Person Page - 708

     Sancho II Sánchez (?) duc de Vasconie was born between 825 and 835.⁴
Sancho II Sánchez (?) duc de Vasconie died between 854 and 864; Wikipedia and Racines et Histoire says d. 854-864; Med Lands says d. 855.^2,5,6
Sancho II Sánchez (?) duc de Vasconie died before 893.⁴
      ; Per Med Lands:
     "SANCHO "Mitarra/Menditarra" ([825/35]-before 893). The parentage of Sancho is unclear from the primary sources. Although the patronymic of his son Garcia indicates his father's name, Settipani states that there is no proof that Sancho was related to the previous dukes of Gascony who are shown above[72]. However, a clue is provided by the undated charter, under which Sancho’s great-grandson "dominus Willelmus Sancii comes Gasconiorum" donated property to the abbey of Saint-Vincent-de-Lucq[73]. The document records that "quomodo venisset de Hispania avus domni Willelmi ubi se contulerat pater eius tempore domni Ludovici imperatoris" ("the grandfather of seigneur Guillaume had come from Spain where his father had taken refuge at the time of emperor Louis")[74]. The "avus domni Willelmi" was Count Garcia [I] Sanchez, so the latter's own father would have been Sancho. The document also states that the consanguinity of Guillaume Sancho with Gaston Centule Vicomte de Béarn was proved: "quidem Rex" (which from the context appears to refer to Sancho) invested "avo Vicecomitis [Gasto Centuli Vicecomes Bearnensis], qui erat de eius progenie" with "hac patria". This statement provides a strong suggestion that Sancho and his son were related to the previous dukes of Gascony, from whom the vicomtes de Béarn were probably descended although the documentation which proves this relationship has not survived. Another perspective is provided by the Genealogica Comitum Guasconiæ which records that "maxima pars nobilium virorum Guasconiæ" left for "Hispaniam ad Consulem Castellæ" (presumably during the time of Emperor Louis I, although this is not stated in the document), that "Sancius Mitarra, minimus filiorum eius" returned to Gascony, where he was made "Consul" and had a son "Mitarra-Sancius" who was father of "Garsiam-Sancium Curvum"[75]. The distinction between the two persons "Sancius Mitarra" and "Mitarra Sancius" appears unlikely from a chronological point of view, especially given the patronymic assigned to Comte Garcia [I] in other sources (see below). Sancho’s birth date is estimated from the estimated birth date of his son. The charter of Saint-Vincent-de-Lucq, quoted above, suggests that Sancho must have been invested as Duke of Gascony in the latter half of the 9th century, maybe in 864 after the death of Duke Arnaud. The document refers to him as "Rex". It is unclear why he should have been accorded this title. However, as noted below, the same title is referred to in a charter dated to [920] in which his son calls himself "Garsias Sanctii consul filius regis Sancii"[76]. This document presumably provided the basis on which Monlezun states that Sancho was the third son of "Garsias-Ximenes" king of Pamplona, and that he eventually succeeded as king of Navarre after 901[77], although he cites no primary sources. It appears improbable from a chronological point of view that Sancho could have been the same person as Sancho I García King of Navarre, whose succession in Navarre is dated to 905 and death to 925. The surprising conclusion appears to be that Sancho, father of Garcia [I], was referred to in contemporary documentation as "king" by way of honorific title.
     "m ---. The name of Sancho's wife is not known.
     "Sancho & his wife had two children:
Med Lands cites:

; Per Med Lands:
     "SANCHO Sancho (-[855]). The Annales Bertiniani record that "fraterque illius Sancio-Sanci" occupied "citerioris Wasconia", against the wishes of King Pepin, after the death of "Azenarius quoque citerioris Wasconiæ comes" in 836[54]. Comte de Gascogne. The Annales Bertiniani record that "Sancius comes Vasconiæ" was captured in 852 by "Pippinum, Pippini filium"[55]. Duke of Gascony. The Sebastiani Chronicon records that "Muza quidem nomine Gothus, se ritu Mahamentiano…deceptus" invaded southern France and captured "duos…Francorum magnos duces…Sancionem et…Epulonem" and imprisoned them in chains[56]. The Histoire Générale de Languedoc dates the event to 850[57]. Jaurgain considers that this is incorrect and redates the event to Oct 853[58]. The Sebastiani Chronicon records that Charles II "le Chauve" King of the West Franks bought peace from Musa, after which the captives were released[59]. According to Jaurgain, Sancho died "vers 855" but he cites no primary source on which this is based[60]."
Med Lands cites:
; NB: See Racines et Histoire (Gascogne, p. 3) for a possible link to Sancho Sanchez, son of Loup-Sancho. Diagram from Racines et Histoire is attached.⁶ GAV-29.

; Per Wikipedia:
     "Sancho II Sánchez or Sans II Sancion[1] (died sometime between 854 and 864) succeeded his brother Aznar Sánchez as count of Vasconia Citerior (Gascony) in 836, in spite of the objections of Pepin I, King of Aquitaine.
     "After Pepin's death in 838, confusion enveloped southern Gaul. Most Aquitainian counts elected Pepin II as their king, but Emperor Louis the Pious, urged by his wife Judith, redivided his vast realm at Worms in May 839, granting all of Aquitaine, Gascony, Septimania, and the Hispanic March to his youngest son, Charles the Bald. Louis sent an imperial army into the Limousin and then installed his son at Poitiers. The partisans of Pepin were defeated and Louis proceeded to appoint new counts in new districts. One Seguin was appointed in Bordeaux to counter Sancho, now acting virtually alone.
     "Seguin was appointed dux Wasconum by Louis the Pious—that is, duke of the march guarding the frontier with the Gascons, led by Sancho, most probably a Basque himself. Seguin was killed later that year in a battle against the Vikings. In 848, Bordeaux was left without a leader after the withdrawal of the Vikings. It is not known for sure if Sancho took possession of the city, but it is certainly possible. Historian Ferdinand Lot supposed that Sancho was even nominated as duke at Limoges or Orléans by Charles the Bald in that year.[2] He certainly submitted by 850.[3] With his brother-in-law Emenon, Count of Périgord, the husband of his sister Sancha, Sancho was captured by the dissident Moorish chieftain Musa. Charles negotiated their release and in turn Sancho handed over Pepin II when the latter took refuge in Gascony in September 852.[4]
     "In or before 864, Sancho died and the duchy of Gascony passed to his nephew Arnold, son of Emenon. The later duke García Sánchez may have been his son.
Notes
1. His name appears in many forms: French Sanche-Sanchez, Gascon Sans Sancion, and Castilian as Sancho Sanción or Sánchez.
2. Higounet, 39 n57.
3. Lewis, 98.
4. Higounet, 39. The chronology here is confused and the chief Moorish offensive should probably be dated to 856, leaving open the sequence and veracity of the related event.
Sources
Primary
-- Pertz, G, ed. Chronici Fontanellensis fragmentum in Mon. Ger. Hist. Scriptores, Vol. II.
-- Pertz, G, ed. Chronicum Aquitanicum in Mon. Ger. Hist. Scriptores, Vol. II.
-- Waitz, E, ed. Annales Bertiniani. Hanover: 1883.
Secondary
-- Higounet, Charles. Bordeaux pendant le haut moyen age. Bordeaux, 1963.
-- Lewis, Archibald R. The Development of Southern French and Catalan Society, 718–1050. University of Texas Press: Austin, 1965."


Wikipédia (Fr.):
     "Sanche II Sanche, (en gascon Sans Sancion, en basque Antso), (mort en 864) est un comte de Vasconie citérieure. Il succéda à son frère Aznar Sanche en 836, malgré l'opposition du roi Pépin d'Aquitaine.
     "À la mort de Pépin en 838, les barons aquitains élurent Pépin II pour lui succéder, mais l'empereur Louis le Pieux donna à Worms en 839 l'Aquitaine en partage à son fils Charles le Chauve. Ce dernier nomma Seguin II comte de Bordeaux afin de contrer les prétentions indépendantes de Sanche.
     "En 845, Séguin rejoignit le parti de Pépin, qui le fit dux Wasconum, c'est-à-dire duc responsable de la marche vasconne, pour garder la frontière contre les Vascons de Sanche, mais il mourut la même année contre les Vikings.
     "En 848, quand les Vikings se retirèrent, Bordeaux resta sans défense. On suppose que Sanche en profita pour occuper la ville, mais il se soumit et fut nommé duc de Vasconie par Charles le Chauve, peut-être en 848, mais certainement au plus tard en 850.
     "Quand il fut capturé avec son beau-frère Émenon de Poitiers par le chef maure Musa ibn Musa, l'empereur Charles négocia leur libération : en échange, Sanche s'empara de Pépin II quand celui-ci chercha refuge en Vasconie en septembre 852.
     "Sanche mourut en 864 et le duché de Vasconie passa à son neveu Arnaud, le fils d'Émenon. Il se peut qu'il soit le père du successeur d'Arnaud Garcia II Sanche. Son tombeau se situe dans le prieuré Saint Orens d'Auch.
[See attached genealogical chart from original arfticle.]²" Sancho II Sánchez (?) duc de Vasconie was also known as Sancho 'Mitarra/Menditarra' (?) Duc de Gascogne.⁴ He was Ducs de Vasconie (vassaux des Francs et du Royaume d'Aquitaine)
Per Wikipédia (Fr.): "836-855 : Sanche II Sanche de Vasconie Menditarra ou Mitarra († 864), comte puis duc (en 851) de Gascogne, frère du précédent13. "
Source: Christian Settipani, Ibid, page 79-81.
(See attached map of Vasconie ca 740 - from Wikipedia: Par Cette image a été réalisée par Zorion (User:Zorion) et placée sous les licences ci-dessus. Vous êtes libre de la réutiliser, pour n'importe quelle utilisation, tant que vous me citez en tant qu'auteur, Wikimedia Commons en tant que site et suivez les instructions des licences.Si vous modifiez, transformez ou adaptez cette création, pourriez-vous avoir l'amabilité de me laisser un message sur cette page. Merci — Travail personnelMap from Garikoitz Estornés Zubizarreta Ducado de Vasconia (Auñamendi Eusko Entziklopedia), CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=34980820) between 836 and 855.

     Margaret Stewart Heiress of Buchan married George Seton of Seton, 1st Baron Seton, son of Sir William Seton of Seton and Janet Dunbar, in 1436
; his 1st wife, Burke's says m. 1436; van de Pas says m. "bef 8 Jan 1437.^1,3 "
Margaret Stewart Heiress of Buchan died before 8 January 1461.²
      ; Leo van de Pas cites: The Lineage and Ancestry of H. R. H. Prince Charles, Prince of Wales, Edinburgh, 1977, Paget, Gerald, Reference: vol I page 159.²

     Alexander Leslie 7th Earl of Ross married Lady Isabel Stewart, daughter of Robert Stewart 1st Duke of Albany and Margaret Graham Countess of Menteith (suo juris), before 1398
; her 1st husband.⁵
Alexander Leslie 7th Earl of Ross died on 8 May 1402 at Dingwall.²
      ; van de Pas cites: 1. The Lineage and Ancestry of H.R.H. Prince Charles, Prince of Wales, Edinburgh, 1977, Paget, Gerald, Reference: Vol I 159.
2. The Complete Peerage, 1936, Doubleday, H. A. & Lord Howard de Walden, Reference: XI 148.²

     James Stewart 1st of Fothergill married Jean Menzies of Fothergill, daughter of Alexander Menzies of Fothergill and Jean (?) de Atholia.^1,5,3

     Reference:
Genealogics cites: Historic Memoirs of the Stewarts of Fothergill, Edinburgh, 1879., Stewart, Charles Poyntz. GT1.³

; James; m Janet, dau and heiress of Alexander Menzies of Fothergill (by his wife Janet, dau of Robert of Atholl, 2nd Ch of Clan Donnachaidh), and had issue (with a dau m Patrick Rattray of that Ilk, 9t.¹ James Stewart 1st of Fothergill was living on 24 December 1409.³

     Jean Menzies of Fothergill married James Stewart 1st of Fothergill, son of Alexander "Wolf of Badenoch" Stewart Earl of Buchan, Lord Badenoch and Mariot Athyn.^2,1,4

     Reference:
Genealogics cites: Historic Memoirs of the Stewarts of Fothergill, Edinburgh, 1879., Stewart, Charles Poyntz. GT1.¹ Jean Menzies of Fothergill was also known as Janet Menzies.²

     Alexander Menzies of Fothergill married Jean (?) de Atholia, daughter of Robert (?) of Atholl, 2nd Ch of Clan Donnachaidh.^1,3

     Jean (?) de Atholia married Alexander Menzies of Fothergill, son of Thomas Menzies of Fothergill.^2,3

     Reference:
Genealogics cites: Historic Memoirs of the Stewarts of Fothergill, Edinburgh, 1879., Stewart, Charles Poyntz. front tree.¹ Jean (?) de Atholia was also known as Janet (?)²

