Person Page - 1780

     Niels/Nicholas (?) King of Denmark was born in 1063.³ He married Margareta/Fredkulla (?) of Sweden, daughter of Inge I "the Elder" Stenkilsson (?) of Sweden and Helena (?), circa 1105
; his 1st wife.^4,5,2 Niels/Nicholas (?) King of Denmark married Ulvhild/Ulfhild (?), daughter of Hakon/Harold Finnsson (?), say 1130
; his 2nd wife; her 2nd husband; prob. m. ca 1130, about when her 1st husband died.^4,2,6
Niels/Nicholas (?) King of Denmark died on 25 June 1134; murdered.^1,2
      ; King of Denmark.^4,2

     Ulvhild/Ulfhild (?) married Inge II "the Younger" Halstenson (?) King of Sweden, son of Halsten Stenkilson (?) King of Sweden, before 1130
; m. bef 1130, the year her husband died; her 1st husband; his 2nd wife.^2,4 Ulvhild/Ulfhild (?) married Niels/Nicholas (?) King of Denmark, son of Svend II Ulfssen (?) King of Denmark, say 1130
; his 2nd wife; her 2nd husband; prob. m. ca 1130, about when her 1st husband died.^1,5,2 Ulvhild/Ulfhild (?) married Sverker I Rolsson (?) King of Sweden, son of Kol (?), say 1134
; her 3rd husband; prob. m. aft 1334 - the year her 2nd husband died.^3,6,7

     Rixa/Richiza/Swentoslawa (?) of Poland was born in April 1116; Leo van de Pas says b. Apr 1116; Genealogy.EU Piast 1 page says b. 1116/7.^1,2,3 She married Magnus "the Strong" Nielson (?) King of Sweden, son of Niels/Nicholas (?) King of Denmark and Margareta/Fredkulla (?) of Sweden, in 1129
; her 1st husband; Genealogy.EU (Denmark 2 page) says m. ca 1157; Piast 1 page says m. 1129/30.^9,1,2,10,3 Rixa/Richiza/Swentoslawa (?) of Poland married Volodar Glebowitsch (?) Prince of Minsk/Polock, son of Gleb Vseslavitch (?) 1st Prince of Minsk, Prince of Polotzk and Anastasia Jaropolkowna (?) of Turow, in 1135
; her 2nd husband; Genealogy.EU Piast 1 page says m. aft 18.5.1136; Leo van de Pas says m. 1135; Rurik 2 page says m. 1136/39.^2,11,3,12 Rixa/Richiza/Swentoslawa (?) of Poland and Volodar Glebowitsch (?) Prince of Minsk/Polock were divorced.¹¹ Rixa/Richiza/Swentoslawa (?) of Poland married Sverker I Rolsson (?) King of Sweden, son of Kol (?), after 1143
; his 2nd wife, her 3rd husband; Genealogy.EU (Sweden 3 page) says m. after 1143; Piast 1 page says m. aft 1143; Louda & Maclagan Table 27 says m. 1139.^9,13,3
Rixa/Richiza/Swentoslawa (?) of Poland was buried after 25 December 1155 at Alvastra Klosterruin, Ödeshögs kommun, Ödeshögs kommun, Sweden (now); From Find A Grave:
     ORIGINAL NAME     Rikissa Swantoslawa Boleslavna of Poland
     BIRTH     12 Apr 1116
     DEATH     1160 (aged 43–44)
     Queen of Sweden. She was originally a princess of Poland of the Piast Dynasty, also called Rixa, and the daughter of Boleslaw III Wrymouth and Salome, originally of Berg-Schelklingen. Her four brothers shared rule in Poland after their father's death in 1139. About twelve years before that, Richeza was married to the Danish prince who was King Magnus I of Sweden, becoming his Queen Consort during a short and shaky reign. She had two sons by him. The elder of them was later Canute V of Denmark for ten years, one of which was spent in exile in Sweden from 1150, where his mother then had become Queen again (see below). First, after Magnus had fallen in battle in 1134, she married Grand Duke Walter or Oswald or Waldemar (Wolodar Glyebovitch or Wsewolod II Olgovitch or Vladimir) of Halicka Land, around Minsk, and had a daughter Sophia by him, who became Queen of Denmark and the mother of a future Swedish queen named for Richeza. The Grand Duke died and she returned from White Russia to Denmark in 1146 to see Canute become King there. Three years later she was back in Sweden and married King Sweartgar I, whose first queen Wolfhilda had died a year earlier. By him she had another son, Boleslaw named for her father, who was proclaimed King of Sweden after her death, for a year or so around 1167 (when he either was killed or withdrew and lived until 1173). By her death, the year of which is an approximation here (probably between 1157-1160), she had survived three husbands, two of which were assassinated. She was the mother of two kings both of sad destinies, but the mother-in-law of a third whose fate with her daughter was a much better one. Her burial as listed in the Sweartgarian graves at Alvastra is reasonably factual. Bio by: Count Demitz
     Family Members
     Parents
          Boleslaw III Wrymouth 1086–1138
     Spouses
          Magnus I 1106–1134
          Sweartgar I 1100–1156
     Siblings
          Casimir of Masovia unknown–1194
          Vladislas II King Of Poland 1105–1159
          Mieszko III Stary 1126–1202
     BURIAL     Alvastra Klosterruin, Ödeshögs kommun, Östergötlands län, Sweden
     Maintained by: Find A Grave
     Originally Created by: Count Demitz
     Added: 29 Sep 2006
     Find A Grave Memorial 15927613.¹⁴
Rixa/Richiza/Swentoslawa (?) of Poland died after 25 December 1155.^1,2,3
     Reference: Genealogics cites:

; [2m.] Ryksa, *1116/17, +after 25.12.1155; 1m: 1129/30 King Magnus of Vaestergotland, co-king of Denmark (*1106 +1134); 2m: after 18.5.1136 Pr Vladimir of Novgorod (+after 1139); 3m: after 1143 King Sverker of Sweden (+1156.)³

     Magnus "the Strong" Nielson (?) King of Sweden was born in 1106.^1,2,3,4 He married Rixa/Richiza/Swentoslawa (?) of Poland, daughter of Boleslaw III Krzywousty (?) King of Poland and Salome (?) von Berg-Schelklingen, in 1129
; her 1st husband; Genealogy.EU (Denmark 2 page) says m. ca 1157; Piast 1 page says m. 1129/30.^2,1,5,3,4
Magnus "the Strong" Nielson (?) King of Sweden died in 1134; killed in battle.^1,2,3,4
      ; King of Sweden/Vaestergotland.^1,2,3

     Knut III Magnusson (?) King of Denmark was born circa 1130.³ He married unknown Sverkersdotter (?), daughter of Sverker I Rolsson (?) King of Sweden and Ulvhild/Ulfhild (?), in 1156.^4,3

Knut III Magnusson (?) King of Denmark died in 1157; murdered.^3,1
      ; Knut III Magnussen, King of Jutland 1147, co-King of Denmark (1154-57), +murdered 1157; m.1156 N of Sweden
E1. St.Niels, +1180
E2. Waldemar, Archbishop of Bremen, +1236.¹
Knut III Magnusson (?) King of Denmark was also known as Canute V/III Magnussen (?) King of Denmark.^3,1

; King of Denmark, ruled jointly with Sweyn III, deposed.^3,5

     Helena (?) married Inge I "the Elder" Stenkilsson (?) of Sweden, son of Stenkil Ragnvaldson (?) King of Sweden and "Ingamoder" Emundsdottir (?) of Sweden,
;
His 1st (?) wife.^3,4,5,6
      ; Per Med Lands:
     "INGE Stenkilsson (-[1111]). Snorre names Inge as son of Stenkel when recording that he succeeded Hakon as king[93]. He lived in Russia before being recalled to Sweden to become king, although the primary source on which this statement is based has not yet been identified. He succeeded in 1080 as INGE I King of Sweden. Orkneyinga Saga records that “King Ingi Steinkelsson” was deposed because of his Christianity and replaced by “another king who still adhered to the pagan rites, the queen´s brother Svein, nicknamed the Sacrificer”, adding that Inge “was forced into exile and went to West Gotaland, but eventually managed to trap Svein inside a house and burnt him there” before resuming control[94].
     "m firstly HELENA, daughter of ---. Her marriage is confirmed by a charter dated 1194/95 which names “Cristinæ Reginæ…filia…Ingonis Suevorum Regis et Helena Reginæ”[95]. Presumably Helena originated in Russia where her husband allegedly lived before 1080. She is first named in Abbot William's genealogy of the Danish kings written in [1193][96]. Her possible Russian or Byzantine origin, and whether the series of Greek names were introduced into the Swedish royal family through her influence, is discussed by M. Sjöström[97].
     "m secondly MAER, sister of BLOT-SVEN [later King of Sweden]. She is the wife attributed to King Inge in the Sagas, but as "Maer" means "the maiden" she may be identical with his first wife shown above[98]. However, Sjöström suggests that Queen Helena´s religious donations indicate that this is unlikely to be correct because Blot-Sven is recorded in primary sources as a heathen[99]."
Med Lands cites:

; Per Genealogy.EU (Sweden 2): “A2. Inge I "the Elder" Stenkilson, King of Sweden (1080-90)+(1099-1112), +after 1112; m. Helena, probably a sister of King Blot-Sven of Sweden”.⁷ Helena (?) was also known as Maer (?)³

; Helena, probably a sister of King Blot-Sven of Sweden.⁴ EDV-27.

     EDV-30.

