Person Page - 707

     Urraca Nunez Vello married Gomez Paez de Silva, son of Palayo Gutierrez de Silva and Sancha Anez de Montor.²

     Gomez Paez de Silva married Urraca Nunez Vello, daughter of Nuno Suarez Vello and Elvira Touriz.¹

Gomez Paez de Silva died in 1170.¹

     Palayo Gutierrez de Silva married Sancha Anez de Montor, daughter of Juan Ramirez de Montor.⁴

Palayo Gutierrez de Silva died circa 1080.¹

     Sancha Anez de Montor married Palayo Gutierrez de Silva, son of Gutierre Pelayez de Silva and Maria Perez de Ambia.¹

     Maria Perez de Ambia married Gutierre Pelayez de Silva, son of Pelayo Pelayez de Cisneros and Mumadonna (Mayor) Gonzalez (?).¹

     Reference: 134656977. Maria Perez de Ambia was also known as Maria Perez de Ambia.

     Sir Thomas Stewart Master of Mar married Elizabeth Douglas, daughter of Archibald Douglas 4th Earl of Douglas, Duke of Touraine and Margaret Stewart Lady of Galloway, after 1424.¹

     Pedro Paez de Ambia married Maria Fernandez de Gundiaes.

     Reference: 269313954.

     Maria Fernandez de Gundiaes married Pedro Paez de Ambia, son of Payo Arias de Ambia and Maria Gonsalez.

     Payo Arias de Ambia married Maria Gonsalez, daughter of Gonsalo Ruiz and Mayor Martinez.

     Reference: 538627908.

     Maria Gonsalez married Payo Arias de Ambia, son of Arias de Ambia.

     Reference: 538627909.

     Gonsalo Ruiz married Mayor Martinez.

     Reference: 1077255818.

     Mayor Martinez married Gonsalo Ruiz.

     Reference: 1077255819.

     Arias de Ambia married an unknown person.

     Reference: 1077255816.

     Jimeno Garces (?) de Pamplona married Sancha Aznarez de Larron, daughter of Aznar II Galindes (?) count of Aragón and Onneca (Iniga) Fortun (?).^3,4

Jimeno Garces (?) de Pamplona died on 29 May 931.³
     Jimeno Garces (?) de Pamplona was also known as Jimeno/Ximeno (?) King of Pamplona.³

; Per Med Lands:
     "JIMENO García (-29 May 931). The Codex de Roda names "Sanzio Garseanis et Scemeno Garseanis" as the children of "Garsea Scemenonis" and his second wife "domna Dadildi de Paliares soror Regimundi comitis"[140]. “Rege Santio Garseanis cum suos germanos Enecho Garseanis et Scemeno Garseanis” confirmed the territory of the monastery of Fontfrida by charter dated 1 Oct 921[141]. "Sancius rex…cum coniux mea Tuta regina" donated property to the monastery of San Martín de Albelda by charter dated 5 Jan 925, confirmed by "…Garsea eiusdem principis filius, Enneca eiusdem principis filia, Belaschita eiusdem principis filia, Eneco Garseanis, Semeno Garseanis…"[142]. It is assumed that "…Eneco Garseanis, Semeno Garseanis…" in this charter are the brothers of King Sancho. The Codex de Roda records that "frater eius Scemeno Garseanis" succeeded on the death of "Sanzio Garseanis" in 925 and reigned five years and five months[143]. It is more probable that he was regent for his infant nephew King García III after his accession in 925[144]. However, some indication has been found that Jimeno used the royal title while in power: a charter dated 922 (presumably to be redated to after 925) records donations to the monastery of San Pedro de Siresa by "Sancio Garcianes…et domnus Galindo comes" and is witnessed by "domnus Scemeno rege et domnus Enneco et Isinari Galindones et Scemeno Galindones et Paternus Ennecones et Galindo Isinari et Sancio Garcandi de Ronkali…"[145]. A charter dated 928 records that “rex Fortunio Garcianes” had set the limits of “villis...Benassa et...Katamesas” and that they were confirmed by “rege Scemeno Garcianes et suo creato domno Garsea filio de rege Sancio Garsianes”, the dating clause recording “regnante Scemeno Garsianes cum suo creato domno Garsea in Pampilona et in Deiu...”[146]. The dating clause of a charter dated 11 Jan 931, under which the people of Viguera donated property to the monastery of San Martín de Albelda, names "regnante…principe Semeno Garseanis in Pampilona…", the same document being witnessed by "Eximino rex serenissimus, Garsea rex filius Sancionis…" which shows that Jimeno had not displaced his nephew entirely[147]. The Codex de Roda records the death "931 IV Kal Jun" of "Scemeno Garseanis"[148].
     "m SANCHA Aznárez, daughter of AZNAR Sánchez de Larraún & his wife Oneca [Íñiga] Fortún de Pamplona. The Codex de Roda names "Santio Asnari et domna Tota regina et domna Sanzia" as the children of "Asnari Sanziones qui et Larron" and his wife, in a later passage naming "domna Sanzia, Asnari Santionis filia" as wife of "Scemeno Garseanis" and recording that she was killed "in Galias in villa…Laco" by her son García Jiménez[149]."
Med Lands cites:

; Per Genealogy.EU (Iberia 6): “D3. King Jimeno of Pamplona (925-931), +29.5.931; m.Sancha de Larraun
     García Jimenez de Pamplona
     Sancho Jimenez de Pamplona; m.Quixilo, dau.of García, Cde de Bailo
     Dadildis; m.Musa Ibn Aznar”.⁵

; Per Med Lands:
     "SANCHA Aznárez. The Codex de Roda names "Santio Asnari et domna Tota regina et domna Sanzia" as the children of "Asnari Sanziones qui et Larron" and his wife, in a later passage naming "domna Sanzia, Asnari Santionis filia" as wife of "Scemeno Garseanis" and recording that she was killed "in Galias in villa…Laco" by her son García Jiménez[75].
     "m JIMENO García de Pamplona, son of GARCÍA II Jimenez King of Pamplona & his second wife Dadildis de Pallars (-931). "
Med Lands cites: He was King of Pamplona between 925 and 931.³

     Waifar/Gaifier (?) duc d'Aquitaine et de Vasconie married Adela/Adele (?), daughter of Loup II (?) Duke of Gascony/Duc de Vasconie.³

