Person Page - 335

     Conde Diego Fernández de Asturias (?) married Cristina Fernandez (?), daughter of Conde Fernando Gundemáriz (?) and Muniadomna Ordóñez (?),
;
His 2nd wife.^2,1 Conde Diego Fernández de Asturias (?) married Elvira Ovéquiz (?)
;
His 1st wife.³
Conde Diego Fernández de Asturias (?) died before 24 July 1046.¹
     ; Per Weis [1992:104]: "2. El Cid (Rodrigo Diaz de Bibar (Vivar)), b. ca 1043, d. Valencia, 10 July 1099, "el Campeador," great national hero of Spain, subj. of epic poems & ballads, ruler Valencia 15 June 1094-1099, s. Diego Lainez de Bibar in Castile, d. ca. 1058, m. 14 July 1074, Jimena (Ximena), d. ca. 1115, dau. Diego, Count de Oviedo, and Cristina (great-grandau. Alfonso V, King of Leon). (Moriarty, The Plantagenet Ancestry, pp. 82, 109-110; Joseph R. Strayer, er., Dict. of the Middle Ages, vol. 3, p. 386)."⁴ GAV-27 EDV-27.

; Med Lands shows the father of Pedro Diaz de Asturias (de Valle) to be Diego Gutiérrez and his mother to have been Gotina Pérez. Others seem to have a different family history (possibly a different family).⁵ Conde Diego Fernández de Asturias (?) was also known as Diego Count of Oviedo.

Reference: Stone [2000] Chart 20-1.⁶

; Per Med Lands:
     "DIEGO Fernández (-[before 24 Jul 1046]). There are two possibilities for the parentage of Diego Fernández. Either he could have been Diego Fernández, son of Fernando Gundemáriz & his wife Muniadomna Ordóñez or, secondly, he could have been Diego Fernández, son of Fernando Flaínez & his wife Elvira Peláez. Discussion about the relative merits of each case appears to revolve around the description of his daughter Jimena as "nieta del rey don Alfonsso [indicating Alfonso VI King of Castile], filla del conte don Diago de Asturias" in the "Corónicas" Navarras (as well as in other narrative sources)[491]. Menéndez Pidal, in order to explain this family relationship, hypothesised that Diego´s [second] wife “Cristina” was the daughter of Fernando Gundemáriz and his supposed wife “Jimena, daughter of Alfonso V King of León”[492]. This approach would be consistent with the second possible parentage noted above, but as discussed in Part F of the present chapter under Fernando Gundemáriz, there appear to be several difficulties with the hypothesis. A more straightforward solution is the first possible parentage noted above, which would satisfactorily explain the family relationship with King Alfonso VI and does not require any speculation about the parentage of Diego´s second wife. Conde. "Diaco Fernandiz comes" confirmed the charter dated 19 Jan [1026] under which "Stephanus presbiter" donated "ipsa corte" to the monastery of San Andrés, San Facundo and San Martín in Tolia, Zamora[493]. “...Didacus Fredenandiz comes...” subscribed the charter dated 30 Dec 1028 under which Vermudo III King of León donated “villam...Cordario” to Santiago de Compostela[494]. The 24 Jul 1046 charter of his daughter Oneca [Mayor] appears to indicate that her parents were both deceased at that date.
     "m [firstly] ELVIRA Ovéquiz, daughter of conde OVECO Sánchez & his wife Elo ---. Her parentage and marriage are confirmed by a charter dated 24 Jul 1046 which refers to property which “comitissa domna Gelvira et…viro suo Didaco Fredenandi” inherited from “comite domno Oveco et domna Eilo”, another charter dated 19 Apr 1058 specifying that “conde Oveco Sanchez” was father of Elvira[495].
     "[m secondly [CRISTINA], daughter of [FERNANDO Gundemáriz & his wife Muniadomna Ordóñez]. Torres refers to a copy of a document at Oviedo, the original of which has disappeared, which names “Cristina” as the mother of Jimena, daughter of Diego Fernández Conde [in Asturias] and wife of Rodrigo Díaz "el Cid"[496]. Menéndez Pidal hypothesises that Diego´s wife was the daughter of Fernando Gundemáriz[497]. As noted above, another possibility is to identify Diego Fernández with the son of Fernando Gundemáriz (see above). It should be noted that it is not necessary that Conde Diego married a second wife at all in order to explain the various family relationships which are specified in the charters quoted in this section.]"
Med Lands cites:

; Per Med Lands:
     "[CRISTINA . Torres refers to a copy of a document at Oviedo, the original of which has disappeared, which names “Cristina” as the mother of Jimena, daughter of Diego Fernández Conde [in Asturias] and wife of Rodrigo Díaz "el Cid"[482]. Menéndez Pidal hypothesises that Diego´s wife was the daughter of Fernando Gundemáriz[483]. As noted above, another possibility is to identify Diego Fernández with the son of Fernando Gundemáriz (see above). It should be noted that it is not necessary that Conde Diego married a second wife at all in order to explain the various family relationships which are specified in the charters quoted in this section.
     "m [as his second wife,] DIEGO Fernández Conde [in Asturias, son of ---.]"
Med Lands cites:

; Per Med Lands:
     "ELVIRA Ovéquiz . Her parentage and marriage are confirmed by a charter dated 24 Jul 1046 which refers to property which “comitissa domna Gelvira et…viro suo Didaco Fredenandi” inherited from “comite domno Oveco et domna Eilo”, another charter dated 19 Apr 1058 specifying that “conde Oveco Sanchez” was father of Elvira[141].
     "m as his first wife, conde DIEGO Fernández, son of --- (-[before 24 Jul 1046])."
Med Lands cites:

     García III/V Sánchez "el de Najera" (?) King of Navarre was born between 1014 and 1015; Genealogy.EU says b. aft 1020; Maria Escobar says b. 1014/1015; Genealogics says b. ca 1011; Med Lands says b. 1005/10.^1,6,4,5 He married Estaphania de Foix Queen of Navarre, daughter of Bernardo I Roger (?) Cde de Couserans, de Foix et de Bigorre and Gersinde (?) Comtesse de Bigorre, in 1038
; See Med Lands note regarding discussion of a possible earlier first marriage for Estaphania.^{1,7,8,9,10,11,4,5}
García III/V Sánchez "el de Najera" (?) King of Navarre died on 1 September 1054 at Atapuerca, Spain (now); defeated and killed by his brother, Ferdinand I, King of Castile; Genealogics sayhs d. 15 Sep 1054.^{12,13,14,1,4,5}
García III/V Sánchez "el de Najera" (?) King of Navarre was buried after 15 September 1054 at Monasterio de Santa María la Real of Nájera, Najera, La Rioja, Spain; From Find A Grave:
     BIRTH     1010, Spain
     DEATH     15 Sep 1054 (aged 43–44), Spain
     García Sánchez III, was king of Navarre from 1035 to 1054. He was the eldest legitimate son and heir of Sancho the Great, born November 1016, and he succeeded his father to the crown of Navarre, becoming feudal overlord over two of his brothers: Ramiro, who was given lands that would serve as the basis for the kingdom of Aragón; and Gonzalo, who received the counties of Sobrarbe and Ribagorza. Likewise, he had some claim to suzerainty over his brother Ferdinand, who under their father had served as Count of Castile, nominally subject to the Kingdom of León but brought under the personal control of Sancho III.
     In 1037, Ferdinand requested García's aid against his brother-in-law, Bermudo III of León, at the Battle of Tamarón near Pisuerga. The two brothers defeated Bermudo, who died in battle, the final king of the male line of Peter of Cantabria, and Ferdinand succeeded in León.
     By aiding Ferdinand, García received his brother's favour and, in a repartition of Castile, he expanded Navarre to the Bay of Santander, incorporating the entire Basque Country. Soon he was confronted by his brother Ramiro at Tafalla (1043) and defeated him, but this victory resulted in the effective independence of Ramiro.
     García was one of the Christian kings to profit greatly from the weakened taifa kingdoms that arose through the disintegration of central control by the Caliphate of Córdoba. In 1045, he conquered Calahorra. Relations eventually soured with Ferdinand and war broke out between the fraternal kingdoms, García dying in the Battle of Atapuerca, September 15, 1054.
     His nickname comes from his foundation of the monastery of Santa María la Real of Najera.
     He was married, in 1038, to Estefanía, daughter either of Bernard-Roger, Count of Bigorre or his brother-in-law Ramon Borrell, Count of Barcelona (her dowry was the Cameros), and they produced eight children (four sons, four daughters):
     He also had illegitimate issue:
     After García's death, Estefanía is said to have remarried to Roger de Tosny, a Norman adventurer, although this marriage is not documented and seems unlikely since she does not mention such marriage when she executed her will in 1066, naming all her children and making several donations to the monastery founded by her late husband the king. Estefanía may have been a widow at the time of her marriage to García. The Chronica Naierensis tells of the marriage of an illegitimate son of García (presumed to be Sancho) to his stepsister, a daughter of Estefanía by a former husband
     Family Members
     Parents
          Sancho of Navarre III unknown–1035
          Munia Mayor of Castile unknown–1066
     Spouse
          Estefania de Foix 1022–1066
     Siblings
          Ramiro I of Aragon 1000–1063
          Fernando I King Of Castile And Leon 1017–1065
     BURIAL     Monaterio de Santa María la Real of Nájera, Najera, Provincia de La Rioja, La Rioja, Spain
     Created by: Kat
     Added: 23 May 2012
     Find a Grave Memorial 90648145.¹⁵
      ; Per Genealogics:
     “Garcia was the eldest legitimate son and heir of Sancho III 'el Mayor', king of Navarre, count of Aragón and Castile, and Munia Mayor of Castile. He not only received the patrimony of his family, but he was also given seniority among his brothers, a sort of 'High Kingship'. However, his father divided his many conquests among Garcia's brothers: Ramiro, the eldest but illegitimate son, received the petty kingdom of Aragón; Fernando, the second eldest legitimate son, received Castile (which his father received through marriage to his mother); and his youngest son (legitimate), Gonzalo, received the kingdoms of Sobrarbe and Ribagorza.
     “In 1037 Fernando requested Garcia's aid against his brother-in-law Vermudo III, king of Leén, in battle near Pisuerga. The two brothers defeated Vermudo, who died in battle, the final descendant of Pedro de Cantabria, and Fernando succeeded in León. By aiding Fernando, Garcia received his brother's favour and, in a repartition of Castile, he expanded Navarre to the bay of Santander and incorporating the entire Basque country.
     “In 1038, probably in Barcelona, Garcia married Estefania de Foix, daughter of Bernardo Roger, comte de Couserans de Foix et de Bigorre, and Garsenda, comtesse de Bigorre. She and Garcia had nine children, of whom Ramiro and Garcia would have progeny. Garcia also had illegitimate sons, of whom Sancho Garcés would have progeny.
     “In 1043 Garcia was confronted by his brother Ramiro at Tafalla, and defeated him.
     “Garcia was one of the Christian kings to profit greatly from the weakened taifa kingdoms inhabiting the 'vacuum' that was the caliphate of Córdoba. In 1045 he conquered Calahorra.
     “Relations eventually soured with Fernando and war broke out between the fraternal kingdoms, Garcia dying in the Battle of Atapuerca on 15 September 1054. His nickname 'El de Nájera' comes from his foundation of the monastery of Santa Maria la Real in Nájera. After Garcia's death Estefania is said to have married Roger de Tosny, a Norman adventurer. Estefania may have been a widow at the time of her marriage to Garcia. A traditional poem tells of the marriage of an illegitimate son of Garcia (presumed to be Sancho) to his step-sister, a daughter of Estefania by a former husband.”.⁴

; Per Escobar email [2005]:
     "Francisco Tavares de Almeyda wrote: 'But Fernando's position was peculiar because he inherited Castile from his mother (Garcia being son of Sancho's 1st marriage and not of Munia of Castile) so he was a'
     "This is not exact. García was, like Fernando, Gonzalo and their sisters, son of Sancho and Munia-Mayor of Castilla. Sancho and Munia were already married in 1.010, as we can see in the documents, for example in San Millán charts. García was born in 1.014-15 and Fernando probably in 1.016. Ramiro probably was born when his father was still unmarried. Fernando inherited Castilla from his mother and Gonzalo inherited Ribagorza and Sobrarbe also from his mother, who had inherite this countries from an aunt without children.
     "There is a new work about García and his time: "García Sánchez III "el de Najera", un rey y un reino en la europa del siglo XI." XV Semana de Estudios medievalaes. Nájera, Tricio y San Millán de la Cogolla 2004. Instituo de Estudios Riojanos. Logroño, 2.005."⁶

; This is the same person as:
”García Sánchez III of Pamplona” at Wikipedia, as
”García IV de Navarre” at Wikipédia (Fr.),
and as ”García Sánchez III de Pamplona” at Wikipedia (Es.)^16,17,18

Reference: Genealogics cites: García III/V Sánchez "el de Najera" (?) King of Navarre was also known as Garcia III Sanchez King of Navarre.^2,19,1 GAV-27 EDV-27 GKJ-28. García III/V Sánchez "el de Najera" (?) King of Navarre was also known as Garcia VI King of Navarre.