     Chilperic I (?) King of Soissons and Paris was born in 523; Genealogics says b. ca 539; Genealogy.EU Merove 1 page says b. 523; Med Lands says b.l bef 535.^1,2,3 He married Audovera (?) circa 549
;
His 1st wife.^7,1,8,2,3 Chilperic I (?) King of Soissons and Paris married Galsvintha/Galsonte (?), daughter of Athanagild/Atanagildo (?) King of the Visigoths and Galswinthe of The Vandals (?), between 564 and 567
;
His 2nd wife.^7,2,9,1,3 Chilperic I (?) King of Soissons and Paris married Fredegonde (?) in 568
;
His 3rd wife.^7,2,1,3,10
Chilperic I (?) King of Soissons and Paris died between 27 September 584 and 9 October 584 at Royal Villa of Chelles, Soissons, Departement de l'Aisne, Picardie, France;
Murdered.
     Per Find A Grave: "In September 584, while returning from a hunting expedition to his royal villa of Chelles, Chilperic was stabbed to death by an unknown assailant."^7,2,1,11,3
Chilperic I (?) King of Soissons and Paris was buried in September 584 at Saint-Germain-des-Prés Church (Abbaye Sainte-Croix-Saint-Vincent), Paris, City of Paris, Île-de-France, France (now); From Find A Grave:
     BIRTH     unknown, Germany
     DEATH     Sep 584, Soissons, Departement de l'Aisne, Picardie, France
     When Clotaire I died in 561, his kingdom was divided, in accordance with Frankish custom, among his four sons: Sigebert became king of the northeastern portion, known as Austrasia, with its capital at Rheims, to which he added further territory on the death of his brother, Charibert, in 567 or 568; Charibert himself had received the kingdom centred on Paris; Guntram received the Kingdom of Burgundy with its capital at Orléans; and the youngest son, the aforementiond Chilperic, received Soissons, which became Neustria when he received his share of Charibert's kingdom. Incursions by the Avars, a fierce nomadic tribe related to the Huns, caused Sigebert to move his capital from Rheims to Metz. He repelled their attacks twice, in 562 and c. 568.
     Most of what is known of Chilperic comes from The History of the Franks by Gregory of Tours. Gregory detested Chilperic, calling him "the Nero and Herod of his time" (VI.46): he had provoked Gregory's wrath by wresting Tours from Austrasia, seizing ecclesiastical property, and appointing as bishops counts of the palace who were not clerics. Gregory also objected to Chilperic's attempts to teach a new doctrine of the Trinity.
     Chilperic's reign in Neustria saw the introduction of the Byzantine punishment of eye-gouging. Yet, he was also a man of culture: he was a musician of some talent, and he wrote verse (modelled on that of Sedulius); he attempted to reform the Frankish alphabet; and he worked to reduce the worst effects of Salic law upon women.
     In September 584, while returning from a hunting expedition to his royal villa of Chelles, Chilperic was stabbed to death by an unknown assailant. (His son, Clothar, died on 18 October 629 at age 45, and was buried, like his father, in the Saint Vincent Basilica of Paris, later incorporated in the Saint- Germain -des- Prés).
     Family Members
     Parents
      Clothaire I 497–561
      Aregund of Thuringia
     Spouse
      Fredegonde 550–597
     Half Siblings
      Charibert I de Paris 517–567
      Sigebert I d'Austrasia 535–575
     Children
      Chlothar II King Of The Franks 584–629
     BURIAL     Saint-Germain-des-Prés Church, Paris, City of Paris, Île-de-France, France
     Created by: Memerizion
     Added: 31 Mar 2015
     Find A Grave Memorial 144413817.¹¹
     GAV-39 EDV-39.

; Per Genealogics:
     “When his father died, in the divison of his lands Chilperich I received the poorest region, the kingdom of Soissons. However, when his half-brother Charibert died, he received the better parts of his lands.
     “He repudiated his wife to be able to marry the Visigoth princess Galsvintha, but then murdered the latter to marry Fredegunde, his mistress. This sparked a family feud as his half-brother Sigebert I was married to Galsvintha's sister.
     “Attacked and defeated by Sigebert I, he seemed vanquished until Fredegunde had Sigebert I murdered. Chilperich then tried to take his lands but was prevented by another half-brother, Guntram, King of Burgundy.
     “First he tried to form an alliance with Childebert II, son of Sigebert I, but this lasted about two years and then he made peace with his half-brother Guntram. A year later Chilperich fell victim to an unknown assassin, leaving a four-month-old son, Chlotar II. Ambitious, brutal and debauched, Chilperich nevertheless had pretensions of being a man of learning; he wrote poor poetry, became involved in theological matters, and ordered four letters to be added to the alphabet. Regarding the church as a major rival to his wealth, he treated the bishops with hostility and contempt. At the same time, he had a reputation for injustice toward his subjects at large and imposed heavy taxes.”.²

Reference: Genealogics cites:


; This is the same person as:
”Chilperic I” at Wikipedia and as
”Chilpéric Ier (roi des Francs)” at Wikipédia (Fr.)^6,13

; Per Genealogy.EU (Merovingians): “[2m.] Chilperich I, *ca 523, +murdered 27.9./9.10.584, King of Soissons (561-584) and of Paris (568-584), he took Poitou, Limousin and Touraine 576; 1m: ca 549 Audovere N (+murdered 580), reputiated; 2m: 567 Galsonte N (+568); 3m: Fredegonde N (*Montdidier 546, +Paris 597); for his issue see http://genealogy.euweb.cz/merove/merove2.html”.¹

; Per Med Lands:
     "CHILPERICH, son of CLOTAIRE I [Chlothachar] King of the Franks & his fourth wife Arnegundis (before 535-murdered Chelles [27 Sep/9 Oct] 584, bur Paris, Saint-Germain-des-Prés). Gregory of Tours names Chilperich as the son of King Clotaire and his wife Aregonde[314]. He succeeded his father in 561 as CHILPERICH I King of the Franks, his territories covering those previously held by his father, with Soissons as his capital[315]. The Marii Episcopi Aventicensis Chronica records that "filii ipsius Charibertus, Guntegramnus, Hilpericus et Sigibertus" divided the kingdom between them on the death of their father in 561[316]. Gregory of Tours records that King Chilperich was forced to flee by his half-brother King Sigebert who conquered his territories[317]. He captured Neustria on the death of his brother King Charibert. Gregory of Tours records the murder of King Chilperich at Chelles and his burial in the church of St Vincent in Paris[318].
     "m firstly ([549]) AUDOVERE, daughter of --- (-murdered 580). Gregory of Tours names Audovera as one of the earlier consorts of King Chilperich[319]. Herimannus records that "Audoveram reginam commatrem suam [=Geislundam]" was strangled by her husband's concubine "Fridegundis"[320]. Gregory of Tours records that the mother of Clovis was "murdered in the most cruel fashion"[321], dated to late 580 from the context.
     "m secondly (564) GALSWINTHA of the Visigoths, daughter of ATANAGILDO King of the Visigoths & his wife Gosvinta --- (-murdered [567]). Gregory of Tours records the marriage of King Chilperich and Galswintha, older daughter of King Atanagildo, after the marriage of King Sigebert to her younger sister, specifying that she converted from Arianism to Catholicism and came to France with a large dowry, but never stopped complaining to the king about the insults she had to endure, her husband eventually having her garrotted by one of his servants[322]. Herimannus names "Geisluindam, sororem Brunæ [filiam Athanagildi regis Gothorum]" as wife of "Hilpericus frater Sigibertus rex", recording that she was strangled by her husband's concubine "Fridegundis"[323].
     "m thirdly (568) FREDEGONDE, daughter of --- (-597, bur Paris, Saint-Germain-des-Prés). Gregory of Tours records that King Chilperich married Frédégonde before his marriage to Galswintha, specifying that a great quarrel ensued between the two of them[324]. It is assumed that this indicates that Frédégonde was the king's mistress before his second marriage. She plotted actively in favour of her sons at the expense of her husband's children by his first marriage. It is likely that she ordered the murder of her brother-in-law King Sigebert I. According to the 8th century source, Liber Historiae Francorum, she murdered her husband after he discovered that she was having an affair[325]. She was regent for her son King Clotaire II after his succession in 584. Fredegar records that Frédégonde died "in the second year of the reign of Theodebert"[326]."
Med Lands cites: He was King of Soissons
See attached map of French kingdoms ca 561 (from Wikipedia: Par Romain0 — Travail personnel sur un fond de carte de historicair : Image:Blank map of Gaul 1st century BC.svg. D'après Paul Vidal de La Blache, Gaule à la mort de Clotaire (561) Image:Division of Gaul - 561.jpg, Atlas général d'histoire et de géographie (1894), Frédéric Armand, Chilpéric Ier, La Louve éditions, 2008, p. 77 et Bruno Dumézil, La reine Brunehaut, éditions Fayard, 2008, p. 536., Domaine public, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=9732597) between 561 and 584.^4,7,1,14 The marriage of Chilperic I (?) King of Soissons and Paris and Audovera (?) was annulled circa 567; repudiated.^7,8,2 Chilperic I (?) King of Soissons and Paris was King of Paris
See attached map of French kingdoms ca 561 (from Wikipedia: Par Romain0 — Travail personnel sur un fond de carte de historicair : Image:Blank map of Gaul 1st century BC.svg. D'après Paul Vidal de La Blache, Gaule à la mort de Clotaire (561) Image:Division of Gaul - 561.jpg, Atlas général d'histoire et de géographie (1894), Frédéric Armand, Chilpéric Ier, La Louve éditions, 2008, p. 77 et Bruno Dumézil, La reine Brunehaut, éditions Fayard, 2008, p. 536., Domaine public, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=9732597) between 568 and 584.^1,14

     Fredegonde (?) was born in 546 at Montdidier, France (now); Genealogics says b. 543; Genealogy.EU Merove 2 page says b. 546; Find A Grave says b. 550.^2,3,4 She married Chilperic I (?) King of Soissons and Paris, son of Clothaire I "le Vieux" (?) King of Soissons, King of the Franks and Aregunde (?) Queen of the Franks, in 568
;
His 3rd wife.^2,5,6,7,4
Fredegonde (?) died in 597 at Paris, City of Paris, Île-de-France, France (now).^2,3,4
Fredegonde (?) was buried in 597 at Saint-Germain-des-Prés Church (Abbaye Sainte-Croix-Saint-Vincent), Saint-Denis, Departement de Seine-Saint-Denis, Île-de-France, France (now); From Find A Grave:
     BIRTH     550
     DEATH     597 (aged 46–47)
     Frankish Queen. Also known as Fredegund. Born a servant, she served at court where she caught the eye of the king. King Chilperic repudiated his first wife, Audovera, and took Fredegund as his concubine. He married his sister-in-law, Galswintha, however, a Visigoth princess c. 568. At Fredegund’s instigation, Chilperic strangled his wife after only about a year of marriage. Days after the murder, Chilperic married Fredegund. The late queen’s sister, Brunhilde who was married to Chilperic’s half brother Sigebert, so hated Fredegund for her role in the death of her sister and the hatred was so fiercely reciprocated, that the two queens instigated a forty year war between their husbands who ruled the east and west Franks respectively. Sigebert defeated Chilperic and conquered most of his kingdom. But Sigebert's victory was brief, just when he had been declared king by Chilperic's subjects, he was murdered by assassins working for Fredegund in 575 and Chilperic retrieved his position. Fredegund also either killed or attempted to kill Guntram, her brother-in-law, king of Burgundy; Childebert II, Sigebert's son; her stepchildren; two bishops; her son Samson; her daughter Rigunth; and Queen Brunhilde. After Chilperic was stabbed to death in September of 584 at Île-de-France, Fredegund took their newborn son, Chlotar II, seized the treasury and took refuge in the cathedral at Paris. Chlotar was proclaimed heir, and Fredegund ruled as his regent. Her reign was marked by war with rival parties for the throne and numerous murders. She finally won the throne for Chlotar against Brunhilde in 597, only to die shortly after. Bio by: Iola
     Family Members
     Spouse
           Chilperic de Neustria unknown–584
     Children
      Chlothar II King Of The Franks 584–629
     BURIAL     Saint-Germain-des-Prés Church, Paris, City of Paris, Île-de-France, France
     Maintained by: Find A Grave
     Added: 2 Apr 2001
     Find A Grave Memorial 21075.³
     ; Per Genealogy.EU (Merovingians): “[2m.] Chilperich I, *ca 523, +murdered 27.9./9.10.584, King of Soissons (561-584) and of Paris (568-584), he took Poitou, Limousin and Touraine 576; 1m: ca 549 Audovere N (+murdered 580), reputiated; 2m: 567 Galsonte N (+568); 3m: Fredegonde N (*Montdidier 546, +Paris 597); for his issue see http://genealogy.euweb.cz/merove/merove2.html”.⁶
; Per Med Lands:
     "CHILPERICH, son of CLOTAIRE I [Chlothachar] King of the Franks & his fourth wife Arnegundis (before 535-murdered Chelles [27 Sep/9 Oct] 584, bur Paris, Saint-Germain-des-Prés). Gregory of Tours names Chilperich as the son of King Clotaire and his wife Aregonde[314]. He succeeded his father in 561 as CHILPERICH I King of the Franks, his territories covering those previously held by his father, with Soissons as his capital[315]. The Marii Episcopi Aventicensis Chronica records that "filii ipsius Charibertus, Guntegramnus, Hilpericus et Sigibertus" divided the kingdom between them on the death of their father in 561[316]. Gregory of Tours records that King Chilperich was forced to flee by his half-brother King Sigebert who conquered his territories[317]. He captured Neustria on the death of his brother King Charibert. Gregory of Tours records the murder of King Chilperich at Chelles and his burial in the church of St Vincent in Paris[318].
     "m firstly ([549]) AUDOVERE, daughter of --- (-murdered 580). Gregory of Tours names Audovera as one of the earlier consorts of King Chilperich[319]. Herimannus records that "Audoveram reginam commatrem suam [=Geislundam]" was strangled by her husband's concubine "Fridegundis"[320]. Gregory of Tours records that the mother of Clovis was "murdered in the most cruel fashion"[321], dated to late 580 from the context.
     "m secondly (564) GALSWINTHA of the Visigoths, daughter of ATANAGILDO King of the Visigoths & his wife Gosvinta --- (-murdered [567]). Gregory of Tours records the marriage of King Chilperich and Galswintha, older daughter of King Atanagildo, after the marriage of King Sigebert to her younger sister, specifying that she converted from Arianism to Catholicism and came to France with a large dowry, but never stopped complaining to the king about the insults she had to endure, her husband eventually having her garrotted by one of his servants[322]. Herimannus names "Geisluindam, sororem Brunæ [filiam Athanagildi regis Gothorum]" as wife of "Hilpericus frater Sigibertus rex", recording that she was strangled by her husband's concubine "Fridegundis"[323].
     "m thirdly (568) FREDEGONDE, daughter of --- (-597, bur Paris, Saint-Germain-des-Prés). Gregory of Tours records that King Chilperich married Frédégonde before his marriage to Galswintha, specifying that a great quarrel ensued between the two of them[324]. It is assumed that this indicates that Frédégonde was the king's mistress before his second marriage. She plotted actively in favour of her sons at the expense of her husband's children by his first marriage. It is likely that she ordered the murder of her brother-in-law King Sigebert I. According to the 8th century source, Liber Historiae Francorum, she murdered her husband after he discovered that she was having an affair[325]. She was regent for her son King Clotaire II after his succession in 584. Fredegar records that Frédégonde died "in the second year of the reign of Theodebert"[326]."
Med Lands cites:

; Per Genealogics:
     “One of the most bloodthirsty women in history, she had been the maid of Chilperic I's second wife, Galsvintha, whom he had murdered; Fredegunde then became his queen consort. However, Chilperic I's half-brother, Sigebert I, King of the eastern kingdom of Austrasia, was married to Brunhild, the latter being a sister of Galsvintha.
     “The murder of Galsvintha caused a violent feud between Fredegund and Brunhild, and also between the two branches of the family, which lasted some forty years. Fredegund was certainly responsible for the murder of Sigebert in 575 and made attempts on the lives of Guntram, her brother-in-law and king of Burgundy, and on Childebert II, Sigebert I's son, and Brunhild.
     “In 584 her husband was mysteriously murdered. Fredegund then seized his riches and took refuge in the cathedral in Paris. Guntram, her brother-in-law, protected both her and her surviving son, Chlotar II, until he died in 592. Childebert II, who had succeeded Guntram, unsuccesfully attacked Chlotar II. However, Childebert II died in 595 and, in the last two years of her life, Fredegund intrigued on Chlotar II's behalf against Brunhild who sought to rule through Childebert II's sons, Theodebert II of Austrasia and Theodoric II of Burgundy.
     “Ruthless, murderous and sadistically cruel, Fredegund must be regarded as one of the most monstrous in history.”.¹

Reference: Genealogics cites: Stammtafeln zur Geschichte der Europäischen Staaten, 4 volumes, Marburg, 1953, 1975., W. K. Prinz von Isenburg, Reference: I-1 1.⁴ GAV-39.

     Clothaire/Chlothachar II "Le Jeune, Le Grand" (?) King of the Franks was born on 18 October 584; Med Lands says b. Spring 584.^8,5,6 He married Haldetrudis/Adaltrudis (?)
;
His 1st wife.^8,5,6,9 Clothaire/Chlothachar II "Le Jeune, Le Grand" (?) King of the Franks married Beretrudis/Beretrude (?) de Bourgogne
;
His 2nd wife.^8,5,6,10 Clothaire/Chlothachar II "Le Jeune, Le Grand" (?) King of the Franks married Sichildis/Sichilda (?), daughter of unknown (?), in 618
;
His 3rd wife.^8,5,6,11
Clothaire/Chlothachar II "Le Jeune, Le Grand" (?) King of the Franks died between 4 January 629 and 18 October 629 at France (now).^8,12,5,6
Clothaire/Chlothachar II "Le Jeune, Le Grand" (?) King of the Franks was buried in 629 at Saint-Germain-des-Prés Church (Abbaye Sainte-Croix-Saint-Vincent), Paris, City of Paris, Île-de-France, France (now); From Find A Grave:
     BIRTH     584, France
     DEATH     629 (aged 44–45), France
     King of Nuestria, King of the Franks. Chlothar was the eldest son of Chilperic I, King of Nuestria and his third wife, Fredegonde. Grandson of Clothar I, the King of the Franks, and nephew to Sigebert, King of Austrasia.
1. Chlothar's first wife was Haldetrude who died about 604. They had two children:
* Merovech
* Emma, wife of Eadbald, the King of Kent
2. His second wife was Bertrude, thought to be the daughter of Richomer, patrician of the Burgundians. They had one son:
* Dagobert I, King of the Franks 629-634
3. His third wife was Sichilde, the sister of Gomatrude who would marry Dagobert. They had two children:
* Charibert II,the King of Aquitaine
There are two more children, possibly the children of Bertrude:
* A son that died in infancy, 617
* Bertha, wife of Warnachaire, mayor of the palace in Bourgogne
     Chlothar was born during a time of tremendous political intrigue, upheaval and unrest. His birth followed the possible murder of his predecessors, dramas of murder and betrayal, resulting in his parents hiding his birth and raising him in secret at their royal villa in Vitry-en-Artois.
     His father, Chilperic, and uncle, Siegbert, had wed sisters Galswintha and Brunhilda, but Chilperic loved Fredegund. Galswintha was murdered in 570, Chilperic was suspected as he moved Fredegund into the position of Queen, thus began the feud between brothers and their families.
     Siegbert was murdered in 575 by two assassins hired by Fredegund who started killing off her husband's sons by earlier wives while her own children died un-naturally along the way. Only Chlothar would live long enough to rule in his father's stead.
     Chlothar's father, Chilperic, was murdered in 584 at his villa in Chelles after a hunt, thought to be on the order of his sister-in-law, Brunhilda. His mother seized her riches and took refuge in Notre Dame cathedral along wither son. The Austrasians plundered Chlothar's Neustria, removing vast treasures and documents. General upheaval added to the chaos while Fredegund fought to maintain control. For his protection, she sent Chlothar to Guntram, the King of Burgundy for adoption in exchange for his controlling Nuestria until Chlothar was of age. In 585 Guntram was finally able to have Chlothar names after his grandfather, the courts recognize Chlothar as the son of Chilperic and become godfather to the child. Chlothar was finally baptized 23 October 585, approximately ten years old.
     Fredegund had been placed under the supervision of the bishop Pretextatus at Rouen, but escaped and stabbed Pretextatus who lived long enough to openly accuse her of the attack and publicly curse and denounce her before his death. She then proceeded to gather forces against Guntram and took back control of Nuestria. When his mother died in 597, Chlothar alone ruled Nuestria.
     Guntram made a pact with Brunhilda and her son, Childbert. When Guntram died in 592, Childebert became King of Austrasia and Burgundy until his death in 595, the kingdom was split between his two sons Theudebert and Theuderic, who took up arms against each other as well as their uncle, Chlothar. The wars continued into history until both brothers died, the mayors abandoned Brunhilda and delivered the entire realm to Chlothar. Sixty year old Brunhilda was found guilty of the murder of ten members of the Nuestrian royal family and put to death by her nephew, Chlothar, in the most brutal means imaginable; three days of extreme agony on the rack and finally being torn to pieces chained to four horses driven towards the four points of the compass.
     At her death, Chlothar became to sole royal ruler of the Frankish people, taking up residence in Paris and proclaiming himself King of the Franks.
     Chlothar promoted the 614 Edict of Paris, a Frankish Magna Carta, reserving rights for the nobles and excluding Jews from civil employment for the crown. Reinstating the position of Mayor of the Palace, defunct since the feud, actually lost Chlothar legislative control. His rule led the path for the mayors and nobles becoming more powerful than the throne. In 623, Chlothar gave Austrasia to his son, Dagobert I.
     Chlothar II died in 629 after ruling for 45 years, longer than any other Merovingian king excepting his grandfather Chlotar I.
     Family Members
     Parents
      Chilperic de Neustria unknown–584
      Fredegonde 550–597
     Spouse
      Beretrude de Bourgogne 586–618
     Children
      Charibert II of the Franks
      King Dagobert I 603–639
     BURIAL     Saint-Germain-des-Prés Church, Paris, City of Paris, Île-de-France, France
     Maintained by: Anne Shurtleff Stevens
     Originally Created by: Jerry Ferren
     Added: 24 Feb 2011
     Find A Grave Memorial 66082602
     SPONSORED BY candace tuggle.¹²
     GAV-38 EDV-38.

; Per Enc. of World History: "Divisions of the Frankish lands after the death of Clovis: (1) His four sons established four capitalsMetz, Orleans, Paris, Soissons. Expansion eastward continued along the upper Elbe; Burgundy was added, and the territory of the Ostrogoths north of the Alps. After a period of ruthless conflict, only Lothair (Chlothar) survived, and for a brief time (558-61) the Frankish lands were under one head again. (2) Lothair's division of his lands among his four sons led to a great feud from which three kingdoms emerged: Austrasia (capital Metz) lying to the east (Auster) and mostly Teutonic; Neustria (the “new land,” as the name implies; capital Soissons), Gallo-Roman in blood; and Burgundy, which had no king of its own but joined Neustria under a common ruler. The prince of Neustria exterminated the rival house in Austrasia, but the local chieftains preserved the kingdom's identity. Under Lothair II all three kingdoms were united again (613) under one ruler."¹³

; Per Genealogics:
     “He reunited the Frankish kingdom in 613 after torturing to death the dominant figure in Frankish politics for twenty years, his aged aunt Brunhild. Circa 614 he signed the 'Perpetual Constitution' regarded as an early Magna Carta. In 622 he made his son Dagobert king in Austrasia, the north-eastern portion of the Frankish kingdom, while he himself kept the rest of Gaul under his direct rule, residing in Neustria, the region centred on Paris.”.⁵

; This is the same person as:
”Chlothar II” at Wikipedia and as
”Clotaire II” at Wikipédia (Fr.)^14,15

Reference: Genealogics cites: Clothaire/Chlothachar II "Le Jeune, Le Grand" (?) King of the Franks was also known as Lothair II King of the Franks.¹⁶

; Per Genealogy.EU (Merovingians 2): “[3m.] Chlothar II "Le Jeune, Le Grand" (Chlothachar II), *18.10.584, +4.1./18.10.629, King of Soissons (584), Paris (613-629), Orléans (613-629), Metz (613-623), Bourgogne (613-629); 1m: Hadeltrude N (+604); 2m: Beretrude/Bertrude (*Neustrie ?, +620); 3m: 618 Sichilde N, sister of Gometrude, wife of King Dagobert I of Metz (Austrasie) and Paris (Neustrie)”.⁸