Waifar/Gaifier (?) duc d'Aquitaine et de Vasconie died on 2 June 768; Killed in battle.^2,3
      ; Per Med Lands:
     "WAIFAR (-killed in battle 2 Jun 768). The Annales Metenses records that "Hunaldus" retired as a monk to the monastery “Radis insola” [L'Isle de Ré] in 744 and left “filium...suum Waifarium in principatu”[31]. The Annales Metenses name "Waifarium dux Aquitaniorum" in 749[32]. The charter of Charles II "le Chauve" King of the West Franks dated 30 Jan 845 (possibly spurious, as explained in the Introduction) names "primogenito Vifario" as "nepote" of "Eudone Boggisi filio", implying but not stating explicitly that he was the son of Duke Hunoald[33]. He succeeded his father in 745 as Duke of Aquitaine. Grifo, brother of Pepin maior domus of the Franks, fled to Gascony in 748 and joined Duke Waifar[34]. King Pepin invaded Aquitaine in 760 to require Duke Waifar to respect the rights of the church. The duke gave Adalgar and Either as hostages as assurance of his obedience to the king, but rebelled in 761 provoking Pepin to invade Aquitaine again[35]. The Annales Metenses record that in 765 "Waiferius" sent "Mancionem comitem consobrinum suum" against the Franks[36]. The king repeated his campaigns in Aquitaine each year, culminating in 768 when he captured Duke Waifar's mother, one of his two sisters and his nieces, and killed Duke Waifar himself[37]. The Annales Sancti Amandi record the death "768 IV Non Iun" of "Waifarius"[38].
     "m [ADELA, daughter and heiress of LOUP Duke of Gascony & his wife ---. The charter of Charles II "le Chauve" King of the West Franks dated 30 Jan 845 (possibly spurious, as explained in the Introduction) names "Adelæ…Ducis Lupi filiæ" as mother of "Lupus"[39]. Her parentage and marriage have not been corroborated by other primary sources consulted.]"
Med Lands cites:

; Per Wikipedia (Fr.):
     "Waïfre1 ou Waïfer ou Gaïfier est duc d’Aquitaine et de Vasconie de 744 à sa mort le 2 juin 7682.
     "Waïfre est le fils de Hunald Ier à qui il succède comme duc d'Aquitaine et de Vasconie quand ce dernier se retire au monastère de l'île de Ré en 745.
Présentation
     "En 749, Waïfre voulant acquérir son autonomie dans son duché, accueille favorablement Griffon3 qui vient se réfugier chez lui après s'être révolté contre son demi-frère Pépin le Bref. Ensemble, ils vont lutter contre le roi des Francs qui envahit l'Aquitaine en 760 afin de faire respecter les droits du clergé à Waïfre.
     "Après s'être soumis une première fois, le duc d'Aquitaine se révolte de nouveau en 761, puis chaque année jusqu'en 768, provoquant à chaque fois une réaction punitive du roi Pépin le Bref. Au printemps 768, Pépin s'empare de Bordeaux et réussit à capturer à Saintes la mère, la sœur de Waïfre et ses nièces4. Le 2 juin 768, Waïfre est finalement tué par un des siens, Waratton, sur ordre de Pépin5. Son père le duc Hunald qui vivait retiré au monastère de l'Île de Ré, rompit la clôture pour tenter de reprendre son duché sans succès, mais il fut livré à Charlemagne par son neveu Loup II de Vasconie (fils d'Hatton d'Aquitaine) chez qui il s'était réfugié6,7.
     "Selon une charte fausse de Charles le Chauve datée du 30 juin 845, il aurait épousé Adèle de Vasconie, fille de son neveu Loup de Vasconie8, il a eu deux fils :
Notes et références
1. Généalogie de Waïfre sur le site Medieval Lands [archive]
2. Jean de Jaurgain, La Vasconie : étude historique et critique sur les origines du royaume de Navarre, du duché de Gascogne, des comtés de Comminges, d'Aragon, de Foix, de Bigorre, d'Alava & de Biscaye, de la vicomté de Béarn et des grands fiefs du duché de Gascogne, t. 1, PyréMonde (Ed.Régionalismes), 1898, 447 p. (ISBN 2846181446 et 9782846181846, OCLC 492934726, lire en ligne [archive])
3. Jean Baptiste Alexandre Theodore Teule, Les Œuvres d'Eginhard [archive], 1843, p. 56
4. Adémar de Chabannes, Chroniques, Livre I, traduction par Yves Chauvin et Georges Pon, Brépols, 2003, (ISBN 2-503-51119-8)
5. Michel Rouche, L'Aquitaine: des Wisigoths aux Arabes [archive], Éditions de l'École des hautes études en sciences sociales, Éditions Touzot, 1979, p. 126
6. Généalogie d'Hunoald sur le site Medieval Lands [archive]
7. Vie de Charlemagne par Eginhard.
8. La généalogie de Loup de Vasconie sur le site Medieval Lands [archive]
Voir aussi
Bibliographie
** Alain Stodet, « À la recherche du ban perdu. Le trésor et les dépouilles de Waïfre, duc d'Aquitaine (f 768), d'après Adémar de Chabannes, Rigord et quelques autres » [archive], Cahiers de civilisation médiévale, 42e année, no 168, octobre-décembre 1999, p. 343-382.
** Jean-Paul Casse, « Waïfre, l’infortuné "prince d’Aquitaine à la Tour abolie" » [archive], dans Christian Amalvi, dir. Usages savants et partisans des biographies, de l'Antiquité au XXIe siècle : 134e Congrès national des sociétés historiques et scientifiques, Bordeaux, 2009, Éditions du CTHS, 2011, Actes des congrès nationaux des sociétés historiques et scientifiques (édition électronique), p. 41-60."