; Per Med Lands:
     "GARCÍA Sánchez de Navarra, son of SANCHO III "el Mayor" King of Navarre & his wife Munia Mayor de Castilla (Nov [1005/10]-killed in battle Atapuerca 1 Sep 1054, bur Santa María de Nájera[402]). The Anales Toledanos record the birth “en el mes de Noviembre” in 1016 of “el Infant fillo del Rey D. Sancho…Garcia Sanchez”[403]. Bearing in mind the likely chronology of García´s illegitimate daughter Mencía, it is likely that he was born a few years earlier than 1016. “Ranimirus proles regis, Garseanes frater eius, Gundisaluus frater eius, Ferdinandus frater eius” confirmed the charter dated 17 Apr 1014 under which “Sancius…rex…cum coniuge mea regina domina Maiora” donated property to the monastery of Leire, although the absence of the brother Bernardo suggests that this charter should be redated to approximately ten years later[404]. "Sancius…rex" recommended the rule of St Benedict to the monastery of Leire by charter dated 21 Oct 1022, subscribed by "Eximina regina mater regis, Regina domna Muma, Garsia et Ranimirus, Gundesalbus et Fernandus"[405]. "Sancius rex et uxor mea Muma dompna regina" donated property to the monastery of Yarte y Anoz by charter dated 17 May 1024, confirmed by "Garsias regulus, Ranimirus frater eius, Gunçalvus frater eius, Fredinandus frater horum…"[406]. The charter of "Sancius Hispaniarum rex" dated 26 Jun 1033 relating to concessions to the monastery of Oriense was confirmed by his sons (in order) "Ranimirus…Garsea…Fredinandus"[407]. Under the division of territories organised by his father, he received Navarre, succeeding in 1035 as GARCÍA V "él de Nájera” King of Navarre. The Historia Silense records that King Sancho granted "Pampilonensibus" to "Garsiam primogenitum"[408]. He invaded the territory of Castile but was defeated and killed in battle by his brother Fernando I King of Castile[409]. The Chronicon Regum Legionensium records that Fernando I King of Castile killed "his brother King García" in battle at Atapuerca and captured his kingdom "in the era 1095 (1057)"[410]. The manuscript of the Codex de Roda entitled "Initium regnum Pampilonam" records that "Garsea rex" was killed in 1054 "in Ataporca" and buried "in Nagera"[411]. The Chronicon Burgense records that “Garseas Rex” was killed in 1054 “a fratre suo Ferdinando in Ataporca”[412].
     "m ([Barcelona] 1038) [as her second husband,] ESTEFANÍA, [widow of ---,] (-after 1066). "Garsea…rex, Sancionis regis filius…cum coniuge mea domina Stefania regina" granted two monasteries to abbot Gómez of Yábar by charter dated 1040[413]. The primary source which confirms her parentage has not yet been identified. According to Marca, "les mémoires du convent de Nagara" state that she was "fille du comte de Foix", but he does not provide a direct quote or source reference[414]. If Marca is correct, she would be Etiennette de Foix, daughter of Bernard Roger de Carcassonne Comte de Couserans, Carcassonne and Bigorre, Seigneur du pays de Foix & his wife Garsenda Ctss de Bigorre. The Histoire Générale de Languedoc refers to a marriage contract (again, no quote or source reference) dated 1036, but this is not reproduced by Marca[415]. This is all too vague to show Stephanie´s origin other than in square brackets in the present document, until more precise information comes to light. Salazar y Acha suggests that Stephanie was the widow of a Catalan nobleman when she married King García, and was the mother of a daughter Constanza who later married her [second] husband´s illegitimate son Sancho (see below)[416]. Firstly, he says that this would explain Stephanie´s presence in Barcelona when she married, which is confirmed by the charter dated 1038 from San Juan de la Peña which names her for the first time with King García and records that he fetched her in Barcelona[417]. Secondly, it would explain the charter dated 29 Nov 1074 under which her son Sancho IV King of Navarre granted “unas casas en la ciudad de Calahorra” to “germano meo domno Sancio et uxori vestra vel germana mea domna Constanza”[418], the reference to his sister-in-law as “germana mea” being unusual if she was not also his own sister. Thirdly, it accords with the narrative in the Crónica Najerense which recounts that “infans domnus Sancius, quem rex Garsias Pampilonensium ex concubina habuerat” abducted “filiam regine Stephanie”, who was betrothed to “Santius rex”, and took her to the court of the Moorish king of Zaragoza and later to Ramiro I King of Aragon, triggering the war between Castille and Aragon in the course of which the Aragonese king was killed in 1064[419]. Salazar y Acha speculates that Stephanie´s first husband was an otherwise unidentified son of Bernardo [I] Conde de Besalú (whose possible sister was named Constanza) but this is only one of the possibilities. More recently, Salazar Acha has suggested that Estefanía was the widow of Roger [I] de Tosny[420]. There are several reasons why this suggestion is unlikely to be correct. Firstly, Roger [I]’s marriage is dated to [1017/20] according to Adémar de Chabannes as shown in the document NORMANDY NOBILITY. If that date is correct, it is unlikely that his widow would have given birth to nine children by a second marriage, whose births are estimated between 1039 and 1054 (see below). Secondly, Estefanía is named with her husband King García in a charter dated 1040, her marriage probably being dated to a couple of years earlier, whereas Roger [I] is recorded in Normandy around the same time as noted above. Thirdly, there are intrinsic problems associated with the Chronicon S. Petri Vivi Senonensis: the chronology of the whole passage, of which the reference to Roger’s marriage forms part, is flawed as explained in NORMANDY NOBILITY, and in addition Roger’s wife could not have been the sister of Ramon Berenguer [I] Comte de Barcelona (whose birth is dated to 1023, see the document CATALONIA) if his marriage is correctly dated to [1017/20]. In conclusion, Salazar y Acha’s hypothesis about a first marriage of Estefanía, although appealing, appears unlikely to be correct because Queen Estefania does not include Constanza in her testament dated to [1066] which names all her other known children[421]. "Garsea…rex…cum mulier mea Stephania regina" confirmed the resettlement of Villanova de Pampaneto by charter dated 1 Jan 1044[422]. "Stephanie coniugis" is named in the charter of "Garsia rex, Sancii regis filius" dated 2 Dec 1052[423]. The testament of “Stephania” is dated to [1066] names “domini mei Garsie regis” and bequeathes properties to “meo filio Sancio rex…domno Ranimiro meo filio…domno Fredenando meo filio…domno Regumendo meo filio…filia mea Urraka…filia mea Ermesinda…filia mea Eximina…filia mea Maiore”, in the presence of “senior Eximio Garceiz, senior Fortun Lopez, senior Fortun Sancii, senior Fortun Belaskez, senior Eximio Fortuniones…domna Auria”[424]. "
Med Lands cites:

; Per Genealogy.EU (Foix 1): “D6. Estefania; m.1038 King Garcia V of Navarre (+1054)”


Per Genealogy.EU (Iberia 7): “B1. King Garcia V "el de Najera" of Navarre (1035-54), *after 1020, +k.a. Atapuerca 1.9.1054; m.1038 Estefania de Foix”.^20,21

; Per Med Lands:
     "[ETIENNETTE (-after 1066). "Garsea…rex, Sancionis regis filius…cum coniuge mea domina Stefania regina" granted two monasteries to abbot Gómez of Yábar by charter dated 1040[232]. The primary source which confirms her parentage has not yet been identified. According to Marca, "les mémoires du convent de Nagara" state that she was "fille du comte de Foix", but he does not provide a direct quote or source reference[233]. The Histoire Générale de Languedoc refers to a marriage contract (again, no quote or source reference) dated 1036, but this is not reproduced by Marca[234]. This is all too vague to show Stephanie´s origin other than in square brackets in this document, until more precise information comes to light. Salazar y Acha suggests that Stephanie was a widow when she married King García, and the mother of a daughter Constanza who married her [second] husband´s illegitimate son Sancho (see below)[235]. Firstly, he says that this would explain Stephanie´s presence in Barcelona when she married, which is confirmed by the charter dated 1038 from San Juan de la Peña which names her for the first time with King García and records that he fetched her in Barcelona[236]. Secondly, it would explain the charter dated 29 Nov 1074 under which her son Sancho IV King of Navarre granted “unas casas en la ciudad de Calahorra” to “germano meo domno Sancio et uxori vestra vel germana mea domna Constanza”[237], the reference to his sister-in-law as “germana mea” being unusual if she was not also his own sister. Thirdly, it accords with the narrative in the Crónica Najerense which recounts that “infans domnus Sancius, quem rex Garsias Pampilonensium ex concubina habuerat” abducted “filiam regine Stephanie”, who was betrothed to “Santius rex”, and took her to the court of the Moorish king of Zaragoza and later to Ramiro I King of Aragon, triggering the war between Castille and Aragon in the course of which the Aragonese king was killed in 1064[238]. Salazar y Acha speculates that Stephanie´s first husband was an otherwise unidentified son of Bernardo [I] Conde de Besalú (whose possible sister was named Constanza) but this is only one of the possibilities. However, Salazar y Acha´s hypothesis, although appealing, appears unlikely to be correct because Queen Estefania does not include Constanza in her testament dated to [1066] which names all her other known children[239]. "Garsea…rex…cum mulier mea Stephania regina" confirmed the resettlement of Villanova de Pampaneto by charter dated 1 Jan 1044[240]. "Stephanie coniugis" is named in the charter of "Garsia rex, Sancii regis filius" dated 2 Dec 1052[241].
     "[m firstly ([1030/35]) --- (-1038 or before).]
     "m [secondly] (1038) GARCIA V "él de Nájera" King of Navarre, son of SANCHO III "el Mayor" King of Navarre & his wife Munia Mayor de Castilla ([after 1020]-killed in battle Atapuerca 1 Sep 1054, bur Santa María de Nájera).]"
Med Lands cites: He was King of Navarre between 1035 and 1054.^22,3,18

     Sancho Garces (?) Senor de Uncastillo, Infante of Navarre married Constanza (?), daughter of Sancho (?) Senor de Maranon and Estaphania de Foix Queen of Navarre, before 1057
; his 1st wife.^4,5 Sancho Garces (?) Senor de Uncastillo, Infante of Navarre married Andregoto (?) after 1060
; his 2nd wife.⁵
Sancho Garces (?) Senor de Uncastillo, Infante of Navarre died in 1074; Genealogy.EU (Iberia 7 page) says d. shortly after Dec 1073.^4,5
     GAV-26 EDV-26. He was Infante of Navarre.¹ Sancho Garces (?) Senor de Uncastillo, Infante of Navarre was also known as Ramiro (?) Lord of Calahorra.^6,7,8

; Per Genealogy.EU (Iberia 7): “[illegitimate] Sancho Garces, sn de Uncastillo y Sanguesa, +shortly after.12.1073; 1m: before 1057 Costanza, dau.of Sancho, sn de Maranon; 2m: after 1060 Andregoto”.⁵

; Per Med Lands:
     "SANCHO García ([1030/35]-after 29 Nov 1074). "Sancius rex" granted property to "senior Sancio Furtuniones" by charter dated 7 Dec 1057, confirmed by "…Infante domno Santio et uxor eius domna Contanza…"[528]. Señor de Uncastillo y Sangüesa. Salazar y Acha discusses his marriage[529]. The Crónica Najerense records that “infans domnus Sancius, quem rex Garsias Pampilonensium ex concubina habuerat” abducted “filiam regine Stephanie”, who was betrothed to “Santius rex”, and took her to the court of the Moorish king of Zaragoza and later to Ramiro I King of Aragon, triggering the war between Castille and Aragon during the course of which the Aragonese king was killed in 1064[530]. Sancho IV King of Navarre granted “unas casas en la ciudad de Calahorra” to “germano meo domno Sancio et uxori vestra vel germana mea domna Constanza” by charter dated 29 Nov 1074[531].
     "m (before 7 Dec 1057) CONSTANZA, daughter of --- & his wife [Etiennette] [de Foix] (-after 29 Nov 1074). "Sancius rex" granted property to "senior Sancio Furtuniones" by charter dated 7 Dec 1057, confirmed by "…Infante domno Santio et uxor eius domna Contanza…"[532]. Sancho IV King of Navarre granted “unas casas en la ciudad de Calahorra” to “germano meo domno Sancio et uxori vestra vel germana mea domna Constanza” by charter dated 29 Nov 1074[533]. Salazar y Acha hypothesises that Constanza was the daughter of Stephanie de Foix, wife of García V King of Navarre, by an otherwise unrecorded earlier marriage with a noble at the court of Barcelona, suggesting that it would be unusual for King Sancho to refer to his brother´s wife as “germana” unless there was also a blood relationship between them[534]. However, this hypothesis, although appealing, appears unlikely to be correct because Queen Estefania does not include Constanza in her testament dated to [1066] which names all her other known children[535]."
Med Lands cites:

; Per Med Lands:
     "[CONSTANZA ([1033/37]-after 29 Nov 1074). "Sancius rex" granted property to "senior Sancio Furtuniones" by charter dated 7 Dec 1057, confirmed by "…Infante domno Santio et uxor eius domna Contanza…"[242]. Salazar y Acha discusses her possible parentage, her possible betrothal and her marriage[243]. The Crónica Najerense records that “infans domnus Sancius, quem rex Garsias Pampilonensium ex concubina habuerat” abducted “filiam regine Stephanie”, who was betrothed to “Santius rex”, and took her to the court of the Moorish king of Zaragoza and later to Ramiro I King of Aragon, triggering the war between Castille and Aragon during the course of which the Aragonese king was killed in 1064[244]. Salazar y Acha hypothesises that this alleged daughter of Stephanie de Foix, wife of García V King of Navarre, was Constanza, born from an otherwise unrecorded earlier marriage with a noble at the court of Barcelona[245]. He cites the charter dated 29 Nov 1074 under which Sancho IV King of Navarre granted “unas casas en la ciudad de Calahorra” to “germano meo domno Sancio et uxori vestra vel germana mea domna Constanza”[246], suggesting that it would be unusual for King Sancho to refer to his brother´s wife as “germana” unless there was also a blood relationship between them. However, Salazar y Acha´s hypothesis, although appealing, appears unlikely to be correct because Queen Estefania does not include Constanza in her testament dated to [1066] which names all her other known children[247].
     "[Betrothed to SANCHO de Castilla y León, son of FERNANDO I "el Magno" King of Castile and León & his wife Sancha de León ([1036]-murdered Zamora 7 Oct 1072, bur Monastery of Oña). He succeeded in 1065 as SANCHO II King of Castile.]
     "m (before 7 Dec 1057) SANCHO García de Navarra Señor de Uncastillo y Sangüesa, illegitimate son of GARCÍA V King of Navarre & his mistress --- ([1030/35]-after 29 Nov 1074).]"
Med Lands cites:

     Constanza (?) was born between 1033 and 1037.⁴ She married Sancho Garces (?) Senor de Uncastillo, Infante of Navarre, son of García III/V Sánchez "el de Najera" (?) King of Navarre, before 1057
; his 1st wife.^2,1 Constanza (?) and Sancho II (?) King of Castile and Leon were engaged.^4,5
Constanza (?) died after 29 November 1074.⁴
      ; Per Genealogy.EU (Iberia 7): “[illegitimate] Sancho Garces, sn de Uncastillo y Sanguesa, +shortly after.12.1073; 1m: before 1057 Costanza, dau.of Sancho, sn de Maranon; 2m: after 1060 Andregoto”.¹

; Per Med Lands:
     "SANCHO García ([1030/35]-after 29 Nov 1074). "Sancius rex" granted property to "senior Sancio Furtuniones" by charter dated 7 Dec 1057, confirmed by "…Infante domno Santio et uxor eius domna Contanza…"[528]. Señor de Uncastillo y Sangüesa. Salazar y Acha discusses his marriage[529]. The Crónica Najerense records that “infans domnus Sancius, quem rex Garsias Pampilonensium ex concubina habuerat” abducted “filiam regine Stephanie”, who was betrothed to “Santius rex”, and took her to the court of the Moorish king of Zaragoza and later to Ramiro I King of Aragon, triggering the war between Castille and Aragon during the course of which the Aragonese king was killed in 1064[530]. Sancho IV King of Navarre granted “unas casas en la ciudad de Calahorra” to “germano meo domno Sancio et uxori vestra vel germana mea domna Constanza” by charter dated 29 Nov 1074[531].
     "m (before 7 Dec 1057) CONSTANZA, daughter of --- & his wife [Etiennette] [de Foix] (-after 29 Nov 1074). "Sancius rex" granted property to "senior Sancio Furtuniones" by charter dated 7 Dec 1057, confirmed by "…Infante domno Santio et uxor eius domna Contanza…"[532]. Sancho IV King of Navarre granted “unas casas en la ciudad de Calahorra” to “germano meo domno Sancio et uxori vestra vel germana mea domna Constanza” by charter dated 29 Nov 1074[533]. Salazar y Acha hypothesises that Constanza was the daughter of Stephanie de Foix, wife of García V King of Navarre, by an otherwise unrecorded earlier marriage with a noble at the court of Barcelona, suggesting that it would be unusual for King Sancho to refer to his brother´s wife as “germana” unless there was also a blood relationship between them[534]. However, this hypothesis, although appealing, appears unlikely to be correct because Queen Estefania does not include Constanza in her testament dated to [1066] which names all her other known children[535]."
Med Lands cites: GAV-26 EDV-26.

