Person Page - 238

     William Fitzhugh was born WFT Est. 1621-1667 at England.¹ He married an unknown person WFT Est. 1645-1704.¹

William Fitzhugh died WFT Est. 1660-1711.¹

     Henry Fitzhugh was born WFT Est. 1696-1715.¹ He married Lucy Carter circa 1730.¹

Henry Fitzhugh died on 6 December 1742.¹
      ; A colonel, a friend of Washington.

     William Fitz Hugh married Anna Marie Sarah Goldsborough WFT Est. 1759-1797.¹

William Fitz Hugh died WFT Est. 1790-1833 at Fairfax Co., Virginia, USA.¹ He was born on 24 August 1741.¹

     Anna Marie Sarah Goldsborough was born WFT Est. 1739-1768.¹ She married William Fitz Hugh, son of Henry Fitzhugh and Lucy Carter, WFT Est. 1759-1797.¹

Anna Marie Sarah Goldsborough died WFT Est. 1790-1834.¹

     Mary Lee Fitz Hugh married George Washington Parke Custis, son of John Parke Custis and Eleanor Calvert, WFT Est. 1801-1834.¹

Mary Lee Fitz Hugh died WFT Est. 1812-1882.¹ She was born in 1788.¹

     George Washington Parke Custis married Mary Lee Fitz Hugh, daughter of William Fitz Hugh and Anna Marie Sarah Goldsborough, WFT Est. 1801-1834.²
George Washington Parke Custis was born circa 1781.³
George Washington Parke Custis died on 10 October 1857.³

     John Parke Custis was born circa 1753.¹ He married Eleanor Calvert, daughter of Benedict 'Swingate' Calvert and Elizabeth Calvert, on 3 February 1774 at Mount Airy, Carroll & Frederick Cos., Maryland, USA,
; her 1st husband.²

     Martha Dandridge was born on 21 June 1731 at New Kent Co., Virginia, USA.⁴ She married Col. Daniel Parke Custis, son of John Custis and Frances Parke, before 1759.^5,1,2
Martha Dandridge married President George Washington, son of Capt. Augustine Washington and Mary Ball, on 6 January 1759 at New Kent Co., Virginia, USA.^4,1,2

Martha Dandridge died on 22 May 1802 at Mt. Vernon, Fairfax Co., Virginia, USA, at age 70.^4,1

     Col. Daniel Parke Custis was born WFT Est. 1704-1739.¹ He was born WFT Est. 1715-1747.²
Col. Daniel Parke Custis died WFT Est. 1742-1805.²
Col. Daniel Parke Custis died before 1759.¹ He married Martha Dandridge, daughter of Col. John Dandridge and Frances Jones, before 1759.^1,3,4

     William Henry Fitz Hugh was born WFT Est. 1762-1791.¹
William Henry Fitz Hugh died WFT Est. 1763-1852.¹

     Sarah Fitzhugh was born WFT Est. 1701-1716.¹
Sarah Fitzhugh died WFT Est. 1716-1795.¹

     Lettice Fitzhugh was born on 15 July 1707 at Virginia, USA.¹
Lettice Fitzhugh died on 10 February 1732 at age 24.¹

     Betsy Fitz Hugh died WFT Est. 1753-1825.¹ She was born on 20 April 1731.¹

     Henry Fitzhugh was born WFT Est. 1649-1706.¹
Henry Fitzhugh died WFT Est. 1650-1739.¹

     Lucy Carter was born WFT Est. 1690-1718.¹
Lucy Carter died WFT Est. 1743-1785.¹ She married Henry Fitzhugh, son of William Fitzhugh and Ann Lee, circa 1730.¹

     (?) Fitz Hugh died WFT Est. 1747-1827.¹ She was born circa 1733 at Virginia, USA.¹

     Anne Fitz Hugh was born WFT Est. 1762-1791.¹
Anne Fitz Hugh died WFT Est. 1763-1856.¹

     Cinead (Kenneth) I mac Alpin King of the Picts and Scots was born in 810 at Scotland.⁵ He married an unknown person in 830 at Isle of Iona, Argyll and Bute, Scotland.⁵