     Blot Sven (?) King of Sweden was King of Sweden between 1090 and 1099.¹

     Cecily (?) married Jedward (?)¹

     Jedward (?) married Cecily (?), daughter of Blot Sven (?) King of Sweden.¹

     Sverker I Rolsson (?) King of Sweden married Ulvhild/Ulfhild (?), daughter of Hakon/Harold Finnsson (?), say 1134
; her 3rd husband; prob. m. aft 1334 - the year her 2nd husband died.^1,3,2 Sverker I Rolsson (?) King of Sweden married Rixa/Richiza/Swentoslawa (?) of Poland, daughter of Boleslaw III Krzywousty (?) King of Poland and Salome (?) von Berg-Schelklingen, after 1143
; his 2nd wife, her 3rd husband; Genealogy.EU (Sweden 3 page) says m. after 1143; Piast 1 page says m. aft 1143; Louda & Maclagan Table 27 says m. 1139.^1,4,5
Sverker I Rolsson (?) King of Sweden died in 1156; murdered.^1,4
      ; King Sverker I Rolsson of Sweden (1134-56) in East Götaland, +murdered 1156; 1m: Ulvhild, dau.of Hakon Finsson; 2m: after 1143 Ryksa of Poland; he left issue.² He was King of Sweden between 1134 and 1150.¹

      ; Leo van de Pas cites: Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag Marburg., Detlev Schwennicke, Editor, Reference: VII 88.¹ Alard de Mortagne was also known as Alard de Tournai.¹ He was living in 1078.¹

     Unknown Sverkersdotter (?) married Knut III Magnusson (?) King of Denmark, son of Magnus "the Strong" Nielson (?) King of Sweden and Rixa/Richiza/Swentoslawa (?) of Poland, in 1156.^1,4

      ; [1m.] a daughter, m.1156 [53376] Knut III Magnusson, co-king of Denmark (+1157.)²

     Karl Sverkerson (?) King of Sweden married Kirsten Stigsdatter (?) of Sjaelland, daughter of Stig Tokesen 'Hvitaleder' (?) of Sjaelland and Margret Knudsdatter (?) of Hedeby, in 1163.^2,1

Karl Sverkerson (?) King of Sweden died in 1167; murdered.^2,1
      ; [1m.] Karl Sverkerson, King of Sweden (1161-67) in East Götaland, +murdered 1167; m.1163 Christine, dau.of Stig Hvitaledhr.¹ Karl Sverkerson (?) King of Sweden was also known as Charles II (?) King of Sweden.² He was King of Sweden between 1156 and 1167.^2,1

     Kirsten Stigsdatter (?) of Sjaelland married Karl Sverkerson (?) King of Sweden, son of Sverker I Rolsson (?) King of Sweden and Ulvhild/Ulfhild (?), in 1163.^1,2

     Stig Tokesen 'Hvitaleder' (?) of Sjaelland married Margret Knudsdatter (?) of Hedeby.³

