Person Page - 1644

     Rhydderach mac Donald died after 970.¹

     Malcolm mac Donald King of Cumbria and Strathclyde died in 997.¹
     He was King of Cumbria and Strathclyde: [Ashley, pp. 377-378] MALCOLM MAC DONALD sub-king of Cumbria and Strathclyde, 973-97. Malcolm inherited Strathclyde from his father, DONALD MAC OWEN who retired in 973. Malcolm seems to have existed on peaceful terms with KENNETH II of Scotland, though in 990 Malcolm's right to the kingdom was challenged by Kenneth's son Malcolm (the future MALCOLM II of Scotland). The two ruled jointly for five years, until Malcolm mac Kenneth was deposed in 995 on the death of his father. It is perhaps pertinent that Malcolm mac Donald did not endeavour to claim the throne in 995 during the dynastic struggle between CONSTANTINE III and KENNETH III. He died in 997 and was succeeded by his brother OWEN THE BALD. Some records confuse this Malcolm with a Malcolm son of DUFF, whose death is recorded in 990, though there is apparently some doubt as to whether that Malcolm actually existed. It is not impossible that a son of Duff laid claim to the kingship of Strathclyde at this time, and that three Malcolms may have been just too much for later chroniclers to cope with. between 973 and 997.¹

     Owen "the Bald" mac Donald King of Strathclyde died circa 1018.¹
     He was King of Strathclyde: [Ashley, p. 378] OWEN THE BALD Strathclyde, 1005-18? Owen was the brother of MALCOLM MAC DONALD. He managed to secure the kingship of Strathclyde sometime after Malcolm mac Kenneth succeeded to the Scottish throne as MALCOLM II. Just when is uncertain as Malcolm would certainly have wanted to pass the Scottish throne on to his own children, but Malcolm had three daughters and no sons and his grandson, DUNCAN, was too young to inherit Strathclyde. Owen, therefore, seems to be something of a second choice, serving almost as a regent to Malcolm in the event of the king's premature death, although Malcolm secured the right of succession for Duncan once he had come of age. That probably happened in 1018, or soon after, but it is not clear whether Owen stepped down at that time, or may have died. It is probable that he was killed in or died soon after the battle of Carham, in which Owen fought alongside Malcolm against the Northumbrians. Owen was probably in his fifties or even his sixties by then, and stood aside in favour of Duncan. Nothing more is heard of him after 1018. between 1005 and 1018.¹

     Malcolm (?) Prince of Cumbria died circa 990.¹

     Giric II (?) died in 1005.¹

     Boite (?) was also known as Beoedhe (?)²

     Dungal mac Cináeda died in 999.²

     Malcolm (?) mórmaer of Moray died in 1029.¹
     He was mórmaer of Moray, [Ashley, pp. 415-416] MALCOLM MAC MAELBRIGTE mórmaer of Moray, 1020-29. Malcolm was son of Maelbrigte who may have been mórmaer prior to FINDLAECH. Malcolm was implicated in the murder of his uncle Findlaech in 1020 and was elected unopposed. It is possible that he believed he had prior claim to the stewardship, especially if his father had held the title, and that Malcolm had been too young to inherit the role when his father died. Since Findlaech remained in power for over twenty years, Malcolm was probably in his thirties when he came to power. He was more ardent than his uncle in seeking the throne of Scotland and throughout the 1020s made a series of raids on Scottish territory, including one that pillaged Dunkeld in 1027. Malcolm must have believed that the ageing Scottish king, MALCOLM, would soon die and that he would be able to challenge for the kingship. However it was Malcolm of Moray who died first, probably of natural causes, in 1029. He was succeeded by his brother, GILLECOMGAIN. between 1020 and 1029.¹

     Finnghuala (?) married Lulach Fatuus "the Fool" (?) King of the Scots, son of Gillecomgain (?) mórmaer of Moray and Ingibiorg Finnsdottir av Austraat og Halland (?).¹