Reference: Stone [2000] Char 60-11.²

; Per Med Lands:
     "[CONSTANZA ([1033/37]-after 29 Nov 1074). "Sancius rex" granted property to "senior Sancio Furtuniones" by charter dated 7 Dec 1057, confirmed by "…Infante domno Santio et uxor eius domna Contanza…"[242]. Salazar y Acha discusses her possible parentage, her possible betrothal and her marriage[243]. The Crónica Najerense records that “infans domnus Sancius, quem rex Garsias Pampilonensium ex concubina habuerat” abducted “filiam regine Stephanie”, who was betrothed to “Santius rex”, and took her to the court of the Moorish king of Zaragoza and later to Ramiro I King of Aragon, triggering the war between Castille and Aragon during the course of which the Aragonese king was killed in 1064[244]. Salazar y Acha hypothesises that this alleged daughter of Stephanie de Foix, wife of García V King of Navarre, was Constanza, born from an otherwise unrecorded earlier marriage with a noble at the court of Barcelona[245]. He cites the charter dated 29 Nov 1074 under which Sancho IV King of Navarre granted “unas casas en la ciudad de Calahorra” to “germano meo domno Sancio et uxori vestra vel germana mea domna Constanza”[246], suggesting that it would be unusual for King Sancho to refer to his brother´s wife as “germana” unless there was also a blood relationship between them. However, Salazar y Acha´s hypothesis, although appealing, appears unlikely to be correct because Queen Estefania does not include Constanza in her testament dated to [1066] which names all her other known children[247].
     "[Betrothed to SANCHO de Castilla y León, son of FERNANDO I "el Magno" King of Castile and León & his wife Sancha de León ([1036]-murdered Zamora 7 Oct 1072, bur Monastery of Oña). He succeeded in 1065 as SANCHO II King of Castile.]
     "m (before 7 Dec 1057) SANCHO García de Navarra Señor de Uncastillo y Sangüesa, illegitimate son of GARCÍA V King of Navarre & his mistress --- ([1030/35]-after 29 Nov 1074).]"
Med Lands cites:

     Sancho Alfonsez (?) de Castille was born between 1093 and 1094; Genealogy EU says b 1098.^1,2
Sancho Alfonsez (?) de Castille died on 5 November 1108 at Ucles, Spain (now); per Farmerie: "killed in battle prior to his father's death."^1,4,2

     Sancho I Garces de Lara King of Castile married Urraca Gomez (?), daughter of Gome Diaz (?) Conde de Saldana y Carrion and Muniadomna Fernandez de Lara.⁴
Sancho I Garces de Lara King of Castile was born circa 965.^4,3 He married Urraca Salvadorez (?), daughter of Count Salvador Perez de Lara de Castile, circa 994.³

Sancho I Garces de Lara King of Castile died in 1017.⁴
Sancho I Garces de Lara King of Castile died on 5 February 1017.³
     GAV-28 EDV-28. He was King of Castile between 995 and 1017 at Castile, Spain (now).^2,5

     Urraca Gomez (?) married Sancho I Garces de Lara King of Castile, son of Garcia I Fernandez de Lara Count of Castile and Ava (?) of Ribagorza.¹

Urraca Gomez (?) died in 1025.¹
     GAV-28 EDV-28.

     Gome Diaz (?) Conde de Saldana y Carrion married Muniadomna Fernandez de Lara, daughter of Fernando Gonzalez de Lara Conde de Lara, Conde de Castile y de Alava and Sanchia Sanchez (?) of Navarre, circa 946.^2,1

Gome Diaz (?) Conde de Saldana y Carrion died in 986.²
     GAV-29 EDV-29.

     Muniadomna Fernandez de Lara married Gome Diaz (?) Conde de Saldana y Carrion circa 946.^4,1

     GAV-29 EDV-29.

     Garcia I Fernandez de Lara Count of Castile was born circa 935. He was born circa 940.⁷ He married Ava (?) of Ribagorza, daughter of Raimundo II (?) Conde de Ribagorza and Gersende/Garsendis (?) de Fezensac, between 958 and 961.^1,2,3

Garcia I Fernandez de Lara Count of Castile was buried circa 995 at Monastery of Cardena, near Burgos, Provincia de Burgos, Castilla y León, Spain (now).
Garcia I Fernandez de Lara Count of Castile died in 995 at Cordoba, Provincia de Córdoba, Al-Andalus (Andalucia), Spain (now); died in captivity.^7,8,2
Garcia I Fernandez de Lara Count of Castile died on 30 May 995.³
     GAV-29 EDV-29. He was Count of Castile between 970 and 995.^1,2,9

     Ava (?) of Ribagorza was born in 935. She married Garcia I Fernandez de Lara Count of Castile, son of Fernando Gonzalez de Lara Conde de Lara, Conde de Castile y de Alava and Sanchia Sanchez (?) of Navarre, between 958 and 961.^1,2,3

Ava (?) of Ribagorza died between 988 and 992.⁵
Ava (?) of Ribagorza died after 995.²
     GAV-29 EDV-29 GKJ-30. Ava (?) of Ribagorza was also known as Aba (?) of Ribagorza.

     Raimundo II (?) Conde de Ribagorza married Gersende/Garsendis (?) de Fezensac, daughter of Guillermo Garcés (?) de Gascogne, Cte de Fézensac et d'Armagnac and Gracinde (?) de Rouerge.^4,1,2,5,3
Raimundo II (?) Conde de Ribagorza was born circa 905.
Raimundo II (?) Conde de Ribagorza died between 960 and December 964.^1,3
     GAV-30 EDV-30.

; Per Med Lands:
     "RAIMUNDO [II] (-[960/Dec 964]). The Codex de Roda names "Regemundo ac domno Galindo seu domna Aba" as the children of "Uernardus" and his wife[314]. “Bernardus comes Ripacurcie et uxor mea Tota comitissa filia Galindonis comitis Aragonis” founded Ovarra “in pao Ripacurcense...prope flumen Hysavana”, with the consent of “filiorum nostrorum Raymundus comes et Borellus comes”, by charter dated Jul “Era DCCLXXXI” [misdated][315]. Conde de Ribagorza. The 11th century “Crónico de Domènec”, from the archives of Roda, names “Ragimundus comes...filius eius [Bernardus comes...Ripacurcensis...[et] filiam Galindonis...Tota” adding that he lived “temporibus Ludovici filii Karoli” [Louis IV “d´Outremer” King of the West Franks, which is anachronistic in light of the dates of this family as noted from other sources][316]. The late 11th century/early 12th century “Cronicó II d´Alaó”, representing a continuation of the 11th century “Crónico de Domènec”, records that “Bernardus comes” when he died divided “comitatum tribus” between “suis filiis: Raimundo Ripacurcia, Borrello Paliaris, Mironi de flumine Nogarole usque in Nogariam”, adding that when Miro died his territory was divided between his brothers and that “Raimundus tenuit Ripacurciam usque in Caton et Valle Boinam et Sanctum Petrum de Nubibus et Superarsi usque in Madirero”[317]. The end 13th century “Crònica d´Alaó Renovada” names “Regimundum et Borrelum et Mironem” as the three sons of “Bernardus comes Ripacurcie” and his wife, adding that Raimundo inherited Ribagorza including “villam bonam et sanctum Petrum de nubibus et Superarbiam usque ut in Madierro”[318]. “Ragimundus...comes...et coniux mea [Gar]sindis...comitissa” elevated Roda to a bishopric by charter dated 1 Dec 956[319]. “Regimundus…commes…et coniux mea Eresindis” donated property for the monastery of San Vicente by charter which is dated 1 Dec “anno regnante Leutario rege” and also quotes the date “957”[320]. “Ragimundus...comes et marchio” donated property “in pao Esterritano...pennella Girundella et...villare...Salinas” to Lavaix by charter dated Mar 958[321]. “Raymundus comes et Gassindis comitissa” consecrated “domum Sanct Cecilie...in comitatu Ripacornsem in castro Fontova” by charter dated 1 Jan [960][322]. “Raymundus comes filius Bernardi” donated “villas Sillvi et Villa Recones et Rio Petruso” to the monastery of Orvara in exchange for dower given to “filia mea Ava” by charter dated [960][323].
     "m GERSENDE de Fezensac, daughter of GUILLAUME García Comte de Fezensac & his wife --- (-after Dec [990]). The Codex de Roda names "domna --- Gilelmo Garsias filia" as the wife of "Regemundus"[324]. Another passage in the Codex de Roda names "Regemundus de Fedenzac, et Oton, ac Fridolo, et Bernardo, at domna ---" as the children of "Gilelmo Garsies" and his unnamed wife, stating that the unnamed daughter was the mother of "domne Abe comitisse"[325]. Her name is indicated by the undated charter under which “Unifredus comes” donated property “ad Stum Petrum de Lastanosa”, for the souls of “parente meo Raimundo comite et…matre mea Gersinde comittissa”[326]. The end 13th century “Crònica d´Alaó Renovada” names “Garsendis…de Gallis” as wife of “Regimundi…comes Ripacurcie”[327]. “Ragimundus...comes...et coniux mea [Gar]sindis...comitissa” elevated Roda to a bishopric by charter dated 1 Dec 956[328]. “Regimundus…commes…et coniux mea Eresindis” donated property for the monastery of San Vicente by charter which is dated 1 Dec “anno regnante Leutario rege” and also quotes the date “957”[329]. “Raymundus comes et Gassindis comitissa” consecrated “domum Sanct Cecilie...in comitatu Ripacornsem in castro Fontova” by charter dated 1 Jan [960][330]. “Hunifredus chomes et fratres mei et mater mea” donated property to “Oriulfo presbitero” by charter dated 29 Dec 964[331]. “Hunifredus comis et matrem suam Arsindis chomitissa et filia mea Tota et nuru sua Sancia...et fratres mei...Arnallus et Isarnus sive episcopus Hodisindus cuius diocescum est Ripacorcense” granted pasturage rights to Alaon by charter dated Jul 975[332]. “Garsinnis chometissa et...Isarnus...comes sive germana mea Tota chometissa” donated “villa...Chalvaria, alia Chastello Citi, alios duos Morecenes” to Ovarra monastery by charter dated Dec [990], subscribed by “Garsinnis chometissa et filio meo Isarno et Tota filia mea”[333].
     "Raimundo [II] & his wife had six children."
Med Lands cites: Raimundo II (?) Conde de Ribagorza was also known as Ramon II (?) Count of Ribagorza.

Reference: (an unknown value.)⁴

     Gersende/Garsendis (?) de Fezensac married Raimundo II (?) Conde de Ribagorza, son of Bernardo I (?) Cde de Ribagorza, Count of Paliares and Toda/Tota Galíndez (?) of Aragón, señora de Sobrarbe.^5,1,3,2,6

Gersende/Garsendis (?) de Fezensac died after 961.¹
      ; Per Med Lands:
     "GERSENDE de Fezensac . The Codex de Roda names "Regemundus de Fedenzac, et Oton, ac Fridolo, et Bernardo, at domna ---" as the children of "Gilelmo Garsies" and his unnamed wife, stating that the unnamed daughter was the mother of "domne Abe comitisse"[105]. Another passage in the Codex de Roda names "domna --- Gilelmo Garsias filia" as the wife of "Regemundus"[106]. The end 13th century “Crònica d’Alaó Renovada” names “Garsendis…de Gallis” as wife of “Regimundi…comes Ripacurcie”[107]. “Regimundus…commes…et coniux mea Eresindis” donated property for the monastery of San Vicente by charter which is dated 1 Dec “anno regnante Leutario rege” and also quotes the date “957”[108]. Her name is indicated by the undated charter under which “Unifredus comes” donated property “ad Stum Petrum de Lastanosa”, for the souls of “parente meo Raimundo comite et…matre mea Gersinde comittissa”[109]. “Regimundus…commes…et coniux mea Eresindis” donated property for the monastery of San Vicente by charter which is dated 1 Dec “anno regnante Leutario rege” and also quotes the date “957”[110].
     "m RAIMUNDO [II] Conde de Ribagorza, son of BERNARDO [I] Conde de Ribagorza & his wife Tota de Aragón (-[960/Dec 964])."
Med Lands cites: GAV-30 EDV-30.