; Per Med Lands:
     "CHLOTHACHAR [Clotaire], son of CHILPERICH I King of the Franks & his third wife Frédégonde (Spring 584-[18] Oct 629, bur Paris Church of St Vincent[353]). Gregory of Tours records the birth of a son to King Chilperich[354], dated to early 584 from the context, although in a later passage in which he names him Clotaire he records that he was four months old when his father died[355]. The Liber Historiæ Francorum records the birth of "Chlotharium [filius Chilperici]" around the same time as the death of his older brother Theoderich[356]. He succeeded his father in 584 as CLOTAIRE II King of the Franks, under the regency of his mother Queen Frédégonde. He was defeated by his cousins, the brothers King Theodebert II and King Theoderich II, in 600 on the banks of the river Orvanne near Dormelles, after which he agreed terms under which he held only twelve cantons between the Seine, the Oise and the sea[357]. After the defeat of King Theodebert II in 612, and death of King Theoderich II in 613, the Austrasian nobility invited King Clotaire to lead their rebellion against Queen Brunechilde. After the capture, torture and murder of the queen, Clotaire was recognised as sole King of the Franks. In 623, he was obliged to accede to the request of the Austrasians for their own king and installed his son Dagobert as King of Austrasia.
     "[m [firstly] ADALTRUDIS, daughter of --- (-bur Rouen Saint-Pierre). "Hlotharii rege Francorum…duæ uxores reginæ…Haldetrudis…et Bertetrudis" were buried in "basilica sancti Petri apostolic Rothomacum"[358]. The editor of the compilation in which this text is reproduced suggests that "Haldetrudis" is in fact an error for a variation of "Waldrada", the widow of King Theodebald who reportedly married King Clotaire I, not King Clotaire II, as his fifth wife. This first marriage of King Clotaire II is dubious. If it is correct that Merovech was the son of King Clotaire II (which is uncertain, see below), the estimated birth date of King Clotaire's known son Dagobert (in [610/11]) suggests that his older brother (reportedly active in 604) must have been born from an earlier union, although it is possible that his mother was the king's concubine rather than his wife.]
     "m [firstly/secondly] BERETRUDIS [Bertrada or Berthe], daughter of --- (-[618/19], bur Rouen Saint-Pierre). The Gesta Dagoberti names "Bertedrude regina" as wife of "Chlotharius filius Chilperici" and mother of King Dagobert[359]. Fredegar names "Erchynoaldus…consanguineus…de genetricis Dagoberti" as maior domus in Neustria after the death of Aega[360], although the exact relationship between Erchinoald and Beretrudis is not known. Settipani suggests[361] that she may have been the daughter of Richomer, patricius of Burgundy & his wife Garitrudis, maternal grandparents of Erchinoald. Fredegar records that "Bertetrudis regina" died in the 35th year of the reign of King Clotaire II[362], although there must be some doubt about the dating in light of the birth of Chilperich, son of King Clotaire's son by his marriage to Sichildis (see below). "Hlotharii rege Francorum…duæ uxores reginæ…Haldetrudis…et Bertetrudis" were buried in "basilica sancti Petri apostolic Rothomacum"[363].
     "m [secondly/thirdly] ([618/19]) SICHILDIS, sister of GOMATRUDIS[364], daughter of ---. The Gesta Dagoberti records that, after the death of "Bertedrude regina", her husband married "Sichildem"[365]. The Gesta Dagoberti names "Brunulfus…frater Sichildis reginæ"[366]. According to Fredegar, her husband accused her of "misconduct" with Boso of Etampes, son of Audolenus, whom the king ordered killed by Duke Arnebert[367]."
Med Lands cites:

; Per Med Lands:
     "BERETRUDIS [Bertrada/Berthe], daughter of --- (-[618/19], bur Rouen Saint-Pierre). Her relationship with the family of Erchinoald is recorded by Fredegar when he names "Erchynoaldus…consanguineus…de genetricis Dagoberti" as maior domus in Neustria after the death of Aega[301].
     "m as his [first/second] wife, CLOTAIRE II King of the Franks, son of CHILPERIC I King of the Franks & his third wife Frédégonde (Spring 584-[18] Oct 629, bur Paris Church of St Vincent)."
Med Lands cites: He was King of Soissons in 584.⁸ He was King of Neustria in 584.¹⁶ He was King of Metz between 613 and 623.⁸ He was King of Bourgogne between 613 and 629.⁸ He was King of all Franks between 613 and 629. He was King of Orléans between 613 and 629.⁸ He was King of Paris between 613 and 629.⁸

     Beretrudis/Beretrude (?) de Bourgogne was born in 586 at Departement de l'Aisne, Picardie, France (now).² She married Clothaire/Chlothachar II "Le Jeune, Le Grand" (?) King of the Franks, son of Chilperic I (?) King of Soissons and Paris and Fredegonde (?),
;
His 2nd wife.^4,5,6,1
Beretrudis/Beretrude (?) de Bourgogne died in 618 at Rouen, Departement de la Seine-Maritime, Haute-Normandie, France.²
     ; Per Med Lands:
     "CHLOTHACHAR [Clotaire], son of CHILPERICH I King of the Franks & his third wife Frédégonde (Spring 584-[18] Oct 629, bur Paris Church of St Vincent[353]). Gregory of Tours records the birth of a son to King Chilperich[354], dated to early 584 from the context, although in a later passage in which he names him Clotaire he records that he was four months old when his father died[355]. The Liber Historiæ Francorum records the birth of "Chlotharium [filius Chilperici]" around the same time as the death of his older brother Theoderich[356]. He succeeded his father in 584 as CLOTAIRE II King of the Franks, under the regency of his mother Queen Frédégonde. He was defeated by his cousins, the brothers King Theodebert II and King Theoderich II, in 600 on the banks of the river Orvanne near Dormelles, after which he agreed terms under which he held only twelve cantons between the Seine, the Oise and the sea[357]. After the defeat of King Theodebert II in 612, and death of King Theoderich II in 613, the Austrasian nobility invited King Clotaire to lead their rebellion against Queen Brunechilde. After the capture, torture and murder of the queen, Clotaire was recognised as sole King of the Franks. In 623, he was obliged to accede to the request of the Austrasians for their own king and installed his son Dagobert as King of Austrasia.
     "[m [firstly] ADALTRUDIS, daughter of --- (-bur Rouen Saint-Pierre). "Hlotharii rege Francorum…duæ uxores reginæ…Haldetrudis…et Bertetrudis" were buried in "basilica sancti Petri apostolic Rothomacum"[358]. The editor of the compilation in which this text is reproduced suggests that "Haldetrudis" is in fact an error for a variation of "Waldrada", the widow of King Theodebald who reportedly married King Clotaire I, not King Clotaire II, as his fifth wife. This first marriage of King Clotaire II is dubious. If it is correct that Merovech was the son of King Clotaire II (which is uncertain, see below), the estimated birth date of King Clotaire's known son Dagobert (in [610/11]) suggests that his older brother (reportedly active in 604) must have been born from an earlier union, although it is possible that his mother was the king's concubine rather than his wife.]
     "m [firstly/secondly] BERETRUDIS [Bertrada or Berthe], daughter of --- (-[618/19], bur Rouen Saint-Pierre). The Gesta Dagoberti names "Bertedrude regina" as wife of "Chlotharius filius Chilperici" and mother of King Dagobert[359]. Fredegar names "Erchynoaldus…consanguineus…de genetricis Dagoberti" as maior domus in Neustria after the death of Aega[360], although the exact relationship between Erchinoald and Beretrudis is not known. Settipani suggests[361] that she may have been the daughter of Richomer, patricius of Burgundy & his wife Garitrudis, maternal grandparents of Erchinoald. Fredegar records that "Bertetrudis regina" died in the 35th year of the reign of King Clotaire II[362], although there must be some doubt about the dating in light of the birth of Chilperich, son of King Clotaire's son by his marriage to Sichildis (see below). "Hlotharii rege Francorum…duæ uxores reginæ…Haldetrudis…et Bertetrudis" were buried in "basilica sancti Petri apostolic Rothomacum"[363].
     "m [secondly/thirdly] ([618/19]) SICHILDIS, sister of GOMATRUDIS[364], daughter of ---. The Gesta Dagoberti records that, after the death of "Bertedrude regina", her husband married "Sichildem"[365]. The Gesta Dagoberti names "Brunulfus…frater Sichildis reginæ"[366]. According to Fredegar, her husband accused her of "misconduct" with Boso of Etampes, son of Audolenus, whom the king ordered killed by Duke Arnebert[367]."
Med Lands cites:
; Per Genealogy.EU (Merovingians 2): “[3m.] Chlothar II "Le Jeune, Le Grand" (Chlothachar II), *18.10.584, +4.1./18.10.629, King of Soissons (584), Paris (613-629), Orléans (613-629), Metz (613-623), Bourgogne (613-629); 1m: Hadeltrude N (+604); 2m: Beretrude/Bertrude (*Neustrie ?, +620); 3m: 618 Sichilde N, sister of Gometrude, wife of King Dagobert I of Metz (Austrasie) and Paris (Neustrie)”.⁴

Reference: Genealogics cites: Stammtafeln zur Geschichte der Europäischen Staaten, 4 volumes, Marburg, 1953, 1975., W. K. Prinz von Isenburg, Reference: I 1.¹

; This is the same person as:
”Bertrude” at Wikipedia and as
”Bertrude” at Wikipédia (Fr.)^7,8 GAV-38.

; Per Med Lands:
     "BERETRUDIS [Bertrada/Berthe], daughter of --- (-[618/19], bur Rouen Saint-Pierre). Her relationship with the family of Erchinoald is recorded by Fredegar when he names "Erchynoaldus…consanguineus…de genetricis Dagoberti" as maior domus in Neustria after the death of Aega[301].
     "m as his [first/second] wife, CLOTAIRE II King of the Franks, son of CHILPERIC I King of the Franks & his third wife Frédégonde (Spring 584-[18] Oct 629, bur Paris Church of St Vincent)."
Med Lands cites:

     Charibert II (?) King of Aquitaine was born between 618 and 619; Genealogy.EU says b. ca 608; Med Lands says b. 618/619.^2,4
Charibert II (?) King of Aquitaine died in 631; murdered.^1,2
      ; Leo van de Pas cites: Stammtafeln zur Geschichte der Europäischen Staaten, 4 volumes, Marburg, 1953, 1975., W. K. Prinz von Isenburg, Reference: I 1.¹ He was King of Aquitaine between 629 and 632.⁶ He was King of Aquitaine between 630 and 631.²

     Boggis (Loup I?) (?) duc d'Aquitaine et de Vasconie married Oda (?), daughter of Unknown (?).^2,3

Boggis (Loup I?) (?) duc d'Aquitaine et de Vasconie died in 688.³
     GAV-38.

; Per Med Lands:
     "BOGGIS, son of --- . Duke of Aquitaine. The charter of Charles II "le Chauve" King of the West Franks dated 30 Jan 845 (possibly spurious, as explained in the Introduction) states that "Dagobertus rex" granted Aquitaine to "Boggiso Duci" after the death o[f "fratris sui Ilderici Aquitainie regis"[9]. The death of Charibert, brother of King Dagobert I, is dated to 631 from other sources (see MEROVINGIAN KINGS). This appears chronologically inconsistent with this alleged grant of Aquitaine to Boggis, assuming that the estimated date of death of his supposed son Duke Eudes is accurate as shown below. The same 845 charter states that "Haribertus rex" married "Amandus Dux in Vasconia…filia suæ Giselæ" and that they were parents of "Boggiso Duci et suo fratri Bertrando", which is clearly incorrect considering that King Charibert is shown in other sources to have been no more than fourteen years old when he died. The historical existence of Duke Boggis is uncertain.
     "m ODA, daughter of ---. The Vita Landiberto episcopi Traiectensis of Nicolas names "Oda…Bohggis Aquitanorum ducis recens defuncti vidua" as "amita" of Lambert[10].]"
Med Lands cites:

; Per Wikipédia (Fr.): Boggis et Bertrand
     "Boggis (hypocoristique du prénom Baudegisèle) serait, selon la charte d'Alaon, un fils du roi Caribert II (608 - 632) et le père du duc Eudes d'Aquitaine (v. 670 - 735). Il serait selon ce document duc d'Aquitaine. La charte d'Alaon est en fait un faux fabriqué au xviie siècle. Boggis y est noté comme maillon généalogique pour relier la maison des premiers duc d'Aquitaine à la maison royale des Mérovingiens. Toujours selon cette charte, Boggis aurait un frère nommé Bertrand et qui serait le père de saint Hubert (v. 650 - 727)EE 1.
     "Plusieurs familles seraient des descendantes de Clovis selon cette charte. Ce sont les familles Gallard, Gramont, Montesquiou, La Rochefoucauld, Comminges et Lupé.
     "Cependant, la numismatique semble attester l'existence de Boggis et Bertrand par des pièces de "deux types: l'une provient des ateliers du capitole de Saintes... l'autre fut gravée à Chapteuil (Velay) et trouvée à Chalencon (Velay). Elle est unique en France, car elle porte à son avers les deux têtes diadémées affrontées de Boggis et Bertrand. Chassaing la datait du premier quart du viie siècle. Elle est l'œuvre d'Esperius, le plus connu des monétaires vellaves"EE 2. Mais si ces monnaies prouvent l'existence historique de Boggis et Bertrand, elles ne prouvent pas leur qualité de fils de Caribert II.
     "D'autre part, il existe un autre Baudegisèle historique. Il s'agit d'un diacre du roi Chilpéric en 577.
Références :
1. Joseph-François Rabanis, Les Merovingiens de Aquitanie, essay historique et critique de la Charte D'Alaon, Paris, 1856 (lire en ligne [archive]). Rabanis est l'historien qui prouva le premier, la fausseté de la charte d'Alaon.
2. Albert Boudon-Lashermes, Les vigueries carolingiennes dans le diocèse du Puy, Thouars (Deux-Sèvres), 1930, p. 127."⁵ Boggis (Loup I?) (?) duc d'Aquitaine et de Vasconie was also known as Loup I (Boggis?) (?)⁶

; Per Racines et Histoire: "? Boggis duc d’Aquitaine (aurait été investi par Dagobert 1er après la mort de son frère Charibert (631) ; encore cité dans une charte de Charles II
«Le Chauve» du 30/01/845)
     ép. Oda (parente (amita) de Lambert.)⁷" He was Duc d'Aquitaine et de Vasconie (See attached map of Aquitaine and Vasconie ca 710-740 from Wikipedia: Par Cette image a été réalisée par Zorion (User:Zorion) et placée sous les licences ci-dessus. Vous êtes libre de la réutiliser, pour n'importe quelle utilisation, tant que vous me citez en tant qu'auteur, Wikimedia Commons en tant que site et suivez les instructions des licences.Si vous modifiez, transformez ou adaptez cette création, pourriez-vous avoir l'amabilité de me laisser un message sur cette page. Merci — Travail personnelMap from Garikoitz Estornés Zubizarreta Ducado de Vasconia (Auñamendi Eusko Entziklopedia), CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=34950847) between 671 and 676.⁶