     Mael Snechta (?) mórmaer of Moray died in 1085.¹
     He was mórmaer of Moray, [Ashley, p. 416] MAEL SNECHTA or MAELSNECHTAI mórmaer of Moray, 1058-78. The son of LULACH, the last of the Moray dynasty to rule Scotland. At the time of Lulach's death Mael Snechta was too young to rule, being perhaps six or seven, but he was evidently taken to safety from Scone to be raised secretly in the mountains of the north. His name means "servant of the snow", which may suggest either the weather conditions at the time of his birth or, more likely, his role as head man of the snowy north of Scotland. Whether MALCOLM III knew of his survival at the outset is not known, but he must have done by the time Mael Snechta came of age, in about 1068, as he would then have been formally invested as mórmaer (or to local sentiment - king) of Moray. Mael Snechta does not seem to have taken any hostile action against Malcolm directly, though he no doubt continued a guerilla warfare, harrying any of Malcolm's men who ventured north, and disrupted trade about the kingdom. Malcolm was eventually able to lead an army against him. Mael Snechta was defeated and driven into exile, spending his last years in a monastery, where he died, still comparatively young, in 1085. The Moray cause was not lost, as his sister's husband, AED, was raised to the mórmaership. between 1058 and 1078.¹

     Unknown (?) married Aed (?) mórmaer of Moray.²

     Aed (?) mórmaer of Moray married unknown (?), daughter of Lulach Fatuus "the Fool" (?) King of the Scots and Finnghuala (?).¹

Aed (?) mórmaer of Moray died circa 1116.¹
     Aed (?) mórmaer of Moray was also known as Heth (?) mórmaer of Moray.¹ He was AED or HETH mórmaer of Moray, cl078-? We know nothing of Aed's background. He married the sister of MAEL SNECHTA and was elected mórmaer of Moray sometime after his brother-in-law was defeated and deposed by MALCOLM III in 1078. Malcolm had taken Mael Snechta's daughter captive, so it is possible that Aed was a husband forced upon her by Malcolm to serve as a vassal king in Moray, but subsequent events make this unlikely. It is possible that Aed was a son of the mórmaer of Ross, and he may have been mórmaer of Ross in his own right. He remained a rebel until his death at some unknown date. It was probably he who led a raid into southern Scotland in 1116 and killed Lodmund, a grandson of Malcolm III. Aed may have been killed in the retaliatory expedition as no more is heard of him thereafter. He was eventually succeeded by his son ANGUS MAC HETH. circa 1078.¹

     Angus mac Heth mórmaer of Moray died in 1130 at Battle of Strathcarro, Scotland.¹
     He was King of Moray: [Ashley, p. 417] ANGUS MAC HETH king of Moray, ?-1130. Angus was the son of AED, also known as Heth, and grandson of LULACH. He was the last independent ruler of Moray. Nothing is recorded of his actions before 1130, though we can imagine he was a continual thorn in the side of the Scottish kings ALEXANDER I and DAVID I. It is just possible that Alexander may have had an illegitimate daughter by a sister of Angus, since there seems to have been some relationship between Alexander and the rebel Malcolm macHeth. In 1130 Angus and Malcolm led a huge army south into Scotland, intent on regaining the throne. At the ensuing battle of Strathcarro, Angus was defeated and killed and Malcolm was driven into hiding in the Highlands. He was eventually captured and imprisoned in 1134 and held in Roxburgh Castle until 1157 when he was released and restored to the earldom of Ross. David I took advantage of the death of Angus to formally integrate Moray into his kingdom. It was not the end of rebellion. William, the son of DUNCAN II, styled himself earl of Moray after Angus's death and his son, also called William, married Angus's sister Gruaidh. Their descendants, together with those of Malcolm macHeth, continued to rebel against the overlordship of the Scottish kings until the final confrontation in 1215 when Kenneth MacHeth and Donald MacWilliam were both killed in battle. before 1130.¹

     Gruaidh (?) married William Fitz Duncan Earl of Moray, Lord of Skipton, son of Duncan II (?) King of Scots and Althelreda (?) of Dunbar, Queen of the Scots,
; his 1st wife.^1,2,3

     Madach mac Maelmare (?) 1st Earl of Atholl married Margaret (?), daughter of Haco (?) Jarl of Orkney,
;
His 1st wife.^9,5,6 Madach mac Maelmare (?) 1st Earl of Atholl was born circa 1093.⁵ He married Margaret Haakonsdotter (?), daughter of Haakon Paalson (?) Jarl of Orkney and Helga (?) of Caithness, circa 1133
;
His 2nd wife; her 1st husband.^{1,2,9,10,5,6,11,12}
Madach mac Maelmare (?) 1st Earl of Atholl died between 1142 and 1152.^1,2,9,5
     GAV-29 EDV-26.