     Fernando Gonzalez de Lara Conde de Lara, Conde de Castile y de Alava was born circa 910 at Provincia de Burgos, Castilla y León, Spain (now).^2,5,7,8 He married Sanchia Sanchez (?) of Navarre, daughter of Sancho I Garces (?) King of Navarre and Toda Aznarez de Larron, circa 932
;
Her 3rd husband, his 1st wife.^{9,10,1,2,3,5,11,7} Fernando Gonzalez de Lara Conde de Lara, Conde de Castile y de Alava married Urraca Garcés (?) de Navarre, daughter of Garcia I/III Sanchez (?) King of Navarre and Teresa (?) of Leon, between 960 and 962
;
His 2nd wife, her 1st husband.^{1,2,12,5,7,13,14}
Fernando Gonzalez de Lara Conde de Lara, Conde de Castile y de Alava was buried in June 970 at San Pedro de Arlanza Monastery, Burgos, Provincia de Burgos, Castilla y León, Spain; From Find A Grave:
     BIRTH     unknown, Provincia de Burgos, Castilla y León, Spain
     DEATH     unknown, Burgos, Provincia de Burgos, Castilla y León, Spain
     Fernán González was the first autonomous count of Castile, son of Gonzalo Fernández de Burgos and Muniadona. Muniadona was so well remembered that the later Counts of Castile would sometimes be recorded by Iberian Muslim scholars as Ibn M?ma Duna (descendant of Muniadona).
     Fernán González was a colourful character of legendary status in Iberia, and founder of the dynasty that would rule a semi-autonomous Castile, laying the foundations for its status as an independent kingdom. In the year 930, Fernán's name appears with the title of count inside the administrative organization of eastern the Kingdom of León.
     He married Sancha Sánchez of Pamplona, the sister of the García Sánchez I of Pamplona. One of the daughters of Sancho I of Pamplona and Toda of Navarre, she had been twice widowed, having first married king Ordoño II of León late in his life as his third wife - two of her sisters, Onneca and Urraca, would marry Sancha's step-sons, Alfonso IV of León and Ramiro II of León. Following Ordoño's death in 924, she had married count Álvaro Herrameliz. Her marriage to Fernán not only allowed him to unite Castile, but reinforced political alliances across the Christian north.
     Fernán gathered under his control a strong military force composed of troops from the counties of Burgos, Asturias, Santillana, Lantaron, Álava, Castile, and Lara. His military prowess came to prominence in the Battle of Simancas in 939 and then at Sepulveda, where he wrested the region from the Moors and repopulated it. As his power increased, so did his independence from León.
     His life and feats are recorded in an anonymous poem, The Poem of Fernán González, written between 1250 and 1271 and preserved as an incomplete copy from the fifteenth century.
     Fernando and Sancth's remains were buried in the monastery of San Pedro de Arlanza and subsequently transferred in 1841 to the church of San Cosme and San Damián de Covarrubias.
     Family Members
     Parents
          Gonzalo Fernández of Castile
     Spouse
          Sancha
     BURIAL     San Pedro de Arlanza Monastery, Burgos, Provincia de Burgos, Castilla y León, Spain
     Created by: Angie Swann
     Added: 30 Mar 2015
     Find a Grave Memorial 144364701.^5,8
Fernando Gonzalez de Lara Conde de Lara, Conde de Castile y de Alava died in June 970 at Provincia de Burgos, Castilla y León, Spain (now).^9,2,5,7,8
      ; Per Med Lands:
     "FERNANDO González, son of GONZALO Fernández Conde de Castilla & his wife Muniadomna --- ([910]-Jun 970, bur Monastery of Arlanza[204]). "Momadonna cometessa" donated property to the monastery of Santa María de Lara, confirmed by her sons "Fredinando Gundisalviz, Ramiro Gundisalviz", by charter dated 28 Jan 929[205]. His parentage is confirmed by the charter of his grandson Sancho García Conde de Castilla in which the latter names his paternal ancestors as far back as Munio Núñez & his wife Argila[206]. A legend of his kidnap as a young child is commemorated in the 13th century "Poema de Fernán González"[207]. Conde de Castilla. “Moma Donna cometissa...cum filiis meis, quorum nomina subter exarata fiunt” donated property to the monastery of San Millán de Belbimbre by charter dated 1 Feb 929 (the dating clause stating “regnante...comite Fredinando Gundesalviz in Castella”), witnessed by “Fredinando Gundesalviz, Ramiro Gundesalviz...”[208]. "Comes Ferdinandus Gundisalui et uxor mea Sancia" donated property to the monastery of San Quirice de los Ausines by charter dated 30 Apr 929 [must be misdated considering the date of death of Sancha´s second husband][209]. A charter dated 1 May 932 records the judgment in a dispute involving the monastery of Cardeñas, in the presence of “comite Fredinando Gundissalbiz et suo alfieriz Gomiz Didaz et de Nunu Fernandez et de Munio Gundisalbiz et de Fredinando Didaz et de Albaro Munnioz”, the dating clause of which names "…comite Fredinando Gundisalviz in Castella"[210]. “Mumadomna cometissa...cum filio meo Fredinando Gundissalbiz...comes et uxor sua domna Sancia seu neptis meis Gundissalbo Fernandiz vel Sanzio Fernandiz” donated “locum...Balzaramio...” to San Pedro de Cardeñas by charter dated 5 Aug 935, witnessed by "Abolmondar Sarraziniz, Munnio Bellitiz, Muza iben Galeph, Beila Telliz..."[211]. During his rule, he united the territory of Castile into a single county, incorporating in particular Lantarón in 935, Cerezo and Grañón in 936[212]. The dating clause of a charter dated 18 Feb 935, under which “Gutier” sold “vinea in Liciniana” to the bishop of Valpuesta, records “regnante domino Ranemiri et comite Fredenando Gundesalbiz in Lantarone”[213]. Following the humiliating peace imposed on the kingdom of Navarre by Abd al-Rahman III Caliph of Córdoba in 934, the Caliph invaded Castile, sacking Burgos and destroying the monastery of San Pedro de Cardeña before moving into the territory of León[214]. However, Conde Fernando allied himself with Ramiro II King of León and Queen Toda regent of Navarre, their combined forces defeating the Caliph's troops at Alhandega/al-Khandaq, near Simancas in 939. "Fredinando Gondissalvez tocius Castelle comes" donated property to the monastery of San Millán de la Cogolla by charter dated 938, confirmed by "Gondissalvo Fredinandez, Sancio Fredinandez…"[215]. Conde Fernando exploited this victory by recapturing Sepúlveda in 940[216]. “Comes Fredinandus Gundisalviz cum uxore mea Sanzia comitissa et cum filiis meis Gundisalvus Fredinandi et Garsea Fredinandi et Sancio Fredinandi et Munio Fredinandi et domna Fronilde” donated the monastery of San Miguel de Javilla to San Pedro de Cardeñas by charter dated 941, witnessed by “Sarracenus, Bermudo Fannez, Gundisalvo de Aza...”[217]. The Cronica de Sampiro records that "Fredenandus Gundissalui et Didacus Munionis" rebelled against King Ramiro II, who captured them and imprisoned them "unum in Legione, alterum in Gordone"[218], dated to [943/44] by Torres[219], although their imprisonment was short-lived. "Fredinando comes…cum uxore mea…Sancia cometissa" donated property to the monastery of San Millán de la Cogolla by charter dated 944, confirmed by "…Gundissalvo Fernandez, Sancio Fernandez, Garcia Fernandez…"[220]. "Ranimiro rex" donated property to Sahagún by charter dated 3 Apr 945, witnessed by "Fredenandus Gundesalviz…"[221]. "Ranimiro rex" donated property to Sahagún by charter dated 3 Apr 945, witnessed by "…Fernando Gudisalviz, Gundisalvo Fredenandi…"[222]. “...Ansur Fredenandiz, Fredenando Gontesalviz...” confirmed the charter dated 24 Sep 946 under which King Ramiro II donated "villa...Perales et Volpiare et Villa Rezmiro secundum obtinuit illas Gundisalbo Moniz" to Vega[223]. The Cronica de Sampiro records that "avunculo suo…Garsiano rege Pampilonensium, necnon Fredenandus Gundissalui Burgensium comes" helped Sancho in his rebellion against Ordoño III King of León[224]. Conde in Álava: the dating clause of a charter dated to [952], under which “Tellu presbiter” donated half his property to Valpuesta, records “regnante...comite Fredenando Gondesalbiz in Alaba et in Castella”[225]. Caliph Abd al-Rahman's troops launched further raids against Galicia and Castile between 953 and 955, but were defeated by Conde Fernando near San Esteban de Gormaz in 955[226]. Conde Fernando became embroiled in the civil war in León, supporting in turn King Sancho I and later his son-in-law King Ordoño IV, but was captured by troops from Navarre at Nájera in 960[227]. After being released by Urraca de Navarra, whom he married, he formed an alliance with Navarre and Barcelona against Caliph Al-Hakam II. The alliance was unsuccessful and Conde Fernando lost San Esteban de Gormaz and Atienza to the Caliph's troops[228]. Although Castile was considerably weakened by Muslim attacks during the last years of his rule, Conde Fernando had been a dynamic leader who established the full autonomy of the county of Castile, and competently defended it against Muslim incursions. His exploits are commemorated in vernacular Castilian romances[229]. "Fredinando Gundissalviz comite…cum filio eius Munio Fredinandiz" confirmed a donation of property at Montorio to the monastery of San Adrian y San Miguel Arcangel by charter dated 6 May 968[230]. The Chronicon Burgense records the death in 970 of “comes Fernandus Gundisalvi”[231].
     "m firstly ([932]) as her third husband, SANCHA Sánchez de Navarra, widow firstly of ORDOÑO II King of León and secondly of ÁLVARO Herrámeliz Conde en Álava, daughter of SANCHO I Garces King of Navarre & his second wife Toda Aznárez de Larraún (after 900-[9 Jun 952/29 Nov 955]). The Codex de Roda names "Garsea rex et domna Onneca et domna Sanzia et domna Urraca…domna Belasquita, necnon et domna Orbita" as the children of "Sanzio Garseanis" and his wife "Tota Asnari", stating that Sancha married "Ordonii imperatoris, postea…Albaro Harramelliz de Alaba, demumque…Fredenando comitis"[232]. "Fredenando Gundisalviz et uxor mea Sancia" donated property to the abbey of Silos by charter dated 3 Jun 919 (although this must be misdated), confirmed by "Munio Didace, Sarracine Scemonoz, Garcie Bençemaloçe, Frande Arguisso, Garcie Alvarez"[233]. "Comes Ferdinandus Gundisalui et uxor mea Sancia" donated property to the monastery of San Quirice de los Ausines by charter dated 30 Apr 929 [must be misdated considering the date of death of Sancha´s second husband][234]. “Mumadomna cometissa...cum filio meo Fredinando Gundissalbiz...comes et uxor sua domna Sancia seu neptis meis Gundissalbo Fernandiz vel Sanzio Fernandiz” donated “locum...Balzaramio...” to San Pedro de Cardeñas by charter dated 5 Aug 935[235]. “Comes Fredinandus Gundisalviz cum uxore mea Sanzia comitissa et cum filiis meis Gundisalvus Fredinandi et Garsea Fredinandi et Sancio Fredinandi et Munio Fredinandi et domna Fronilde” donated the monastery of San Miguel de Javilla to San Pedro de Cardeñas by charter dated 941[236]. "Fredinando comes…cum uxore mea…Sancia cometissa" donated property to the monastery of San Millán de la Cogolla by charter dated 944, confirmed by "…Gundissalvo Fernandez, Sancio Fernandez, Garcia Fernandez…"[237].
     "m secondly (before 29 Nov [955]) as her first husband, URRACA, daughter of --- (-12 Jul 1041). "Comite Fredinando Gondessalvez et cometessa domna Urraca" are named as present in a charter dated 29 Nov [955] which relates a dispute about exemptions and fines[238]. According to Europäische Stammtafeln[239], she was Urraca de Navarra, daughter of García III Sánchez King of Navarre & [his second wife Teresa ---], but the primary source which confirms that this is right has not yet been identified. Del Pino assumes that this parentage is correct when he records that Urraca took the initiative to free Fernando González Conde de Castilla, captured by the forces of King García III in 960, married him and escaped to Burgos[240]. She is not named in any of the documents in the compilation relating to the county of Castile[241]. "Willelmus Sancius comes et dominus totius Vasconie, cum Urraca sua muliere" donated the church of Sainte-Susanne to the abbey of Saint-Jean de Sorde by undated charter[242]. According to Europäische Stammtafeln[243], she married secondly (after 14 Jul 972) Guillaume Sánchez Comte de Gascogne. The primary source which confirms her second marriage has not yet been identified either, although the charter dated 992 under which Sancho King of Navarre donated property to the monastery of San Millán de la Cogolla is signed, among others, by "…Sancio filius Gogelmi comitis…" (apparently Urraca's son by this second marriage)[244], King Sancho being the brother of Urraca de Navarra. "Willelmus Sancius comes et dominus totius Vasconie, cum Urraca sua muliere" donated the church of Sainte-Susanne to the abbey of Saint-Jean de Sorde by undated charter[245]. "Willelmus Sancius comes et dominus totius Vasconie, cum Urraca sua muliere" donated the church of Sainte-Susanne to the abbey of Saint-Jean de Sorde by undated charter[246]. The Historia Abbatiæ Condomensis quotes a charter dated 29 Jul 1011 under which "Ugo…Præsul, secundum lineam carnis eidem Duci propinquis et affinis" donated property to the convent of Condom, for the souls of "meorumque parentum, item Garsiæ-Sanctii Comitis et filii sui Sanctii-Garsiæ Comitis, et Guillermi-Sanctii Comitis et Gimbaldi Episcopi, et Guillelmi Comitis, et Garsiæ Comitis, et Bernardi-Guillelmi Comitis, et Urachæ Comitissæ"[247]. She died before 3 Apr [1009], the date of the charter under which her son "Bernardus Willelmus comes…cum germano meo Sancio" confirmed, "annuente beatæ memoriæ matre mea Urraca", the foundation of Saint-Sever by "genitor meus Willelmus Sancio comes", this wording suggesting that Urraca died only shortly before the confirmation especially as the document is purportedly signed by "Urracæ comitissæ"[248]. The necrology of Saint-Sever records the death "IV Id Jul…1041" of "Urraca comitissa"[249]. However, either the year is incorrect or this entry refers to another "Urraca comitissa". Even without the evidence of the 3 Apr [1009] charter, Urraca would have been well over 90 years in 1041 if this entry refers to the wife of Guillaume Sancho.
     "Conde Fernando & his first wife had seven children.
     "Conde Fernando & his second wife had [two children]."
Med Lands cites:

;      "The hero of early Castilian history is Fernán González, count of Castile from about 931 until his death in 970. Legends of his exploits seem to have started to circulate soon after his death, and much later on, in the thirteenth century, an epic poem about him was composed. Yet even when the trappings of legend are stripped away, we can still discern a man who achievements were lauded by his contemporaries: 'the most glorious count' and 'th eillustrious count', as two writers referred to him in 941 and 945...The reality was less straightforward than the resounding phrase suggests. Fernán González fought dutifully alongside his lord the king of León against 'Abd al-Rahman III at the battle of Simancas in 939; when he rebelled in 943-4 the king could deprive him of office and imprison him for a time. However, Fernán González shrewdly contrived to profit from two features of the political scene in the middle years of the century: the consolidation of a stronger monarchy in Navarre and a phase of political instability in the kingdom of León in the 950s and 960s. He was able to conduct what was in effect an independent foreign policy. He married a daughter of the king of Navarre and arranged a marriage for his son and heir to a daughter of the Pyrenean county of Ribagorza. He played off Navarre against León....By the time of the count's death in 970 Castile was to all intents and purposes an independent principality, and this independence was fortified under the government of his son and grandson, García Fernández (970-95) and Sancho Garcés (995-1017). A dynasty had emerged." -- Fletchre [1990:59-60].¹⁰ GAV-30 EDV-30.