     Oda (?) married Boggis (Loup I?) (?) duc d'Aquitaine et de Vasconie.^2,3

      ; Per Racines et Histoire: "? Boggis duc d’Aquitaine (aurait été investi par Dagobert 1er après la mort de son frère Charibert (631) ; encore cité dans une charte de Charles II
«Le Chauve» du 30/01/845)
     ép. Oda (parente (amita) de Lambert.)⁴"

; Per Med Lands:
     "ODA . The Conversione S. Huberti Comitis names “comes palatii Hubertus” and “amita sua Oda…Boggis Aquitanorum Ducis recens defuncti relicta vidua”[481]. The Vita Landiberto episcopi Traiectensis of Nicolas names "Oda…Bohggis Aquitanorum ducis recens defuncti vidua" as "amita" of Lambert[482].
     "m BOGGIS Duke of Aquitaine, son of --- (-[688])."
Med Lands cites: GAV-40 EDV-41 GKJ-42.
; Per Med Lands:
     "Three siblings, parents not known:
     "1. --- . m ---. One child:
          "a) HUGOBERT [Hubert] (-after 14 Mar 697).
     "2. ODA ... m BOGGIS Duke of Aquitaine, son of --- (-[688]).
     "3. APER ."¹

     Eudes (?) duc d'Aquitaine et de Vasconie married Waltrude (?), daughter of Walacho/Walchisus (?) and Valtrude (?).^3,4

Eudes (?) duc d'Aquitaine et de Vasconie died in 735.³
Eudes (?) duc d'Aquitaine et de Vasconie was buried in 735 at Sainte-Marie d'Alarcon .³
      ; Per Wikipedia (Fr.):
     "Eudes1 (Eudon, Eudo, Oto et Odo), est duc d’Aquitaine et de Vasconie vers 6812 jusqu'à sa mort en 7353.
     "Fils de Loup Ier, d’origine vasconne4, à son accession au titre de duc, le duché allié aux Vascons et ennemi des Francs, s'étend de la Loire au-delà Pyrénées, avec Toulouse comme capitale, ainsi que la Vasconie ultérieure.
Biographie
Duchés d'Aquitaine et de Vasconie (710-740).
     "Il enlève aux rois de Neustrie et d'Austrasie les pays nommés depuis Nivernais, Vivarais et Provence arlésienne (687-715).[réf. nécessaire]
     "Le royaume de Neustrie du roi Chilpéric II se voit aidé par le maire du palais Rainfroy, que les Austrasiens accusent de prétendre au trône avec le qualificatif de « tyrannus ». Charles Martel bat Rainfroy à Vinchy le 21 mars 7175,6, malgré son alliance avec les Frisons païens. Rainfroy se rabat sur les Vascons qui forment la majeure partie des troupes d’Eudes. C’est pourquoi Chilpéric et Rainfroy envoient une ambassade auprès d’Eudes pour obtenir son alliance contre Charles Martel. Ils lui offrent le royaume et des dons5. Eudes est donc reconnu officiellement roi d’Aquitaine par le roi de Neustrie7. Cependant, la force militaire manque au Gallo-Romain du Sud-Est, ce qui va permettre à Charles Martel de supprimer leur indépendance très rapidement8. À la manière de Dagobert Ier, vice-roi d'Austrasie, Judicaël, duc ou roi des Bretons, de Chramn et de Caribert II, nommés tous deux rois d’Aquitaine, il y a une tradition franque du vice-royaume (Unterköningtum9). Lorsque Chilpéric II et Rainfroy accordent un « royaume et des dons » à Eudes, ils ne livrent pas le royaume de Neustrie à Eudes mais paient une alliance par la reconnaissance du vice-royaume d’Aquitaine et la scelle par un échange de dons10 selon un cérémonial rigoureusement identique à celui qui régla la rencontre entre Judicaël et Dagobert Ier11. Ils la donnent contre une reconnaissance de son indépendance et le titre de roi12. Eudes se reconnaît soumis à Chilpéric II car il n’entre pas en relation avec le roi d’Austrasie et refuse d’obéir au maire du palais austrasien. Juridiquement, le vice-roi d’Aquitaine est légitimement reconnu comme seigneur-roi « domnus princeps »13.
     "Une alliance étant faite, une armée commandée par Chilpéric II, Rainfroy et Eudes part en découdre contre Charles Martel, mais ce dernier leur inflige une défaite le 14 octobre 719 entre Senlis et Néry près de Soissons14. Eudes réussit à s'enfuir avec une partie de ses hommes et passe au sud de la Loire. Il accueille ensuite Chilpéric à Toulouse, mais refuse de reprendre la lutte contre les Francs. Il livre d’ailleurs Chilpéric en 720 à Charles Martel contre un traité de paix.
     "Eudes a besoin de cette paix pour pouvoir affronter les Arabes, qui conquièrent l’Espagne depuis 711 et ont pris Narbonne en 720. Il triomphe de l'émir Al-Samh ibn Malik al-Khawlani entre Toulouse et Carcassonne en 721 (bataille de Toulouse), et met aussi deux fois en déroute l'émir Anbasa ibn Suhaym Al-Kalbi, 725 et 726. Les Sarrasins ont néanmoins pris Nîmes et Carcassonne (725)12.
     "En 731, Charles, l'accusant d'avoir violé le traité de paix de 720, passe la Loire à deux reprises et prend Bourges12.
     "Il marie sa fille Lampégie15 avec Uthman ibn Naissa aussi nommé Munuza, gouverneur dissident de Cerdagne. Mais en 732, Munuza, en révolte contre le wali d'Espagne Abd-er-Rahman, est tué par les troupes de Gehdi ben Zeyan.
     "Les Omeyyades d’Espagne lancent alors deux offensives simultanées, une qui remonte la vallée du Rhône jusqu'à Sens, et l'autre conduite par Abd-er-Rahman qui franchit les Pyrénées, ravage l’Aquitaine, prend Bordeaux et défait les troupes d’Eudes dans une bataille sanglante au passage de la Dordogne ou de la Garonne.
     "Le duc d'Aquitaine s'enfuit et demande de l'aide à Charles Martel, son ancien ennemi. Celui-ci réunit une armée, la rencontre a lieu en octobre 732 près de Poitiers, donnant la victoire aux Francs.
     "Après avoir perdu Bordeaux, Eudes accepte la suzeraineté de Charles Martel et meurt en 735. Ses fils Hunald Ier et Hatton d'Aquitaine lui succèdent. La chronique de Frédégaire mentionne Remistan16 comme un fils d'Eudes d'Aquitaine, oncle de Waifre, à qui le roi Pépin Ier d'Aquitaine, fils de Louis le Pieux, confie un fief dans le Berry.
Dans la culture populaire
** Le groupe de folk metal gascon Boisson Divine a écrit une chanson traitant d'Eudes d'Aquitaine (et plus précisément de la bataille de Toulouse), nommée Caussada deus Martirs (« chaussée des Martirs » en gascon) dans leur album Volentat (2015).
Sources
Bibliographie
** Blade, Eudes, duc d’Aquitaine, Paris, 1892.
** Michel Rouche, L'Aquitaine des Wisigoths aux Arabes, 418-781 : naissance d'une région, Paris, École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales, Jean Touzot, 1979 (ISBN 978-2-7132-0685-6).
** Michel Dillange, Les comtes de Poitou, ducs d'Aquitaine : 778-1204, Mougon, Geste éd., coll. « Histoire », 1995, 303 p., ill., couv. ill. en coul; 24 cm (ISBN 2-910919-09-9, ISSN 1269-9454, notice BnF no FRBNF35804152).
** Frédégaire (trad. par O. Devilliers et J. Meyers), Chronique des Temps mérovingiens, édition Brepols, 2001 (ISBN 2503511511).
** Chroniques des derniers rois Mérovingiens (trad. F. Guizot et R. Fougères), coll. « Sources de l'histoire de France », éditions Paleo, 156 p. (ISBN 2-913944-39-6).
Notes
1. Généalogie et descendance d'Eudes d'Aquitaine sur le site Medieval Lands [archive].
2. Claude Charles Fauriel, Histoire de la Gaule méridionale sous la domination des conquérants germains [archive], éditeur Paulin, 1836, p. 36.
3. Jean de Jaurgain, La Vasconie : étude historique et critique sur les origines du royaume de Navarre, du duché de Gascogne, des comtés de Comminges, d'Aragon, de Foix, de Bigorre, d'Alava & de Biscaye, de la vicomté de Béarn et des grands fiefs du duché de Gascogne, t. 1, PyréMonde (Ed.Régionalismes), 1898, 447 p. (ISBN 2846181446 et 9782846181846, OCLC 492934726, lire en ligne [archive]).
4. Michel Dillange, Les comtes de Poitou, ducs d'Aquitaine : 778-1204, Mougon, Geste éd., coll. « Histoire », 1995, 303 p., ill., couv. ill. en coul; 24 cm (ISBN 2-910919-09-9, ISSN 1269-9454, notice BnF no FRBNF35804152), p. 15.
5. Chronique de Frédégaire, 10.
6. Liber Historia Francorum, 53.
7. Rouche (1979), p. 108.
8. Rouche (1979), p. 109.
9. G. Eiten, Das unterköningtum in reiche der Merovinger und Karolinger, Heidelberg, 1907, pp. 9-11.
10. Rouche (1979), p. 678, no 317, p. 447.
11. Chronique de Frédégaire, 78.
13. Michel Dillange, Les comtes de Poitiers…, op. cit.
14. Rouche (1979), p. 379.
15. Société de l'École des Chartes, Recueil de travaux N°5 - Victoire de Charles Martel contre les Musulmans [archive], Librairie Droz, 1973, p. 105.
16. « Lampégie d’Aquitaine, fille du duc Eudes » [archive], Histoire islamique, 11 octobre 2015.
17. Généalogie de Remistan sur le site Medieval Lands [archive].
Articles connexes
Liste des ducs d'Aquitaine: https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste_des_ducs_d%27Aquitaine
Royaume d'Aquitaine: https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royaume_d%27Aquitaine"