; Per Ravilious:
     "As discussed (if not fully) in a prior SGM thread [1], Madadh mac Maelmare, earl of Athol (d. bef 1152) was married to Margaret, daughter of Jarl Haakon and sister of Ingeborg. Harald Maddadsson, the (or an) older son of Madadh and Margaret, was taken to the Orkneys when his uncle Jarl Paul (brother of Margaret) was supplanted, and allegedly imprisoned with his sister's connivance [Orkneyinga Saga, chapters 74-75]. Madadh was succeeded as earl of Athol by his son Malcolm, whom I believe was also a son of Margaret:
1. There is no evidence of another wife of Madadh besides Margaret;
2. Margaret is recorded as being Madadh's widow; it is therefore unlikely we would find a child, younger than Harald, succeeding Madadh as earl of Athol who was not his legitimate son;
3. Chronologically it seems most probable that Malcom mac Madadh was born to Margaret between 1139 and 1153; his one known wife Hextilda of Tynedale (widow of Richard Comyn) was likely born ca. 1150, given the number of children she gave to Malcolm following their marriage ca. 1182 (after giving many children to her former Comyn husband).
4. We have record of a sister of Malcolm mac Madadh named Margaret [" Margareta soror ejus ", Liber Vitae Dunelmensis, vol. 13, p. 100], who would seem most likely to have been a daughter of Madadh and Margaret. *There are several other siblings, but no onomastic evidence is provided by their names either way.
     "Among the issue of Malcolm mac Madadh and Hextilda of Tynedale, a son 'Kelhathoni' is held to have been the Gillechattan from whom later chiefs of Clan Chattan descended. More historically to the point, Malcolm's son and successor Henry, earl of Athol (d. bef 1211) was the ancestor of the Strathbogie Earls of Athol [from whom descend Dawnay of Sessay and Cowick, Gascoigne of Gawthorpe, the Lords Burgh of Gainsborough and the Pudseys of Barford] and the Cunningham Earls of Glencairn [Scots.]. This is not to mention, the late Queen Mother, her daughter Queen Elizabeth II, and a host of others....“.¹⁰

Reference: Genealogics cites:

; This is the same person as ”Matad, earl of Atholl (d.1139×59)” at People of Medieval Scotland 1093-1371.

This is the same person as ”Matad, Earl of Atholl” at Wikipedia (DK).^13,14


; Per Genealogics: "The first Earl of Atholl to appear in Scottish records is Earl Madach, or Madeth, who is named as a witness to the foundation charter of the Abbey of Scone granted by King Alexander I. This is usually said to have been granted in the year 1113-14, but was probably granted after 1116. Earl Madach is described by the Norwegian writer Torfaeus as a magnificent prince, and the cousin (_patruelis_) of King David I. He bore the same relation to King Alexander I, as he was the son of their uncle Melmare (called by the Norwegian writers 'Melkofr'), who was the younger brother of Malcolm III, their father.”.⁵ Madach mac Maelmare (?) 1st Earl of Atholl was also known as Matad (?) Mormaer of Atholl, 1st Earl of Atholl.^14,13

; Per Burke's: "MADACH, 1ST EARL OF ATHOL, on record, was s of Melmare who was yr bro of MALCOLM III and [son of] DUNCAN I, Kings of Scots. He was witness to the foundation charter of the Abbey of Scone, temp. ALEXANDER I, and to a charter dated between 1124 and 1127, temp. DAVID I. By his first wife he had a s, MALCOLM, 2nd Earl. He m 2nd, c 1133, Margaret (who m 2nd, Erland Ungi, Jarl of Orkney), dau of Hakon, Earl or Jarl of Orkney (see CAITHNESS, E), and by her had a s, Harald, Jarl of Orkney. The Earl d c 1152, and was succeeded by his son“.²

; Per Genealogy.EU (Dunkeld): “C1. Madach, Earl of Atholl (ca 1115), +ca 1152; 1m: Margaret, dau.of Haakon Paulsson; 2m: ca 1133 Margaret, dau.of Haco, Jarl of Orkney”.¹⁵