Cinead (Kenneth) I mac Alpin King of the Picts and Scots died in February 858 at Scotland.^6,1,7
     GAV-32 EDV-32 GKJ-33. Cinead (Kenneth) I mac Alpin King of the Picts and Scots was also known as Kenneth I mac Alpin King of the Picts.⁸ He was King of the Picts and Scots, [Ashley, pp. 383-384] KENNETH MACALPIN Scots, 840-58; and Picts, 847-58. Kenneth's origins are obscure, and his fame rests more on the subsequent development of his dynasty than any significant actions during his own reign. Although he must have come from some branch of the ruling Cenél Gabhrán faction, his exact antecedents have never been satisfactorily identified, though a twelfth-century genealogy makes him the great-grandson of AED FIND, through his son EOCHAID. This is, of course, possible, but it is surprising that someone who shot to power so quickly had not otherwise already featured in the activities prevalent during the previous decade where a high ranking and ambitious prince is bound to have made his mark. The story that he succeeded his father as a sub-king of Galloway is again possible, but unlikely. What seems more likely is that Kenneth was a prince of the Cenél Gabhrán but was not necessarily resident in Dál Riata for all of his early life. He may have lived part of the time in Ireland, or elsewhere amongst the Western Highlands. It has been suggested that his father married not only a Pictish princess (Kenneth's mother) but a Norse princess, and that Kenneth thus already had strong connections with the Vikings. The Irish annals record that in 836, Gothfrith macFergus, a Gaelo-Norse half-breed, who had established himself as king of Oriel in northern Ireland and who apparently also had dominion over some of the Hebrides, visited Kenneth in Argyll in order to discuss the Viking attacks on western Scotland. Could Kenneth have negotiated some form of treaty with the Vikings which worked to their mutual benefit? In 839 the Vikings advanced through Dál Riatan territory into the heart of the land of the Picts and, in the ensuing battle at Forteviot, killed many of the Scots' and Picts' nobility. In the chaos that followed Kenneth claimed the kingship of Dál Riata. Kenneth held power by his own strength and cunning. There must have been others who believed they had a greater right to the throne or who, for whatever reasons, distrusted Kenneth, and his first few years must have been bloodthirsty, as he rid himself of his enemies and secured his right to the throne. None of this is recorded, because Kenneth subsequently became such a revered ruler that his past and origins were whitewashed to an extent, but some of his character comes through in the tale about how he deceived the Picts. Apparently he invited the Pictish nobility, then ruled by DRUST MAC FERAT, to a feast. Kenneth had already dug pits around the benches and weakened the bolts holding the benches together, so that once the Picts had become drunk it was easy to release the bolts, cast the Picts into the hidden trenches and slaughter them. Whatever the real events, tradition records that Kenneth conquered the Picts by deceit and slaughter. By 847 he had united the old kingdoms, establishing them as a single entity. To do this he must have considerably subdued any remaining Pictish nobility for never again did they lay claim to their throne. Kenneth called his combined kingdom Alba, or Albany, and by the time of his grandson DONALD II, thirty years later, it was already being called Scotland. Kenneth not only established his capital at Forteviot, the previous capital of the Picts, but he also established Dunkeld as the spiritual capital of Alba by removing there some of the relics of St Columba from Iona.
Kenneth's reign was violent but successful. Having taken over control of the Picts he still warred against the Angles to the south and the British of Strathclyde, and he retained an uneasy peace with the Vikings. He relied heavily on his own strength of character, though he also cemented his authority with neighbours and allies by inter-dynastic marriages through his daughters. One married OLAF, the King of Dublin; another married Aed Findliath, who became High King of Ireland in 862, whilst a third married RHUN, prince of Strathclyde. Kenneth's violent life evidently took its toll for he died of an illness, in February 858. His age is uncertain but he was probably in his late forties. He was succeeded by his brother DONALD. between 843 and 858.^6,7

     Alpín mac Echdach (?) King of Dál Riata was born circa 780 at Scotland.^3,2 He married unknown (?) in 808 at Scotland.³

Alpín mac Echdach (?) King of Dál Riata died between July 834 and August 834 at Galloway, Scotland; Boyer [2001:225] says d. ca 937; Genealogics says d. Aug 1834; Med Launds says d. 20 Jul/Aug 834.^4,2,5
      ; Per Genealogics: "Whether Celtic or Norse in origin, the pagan kings of Scotland were considered to be sacred beings. At his inauguration each king had to go through various religious rituals, as a result of which he and his people felt that the Lucky Spirit of the community entered and dwelt in the king's body, hence the belief that the royal families descended from the gods. Since this Lucky Spirit's human manifestation could not be allowed to decay, such kings were periodically sacrificed or slain by their rightful successors. Alpin, son of Eochaid IV 'the Poisonous', king of Dalriada, became king of Kintyre in March 834, only to be killed in battle with the Picts in Galloway in August the same year."²