Per Wikipedia:
     "Waiofar, also spelled Waifar, Waifer or Waiffre[1] (died 768), was the last independent Duke of Aquitaine[2] from 745 to 768. He peacefully succeeded his father, Hunald I, after the latter entered a monastery.[3] He also inherited the conflict with the rising Carolingian family and its leader, Pepin the Short, who was king of the Franks after 751 and thus Waiofar's nominal suzerain.[4]
War with Pepin
752–60
     "The beginning of open conflict between Waiofar and Pepin can be dated to 753, when the duke of Aquitaine granted asylum to Pepin's brother Grifo after the latter was forced to flee Francia because of his failed attempt at usurping the Duchy of Bavaria from its rightful lord.[5][3] Pepin's immediate reaction is not recorded, but Grifo was subsequently assassinated while preparing to leave Aquitaine for Rome.
     "In 751, according to the Chronicle of Moissac, Waiofar sacked the city of Narbonne (Narbonam depraedat), the centre of Islamic rule north of the Pyrenees, having been conquered by the Arabs in 720. The following year several other formerly Visigothic cities north of the Pyrenees, under a certain Count Ansemund, went over to the Franks.[6] Between 752 and 759, Pepin's forces besieged Narbonne. For reasons unknown, Waiofar attacked Pepin's forces while they were camped by the city, "as his father had attacked Charles Martel" in the words of the Annals of Aniane.[7] Only the local sources, the Chronicle of Moissac and Annals of Aniane, record this attack.[8] Although the Chronicle of Uzès records that the Rouergue was conquered by Pepin in 754, during the siege of Narbonne, it is more likely that its conquest was effected with the assistance of the local Visigoths only after the fall of Narbonne (a Gothic city prior to the Arab conquest).[9]
     "The Annals of Aniane and Chronicle of Moissac indicate that the Frankish army under Pepin began the conquest of southern Aquitaine immediately after the fall of Narbonne in 759, and by 760 Toulouse, Rodez (capital of the Rouergue) and Albi had fallen into their hands.[10]
760–63
     "In 760, Pepin denounced Waiofar's seizure of church lands and prepared to march against him. Ignoring the latter's request for peace, Pepin invaded Berry and the Auvergne and ravaged "a large part of Aquitaine" (maximam partem Aquitaniae).[10] In 761, Waiofar responded by ordering Count Chunibert of Bourges and Count Blandinus of the Auvergne, his followers who controlled the northeastern borders of Aquitaine, to assemble their forces for an attack on Chalon-sur-Saône. This army probably consisted mostly of local levies, since no Gascon (Basque) presence is mentioned.[11] The Gascons (or Basques, Latin Vascones), whose presence the continuator of the Chronicle of Fredegar is otherwise scrupulous to record, were recruited from Gascony and served a professional core of Waiofar's army.[12] In the ensuing campaign, Burgundy was ravaged, but Pepin pushed the invaders back and took the fortresses of Bourbon, Chantelle and Clermont in the Auvergne, forcing Count Blandinus to surrender. The garrison at Bourbon is described by the continuator of Fredegar as the "men of Waiofar" (homines Waiofarii).[12] At the end of this campaign, Pepin obtained permanent control of many fortresses in the Auvergne by treaty.
     "In 762, Pepin invaded Berry and Poitou. He captured Bourges, forcing the surrender of Count Chunibert, after a lengthy siege in which breastworks were erected around the city and ramparts constructed for putting siege weapons up to the walls.[13] Thouars fell the same year, and the count of Poitiers made submission to Pepin.[14] The Annales Laurissenses maiores record that many Gascons in the following of the counts of Bourges and Poitiers were captured and brought back to Neustria.[15]
     "In 762, Waiofar's cousin Count Mantio, with a Gascon levy, lay an ambush for a Carolingian force, either as it was entering or leaving Narbonne. His men dismounted and lay in wait, but in the subsequent battle they were routed. Mantio and his retinue were all killed and the Gascons fled on foot, with the Carolingians taking their horses as booty.[12]
763–66
     "In 763, Waiofar offered to submit to Pepin if he would receive Bourges and other Aquitainian cities in exchange for "whatever tribute and gifts (tributa uel munera) Frankish kings had been accustomed to receive from the province of Aquitaine".[16][17] Nothing came of it. In 763, Pepin raided deep into Aquitaine as far as the Limousin and Quercy.[15] In 764, Pepin held a Mayfeld, the Frankish annual assembly, in the city of Worms. Waiofar and Duke Tassilo III of Bavaria attended.[18]
     "According to the continuator of Fredegar, Waiofar opposed Pepin "with a great army and many Vascones [Gascons] from across the Garonne, who in antiquity were called Vaceti [Basques]" in 765.[19] The "great army" and the "large levy" of Gascons may be distinct forces brought together for this campaign.[12] In 764, Count Chilping of the Auvergne led such a dual force of local levies complemented by some Gascon soldiers taken from the garrison of Clermont.[12]
     "Between 763 and 766, Waiofar withdrew his garrisons from the cities (civitates) of Poitiers, Limoges, Saintes, Périgueux and Angoulême. Most of these fortifications were restored after the cities were occupied by Pepin's forces.[20] Archibald Lewis believes it was Pepin who destroyed the walls after he had conquered the cities if he judged he could not hold them.[15] His interpretation is contradicted by Bernard Bachrach, who believes it was Waiofar who, before abandoning his cities, destroyed their defences and walls to prevent Pepin from using them against him.[21]
     "This final phase of the war was fought with increasing brutality, and the chroniclers record that Pepin burnt villas, despoiled vineyards and depopulated monasteries.[15] During this period (763–66) the fortress of Berry was held by a Frankish garrison.[22]
Loss of power and death
     "By 766 most of Waiofar's followers had abandoned him, but the war over Aquitaine did not end even with his death, shortly before Pepin's own, in 768.[23] The final active phase of the war between the two (766–67) was fought mainly in the Périgord, the Angoumois and the Bordelais, all regions closer to Gascony, which if not ruled directly by Waiofar was either under his control or allied to him. The chroniclers record how Pepin destroyed fortresses and cities, castella and civitates, and so devastated the countryside that "there was no settler to work the land" (nullus colonus terram ad laborandam).[15] Around this time, Pepin defeated the Gascons in pitched battle.[15]
     "In 768, the erstwhile count of Bourges, Blandinus, submitted to Pepin. Most of Waiofar's family was captured and executed in the forest of Périgord.[15] Waiofar himself was assassinated by his own men, allegedly at Pippin's instigation.[24] A kinsman, perhaps his son, Hunald II, succeeded to his claims on Aquitaine and continued to fight against Pepin's successor, Charles.[23][15]
Rule in Aquitaine