Per Wikipedia:
     "
     "Odo the Great (also called Eudes or Eudo) (died 735), was the Duke of Aquitaine by 700.[3] His territory included Vasconia in the south-west of Gaul and the Duchy of Aquitaine (at that point located north-east of the river Garonne), a realm extending from the Loire to the Pyrenees, with the capital in Toulouse. He fought the Carolingian Franks and made alliances with the Moors to combat them.[4] He retained this domain until his abdication in 735. He is remembered for defeating the Umayyads in 721 as they advanced down the Garonne through Aquitaine. He was the first to defeat them decisively in Western Europe. The feat earned him the epithet "The Great".
Early life
     "His earlier life is obscure, as are his ancestry and ethnicity. One theory suggests that he was of Roman origin as contemporary Frankish chroniclers refer to his father as an enemy Roman.[4] Several Dukes of Aquitaine have been suggested as Odo's father: Boggis or Bertrand, or Duke Lupus I. According to the spurious Charte d'Alaon, Hubertus was one of Odo's brothers.
     "Odo succeeded to the ducal throne maybe as early as 679, probably the date of the death of Lupus, or 688. Other dates are possible, including 692, but he was certainly in power by 700.
Early leadership
     "The historian Jean de Jaurgain cites him as fighting in 711 against the Visigoth Roderic in Pamplona. In 715 he declared himself independent during the civil war raging in Gaul. It is not likely that he ever took the title of king.
     "In 718, he appears raising an army of Basques ("hoste Vasconum commota") as an ally of Chilperic II of Neustria[5] and the Mayor of the Palace Ragenfrid, who may have offered recognition of his kingship over Aquitaine. They were fighting against the Austrasian mayor of the palace, Charles Martel, but after the defeat of Chilperic at Soissons that year, he made peace with Charles by surrendering to him the Neustrian king and his treasures.[6]
Between Umayyads and Franks
     "Odo was also obliged to fight both the Umayyads and the Franks who invaded his kingdom. On 9 June 721 he inflicted a major defeat upon Al-Samh ibn Malik al-Khawlani at the Battle of Toulouse,[7] the first major battle lost by the Muslim Umayyad forces in their military campaign northwards, claiming the lives of thousands of Umayyad soldiers. The heroic victory was celebrated with gifts from the Pope, who declared the Aquitanian duke a Champion of (Roman) Christianity and solidified his independence.
     "In order to help secure his borders against the Umayyads, he married his daughter, probably named Lampegia, to the Muslim Berber rebel lord Uthman ibn Naissa, called "Munuza" by the Franks, the deputy governor of what would later become Catalonia.
Battles of Garonne, Tours and death
     "In 731, the Frankish Charles Martel, after defeating the Saxons, turned his attention to the rival southern realm of Aquitaine, denounced Odo's alliance with Uthman ibn Naissa, and crossed the Loire, so breaking the peace treaty held with Odo. The Frankish leader ransacked Aquitaine twice, seizing Bourges too, and Odo engaged the Frankish troops but was defeated. Charles went back to Francia.
     "Meanwhile, the Umayyads were gathering forces to attack Odo's ally in the Pyrenean region of Cerdanya (maybe Catalonia) Uthman ibn Naissa. In 731, the Berber lord was subject to the attack of an expedition led by Abdul Rahman Al Ghafiqi, overcoming and killing the rebel leader, and capturing Odo's daughter, who was sent as prisoner to a harem in Damascus.[8]:89 Busy as Odo was trying to fend off Charles's thrust, he didn't make it to help his ally.
     "In 732, Abdul Rahman Al Ghafiqi's troops raided Vasconia, advanced towards Bordeaux and ransacked the city.[9] Odo engaged them but was defeated by the Umayyads near Bordeaux. Following the defeat, Odo re-organised his scattered forces, and ran north to warn Charles Martel, Mayor of the palaces of Neustria and Austrasia, of the impending threat and to appeal for assistance in fighting the Arab-Berber advance, which he received in exchange for accepting formal Frankish overlordship. The duke, aged almost 80, joined Charles Martel's troops and was to form the Frankish army's left flank, while the Umayyads and the multinational army commanded by Charles built up their forces somewhere between Vienne and Clain to the north of Poitiers in preparation for the so-called Battle of Tours[10] (732, or possibly 733).[8]:90–91
     "Odo led his forces to play a major role in defeating the Umayyad army when they broke into the main Cordovan camp and set fire to it, sparking confusion and wreaking havoc with the enemy's rearguard.[10] The alliance defeated the Umayyads at the Battle of Tours in 732, and expelled them from Aquitaine.
     "After the battle, Charles headed back north to his domains in Francia—Neustria and Austrasia— and duke Odo was left as ruler in Aquitaine and Vasconia. In 735 the Duke Odo abdicated or died, and was succeeded by his son Hunald. He may have died in a monastery where he retreated, perhaps as late as 740. Odo the Great's popularity in Aquitaine is attested by the Vita Pardulfi.
     "The name of the character of king Yon de Gascogne in the 12th-century tale The Four Sons of Aymon is probably a corruption of Odo.[11]
Notes
1. Isidore Pacensis, no.25, cols.1245.ff., 'Et quia filiam suam dux Francorum nomine Eudo causa foederis ei in coniugio copulandam ob persecutionem Arabum differendam iam olim tradiderat ad suos libitus inclinandam, dum eam tardidat de manu persequentium liberandam, suam morti debitam praeparat animam.'
References
1. Buckler, F.W. (1931). Harunu'l-Rashid and Charles the Great. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The Medieval Academy of America. p. 6, n.5.
2. Breysig, Theodore (1869). "714-741. Die zeit Karl Martells (Annales Fuldenses, n.6, a. 725)". Jahrbücher des fränkischen reiches. Leipzig: Duncker und Humblot: 63.
3. Pierre Riche, The Carolingians:A Family who forged Europe, Transl. Michael Idomir Allen, (University of Pennsylvania Press, 1993), 29-30.
4. "Franks, Romans, Feudalism and Doctrine - Part 11: An Interplay between theology and Society". John S. Romanides. 25 March 2016.
5. Pierre Riche, The Carolingians:A Family who forged Europe, 35.
6. Pierre Riche, The Carolingians:A Family who forged Europe, 35-36.
7. Collins, Roger (1989). The Arab Conquest of Spain 710-797. Oxford, UK / Cambridge, USA: Blackwell. p. 87. ISBN 0-631-19405-3.
8. Collins, Roger (1989). The Arab Conquest of Spain 710-797. Oxford, UK / Cambridge, USA: Blackwell. ISBN 0-631-19405-3.
9. David Levering Lewis, God's Crucible: Islam and the Making of Europe, 570-1215, (W.W. and Norton Company, 2008), 166.
10. "Batalla de Poitiers". Auñamendi Entziklopedia. Eusko Ikaskuntza. Retrieved 21 October 2013.
11. Julien Bellarbre, "La « nation » aquitaine dans l’historiographie monastique du sud de la Loire (VIIIe–XIIe siècles)", Revue de l'IFHA, 6 (2014), retrieved 21 May 2018.
Sources
** Oman, Charles. The Dark Ages, 476–918. London: Rivingtons, 1914.
** This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Odo, king of Aquitaine". Encyclopædia Britannica. 20 (11th ed.) Cambridge University Press. p. 4."⁵

; Per Med Lands:
     "EUDES, son of [BOGGIS Duke of Aquitaine & his wife Oda ---] (-[735], bur Sainte-Marie d'Alarcon). The charter of Charles II "le Chauve" King of the West Franks dated 30 Jan 845 (possibly spurious, as explained in the Introduction) names "Eudonis Aquitanie ducis et fratris sui Imitarii et eorum genitori Boggiso duci" and specifies that the territory of Duke Eudes consisted of "pago Tolosano, Cadurcensi, Pictaviensis, Agennensis, Arelatensi, Sanctonensi et Petragoricensi"[13]. His existence, but not his parentage, is corroborated by the other sources quoted below. The naming of one of his supposed grandsons Loup suggests that he may have been descended from the earlier Duke Lupus, assuming that the latter did exist as a historical person. Duke of Aquitaine. The Continuator of Fredegar records that Eudes supported Ragamfred maior domus of Neustria in [715/17] against Charles "Martel", but fled when confronted by the forces of the latter[14]. Eudes broke the resulting peace treaty in [725], but was again put to flight by Charles "Martel" according to the same source, which says that Eudes then "summoned to his assistance…the unbelieving Saracen people", although the chronology of these incidents appears compressed in this source[15]. The Annales Metenses record the death of "Eodo dux [Aquitaniorum]" in 735[16]. The death of Duke Eudes is recorded, without a specific date, by the Continuator of Fredegar, who also describes the ensuing occupation of Bordeaux and surrounding areas by Charles "Martel"[17]. An indication of the date can be found from the subsequent section 16 in the Continuator, which is concerned with calendar calculations up to the year 735. However, this cannot be considered conclusive as the order of the sections in the Continuator is not rigorously chronological, as shown by the subsequent section 20 which describes the battle of Poitiers although this is dated from other sources to 732. The Annales Petaviani record that in 736 "Karolus dimicabat contra filios Eodonis"[18], implying that their father was no longer living at that time, assuming that the date is accurate. The charter of Charles II "le Chauve" King of the West Franks dated 30 Jan 845 (possibly spurious, as explained in the Introduction) records that "Eudo Aquitanie dux" was buried at Sainte-Marie d'Alarcon[19].
     "m WALTRUDE, daughter of Duke WALACHO & his wife ---. The charter of Charles II "le Chauve" King of the West Franks dated 30 Jan 845 (possibly spurious, as explained in the Introduction) names "Valtruda, Valchigisi ducis de nostra progenie filia" as wife of "[Eudo Aquitanie dux"[20]. Her name and parentage have not been corroborated by other primary sources consulted.]"
Med Lands cites: GAV-37. He was yDuc d'Aquitaine et de Vasconie (See attached map of Aquitaine and Vasconie ca 710-740 from Wikipedia: Par Cette image a été réalisée par Zorion (User:Zorion) et placée sous les licences ci-dessus. Vous êtes libre de la réutiliser, pour n'importe quelle utilisation, tant que vous me citez en tant qu'auteur, Wikimedia Commons en tant que site et suivez les instructions des licences.Si vous modifiez, transformez ou adaptez cette création, pourriez-vous avoir l'amabilité de me laisser un message sur cette page. Merci — Travail personnelMap from Garikoitz Estornés Zubizarreta Ducado de Vasconia (Auñamendi Eusko Entziklopedia), CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=34950847) between 700 and 735.⁶

     Walacho/Walchisus (?) married Valtrude (?)

     GAV-40 EDV-40.

; Per Med Lands:
     "[WALACHO [Walchisus] . The Domus Carolingiæ Genealogia names (in order) "Flodulfum, Walchisum et Anschisum" as sons of "Arnulfum episcopum", specifying that Walchisus was father of "Wandregisilum confessorem Domini"[107]. The Vita S. Wandregisili records that “Walchisus” was “consobrinus…Pippini…Principis Francorum”[108]. Monlezun suggests that Walacho and Walchisus were the same person. The primary source which confirms that this is correct has not yet been identified. In any case, the chronology appears to be too extended, particularly in light of the death of his supposed son-in-law Eudes Duke of Aquitaine, for Walacho to have been the son of Arnoul. Until further information comes to light, this connection should be viewed with caution.]
     "m ---. The name of Walacho/Walchisus’s wife is not known."
Med Lands cites: Walacho/Walchisus (?) was also known as Walchigise (?) Count of Verdun.

     Valtrude (?) married Walacho/Walchisus (?), son of Saint Arnulf (Arnould) (?) Bishop of Metz and Dode (Clothilde) Heristal.

     GAV-40 EDV-40 GKJ-41.

     Waltrude (?) married Eudes (?) duc d'Aquitaine et de Vasconie, son of Boggis (Loup I?) (?) duc d'Aquitaine et de Vasconie and Oda (?).^2,1

      ; Per Med Lands:
     "[WALTRUDE . The charter of Charles II "le Chauve" King of the West Franks dated 30 Jan 845 (probably spurious, as explained in the document AQUITAINE DUKES) names "Valtruda, Valchigisi ducis de nostra progenie filia" as wife of "Eudo Aquitanie dux"[114].
     "m EUDES Duke of Aquitaine, son of [BOGGIS Duke of Aquitaine & his wife Oda ---] (-[735]).]"
Med Lands cites: [114] RHGF VIII, pp. 470-4.¹ GAV-39 EDV-40 GKJ-41. Waltrude (?) was also known as Valtrude (?)

     Hunoald I (?) duc d'Aquitaine et de Vasconie died in 774 at Pavia, Provincia di Pavia, Lombardia, Italy (now); Killed in battle.¹
      ; Per Wikipedia (Fr.):
     "Hunald Ier1 ou Hunaud Ier, né vers 705 et mort en 774, est duc d’Aquitaine et de Vasconie de 735 à 7692.
Présentation
     "Fils du duc Eudes d'Aquitaine, il succède à son père en 735 avec son frère Hatton, puis devient seul duc la même année, après avoir prêté serment de fidélité à Charles Martel3.
     "Il conteste le partage du royaume franc à la mort de Charles Martel en 741, en soutenant la révolte du duc Odilon de Bavière et de Griffon, fils de Martel et de sa seconde épouse, la princesse bavaroise Swanahilde. Pépin et Carloman, fils de Martel et de sa première épouse Rotrude, envahissent l’Aquitaine, occupent Bourges, Loches et s’arrêtent au Vieux-Poitiers. En représailles, Hunald réussit à s'emparer de Chartres qu'il détruit par le feu (743). En 745 les deux frères l’obligent à abdiquer en faveur de son fils Waïfre.
     "Contraint de se retirer au monastère de l’île de Ré, le duc s'exécute après avoir châtié cruellement, en lui crevant les yeux, son frère Hatton coupable d’être resté fidèle à Carloman et Pépin4.
     "Il est difficile de savoir si c’est le même Hunald Ier que l'on retrouve à la tête de l'insurrection des Aquitains en 769 au début du règne de Charlemagne, ou son petit-fils Hunald II. Toujours est-il que celui-ci fut livré à Charlemagne par Loup II, duc des Vascons et des Aquitains, chez qui il s'était réfugié. Il réussit cependant à s'enfuir en Italie chez Didier, roi des Lombards. Charlemagne étant venu attaquer le roi des Lombards, Hunald défendit longtemps Pavie avant d'être lapidé par les habitants qui voulaient se rendre.
Bibliographie
     "Michel Dillange, Les comtes de Poitou, ducs d'Aquitaine : 778-1204, Mougon, Geste éd., coll. « Histoire », 1995, 303 p., ill., couv. ill. en coul; 24 cm (ISBN 2-910919-09-9, ISSN 1269-9454, notice BnF no FRBNF35804152)
Notes et références
1. La généalogie d'Hunald sur le site Medieval Lands [archive]
2. Jean de Jaurgain, La Vasconie : étude historique et critique sur les origines du royaume de Navarre, du duché de Gascogne, des comtés de Comminges, d'Aragon, de Foix, de Bigorre, d'Alava & de Biscaye, de la vicomté de Béarn et des grands fiefs du duché de Gascogne, t. 1, PyréMonde (Ed.Régionalismes), 1898, 447 p. (ISBN 2846181446 et 9782846181846, OCLC 492934726, lire en ligne [archive])
3. Michel Dillange, Les comtes de Poitou, ducs d'Aquitaine : 778-1204, Mougon, Geste éd., coll. « Histoire », 1995, 303 p., ill., couv. ill. en coul; 24 cm (ISBN 2-910919-09-9, ISSN 1269-9454, notice BnF no FRBNF35804152), p. 19
3. Louis-Gabriel Michaud (Directeur de publication), Biographie universelle ancienne et moderne, vol. 20, Paris, Madame C. Desplaces, 1858 (notice BnF no FRBNF37126062), p. 158,159
4. Biographie universelle ancienne et moderne, volume 20, p.158 [archive] disponible sur Gallica"