Reference: Ashley [1998].⁶

Reference: Genealogics cites:

; This is the same person as Alpín mac Echdach at Wikipedia, and as Álpin II de Dalriada at Wikipédia (Fr.)^1,7

; Per Med Lands:
     "[ALPIN (-killed in battle against the Picts in Galloway [20 Jul/Aug] 834). The Chronicle of John of Fordun records the accession of "Alpin the son of Achay" in 831, his reign of three years, and his defeat by the Picts "20 July" after which he was beheaded[14]. The 12th century Cronica Regum Scottorum lists "Alpin filius Eochal venenosi iii, Kynedus filius Alpini primus rex Scottorum xvi…" as kings, dated to the 9th century[15]. It should be noted that Alpin’s parentage is not stated in the earlier chronicles.]
     "m ---. The name of Alpin's wife is not known."
Med Lands cites: Alpín mac Echdach (?) King of Dál Riata was also known as Alpin (?) King of Kintyre.^4,2 GAV-33 EDV-33 GKJ-34. He was Ruler of Galloway, [Ashley, p. 207] ALPIN ruled Galloway, 834. The existence of Alpin as a king is questionable. His name is known because of his son KENNETH MACALPIN, and he is usually presumed to be a sub-king of Galloway. The genealogy that makes him a son of Eochaid and grandson of AED FIND may have been a later invention to grant Kenneth a pedigree. If he existed at all, he is supposed to have been killed while fighting the Picts. Galloway at this time was still part of the kingdom of Strathclyde, though this had been subsumed within Northumbria for several generations. circa 834.⁶

     Unknown (?) was born in 782 at Scotland.¹ She married Alpín mac Echdach (?) King of Dál Riata, son of Eochaid IV "The Poisonous" (?) King of Dál Riata and Fergusa Ungust, in 808 at Scotland.¹

     GAV-33 EDV-33 GKJ-34.

     Eochaid IV "The Poisonous" (?) King of Dál Riata was born in 747 at Scotland.³ He married Fergusa Ungust, daughter of Fergus mac Eochaid, in 776 at Scotland.³

Eochaid IV "The Poisonous" (?) King of Dál Riata died after 781.¹
     GAV-34 EDV-34 GKJ-35. He was Ruler of Kintyre, [Ashley, p. 206] EOCHAID (IV) THE POISONOUS, ruled Kintyre?, 781-?. The existence of this king is dubious. He is named amongst the forebears of KENNETH MACALPIN, and was purportedly the son of AED FIND and the father of ALPIN through his marriage to Fergusa the daughter of FERGUS MAC EOCHAID. The start of his reign is assigned to 781, the same year that the mysterious DOMNALL came to power and it is entirely possibly that two rival factions emerged in Dál Riata, and that Eochaid ruled part of the kingdom, possibly only Kintyre. If he did rule as early as 781, he would have been very young, but he could have survived against his rivals for several years. He earned the nickname Eochaid the Poisonous, which apparently related more to his vicious tongue than his murderous abilities. However it is virtually impossible that he would have survived until as late as 834 to pass the kingdom on to his son ALPIN, and we must regard Eochaid's rule as plausible but suspect. By the same token, Eochaid equates to the legendary Achaius who is attributed with having established an accord with Charlemagne of the Franks (and thus the origins of the "Auld Alliance") and also with founding the original Noble Order of the Thistle. If either of these have a basis in fact then Eochaid must have had a stature greater than the record of his existence suggests. after 781.²

     Fergusa Ungust was born in 755 at Scotland.¹ She married Eochaid IV "The Poisonous" (?) King of Dál Riata, son of Aed Find "The Fair" (?) King of Dál Riata, in 776 at Scotland.¹

Fergusa Ungust died between 782 and 849; date is WFT estimate.¹
     GAV-34 EDV-34 GKJ-35.