     "There is one charter issued by Waiofar preserved in the cartulary of the basilica of Saint-Julien at Brioude.[25] Styling himself and his predecessor, Hunald, "princes" (principes), Waiofar granted a villa to one Gedeon as a precarium for life in exchange for another villa and two pounds of silver.[26] The charter was drawn up around 756–57 ("in the month of September in the 12th year of lord Waifarius, prince") in the Limagne ("in pago limanico"). Waiofar may have been copying the policy of his rival Pepin from 743–44, when the latter ordered his followers who had received church lands to return them to the church, make a payment (cens) and receive them back as precaria verbo regis ("by the king's word") from the church. By creating precaria, Waiofar could raise men and troops to defend Aquitaine from the impending war with Pepin.[27] The continuator of Fredegar records how Waiofar confiscated church lands and distributed them to his followers.[10]
     "According to Adhemar of Chabannes, writing 250 years later, Pepin granted two villas to the canons of the abbey of Saint-Martial and the cathedral of Saint-Étienne at Limoges during his wars with Waiofar.[28]
     "Although much is known of Waiofar's wars with Pepin the Short,[14] little is known of his administration of Aquitaine. He did use counts (Latin comites, singular comes) to govern major cities (civitates, sing. civitas) in the Frankish manner. At least Bourges, Poitiers and the Auvergne had Aquitainian counts.[29] In the case of Thouars, which was merely a castle (castra), a count was appointed to command the garrison (custodes).[30]
     "Archibald Lewis suggests that the abundance of Gascon (Basque) troops among Waiofar's forces stems from an unrecorded alliance with Duke Lupus II of Gascony; in the same way he suggests Pepin formed an alliance with the Goths of Septimania after his conquest of Narbonne.[10]
     "Waiofar's uncle Remistanius, although he was not in the service of the duke, was wealthy enough to form an army to besiege several Carolingian garrisons.[12] In 765, Pepin bribed Remistanius with gold, silver, cloth, horses and arms to come over to his side. He appointed him to govern eastern half of the region of Bourges up to the river Cher and granted him control of the citadel in the city itself.[30] At the time, Chunibert, who had served as count of Bourges under Waiofar until he lost the city to Pepin in 762,[31] was again serving as count, this time to Pepin.[32]
Notes
1. In French it is spelled Waïfre, Waïfer or Gaïfier.
2. Collins 1990, pp. 106–07.
3. Lewis 1965, pp. 24–25.
4. Lewis 1965, p. 30, who calls it the "inherent opposition of his family to the Carolingians"..
5. Freising 1966.
6. Collins 1989, p. 173.
7. Lewis 1965, p. 23 n. 14.
8. Lewis 1965, p. 25 n. 20.
9. Lewis 1965, p. 26 n. 23.
10. Lewis 1965, p. 26.
11. Lewis 1965, p. 10 n. 37, records that Blandinus (or Bladino) did have at his disposal Gascon levies. On p. 27 he says that Blandinus also led a revolt in the Auvergne in Pepin's rear some time between 763 and 766.
12. Bachrach 1974, pp. 6–7.
13. In the continuator of Fredegar's words: castra metatusque est undique et omnia quae in giro fuit vastavit. Circumsepsit urbem munitionem fortissimam, ita ut nullus egredi ausus fuisset aut ingredi potuisset, cum machinis et omni genere armorum, cirumdedit ea vallo ("the fortress and all around it was laid waste. The fortress of the mighty city was surrounded in such a way that no one could have dared go out or come in; with machines and all sorts of weapons [Pepin] surrounded its walls").
14. Bachrach 1974, p. 9.
15. Lewis 1965, pp. 27–28.
16. Curta 2006, p. 687 n. 87.
17. Lewis 1965, p. 27 n. 30, has Waiofar offering peace terms in 765.
18. Reimitz 2015, p. 332.
19. Collins 1992, p. 214: cum exercito magno et plurima Wasconorum qui ultra Garonnam commorantur, quem antiquitus vocati sunt Vaceti. Collins' preferred term for cispyrenean Basques is "Gascons".
20. Bachrach 1974, p. 10.
21. The continuator of Fredegar: Videns praedictus Waiofarius princeps Aquitanicum quod castro Claremonte rex bellando ceperat et Bitoricas caput Aquitaniae munitissimam urbem cum machinis capuisset, et inpetum eius ferre non potuisset, omnes civitates quas in Aquitania provintia dictioni sue erant, id est Pectavia, Lemovicas, Sanctonis, Petrecors, Equolisma vel reliquis quam plures civitates et castella, omnes muros eorum in terra prostravit ("The aforementioned Waiofar, the Aquitainian prince—seeing that the castle of Clermont was taken by the warring king, and that Bourges, the head of Aquitaine, a most well fortified city, had been captured with [siege] machines, and that he could not bear [the king's] attack—laid to the ground all the walls of all the cities that belonged to him in the province of Aquitaine, that is, Poitiers, Limoges, Saintes, Périgueux, Angoulême and many other cities and castles.")
22. Lewis 1965, p. 27 n. 30.
23. Bachrach 1974, p. 13.
24. Wallace-Hadrill 1960.
25. Doniol 1853, pp. 47–48, doc. no. 25.
26. Lewis 1965, p. 16.
27. Lewis 1965, p. 17 n. 84.
28. Lewis 1965, p. 15 n. 71.
29. Lewis 1965, p. 7.
30. Bachrach 1974, pp. 11–12.
31. Lewis 1965, p. 10. Chunibert (Humbert) had Gascons in his garrison under Waiofar.
32. Bachrach 1974, p. 11, and cf. note 50 regarding a certain Count Gislarius of Bourges.
Sources
** Bachrach, Bernard (1974). "Military Organization in Aquitaine under the Early Carolingians". Speculum. 49 (1): 1–33. doi:10.2307/2856549. JSTOR 2856549.
** Collins, Roger (1989). The Arab Conquest of Spain, 710–97. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0631159231.
** Collins, Roger (1990). The Basques. London: Blackwell.
** Collins, Roger (1992). "The Vaccaei, the Vaceti, and the rise of Vasconia". Law, Culture and Regionalism in Early Medieval Spain. London: Variorum. ISBN 0860783081. Originally published in Studia Historica, VI (Salamanca, 1988).
** Curta, Florin (2006). "Merovingian and Carolingian Gift Giving". Speculum. 81 (3): 671–99. doi:10.1017/s0038713400015670.
** Doniol, Henri, ed. (1853). Cartulaire de Brioude [Liber de honoribus sancto Juliano collatis]. Clermont-Ferrand: Thibaud.
** Freising, Otto von (1966). Mierow, Charles Christopher, trans; Evans, Austin Patterson; Knapp, Charles (eds.) The Two Cities: A Chronicle of Universal History to the Year 1146 A.D. New York: Octagon Books.
** Lewis, Archibald Ross (1965). The Development of Southern French and Catalan Society, 718–1050. Austin: University of Texas Press.
** Oman, Charles (1914). The Dark Ages, 476–918. London: Rivingtons.
** Reimitz, Helmut (2015). History, Frankish Identity and the Framing of Western Ethnicity, 550–850. Cambridge University Press.
** Wallace-Hadrill, J. M., ed. (1960). The Fourth Book of the Chronicle of Fredegar. London: Thomas Nelson.
Further reading
** Rouche, Michel (1979). L'Aquitaine des Wisigoths aux Arabes, 418–781: Naissance d'une région. Paris: Editions Jean Touzot."^4,5 Waifar/Gaifier (?) duc d'Aquitaine et de Vasconie was also known as Waiofar/WAifre (?) duc d'Aquitaine et de Vasconie.^4,6 He and Adela/Adele (?) were Per Racines et Histoire: "Adela ép. Waifar (Waïfre, Waifarius, Guéfer) +X 02/06/768 (forêt de la Double) duc d’Aquitaine (dès 745) (fils d’Hunoald.)⁷" Waifar/Gaifier (?) duc d'Aquitaine et de Vasconie was Duc d'Aquitaine et de Vasconie (See attached map of Aquitaine and Vasconie ca 710-740 from Wikipedia: Par Cette image a été réalisée par Zorion (User:Zorion) et placée sous les licences ci-dessus. Vous êtes libre de la réutiliser, pour n'importe quelle utilisation, tant que vous me citez en tant qu'auteur, Wikimedia Commons en tant que site et suivez les instructions des licences.Si vous modifiez, transformez ou adaptez cette création, pourriez-vous avoir l'amabilité de me laisser un message sur cette page. Merci — Travail personnelMap from Garikoitz Estornés Zubizarreta Ducado de Vasconia (Auñamendi Eusko Entziklopedia), CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=34950847) between 745 and 768.⁶