Per Wikipedia:
     "Hunald I, also spelled Hunold, Hunoald, Hunuald or Chunoald at an unknown age (died 756), was the Duke of Aquitaine from 735 until 745. Although nominally he was an officer of the Merovingian kings of Francia, in practice Aquitaine was completely autonomous when he inherited it. His dukeship corresponds with the lowest point of the Merovingian monarchy, when the kingdom was in fact ruled by the mayors of the palace. Hunald was forced at the outset of his reign to accept the authority of the mayor of the palace Charles Martel, but he tried three times to throw it off in open revolt (736, 742 and 745). He was unsuccessful, although he did manage to retain Aquitaine undiminished. In 745, he retired to a monastery, giving power to his son Waiofar. He later went to Rome, where he died during an attack on the city.
     "In spite of the opinion of certain historians that Hunald left his monastery to lead Aquitaine again in 768, Hunald I seems to have been a different person from the Hunald II, probably his grandson, who led the revolt that followed the death of Waiofar.[1][2]
Succession
     "Hunald succeeded his father, Duke Odo the Great, after the latter's death in 735.[3] His brother Hatto seems to initially have acted alongside him.[4] Hunald, like his father, brother and son, possessed a name of Germanic origin.[5] The Aquitanian province that he inherited had been enlarged by his father (and possibly earlier ancestors also) to include territory along the Loire that had once been Neustrian and the Auvergne region that had been Austrasian.[6]
Relations with Charles Martel
     "In 735, Charles Martel led an expedition into Aquitaine. He marched the breadth of the country and occupied the well-fortified city of Bordeaux.[3] He is not recorded as having met any resistance. The purpose of this expedition seems to have been to take advantage of the death of Odo to alter the constitutional status of Aquitaine in the Frankish kingdom by forcing Hunald to recognise his lordship and to remit taxes (munera) to the royal government. The show of force worked. The Annales Mettenses priores record that Charles gave the duchy (ducatus) of Aquitaine to Hunald and made him and his brother Hatto give a "promise of faith" (promissio fidei) to him and his sons, Carloman I and Pippin III, and promise to remit taxes.[4][7] Following this success, Charles did not retain Bordeaux or any other part of Aquitaine, including those that had been added to it by Odo.[3][6]
     "The Vita Pardulfi, the late 8th-century life of Pardulf (died 737), records that Hunald succeeded his father as princeps, a term with royal connotations, and later served Charles as legatus.[8] Despite their promise of faith, Hunald and Hatto rebelled against Charles in 736. After considerable fighting, Hatto was captured by Charles's forces and handed over to Ainmar, bishop of Auxerre. Hatto subsequently escaped from prison, and Charles deposed Ainmar and had him imprisoned. He was later killed attempting to escape from prison. Hatto was betrayed by his own brother. Hunald invited him to a meeting at Poitiers, where he blinded him and imprisoned him in a monastery. The betrayal of Hatto was probably the price exacted by Charles in exchange for allowing Hunald to keep his duchy.[4][8][9]
     "The peace between Hunald and Charles seems to have persisted until Charles's death in 741,[4] although there is some evidence of low-level conflict. In 736–39, Charles Martel and his brother, Childebrand I, led several expeditions against the Umayyad forces occupying parts of Septimania and Provence. The Annals of Aniane, writing about a later date, record that Hunald's son Waiofar harassed the forces of Charles's son Pippin the Short during the latter's siege of Narbonne in 752–59 "as his father had done Charles Martel", implying that Hunald had harassed Charles's forces during the southern campaigns of 736–39. Despite achieving a crushing victory over the Umayyads at the battle of the River Berre in 737, Charles never besieged Narbonne, possibly because Hunald was threatening his lines of communication.[3]
Rebellion of 742
     "The most serious of Hunald's revolts was that of 742. This was undertaken in alliance with the dukes of Bavaria and Alemannia. All three dukes sought to regain their old autonomy following the death of Charles Martel. This also coincided with an interregnum, since no king had been appointed to succeed Theuderic IV after his death in 737.[7]
     "Having raised an army, the brothers crossed the Loire at Orléans and proceeded to sack the city of Bourges and the fortress of Loches.[10] In the words of the Chronicle of Fredegar:
     "The reference to Gascons (that is, Basques) probably indicates that Hunald had Gascon allies, since Gascony was a distinct land from Aquitaine at that time.[12] Before leaving Aquitaine, Carloman and Pippin met at Vieux-Poitiers to agree on a division of Francia between them, having imprisoned their illegitimate half-brother Grifo.[7] This division did not include Aquitaine in recognition of its continuing autonomy.[13]
     "In the autumn of 742, after Carloman and Pippin had left, Hunald crossed the Loire in support of Duke Odilo of Bavaria's ongoing revolt. He sacked the city of Chartres, where he is said to have burnt the church of Saint Mary to the ground.[7] This is the earliest mention of the church of Chartres which was to become the cathedral.[14] There is no record of Hunald meeting any opposition. In early 743, Carloman and Pippin placed a king on the throne, Childeric III, ending a six-year interregnum. This was probably in response to the poor defence put up by the counts against the invasion of Hunald. The ability to do so in the name of the king would increase the brothers' authority.[7]
Final submission, retirement and death
     "In 745, Carloman and Pippin invaded Aquitaine again to punish Hunald for the raid of 742. According to the Annales Mettenses priores, Hunald knew that he could not resist and so swore an oath to obey their "every will" (omnem voluntatem), gave hostages and remitted the taxes owed. This was a humiliation for him and he soon retired to a monastery on the Île de Ré.[7] In the words of the Annales Mettense, he, "taking off the crown on his head and swearing a monk's vow, entered the monastery that is on the isle of Ré". He was succeeded by his son Waiofar.[3]
     "About 752, Hunald went to Rome, where he joined one of the suburban monasteries attached to Saint Peter's Basilica. In 756, Rome was attacked by the Lombard king Aistulf. The suburbs were undefended and Hunald died in the fighting. Probably, as an experienced war leader, he had taken charge of the defence of Saint Peter's,[15] although he may have been stoned to death.[1][16]
     "Hunald was probably the inspiration for the character Huon de Bordeaux of the eponymous twelfth-century chanson de geste.[17]
Notes
a. French: Hunaud.
b. The Aquitanians were called Romans because they followed Roman law, specifically the compendium known as the Breviary of Alaric. This was confirmed as the supreme law of Aquitaine by Pippin the Short in 768. Cf. James 1982, p. 19
1. Pfister 1911, p. 892.
2. Higounet 1963, p. 291.
3. Lewis 1965, pp. 22–24.
4. Bachrach 2001, pp. 30–33.
5. Higounet 1963, p. 204.
6. Lewis 1976, p. 401.
7. Bachrach 2001, pp. 39–41.
8. Wood 1994, p. 284.
9. Higounet 1963, pp. 23–24.
10. Wood 1994, p. 288.
11. Wallace-Hadrill 1906, p. 98.
12. Lewis 1965, p. 11n.
13. McKitterick 1983, p. 50.
14. Knitter 2000, p. 1.
15. Duchesne 1914, pp. 317–18.
16. Duchesne 1886, p. 441; for analysis, cf. pp. ccxxvii–ccxxviii and 456n.
17. Bellarbre 2014, para. 18.
Sources
** Bachrach, Bernard (2001). Early Carolingian Warfare: Prelude to Empire. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
** Bellarbre, Julien (2014). "La « nation » aquitaine dans l'historiographie monastique du sud de la Loire (VIIIe–XIIe siècles)"". Revue de l'Institut Français d'Histoire en Allemagne. 6. Retrieved 21 May 2018.
** Collins, Roger (1990). The Basques. London: Blackwell.
** Duchesne, Louis, ed. (1886). Le Liber Pontificalis: Texte, introduction et commentaire. Vol. 1. Paris: Ernest Thorin.
** Duchesne, Louis (1914). "Notes sur la topographie de Rome au moyen-âge — XII, Vaticana (suite)". Mélanges de l'école française de Rome. 34: 307–56.
** Higounet, Charles (1963). Bordeaux pendant le Haut Moyen Âge. Bordeaux: Fédération historique du Sud-Ouest.
** James, Edward (1982). The Origins of France: From Clovis to the Capetians, 500–1000. Basingstoke: Macmillan.
** Knitter, Brian John (2000). Thierry of Chartres and the West Façade Sculpture of Chartres Cathedral (Master's thesis). San Jose State University.
** Lewis, Archibald Ross (1965). The Development of Southern French and Catalan Society, 718–1050. Austin: University of Texas Press.
** Lewis, Archibald Ross (1976). "The Dukes in the Regnum Francorum, A.D. 550–751". Speculum. 51 (3): 381–410.
** McKitterick, Rosamond (1983). The Frankish Kingdoms under the Carolingians, 751–987. London: Longman.
** Pfister, Christian (1911). "Hunald, Duke of Aquitaine". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 13 (11th ed.) Cambridge University Press. p. 892.
** Wallace-Hadrill, J. M., ed. (1960). The Fourth Book of the Chronicle of Fredegar. London: Thomas Nelson.
** Wood, Ian N. (1994). The Merovingian Kingdoms, 450–751. London: Longman.
Further reading
** Rouche, Michel (1979). L'Aquitaine des Wisigoths aux Arabes, 418–781: Naissance d'une région. Paris: Editions Jean Touzot."^3,4

; Per Med Lands:
     "HUNOALD (-killed in battle Pavia 774). The Annales Metenses names "Hunaldo filio Eodonis"[21]. The charter of Charles II "le Chauve" King of the West Franks dated 30 Jan 845 (possibly spurious, as explained in the Introduction) names "primogenito Hunaldo" as son of "Eudone Boggisi filio"[22]. Duke of Aquitaine. The Continuator of Fredegar names "Chunoaldo duce filio Eudone" when recording that Gascon rebels joined him in Aquitaine[23]. The Royal Frankish Annals record that Carloman and Pepin, joint maiores domus of the Franks, captured the castle of Loches from "Hunald Duke of the Aquitainians" in 742[24]. The Annales Metenses records that "Hunaldus" retired as a monk to the monastery “Radis insola” [L'Isle de Ré] in 744 and left “filium...suum Waifarium in principatu”[25]. He was restored as duke after the death of his son in 768, renewed the war against Charles I King of the Franks, but was defeated. He sought protection from Loup Duke of Gascony at Fronsac, but the latter delivered him to King Charles who had threatened to invade Gascony[26]. According to Monlezun, Hunoald was killed during the siege of Pavia after he had sought refuge with Desiderius King of the Lombards in Italy[27], but the primary source on which this is based has not yet been identified.
     "m ---. The name of Hunoald's wife is not known. The Annales Laurissenses record that King Pepin held "matrem Waipharii et sororem eius et neptas eius" in 768 at "Sanctiones civitatem" before moving as far as "Garonnam"[28]. The Annales Metenses refers to "matrem Waifarii et sororem eius ac neptos" being captured by King Pepin in 768, without naming any of them[29]. A clue to her origin is provided by the Continuator of Fredegar which names "Waiofarius princeps…Mantione comite consubrino suo"[30]. "Mantio comes" has not otherwise been identified, but "consobrinus" indicates that he was Waifar's first cousin on his mother's side, assuming that the primary source uses the term in its strict sense."
Med Lands cites: He was Duc d'Aquitaine et de Vasconie (See attached map of Aquitaine and Vasconie ca 710-740 from Wikipedia: Par Cette image a été réalisée par Zorion (User:Zorion) et placée sous les licences ci-dessus. Vous êtes libre de la réutiliser, pour n'importe quelle utilisation, tant que vous me citez en tant qu'auteur, Wikimedia Commons en tant que site et suivez les instructions des licences.Si vous modifiez, transformez ou adaptez cette création, pourriez-vous avoir l'amabilité de me laisser un message sur cette page. Merci — Travail personnelMap from Garikoitz Estornés Zubizarreta Ducado de Vasconia (Auñamendi Eusko Entziklopedia), CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=34950847) between 735 and 745.^3,5

     Robert (?) of Atholl, 2nd Ch of Clan Donnachaidh was 2nd Chieftain of Clan Donnachaidh.¹

     Hatton (?) duc d'Aquitaine et de Vasconie married Wandrade (?)¹

Hatton (?) duc d'Aquitaine et de Vasconie died in 744.¹
Hatton (?) duc d'Aquitaine et de Vasconie was buried in 744 at Limoges, Haute-Vienne, France (now).¹
     GAV-36.