     Aed Find "The Fair" (?) King of Dál Riata died in 778 at Scotland.^3,1
     GAV-35 EDV-35 GKJ-36. He was King of Dál Riata: AED FIND (the FAIR) ruled Dál Riata, 750-78. The name Aed is of ancient Celtic origin. It is derived from Aodh, the Celtic sun god, and means "fire". Aed Find was the son of EOCHAID (III) and was probably a child when his father died in 733, and when ANGUS, king of the Picts, defeated the ruling families of Dál Riata and claimed overlordship in 736. In the subsequent fourteen years there were several skirmishes between the Scots and the Picts, in one of which it is suggested that the sons of FIANNAMAIL were killed. By 750, however, we may presume that Aed was in his twenties. In that year Angus was defeated by TEUDEBUR of Strathclyde. Aed seized the opportunity and re-established himself in Dál Riata. His claim seems to have gone unchallenged, as Angus had enough problems to contend with. Eventually, in 768, Aed led an army against Angus's successor, CINIOD. Although the battle at Fortriu was inconclusive it resulted in acceptance by Ciniod of Aed's authority in Dál Riata. He established a period of stability amongst the Scots that had been unknown since the reigns of AEDAN and EOCHAID BUIDE over a hundred and fifty years before. This enabled Aed to govern his kingdom and establish a set of laws which were incorporated as the laws of Alba by DONALD (I) a hundred years later. In addition to his nickname "the Fair", Aed was known as Aed Airechtech, "of the assemblies". between 750 and 778.²

     Eochaid III mac Eochaid King of Dál Riata died.³
     GAV-36 EDV-36 GKJ-37. He was King of Dál Riata, [Ashley, pp. 203-204] EOCHAID (III) Dál Riata, 726-33. Eochaid was the son of EOCHAID (II), who was murdered in 697. At that time the younger Eochaid was probably still an infant but by 726, after the retirement of SELBACH and the succession of DUNGAL, Eochaid must have been nearly thirty. He successfully deposed DUNGAL and restored the kingship of Dál Riata to the original Cenél Gabhrán ruling family. Selbach sought to recover the kingship in the following year, but was defeated. Eochaid's hold was, however, tenuous. During this same period there was another inter-dynastic civil war for the throne of the Picts in which DUNGAL became involved. This brought the wrath of ANGUS (I) against the Cenél Loarn which was further aggravated when, in 728, ALPIN, another of the Pictish claimants, sought refuge amongst the Dál Riata. It has been conjectured that Alpin may have been a brother or half-brother of Eochaid. Whether or not Alpin subsequently shared the kingdom with Eochaid is not clear, but certainly upon Eochaid's death in 733 (and since he was only in his late thirties his death may be suspicious) he claimed the throne. It would be nearly twenty years before Eochaid's son AED FIND reclaimed the throne of Dál Riata and succeeded in restoring the kingship to something of its old glory. between 721 and 733.⁴

     Eochaid II Fota (the Long) (?) King of Dál Riata married unknown (?), daughter of Entfidich (?) and unknown (?).²

Eochaid II Fota (the Long) (?) King of Dál Riata died circa 697.^3,4
     GAV-37 EDV-37 GKJ-38. He was King of Dál Riata: FERCHAR (II) FOTA (THE LONG) Dál Riata, 695-7. He was the ri or head of the tribe of Loarn, eighth in descent from Loarn the brother of FERGUS MOR, who first settled the territory of the Dál Riata in Scotland two centuries earlier. Until the year 695 the kingship of the Dál Riata had passed traditionally down through the sons of Fergus, but by 695 a challenge to the throne came from Ferchar. Exactly what happened is not clear, but we can surmise that Ferchar, possibly frustrated by the continuing weakness of the Dál Riatan kings and the continued domination by the Picts, challenged the king DOMNALL DONN, leading to Domnall's death in 695. Ferchar then had a two year battle with the natural successor, EOCHAID, son of DOMANGART (II), before Ferchar's death in 697. between 695 and 697.⁴

     Domongart (?) King of Dál Riata died in 673.²
     GAV-38 EDV-38 GKJ-39. He was King of Dál Riata: DOMANGART (II) Dál Riata, 660-73. The son of DOMNALL BRECC, Domangart became sole ruler of the Scots in 660 after the kingdom had been divided since the disastrous defeat of his father at Mag Rath in 637. His reign was marked by a consolidation of the kingdom, giving it something of its former strength, but although Domangart made advances against the Picts amongst the Western Isles and Highlands, particularly around Skye, it is not recorded that he made any significant territorial gains to the east. It may be significant that the Irish missionary Maelrubai succeeded in establishing his own monastery at Applecross, in Pictish territory, in 673, perhaps under Domangart's sovereignty. For a period, then, Domangart may be seen as having stemmed the tide of disaster that followed his father's reign. He was succeeded by his cousin, MAELDUIN. between 660 and 673.²