     Adela/Adele (?) married Waifar/Gaifier (?) duc d'Aquitaine et de Vasconie, son of Hunoald I (?) duc d'Aquitaine et de Vasconie.⁴

      ; Per Med Lands:
     "[ADELA . The charter of Charles II "le Chauve" King of the West Franks dated 30 Jan 845 (probably spurious, as explained in the Introduction) names "Adelæ…Ducis Lupi filiæ" as mother of "Lupus"[18]. Her parentage and marriage have not been corroborated by other primary sources consulted.
     "m WAIFAR Duke of Aquitaine, son of HUNOALD Duke of Aquitaine & his wife --- (-killed in battle 2 Jun 768).]"
Med Lands cites: [18] RHGF, Tome VIII, pp. 470-4.⁵ Adela/Adele (?) was also known as Adela.⁵ She and Waifar/Gaifier (?) duc d'Aquitaine et de Vasconie were Per Racines et Histoire: "Adela ép. Waifar (Waïfre, Waifarius, Guéfer) +X 02/06/768 (forêt de la Double) duc d’Aquitaine (dès 745) (fils d’Hunoald.)¹"

     Loup II (?) Duke of Gascony/Duc de Vasconie died in 775; Murdered.¹
      ; Per Racines et Histoire: "Loup II + 775 ou 778 (ass.) duc gascon (cité comme duc dans une charte du 30/01/845 de Charles II «Le Chauve» ; est dit arrière petit-fils du duc Eudes ; aurait été pris par Charlemagne, étranglé et pendu)
     ép. ? (probable Princesse galicienne.)³"

; Per Med Lands:
     "LOUP, son of [HATTO & his wife Vandrade ---] (-murdered [775]). The charter of Charles II "le Chauve" King of the West Franks dated 30 Jan 845 (probably spurious, as explained in the Introduction) names "Lupo Duci" as son of "Hattonis Ducis"[5]. His parentage has not been corroborated by other primary sources consulted.
     "m ---. The name of Loup's wife is not known"
Med Lands cites: [5] RHGF, Tome VIII, pp. 470-4.¹

; NB: There seems to be some disagreement on this line.
A. Med Lands (Ref #1) shows the following lineage:
A.1.1-- > Adela (m. Waifar)
B. Wikipédia (Fr.), apparently based on research by Settipani [2004], shows the following lineage (see attached chart):
C. Racines et Histoire (citing and 845 charter - see below. See attached page from Racines et Histoire) shows:
C.1.1.2 |------- > Loup-Sancho (Sanche Loup)
C.1.1.3 |------- > Adela (m. Waifar)
     It is probable that the three Centule/Centule Loups 1st vcte Béarn (A.1.1.1.1.2, B.1.1.1.2 and C.1.1.1.1.2) are the same person. The major difference seems to be that Med Lands and Racined et Histoire have an extra generation (A.1.1 and C.1.1 -- > Adalric) inserted between the first Loup and the first Centule. Med Lands has a source for the existence of Adalric and the identification of this Aldaric as the father of Centule/Centulle, but it is based on a probably spurious charter of 845. Med Lands (Ref #2) states:
     The Wikipédia (Fr.) chart is based on the much more recent work of Settipani [2004].
Conclusion: I have decided to leave Aldaric as a son of Loup II, but then to show Centulle as also a son of Loup "II" (i.e., brother, not son, of Aldrari), following the lineage based on the work of Settipani [2004]. GA Vaut.^4,5,6,7,8,9

; Per Wikipédia (Fr.):
     "Loup II de Vasconie est duc de Vasconie de 769 à 7781.
Biographie
     "Il descend probablement de Loup Ier, duc d'Aquitaine et de Vasconie vers 675.
     "Il est cité en 769 quand son allié Hunald II, duc d’Aquitaine se réfugie dans ses domaines après avoir été vaincu par Charlemagne. Ne voulant pas subir le courroux du roi des Francs, Loup préfère livrer son allié aux Francs.
     "En 778, il est mis en cause par certains historiens2, se basant sur la fausse charte d'Alaon, dans la bataille de Roncevaux contre l’arrière-garde de l’armée de Charlemagne revenant du siège de Saragosse. Loup aurait payé cher cette bataille, popularisée dans la chanson de Roland, car le roi le fait prisonnier et il est exécuté après procès3. On ne sait pas quand il meurt. Son fils Sanche Loup est encore gardé en otage à la cour en 801.
Descendance
     "Il a eu au moins deux fils :
     "On peut également lui ajouter de manière hypothétique4 un troisième fils :
     "et deux filles :
[See attached image of family tree from Wikipedia]
Annexe
Bibliographie
** Christian Settipani, La Noblesse du Midi Carolingien, Oxford, Linacre College, Unit for Prosopographical Research, coll. « Occasional Publications / 5 », 2004, 388 p. (ISBN 1-900934-04-3), p. 77, 78 et 81
Articles connexes
** Liste des ducs de Gascogne: https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste_des_comtes_et_ducs_de_Gascogne
Notes et références
1. Jean de Jaurgain, La Vasconie : étude historique et critique sur les origines du royaume de Navarre, du duché de Gascogne, des comtés de Comminges, d'Aragon, de Foix, de Bigorre, d'Alava & de Biscaye, de la vicomté de Béarn et des grands fiefs du duché de Gascogne, t. 1, PyréMonde (Ed.Régionalismes), 1898, 447 p. (ISBN 2846181446 et 9782846181846, OCLC 492934726, lire en ligne [archive])
2. Jean Justin Monlezun, Histoire de la Gascogne, 1864 (lire en ligne [archive])
3. Renée Mussot-Goulard, Histoire de la Gascogne, vol. 462, Paris, Presses universitaires de France, coll. « Que sais-je ? », 1996, 127 p. (ISBN 2130475191 et 9782130475194, OCLC 395108634, notice BnF no FRBNF36687834, lire en ligne [archive])
4. Christian Settipani, La Noblesse du Midi Carolingien, Oxford, Linacre College, Unit for Prosopographical Research, coll. « Occasional Publications / 5 », 2004, 388 p. (ISBN 1-900934-04-3), p. 109"


