after his father refused to share the kingdom with him, but was forced to flee, although his father had been mortally wounded and Svend was chosen as king after he died[182]. He rebelled against his father, who had refused to divide the kingdom with him, and forced him to flee to Jomsburg (now Wolin)[183], succeeding in [early 987] as SVEND I "Tveskæg/Forkbeard" King of Denmark. King Svend immediately set about restoring the heathen religion in Denmark[184]. Adam of Bremen records that King Svend persecuted Christians in Denmark[185]. Sigvaldi Jarl at Jomsborg in Vindland captured King Svend and took him to Jomsborg, threatening to deliver him into the hands of the Wends unless he made peace[186]. Adam of Bremen records that "rex Sueonum Hericus" invaded Denmark and expelled King Svend, who was eventually received by "rex Scotthorum" with whom he stayed seven years until the death of King Erik, after which he returned to Denmark after 14 years exile[187], although his period of absence appears exaggerated. King Svend first attacked England in 994, in the company of Olav Tryggveson (who succeeded in [995] as Olav I King of Norway). The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records that "came Anlaf and Swein to London with ninety-four ships and kept up an unceasing attack on the city" 8 Sep 994[188]. The Chronicle of the Princes of Wales records that "the isle of Man was devastated by Swain son of Harold" in 994[189]. At that time, Stenton suggests that there was some support to declare Svend as king of England from those who despaired of the government of King Æthelred "the Unready"[190]. Adam of Bremen records that Olof King of Sweden invaded Denmark and expelled King Svend, but allowed him to return to his kingdom because "matrem suam habuerit"[191]. Olav I King of Norway attempted to invade Denmark but was defeated by King Svend in a naval battle "inter Sconiam et Seland", during which King Olav was drowned, after which Svend imposed himself as king of Norway[192]. Danish raids on England intensified after King Æthelred ordered the massacre of Danes in England 13 Nov 1002, which included the death of King Svend's sister Gunhild sister of King Svend. A full-scale Danish invasion came in 1013 and by the end of the year Svend had become SVEIN de facto King of England. King Æthelred fled to Normandy after Christmas 1013[193], but after Svend's death in Feb 1014 he was invited back, but on condition he improve his rule. Adam of Bremen records that King Svend held England for only a short time before he died[194]. Guillaume of Jumièges records that “Danamarchæ...regique Sveno” invaded England but died “apud Lundoniam”, was buried “apud Danamarcham”, and succeeded by “filius eius...Chunutus” who launched a new invasion with “Lacman equidem Suauorum et Olavum Noricorum”[195].
     "m firstly ([988/90]) --- (-before [1000]). The name and identity of King Svend's first wife is uncertain, although she seems to have been known as GUNHILD in Denmark. According to Snorre, Gunhild died before King Svend's second marriage but no precise date is given[196]. Two possibilities emerge from the primary sources:
     "The matter is further complicated by the secondary sources. Brenner[200] names King Svend's first wife "Gunhild of Poland", stating that she was the widow of Erik "Segersäll/the Victorious" King of Sweden, which appears to confuse her with King Svend's second wife Sigrid (see below). According to Europäische Stammtafeln[201], King Svend had a single wife "Gunhild of Poland", widow of King Erik of Sweden. In another table, Europäische Stammtafeln[202] further confuses the issue by naming the second wife of King Erik of Sweden and King Svend as "Šwi?tos?awa [Gunhild] of Poland" (although the basis for proposing this Polish name is not known) and the first wife of King Erik as Sigrid Storrada.
     "The only safe conclusions are: firstly, that King Svend did marry before marrying Sigrid, as a first marriage at the age of about 35 after the death of Sigrid's first husband seems improbable; and secondly, that his first wife was probably of Slavic origin from the southern Baltic coastal area, confusion in the primary sources between Polish and Wendish in this context being understandable. According to Ronay[203], King Svend divorced his first wife who returned to Poland taking her son Knud with her, but he cites no primary source to support this statement.
     "m secondly ([1000]) SIGRID “Storråda/the Haughty”, widow of ERIK “Segersäll/the Victorious” King of Sweden, daughter of SKOGAR-Toste, a Swedish noble & his wife ---. There appears to be unanimity among the primary sources about the identity of King Svend's second wife. Snorre records the second marriage of King Svend with "Sigrid the Haughty, a daughter of Skoglartoste and mother of the Swedish king Olaf"[204]. Adam of Bremen records the marriage of Svend King of Denmark and "Herici relictam, matrem Olaph"[205]. The Fagrskinna names Sigrid, mother of King Olof, as daughter of Skoglar-Tosta[206]. Morkinskinna names "Sigridr en stórráda" as mother of “the lady Ástrídr…sister of two kings, Knútr the Great and Óláfr the Swede” who married “Jarl Úlfr sprakaleggr”[207]. Saxo Grammaticus states that King Svend married "Syritha" after she was unsuccessfully wooed by Olav I King of Norway, and also refers to Olof King of Sweden as King Svend's stepson[208].
     "Mistress (1): [AESA], daughter of ---. The primary source which confirms her name has not yet been identified."
Med Lands cites:

; Per Med Lands:
     "GUNHILD (-before [1000]). Snorre names "Geira, Gunhild and Astrid" as the three daughters of "in Vindland…a king called Burizleif"[47]. In a later passage, he records Gunhild's marriage to Svend King of Denmark arranged as part of the peace deal brokered with the Wends by Sigvaldi (Jarl at Jomsborg) who was already married to another daughter of Burizlaw[48]. According to Snorre, Gunhild died before King Svend's second marriage but no precise date is given[49].
     "m ([988/90]) as his first wife, SVEND I "Tveskæg/Forkbeard" King of Denmark, son of HARALD I "Blåtand/Bluetooth" King of Denmark & his first wife Gunhild ([960]-Gainsborough 3 Feb 1014, bur in England, later removed to Roskilde)."
Med Lands cites:
; NB: There is uncertainty about the identity of the woman called Gunhild who was Svend I's 1st wife.
     Per Genealogics, she was the dau of Mieszko I of Poland. Genealogics cites:
     Per Med Lands:
     "m firstly ([988/90]) --- (-before [1000]). The name and identity of King Svend's first wife is uncertain, although she seems to have been known as GUNHILD in Denmark. According to Snorre, Gunhild died before King Svend's second marriage but no precise date is given[196]. Two possibilities emerge from the primary sources:
     "The matter is further complicated by the secondary sources. Brenner[200] names King Svend's first wife "Gunhild of Poland", stating that she was the widow of Erik "Segersäll/the Victorious" King of Sweden, which appears to confuse her with King Svend's second wife Sigrid (see below). According to Europäische Stammtafeln[201], King Svend had a single wife "Gunhild of Poland", widow of King Erik of Sweden. In another table, Europäische Stammtafeln[202] further confuses the issue by naming the second wife of King Erik of Sweden and King Svend as "Šwi?tos?awa [Gunhild] of Poland" (although the basis for proposing this Polish name is not known) and the first wife of King Erik as Sigrid Storrada.
     "The only safe conclusions are: firstly, that King Svend did marry before marrying Sigrid, as a first marriage at the age of about 35 after the death of Sigrid's first husband seems improbable; and secondly, that his first wife was probably of Slavic origin from the southern Baltic coastal area, confusion in the primary sources between Polish and Wendish in this context being understandable. According to Ronay[203], King Svend divorced his first wife who returned to Poland taking her son Knud with her, but he cites no primary source to support this statement."
Med Lands cites:
     Wikikpedia identified "Sigrid the Haughty" (Sigríð Storråda) as the wife of Eriak and of Svend I, but states that it is unclear as to whether she was real, a mythical amalgamation of several women, or completely fictional. Wikipedia cites as an example of modern scholarchip arguing that Sigrid is apocryphal: Birgitta Fritz (2004), "Sigrid Storråda", Svenskt Biografiskt Lexikon, 32: https://sok.riksarkivet.se/sbl/Presentation.aspx?id=5911 .
Conclusion: Burislaw of the Wends is known to have many links to the Scandinavian royal houses. His 2nd wife was the widow of Styrbjorn of Sweden and a dau. of Haral Bluetooth, Kingo Denmark. As his widow, she married Olav I king of Norway. Burislaw's dau. Gunhild Burislawsdatter (a 2nd Gunhild) married two important Norwegian Jarls. For the moment I have two women as wives of Svend I, one Gunhild|Swjatoslawa|Sygryda (dau. of Mieszko I), and a second Gunhild (dau. of Burislaw of the Wends and his 1st unnamed wife). However, I have assigned the children shown as the off-spring by Svend's marriage to a Gunhild/Sigurd to Gunhild, dau. of Burislaw. GA Vaut.^{2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9}