; Per Wikipedia (Fr.):
     "Hatton aurait éventuellement été duc d’Aquitaine et de Vasconie en 735, à la mort de son père Eudes d'Aquitaine, conjointement à son frère Hunald Ier.
     "Il avait sa résidence à Poitiers. Refusant de reconnaître la suzeraineté de Charles Martel, il doit faire face à celui-ci, qui prend Bordeaux et le capture peu après1.
     "Il reste ensuite soumis aux Carolingiens. Quand son frère Hunald se soumet finalement, ce dernier lui crève les yeux avant de se retirer dans un monastère de l’île de Ré.
     "Son fils Eudes dit d'Oisy serait à l'origine de la première Maison d'Oisy et fut nommé en 780 châtelain de Cambrai et seigneur d'Oisy par celui qui deviendra Charlemagne, en compensation de la perte de ses biens en Aquitaine. Cet Eudes épousera Elissende dite de Walincourt et Crèvecœur et le couple est la tige de nombreuses familles nobles du Cambrésis.
Sources
** Jean Le Carpentier, Histoire de Cambrai et du Cambrésis, 1639, Leyde.
** Liste des seigneurs d'Oisy: https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste_des_seigneurs_d%27Oisy
** Études historiques dédiées à la mémoire de M. Roger Rodière Commission départementale des Monuments historiques du Pas de Calais.
** Armorial général des registres de la noblesse de France. de Louis Pierre d'Hozier 1867 page 94 Maison de Clary-Walincourt d'après La Chesnay.
Références
1. Michel Dillange, Les comtes de Poitou, ducs d'Aquitaine : 778-1204, Mougon, Geste éd., coll. « Histoire », 1995, 303 p., ill., couv. ill. en coul; 24 cm (ISBN 2-910919-09-9, ISSN 1269-9454, notice BnF no FRBNF35804152), p. 18."²

; Per Med Lands:
     "HATTO (-after 744, bur Limoges). The Annales Metenses records that "Hunaldus dux” deceived “germanum suum nomine Hattonem" to visit him “de Pictavis” and blinded and imprisoned him[45].
     "m [WANDRADE, daughter of ---. The charter of Charles II "le Chauve" King of the West Franks dated 30 Jan 845 (possibly spurious, as explained in the Introduction) names "Vandradæ comitissæ" as "matris sui progenitoris" when referring to "Vandregisilus"[46]. Her name has not been corroborated by other primary sources consulted.]"
Med Lands cites: He was Duc d'Aquitaine et de Vasconie (See attached map of Aquitaine and Vasconie ca 710-740 from Wikipedia: Par Cette image a été réalisée par Zorion (User:Zorion) et placée sous les licences ci-dessus. Vous êtes libre de la réutiliser, pour n'importe quelle utilisation, tant que vous me citez en tant qu'auteur, Wikimedia Commons en tant que site et suivez les instructions des licences.Si vous modifiez, transformez ou adaptez cette création, pourriez-vous avoir l'amabilité de me laisser un message sur cette page. Merci — Travail personnelMap from Garikoitz Estornés Zubizarreta Ducado de Vasconia (Auñamendi Eusko Entziklopedia), CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=34950847) between 735 and 735.^2,3

     Haldetrudis/Adaltrudis (?) married Clothaire/Chlothachar II "Le Jeune, Le Grand" (?) King of the Franks, son of Chilperic I (?) King of Soissons and Paris and Fredegonde (?),
;
His 1st wife.^3,4,2,5
Haldetrudis/Adaltrudis (?) died in 604; Murdered.^3,5
      ; Per Genealogy.EU (Merovingians 2): “[3m.] Chlothar II "Le Jeune, Le Grand" (Chlothachar II), *18.10.584, +4.1./18.10.629, King of Soissons (584), Paris (613-629), Orléans (613-629), Metz (613-623), Bourgogne (613-629); 1m: Hadeltrude N (+604); 2m: Beretrude/Bertrude (*Neustrie ?, +620); 3m: 618 Sichilde N, sister of Gometrude, wife of King Dagobert I of Metz (Austrasie) and Paris (Neustrie)”.³

; Per Med Lands:
     "CHLOTHACHAR [Clotaire], son of CHILPERICH I King of the Franks & his third wife Frédégonde (Spring 584-[18] Oct 629, bur Paris Church of St Vincent[353]). Gregory of Tours records the birth of a son to King Chilperich[354], dated to early 584 from the context, although in a later passage in which he names him Clotaire he records that he was four months old when his father died[355]. The Liber Historiæ Francorum records the birth of "Chlotharium [filius Chilperici]" around the same time as the death of his older brother Theoderich[356]. He succeeded his father in 584 as CLOTAIRE II King of the Franks, under the regency of his mother Queen Frédégonde. He was defeated by his cousins, the brothers King Theodebert II and King Theoderich II, in 600 on the banks of the river Orvanne near Dormelles, after which he agreed terms under which he held only twelve cantons between the Seine, the Oise and the sea[357]. After the defeat of King Theodebert II in 612, and death of King Theoderich II in 613, the Austrasian nobility invited King Clotaire to lead their rebellion against Queen Brunechilde. After the capture, torture and murder of the queen, Clotaire was recognised as sole King of the Franks. In 623, he was obliged to accede to the request of the Austrasians for their own king and installed his son Dagobert as King of Austrasia.
     "[m [firstly] ADALTRUDIS, daughter of --- (-bur Rouen Saint-Pierre). "Hlotharii rege Francorum…duæ uxores reginæ…Haldetrudis…et Bertetrudis" were buried in "basilica sancti Petri apostolic Rothomacum"[358]. The editor of the compilation in which this text is reproduced suggests that "Haldetrudis" is in fact an error for a variation of "Waldrada", the widow of King Theodebald who reportedly married King Clotaire I, not King Clotaire II, as his fifth wife. This first marriage of King Clotaire II is dubious. If it is correct that Merovech was the son of King Clotaire II (which is uncertain, see below), the estimated birth date of King Clotaire's known son Dagobert (in [610/11]) suggests that his older brother (reportedly active in 604) must have been born from an earlier union, although it is possible that his mother was the king's concubine rather than his wife.]
     "m [firstly/secondly] BERETRUDIS [Bertrada or Berthe], daughter of --- (-[618/19], bur Rouen Saint-Pierre). The Gesta Dagoberti names "Bertedrude regina" as wife of "Chlotharius filius Chilperici" and mother of King Dagobert[359]. Fredegar names "Erchynoaldus…consanguineus…de genetricis Dagoberti" as maior domus in Neustria after the death of Aega[360], although the exact relationship between Erchinoald and Beretrudis is not known. Settipani suggests[361] that she may have been the daughter of Richomer, patricius of Burgundy & his wife Garitrudis, maternal grandparents of Erchinoald. Fredegar records that "Bertetrudis regina" died in the 35th year of the reign of King Clotaire II[362], although there must be some doubt about the dating in light of the birth of Chilperich, son of King Clotaire's son by his marriage to Sichildis (see below). "Hlotharii rege Francorum…duæ uxores reginæ…Haldetrudis…et Bertetrudis" were buried in "basilica sancti Petri apostolic Rothomacum"[363].
     "m [secondly/thirdly] ([618/19]) SICHILDIS, sister of GOMATRUDIS[364], daughter of ---. The Gesta Dagoberti records that, after the death of "Bertedrude regina", her husband married "Sichildem"[365]. The Gesta Dagoberti names "Brunulfus…frater Sichildis reginæ"[366]. According to Fredegar, her husband accused her of "misconduct" with Boso of Etampes, son of Audolenus, whom the king ordered killed by Duke Arnebert[367]."
Med Lands cites: GAV-42.

Reference: Genealogics cites: Stammtafeln zur Geschichte der Europäischen Staaten, 4 volumes, Marburg, 1953, 1975., W. K. Prinz von Isenburg, Reference: I 1.⁵

     Urraca Garcés (?) de Navarre was born circa 945.⁶ She married Fernando Gonzalez de Lara Conde de Lara, Conde de Castile y de Alava, son of Gonzalo Fernández de Lara Conde en Burgos, Conde en Castilla and Muniadomna (?) de Asturias, between 960 and 962
;
His 2nd wife, her 1st husband.^{1,3,7,8,9,4,10} Urraca Garcés (?) de Navarre married Guillaume I Sancho (?) Duc de Gascogne, son of Sancho III/IV Garcés (?) Duc de Gascogne, after 14 July 972.^1,11,4,10,12

Urraca Garcés (?) de Navarre died on 12 August 1041; Med Lands says d. [12 Jul], before 3 Apr [1009].^1,4,10
      ; per Farmerie: "Teresa can be presumed to be mother of Jimeno, a younger son of Garcia Sanchez, but he only appears in a couple of documents, with no known spouse or family. Finally, Teresa is assigned as mother of Urraca, Garcia's daughter. She married first, Fernan Gonzalez, Count of Castile and traditional pedigrees have invented bogus children, such as the Pedro said to be ancestor of Salvadorez and Lara, but probably was childless by him, and his death followed the marriage rather quickly. Urraca then married William Sancho of Gascony, having sons Bernard and Sancho William, and daughter Prisca, wife of William V of Aquitaine, whose son Eudes eventually inherited Gascony. There are claims of both female-line descent from Prisca, and illegitimate descent from Sancho William, but neither seem credible. That being said, Salazar y Acha has recently split Urraca into two. That she was daughter of Teresa is forced by her apparent survival to 1041, but Salazar has suggested that there were two Urraca's: the daughter of Garcia Sanchez being older, born to Andregota and married to William Sancho, then a second Urraca, derived from the Counts of Castile, married to Sancho WIlliam and being the woman who lived to 1041. Were this the case, then any descent from Urraca, daughter of Garcia Sanchez would not entail descent from Teresa. (It should be said that the reconstructions regarding Gascony are a mess, and I am not in a position to clarify them). The take-home message is that if there are descents, they are obscure and perhaps unknowable."⁵

Reference: Genealogics cites: Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag Marburg., Detlev Schwennicke, Editor, Reference: II 51,54.⁴

; Per Med Lands:
     "URRACA García . "Garsea rex…cum genitrice…Tuta regina et cum filiis Sancio et Ranimiro adque Urraka" donated property to the monastery of San Martín de Albelda by charter dated 953, witnessed by "Sancio rex et Ranimiro rex…"[259]. "Santio rex simulque frater meus Ranimirus et dompna Urraca regina" confirmed a donation to the monastery of San Millán de la Cogolla by charter dated 971, confirmed by "…Dompna Urraca, eiusdem regis germana, Garsea ipsius regis filius…Furtunio Galindonis dux, sennor Eximino Santionis, Furtunio Garseanis…"[260]. same person as…? URRACA (-[12 Jul], before 3 Apr [1009]). Her parentage and two marriages are shown in Europäische Stammtafeln[261], but the primary source which confirms that they are correct has not yet been identified. Del Pino assumes that her first marriage is correct when he records that Urraca took the initiative to free Fernando González Conde de Castilla, captured by the forces of King García III in 960, married him and escaped to Burgos[262]. She is not named in any of the documents in the compilation relating to the county of Castile[263]. The timing of her reappearance at the court of Navarre to sign the 971 charter quoted above is consistent with her having been recently widowed from her supposed first husband. Concerning her second marriage, the charter dated 992 under which her brother Sancho King of Navarre donated property to the monastery of San Millán de la Cogolla is signed, among others, by "…Sancio filius Gogelmi comitis…" (apparently Urraca's son by this supposed second marriage)[264]. The charter dated 993, under which "Willelmus Sancius comes" restored the monastery of Saint-Sever, also appears to confirm his wife´s royal parentage when it records that "meæ conjugis Urracæ, ex regali stirpe procedentis…" consented to the restoration[265]. "Willelmus Sancius comes et dominus totius Vasconie, cum Urraca sua muliere" donated the church of Sainte-Susanne to the abbey of Saint-Jean de Sorde by undated charter[266]. "Willelmus Sancius comes et dominus totius Vasconie, cum Urraca sua muliere" donated the church of Sainte-Susanne to the abbey of Saint-Jean de Sorde by undated charter[267]. "Willelmus Sancius comes et dominus totius Vasconie, cum Urraca sua muliere" donated the church of Sainte-Susanne to the abbey of Saint-Jean de Sorde by undated charter[268]. The Historia Abbatiæ Condomensis quotes a charter dated 29 Jul 1011 under which "Ugo…Præsul, secundum lineam carnis eidem Duci propinquis et affinis" donated property to the convent of Condom, for the souls of "meorumque parentum, item Garsiæ-Sanctii Comitis et filii sui Sanctii-Garsiæ Comitis, et Guillermi-Sanctii Comitis et Gimbaldi Episcopi, et Guillelmi Comitis, et Garsiæ Comitis, et Bernardi-Guillelmi Comitis, et Urachæ Comitissæ"[269]. She died before 3 Apr [1009], the date of the charter under which her son "Bernardus Willelmus comes…cum germano meo Sancio" confirmed, "annuente beatæ memoriæ matre mea Urraca", the foundation of Saint-Sever by "genitor meus Willelmus Sancio comes", this wording suggesting that Urraca died only shortly before the confirmation especially as the document is purportedly signed by "Urracæ comitissæ"[270]. The necrology of Saint-Sever records the death "IV Id Jul…1041" of "Urraca comitissa"[271]. However, either the year is incorrect or this entry refers to another "Urraca comitissa". Even without the evidence of the 3 Apr [1009] charter, Urraca would have been well over 90 years in 1041 if this entry refers to the wife of Guillaume Sancho.
     "m firstly (before 26 Dec 955) as his second wife, FERNANDO González Conde de Castilla, son of GONZALO Fernández Conde de Castilla & his wife Muniadomna [de Asturias] ([910]-Jun 970).
     "m secondly (after 14 Jul 972) GUILLAUME Sanchez Comte de Gascogne, son of [SANCHO Garcia] & his wife --- (-[996])."
Med Lands cites:

     Chinthila (?) King of the West Goths died in 640.¹
     He was King of the West Goths between 636 and 640.¹