Per Wikipedia:
     "Lupo II[1] (died 778) is the third-attested historical duke of Gascony (dux Vasconum or princeps[2]), appearing in history for the first time in 769. His ancestry is subject to scholarly debate.[3]
     "In 769, a final rising of the Aquitanians against Charlemagne and Carloman was put down and the rebel, Hunald II, was forced to flee to the court of Lupo in Gascony. Lupo had thitherto been his ally, lending him Gascon troops.[4] Lupo, however, did not desire to bring down upon himself the wrath of the Frankish kings and handed Hunald, along with his wife, over to Charlemagne. He himself did homage for his province, recognising Charlemagne's suzerainty.[5]
     "Lupo may have been a Basque, but perhaps a Frank or Roman (Aquitanian). The name Lupo ("wolf", otsoa in Basque) is a well attested totemic first name and surname widely spread across the whole Basque ethnic area in the early Middle Ages. He may have been a royal appointment of Pepin III (in 768),[6] but he may have been elected duke by the people. The extent of his territory is unknown. He may have ruled all of Aquitaine after 769, but that is not likely. His Gascony did border the Agenais and its northern border seems to have been the Garonne.[7] Bordeaux was not under his control, but that of a separate line of Carolingian-appointed counts.[8] His power may or may not have extended to the Pyrenees, but the trans-Pyrenean Basques were also under Carolingian suzerainty, as seen by Einhard's reference to Basque perfidia (treachery) at Roncesvalles. This region may have been part of Lupo's realm.[9] Lupo has nevertheless been implicated by some historians in the ambush of Roland.[10]
     "He died probably in 778.[11] His relationship to the previous dukes of Aquitaine-Vasconia and his successors is unclear. If he is to be regarded as related to subsequent Gascon dukes, which seems reasonable on the basis of patronymics, a genealogy can easily be constructed.[12] He was the father of Sancho, Seguin, Centule, and García (Garsand). All of his sons ruled Gascony at one time or another except García, who died in battle with Berengar of Toulouse in 819.[13] He may have had another son named Adalric, who was active in the reign of Chorso of Toulouse.
Notes
1. His name has many variants in other languages: Basque: Otsoa, French: Loup, Gascony: Lop, Latin: Lupus, Spanish: Lobo or Lope. It is the basis of the patronymic López. It may have been a Latinisation of the Basque word for "wolf", otso. However, it is an acceptable Latin or Frankish name in its own right (see Lupus).
2. "Astronomus", Vita Hludovici.
3. Lupo is frequently said to be related to dukes Odo the Great and Hunald I of Aquitaine. However, this is based on the spurious Charte d'Alaon. This discredits much of Monlezun's research.
4. Lewis, p 26.
5. Einhard.
6. Collins, p 110.
7. Lewis, p 28.
8. Lewis, p 38.
9. Collins, p 121, disagrees. As does Lacarra, pp 14 – 20, who separates Aquitaine, Gascony, the Narbonensis, and the Spanish Basque Country.
10. Lewis, p 38.
11. Collins, p 128. Estornés. FMG gives 775.
12. Collins, p 130.
13. Collins, p 129.
Sources
** Collins, Roger. The Basques. Blackwell Publishing: London, 1990.
** Einhard. Vita Karoli Magni. Translated by Samuel Epes Turner. New York: Harper and Brothers, 1880.
** Lewis, Archibald R. The Development of Southern French and Catalan Society, 718–1050. University of Texas Press: Austin, 1965.
** Lacarra, J. Vasconia medieval: Historia y Filología.
** Wallace-Hadrill, J. M., translator. The Fourth Book of the Chronicle of Fredegar with its Continuations. Greenwood Press: Connecticut, 1960.
** Estornés Lasa, Bernardo. Auñamendi Encyclopedia: Ducado de Vasconia.
** Cawley, Charles, Medieval Lands Project: Gascony., Medieval Lands database, Foundation for Medieval Genealogy,[self-published source][better source needed]
** Annales Laurissense, in Mon. Gen. Hist. Scriptores, I, 148.
** "Astronomus", Vita Hludovici imperatoris, ed. G. Pertz, ch. 2, in Mon. Gen. Hist. Scriptores, II, 608.
** Sedycias, João. História da Língua Espanhola.
** Monlezun, Jean Justin. Histoire de la Gascogne. 1864."¹⁰ Loup II (?) Duke of Gascony/Duc de Vasconie was also known as Loup II (?) Duc de Vasconie.¹⁰ GAV-35 EDV-37 GKJ-38. He was Duc de Vasconie between 768 and 778.¹⁰

     Adelrico (?) Duke of Gascony died in 812.
     ; NB: There seems to be some disagreement on this line.
A. Med Lands (Ref #1) shows the following lineage:
A.1.1-- > Adela (m. Waifar)
B. Wikipédia (Fr.), apparently based on research by Settipani [2004], shows the following lineage (see attached chart):
C. Racines et Histoire (citing and 845 charter - see below. See attached page from Racines et Histoire) shows:
C.1.1.2 |------- > Loup-Sancho (Sanche Loup)
C.1.1.3 |------- > Adela (m. Waifar)
     It is probable that the three Centule/Centule Loups 1st vcte Béarn (A.1.1.1.1.2, B.1.1.1.2 and C.1.1.1.1.2) are the same person. The major difference seems to be that Med Lands and Racined et Histoire have an extra generation (A.1.1 and C.1.1 -- > Adalric) inserted between the first Loup and the first Centule. Med Lands has a source for the existence of Adalric and the identification of this Aldaric as the father of Centule/Centulle, but it is based on a probably spurious charter of 845. Med Lands (Ref #2) states:
     The Wikipédia (Fr.) chart is based on the much more recent work of Settipani [2004].
Conclusion: I have decided to leave Aldaric as a son of Loup II, but then to show Centulle as also a son of Loup "II" (i.e., brother, not son, of Aldrari), following the lineage based on the work of Settipani [2004]. GA Vaut.^1,2,3,4,5,6

; Genealogy.EU (Iberia page 6) shows the father of both Inigo Jimenez and Garcia Jimenez to be one "Jimeno" and provide no further ancestry. I have another line that showed the father of Garcia Jimenez to be one "Adelrico, Duke of Gascony" (with no source citations). For display purposes, I have assumed Jimeno and Adelrico to be the same person, but without any proof of that. GA Vaut.^7,8

; Per Racines et Histoire: "Adalric +X duc gascon (partie occidentale) (bat les Toulousains du duc Chorson) ép. ?"⁵ Adelrico (?) Duke of Gascony was also known as Aldaric (?) Duke of Gascony/Duc de Vasconie. GAV-35.

     Garcia Jimenez (?) married Munia (?)
Garcia Jimenez (?) was born circa 785 at Gascony, France.
Garcia Jimenez (?) died in 816.
     GAV-34 EDV-34.

     Munia (?) married Garcia Jimenez (?), son of Jimeno/Scimino (?).
Munia (?) was born circa 785.
     GAV-34 EDV-34.

     Jimeno Garcia (?) married Iniga Ximena (?)
Jimeno Garcia (?) was born circa 815.
     GAV-33 EDV-33.

     Iniga Ximena (?) married Jimeno Garcia (?), son of Garcia Jimenez (?) and Munia (?).
Iniga Ximena (?) was born circa 815.
     GAV-33 EDV-33.

     Garcia II Jimenez (?) King of Pamplona was born circa 845. He married Urraca/Oneca Rebella (?) de Sanguesa, daughter of Sancho II Sánchez (?) duc de Vasconie, circa 860.¹
Garcia II Jimenez (?) King of Pamplona married Dadildis/Dadailidis (?), daughter of Lope I (Donat) (?) Cte de Bigorre and NN (?) de Toulouse, circa 884.¹

Garcia II Jimenez (?) King of Pamplona died after 890.
     GAV-32 EDV-32.

     Urraca/Oneca Rebella (?) de Sanguesa was born circa 845. She married Garcia II Jimenez (?) King of Pamplona, son of Jimeno Garcia (?) and Iniga Ximena (?), circa 860.¹

Urraca/Oneca Rebella (?) de Sanguesa died before 884.
     GAV-32 EDV-32.