; Per Wikipedia:
     "Fernán González (died 970) was the first autonomous count of Castile, son of Gonzalo Fernández de Burgos, who had been named count of Arlanza and the Duero around the year 900, and by tradition a descendant of semi-legendary judge Nuño Rasura. His mother Muniadona was so well remembered that the later Counts of Castile would sometimes be recorded by Iberian Muslim scholars as Ibn M?ma Duna (descendant of Muniadona).
     "Fernán González was a colourful character of legendary status in Iberia, and founder of the dynasty that would rule a semi-autonomous Castile, laying the foundations for its status as an independent kingdom. In the year 930, Fernán's name appears with the title of count inside the administrative organization of eastern the Kingdom of León.
     "county under count Rodrigo of Castile had been split after the death of the latter's son Diego Rodríguez Porcelos in 885. About 899, Gonzalo was named count of Burgos, and around 909 succeeded his kinsman Munio Núñez as count of Castile, representing a fraction of the previous county of that name. Following Gonzalo's 915 death, the counties would be held by Fernando Ansúrez, Gonzalo's brother Nuño Fernández, Fernando Ansúrez again, and Gutier Núñez. Fernán González was made count of Castile and Burgos before 931. The same year, Álvaro Herraméliz, count of Álava, Cerezo and Lantarón died, and Fernán succeeded him as well, thereby reuniting Rodrigo's county. He also married Álvaro's widow, Sancha Sánchez, the sister of the García Sánchez I of Pamplona. One of the daughters of Sancho I of Pamplona and Toda of Navarre, she had been twice widowed, having first married king Ordoño II of León late in his life as his third wife — two of her sisters, Onneca and Urraca, would marry Sancha's step-sons, Ordoño's sons Alfonso IV of León and Ramiro II of León. Following Ordoño's death in 924, she had married count Álvaro Herraméliz. Her marriage to Fernán not only allowed him to unite Castile, but reinforced political alliances across the Christian north.
     "Fernán gathered under his control a strong military force composed of troops from the counties of Burgos, Asturias, Santillana, Lantaron, Álava, Castile, and Lara. His military prowess came to prominence in the Battle of Simancas in 939 and then at Sepulveda, where he wrested the region from the Moors and repopulated it. As his power increased, so did his independence from León.
     "After having fought with Ramiro II of León against the Arabs, and after the Battle of Simancas and the retreat of the Muslims, Fernán was dissatisfied because the king of León distributed his troops in the frontier towns and he rose in rebellion against him. In 944, the county of Castile was stripped from him and awarded by the king to his son Sancho, with count Ansur Fernández serving as regent. Fernán was defeated and made prisoner for 3 years until he became reconciled with his sovereign, giving his daughter Urraca in marriage to the king's heir, Ordoño, who afterwards became King Ordoño III.
     "Upon the death of Ramiro II of León in 951, the kingdom of León experienced a dynastic crisis that Fernán played out to his advantage. Initially Fernán supported the demands of Sancho against his elder half-brother Ordoño III, Fernán's own son-in-law. When Sancho failed, Fernán was forced to recognize Ordoño as king, even though the latter cast off Fernán's daughter. Ordoño's early death allowed Fernán to recover his maneuvering capacity, although he abandoned his old ally, now king Sancho I, instead supporting his rival Ordoño IV, son of Alfonso IV and the new husband of Fernán's daughter Urraca. Shortly after 4 September 959, his wife Sancha of Navarre died, and in 960 Fernán was defeated through Navarrese intervention on Sancho's behalf. He was captured by García Sánchez I of Pamplona, but he recovered his freedom after making various territorial concessions and by forswearing his support for Ordoño IV. Prior to 5 May 964 he cemented the new alliance by remarrying García's own daughter Urraca, the niece of his first wife, while Fernán's daughter of the same name, this time divorced by Ordoño IV, was married to García's heir, the future Sancho II of Pamplona. With the kingdom of León weakened and in disorder, Fernán slowly solidified a position of autonomy as count of Castile, with only nominal fielty due León.
     "After his death the county was left to his son García Fernández, while his widow Urraca returned to the Pamplona court before remarrying to William Sancho of Gascony. His remains were buried in the monastery of San Pedro of Arlanza. His life and feats are recorded in an anonymous poem, The Poem of Fernán González, written between 1250 and 1271 and preserved as an incomplete copy from the fifteenth century.
Issue
     "By his first wife, Sancha Sánchez of Pamplona, he had the following children:
External links
** "Fernán González, conde de Castilla y de Álava" – Historia del Condado de Castilla (Spanish): http://www.condadodecastilla.es/personajes/fernan-gonzalez/."¹⁵

Reference: Genealogics cites:

; Per Genealogics:
     "Fernan was born about 910, the son of Gonzalo Fernandez de Lara, count of Castile and of Lara, and Muniadona Nuñez. His father had been a local chieftain who, by founding the town of Lara, established his title. When Fernan's father died in 916, his mother held on to the castle and his legal claims until he came of age. In 929 Fernan was legally recognised as count of Lara.
     "About 932 he made an advantageous marriage with Sancha Sanchez de Navarre, twice-widowed daughter of Sancho I Garcés, king of Navarre and Toda Aznarez. Sancha was about ten years older than Fernan; they had seven children of whom two boys and two girls would have progeny.
     "During the 930s Fernan was one of the war captains of King Ramiro II of Léon, and as a token of royal favour he received the title of Count of Castile. About 940 Fernan quarrelled with Ramiro II when the coveted title of Count of Monzon went to the rival family of Ansurez. As a result, in 943 he joined in a rebellion with another disgruntled count, Diego Muñoz de Saldaña. He was captured and imprisoned, but was released in 945 after swearing an oath of fidelity and surrendering his tenancies. In 947 he had his titles restored and gave his daughter Uracca in marriage to Ramiro II's son and successor Ordoño III.
     "In Léon he was now the most powerful political adviser as well as the wealthiest landed magnate. This aroused the jealousy of his mother-in-law Toda Aznarez, the widowed queen of Navarre. The quarrels that weakened the kingdom of Léon after 951 were caused by this jealousy. Toda Aznarez, who overshadowed her son King Garcia III of Navarre, was Spain's main political figure between 930 and 970. When Fernan's son-in-law King Ordoño III of Léon died in 955, another grandson of Toda Aznarez became the next king of Léon as Sancho I. When Fernan González married his widowed daughter Urraca to a cousin of her dead husband, proclaiming him as Ordoño IV, king of Léon, Queen Toda Aznarez rallied to Sancho I's side and created a coalition between Navarre, Cordoba, the Ansurez family, and a large proportion of the Leonese nobility. In 959 Fernan González was attacked by Cordoba in the south and Navarre in the east, was again captured and imprisoned, this time in Pamplona, and freed only after signing a pact with his mother-in-law recognising Sancho I as the rightful king of Léon.
     "In December 959 Fernan's wife died and he promptly married her niece, Urraca Garcés of Navarre. In 962 his abandoned son-in-law Ordoño IV died in Cordoba. In the same year he married his daughter Urraca to the future king of Navarre, Sancho II Abarca, who was not only his own brother-in-law through his own second marriage but also another grandson of Toda Aznarez.
     "The adventurous Fernan González died in June 970, and the county was left to his son Garcia I Fernández. His remains were buried in the monastery of San Pedro of Arlanzsa. His life and feats are recorded in the anonymous _Poem of Fernán Gonzálexz,_ written between 1250 and 1271 and conserved as an incomplete copy from the fifteenth century."⁷

; Stone (2000) chart 60-6: "...he combined various petty counties into a significant political entity, Castile." Fernando Gonzalez de Lara Conde de Lara, Conde de Castile y de Alava was also known as Fernan González de Lara Conde de Castilla, Conde de Lara.⁷ He was Count of Castile between 931 and 970.^16,17

     Sanchia Sanchez (?) of Navarre was born circa 915 at Pamplona, Provincia de Navarra, Navarra, Spain (now); Genealogy.EU (Iberia 6 page) and Med Lands say b. after 900.^4,1,3,5 She married Ordoño II (?) King of Galicia and Leon, son of Alfonso III 'The Great' (?) King of Asturias, Galicia and Leon and Jimena Garces (?) of Navarre, in March 923
; :CR:er 1st husband; his 3rd wife.^4,1,6,3,7 Sanchia Sanchez (?) of Navarre married Alvaro Herraméliz (?) Conde en Álava, son of Herramel (?), circa 924.^4,1,8
Sanchia Sanchez (?) of Navarre married Fernando Gonzalez de Lara Conde de Lara, Conde de Castile y de Alava, son of Gonzalo Fernández de Lara Conde en Burgos, Conde en Castilla and Muniadomna (?) de Asturias, circa 932
;
Her 3rd husband, his 1st wife.^{4,9,1,10,2,11,3,12}
Sanchia Sanchez (?) of Navarre was buried in December 959 at San Pedro de Arlanza Monastery, Burgos, Provincia de Burgos, Castilla y León, Spain; From Find A Grave:
     BIRTH     unknown, Pamplona, Provincia de Navarra, Navarra, Spain
     DEATH     unknown, Burgos, Provincia de Burgos, Castilla y León, Spain
     Also know as Sancha Sánchez de Navarre
     Sancha Sanchez de Pamplona was infanta of Pamplona, Queen Consort of León (923-924) and Countess consort of Castile (932-959). Daughter of Sancho I of Pamplona and his Queen Toda of Navarre, and sister of King García Sanchez I of Pamplona.
     In February 923 she married for the first time with Ordoño II of León and widowed the next year.
     In 924 marries again to Álvaro Herrameliz, conde en Lantarón and in Álava and was widowed 931.
     In 932 marries Fernán González of Castile, Count of Castile.
     They had the following children:
     Fernando and Sancha's remains were buried in the monastery of San Pedro de Arlanza and subsequently transferred in 1841 to the church of San Cosme and San Damián de Covarrubias.
     Family Members
     Spouse
          Fernán González of Castile
     BURIAL     San Pedro de Arlanza Monastery, Burgos, Provincia de Burgos, Castilla y León, Spain
     Created by: Angie Swann
     Added: 30 Mar 2015
     Find a Grave Memorial 144397652.⁵
Sanchia Sanchez (?) of Navarre died in December 959 at Burgos, Provincia de Burgos, Castilla y León, Spain (now); Med Lands says d. "9 Jun 952/26 Dec 955."^1,4,3,5
     GAV-30 EDV-30.

; Per Med Lands:
     "SANCHA Sánchez de Navarra (after 900-[9 Jun 952/26 Dec 955]). The Codex de Roda names "Garsea rex et domna Onneca et domna Sanzia et domna Urraca…domna Belasquita, necnon et domna Orbita" as the children of "Sanzio Garseanis" and his wife "Tota Asnari", stating that Sancha married "Ordonii imperatoris, postea…Albaro Harramelliz de Alaba, demumque…Fredenando comitis"[183]. The Cronica de Sampiro records the marriage of "regis Garsiani [error for Sanchi]…filiam suam…Sanciam" and King Ordoño II, dateable to 923 from the context of the passage[184]. "Fredenando Gundisalviz et uxor mea Sancia" donated property to the abbey of Silos by charter dated 3 Jun 919 (although this must be misdated), confirmed by "Munio Didace, Sarracine Scemonoz, Garcie Bençemaloçe, Frande Arguisso, Garcie Alvarez"[185]. "Comes Ferdinandus Gundisalui et uxor mea Sancia" donated property to the monastery of San Quirice de los Ausines by charter dated 30 Apr 929 [must be misdated considering the date of death of Sancha´s second husband][186]. “Muma Domna cometissa…cum filio meo Fredinando Gundisalviz…comes et uxor sua Domna Sanctia seu neptis meis Gundisalvo Frenandiz vel Sanctio Frenandiz” donated property in Valzalamio to San Pedro de Cardeñas by charter dated 5 Aug 935[187]. "Fredinando comes, Sancia comitisa" and their sons "Gundesalvus, Sancius, Munnio" confirmed a charter dated 23 Dec 941 relating to a dispute concerning property of the monastery of Cardeñas[188].
     "m firstly (Mar 923) as his [third/fourth] wife, ORDOÑO II King of Asturias and León, son of ALFONSO III "el Magno" King of Asturias & his wife Jimena García de Pamplona ([873]-Jan 924, bur Léon Santa María).
     "m secondly ([924]) ÁLVARO Herrámeliz, son of HERRAMEL & his wife --- (-after 11 Jan 931). He succeeded Munio Velaz as Conde de Álava in [926][189].
     "m thirdly ([932]) as his first wife, FERNANDO González Conde de Castilla, son of GONZALO Fernández de Lara Conde de Castilla & his wife Muniadomna [de Asturias] ([910]-970)."
Med Lands cites:

     Ordoño II (?) King of Galicia and Leon was born circa 873.¹ He married Elvira Menendez (?) of Portugal, daughter of Count Hermenegildo Gutierrez (?) of Portugal and Hermesinda Gatonez (?) of Bierzo, between 890 and 900
;
His 1st wife.^1,2 Ordoño II (?) King of Galicia and Leon and Aragonta (?) were divorced in 922.¹ Ordoño II (?) King of Galicia and Leon married Aragonta (?), daughter of Count Gonzalo Betotez (?) and Teresa Eriz (?), in 922
;
His 2nd wife.¹ Ordoño II (?) King of Galicia and Leon married Sanchia Sanchez (?) of Navarre, daughter of Sancho I Garces (?) King of Navarre and Toda Aznarez de Larron, in March 923
; :CR:er 1st husband; his 3rd wife.^4,5,1,6,2
Ordoño II (?) King of Galicia and Leon died in January 924.¹
      ; Per Wikipedia:
     "Ordoño II (c. 873 - June 924, León) was a king of Galicia from 910, and king of Galicia and León from 914 until his death. He was an energetic and feisty ruler who submitted only the territories of the kingdom of Leon under his control and fought successfully against the Muslims, who still dominated most of the Iberian Peninsula. His reign marked the tactical and smooth transition of the regnum Asturum to the regnum Legionis, with the royal headquarters already established in the city of León.
Queen Jimena.
     "Upon Alfonso's death in 910, the kingdom was divided between his three sons; León went to García, Galicia to Ordoño, and Asturias to Fruela. Asturian primacy was nevertheless recognised, though Ordoño was of a harder temperament than his brothers. Upon García's death in Zamora in 914, Ordoño succeeded him to the throne of the León.
Youth
     "His father sent him to Zaragoza to be educated in the court of the Banu Qasi. In lifetime of his father he performed in the government of Galicia. He personally directed, before the year 910, a military expedition against the Muslims in the south of the Iberian Peninsula, which came to the city of Seville. The expedition destroyed and looted the neighborhood of Regel, "considered one of the strongest and most opulent," as it is referred to by Silense history, but this neighborhood has not been identified with certainty by historians[citation needed].
     "For unknown reasons, the children of Alfonso III the Great rebelled against their father in 909. Although the infantGarcia, brother of Ordoño, was arrested and imprisoned in the Gauzón castle, a year after Alfonso III was obligated to abdicate by his children and divide his kingdom amongst them. The kingdom of León corresponded to the firstborn son, Garcia, the kingdom of Asturias corresponded to that of Fruela and Galicia to Ordoño.[1] Alfonso III died in the city of Zamora on December 20 910.
     "Garcia I kept distant and conflictive relations with his brother Ordoño. When Alfonso III died, Garcia prevented the bishop Gennadius of Astorga from taking five hundred mizcals, donated by Alfonso III to the shrine of the Apostle, to the city of Santiago de Compostela with him.[2]
Accession to the throne of León
     "At the death of his brother Garcia, which occurred in the city of Zamora in 914, Ordoño II inherited the kingdom of León since, even though his brother had married, he died childless.
     "Ordoño continued thereafter the expansion of the Christian polity of his forefathers on two fronts. In his south-western territories, he sacked Mérida and Évora and forced the Muslim governor of the region to buy his retreat.
     "In his eastern territories, he united with Sancho I Garcés, king of Navarre, against the emir of Córdoba, Abd-ar-Rahman III. The Moors were put to rout at San Esteban de Gormaz (917). Arnedo and Calahorra were taken the next year from the Banu Qasi. The reaction of Abd-ar-rahman, however, was severe. In 920, he put to march an army to recover Osma and San Esteban de Gormaz. He crossed into Navarre and defeated the Christians at Valdejunquera and took the bishops ofTui and Salamanca captive. Though intending to crush Pamplona itself, he turned around to deal with his immense booty.
     "Ordoño II-who had come at King Sancho's request-attributed the loss to the absence of the counts of Castile, who had not come at his call. He brought them together at Tejares and had them killed. The Christian counteroffensive was immediate, occupying La Rioja and incorporating into Navarre Nájera and Viguera.
     "He suffered frequent raids into his territory from the armies of Abd-ar-Rahman III and he confronted the Castilians who were aspiring to foment revolt in León.
     "Ordoño married three times. His first wife, and the mother of his children, was Elvira Menéndez, daughter of count Hermenegildo Gutiérrez and aunt of San Rosendo.
     "He then married Aragonta González, daughter of count Gonzalo Betótez. He set her aside because "she was not pleasing to him". When he formed a political alliance with Sancho I of Pamplona, he was married to that king's daughter, Sancha. He died in 924 leaving young children, and was succeeded by his eldest surviving brother, Fruela, the king of Asturias, thereby reuniting their father's patrimony. His widow would remarry Álvaro Herraméliz, Count of Álava, and following his death in 931, became the wife of Fernán González of Castile.
1.     Suárez Fernández, Luis (1975). Historia de España y media. Madrid, Spain: Ediciones Rialp. p. 253. ISBN 84-321-1882-6.
2.     García-Osuna, José María Manuel; Rodríguez. "El astur rey de León Fruela II Adefónsiz "El Leproso". Argutorio: revista de la Asociación Cultural "Monte Irago" 9 (20): 25-28. Retrieved 18 May 2012."⁷

; Per Genealogy.EU: "King Ordoño II of Galicia (901-924) and Leon (914-924), *ca 873, +I.924; 1m: 890/900 Elvira (+921) dau.of Cde Hermenegildo by Hermesenda Gatonez; 2m: 922 (div.922) Aragonta, dau.of Cde Gonzalo Betotez by Teresa Eriz; 3m: 923 Sancha of Navarre (+XII.959)."¹

; Per Med Lands:
     "ORDOÑO de Asturias, son of ALFONSO III "el Magno" King of Asturias, Galicia and León & his wife Jimena García de Pamplona ([873]-Jan 924, bur Léon Santa María). The Crónica de Sampiro (interpolated, España Sagrada edition) records that “Adefonsus filius Domini Ordonii” married “Pampilona…uxorem ex illorum prosapia generis…Xemena” by whom he had “filios...Garseanum, Ordonium, Froilanum et Gundisalvum qui archidiaconus ecclesie Ovetensis fuit”[331]. "Adefonsus rex et Exemena regina" donated property near Lanzada which had belonged to "Hermegildus filius Petri et uxor sua Yberia", who has rebelled against the king, to Santiago de Compostela by charter dated 24 Jun 886, subscribed by "Exemena regina, Garsea, Hordonius, Froila"[332]. "Adefonsus rex et Exemena regina" donated "ecclesiam sce. Marie…in villa…Arenosium" to Santiago de Compostela by charter dated 25 Jul 893, subscribed by "Exemena regina, Veremudus, Garsia, Ordonius, Froila, Gundisaluus"[333]. The Historia Silense records that "Ordonius frater regni" succeeded "Garsias"[334]. The Chronicon Regum Legionensium names "King Ordoño" as the son of "King Alfonso and Jimena", when reporting his reburial in light of the threatened invasion of the kingdom of León and Asturias by Al-Mansur, but mistakenly names his wives "Mummadonna and Sancha"[335]. He was brought up by Muhammad ibn Lubb, of the Banu Qasi family, with whom his father maintained close relations[336]. King Alfonso III and his wife "Ximena regina" donated property to Sahagún by charter dated 30 Nov 904, subscribed by "Garsia, Ordonius, Froila, Ranimirus, Gundisalvus", presumably their sons although this is not stated in the document[337]. "Adefonsus rex" donated property to Sahagún by charter dated 28 Apr 909, subscribed by "Vimara Froilani, Garsea, Ordonius, Gundisalvus, Froila, Ranimirus, Dunninus"[338]. He succeeded his brother in 914 as ORDOÑO II King of León, at León. The Crónica de Sampiro, as reproduced in the Historia Silense, records that Ordoño came "ex partibus Gallecie" on his accession, implying that he had been ruler in Galicia, presumably from the death of his father[339]. He consolidated the establishment of León as the new capital of his realm with many new constructions. He captured Evora in 913, massacring the Muslim population including the Muslim Governor in the mosque[340]. He defeated Abd al-Rahman III Emir of Córdoba at San Esteban de Gormaz 4 Sep 917, and together with Sancho García King of Pamplona he reconquered Rioja in 918, taking Nájera, Tudela, Calahorra and Arnedo. "Ordonius rex et Giloria regina" donated el Coto de Valdueza to the monastery of San Pedro de Montes by charter dated 24 Apr [918][341]. He suffered reverses with the Muslim counter-offensive in 920, defeated by Emir Abd al-Rahman at Valdejunquera[342]. King Ordoño II exchanged property “quod germanus noster Gundisalvuus ad obitum suum” with Sobrado by charter dated 27 Feb 922[343]. The Crónica de Sampiro, as reproduced in the Historia Silense, records that King Ordoño II died "progediens de Çemora morbo proprio" after reigning “in pace” for nine years and six months and was buried “in aula sancte Marie virginis sedis Legionensis”[344]. The Chronicon Compostellani records that “Ordonius frater eius [Garsea]” reigned nine years and six months[345].
     "m firstly ---. This possible, otherwise unrecorded, first marriage is suggested by a charter dated 21 Feb 897 which records that "Gondesindus prolis Erus et Adosinda" accepted as his wife "Enderquina conmento Pala filia dux Menemdus Gutierizi et Ermesinda [iermana de domna Geluira regina que fuit mulier de Ordonius rex mater Ranemirus principe"[346]. If King Ordoño II´s recorded wife Elvira Ménendez had been the mother of his children Sancho and Alfonso, his first and second sons according to the order of their names in other sources which are quoted below, it is unlikely that the king´s third son Ramiro would have been singled out for mention as the son of Elvira in this charter. Another possibility is that the document was created later, after the succession of Ramiro as king in 931, and that the author considered that he was the only son of Elvira who was worth mentioning.]
     "m [firstly/secondly] ([890/900]) ELVIRA Menéndez, daughter of conde HERMENEGILDO Gutiérrez & his wife Ermesinda Gatóniz (-[8 Sep/Oct] 921). Her parentage and marriage are confirmed by a charter dated 21 Feb 897 which records that "Gondesindus prolis Erus et Adosinda" accepted as his wife Elvira´s sister "Enderquina conmento Pala filia dux Menemdus Gutierizi et Ermesinda iermana de domna Geluira regina que fuit mulier de Ordonius rex mater Ranemirus principe"[347]. This document, if correctly dated, also provides an indication of the approximate date of her marriage. “Hordonius Rex ac Gelvira Regina” donated property to the church of Santiago by charter “IV Kal Feb” dated to 915[348]. Elvira´s parentage is confirmed by the charter dated 16 Aug 929 under which “Adefonsus rex” granted the government of various commisas to “tio nostro domno Gutierre”, who was her son[349]. "Ordonius rex et Giloria regina" donated el Coto de Valdueza to the monastery of San Pedro de Montes by charter dated 24 Apr [918][350]. "Ordonius princeps et uxor Gelvira regina" donated property to Sahagún by charter dated 25 May 920, subscribed by their children "Sanzo, Adefonso principi, Ranemiro, Xemena"[351]. "Hordonis rex et Gilvira regina" confirmed the possessions of the monastery of Santa Eugenia de Calaberas by charter dated 20 Feb 921, subscribed by "Sanzo prolis regis, Adefonsus, Ranimirus, Scemena, Garsea"[352]. "Ordonius rex et Gelvira regina" donated property to Sahagún by charter dated 1 Mar 921, subscribed by "Sanzio prolis regis, Adefonsus, Ranimirus, Froila"[353]. The Crónica de Sampiro, as reproduced in the Historia Silense, records the death of "reginam dominam Geluiram" after "rex…Ordonius" enjoyed a series of victories against the Muslims, capturing the castles of "Sarmalon, Eliph, Palmacio, et Castellon, et Magnanza"[354].
     "m [secondly/thirdly] (Feb 922, divorced 922) ARAGONTA González, daughter of conde GONZALO Betótiz & his wife Teresa Ériz (-956). The Crónica de Sampiro, as reproduced in the Historia Silense, records the second marriage of "rex…Ordonius" and "uxorem ex partibus Gallicie nomine Agaruntum" who was repudiated by the king[355]. “Aragonti” donated property to the monastery of Carboeiro, for the soul of “domini et viri mei Hordonii principis”, by charter dated 20 Nov 929, affirmed after her death by “Arianem episcopo” who calls the donor “tie nostre…domne Aragonti regine”[356]. Her parentage is confirmed by a charter dated to [956] which records the settlement of property disputes relating to “el territorio de Salnés” and names “domno Gundisalbus dux comite et…comitesa domna Tarasia…comite domno Pelagio prolis Gundisalbizi et illa regina domna Aragonta sororem suam…comitessa domna Elduara”[357].
     "m [thirdly/fourthly] (Mar 923) as her first husband, SANCHA Sánchez de Navarra, daughter of SANCHO I Garces King of Navarre & his second wife Toda Aznárez de Larraún (after 900-[9 Jun 952/26 Dec 955]). The Codex de Roda names "Garsea rex et domna Onneca et domna Sanzia et domna Urraca…domna Belasquita, necnon et domna Orbita" as the children of "Sanzio Garseanis" and his wife "Tota Asnari", stating that Sancha married "Ordonii imperatoris, postea…Albaro Harramelliz de Alaba, demumque…Fredenando comitis"[358]. The Crónica de Sampiro, as reproduced in the Historia Silense, records the marriage of "regis Garsiani [error for Sanchi]…filiam suam…Sanciam" and King Ordoño II, dateable to 923 from the context of the passage[359]. She married secondly ([924]) Álvaro Herraméliz Conde en Álava, and thirdly ([932]) Fernán González Conde de Castilla (-Jun 970). "
Med Lands cites: GAV-31 EDV-31. He was King of Galicia between 901 and 924.¹ He was King of Leon between 910 and 925 at León, Spain (now).³ He was King of Leon between 914 and 924.¹

     Alvaro Herraméliz (?) Conde en Álava married Sanchia Sanchez (?) of Navarre, daughter of Sancho I Garces (?) King of Navarre and Toda Aznarez de Larron, circa 924.^3,1,2

Alvaro Herraméliz (?) Conde en Álava died after 11 January 931.^1,2
     Alvaro Herraméliz (?) Conde en Álava lived at an unknown place ; Per Med Lands:
     "ÁLVARO Herraméliz (-after 11 Jan 931). “…Alvari Ferraneliz…” witnessed the charter dated 21 Oct 923 under which Ordoño II King of León restored the monastery of Santa Coloma in Rioja[48]. He took part in the capture of Nájera and Viguera with Ordoño II King of León[49]. Conde en Álava in [926][50]. The dating clause of a charter dated 11 Jan 931, under which the people of Viguera donated property to the monastery of San Martín de Albelda, names "regnante…principe Semeno Garseanis in Pampilona, comes Alvaro Arramelliz in Alava"[51].
     "m ([924]) as her second husband, SANCHA Sánchez de Navarra, widow of ORDOÑO II King of León, daughter of SANCHO I Garces King of Navarre & his second wife Toda Aznárez de Larraún (after 900-[9 Jun 952/26 Dec 955]). The Codex de Roda names "Garsea rex et domna Onneca et domna Sanzia et domna Urraca…domna Belasquita, necnon et domna Orbita" as the children of "Sanzio Garseanis" and his wife "Tota Asnari", stating that Sancha married "Ordonii imperatoris, postea…Albaro Harramelliz de Alaba, demumque…Fredenando comitis"[52]. She continued to govern the condado of Álava after the death of her husband[53], but married thirdly ([932]) as his first wife, Fernando González Conde de Castilla."
Med Lands cites:

     Pedro Manriquez de Lara Count de Lara, Vcte de Narbonne was born before 1157.² He married Sancha Garces (?) Infanta of Navarre, daughter of Garcia IV/VI Ramirez "el Restaurador" (?) King of Navarre and Doña Urraca Alfonsa "la Asturiana" (?) Infanta de Castilla y León, Queen of Navarre, before 1165
; her 2nd husband.^9,2,3 Pedro Manriquez de Lara Count de Lara, Vcte de Narbonne married Margaret (?) of Scotland before 30 December 1177.²

Pedro Manriquez de Lara Count de Lara, Vcte de Narbonne died in January 1202.^1,2 He married Mafalda (?) before 3 February 1202
; his 3rd wife.²
     Pedro Manriquez de Lara Count de Lara, Vcte de Narbonne was also known as Pedro Manrique de Lara Vcte de Narbonne.^10,11
; Per Stasser email [2003]: "dans l'article 027c01c36266$6f591080$78f4fea9@old, Leo van de Pas à leov...@bigpond.com a écrit le 14/08/03 15:30 :
- hide quoted text -
> Before 1265 Sybille de Foix married Aimery Vicomte de Narbonne.
>
> Does anyone know whether he was Aimery IV or Aimery VI and can anyone help me with his ancestor list?
     "Aimery IV of Narbonne married Sibylle, dau of Roger IV count of Foix and Brunissende of Cardonna
     "He died in october 1298, and was the son of Amaury I,viscount of narbonne, by Philippa, dau of Pierre Bermond of Sauve and Anduze, and Gauceranne of Poitiers
     "Amaury I of Narbonne was the second son of Aimery III by his 2nd wife Marguerite, dau of Mathieu of Montmorency, lord of Marly, and Mathilde of Garlande
     "Aimery III of Narbonne was the son of Pierre Manrique of Lara, viscount of narbonne, by his 1st wife sancia, dau of King Garcia V of Navarra, and his 2nd wife Sancia of Castilla
     "Pierre Manrique of Lara was the 2nd son of Manrique Perez of Lara by Ermessinde, 2nd dau of Viscount Aimery II of Narbonne
     "Viscount Aimery II of Narbonne had by his first wife Ermengarde a son, Aimery, who died young, and a daughter, Ermengarde, who inherited Narbonne. By his 2nd wife Ermessinde, he had another daughter, Ermessinde, mar to Manrique Perez of Lara
     "Viscount Aimery II was the eldest son of viscount Aimery I of Narbonne by his wife Mathilde, 2nd daughter of Robert Guiscard of hauteville, duke of Apulia and Calabria, prince of Salerno and duke of Amalfi, by his 2nd wife Sichelgaita, dau of Prince Gaimar IV of Salerno by his 2nd wife Gemma, dau of a count Laidulf, presumably of Teano
     "Aimey I of Narbonne was the son of Viscount Bernard Berenger by his wife Fides, who may have been the dau of Count Hugues of Rouergue
     "Bernard Berenger of Narbonne was the 2nd son of Viscount Berenger by garsinde, dau of Count Bernard I of Besalu and Tota/Adelaide, presumably dau of Raymond count of Toulouse and Adelaide of Anjou
     "Berenger of Narbonne was the son of Viscount Raymond I of Narbonne by his wife Ricarda, presumably dau of Berenger I of Millau
     "Raymond I of Narbonne was the son of Viscount Matfred by his wife Adelaide, dau of Arnaud count of Carcassonne and Arsinde of Rouergue
     "Matfred of Narbonne was the son of viscount Eudes by his wife Richilde, dau of Guifred II of Barcelona and his wife Garsinde
     "Eudes of narbonne was the son of viscount Franco by his wife Arsinde, presumably dau of either Raymond I of Toulouse and his wife Bertheiz, or of Eudes of Toulouse and his wife Garsinde
I hope this helps, Thierry”.¹² He was living on 18 December 1157.²

     Gonzalo Nunez de Lara Count de Lara married Maria Diaz de Haro, daughter of Diego Lopez "el Bueno" de Haro Senor de Viscaya y Alava, Conde de Durango, Alferez Mayor de Castilla and Toda Perez de Azagra,
; his 2nd wife.^1,3 Gonzalo Nunez de Lara Count de Lara married Jimena Melendez (?)
; his 1st wife.³ Gonzalo Nunez de Lara Count de Lara was born before 1195.⁴
Gonzalo Nunez de Lara Count de Lara died in 1225.¹

     Aznar II Galindes (?) count of Aragón married Onneca (Iniga) Fortun (?), daughter of Fortún Garcés (?) King of Pamplona and Oria/Auria (?), in 880.^3,2

     GAV-32 EDV-32. Aznar II Galindes (?) count of Aragón was also known as Aznar Sanchez de Larron.

     Onneca (Iniga) Fortun (?) was born circa 847. She married Abdallah I (?) Emir of Cordoba in 863
; her 1st husband.¹ Onneca (Iniga) Fortun (?) married Aznar II Galindes (?) count of Aragón, son of Sancho Garces (?) of Pamplona, in 880.^5,1

     GAV-32 EDV-32.

     Abd Allah (?) Emir of Cordoba married Toda Aznarez de Larron, daughter of Aznar II Galindes (?) count of Aragón and Onneca (Iniga) Fortun (?).¹

Abd Allah (?) Emir of Cordoba died in 912.¹

     Fortún Garcés (?) King of Pamplona was born circa 830.^2,3,4 He married Oria/Auria (?), daughter of Lubb ibn Musa (?) and Ayab Al-Bilatiyya (?), circa 845.^7,2,3,4,8

Fortún Garcés (?) King of Pamplona was buried circa 905 at Monastery of San Salvador of Leyre, Yesa, Provincia de Navarra, Navarra, Spain.^4,9
Fortún Garcés (?) King of Pamplona died circa 905; "probably 905"; Genealogy.EU (Iberia 6 page) says d. after 925.^10,2,4
     Reference: Genealogics cites: Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag, Marburg, Schwennicke, Detlev (Ed.) 2:53.³ GAV-33 EDV-33.

; This is the same person as ”Fortún Garcés of Pamplona” at Wikipedia and as ”Fortún Garcés” at Wikipedia (IT).^11,9

; Per Genealogics:
     “Fortún Garcés is believed to have been born about 830, the eldest son of Garcia I Iniguez, king of Pamplona, and his wife Uracca. Fortún, called the One-Eyed, was to be the last king of the Arista dynasty. About 845 he married Aurea (or Auria or Oria), with whom he had several children of whom only Oneca Fortúnez is recorded with progeny with both her husbands, Abdallah ibn Mohammed I, emir of Córdoba, and her cousin Aznar Sanchez de Larraun, conde de Aragón.
     “Prince Fortún was taken prisoner by the Moors in 860 during the invasion of Emir Mohammed I of Córdoba and kept for the next 20 years. While a prisoner in Córdoba, his daughter Oneca Fortúnez married Abdallah ibn Mohammed, who would later succeed his father Mohammed I as emir. He was released from captivity in 880 and returned to Pamplona, apparently accompanied by his daughter, who had been repudiated by her husband. He succeeded upon the death of his father at Ayhar in 882 in a battle against Emir Mohammed I.
     “Fortún was king of Pamplona from 882 to 905. Little is known of the remainder of his reign except the manner of its ending. In 905, an alliance of the Banu Qasi under Lubb ibn Mohammed, King Alfonso III of Asturias, and Raimund I, count of Pallars and Ribagorza, brought about a successful coup in favour of the latter's nephew, Sancho I Garcés, son of Garcia II Jiménez of 'another part of the kingdom' of Pamplona, forcing Fortún to retire as a monk to Leyre. Some records have him dying as early as 905, but others after 925. Sancho I Garcés would later marry Toda Aznárez, granddaughter of Fortún.”.³

; Per Stone (2000): "...after having been held captive in Cordoba for 20 years..."¹⁰

; Per Genealogy.EU (Iberia 6): “D1. King Fortun Garcés of Pamplona (882-905), *ca 830, +after 925; m.ca 845 Aurea N”.¹²

; Per Med Lands:
     "FORTÚN García, son of GARCÍA I Iñíguez King of Pamplona & his first wife Urraca --- ([830]-after 905). The Codex de Roda names "Fortunio Garseanis et Sanzio Garseanis et domna Onneca" as the children of "Garsea Enneconis" and his unnamed wife[92]. He was captured by the Muslims in 860 and taken to Córdoba where he remained captive for twenty years[93]. "Rexo Garsia, filius Eneconis" donated property to the monastery of Leire, with the advice of "filii mei Fortunii", by charter dated 21 Oct 880[94]. He succeeded his father in 882 as FORTÚN [King] of Pamplona. “Rex Fortunio Garcianes” reviewed the territories of the monastery of San Julián de Labasal, at the request of “comite Galindo Asnar”, by charter dated 893, whose dating clause records “...Garcia Sanz in Gallias, Raimundus in Paliares, pagani...Mohomet Ebenlupu in Balleterra et Mohomet Atauel in Osca...”[95]. "Fertunius rex, proles regis Garsie" donated property to the monastery of Leire by charter dated 21 Mar 901[96]. The Libro de Regla of Leire Monastery, compiled in 1076, records that "Fortunius Garseanes" came "de Corduba", succeeded on the death of "Garsea Ennecones", but became "monachus in monasterio Legerensi", while "frater eius Sancius Garseanes cum uxore sua Dna Tota regina" ruled in his place[97]. This suggests that Fortún was deposed by Sancho. Sabaté Curull dates Fortún´s deposition to 905[98].
     "m ([845]) ORIA, daughter of ---. The Codex de Roda names "domna Oria filia de ---" as wife of "Furtunio Garseanis"[99]. "
Med Lands cites: He was King of Pamplona between 882 and 905.^10,2

     Oria/Auria (?) married Fortún Garcés (?) King of Pamplona, son of Garcia I Iñiguez (?) King of Pamplona and Urraca (?), circa 845.^3,4,5,6,2

      ; Per Genealogy.EU (Iberia 6): “D1. King Fortun Garcés of Pamplona (882-905), *ca 830, +after 925; m.ca 845 Aurea N”.⁷

; Per Med Lands:
     "FORTÚN García, son of GARCÍA I Iñíguez King of Pamplona & his first wife Urraca --- ([830]-after 905). The Codex de Roda names "Fortunio Garseanis et Sanzio Garseanis et domna Onneca" as the children of "Garsea Enneconis" and his unnamed wife[92]. He was captured by the Muslims in 860 and taken to Córdoba where he remained captive for twenty years[93]. "Rexo Garsia, filius Eneconis" donated property to the monastery of Leire, with the advice of "filii mei Fortunii", by charter dated 21 Oct 880[94]. He succeeded his father in 882 as FORTÚN [King] of Pamplona. “Rex Fortunio Garcianes” reviewed the territories of the monastery of San Julián de Labasal, at the request of “comite Galindo Asnar”, by charter dated 893, whose dating clause records “...Garcia Sanz in Gallias, Raimundus in Paliares, pagani...Mohomet Ebenlupu in Balleterra et Mohomet Atauel in Osca...”[95]. "Fertunius rex, proles regis Garsie" donated property to the monastery of Leire by charter dated 21 Mar 901[96]. The Libro de Regla of Leire Monastery, compiled in 1076, records that "Fortunius Garseanes" came "de Corduba", succeeded on the death of "Garsea Ennecones", but became "monachus in monasterio Legerensi", while "frater eius Sancius Garseanes cum uxore sua Dna Tota regina" ruled in his place[97]. This suggests that Fortún was deposed by Sancho. Sabaté Curull dates Fortún´s deposition to 905[98].
     "m ([845]) ORIA, daughter of ---. The Codex de Roda names "domna Oria filia de ---" as wife of "Furtunio Garseanis"[99]. "
Med Lands cites:

;      Per Wikipedia (ES): "Contrajo matrimonio con Awriya ibn Lubb, llamada Oria, quien pudo ser hija de Lubb ibn Musa y de Ayab Al-Bilatiyya, y nieta, por parte paterna, de Musa ibn Musa y de Assona Íñiguez. [13]” [Translation from Google: "He married Awriya ibn Lubb, named Oria, who could have been the daughter of Lubb ibn Musa and Ayab Al-Bilatiyya, and granddaughter, on the paternal side, of Musa ibn Musa and Assona Íñiguez."]
Wikipedia (ES) cites:
Per Wikipedia: "Auria – also known as Oria – was an early Queen consort of Pamplona. She is known from a single historical source, the Códice de Roda, which only gives her name and not her parentage. Historian and professor Antonio Rei has put forward the hypothesis that she could have been the granddaughter of Musa ibn Musa ibn Qasi,[1] while genealogist Christian Settipani suggested this and two other alternatives when addressing her possible parentage.[2]
Wikipedia cites:

Reference: Genealogics cites: Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag, Marburg, Schwennicke, Detlev (Ed.) 2:53.²

; This is the same person as ”Auria” at Wikipedia (DK).⁸ Oria/Auria (?) was also known as Awriya ibn Lubb.¹ GAV-33 EDV-33 GKJ-34.

; Per Farmerie:
     "The other night I happened to be going over some odds and ends, and came across the subject of much speculation, Auria, queen of Navarre. As a refresher, she appears in one and only one historical record, the Codice de Roda, which states that king Fortun married Oria, daughter of _____ (left blank in the manuscript).
     "Given this paucity of evidence, one might be surprised to find her so widely and unambiguously stated to have been daughter of Lubb ibn Musa ibn Qasi. The reason for this, as has been discussed here before, is two-fold: first, the name Auria has only been found among the Basque ruling classes in the pedigree of the Banu Qasi, where we find Auria bint Muza ibn Qasi, sister of Lubb, marrying an otherwise obscure prince Garcia, who was killed in battle in 859. It would be reasonable to hypothesize a woman named Auria having a niece named Auria. Second. . . well, let's face it. Second is that people really want to trace to anything unusual, such as jew, muslims, pagans, etc. . . . . really _really_, and so given any number of options, guess which they will pick. The second reason need not be addressed (genealogy is a process, not a goal).
     "As to the first, the name Auria is neither an arab nor specifically a muladi name, but is of latin origin, and can be found centuries earlier in at least one convent. While it is accurate that this name is not known elsewhere among the families of the Basque princes, this is drawing conclusions from an extremely small sample. I am only aware of two documents with any reliability that name any Basque women at the time (one beign the Banu Qasi pedigree, which only names Auria, the other the Codice de Roda, which for the same and surrounding generations give us just three additional names, one of which is used twice. The interpretation that the name is unique to the Banu Qasi has been made from this data, but I would suggest that it is just as (in)valid to conclude from the same data set that 20% of all Basque women had the name. Without a larger sample of names, it is hard to support a Banu Qasi-only derivation (Christian Settipani has proposed three alternative origins for her). I would like to propose a fourth, but before I do . . . .
     "Let me amplify this point of Basque naming, since what I feel to be a misapplication of onomastics has led to all kinds of mischief with respect to the genealogical reconstructions. Of the earliest three generations of the major Pamplona principality, we know just four names. Inigo Arista was son of another Inigo, had a brother Fortun, and had sons Garcia and Galindo. Given this pattern, a marriage has been hypothesized between Inigo Arista and one of the two families known to be using the name Galindo, the two fighting over Aragon. I have to ask, with such a small number of known names and only one name in the generation before Arista, how can one possibly conclude that the name Galindo was just introduced into the family through marriage? Could not Arista have had a paternal uncle of that name? (or for that matter could not one of these Galindos have been his paternal uncle?) I know that it is no fun just to say "there is not enough information on which to base speculation", but the approach used seems as likely to result in 'the blind men and the elephant' scenarios as having any chance at authenticity. And all of this is based on the fact that there are just these families to consider. Were there no other families in all of the Basque regions with daughters, that every wife had to come from one of three families? In fact, we know there were others. We know that the Jimenez held sway in "another part of the kingdom" (a relationship perhaps similar to that between Malcolm II and Macbeth at the time of their visit to Canute), but at this time we only know the founder Jimeno had sons Inigo and Garcia, but nothing about siblings or ancestors. There was also that prince Garcia who was killed in 859, about whom we know nothing else except his marriage to Auria. Settipani forces him into one of the other families, making him son of Garcia el Malo, but he may have represented yet another "part" of the Pyrenees. Again, I ask, given that you don't know if the name was already in use by the family, and given that you have an account of the names in use by only a subset of the identified candidate families, and given that there were certainly other canditate families yet to be identified, is it really justified to even speculate that the name was novel and came from a particular other family via marriage. OK, enough of this rant, back to Auria.
     "As I said, I would like to suggest another alternative, not instead of those already proposed, but in addition to (in other words, don't nobody go and put this in y'all's databases). First, chronology. The date of Fortun's birth has not been recorded (obviously). What is known is that he was oldest son of his father, who was acting as regent in 841, and that he himself was old enough to be captured, apparently in battle, in 860. He was returned from Cordoba in 880, and forced into a monastery in 905. His granddaughter, the daughter of a second marriage of his daughter to his younger brother's son, was still having children in the 920s, while a greatgrandson was already reigning in Cordoba in 912. In other words, there is a whole lot of wiggle room. Still, this last date seems to limit the marriage. For a great-grandson to be ruling the largest state in the Mediterranean, one would be hard pressed to place the marriage much later than, say, 870, and I would suggest earlier than that, as the marriage of his daughter to 'Abdullah ibn Muhammad is likely to have taken place prior to his return from Cordoba in 980, placing it closer to 860 or even before. Likewise, I would be hesitant to take it too much earlier, as one gets the impression that Inigo (or at least his brother, "the preeminent warrior in the kingdom" several years later) was not exactly in his dotage when he was paralysed in battle in 841, meaning that his grandson, even as oldest son of oldest son, could not have been very old. This then gives us our chronological framework (as it is).
     "In terms of our genealogical framework, he was oldest son of the oldest son of Inigo, and unfortunately, his known kinsmen make for a very short list. In addition to his father Garcia and grandfather Inigo, he had a great uncle Fortun, an uncle Galindo and brothers Velasco and Sancho. His aunt Ausona married Musa ibn Musa ibn Qasi, who was also his great-uncle, being the half-brother of Fortun and Inigo. He had another aunt who married Garcia el Malo, and had a son Galindo. He had a sister Oneca married to Aznar Galindez of Aragon.
     "I have lost my train of thought here, so let's just cut to the chase. Fortun appears to have been 'of a generation' with Auria bint Musa, wife of Garcia, k. 859. Likewise, an 860 marriage date falls within the chronological framework already worked out. Rather than being her niece, could Fortun's wife have been none other than Auria bint Musa bint Qasi herself. The argument has in it's favor this general chronological and genealogical framework: husband and wife would be first cousins, and avoids the unneccesary multiplication of Aurias. The biggest point against it is whether the Banu Qasi genealogist, who so fastidiously reported the marriage of a member of the family to a prince Garcia who is utterly unknown in the christian sources would then have failed to record her subsequent marriage to King Fortun. (One could ad hoc some scenarios, but why bother.) Of course this last is an argument that bites just as hard into those making her Auria ibn Lubb ibn Qasi.”.⁹

     Garcia I Iñiguez (?) King of Pamplona was born circa 810.^1,7,5 He married Urraca (?) circa 825
;
His 1st wife; date of marriage based on fact that according Genealogy.EU (Iberia 6 page) their oldest child was born ca 825 [GAV 29 June 2003].^8,1,4,5 Garcia I Iñiguez (?) King of Pamplona married Leodegundis (?) de Leon, daughter of Ordono I (?) King of Asturias and Munia (?) of Gascony, after 842
;
His 2nd wife.
Genealogy.EU (Iberia 6 page) says "all of García's kids were by 1m"; date of marriage based on belief last child by first marriage was born ca 842 [GAV 9 June 2003].^1,5,9
Garcia I Iñiguez (?) King of Pamplona died in 882; Killed by Arabs.^1,5
     GAV-34 EDV-34. GAV-32 EDV-32 GKJ-34.

Reference: Genealogics cites: Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag, Marburg, Schwennicke, Detlev (Ed.) II 53.⁴

; Per Genealogics:
     "Garcia Iñiguez was born about 810, the son of Iñigo Iñiguez Arista, king of Pamplona. He was king from his father's death in 851 or 852 to his own death in 882. He was educated in Córdoba as a guest at the court of its emir. When his father was stricken by paralysis in 842, he became regent of the kingdom (or perhaps co-regent with his uncle Fortún Iñiguez). He and his kinsman Musa ibn Musa ibn Fortún of the Banu Qasi rebelled against the Córdoban emir in 843. This rebellion was put down by Emir Abd-ar-Rahman II, who attacked the kingdom of Pamplona, defeating Garcia badly and killing Fortún.
     "Following the death of Iñigo Arista, the Banu Qasi leader Musa ibn Musa pursued a policy of closer allegiance with Muhammad I of Córdoba, leaving Garcia to look to Christian Asturias for an ally. In 859 Musa ibn Musa allowed a contingent of Vikings to pass through his lands and attack Navarre, resulting in the capture of Garcia, who was forced to pay at least 70,000 gold dinars in ransom. Later the same year, Musa ibn Musa attacked the Pamplonese city of Albelda. Garcia and his new friend Ordoño I of Asturias together dealt Musa a crushing blow, killing, it is said, 10,000 of his magnates in the Battle of Albelda. This in turn provoked a Muslim response and the next year, 860, saw Garcia's son and heir Fortún captured and imprisoned by the Moors. He languished in Córdoba for the next 20 years. In 870 Garcia formed an alliance with the Muslim rebel Amrus ibn Amr ibn Amrus, who had killed Garcia's nephew Musa ibn Galindo of Huesca, and the next year was apparently in a new alliance with the sons of Musa ibn Musa, now in rebellion against Córdoba.
     "Garcia I favoured the pilgrims who travelled to Santiago de Compostela, and attempted to guarantee peace for that traffic. Garcia's death has been subject to scholarly dispute, a result of a paucity of records from the last years of his reign. The lack of subsequent mention of him after 870 led to the suggestion that he died in that year, and as his heir was in the hands of his enemies, it was argued that Garcia Jiménez then governed the kingdom as regent. Garcia's son Fortún Garcés was then portrayed as succeeding upon his release in 880. There is, however, no evidence for such a regency, and Sanchéz Albornoz has cited evidence that Garcia was still living at the time of his son's return. Thus it is likely that Balparda was reporting accurate tradition when he suggested that Garcia and his ally Umar ibn Hafsun fought a battle at Aybar against the troops of the emir of Córdoba in 882, Garcia dying there (although the age attributed to him, 84 years, is clearly exaggerated).
     "The identity of Garcia's wife or wives is poorly documented, and has been subject to much speculation. An undated confirmation of an earlier lost charter refers to King Garcia and Queen Urraca Mayor, and this is thought by some to refer to Garcia Iñiguez and an otherwise unknown wife. Based on her name alone, it has been suggested that she was of the Banu Qasi, but other historians have given her different parentage, or even a different king as husband. Likewise, royal princess Leodegundia Ordoñez of Asturias, daughter of Ordoño I of Asturias, is known to have married a ruler of Pamplona, and Garcia Iñiguez is one of those speculated to have been this prince.
     "Garcia Iñiguez had the following children: Fortún Garcés, the future king; Sancho Garcés, whose only known child, Aznar Sánchez, married a daughter of King Fortún Garcés and by her had Queens Toda Aznárez, wife of King Sancho Garcés I, and Sancha Aznárez, wife of King Jimeno Garcés; Onneca Garcés, wife of Aznar Galindez II; Velasquita Garcés, married to Mutariff ibn Musa ibn Qasi, Wali of Huesca, son of Musa ibn Musa; and Jimena, wife of Alfonso III of León. Sancho, Jimena and Onneca are known to have had progeny."⁴

; Per Stone (2000) chart 60-2: "...captured by and then ransomed from Viking raiders."⁸

; This is the same person as ”García Íñiguez of Pamplona” at Wikipedia and as ”García Íñiguez de Pamplona” at Wikipedia (ES).^10,11

; Per Genealogy.EU (Iberia 6): “C1. King García I Íñiguez of Pamplona (851-882), *ca 810, +882; 1m: Uracca N; 2m: Leogundis of Leon; all of García's kids were by 1m.”.¹²

; Per Med Lands:
     "[LEODEGUNDIS. The manuscript of the Codex de Roda entitled "Versi domna Leodegundia regina" names "Leodegundiam Ordonii filiam" and indicates her position as Queen of Pamplona after her marriage[215]. She has been identified as a possible second wife of García I Íñiguez King of Pamplona but, as there is no indication of dates in the "Versi", this is mere speculation. Barrau-Dihigo casts doubt on this identification[216]. It is of course possible that she was not a historical figure at all. It may have been convenient for chroniclers of the rulers of Pamplona to invent a dynastic connection with the kings of Asturias in order to boost local credibility.
     "m --- King of Pamplona, son of ---.] "
Med Lands cites: He was King of Pamplona between 852 and 882.⁸

     Iñigo II "Arista" Iniguez (?) 1st King of Pamplona married Oneca|Iñiga|Ignacia (?)
;
His 2nd wife.^6,5,3,4 Iñigo II "Arista" Iniguez (?) 1st King of Pamplona was born between 788 and 790.⁴
Iñigo II "Arista" Iniguez (?) 1st King of Pamplona died between 851 and 852.^5,4
     GAV-37 EDV-35 GKJ-35.

; Per Fletcher: "...a small independent kingdom based on Pamplona emerged during the second quarter of the ninth century under a native chieftain named Iñigo Arista. His descendants ruled the kingdom of Pamplona and exercised at the least an intermittent suzerainty over the county of Aragon until the early tenth century. They were then supplanted by another local dynasty whose first representative was a king named Sancho Garcés I (i.e. Sancho son of García) who ruled from 905 to 925.“.¹

Reference: Genealogics cites: Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag, Marburg, Schwennicke, Detlev (Ed.) II 53.³ Iñigo II "Arista" Iniguez (?) 1st King of Pamplona was also known as Jimeno.⁵ He was King of Pamplona between 824 and 852.⁷

     William de Braiose 6th Baron de Braiose married Eva (Eve) Marshal of Pembroke, daughter of William Marshal 1st Earl of Pembroke and Isabella de Clare Countess of Strigoil.^2,3,1

William de Braiose 6th Baron de Braiose died on 2 May 1230 at Wales; Boyer (2001, p. 41) "hanged...by Llywelyn ab Iorweth."^2,3,1
     He was Lord Abergavenny at Calne, Wiltshire, England.⁴ GAV-21 EDV-21 GKJ-22. William de Braiose 6th Baron de Braiose was also known as William III de Braose of Brecknock.⁵

     Grace (Gracia) de Briwere married Reginald de Braiose 6th Baron de Braiose, son of William III de Braiose 4th Lord of Bramber and Maud/Mahaut/Mathilde de Saint-Valéry The Lady of Hay, before 1215
; his 1st wife.^3,2,4,5
Grace (Gracia) de Briwere died before 1215.^3,1
     GAV-22 EDV-22 GKJ-23.

.⁶