; Per Med Lands:
     "MADDAD [Madach] (-[1142/52]). According to the Complete Peerage, Madach Earl of Atholl was the son of Maelmuire, but it cites no corresponding primary source[147]. The sources quoted below, dated to before the charter in which Maelmuire is named (see above), suggest that this affiliation cannot be correct. The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Mormaer of Atholl. "Alexander nepos regis Alexandri, Beth comes, Gospatricius Dolfini, Mallus comes, Madach comes, Rothri comes, Gartnach comes, Dufagan comes, Willelmus frater regine, Edwardus constabularius, Gospatricius filius Walthef, Ufieth Alfricus pincerna" witnessed the charter dated to [1114/15] under which "Alexander…rex Scottorum filius regis Malcolmi et regine Margerete et…Sibilla regina Scottorum filia Henrici regis Anglie" reformed Scone Abbey[148]. He is known as the first Earl of Atholl. "…Madach comes…" subscribed the possibly spurious charter dated to [1120] of "Alexander…Rex Scottorum…Sibilla regina Scottorum…"[149]. "…Madeth comes…" witnessed a charter dated to [1128] by which "David…Rex Scottorum" made grants to the church of Dunfermline[150]. "Madeth comite…" witnessed a charter dated 1130 by which "David…Rex Scottorum" confirmed the shire of Kirkcaldy to the church of Dunfermline[151]. "…Madd comite…" witnessed a charter dated to [1135] by which "David Rex Scottorum" granted Swinton to "Arnulfo…mee militi"[152].
     "[m firstly ---. No direct evidence has yet been found to corroborate Maddad’s first marriage. However, the chronology of his son Malcolm suggests that he was not born from Maddad’s marriage to Margaret of Orkney.]
     "m [secondly] ([1133]) as her first husband, MARGARET of Orkney, illegitimate daughter of HAKON Paulsson Jarl of Orkney & his mistress Helga ---. Orkneyinga Saga names “Harald…Smooth-Tongue and two daughters…Ingibjorg…Margaret” as the children of Earl Hakon and his mistress Helga[153]. It is unlikely that Margaret was born after [1115] if it is correct that her son was born in 1134. Orkneyinga Saga records that “Margaret Hakon’s-Daughter” married “Earl Maddad of Atholl”[154]. She married secondly Erland "Ungi/the Young" (-killed 1156). Orkneyinga Saga records that “Erlend the Young” abducted Margaret from Orkney and took her to Shetland, and that her son eventually granted permission for their marriage[155]."
Med Lands cites:

; Per Med Lands:
     "MARGARET (before [1115]-). Orkneyinga Saga names “Harald…Smooth-Tongue and two daughters…Ingibjorg…Margaret” as the children of Earl Hakon and his mistress Helga[978]. It is unlikely that Margaret was born after [1115] if it is correct that her son was born in 1134. Orkneyinga Saga records that “Margaret Hakon’s-Daughter” married “Earl Maddad of Atholl”[979]. Orkneyinga Saga records that “Erlend the Young” abducted Margaret from Orkney and took her to Shetland, and that her son eventually granted permission for their marriage[980].
     "m firstly ([1133]) as his second wife, MADDAD [Madach] Earl of Atholl, son of --- (-[1142/52]).
     "m secondly ERLAND "Ungi/the Young" (-killed 1156)."
Med Lands cites: He was 1st Earl of Athol on record circa 1115.^2,9