     Astrid (?) of the Wends married Sigvaldi (?), son of Strutharald (?) King in Skåne.^1,2

      ; Per Med Lands:
     "ASTRID . Snorre names "Geira, Gunhild and Astrid" as the three daughters of "in Vindland…a king called Burizleif"[45]. Snorre names "Astrid, a daughter of King Burizleif" as the wife of Sigvalde[46].
     "m SIGVALDI, son of STRUTHARALD King in Skåne & his wife ---. Jarl at Jomsborg."
Med Lands cites:

     Hemming (?) died in 1014.¹
      ; Per Med Lands:
     "Snorre names "Heming and Thorkel the Tall" as brothers of Sigvalde[26]. Together with his brother, a leaders of the Danish invasion of England in 1009."
Med Lands cites:

     Mstivoj/Mstivir (?) Prince of the Obotrites was born circa 935.¹
Mstivoj/Mstivir (?) Prince of the Obotrites died in 995.¹
     He was Prince of the Obotrites
See attached map of the territory of the Obotritic tribes (from Wikipedia: By de:Benutzer:Marcel Rogge und de:Benutzer:Zweedorf22 - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=29018561.)²

; Per Med Lands:
     "MSTIVOJ . Adam of Bremen names "principes Winulorum…Mystiwoi et Mizzidrog" as leaders of a Slav rebellion in "Nortalbingia"[54], in a paragraph dealing with events in 1000. Helmold records that "Mistiwoj" requested the hand in marriage of "neptem ducis Bernardi"[55].
     "m ---. The name of Mstivoj's wife is not known."
Med Lands cites:

; This is the same person as:
”Mstivoj” at Wikipedia and as
”Mistiwoj” at Wikipedia (DE).^1,4

     Gyritha (?) of Sweden married Harald I "Blåtand/Bluetooth" Gormsson (?) King of Denmark, son of Gorm "den Gamle/the Old" Haraldsson (?) King of Denmark and Thyra "Danebod" (?) of Jutland, Queen of Denmark, between 984 and 985
;
Possibly his 3rd wife.¹
Gyritha (?) of Sweden died in 1002; From Find A Grave:
     BIRTH     unknown, Kronoberg, Hällefors kommun, Örebro län, Sweden
     DEATH     1002, Denmark
     Swedish princess and a Danish Viking Age queen consort, the spouse of King Harald I of Denmark.
     Gynrithe was the daughter of King Olaf II Björnsson of Sweden and Queen Ingeborg Thrandsdottir. She was the sister of the Swedish throne claimant Prince Styrbjörn Starke, whom she accompanied to Denmark when he left Sweden after his inheritance to the throne was denied him, in order to marry Harald Bluetooth.
     Family Members
     Parents
          Olaf II Bjornsson of Sweden 885 – unknown
          Ingeborg Thrandsdottir, av Sula Bjornsson
     Spouse
          Harald Bluetooth 911–986
     Siblings
          Styrborn Olofsson Prince of Sweden 903–985
     Children
          Gunnora de Crepon of Normandy unknown–1031
          Aveline of Arques de Bolbec
     BURIAL     Roskilde Cathedral, Roskilde, Roskilde Kommune, Sjælland, Denmark
     Created by: Memerizion
     Added: 25 Mar 2015
     Find a Grave Memorial 144160139.²
     ; Per Med Lands:
     "HARALD Gormsen, son of GORM "den Gamle/the Old" King of Denmark & his wife Tyre "Danebod" ([925/35]-Jomsborg 1 Dec [986/87], bur Roskilde Cathedral[154]). Adam of Bremen records that "filium autem regis [=Worm] Haroldum" succeeded as ruler in Denmark[155]. Saxo Grammaticus names Harald as son of Tyre[156]. The Chronicon Roskildense names "Gorm pater Haraldi", specifying that "Haraldus" reigned for 15 years during the life of his father and 50 years after his father died, and was known as "Blatan sive Clac Harald", on the other hand a later passage specifies that Harald succeeded his father Gorm[157]. He succeeded his father before 950 as HARALD I "Blåtand/Bluetooth" King of Denmark. Snorre records that "King Harald Gormson" ruled in Denmark when the sons of King Eirik " Blodøks" sought refuge there in [955][158]. According to Snorre, he invaded Norway in 965 after the death of King Harald II, supported by Jarl Haakon Sigurdson, Harald Gudrodson "Grenske" and other Norwegian exiles[159]. He effectively made himself ruler of Norway, but returned to Denmark after leaving Jarl Haakon in Norway as his regent[160]. Emperor Otto invaded Jutland and defeated King Harald, who took refuge at Limafjord on the island of Marsey where he was converted to Christianity by Bishop Poppo after agreeing a truce with the emperor[161]. Adam of Bremen records that King Harald submitted to Emperor Otto and was baptised "cum uxore Gunhild et filio parvulo"[162]. Adam of Bremen names "Suein Otto, filius magni Haroldi regis Danorum" when recording that he deposed and expelled his father who fled to "civitatem Sclavorum quæ Iumne dicitur" where King Harald died from his wounds. Adam specifies that his body was repatriated to Roskilde for burial in the church of the Holy Trinity which he had built, that King Harald had ruled for 50 years and that he died "in festivitate omnium sanctorum"[163]. His son Svend rebelled against him and forced his father to flee to Jomsburg (now Wolin) where he died from wounds received while counter-attacking his son's forces[164]. Guillaume of Jumièges records that “Aigroldus rex Danorum” was expelled from his kingdom by "filio suo...Sveno" and was received in Normandy by “dux” [Guillaume Comte de Normandie] who granted him “Constantiensem comitatum”[165], although this is evidently anachronistic as Duke Guillaume died in 942. Guillaume of Jumièges records that Louis IV King of the West Franks, after the death of Richard´s father, marched on Rouen, was received by “Rodulphus et Bernardus atque Anslech totius Normannici ducatus tutores”, and captured Richard, who was taken to Laon but was freed by “Osmundus...consilio cum Yvone patre Willelmi de Belismo” and taken to “Silvanectis” where “Bernardus...comes” protected “nepotem suum Richardum”[166], a passage dated to [945] from the context. According to King Olav Trygvason's Saga, King Harald defeated his son but died from wounds received in the battle[167]. Modern-day "Bluetooth" computer technology was named after King Harald, his union of Denmark and Norway being considered by the inventors, for some reason, as analogous with the wire-free linking of computer devices[168].
     "m firstly ([before 960]) GUNHILD, daughter of ---. Adam of Bremen names Gunhild as wife of King Harald when recording that the couple were baptised with their small son[169]. 965.
     "m secondly TOVE, daughter of [MSTIVOJ] & his wife --- (-[990]). Her marriage and parentage are confirmed by a Runic stone at Sönder Vissing, Denmark which records that "Tufa let gera [make] kuml [monument], Mistiuis do´tter,ept [daughter] Mo´thur [mother] sina.Kona [queen] Haralds hins Goda,Gorms sonar"[170]. According to Europäische Stammtafeln[171] she was Tove, daughter of Mstivoj the Wendish prince. The name of Tove´s father, "Mistiuis", on the Runic stone bears some similarity to Mstivoj. However, one difficulty is the apparent chronological discrepancy. The only other reference to Mstivoj is dated to 1000 (see MECKLENBURG) and gives no idea about his age at the time. Nor is there any indication of the date of Tove´s marriage, although it appears unlikely that she married much later than 980 considering the date her husband died. This would place her birth in [960] which, in turn, would mean that Mstivoj would have been over 60 years old when he is mentioned in 1000. This is not impossible, but it seems a little surprising. Another possibility is that she was Tove of Poland, daughter of Mieszko I Prince of Poland. The name "Mieszko" is just as similar to "Mistiuis" as "Mstivoj". This would place her birth after 966, later than suggested above, assuming that she was Mieszko´s daughter by his wife Dobrava of Bohemia. If this hypothesis is correct, Tove could have been the sister of the first wife of King Harald´s son, King Svend, implying a father/son double marriage with two sisters. This would place King Svend´s marriage rather earlier than the date suggested below, but the idea is not impossible.
     "[m [thirdly] ([984/85]) GYRITHA of Sweden, sister of STYRBJÖRN "den Starke/the Strong" King of Sweden, daughter of ---. This marriage is only referred to by Saxo Grammaticus, who says that King Styrbjörn had sought help from King Harald after being deposed as king of Sweden by his cousin and granted Harald his sister in marriage[172].]
     "King Harald I had six children, maybe all by his first wife although this is not certain:
Med Lands cites:

; This is the same person as:
”Gyrid of Sweden” at Wikipedia and as
”Gyrid Olavsdatter” at Wikipedia (DK).^3,4

; Per Med Lands:
     "[GYRITHA of Sweden . Gyritha and her alleged marriage is only referred to in Saxo Grammaticus, which says that King Styrbjörn granted King Harald his sister in marriage after seeking his help after being deposed[21].
m ([984/85]) as his [third] wife, HARALD I "Blåtand/Bluetooth" King of Denmark, son of GORM "den Gamle/the Old" King of Denmark & his wife Tyre "Danebod" (before 935-Jomsborg 1 Dec [986/87], bur Roskilde Cathedral).] "
Med Lands cites:

; Royal consort of Denmark.³

     Thora Mosterstang (?) married Harald I "Haarfagre/Fairhair" (?) King of Norway, son of Halfdan II "The Black" Gudrodson (?) and Ragnhild Sigurdsdottir (?),
;
His 7th wife (per Genealogics) or his Mistress (per Med Lands.)^1,3,2
     ; Per Med Lands:
     "HARALD, son of HALFDAN "Swarti/the Black" King of Vestfold & his second wife Ragnhild ([853/54] or 860-Hogaland 933, 934 or 940, bur Haugar in Karmtsund, near the church in Haugesund). The Historia Norwegie names "Haraldus Comatus" as son and successor of "Halfdanus…Niger", recording that he reigned for 73 years and had 16 sons[44]. Snorre names Harald as the son of Halfdan "the Black" & his second wife[45]. According to Snorre, Harald was ten years old when he succeeded his father as King at Vestfold[46]. He conquered the area around Trondheim where Haakon Grjotgardson Jarl of Haalogaland accepted his overlordship. He was supported by the Jarl of Möre. The local rulers farther south joined forces against Harald, but were defeated in the naval battle at Hafrsfjord, after which Harald became ruler of all Norway as HARALD I "Hårfagre/Harfagri/Fairhair" King of Norway. He corresponded with Athelstan King of Wessex, and dispatched a mission to England led by Helgrim and Osfrid who presented Athelstan with an ornate warship at York[47]. During his lifetime King Harald divided his kingdom between his sons and gave them all the title king. He decreed the title hereditary in the male line, and that his descendants in the female line should have the title Jarl. He granted:
** Vingulmark, Raumarike, Vestfold and Thelamark to his sons Olav, Björn, Sigtryg, Frode and Thorgils;
** Hedemark and Gudbrandsdal to his sons Dag, Hring and Ragnar;
** Ringerike, Hadeland, Thoten and their dependencies to his sons by Snæfrid;
** Hordaland and Sogn to his sons Hrorek and Gudrod;
** Halogaland, North More and Raumsdal to his son Eirik;
** his son Guthrom retained the lands which he already controlled;
** the land north of Trondheim to Halfdan "the Black", Halfdan "the White" and Sigrod.
     "The division resulted in major disputes between his sons about who would inherit the overall kingship[48]. The dating of this division is difficult to assess, but from the chronology of events recorded by Snorre it appears to have occurred before the birth of King Harald's son Haakon, which is dated to [919]. King Harald abdicated in 930 "when he was 80 years old" in favour of his son Erik, died three years later in 933, and was buried "under a mound at Haugar in Karmtsund, near the church in Haugesund"[49].
     "m firstly ASA Haakonsdatter, daughter of Jarl HAAKON Grjotgardson [Ladejarl] & his wife ---. Snorre records the marriage of King Harald and "Asa, a daughter of Earl Hakon Grjotgardson"[50].
     "m secondly GYDA, daughter of ERIK King at Hördeland & his wife ---. Snorre names "Gyda, daughter of King Eirik of Hordaland…brought up as foster-child in the house of a great bonde in Valdres", narrating that, when King Harald asked for her hand she refused, saying that she would only marry the person who ruled the whole of Norway, which inspired him to conquer the country[51]. Snorre records their marriage in a later passage[52].
     "m thirdly SVANHILD, daughter of EYSTEIN "Glumra" Jarl of the Uplanders [in Kristian and Hedemarken] & his wife ---. Snorre names "Snahild, a daughter of Earl Eystein" as one of the wives of King Harald[53].
     "m fourthly SNEFRIED, daughter of SVASE the Finn & his wife ---. Snorre names Snæfried, the daughter of Svase the Finn, who ensnared King Harald with a magic potion which was effective even after her death. The spell was only broken when her body was burned on a funeral pyre at which time "serpents and lizards and toads and every species of venomous reptile continued to issue from it"[54].
     "m fifthly ALVHILD, daughter of RING Dagsson of Ringerike & his wife ---. Snorre names "lastly Ashild, a daughter of Hring Dagson" as one of the wives of King Harald[55].
     "m sixthly ([894]) RAGNHILD Eriksdatter "the Rich", daughter of RÖRIK [Horik/Erik] [King of the Danes] & his wife --- (-[897). Snorre names "Ragnhild the Mighty, a daughter of King Eirik from Jutland" as one of the wives of King Harald, commenting that "it is said that he put away nine wives" when he married her[56]. According to Snorre, "Queen Ragnhild the Mighty" lived three years after she came to Norway[57].
     "Mistress (1): ---. The name of King Harald's first mistress is not known.
     "Mistress (2): THORA Mosterstang, daughter of ---. Snorre names Thora Mosterstang "from Moster…connected with Kare Aslakson of Hordaland" as the mother of King Harald's son Haakon[58].
     "In addition to the sons referred to below, the Historia Norwegie names "sextus Gunrodus…decimus Eusteinus, XI Iorundus, XIII Ynguar, XIV Truggui, XV Ringr, XVI Rolfr" as sons of "Haraldus Comatus"[59]. These sons are not named in the Sagas and have been omitted from this document.
King Harald I & his first wife had four children:
1. GUTTORM (-killed in battle after [915]).
2. HALFDAN "Swarti/the Black" (-Trondheim [932]).
3. HALFDAN "Hvide/the White" (-killed in battle Estonia after [915]).
4. SIGRÖD (-killed in battle Tunsberg 934, bur Tunsberg).
King Harald I & his second wife had five children:
5. ALOF "Aarbod/Season-bettering".
6. RÖREK.
7. SIGGTRYGG.
8. FRODE.
9. THORGILS.
King Harald I & his third wife had three children:
10. OLAV Geirstadaalf (-killed in battle Tunsberg 934, bur Tunsberg).
11. BJÖRN.
12. RAGNAR Rykkil.
King Harald I & his fourth wife had four children[90]:
13. SIGURD "Hrise" .
14. HALFDAN "Haaleg" (-killed in battle [894]).
15. GUDRÖD Ljome .
16. RAGNVALD Rettilbein.
King Harald I & his fifth wife had four children:
17. DAG.
18. RING.
19. GUDRÖD Skirja.
20. INGEGERD.
King Harald & his sixth wife had one child:
21. ERIK ([895]-murdered Stainmore Westmoreland 954).
King Harald I had one illegitimate daughter by Mistress (1):
22. INGEBORG.
King Harald I had one illegitimate son by Mistress (2):
23. HAAKON ([Alrekstad] [919]-[Alrekstad] 960, bur Saeheim, North Hordaland[179])."
Med Lands cites:

Reference: Genealogics cites: Wikipedia Website. Haakon.²

     Halfdan "Haaleg" Harraldsson (?) died in 894; Killed in battle.¹
      ; Per Med Lands:
     "HALFDAN "Haaleg" (-killed in battle [894]). Snorre names "Sigurd Hrise…Halfdan Haleg, Gudrod Ljome and Ragnvald Rettilbeine" as the four sons of King Harald and his wife Snæfrid[94]. The Historia Norwegie names "Halfdanus Hafoeta" as eighth son of "Haraldus Comatus"[95]. Snorre records that, with his brother Gudred Liomi he surprised Ragnvald Mörejarl [ancestor of the Dukes of Normandy and Jarls of Orkney] in his hall in [894] and burned him alive[96]. Orkneyinga Saga records that “Halfdan Long-Leg and Gudrod Gleam, King Harald´s sons by Snæfrid” attacked “Earl Rognvald of More, killed him and assumed his authority”, that Halfdan left for Orkney and “conquered the islands and set himself up as king over them”, Jarl Einar “fled the islands over to Scotland” but returned “later in the year…[and] came out as victor”, and that Halfdan´s body was found in the sea and mutilated (including graphic details of the mutilation)[97]. He was killed by Einar I "Turf-Einar" Jarl of Orkney after he invaded Orkney following the death of Jarl Ragnvald[98]. The Historia Norwegie records that "Halfdan…Hafota" was murdered by the men of Orkney[99]."
Med Lands cites:

     Milon IV (?) Comte de Tonnerre married Ermengarde de Bar-sur-Seine, daughter of Reinald (?) Comte de Bar-sur-Seine.^1,2
Milon IV (?) Comte de Tonnerre was born between 950 and 965.¹
Milon IV (?) Comte de Tonnerre died circa 1002.¹
      ; Per Med Lands:
     "[ERMENGARDE (-after 1018). Ernest Petit suggests that Ermengarde, wife of Milon [III] Comte de Tonnerre, was the daughter of Rainard and heiress of Bar-sur-Seine[175]. A family connection is indicated by the charter dated to [992/1005] under which “Milo comes Tornodorensis castri” donated property "in villa…Curtis-Secreta" to the monastery of Saint-Michel, with the consent of “coniugis mee Ermengarde et carissimorum filiorum meorum Achardi, Rainardi et Alberici”[176], the property being the same as the subject of the [992] charter witnessed by "…Raynardus comes…"[177].
     "m MILON [IV] Comte de Tonnerre, son of --- ([950/65]-1002 or after).]"
Med Lands cites: GAV-27.

; Per Med Lands:
     "MILON [IV] de Tonnerre ([950/65]-1002 or after). The parentage of Milon [IV] is not known. There are three possibilities. Firstly, he could have been the same person as Milon [III] shown above as father of Milon [V]. This is not an ideal fit. Milon [IV] does not name Milon and Guy among his “carissimorum filiorum” in his charter dated to [992/1005] (see below)[45]. The addition of “carissimorum” suggests that the three sons named in the document were his only children, as it is difficult to imagine how he could have had other children whom he did not consider “carissimorum”. One possibility is that Milon [V] and Guy would have been born after the date of the charter. However, the document strongly suggests that it was written with the donor’s death in mind as he requests that his own and his wife’s anniversaries be remembered, although it is of course not impossible that he recovered from the illness from which he was suffering and had more children. Secondly, Milon [IV] could have been an older son of Milon [II] who succeeded his father in the county. The birth date ranges for Milon [IV] and for Guy, known son of Milon [II], allow for this possibility. Thirdly, he could have been the son of an otherwise unknown older son of Milon [II] who succeeded his paternal grandfather in the county. The birth date ranges are not incompatible with this possibility either, assuming that Milon [II]’s son Guy was born early in the date range shown for him above, while Milon [IV] was born late in his birth date range. As can be seen, no factor points conclusively to one of these possibilities being correct. It is preferable therefore to avoid further speculation and show his parentage as unknown, although it should be emphasised that the suggested birth date ranges assigned to the various members of this family are speculative and that the conclusions could be different if they were incorrect. Comte de Tonnerre. "Milo comes, Lambertus, Richardus, Albericus, Archanradus, Calo, Girvardus, Raynardus comes, Erembertus, Ormundus, Widricus, Milo, Achardus, Odo, Raynardus" witnessed the charter dated to [992] under which “Umbertus…et mee conjugis…Giberge” donated property "in villa…Curtis-Secreta…in comitatu Tornodorense" to Saint-Michel de Tonnerre[46]. "…Raynardi comitis…Milonis comitis, Aremberti…" subscribed a charter dated to [997] which deals with the property at Coussegré[47]. “Milo comes Tornodorensis castri” donated property "in villa…Curtis-Secreta" to the monastery of Saint-Michel, with the consent of “coniugis mee Ermengarde et carissimorum filiorum meorum Achardi, Rainardi et Alberici”, by charter dated to [992/1005][48]. The charter appears to have been written with his own death in mind as he requests the anniversaries of his own and his wife’s deaths to be remembered.
     "m ERMENGARDE, daughter of --- (-after 1018). Ernest Petit suggests that she was Ermengarde, daughter and heiress of Rainard Comte [de Bar-sur-Seine] & his wife ---, in order to explain how her granddaughter by Comte Milon, Eustachia, transmitted this county to her husband Gauthier de Brienne[49]. A family connection is indicated by the charter dated to [992/1005] uner which “Milo comes Tornodorensis castri” donated property "in villa…Curtis-Secreta" to the monastery of Saint-Michel, with the consent of “coniugis mee Ermengarde et carissimorum filiorum meorum Achardi, Rainardi et Alberici”[50], the property being the same as the subject of the [992] charter witnessed by "…Raynardus comes…"[51]. According to Ernest Petit[52], Ermengardis married secondly Héribert [IV] Comte de Vermandois. The author highlights a charter of Ermengarde Ctss de Vermandois witnessed by Rainard Comte de Tonnerre. He suggests that Rainard would only have done this if he were the son of Ermengarde, although other explanations must be possible. Settipani points out[53] that Ermengardis is named as the wife of Héribert in a document of her father-in-law Albert I Comte de Vermandois, relating to the abbey of Homblières, dated some time between 982 and the death of Comte Albert (in 987). If the two marriages apply to the same Ermengarde, Comte Héribert must therefore have been her first husband and Comte Milon her second. However, it is not clear that this suggested co-identity is correct, a simpler explanation being that there were two different individuals named Ermengarde. "Raynardus comes Tornodorensis pagi et mater mea Ermengardis comitissa" donated "alodum nostrum…Cappam" to Saint-Michel by charter dated 1002, signed by "Odonis vicecomitis…"[54]."
Med Lands cites:

     Helvis (?) married Renaud/Rainard I (?) Comte de Tonnerre, son of Milon IV (?) Comte de Tonnerre and Ermengarde de Bar-sur-Seine, after 1002.¹