     Sir Walter Leslie Earl of Ross married Eupheme de Ross suo jure Countess of Ross, daughter of William de Ross 5th Earl of Ross and Mary Macdonald, before 13 September 1365.^1,3,5

Sir Walter Leslie Earl of Ross died on 27 February 1382 at Perth, Perth and Kinross, Scotland.³
     Reference: van de Pas cites: The Complete Peerage, 1936 , Doubleday, H.A. & Lord Howard de Walden. XI 147.³

     Centulle Loup (?) died in 812.^1,4
     ; NB: There seems to be some disagreement on this line.
A. Med Lands (Ref #1) shows the following lineage:
A.1.1-- > Adela (m. Waifar)
B. Wikipédia (Fr.), apparently based on research by Settipani [2004], shows the following lineage (see attached chart):
C. Racines et Histoire (citing and 845 charter - see below. See attached page from Racines et Histoire) shows:
C.1.1.2 |------- > Loup-Sancho (Sanche Loup)
C.1.1.3 |------- > Adela (m. Waifar)
     It is probable that the three Centule/Centule Loups 1st vcte Béarn (A.1.1.1.1.2, B.1.1.1.2 and C.1.1.1.1.2) are the same person. The major difference seems to be that Med Lands and Racined et Histoire have an extra generation (A.1.1 and C.1.1 -- > Adalric) inserted between the first Loup and the first Centule. Med Lands has a source for the existence of Adalric and the identification of this Aldaric as the father of Centule/Centulle, but it is based on a probably spurious charter of 845. Med Lands (Ref #2) states:
     The Wikipédia (Fr.) chart is based on the much more recent work of Settipani [2004].
Conclusion: I have decided to leave Aldaric as a son of Loup II, but then to show Centulle as also a son of Loup "II" (i.e., brother, not son, of Aldrari), following the lineage based on the work of Settipani [2004]. GA Vaut.^5,2,6,7,8,9

; Per Med Lands:
     "[CENTULE (-[812]). The charter of Charles II "le Chauve" King of the West Franks dated 30 Jan 845 (probably spurious, as explained in the Introduction) names "Scimino et Centullo" as sons of "Adalrico"[13]. His parentage has not been corroborated by other primary sources consulted.
     "m ---. The name of Centule's wife is not known."
Med Lands cites: [13] RHGF; Tome VIII, pp. 470-4.⁴ GAV-35.

     Eudes I d'Oisy châtelain de Cambrai et seigneur d'Oisy was living in 780; Per Wikipedia (Fr.): "...nommé en 780 châtelain de Cambrai et seigneur d'Oisy par celui qui deviendra Charlemagne, en compensation de la perte de ses biens en Aquitaine.¹"

     Centulle III de Béarn vicomte de Béarn was born circa 920.⁵
Centulle III de Béarn vicomte de Béarn died in 1004; Wikipédia (Fr.) says d. 1004; Med Lands says d. aft 995.^1,3
      ; Per Med Lands:
     "CENTULE [III] de Béarn (-after [995]). His parentage is assumed to be confirmed by the patronymic attributed to him in the primary source quoted below. Vicomte de Béarn. "…Centuli Gastoni, Gastoni Centuli de Bearno…" signed the charter dated 993 under which "Willelmus Sancius comes" restored the monastery of Saint-Sever[16].
     "m ---. The name of Centule's wife is not known.
     "Centule [III] & his wife had [one child]:
Med Lands cites: [16] Jaurgain (1898), p. 396, and Buisson (1876), Tome I, pp. 151-9.³

Reference: Genealogics cites: Gran Enciclopedia Catalana, Barcelona 1970-1983, 16 volumes, genealogical tables by Armand de Fluvià.⁵

; Per Wikipedia (Fr.):
     "Centulle III († 1004) est un vicomte de Béarn de 984 à 1004, fils de Gaston Ier.
Biographie
     "Peu de choses sur sa vie nous sont parvenues.
     "D'une épouse inconnue, il laisse :
Bibliographie
** De La Chenaye- Desbois et Badier, Dictionnaire de la noblesse page 605, ed. Schlesinger frères, 1863.
** Pierre de Marca, Histoire de Béarn, contenant l'origine des rois de Navarre, des ducs de Gascogne., page 290, ed. Veuve Jean Camusat, 1640
** Foundation for Medieval Genealogy : vicomtes de Béarn [archive]
Articles connexes
** Liste des vicomtes de Béarn: https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste_des_vicomtes_de_B%C3%A9arn."¹ He was vicomte de Béarn. (See attached map of Béarn within the duché de Vasconie from Wikipedia: Par Cette image a été réalisée par Zorion (User:Zorion) et placée sous les licences ci-dessus. Vous êtes libre de la réutiliser, pour n'importe quelle utilisation, tant que vous me citez en tant qu'auteur, Wikimedia Commons en tant que site et suivez les instructions des licences.Si vous modifiez, transformez ou adaptez cette création, pourriez-vous avoir l'amabilité de me laisser un message sur cette page. Merci — Travail personnelRedrawed from Map fr duchy of Gascony 1150.svgLe royaume de France entre 1154 et 1184, Historical Atlas, William R. Shepherd, 1911, sur le site de l'université du Texas, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=30242926) between 984 and 1004.¹ He was living in 993.⁵

     Sancho I Loup (?) Duke of Gascony/Duc de Vasconie died before 812.⁴
      ; Per Med Lands:
     "SANCHO (-[before 812]). His name is known from the patronymic attributed to his son. According to Jaurgain, Sancho was the son of Loup Duke of Gascony whom he succeeded but he cites no primary source on which he bases his assertion[34]. The poem of Ermold le Noir names "Loup-Sancion" and records that "Sancion prince des Gascons" (apparently referring to the same person) was brought up at the court of Charles I King of the Franks and swore fidelity to him[35]. This would seem to be the only reference in primary sources to Sancho.
     "m ---. The name of Sancho's wife is not known. Sancho & his wife had three children:
Med Lands cites: GAV-34.

; Per Racines et Histoire: "Loup-Sancho (Sanche Loup) duc des Gascons (800/801) +X 816 (Wadi-Arun.)⁶"