     Margaret Haakonsdotter (?) married Erland Ungi Jarl of Orkney
;
Her 2nd husband.^3,4 Margaret Haakonsdotter (?) was born circa 1115; Genealogics says b. ca 1115; Med Lands says b. bef 1115.^3,4 She married Madach mac Maelmare (?) 1st Earl of Atholl, son of Maelmuir (?) of Scotland, circa 1133
;
His 2nd wife; her 1st husband.^{1,7,2,8,9,10,3,4}
     ; Per Med Lands:
     "MADDAD [Madach] (-[1142/52]). According to the Complete Peerage, Madach Earl of Atholl was the son of Maelmuire, but it cites no corresponding primary source[147]. The sources quoted below, dated to before the charter in which Maelmuire is named (see above), suggest that this affiliation cannot be correct. The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Mormaer of Atholl. "Alexander nepos regis Alexandri, Beth comes, Gospatricius Dolfini, Mallus comes, Madach comes, Rothri comes, Gartnach comes, Dufagan comes, Willelmus frater regine, Edwardus constabularius, Gospatricius filius Walthef, Ufieth Alfricus pincerna" witnessed the charter dated to [1114/15] under which "Alexander…rex Scottorum filius regis Malcolmi et regine Margerete et…Sibilla regina Scottorum filia Henrici regis Anglie" reformed Scone Abbey[148]. He is known as the first Earl of Atholl. "…Madach comes…" subscribed the possibly spurious charter dated to [1120] of "Alexander…Rex Scottorum…Sibilla regina Scottorum…"[149]. "…Madeth comes…" witnessed a charter dated to [1128] by which "David…Rex Scottorum" made grants to the church of Dunfermline[150]. "Madeth comite…" witnessed a charter dated 1130 by which "David…Rex Scottorum" confirmed the shire of Kirkcaldy to the church of Dunfermline[151]. "…Madd comite…" witnessed a charter dated to [1135] by which "David Rex Scottorum" granted Swinton to "Arnulfo…mee militi"[152].
     "[m firstly ---. No direct evidence has yet been found to corroborate Maddad’s first marriage. However, the chronology of his son Malcolm suggests that he was not born from Maddad’s marriage to Margaret of Orkney.]
     "m [secondly] ([1133]) as her first husband, MARGARET of Orkney, illegitimate daughter of HAKON Paulsson Jarl of Orkney & his mistress Helga ---. Orkneyinga Saga names “Harald…Smooth-Tongue and two daughters…Ingibjorg…Margaret” as the children of Earl Hakon and his mistress Helga[153]. It is unlikely that Margaret was born after [1115] if it is correct that her son was born in 1134. Orkneyinga Saga records that “Margaret Hakon’s-Daughter” married “Earl Maddad of Atholl”[154]. She married secondly Erland "Ungi/the Young" (-killed 1156). Orkneyinga Saga records that “Erlend the Young” abducted Margaret from Orkney and took her to Shetland, and that her son eventually granted permission for their marriage[155]."
Med Lands cites:
; Per Genealogy.EU (Dunkeld): “C1. Madach, Earl of Atholl (ca 1115), +ca 1152; 1m: Margaret, dau.of Haakon Paulsson; 2m: ca 1133 Margaret, dau.of Haco, Jarl of Orkney”.¹¹

Reference: Genealogics cites:

; Per Genealogics:
     “Margaret Hakonsdottir was a daughter of Hakon Paulsson, Earl of Orkney and Helga. About 1133 she married Earl Madach of Atholl, whose father Melmar was a brother King Malcolm of Scots. About 1137 Margaret's brother Paul, Earl of Orkney visited her. According to one story, he told her he wanted to enter a monastery and never return to the Orkneys. According to others, Margaret had hired Svein Asleifarson to blind Paul, then put him in prison, and later hired someone else to kill him. Whatever happened, Paul never went back to Orkney. Margaret's husband Madach died between 1142 and 1152. After his death Margaret returned to Orkney, still a beautiful woman but full of her own importance.
     “Gunni Olafsson, brother of Svein Asleifarson, fathered a child by Margaret. As a result her son Harald, Earl of Orkney and Caithness, made Gunni an outlaw, which created bad feeling between Harald and Svein Asleifarson. Later her son Harald set out from Caithness north to Shetland, intending to kill Erlend the Young. Erlend had asked to marry Margaret, a proposal Harald rejected. Erlend raised a force of men, abducted Margaret from Orkney, took her north to Shetland and settled down in the Broch at Mousa where everything had been made ready.
     “When Earl Harald arrived in Shetland, he laid siege to the Broch and cut off all supplies. Then attempts were made to reconcile Harald and Erlend. Erlend wanted Harald to let him have Margaret in marriage, and in return he offered his support to the Earl, adding that what Harald needed most was to recover his realm and the best way would be to make as many friends as he could. The result was that they came to an agreement and Margaret and Erlend were married.”.³ GAV-29 EDV-26.