      ; Per Med Lands:
     "RAINARD de Tonnerre ([980/90]-after 16 Jul 1039). “Milo comes Tornodorensis castri” donated property to the monastery of Saint-Michel, with the consent of “coniugis mee Ermengarde et…filiorum meorum Achardi, Rainardi et Alberici”, by charter dated to [992/1005][58]. "Milo comes… Achardus, Odo, Raynardus" witnessed the charter dated to [992] under which “Umbertus…et mee conjugis…Giberge” donated property "in villa…Curtis-Secreta…in comitatu Tornodorense" to Saint-Michel de Tonnerre[59]. It is possible that the last three names in the list refer to the children of Milon [IV] Comte de Tonnerre. Comte de Tonnerre. "Raynardus comes Tornodorensis pagi et mater mea Ermengardis comitissa" donated "alodum nostrum…Cappam" to Saint-Michel by charter dated 1002, signed by "Odonis vicecomitis…"[60]. "Leotgarda comitissa…ac filii mei Rogerii" donated "terram…in villa…Jassant" to Saint-Michel by charter dated to [1005], signed by "Rogerius comes, Richardus, Rainardus comes, Alberic, Erembertus vicecomes, Milo…"[61]. “Rainaldus comes” donated property to the monastery of Saint-Michel, for the soul of “filii mei Othonis” buried in the monastery and “uxore mea Herviz…filio nostro Arduyno ac filia Ermengarda”, by charter dated Jul 1036, subscribed by “…Raynaldi comitis, Willelmi comitis filius eius”[62]. “Raynardus comes” donated property to the monastery of Saint-Michel (on his deathbed), with the consent of “uxoris mee Herviz et filii mei Harduini sive filie mee Ermengarde”, by charter dated 16 Jul 1039 which also names “mater mea Ermengardis”[63].
     "m (after 1002) HELVIS, daughter of --- (-after 16 Jul 1039). “Rainaldus comes” donated property to the monastery of Saint-Michel, for the soul of “filii mei Othonis” buried in the monastery and “uxore mea Herviz…filio nostro Arduyno ac filia Ermengarda”, by charter dated Jul 1036[64]. “Raynardus comes” donated property to the monastery of Saint-Michel (on his deathbed), with the consent of “uxoris mee Herviz et filii mei Harduini sive filie mee Ermengarde”, by charter dated 16 Jul 1039 which also names “mater mea Ermengardis”[65]."
Med Lands cites: GAV-26.

     Matilda (?) married Guillaume I (?) Comte de Nevers & Auxerre, son of Renaud I (?) Count of Nevers & Auxerre and Advisa (?) de France, Comtesse d'Auxerre, before 1085
;
His 2nd wife.^1,2,3
     ; Per Med Lands:
     "GUILLAUME [I] de Nevers, son of RENAUD I Comte de Nevers & his wife Hedwige de France (-20 Jun 1098, bur Nevers, Saint-Etienne). "Rainaldus comes Nivernensis" donated property "Belmontis" to Cluny, for the souls of "…uxoris mee Advise et filiorum meorum qui presentes sunt…" by charter dated to [1028/40], subscribed by "filii eorum Willelmi"[77]. He succeeded his father in 1040 as Comte de Nevers, Comte d'Auxerre. Comte de Tonnerre, de iure uxoris. "Willelmus Nivernensis comes" made a donation to Cluny dated 13 Dec 1097[78]. The Annales Nivernenses record the death in 1098 of "Willelmus comes Nivernesium"[79]. The necrology of the abbey of Saint-Denis records the death "XII Kal Jul" of "Guillelmus comes Nivernensis"[80].
     "m firstly ([1039]) ERMENGARDE Ctss de Tonnerre, daughter of RENAUD [I] Comte de Tonnerre & his wife Helvis --- ([1023/26]-before 1090). “Milo comes Tornodorensis castri” donated property to the monastery of Saint-Michel, for the soul of “filii mei Othonis” buried in the monastery and “uxore mea Herviz…filio nostro Arduyno ac filia Ermengarda”, by charter dated Jul 1036[81]. Her birth date is estimated from her marriage in [1039], combined with the fact that she was still not of marriageable age in 1036. “Raynardus comes” donated property to the monastery of Saint-Michel (on his deathbed), with the consent of “uxoris mee Herviz et filii mei Harduini sive filie mee Ermengarde”, by charter dated 16 Jul 1039 which also names “mater mea Ermengardis”[82]. Her marriage is referred to in the Gesta pontificum Autissiodorensium[83]. She succeeded as Ctss de Tonnerre in 1065 when her cousin Comte Hugues-Rainard became bishop of Langres[84].
     "m secondly (before 1085) MATHILDE, daughter of ---. The primary source which confirms her marriage has not been identified."
Med Lands cites:
; Per Racines et Histoire (Nevers): “Guillaume 1er de Nevers (& II d’Auxerre) + 20/06/1098 ? comte de Nevers et d’Auxerre (1040) puis de Tonnerre (par droit de sa femme) (donation à Cluny 13/12/1097)
     ép. 1) 1039 Ermengarde, comtesse de Tonnerre (1065, quand son cousin Hugues-Rainard devient Evêque de Langres) ° 1023/26 + avant 1090 (1083 ?) (fille de Renaud/Rainard 1er de Tonnerre, et d’Helvis(e) de Chartres-Breteuil ?) (> cf. p.18)
     ép. 2) avant 1085 Mathilde”.³

Reference: Genealogics cites: Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag, Marburg, Schwennicke, Detlev (Ed.) 3:716.¹

     Helvise de Nevers married Guillaume "Crespin" d'Evreux Comte d'Evreux, son of Richard d'Evreux 2nd Comte d'Evreux and Godehilde (?).¹

Helvise de Nevers died between February 1113 and 18 April 1118.¹
      ; Per Med Lands:
     "GUILLAUME "Crespin" d'Evreux (-18 or 20 Apr 1118, bur Fontenelle, monastery of Saint-Wandrille[666]). Guillaume of Jumièges records that “Richardus Ebroicensis comes filius Roberti Archiepiscopi” married “uxore Rogerii de Toenia” by whom he had “Willelmum qui nunc Ebroicensibus principatur”[667]. The Brevis Relatio de Origine Willelmi Conquestoris records that "Willelmo comite Deurons" contributed 80 ships towards the invasion of England in 1066[668]. Orderic Vitalis names “...Guillermus Ricardi Ebroicensis comitis filius...” among those who took part in the battle of Hastings[669]. Comte d'Evreux. He was taken prisoner during the siege of the castle of Sainte-Suzanne in 1085[670]. Orderic Vitalis records that “comes Ebroicensis” requested Robert [III] Duke of Normandy to return “Bathventum et Nogionem, Vaceium et Craventionem, Scoceium [Bavent, near Troarn, Noyon-sur-Andelle, Gacé, Gravençon, Ecouché], aliosque fundos Radulfi patrui mei...Caput Asini” to him and grant “Pontem Sancti Petri” [Pont Saint-Pierre] to “nepoti...meo Guillelmo Bretoliensi”, which the duke agreed to, except “Scoceium” which was held by “Girardus de Gornaco...qui de eadem parentela prodierat, filius...Basiliæ Girardi Fleitelli filiæ”, dated to [1089][671]. Orderic Vitalis records that “Guillelmus” [Guillaume de Breteuil] gave “tria millia librarum” to “avunculo suo Radulpho” [Raoul [III] de Tosny] for his ransom as part of the peace settlement of the Evreux/Tosny war and appointed “Rogerium consobrinum suum Radulfi filium” [Roger [II] de Tosny] as his heir and that Guillaume Comte d’Evreux also named Roger as his heir[672]. He and his wife were exiled from Normandy to Anjou in 1112 by Henry I King of England who restored the county to them in late Feb 1113[673]. Henry II King of England confirmed the property of the abbey of Saint-Martin de Troarn, including donations by "…Willelmi comitis Ebroicensis et Helewisie uxoris sue…", by charter dated to [1155/57][674]. He was "struck down by apoplexy" and, after his death without children, King Henry "took the county of Evreux into his own hands" because the count's nephew Amaury de Montfort "had forfeited the king's favour by his effrontery"[675]. The necrology of the monastery of Ouche records the death "18 Apr" of "Willelmus comes Ebroicensis"[676]. The necrology of the church of Evreux records the death "20 Apr" of "Willelmus comes Ebroicensis"[677].
     "m HELVISE de Nevers, daughter of GUILLAUME [I] Comte de Nevers & his first wife Ermengarde Ctss de Tonnerre (-[Feb 1113/18 Apr 1118], bur Noyon[678]). She, her father and her husband are named by Orderic Vitalis, who says she was[679]. Orderic Vitalis records the bitter dispute between “Helvisa...comitissa” and “Isabelem de Conchis”, adding that Helvise was “solers...et facunda, sed atrox et avara” and that in war she rode armed like a knight, while Isabelle was “dapsilis et audax atque jocosa...amabilis et grata”[680]. "Willelmi comitis Ebroicensis, Helvisse comitisse" donated property to the abbey of Saint-Martin, Troarn by charter dated to [1100/14][681]. Henry II King of England confirmed the property of the abbey of Saint-Martin de Troarn, including donations by "…Willelmi comitis Ebroicensis et Helewisie uxoris sue…", by charter dated to [1155/57][682]."
Med Lands cites:

; Per Med Lands:
     "HELVISE de Nevers (-[Feb 1113/18 Apr 1118], bur Noyon[115]). She, her father and her husband are named by Orderic Vitalis[116]. Orderic Vitalis records the bitter dispute between “Helvisa...comitissa” and “Isabelem de Conchis”, adding that Helvise was “solers...et facunda, sed atrox et avara” and that in war she rode armed like a knight, while Isabelle was “dapsilis et audax atque jocosa...amabilis et grata”[117]. Henry II King of England confirmed the property of the abbey of Saint-Martin de Troarn, including donations by "…Willelmi comitis Ebroicensis et Helewisie uxoris sue…", by charter dated to [1155/57][118].
     "m GUILLAUME "Crespin" Comte d'Evreux, son of RICHARD Comte d'Evreux [Normandy] & his wife Godechildis --- (-18 or 20 Apr 1118, bur Fontenelle, monastery of Saint-Wandrille)."1
Med Lands cites:

     Guinidilda d’Urgel married Raimund II (?) Comte de Nîmes et d'Albi, de Toulouse, son of Eudes/Odon (?) Comte de Toulouse, Rouergue et de Quercy and Garsinde (?) d'Albi, circa 895
; Date per Bunot.^2,3,4,5
Guinidilda d’Urgel died before 924.²
      ; Per Med Lands:
     "RAYMOND de Toulouse (-[923/24]). His parentage is confirmed by a charter dated 16 Jun 918, which records an audience at Ausonne in the diocesis of Carcassonnne held by "Aridemandus episcopus sedis Tolosæ civitatis...missus advocatus Raymundo comite Tolosæ civitatis et marchio" with the consent of "Odone comite genitore suo"[238]. The Vita Sancti Geraldi Aureliacensis Comitis records that "Raimundum…comitem filium…Odonis" captured "nepotem domni Geraldi…Benedictum, Tolosæ…vicecomitem" and that "Geraldus…cum sorore sua Avigerna" requested his release[239]. The Histoire Générale de Languedoc dates the event to [894/909], the earlier date being when the monastery of Aurillac was founded and the latter the date of death of Benoît´s maternal uncle[240]. If the estimated date is correct, this was before the death of Raymond´s father and therefore before his succession as comte de Toulouse. If at that date Raymond already held the comital title in his own right, it tends to corroborate the co-identity of Raymond II Comte de Toulouse with Raymond Comte d´Albi, as discussed below. He succeeded his father in [918] as RAYMOND II Comte de Toulouse. [same person as…? RAYMOND Comte d´Albi (-after 915). It is not certain whether the following documents all refer to the future Raymond II Comte de Toulouse: Comte de [Nîmes]. A bull of Pope John VIII dated 18 Aug 878, relating to papal authority over the monastery of Saint-Gilles, is subscribed by "Raimundus comes, Berengarius vicecomes…Emenus vicecomes, Oddo vicecomes, Ugo comes"[241]. A charter dated Aug 878 records an audience held by "Reymundo comite" at Albi[242]. A charter dated Apr 890 records a judgment in the court of "Raimundus…comes ipsius pagi…Allidulfo suo viciscomiti" relating to a claim by "Bligardis…in comitatu Nemausensi"[243]. A charter dated 23 May 898 records business in the presence of "Bernardo vices-comite…Regemundo comite…Berengario comite"[244]. "Regimundo comite" subscribed a charter dated Jul 902 recording a donation to Nîmes Notre-Dame[245]. A charter dated 18 Jul 915 records business in the presence of "Regemundo comite" and "Daruardus vicecomes Rotenensi" as judge in "Andusie…castello"[246]. It is possible that Raymond inherited Albi from his mother´s family. In later documentation, Albi and Nîmes are recorded under the same vicomtes, and it is also possible that they were linked under the same count in the late 9th century and that Nîmes was also inherited by Raymond. The fact that no further record is found relating to Raymond in Nîmes after 915 could be explained by his succession in Toulouse, after which Nîmes would have ceased to be one of his main centres of activity. No other Comte Raymond has so far been identified who could be this comte de Nîmes. "Ugo comes" who also subscribed the 878 papal bull has not yet been identified.] No document has been identified that Comte Raymond II also held the title Marquis de Gothie. The death of Guillaume I "le Pieux" Duke of Aquitaine, Marquis de Gothie, is dated to 918. The son of Comte Raymond II, Comte Raymond Pons, is recorded with the title in 924. As shown below, Ermengaud, supposed brother of Comte Raymond II is referred to as "princeps Gothiæ" by Flodoard in 932. It is suggested that Raymond II and his supposed brother received the title jointly in [918/19] from Charles III "le Simple" King of the West Franks. No close family connection has been traced between Comte Raymond II and Duke Guillaume I. It is therefore unlikely that the two supposed brothers succeeded to the title by inheritance.
     "m --- (-[after 28 Sep 926]). The name and origin of the wife of Comte Raymond II are unknown. She may have been GUINIDILDA, daughter of ---, as suggested by the charter dated 28 Sep 926, under which "Teudericus et uxor mea…Sposia" donated property to Narbonne cathedral, signed by "Vulveradus vicecomes…Widinildis comitissa, Richildis vicecomitissa…"[247]. As Narbonne was under the suzerainty of the comtes de Toulouse, it is possible that "Widinildis comitissa" was the legal representative of the county at the time, widow of the former comte and acting in the capacity of guardian for her minor son. According to Europäische Stammtafeln[248], she was [Guinidilda] [de Barcelona, daughter of Guifré [I] "el Velloso/el Pilós/the Hairy" Conde de Barcelona & his wife Guinidilda ---]. As Guinidilda was also the name of the wife of Conde Guifré I, a connection seems likely, although it is also possible that "Vuidinildis comitissa" belonged to the same family as Guinidilda senior (about whose family nothing is known either)."
Med Lands cites:

; heiress from Auvergne, per Bunot "an heiress from Auvergne introducing the Pons
name in Toulouse onomastics (+ before 924.)^6,2"

Reference: Genealogics cites: Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag, Marburg, Schwennicke, Detlev (Ed.), Reference: III 763.³ GAV-30. Guinidilda d’Urgel was also known as Guinedildis (?)³ Guinidilda d’Urgel was also known as Gudinilde (?) de Urgel.^7,8

; Per Med Lands:
     "GUINIDILDA . The name and origin of the wife of Raymond II Comte de Toulouse are not known. "Vulveradus vicecomes…Widinildis comitissa, Richildis vicecomitissa…" signed the charter dated 28 Sep 926 under which "Teudericus et uxor mea…Sposia" donated prope[rty to Narbonne cathedral[168]. As Narbonne was under the suzerainty of the comtes de Toulouse, it is possible that "Widinildis comitissa" was the legal representative of the county at the time, widow of the former comte and acting in the capacity of guardian for her minor son. She is shown as the possible daughter of Guifre [I] Comte de Barcelona in Europäische Stammtafeln[169]. As Guinidilda was also the name of the wife of Comte Guifré [I], a connection seems likely, although it is also possible that "Vuidinildis comitissa" belonged to the same family as Guinidilda senior.]
     "[m RAYMOND II Comte de Toulouse, son of ODON [Eudes] Comte de Toulouse & his wife Gersende d'Albi (-[923/924]).] "
Med Lands cites:

; Per Genealogy.EU (Barcelona 1): “C10. [parentage not proved] Guinidilda, +after 923; m.Cte Raymond II of Toulouse (+923)”


Per Genealogy.EU (Toulouse 1): “C1. Raimund II Cte de Toulouse (918/9-923), +923; m.Gudinilde (de Urgel ?) (+after 923.)^7,9"

     Marguerite (?) Dame d'Oiselles married Etienne III (?) Cmte d'Auxonne, son of Etienne II (?) de Bourgogne, Comte d'Auxonne, Seigneur de Traves and Judith (?) de Lorraine, before 1212
;
His 4th (?) wife. Med Lands says: "[m fourthly ([bigamously?] before 1218.)¹"
     ; Per Med Lands:
     "ETIENNE [III] d'Auxonne, son of ETIENNE [II] Comte d'Auxonne [Bourgogne-Comté] & his wife Judith de Lorraine (before Oct 1172-Marnay 16 Mar 1241). The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "alter Stephanus" as son of "[comes] Stephanum de Ultrasagonam"[188]. "Stephanus comes Burgundie" donated property to Cîteaux with the consent of "uxoris mee Joete et filii mei Stephani" by charter dated 3 Oct 1172[189]. He succeeded his father in 1173 as Comte d'Auxonne, Comte de Traves, Seigneur de Scey-sur-Saône, de Frotey et d'Oiselay. “Stephanus comes filius comitis Stephani Burgund.” confirmed the donation of “una Montea apud Ledonium” made to Tart abbey by “pater meus” by undated charter[190]. He continued the struggle against Othon [II] Comte Palatin de Bourgogne, but was defeated in battle several times. A charter dated 1197 records the agreement between “Stephanus comes Auxone…assensu Beatricis uxoris mee et Stephani filii mei" and "Odo dux Burgundie" concerning "Auxonam villam"[191]. "Stephanus comes Burgondie et dominus Treve" made donations to the church of St Marcel, Chalon by charter dated 1201 which names "comes Stephanus pater meus…et…Stephani filii mei"[192]. “Stephanus comes Burgundie” donated property to Charlieu abbey, with the approval of “Johanne filio meo”, by charter dated 1209[193]. “Etienne de Chalon Comte de Bourgogne” received “ses droits sur Montbarrey et Montigny-lez-Vesoul” from Othon II Comte Palatin de Bourgogne in exchange for “ceux...à Choie” by charter dated 1213[194]. “Ioannes comes Burgundiæ et Cabilonensis” exchanged property with “domino et consanguineo meo Hugone Duci Burgundiæ”, with the consent of “Mathildis uxor dicti comitis et comes Stephanus pater dicti comitis Cabilonens. et Agnes uxor eiusdem comitis Stephani et Hugo filius predicti comitis Cabilon.”, by charter dated 1237[195]. The necrology of the abbey of La Charité records the death “XVII Kal Apr” 1260 of “comes Stephanus pater comitis Iohannis”[196].
     "m firstly ([1186], divorced [1197/1199]) as her first husband, BEATRIX de Chalon, daughter and heiress of GUILLAUME [II] [de Thiern] Comte de Chalon-sur-Saône & his wife --- (-Tournus 7 Apr 1227, bur Abbaye de la Ferté-sur-Grosne). The necrology of Saint-Vincent confirms that Guillaume's successor was his daughter when it records the death "III Non Jan" of "W Cabilonensis comes", adding "et pro filia sua comitissa"[197]. Her first marriage is confirmed by the charter dated 1227 under which "Simon de Joinville, comme mari de Béatrix, fille d'Etienne comte d'Auxonne et de Béatrix comtesse de Chalon" swore homage to the duke of Burgundy for the château de Marnay[198]. A charter dated 1197 records the agreement between “Stephanus comes Auxone…assensu Beatricis uxoris mee et Stephani filii mei" and "Odo dux Burgundie" concerning "Auxonam villam"[199]. She married secondly (before 1200) as his first wife, Guillaume [III] des Barres Seigneur d'Oissery. The primary source which confirms her second marriage has not been identified. She succeeded her father in 1203 as Ctss de Chalon. “Beatrix cometissa Cabilonensis” made an agreement with the abbey of Autun Saint-Martin relating to “mansis in territorio de Chenovis” by charter dated Aug 1226[200]. The necrology of Saint-Vincent records the death "VII Id Apr" of "Beatrix nobilis comitissa Cabilonensis"[201]. The necrology of Maizières records the death "VII Id Apr" of "Beatricis comitisse Cabilonensis"[202].
     "[m secondly] (bigamously [1196/98]) BLANDINE de Cicon, daughter of --- de Cicon & his wife --- (-after Nov 1208). Courcelles states that Etienne married “Blandine de Cicon”, having learned of his consanguinity with his first wife Beatrix de Chalon, before that first marriage was annulled, the nullity of both marriages being declared subsequently[203]. He does not cite the source on which this information is based. “Stephanus comes Burgundiæ” granted property “apud Sistum et Fresne Sancti Mammeris et Torreres et Novamvillam” to “Stephano filio meo de Blandina de Cicons” and “Blandina mater eiusdem Stephani...quamdiu vivet”, provided that she would retain only half “si...capere maritum voluerit”, with the consent of “Iohannes filius meus”, by charter dated Nov 1208[204].
     "m thirdly (before 1212) AGNES de Dreux, daughter of ROBERT [II] Comte de Dreux & his wife Yolande de Coucy ([1195]-19 Sep 1258). The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names one of the seven daughters (mentioned fourth in the list) of "comiti de Brana Roberto" & his wife Yolande as "Agnes" specifying that she married "in Burgundia…comiti Stephano patri Iohannis Cabilonensis"[205]. “Estiennes cons de Bourgoigne et…Jehans cons de Chalon et…Agnes famme le conte Esteveon” granted rights to the inhabitants of Auxonne by charter dated 1229[206]. “Ioannes comes Burgundiæ et Cabilonensis” exchanged property with “domino et consanguineo meo Hugone Duci Burgundiæ”, with the consent of “Mathildis uxor dicti comitis et comes Stephanus pater dicti comitis Cabilonens. et Agnes uxor eiusdem comitis Stephani et Hugo filius predicti comitis Cabilon.”, by charter dated 1237[207]. The necrology of the abbey of La Charité records the death “XIV Kal Oct” of “Agnes comitissa de Axona”[208].
     "[m fourthly ([bigamously?] before 1218) MARGUERITE Dame d'Oiselles, sister of ISABELLE Dame d'Amboise, daughter of ---. The marriage is referred to by Bouchard based on a manuscript in the Bibliothèque Nationale[209]. If it is correct, Comte Etienne must have been separated from his third wife soon after their marriage (unless this fourth marriage was bigamous, like Etienne’s second marriage), but no record of this has been found. In any case, the charter dated 1229 which names Etienne’s living third wife with her husband appears to confirm that his third marriage was not dissolved and that such a fourth marriage would have been invalid. The only possible "Isabelle Dame d'Amboise" during this period was Isabelle de Blois Ctss de Chartres, daughter of Thibaut V Comte de Blois et de Chartres, who married Sulpice [III] Seigneur d'Amboise before 1196[210]. Her sister Marguerite succeeded their father as Ctss de Blois in 1218. No record has been found that she was also "Dame d'Oiselles". In any case, she was married to her third husband Gauthier [II] Seigneur d'Avesnes from some time after 1200 until she died in 1230. There is therefore no clear explanation for the reference in the document discovered by Bouchard.]"
Med Lands cites:

     Guillaume I du Hommet lived at an unknown place ; GAV-25.

; Per Med Lands:
     "[GUILLAUME [I] du Hommet . Stapleton records a charter dated 1239 under which “William du Hommet, Constable of Normandy filius Ricardi de Humeto junioris” confirmed privileges of the priory of Saint-Fromond stating that it was founded during the time of Richard II Duke of Normandy (so before 1026) by “Robertus de Humeto” who was succeeded by his grandson and heir “William du Hommet”[735]. He is named Connétable de Normandie in the 1213 charter cited under his daughter below.
     "m ---. The name of Guillaume’s wife is not known.]"
Med Lands cites:

     Fulk II Paynell married Cecile Taisson, daughter of Jourdain Taisson and Leticie de Saint-Sauveur,
;
His 1st wife.³ Fulk II Paynell married Agatha du Hammet, daughter of Guillaume II du Hommet and Lucy de Brus?, after June 1187
;
His 2nd wife; her 2nd husband. Her 1nst husband d. 7 Jun 1187.^1,4,5
Fulk II Paynell died after 25 June 1215.¹
      ; Per Med Lands:
     "FULK [II] Paynell (-after 25 Jun 1215). “Fulcodius Paganellus” donated property to Tykford Priory by undated charter, witnessed by “Gervasius Paganellus et uxor eius comitissa Isabella et Robertus Paganellus eorum filius, et Willielmus Paganellus prædicti Fulcodii frater…”[159]. “Gervasius Paganellus” donated property to Tykford Priory, with the consent of “uxoris meæ Isabellæ comitissæ de Norhamton”, by charter dated 1187 which names “Fulcodius Paganellus avus meus et Radulfus Paganellus pater meus”, witnessed by “Simone comite Northamptoniæ, Isabella comitissa matre eius…Fulcone Paganello, Wilielmo fratre eius…Wilielmo Paganello et Bernardo filio eius…”[160]. King John pardoned "Fulcon Painell" and agreed the marriage between "filium eius Willelmum" and "filia Radi Teysum primogenitam" by charter dated 25 Jun 1215[161].
     "m firstly CECILE Taisson, daughter of JOURDAIN Taisson & his wife Leticie ---. "Letitia de Sancto Salvatore, qui fui uxor Jordani Tesson" donated property to the abbey of Hambie, witnessed by "Jordano Tesson filio meo, Roberto de Monte acuto milite, Letitia filia mea uxore Fulconis Paganelli"[162].
     "m secondly (after Jun 1187) as her second husband, AGATHA du Hommet, widow of GUILLAUME de Fougères, daughter of [RICHARD du Hommet & his wife Agnes de Say]. Her first marriage and parentage are confirmed by the Chronicon Savigniacensis Monasterii which records the death "XVIII Kal Jul" in 1212 of "Gaufridus dominus Filgeriarum, filius Willelmi et Agathæ, filiæ Willelmi de Humeto"[163]. The primary source which confirms that Richard was her father has not yet been identified, but from a chronological point of view this appears likely to be correct. Her second marriage is indicated by the charter dated Mar [1230/31] under which “Fulco Paganelli” gave security to Louis IX King of France on behalf of “Radulpho de Filgeriis nepoti meo” relating to “terram suam in Normannia”[164].
     "Fulk [II] & his second wife had five children:
Med Lands cites:

; Per Med Lands:
     "CECILE Taisson . "Letitia de Sancto Salvatore, qui fui uxor Jordani Tesson" donated property to the abbey of Hambie, witnessed by "Jordano Tesson filio meo, Roberto de Monte acuto milite, Letitia filia mea uxore Fulconis Paganelli"[1086].
     "m as his first wife, FULK [II] Paynell, son of FULK [I] Paynell de Hambye & his wife Lesceline de Subligny (-after 25 Jun 1215)."
Med Lands cites:
; NB: There is a disagreement regarding the lineage of the English side of the Paynel family between the "Paynel family" article in and the lineage as laid out in Med Lands.


     I. ODNB says that a Ralph Paynel (d. bef 1124) was the 1st English representative of the family, and gives no origin for Ralph. It assigns Ralph two possible wives, m1 NN de Lacy and m2 Maud de Surdeval. Ralph's heir was his son William (d. 1145x7). Per ODNB:
I.0. Unnamed ancestor
I.1. Ralph (d. bef 1124), m1 NN de Lacy, m2 Maud de Surdeval; he had a son:
-----> I.1.1 William (d. 1145x7), m1 NN d'Avranches, and had four sons and one dau.:
-----> I.1.2.1 Hugh I (d. c a 1179)
-----> I.1.2.2 Fulk I (d. 1182/3), m. Lesceline de Grippon or de Subligny
-----> I.1.2.3
-----> I.1.2.4 (not named)
-----> I.1.2.5 (not named)
          m2 Avice de Rumillly (d. ca 1176), and had one dau.:
-----> I.1.2.5 Alice


     II. Med Lands says that the early English Ralph was brother of another William (d. 1087), who was the father of the William (the heir, d. aft 1145). Thus, Ralph was the uncle, not father, of the William (the heir, d. aft 1145). Per Med Lands:
II.0. NN Paynel, he had two sons:
-----> II.1. William (d1087), had a son:
----------> II.1.1. William (d aft 1145) m. NN d'Avranches; he had two sons:
---------------> II.1.1.1. Hugh (d 1180 or bef) m. Nicole NN
---------------> II.1.1.2 Fulk I (d 1182), m. Lesceline de Subligny
-----> II.2. Ralph (d. aft 1088), m1 NN, m2 Maud de Surdeval; he had a son
----------> II.2.1 William (d aft 1147), m. Avice de Rumilly
Conclusion: The differences between ODNB and Med Lands are more complicated than this simple presentation (in assignments of children, names of spouses, etc.) It is tempting to read into this that Med Lands has confused two Williams (II.1.1 and II.2.1); but there is no proof of that. Perhaps the common father for William II.1 and Ralph II.2 is mythical or perhaps William II.1 was in fact the of William II.1.1 and Ralph II.2. For the moment this is just speculation on my part, and I have chosen to follow the more complicated Med Lands lineage, though I continue to study the issue. GA Vaut.^6,7,8

     Fulk I Paynell Hambye and Bréhal, Normandy and Drax, Yorkshire married Lesceline de Subligny Dame du Grippon, daughter of Hasculf de Subligny seigneur d'Avranches and Denise d'Avranches.¹

Fulk I Paynell Hambye and Bréhal, Normandy and Drax, Yorkshire died in 1182.¹
      ; Per Med Lands:
     "FULK [I] Paynell of Hambye and Bréhal, Nor mandy and Drax, Yorkshire, son of WILLIAM Paynell de Moûtiers-Hubert & his wife [--- d’Avranches] (-1182). "Villelmus Paganellus" founded the abbey of Hambie, with the consent of "filiorum meorum Hugonis et Fulconis, et Thomæ et Ioannis", by undated charter, dated to [1145][151]. “Fulco Paganellus” confirmed properties of Drax priory, Yorkshire, with the consent of “Lecellinæ uxoris meæ”, by undated charter[152]. "…Folqueio Painel…" confirmed the charter dated to [1180/82] under which Henry II King of England confirmed a donation to the abbey of Hambie by "Philippus de Columbariis"[153]. The Red Book of the Exchequer, listing scutage payments in [1190/91], records "feoda Fulkonis Paingnel" paying "xx s…ii milites" in Yorkshire[154].
     "m LESCELINE de Subligny Dame du Grippon, daughter of HASCULF de Subligny & his wife Denise d’Avranches (-1198 or after). "Guillelmus…episcopus" confirmed donations to the abbey of Hambie made by "Lescelina de Subligny uxor Fulconis Paganelli", by undated charter, dated to [1145][155]. Her parents are named in the Complete Peerage, but the primary source on which the information is based has not yet been identified[156]."
Med Lands cites:

; Per Wikipédia (Fr.): "Foulques (I) († 1182/83), seigneur de Hambye et lord de Drax, (x1) Lesceline de Subligny, fille d'Harcoul, seigneur d'Avranches”.³