Stig Tokesen 'Hvitaleder' (?) of Sjaelland died in 1251; killed inbattle.³

     Stenkil Ragnvaldson (?) King of Sweden married "Ingamoder" Emundsdottir (?) of Sweden, daughter of Emund Slemme 'the Old' (?) King of Sweden and Unknown (?).^1,3,2,7,4
Stenkil Ragnvaldson (?) King of Sweden was born circa 1020.⁷
Stenkil Ragnvaldson (?) King of Sweden died on 14 October 1066 at Battle of Hastings, Hastings, co. Sussex, England.^1,3,7,8
      ; Per Wikipedia:
     "Stenkil (Old Norse: Steinkell) was a King of Sweden who ruled c. 1060 until 1066.[1][2][3] He succeeded Emund the Old and became the first king from the House of Stenkil.[4] He is praised as a devout Christian, however with an accommodating stance towards the old Pagan religion. His brief reign saw an armed conflict with Norway.[5]
Family background
     "The Hervarar saga (13th century) describes Stenkil as the son of Ragnvald the Old and Astrid Njalsdotter, the daughter of Njal Finnsson from Hålogaland in Norway and a cognatic descendant of Harald Fairhair. Later historians have identified the father of Stenkil Ragnvald Ulfsson who was the earl of Staraja Ladoga and the grandson of the legendary Viking Skoglar Toste. But this presumed family-connection is not supported by any other sources and must therefore be regarded as very uncertain.[6] The Icelandic sagas mention a wife and two sons to Ragnvald Ulfsson but none are identical with Stenkil and his mother Astrid. The contemporary chronicler Adam of Bremen says Stenkil was the nephew (nepos) or stepson (privignus) of the former King Emund the Old,[7] while the Hervarar saga asserts that he was related to the previous dynasty by marriage to Emund's daughter.[2]
     "Stenkil was probably from Västergötland rather than Uppland or the Mälaren area.[1] The short chronicle appended the Westrogothic law (c. 1240) clearly states that he spent time in Levene in Västergötland where he was long remembered as the king who "loved West Geats before all his other subjects",[8] and he was lauded as a great archer whose hit marks were long shown with admiration.[1][2] The tradition that Stenkil was beloved by the Geats appears to be supported by Snorri Sturluson's Heimskringla. In a speech by Thorvid, the lawspeaker (lagman) of Västergötland before a battle with Harald Hardrada (see below), the lawspeaker expresses the Geats' (Gautland people) loyalty to Stenkil:
     "The statement of the Hervarar saga that Stenkil was originally Jarl in Svíþjóð (in the first hand, the provinces around Lake Mälaren) nevertheless calls for some caution. Historian Peter Sawyer argues that the traditions associating Stenkil with Västergötland may not be reliable, but rather express a later need to advocate Västergötland as the hub of the Swedish kingdom. His active advocacy for a bishopric in Sigtuna may speak for a strong association with the Mälaren Valley.[10]
Support for the Bremen mission
     "Stenkil appears in history around 1056, during the reign of Emund the Old. At that time he provided support and protection for a delegation from the Archdiocese of Bremen which had been turned away by King Emund and his bishop Osmundus. Later on a reconciliation between the king and Bremen took place, and Sweden received Adalvard the Elder as its new bishop. Emund died shortly after, in about 1060. As his son and heir Anund was already dead, Stenkil succeeded to the throne without any known commotion. Adam characterises Stenkil as God-fearing and pious. A much less flattering image of the new king is provided by the Icelandic manuscript Morkinskinna (c. 1220), which says: "King Stenkil was a portly man and heavy on his feet. He was much given to drinking parties and not much involved in the business at hand ... he himself liked to be left in peace."[11]
     "The king duly supported the Christianization of Sweden[2] and cooperated with bishops from the Archbishopric of Hamburg-Bremen.[3] With the help of Stenkil's emissaries, Adalvard the Younger created the Sigtuna bishopric, one day's journey from the old cult center of Uppsala. According to a historically much-debated passage in Adam's chronicle, Uppsala was the site of a renowned pagan temple where sacrifices of humans and animals were performed every ninth year.[12] After having formally converted the population around Sigtuna, Adalvard the Younger suggested Bishop Egino in Scania that they should proceed to raze or burn down the temple. This, they hoped, would have the effect of pushing the population into conversion. However, Stenkil apprehended that the people in the area resented the aim of the bishops, and managed to talk them out of the project. As he argued, the bishops would be executed and he himself deposed since he had allowed miscreants into the land. Moreover, those already Christian would surely revert to paganism.[3] The fears were probably justified. According to the Hervarar saga, Stenkil's son Inge the Elder was deposed and exiled for wanting to cancel the pagan sacrifices at the temple.[13][14] As it was, Adalvard and Egino reluctantly had to follow Stenkil's advice. Instead, they traversed the lands of the Geats which were apparently less resistant to the new faith, and broke any pagan idols they found, making thousands of converts in the process.[15]
The war with Harald Hardrada
     "The later Norse sagas relate that a brief but serious conflict flared up with the Norwegian king Harald Hardrada in 1064-65. One of Harald's foremost chiefs, Håkon Ivarsson Jarl, was married to the king's grandniece Ragnhild and followed Harald on his military expeditions against the Danish ruler Sweyn Estridsen. According to Snorri Sturluson's Heimskringla the Norwegians were victorious at the Battle of Nissan in 1062, but Håkon Jarl secretly allowed the defeated Sweyn to escape alive. When this was later reported to Harald Hardrada, the enraged king gave orders to kill Håkon, who however managed to escape to Sweden. The escapee stayed with King Stenkil who made him Jarl of Värmland.[16] According to another saga, Morkinskinna, Håkon Jarl left Norway for Denmark where he was created Jarl of Halland. Meanwhile, Harald Hardrada concluded peace with Sweyn Estridsen in 1064 and then started to harry in Stenkil's realm in Götaland. The worried Stenkil arranged a meeting with King Sweyn and asked for his support. Sweyn replied that he could not break the recent peace treaty, but advised Stenkil to appoint the valiant Håkon Jarl as sub-ruler of Västergötland, from where he could confront King Harald. This was arranged, and Håkon assembled men from Denmark as well as from the two Geatic provinces. He spoke to his troops at an assembly, where he self-assuredly said: "Even though I have a lesser title than King Stenkil, it may be that I will be of no less assistance, for he is used to an easy life, while I am accostumed to battles and hard conditions".[17]
     "According to all the saga versions, Harald Hardrada reacted to Håkon Jarl's Swedish position by assembling a fleet and invading Stenkil's kingdom in the cold of the winter. At the entrance of the Göta älv, he took the lighter boats and brought them upriver, to Lake Vänern. The ships then rowed eastwards, to the place where he heard that Håkon's troops had assembled. With Håkon was the law-speaker (lagman) of the Geats, Thorvid. However, the Geats were lightly clothed, "as is always the case with the Geats", while Harald's troops were more numerous and better equipped. The Geatic law-speaker lost his head and took to his heels before the battle had begun. In the fight that followed, Håkon's troops were defeated with losses. Nevertheless, Harald did not push his advantage further, but returned to the lake shore with his men. The end of the expedition was inauspicious. Part of Harald's troops were led into a trap, ambushed and massacred by Håkon's men. As the Norwegians sailed down the Göta älv, some more were killed by Geatic archers.[18] In the following year 1066 Harald Hardrada undertook his ill-fated invasion of England, which left the striking power of the Norwegian kingdom crippled. Håkon Jarl ended his life as a magnate in Denmark. It is not clear how much of the internally differing saga accounts can be regarded trustable, but a preserved scaldic verse by þjóðólfr Arnórsson confirms the outlines:
     "Morkinskinna indicates that the relations between Stenkil and Sweyn Estridsen were amicable. It is likely that the Swedish ruler had an interest in supporting Sweyn against the attempts of Harald Hardrada to subjugate Denmark between 1047 and 1062. Historian Aksel E. Christensen has concluded that the Norwegian-Danish peace treaty of 1064 was a success for the Swedish policy to prevent one king from ruling the kingdoms to the north and the south of Skagerrak.[20] Strangely, the Knytlinga Saga tells that "King Sweyn also had a dispute with the Swedish King Stenkil, who went with his army against King Sweyn, although he did not appropriate any of his territories".[21]
Death and burial
     "Adam of Bremen, Snorri Sturluson and the Hervarar saga all state that Stenkil passed away at the time of the Battle of Hastings in England (1066).[22] His death triggered a violent civil war, perhaps caused by rising tension between Christianity and adherents of the pagan religion.[23] According to a legend Stenkil was buried in the "royal hill" near Levene in Västergötland.[2] His two sons Halsten and Inge the Elder would both become kings of Sweden. In a letter to Halsten and Inge from c. 1081, Pope Gregory VII apparently praised Stenkil, since he expressed hope that they might compete with their "predecessor" in honourable lives and deeds.[24]
Family
     "Stenkil was married to a daughter of Emund the Old, and had at least two children:
     "It has been speculated that one of the two pretenders called Eric (around 1066-67) was his son, although there is nothing to support this assumption.[26] A later king, Håkan the Red (1070s), is associated with Stenkil's abode Levene in Västergötland and might have been a close kinsman.[8]
Notes and references
1. Odelberg, Maj (1995), "Stenkil", Vikingatidens ABC, Swedish Museum of National Antiquities, ISBN 91-7192-984-3, archived from the original on 2007-09-30
2. Tunberg, Sven (1917), "Stenkil", Nordisk familjebok
3. "Stenkil", Nationalencyklopedin
4. Lagerqvist, Lars O. (2001), "Stenkilska ätten", Medeltidens ABC, Swedish Museum of National Antiquities, ISBN 91-518-3926-1, archived from the original on 2007-09-30
5. Hans Gillingstam, "Stenkil", Svenskt biografiskt lexikon
6. Hans Gllingstam, "Stenkil", Svenskt biografiskt lexikon
7. Adam av Bremen (1984), Historien om Hamburgstiftet och dess biskopar. Stockholm: Proprius, p. 140 (Book III, Chapter 15).
8. Den äldre Västgötalagens kungalängd
9. Saga of Harald Hardrade: Part II, at the Medieval & Classical Literature Library.
10. Peter Sawyer (1991), När Sverige blev Sverige. Alingsås: Viktoria, p. 35.
11. Theodore M. Andersson & Kari Ellen Gade (eds) (2000), Morkinskinna. The Earliest Icelandic Chronicle of the Norwegian Kings (1030-1157). Ithaca & London: Cornell, p. 240.
12. Adam av Bremen (1984), p. 224-8 (Book IV, Chapters 26-29). The actual existence of a pagan temple has been doubted by Henrik Janson (1998), Templum nobilissimum; Adam av Bremen, Uppsalatemplet och konfliktlinjerna i Europa kring år 1075. Göteborg: Historiska Institutionen i Göteborg.
13. The Saga of Hervör and Heithrek, in Stories and Ballads of the Far Past, translated from the Norse (Icelandic and Faroese), by N. Kershaw.Cambridge at the University Press, 1921. Archived December 27, 2006, at the Wayback Machine
14. The article Inge in Nordisk familjebok (1910).
15. Adam av Bremen (1984), p. 228-9 (Book IV, Chapter 30).
16. Snorre Sturluson (1993), Nordiska kungasagor. Magnus den gode till Magnus Erlingsson. Stockholm: Fabel, p. 129-30 (Harald Sigurdsson's Saga, Chapter 69).
17. Theodore M. Andersson & Kari Ellen Gade (eds) (2000), p. 239-40.
18. Snorre Sturluson (1993), p. 133-7 (Harald Sigurdsson's Saga, Chapter 72); Theodore M. Andersson & Kari Ellen Gade (eds) (2000), p. 242-3.
19. Snorre Sturluson (1993), p. 135 (Harald Sigurdsson's Saga, Chapter 72).
20. Inge Skovgaard-Petersen et al. (1977), Danmarks historie. Bind 1. Kobenhavn: Gyldendal, p. 225.
21. Knytlinga Saga
22. Adam av Bremen (1984), p. 170 (Book III, Chapter 53); Snorre Sturluson (1993), p. 179 (Magnus the Bare-legged's Saga, Chapter 12).
23. Carl Bernadotte et al. (ed) (1956), Sveriges hundra konungar. Stockholm: Förlaget Biblioteksböcker, p. 111-2.
24. Sven Tunberg (1926), Sveriges historia till våra dagar. Andra delen. Äldre medeltiden. Stockholm: P.A. Norstedt & Söners Förlag, p. 23.
25. Hervarar saga ok Heiðreks, Guðni Jónsson's og Bjarni Vilhjálmsson's edition at «Norrøne Tekster og Kvad».
26. Sture Bolin, "Erik och Erik", Svenskt biografiskt lexikon."⁸

; Per Genalogics:
     "The Hervarvar saga ok Heioreks (a Viking Saga text) nattates that Steinkil inherited the Swedish throne through his wife, who was a daughter of King Edmund 'the Old'. It also describes Stenkil as the son of a Ragnvald and later historians have identified this father as Ragnvald Ulfsson, jarl of Västergötland. His mother Astrid has been identified in some sources as Astrid Njalsdottir, who would go on to marry Emund Slemme 'the Old', Stenkil's predecessor as king of Sweden. However this parentage is viewed as uncertain.
     "Stenkil married Emund Slemme's daughter, whose given name is not known but whom some modern sources have called her Ingamoder ('Mother of Inge'). They had a son Inge Stenkilsson who would have progeny and be king of Sweden. Stenkil's other son Halsten Stenkilsson would also have progeny and be king of Sweden. Some sources give Emund's daughter also as mother of Halsten.
     "Stenkil supported the Christianisation of Sweden and cooperated with bishops from the archbishopric of Hamburg-Bremen. However, when Adalvard 'the Younger', the German missionary bishop from Bremen active in Sigtuna, wanted to destroy the temple at Uppsala. Stenkil prevented Adalvard's plans, as he feared a pagan resurgence. His fears were probably well based; according the Hervarar saga, Stenkil's son Inge was deposed and exiled for wanting to cancel the pagan sacrifices at the temple.
     "Stenkil resided mainly in Västergötland where he was long remembered as the king who 'loved West Geats before all his other subjects', and he was lauded as a great archer whose hit marks were long shown with admiration.
     "The tradition that Stenkil was beloved by the Geats (the people of Gautland) appears to be supported by Snorri Sturluson's _Heimskingla._ In a speech by Thorvid, the lawspeaker (lagman) of Västergötland before a battle with Harald III Sigurdsson Hardråde, king of Norway, the lawspeaker expresses the Geats' loyalty to Stenkil: 'The lagman of the Gautland people, Thorvid, sat upon a horse, and the bridle was fastened to a stake that stood in the mire. He broke out with these words: 'God knows we have many brave and handsome fellows here, and we shall let King Steinkil hear that we stood by the good earl bravely. I am sure of one thing: we shall behave gallantly against these Northmen, if they attack us; but if our young people give way, and should not stand to it, let us not run farther that to that stream; but if they should give way farther, which I am sure they will not do, let it not be father than to that hill.''
     "Stenkil died in 1066. According to a legend he was buried in the 'royal hill' near Levene in Västergötland."⁷

; Per Med Lands:
     "STENKIL Ragnvaldson, son of RAGNVALD Ulfsson Jarl in Västergötland & his second wife Astrid Njalsdotter (-1066). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Adam of Bremen names "nepos an privignus regis…Stinkil" when recording that he repulsed the legates of the Archbishop of Bremen, in the subsequent passage clarifying that he was "nepos eius [=rex Sueonum Emund] Stinkel" when recording that he succeeded on the death of Emund[80]. The reference to "nepos" would be consistent with Stenkil having been King Emund's stepson. He succeeded in 1060 as STENKIL King of Sweden. Adam of Bremen records the death of "in Sueonia rex Stinkel" and that after this "duobus Hericis" fought each other for the kingdom[81], the passage undated but following the record of the Norman conquest of England in 1066. Snorre records that "Steinkel, the Swedish king, died about the same time as the two Haralds fell" and was succeeded by "Hakon"[82].
     "m ---. The identity of King Stenkil's wife is not known. According to Europäische Stammtafeln[83], she was --- Emundsdottir, daughter of EMUND Slemme "den Gamle/the Old" King of Sweden & his first wife ---. The primary source on which this is based has not yet been identified. It is possible that the marriage is uncorroborated in contemporary documentation but was assumed by later genealogists to explain Stenkil's succession as king. It is also possible that it is no more than a guess based on Adam of Bremen recording that "nepos eius [=rex Sueonum Emund] Stinkel" succeeded on the death of Emund[84], as “nepos” could presumably cover son-in-law. The accession could have been justified solely on the basis of Stenkil´s being the king's stepson, although it is not impossible that it was also confirmed by subsequent marriage to his predecessor's daughter, if indeed he had one[85]."
Med Lands cites: He was King of Sweden between 1060 and 1066.^1,3,8

     "Ingamoder" Emundsdottir (?) of Sweden married Stenkil Ragnvaldson (?) King of Sweden, son of Ragnvald Ulfsson (?) Jarl in Västergötland and Astrid Njaldottir (?).^1,6,7,8,9

      ; Per Med Lands:
     "STENKIL Ragnvaldson, son of RAGNVALD Ulfsson Jarl in Västergötland & his second wife Astrid Njalsdotter (-1066). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Adam of Bremen names "nepos an privignus regis…Stinkil" when recording that he repulsed the legates of the Archbishop of Bremen, in the subsequent passage clarifying that he was "nepos eius [=rex Sueonum Emund] Stinkel" when recording that he succeeded on the death of Emund[80]. The reference to "nepos" would be consistent with Stenkil having been King Emund's stepson. He succeeded in 1060 as STENKIL King of Sweden. Adam of Bremen records the death of "in Sueonia rex Stinkel" and that after this "duobus Hericis" fought each other for the kingdom[81], the passage undated but following the record of the Norman conquest of England in 1066. Snorre records that "Steinkel, the Swedish king, died about the same time as the two Haralds fell" and was succeeded by "Hakon"[82].
     "m ---. The identity of King Stenkil's wife is not known. According to Europäische Stammtafeln[83], she was --- Emundsdottir, daughter of EMUND Slemme "den Gamle/the Old" King of Sweden & his first wife ---. The primary source on which this is based has not yet been identified. It is possible that the marriage is uncorroborated in contemporary documentation but was assumed by later genealogists to explain Stenkil's succession as king. It is also possible that it is no more than a guess based on Adam of Bremen recording that "nepos eius [=rex Sueonum Emund] Stinkel" succeeded on the death of Emund[84], as “nepos” could presumably cover son-in-law. The accession could have been justified solely on the basis of Stenkil´s being the king's stepson, although it is not impossible that it was also confirmed by subsequent marriage to his predecessor's daughter, if indeed he had one[85]."
Med Lands cites:

; Per Wikipedia:
     "Ingamoder is a Swedish name invented in modern times for the daughter of King Emund the Old who was married to King Stenkil of Sweden and whose given name is not known. It translates to English as "Mother of Inge" (that is of King Inge the Elder).[1]
Biography
     "The woman was born about 1025 to King Emund. She married Stenkil, who would later inherit her father's title. According to a few more or less reliable sources King Stenkil had four sons,[2] of which the first two can be considered known to history:
Purported identity as Ingemo
     "Ingemo was a local Swedish saint in Västergötland, however, she was not officially sanctioned and recognized by the Church. She is known only from customs at the Ingemo Well in Sweden.[3][4] Ingemo Well (Swedish: Ingemo källa), located between Skövde and Tidaholm, is a natural well where Ingemo was venerated according to legend, and which may originally have been a Pagan era holy site well. The well is walled with stone, its dimensions are 1,2 × 0,6 meter. It is covered with a limestone slab.[5] The well was the goal of pilgrimages, where people offered coins for health into the 19th century.[4] The earliest accounts of the customs at the well date from the late 17th century.[3]
     "Modern genealogical speculation made her the mother of Inge but Ingemo cannot be reliably sourced as the same person as Ingamoder.
References
1. Stenkilsätten (Funderingar över vår 1000-åriga historia)
2. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2016-04-15. Retrieved 2014-03-27.
3. Carl Henrik Martling (2001). En svensk helgonkrönika. ISBN 91-7580-201-5.
4. Wilhelmina Stålberg (1864). "ta Ingemo". Anteckningar om svenska qvinnor (in Swedish).
5. "object Dala 113:1" (in Swedish). Swedish National Heritage Board.
Other sources
** Ohlmarks, Åke Alla Sveriges drottningar (AWE/Geber: 1976) Swedish
** Ohlmarks, Åke Alla Sveriges prinsessor (AWE/Geber: 1979) Swedish."³

Reference: Genealogics cites:

; Per Genalogics: "Hervarar saga ok Heioreks (a Viking Saga text) records that Steinkil inherited the Swedish throne through his wife, who was a daughter of King Edmund 'the Old.²'"

     Emund Slemme 'the Old' (?) King of Sweden married Unknown (?)
;
His 1st wife.^6,2,4 Emund Slemme 'the Old' (?) King of Sweden married Astrid Njaldottir (?), daughter of Njal Finnsson (?),
; Her 2nd husband.^7,4 Emund Slemme 'the Old' (?) King of Sweden was born circa 1000.²
Emund Slemme 'the Old' (?) King of Sweden died in 1060.^3,2,4
     Reference: Genealogics cites: Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag Marburg., Detlev Schwennicke, Editor, Reference: II 114.²

; Per Genealogics:
     "Emund was an illegitimate son of Olof III 'Skötkonung', king of Sweden, by a mistress Edla. The name of Emund's first wife is not recorded. His second wife was Astrid Njalsdottir (d.1060) of Skalgaätten, is recorded as first married to Ragvald Ulfsson, jarl of Westrogothia. She may have been the daughter of Norwegian nobleman Nial Finnsson (d.1011) and Gunhild Halvdansdotter of the Skjalga family in Hålogaland, Norway. Some sources attribute Emund's first wife as the mother of at least some of his children. He had two sons, Anund and Ingvar, who both died without progeny before their father. His daughter, whose given name is not known but whom some modern sources have called Ingamoder ('Mother of Inge'), would marry Stenkil Ragnvaldsson, king of Sweden, and have a son Inge Stenkilsson would also be king of Sweden. Some sources indicate that by her first marriage, Emund's wife Astrid Njalsdottir was the mother of Stenkil Ragnvaldsson, who would marry Emund's daughter.
     "Emund succeeded his half-brother Anund Jakob about 1050. He was reportedly called 'Slemme', meaning 'the bad', because he actively opposed the priests from the archbishopric of Bremen in favour of the English missionary Osmundus. The Westrogothic law states that Emund was a disagreeable man when wanting to pursue a goal, and that he marked the border between Sweden and Denmark. Emund's epithet 'the Old' could signify that he was old when he became king or that he was the older brother to his predecessor Anund Jakob.
     "Emund died about 1060. He was the last king of the House of Munsö. Adam of Bremen relates in his work _Gesta Hammaburgensis Ecclesiae Pontificum_ (Deeds of Bishops of the Hamburg Church) that his son Anund died when leading a Swedish attack against Terra Feminarum that ended in a Swedish defeat. Emund was succeeded by his son-in-law Stenkil Ragnvaldsson."²

; This is the same person as:
”Emund the Old” at Wikipedia and as
”Emund den gamle” at Wikipedia (IT).^8,9

; Per Genealogy.EU (Sweden 1): “E4. [illegitimate by the Wendish Edla] Emund II Slemme "the Old", King of Sweden, +1060”.¹⁰ Emund Slemme 'the Old' (?) King of Sweden was also known as Emund II Slemme "the Old" King of Sweden.³

; Per Med Lands:
     "EMUND (-1060). Snorre names "Emund, Astrid, Holmfrid" as the children of King Olof by his concubine Edla, specifying that Emund was sent to Vindland to be fostered by his mother's relations where "he for a long time neglected his Christianity"[63]. Adam of Bremen names "Emund" as son of "rex Olaph…a concubina"[64]. He succeeded in [1052] as EMUND Slemme "den Gamle/the Old" King of Sweden.
     "m [firstly] ---. The name of Emund's first wife is not known.
     "m secondly as her second husband, ASTRID Njalsdotter, widow of RAGNVALD Ulfsson Jarl of Västergötland, daughter of NJAL --- & his wife ---. The primary source which confirms her parentage and two marriages has not yet been identified. Her supposed second [marriage to Ragnvald may be nothing more than a guess based on Adam of Bremen recording that "nepos eius [=rex Sueonum Emund] Stinkel" succeeded on the death of Emund[65].]
     "King Emund & his [first] wife had [two] children"
Med Lands cites: He was King of Sweden between 1050 and 1060.^1,8,9

     Vasiko Sviatoslavich (?) Prince of Polotsk died in 1143.¹
     EDV-27.

; Per Med Lands:
     "VASILKO Sviatoslavich (-[1143]). Prince of Polotsk 1132.
     "m ---. The name of Vasilko´s wife is not known."¹

     Halsten Stenkilson (?) King of Sweden was King of Sweden between 1067 and 1070.² He was King of Sweden between 1099 and 1112.²

     Inge II "the Younger" Halstenson (?) King of Sweden married Ragnhild (?)
; his 1st wife.² Inge II "the Younger" Halstenson (?) King of Sweden married Ulvhild/Ulfhild (?), daughter of Hakon/Harold Finnsson (?), before 1130
; m. bef 1130, the year her husband died; her 1st husband; his 2nd wife.^3,2
Inge II "the Younger" Halstenson (?) King of Sweden died in 1130.¹
     He was King of Sweden between 1118 and 1130.^1,2

     Knut I Erikson (?) King of Sweden married Cecilia (?) of Sweden.⁴

Knut I Erikson (?) King of Sweden died in 1196.^1,3
      ; Leo van de Pas cites: 1. Nachkommen Gorms des Alten 1978. , S. Otto Brenner, Reference: 201
2. Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag Marburg., Detlev Schwennicke, Editor, Reference: II 115.³ He was King of Sweden between 1167 and 1196.^1,2

     Erik X Knutson (?) King of Sweden married Rikissa/Rixa/Richeza (?) of Denmark, daughter of Valdemar I Knudsen 'den store' "the Great" (?) uke of Slesvig, King of Denmark and Sophia (?) of Polock, in 1210.^1,2,7,3

Erik X Knutson (?) King of Sweden died on 10 April 1216 at Visingso.^1,2,3
      ; Leo van de Pas cites: 1. Nachkommen Gorms des Alten 1978. , S. Otto Brenner, Reference: 312
2. Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag Marburg., Detlev Schwennicke, Editor, Reference: II 115.³ He was King of Sweden between 1208 and 1216.^1,2

     Rikissa/Rixa/Richeza (?) of Denmark married Erik X Knutson (?) King of Sweden, son of Knut I Erikson (?) King of Sweden and Cecilia (?) of Sweden, in 1210.^1,3,2,4

Rikissa/Rixa/Richeza (?) of Denmark died in 1220.^1,2

     Erik XI "Laspe" Erikson (?) King of Sweden was born in 1216.^3,1,2 He married Katarina Sunadotter (?), daughter of Sune Folkesson (?) and Helena Sverkersdotter (?), between 1243 and 1244.^3,1,2,5

Erik XI "Laspe" Erikson (?) King of Sweden died on 2 February 1250 at Fyrisand.^3,1,2
      ; Leo van de Pas cites: Nachkommen Gorms des Alten 1978. , S. Otto Brenner, Reference: 542.² Erik XI "Laspe" Erikson (?) King of Sweden was also known as Eric XI (?) King of Sweden.³ He was King of Sweden between 1222 and 1229.^3,1 He was restored, King of Sweden between 1234 and 1250.^3,1

     Katarina Sunadotter (?) married Erik XI "Laspe" Erikson (?) King of Sweden, son of Erik X Knutson (?) King of Sweden and Rikissa/Rixa/Richeza (?) of Denmark, between 1243 and 1244.^4,1,5,3

Katarina Sunadotter (?) died circa 1252.^4,2,1,3
      ; Leo van de Pas cites: Nachkommen Gorms des Alten 1978. , S. Otto Brenner, Reference: 352/542.³ Katarina Sunadotter (?) was also known as Catherine (?)^4,1,2