; Per Wikipédia (Fr.):
     "Sanche Ier Loup est duc de Vasconie de 800 à 812 et surnommé « le meilleur cavalier de Pampelune »1. Il cède le pouvoir à son frère Semen Ier Loup avant de mourir en 816 dans une bataille contre les Maures2.
Biographie
     "Il est le fils du duc Loup II de Vasconie3.
     "En 778, celui-ci est à la tête des hommes qui attaquent l'arrière-garde de l'armée de Charlemagne à Roncevaux. En représailles, Charlemagne fait emprisonner Loup II qui meurt peu après et emmener ses fils Sanche Loup et Garcia Loup4 qui sont élevés à la cour.
     "En 781, Charlemagne fait roi d'Aquitaine son fils Louis, alors âgé de trois ans. Quelques années après, Sanche Loup est ramené en Aquitaine. Louis lui rend le duché de Vasconie en 800.
     "Après la mort de Loup II, père de Semen Ier, les Vascons avaient élevé au pouvoir l'un de ses fils, Loup Sanche Ier qui reconnut la suzeraineté de Charlemagne et prit part, contre son sentiment mais par fidélité, à l'expédition organisée par le roi d'Aquitaine contre Barcelone en 801.
     "Mais cette reconnaissance fut de courte durée puisqu'en 802, Pampelune avait fait allégeance à l'émir de Cordoue Al-Hakam. Les Vascons prirent parti pour lui contre Louis le Débonnaire, fils de Charlemagne, et reconnurent sa suzeraineté. En 806, les chroniques franques confirment cette reconnaissance mais quelques années auparavant se remirent sous la domination des Francs2.
     "La mort du vascon Bergon, comte de Fezensac permet aux Francs de choisir un des leurs, Liuthard, mais rend très mécontents les Vascons qui se révoltèrent contre le nouveau comte en tuant une partie de ses hommes dont certains par le feu. Louis le Débonnaire appliqua la loi du talion en brûlant les principaux rebelles à la diète de Toulouse2.
     "Il participe à d'autres expéditions entre 804 et 812.
     "Quand Louis le Pieux succède à Charlemagne en 814, Sanche Loup reste en Aquitaine.
     "En 816, se forme une coalition de seigneurs chrétiens contre les Musulmans d'Espagne. Les deux armées se heurtent lors de la bataille de Pancorbo[6]5qui dure treize jours. Sanche Loup est tué au cours de cette bataille, ainsi que son frère Garcia Loup.
     "On raconte[réf. nécessaire]6 que l'empereur Louis en fut fort attristé, car Sanche Loup avait été pendant des années un compagnon d'armes fort fiable.
Mariage et descendance
     "Son épouse n'est pas connue. Il s'agit peut-être une sœur d'Aznar Ier Galíndez, comte d'Aragon, le prénom « Aznar » apparaissant dans la maison de Vasconie parmi ses fils. Mais il pourrait aussi s'agir d'une fille du comte de Toulouse[réf. nécessaire].
     "De ce mariage, naîtront :
     "Il est possible qu'il y ait eu deux autres filles, mais cela reste hypothétique :
[See attached genealogical chart from original Wikipédia article]
Bibliographie
** Christian Settipani, La Noblesse du Midi Carolingien, Oxford, Linacre College, Unit for Prosopographical Research, coll. « Occasional Publications / 5 », 2004, 388 p. (ISBN 1-900934-04-3), p. 78 et 81
** Renée Mussot-Goulard, Histoire de la Gascogne, vol. 462, Paris, Presses universitaires de France, coll. « Que sais-je ? », 1996, 127 p. (ISBN 2130475191 et 9782130475194, OCLC 395108634, notice BnF no FRBNF36687834, lire en ligne [archive])
Liens internes
** Liste des ducs de Gascogne: https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste_des_comtes_et_ducs_de_Gascogne
Notes et références
1. Pierre Narbaitz, Nabarra : ou, Quand les Basques avaient des rois, Pampelune / Bayonne, Diffusion « Zabal », 1978, 637 p. (ISBN 8439964927 et 9788439964926, OCLC 4807413), p. 39
2. Jean de Jaurgain, La Vasconie : étude historique et critique sur les origines du royaume de Navarre, du duché de Gascogne, des comtés de Comminges, d'Aragon, de Foix, de Bigorre, d'Alava & de Biscaye, de la vicomté de Béarn et des grands fiefs du duché de Gascogne, t. 1, PyréMonde (Ed.Régionalismes), 1898, 447 p. (ISBN 2846181446 et 9782846181846, OCLC 492934726, lire en ligne [archive])
3. Dans la nomenclature gasconne, le second nom de quelqu'un est le premier nom de son père.
4. Garcia Loup deviendra comte de Dax.
5. (ar) Ibn Hayyan, Al-Muqtabis fi Tarikh al-Andalus
6. Il faudrait citer la source. S'agit-il d'une chronique d'époque, ou d'une légende locale ?"


Per Wikipedia:
     "Sancho I López or Lupus Sancho (also Lupo; Basque: Antso Otsoa,[1] French: Sanche Loup, Gascony: Sans Lop, Spanish: Sancho Lobo or Lope) was a Duke of Gascony between the years 801 and 812.
     "His parentage is unknown, but onomastics and chronology indicate that he may have been a son of Lupus II.[2] This is especially likely if the early dukes of Gascony are to be regarded as related.
     "Sancho first appears (as Lupus Sancho) in the historical record as dux "of the Vascones."[3] This means that he was almost certainly a Basque. He was a leader of the army of Louis the Pious which besieged and took Barcelona in 801. He was probably the leader of the Gascon contingent. Ermoldus Niger celebrates him in a poem as a nutritus of Charlemagne, perhaps indicating that he was raised at the Frankish king's court.[4] This has led to speculation that he was initially sent by Charlemagne to pacify the Gascons and be their duke: a royal Frankish appointee.[5]
     "He was the probable elder brother of Lupus Centule, Seguin I, and Garsand (García) and father of Aznar and Sancho II.[citation needed] It is possible that Sancha, the wife of Emenon, was his daughter or granddaughter. Sancho died on an unknown date before 812 and was probably succeeded by his brother Seguin. He has been reputed as the father of Dhuoda.
Notes
1. There are many variants of his Basque name, see nomenclature.
2. Collins, p 130.
3. Einhard.
4. Collins, p 129.
5. Sedycias.
Sources
** Collins, Roger. The Basques. Blackwell Publishing: London, 1990.
** Einhard. Annales Regni Francorum.
** Lewis, Archibald R. The Development of Southern French and Catalan Society, 718–1050. University of Texas Press: Austin, 1965.
** Astronomus. Vita Hludovici imperatoris, ed. G. Pertz, ch. 2, in Mon. Gen. Hist. Scriptores, II, 608.
** Chronicle of Moissac.
** Ermoldus Nigellus. Carmina in honorem Hludovici, ed. E. Dummier, I, in Mon. Ger. Hist. Scriptores, I, 472-475.
** Cawley, Charles, Medieval Lands Project: Gascony., Medieval Lands database, Foundation for Medieval Genealogy,[self-published source][better source needed]
** Sedycias, João. História da Língua Espanhola.
** Monlezun, Jean Justin. Histoire de la Gascogne. 1864."^7,1 Sancho I Loup (?) Duke of Gascony/Duc de Vasconie was also known as Sancho I López (?)⁷ Sancho I Loup (?) Duke of Gascony/Duc de Vasconie was also known as Sánchez. Sancho I Loup (?) Duke of Gascony/Duc de Vasconie was also known as Loup-Sancho (?) Duc des Gascons/Vasconie.⁶
; NB: See Racines et Histoire (Gascogne, p. 3) for a possible link to Sancho Sanchez, son of Loup-Sancho. Diagram from Racines et Histoire is attached.⁶ He was Duc de Vasconie (See attached map of Vasconie ca 740 - from Wikipedia: Par Cette image a été réalisée par Zorion (User:Zorion) et placée sous les licences ci-dessus. Vous êtes libre de la réutiliser, pour n'importe quelle utilisation, tant que vous me citez en tant qu'auteur, Wikimedia Commons en tant que site et suivez les instructions des licences.Si vous modifiez, transformez ou adaptez cette création, pourriez-vous avoir l'amabilité de me laisser un message sur cette page. Merci — Travail personnelMap from Garikoitz Estornés Zubizarreta Ducado de Vasconia (Auñamendi Eusko Entziklopedia), CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=34980820) between 801 and 812.^8,9