; Per Med Lands:
     "MARGARET (before [1115]-). Orkneyinga Saga names “Harald…Smooth-Tongue and two daughters…Ingibjorg…Margaret” as the children of Earl Hakon and his mistress Helga[978]. It is unlikely that Margaret was born after [1115] if it is correct that her son was born in 1134. Orkneyinga Saga records that “Margaret Hakon’s-Daughter” married “Earl Maddad of Atholl”[979]. Orkneyinga Saga records that “Erlend the Young” abducted Margaret from Orkney and took her to Shetland, and that her son eventually granted permission for their marriage[980].
     "m firstly ([1133]) as his second wife, MADDAD [Madach] Earl of Atholl, son of --- (-[1142/52]).
     "m secondly ERLAND "Ungi/the Young" (-killed 1156)."
Med Lands cites:

     Sir Michael de Poynings 1st Baron Poynings married Joan Rokesley circa 1348
;
Her 2nd husband.^4,5
Sir Michael de Poynings 1st Baron Poynings died between 7 March 1368 and 1369; Ravilious says d. 7 Mar 1368.^1,4
      ; per Ravilious: Death:     7 Mar 13689
Occ:     Lord Poynings

of Poynings and Pangdean, Sussex
summoned to Parliament from 20 Nov 1348 to 24 Feb 1367/68 by writs
directed 'Michaeli de Ponynges', whereby held to have become Lord
Poynings
fought at Calais and Crecy, 13469

inherited 1/6 of the barony of Folkestone, Kent from his mother, 1346
(Sanders, p. 46)5

Spouse:     Joan
Death:     16 May 13699
Marr:     bef 13499

Children:     Thomas (->1374)
     Richard
     Agnes (-<1403)
     Margaret
     Elizabeth.⁴

; Leo van de Pas cites: The Complete Peerage, 1936 , Doubleday, H.A. & Lord Howard de Walden, Reference: X 660; I 419.¹ GAV-23.

     Donald mac William died on 31 July 1187 at Margania Moor, Speyside, Scotland; killed in uprising to regain the throne.^1,3,2

     Gothred/Godfrey mac Donald died in 1213 at Kincardine; killed in uprising to regain the throne.^1,2

     Donald mac Donald died in 1215 at Morayshire, Scotland; killed in uprising to regain the throne.^1,2

     Malcolm mac Heth Earl of Ross married Unknown (?), daughter of Gillebride (?) Thane of Argyll.¹

Malcolm mac Heth Earl of Ross died in 1168.¹
      ; [illegitimate] Malcolm MacHeth, Earl of Ross, *1105/15, +1168; m.N, a sister of Somerled, Lord of Argyll.² EDV-27.

     Unknown (?) married Malcolm mac Heth Earl of Ross, son of Alexander I "The Fierce" (?) King of Scots.¹

     Reference: Genealogics cites: The Highland Clans, London, 1977 , Moncreiffe of that Ilk, Hicks, David.⁴

; NB: I am uncertain about the link between Margad (Echmarcach) Ragnallson and Somelred.
     My source for the link between Gillbride (father of Somerled) and Margad (Echmarcach) Ragnallson is Ashley (1998). A chart in Ashley (chart 25, p. 420) shows the following:
     None of my the major sources I have consulted (Genealogics, Med Lands) link Gillebride to Margad (Echmarcach) Ragnallson, though Margad (Echmarcach) seems to have been a historic person, according to his Wikipedia entry.
     Genealogics shows a similar ancestry for Somerled which has a "Solmund" as the father of Gilleadamnan/Gilladamnan (citing The Highland Clans, London, 1977 , Moncreiffe of that Ilk, Hicks, David):
     Genealogics shows no ancestor or dates for Gilleadamnan/Gilladamnan. There is no reason to believe that Solmund is simply another name for Margad (Echmarcach) Ragnallson.
Conclusion: I am uncertain as to whether the father of Gilleadamnan/Gilladamnan was Margad or Solmund, and if there were the same person. However, for the present, I have identified Margad as Solmund and kept the lineage to Somerled in place. GA Vaut.^5,6,7,8 EDV-25.

      ; of Bletsoe and Keysoe, Beds, Rothersthorpe, Heyford and Pattishall, Northants, N Crawley, Bucks, and Firsby, Lincs.¹

     Gormflaeth/Hvarlod (?) of Moray married Harald Maddadsson Jarl of Orkney, Earl of Caithness, son of Madach mac Maelmare (?) 1st Earl of Atholl and Margaret Haakonsdotter (?),
; his 2nd wife.^4,2,3
     Reference: Genealogics cites: The Lineage and Ancestry of H.R.H. Prince Charles, Prince of Wales, Edinburgh, 1977, Paget, Gerald. vol 1 153.³

     Adam (?) died in 1186.¹