     Domnall Brecc "the Speckled" (or "Pock-Marked) (?) King of Dál Riata died circa 642 at Strathcarron; killed at the battle of Strathcarron probably about 642.^3,1
     GAV-39 EDV-39 GKJ-40. He was King of Dál Riata: DOMNALL BRECC (THE SPECKLED or POCK-MARKED) Dál Riata, 629-42. His reign saw the Scots of Dál Riata lose much of what they had gained during the reign of Aedán mac Gabhrán. The early part of his life saw him heavily involved fighting in Ireland alongside the Irish high king, also called Domnall, but by the year 629 the complicated hostilities in Ulster had caused a change in allegiance. Over the next eight years there was open conflict between the Scottish Dál Riata and the kings of the O'Neill, with Domnall siding with the Ulster king of the Dál nAraide. This proved a disastrous alliance and resulted in total defeat for Domnall at the battle of Mag Rath in County Down in 637. This was taken as the fulfillment of a prophecy uttered by St Columba, forty years earlier, that the Dál Riatan Scots would retain power and authority provided they remained in alliance with the kings of the O'Neill. After Mag Rath Domnall Brecc not only lost his authority in Ireland, but seems to have lost much of his authority in Scotland. From 637 he was forced to reign jointly with his nephew FERCHAR, the son of CONNAD CERR. It is not clear whether Ferchar retained any authority over the Dál Riata of Ireland or whether, as is more likely, he became recognized as overlord of the Dál Riata in Scotland, with Domnall relegated to the ruler of only part of Dál Riata in Kintyre and Argyll. No doubt over the next five years Domnall sought to re-enforce his authority, but he met with failure after failure. In 635 and 638 he was defeated in battles against the Picts, and in 642 he was killed in battle at Strathcarron, near Falkirk, by OWEN MAP BILI of the Strathclyde Britons. It would be another one hundred and fifty years before the Scots re-established themselves as a significant force in Northern Britain. between 629 and 642.²

     Eochu (Eochaid) Buide (?) King of Dál Riata, King of the Picts died circa 630.^3,1
     GAV-40 EDV-40 GKJ-41. He was King of Dál Riata: EOCHAID BUIDE (THE YELLOW-HAIRED) Dál Riata, 608-29. According to Admonán's Life of Columba, Columba identified Eochaid as the successor to AEDAN MAC GABHRAN, even though he was one of Aedán's younger sons, recognizing that the elder sons would be killed in battle. This prophecy happened before the battle against the Maetæ in around 590, at which time Eochaid was still young enough to sit on Columba's lap, which suggests he was probably born around the year 583 or 584. Although he ruled for twenty years nothing specific is stated in the surviving records about his reign, but we can infer certain actions by later events. Firstly, at his death, Eochaid is styled "king of the Picts". Although he is not incorporated in the Pictish king-lists, this does not preclude Eochaid conquering certain Pictish territory, probably to the north of Dál Riata in the western highlands, and possibly also re-establishing an overlordship in the territory of his father's conquests around Aberfoyle. It was during Eochaid's reign, in 617, that ATHELFRITH of Northumbria died, and his children sought refuge from EDWIN in the lands of the Picts and the Scots. It seems likely that OSWALD and OSWY found refuge on Iona. They grew to manhood under Eochaid's protection and they also became involved in Eochaid's campaigns in Ireland. There was continued trouble between Eochaid and the rulers of Ulster, where the Irish territory of Dál Riata was. This came to a head after the death of Eochaid, but it is almost certain that Eochaid was involved in battles and skirmishes with the rulers of Ulster over his homeland territory. There is a possibility that his son and successor, CONNAD CERR, was appointed a sub-king over the Irish territory, perhaps around the year 627. The problems were not resolved in Eochaid's day, and we can regard him as a king who managed to hold the Dál Riatan kingdom together during a period of considerable conflict. between 608 and 629.²

     Fergus mac Eochaid was born between 704 and 733 at Scotland; date is WFT estimate.²
Fergus mac Eochaid died between 756 and 796; date is WFT estimate.²
     GAV-35 EDV-35 GKJ-36.

     Suthen (?) of Northumbria was born in 1009 at England.³ She married Duncan I "the Gracious" (Donnchad mac Crínáin) (?) King of Scotland, son of Crinán "the Thane" (?) mórmaer of Atholl, Abbot of Dunkeld and Bethóc (Beatrix) (?) of Scotland, circa 1030.^4,5,6,7,8,2

Suthen (?) of Northumbria died in 1040 at Scotland.³
      ; Per Med Lands:
     "DUNCAN [Donnchad], son of CRINAN "the Thane" Mormaer of Atholl & his wife Bethoc of the Scots ([1001]-killed in battle either Bothganowan/Pitgaveny, near Elgin, or Burghead 14 Aug 1040, bur Isle of Iona). His parentage is confirmed by the Annals of Ulster which record the death of "Donnchad son of Crínán, king of Scotland" in 1040[267]. He is not named as king in the 12th century Cronica Regum Scottorum king-list[268]. The Chronicle of John of Fordun names "Duncan" as son of "Crynyne Abthane of Dul and Steward of the Isles" and his wife[269]. He succeeded in 1018 as King of Strathclyde. He succeeded his maternal grandfather in 1034 as DUNCAN I King of Scotland. Orkneyinga Saga records that “Karl Hundason” succeeded King Malcolm in Scotland and records his battles with Thorfinn Jarl of Orkney[270]. No other record has been identified of this alleged person. The Annales Dunelmenses record that "Dumechanus rex Scotorum" besieged Durham in 1039 with a large army but retreated from the siege[271]. He was killed in battle by his first cousin, Macbeth, who succeeded as King of Scotland. The Chronicon of Marianus Scottus records that "Donnchal rex Scotiæ" was killed "1040 XIX Kal Sep" by "duce suo Macbethad mac Finnloech" who succeeded as king for 17 years[272]. The Annals of Ulster record that "Donnchad son of Crínán, king of Scotland, was killed by his own people" in 1040[273]. The Annals of Tigernach record that “Donncadh mac Crínan, airdrí Alban” was killed “immaturo etate a suis” in 1040[274]. The Chronicle of John of Fordun records that Duncan was killed by "Machabeus son of Finele…at Bothgofnane" and buried in the island of Iona[275]. The Chronicle of the Scots and Picts dated 1177 records that "Donchath mac Cran Abbatis de Dunkelden et Bethok filia Malcolm mac Kynnet" reigned for 6 years, was killed "a Maketh mac Fyngel in Bothngouane" and was buried "in Yona insula"[276].
     "m ([1030]) [SIBYLLA], [cousin of SIWARD Earl of Northumbria, daughter of ---]. The Chronicle of John of Fordun records that the mother of Malcolm and Donald Bane, Duncan’s sons, was "the cousin of Earl Siward"[277]. This information is not included in any earlier source and should be considered dubious. In one earlier king list, King Malcolm III's mother is named "Suthen"[278]. No reference has been found in primary sources to her being named Sibylla, the name found in many secondary sources. "
Med Lands cites:

; Per Genealogy.EU (Dunkeld): “A1. Duncan I "the Gracious" (Donnchadh I), King of Strathclyde (1018-34), King of Scotland (1034-40), *ca 1001, +k.a.Bothganowan (now Pitgaveny), nr Elgin 14.8.1040, bur Isle of Iona; m.ca 1030 Sibylla (+after 1040), dau.of Bjorn Bearsson of Northumbria”.⁹

; per Henry Project: "Suthen's name is known only from one of the Scottish king lists ("Regnal List I"), which gives the name of the mother of Malcolm III in an interlined addition [KKES 284]. ESSH 1: 596 cites the late fourteenth century Scottish historian John of Fordun [iv, 44] as stating that Duncan had married a kinswoman of Siward of Northumbria. Given Siward's support of Malcolm, that is plausible enough, but there does not appear to be any justification for attempts to define a more specific relationship between Suthen and Siward."
Henry Project Bibliography
ESSH = Alan Orr Anderson, Early Sources of Scottish History, 2 vols. (Edinburgh, 1922, reprinted Stamford, 1990). [Contains English translations of many of the primary records]
KKES = Marjorie Ogilvy Anderson, Kings and Kingship in Early Scotland (Edinburgh, Totowa, NJ, 1973)."¹

; NB: Med Lands shows Sibylla as the dau. of an unnamed child (son or dau.) of Bjorn Bearsson and thus a niece of Siward 'the Dane' Bjornsson. The Henry Projects says:
Possible relatives:
     "Edward, fl. 1130, consobrinus David regis, son of Siward. Evidently relying on a common source, Orderic Vitalis and Robert de Torigny write about Edward, leader of the knighthood of Scotland (called son of a Siward by Orderic), who is called a cousin (consobrinus) of king David of Scotland ["Porro Eduardus, Siwardi filius, qui sub Eduardo rege tribunus Merciorum fuit, princeps militiæ, et consobrinus David regis..." OV viii, 22 (vol. 3, p. 404); "Odwardus, consobrinus eius [David] et princeps militis" Chron. Robert de Torigny, s.a. 1130, MGH SS 6: 490]. When Angus, earl of Moray, and Malcolm, illegitimate son of king Alexander I, invaded Scotland in 1130, Edward, as the leader of the knighthood, gathered an army and opposed the enemy. Angus was killed, and Moray was captured for the king [OV viii, 22 (vol. 3, p. 404); Chron. Robert de Torigny, s.a. 1130, MGH SS 6: 489-490].
     "Siward, fl. 1042×66, tribunus Merciorum. For chronological reasons, "qui sub Eduardo rege tribunus Merciorum fuit" would evidently refer to Siward, the father of Edward. The interval of time between the reign of Edward the Confessor (1042-1066) and 1130 is great enough that Anderson conjectured that Edward may have instead been a grandson of Siward [ESSH 1: 596]. As noted in the following paragraphs, the identification of Siward, tribunus Merciorum, is uncertain.
     "There are different ways to interpret the evidence regarding Edward and his father Siward, and only one of these would make them relatives of Suthen. Freeman identified Siward, tribunus Merciorum, with Siward Barn and with a Siward son of Æthelgar who is twice mentioned by Orderic Vitalis as being a relative of king Edward the Confessor ["Siwardus et Aldredus, filii Ædelgari, pronepotes regis" OV iv, 1 (vol. 2, p. 166); "Siwardo Edelgari filio, regis Eduardi consanguineo" OV v, 14 (vol. 2, p. 416); Freeman (1870-9), 4: 21; see Searle (1899), 446]. If this identification is correct, then Edward son of Siward would have been related to Edward the Confessor, and his relation to David would then be through David's mother Margaret, a grandniece of Edward the Confessor. In this case, Edward son of Siward would not be related to Suthen.
     "Another possibility was mentioned by Anderson. After mentioning the identification of Siward, tribunus Merciorum, and Siward son of Æthelgar as a possibility, he stated that Siward, tribunus Merciorum, may "more probably" have been the Siward, sister's son of earl Siward of Northumbria, who was killed in 1054 [ASC(D) s.a. 1054; ESSH 1: 596-7]. If true, this falls in line with the statement of John of Fordun that the mother of Malcom III was a relative of earl Siward.
     "Which (if either) of these options is true is unclear. It illustrates the problems inherent in trying to deduce exact relationships based on statements that individuals were related.
Possible relative: Siward, d. 1055, earl of Northumbria. John of Fordun's often unreliable history of Scotland (late fourteenth century) states that the mother of Duncan's sons Malcolm and Donald was a "consanguinia" [sic] of earl Siward ["Genuit autem Duncanus, avi sui diebus, ex consanguinia Sywardi comitis, duos filios, Malcolmum Canmor, latine vero Grossum Caput, et Donaldum Bane, cui Malcolmo Cumbriæ regionem pater statim ut coronatus est donavit." Fordun, iv, 44 (p. 187)]. There is no earlier authority for the statement, although it could be based on a misidentification of Edward's father Siward. There does not appear to be any justification for attempts to define a more specific relationship between Suthen and Siward.
     "Conjectured father (very doubtful): Owain "the Bald" (Eugenius Calvus), d. 1015×8?, king of Strathclyde. According to Simeon of Durham, Owain, the last known native king of Strathclyde, was present with Malcolm II at the Battle of Carham, in 1018 ["Ingens bellum apud Carrum gestum est inter Scottos et Anglos, inter Huctredum filium Waldef comitem Northymbrorum, et Malcolmum filium Cyneth regem Scottorum. Cum quo fuit in bello Eugenius Calvus rex Clutinensium.." Sim. Durh., Historia Regum, c. 130, s.a. 1018 (2: 155-6)]. Despite the obvious chronological problem, he is often identified with the Owain whose death is reported by one manuscript of Annales Cambriae in an annal one year before Cnut's assumption of the kingship in England, therefore evidently 1015 ["Owinus filius Dunawal occisus est." AC (Ms. B), 22]. Alan Macquarrie conjectured that Owain was the father of a daughter who married king Duncan I of Scotland and became the mother of Malcolm III [Macquarrie (1993), 6 (gen. table, marked by a "?"), 17]. The only "evidence" for this is the very uncertain claim that Duncan ruled the Cumbrians at some point [see the page of Duncan I]. This apparent desire to maintain genealogical continuity does not give sufficient reason to support this suggestion."
The Henry Project cites:
** AC = John Williams ab Ithel, ed., Annales Cambriæ (Rolls Series 20, London, 1860).
** ESSH = Alan Orr Anderson, Early Sources of Scottish History, 2 vols. (Edinburgh, 1922, reprinted Stamford, 1990). [Contains English translations of many of the primary records]
** Fordun = William F. Skene, ed., Johannis de Fordun Chronica Gentis Scotorum (The Historians of Scotland, vol. 1, Edinburgh, 1871).
** Freeman (1870-9) = Edward A. Freeman, The History of the Norman Conquest of England (5 vols. + index vol., Oxford, 1870-9).
** Macquarrie (1993) = Alan Macquarrie, "The Kings of Strathclyde, c.400-1018", in Alexander Grant & Keith J. Stringer, eds., Medieval Scotland - Crown, Lordship and Community - Essays presented to G. W. S. Barrow (Edinburgh, 1993), 1-19.
** MGH SS = Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Scriptores series.
** OV = Augustus le Prevost, ed. Orderici Vitalis Historiæ Ecclesiasticæ, 5 vols. (Paris, 1838-55); also available in Marjorie Chibnall, ed. & trans., The Ecclesiastical History of Orderic Vitalis, 6 vols. (Oxford, 1969-80). As I do not have easy access to all volumes of Chibnall's edition, citations here are given from Prevost's edition.
** Searle (1899) = William George Searle, Anglo-Saxon Bishops, Kings and Nobles (Cambridge, 1899).
** Sim. Durh. = Thomas Arnold, ed., Symeonis Monachi Opera Omnia, 2 vols. (Rolls Series 75, 1882-5).
See lfull entry on The Henry Ptojrect for more information.

Per Med Lands:
     "[SIBYLLA] . The Chronicle of John of Fordun records that the mother of Malcolm and Donald Bane, Duncan´s sons, was "the cousin of Earl Siward"[482]. This information is not included in any earlier source and should be considered dubious. In one earlier king list, King Malcolm III's mother is named "Suthen"[483].
     "m ([1030]) DUNCAN King of Strathclyde, son of CRINAN "the Thane" Mormaer of Atholl & his wife Bethoc of the Scots ([1001]-killed in battle either Bothganowan/Pitgaveny, near Elgin, or Burghead 14 Aug 1040, bur Isle of Iona). He succeeded in 1034 as DUNCAN I King of Scotland.] "
Med Lands cites:

Reference: Genealogics cites: Henry Project , Baldwin, Stewart.⁵ GAV-25 EDV-25 GKJ-26. Suthen (?) of Northumbria was also known as Sibylla Bearsson (?)¹¹

; Per Med Lands:
     "[SIBYLLA] . The Chronicle of John of Fordun records that the mother of Malcolm and Donald Bane, Duncan´s sons, was "the cousin of Earl Siward"[482]. This information is not included in any earlier source and should be considered dubious. In one earlier king list, King Malcolm III's mother is named "Suthen"[483].
     "m ([1030]) DUNCAN King of Strathclyde, son of CRINAN "the Thane" Mormaer of Atholl & his wife Bethoc of the Scots ([1001]-killed in battle either Bothganowan/Pitgaveny, near Elgin, or Burghead 14 Aug 1040, bur Isle of Iona). He succeeded in 1034 as DUNCAN I King of Scotland.]"
Med Lands cites: