Person Page - 1800

     Johann Karl (?) von Habsburg was born on 1 November 1605 at Graz, Austria.^1,2
Johann Karl (?) von Habsburg died on 26 December 1619 at age 14.^1,2

     Eleanora Gonzaga was born on 18 November 1628 at Mantua, Italy (now); Louda & Maclagan (Table 75) says b. 1630.^1,2 She married Ferdinand III (?) Holy Roman Emperor, son of Ferdinand II (?) Holy Roman Emperor, King of Bohemia & Hungary and Maria Anna (?) Princess of Bavaria, on 30 April 1651 at Wiener Neustadt, Austria,
; his 3rd wife.^1,2,3
Eleanora Gonzaga died on 6 December 1686 at Vienna, Austria, at age 58.^1,2

     Carlo II Gonzaga Duc de Nevers et Rethel, Duc de Mayenne et d'Aiguillon, Marquis de Villars, Comte du Maine, Comte de Tende et de Sommerive was born in 1609.² He married Maria Gonzaga, daughter of Francesco IV Gonzaga Duca di Mantova e del Monferrato and Margherita (?) Viceregina of Portugal, on 25 December 1627 at Mantua, Italy (now).²

Carlo II Gonzaga Duc de Nevers et Rethel, Duc de Mayenne et d'Aiguillon, Marquis de Villars, Comte du Maine, Comte de Tende et de Sommerive died on 14 August 1631 at Cavriana, Italy (now).²
     He was Duc de Mayenne et d'Aiguillon, Marquis de Villars, Comte du Maine, Comte de Tende et de Sommerive.²

; Carlo II, Duc de Nevers et Rethel (1627-31), Duc de Mayenne et d'Aiguillon, Marquis de Villars, Comte du Maine, Comte de Tende et de Sommerive, *1609, +Cavriana 14.8.1631; m.Mantova 25.12.1627 Maria Gonzaga (*29.7.1609 +14.8.1660.)² He was Duc de Nevers et Rethel between 1627 and 1631.^1,2

     Marie Leopoldina (?) of Tyrol was born on 6 April 1632 at Innsbruck, Austria.^1,2 She married Ferdinand III (?) Holy Roman Emperor, son of Ferdinand II (?) Holy Roman Emperor, King of Bohemia & Hungary and Maria Anna (?) Princess of Bavaria, in 1648 at Linz, Austria,
; his 2nd wife.^1,2
Marie Leopoldina (?) of Tyrol died on 7 July 1649 at Vienna, Austria, at age 17.^1,2
      ; Marie Leopoldina, *Innsbruck 6.4.1632, +Vienna 7.7.1649, bur Kapuzinergruft, Vienna; m.Linz 1648 Emperor Ferdinand III (*13.7.1608 +2.4.1657.)²

     Isabella Clara (?) of Tyrol was born on 12 August 1629 at Innsbruck, Austria.^1,2 She married Carlo III Gonzaga Duca di Mantova, Duca del Monferrato, son of Carlo II Gonzaga Duc de Nevers et Rethel, Duc de Mayenne et d'Aiguillon, Marquis de Villars, Comte du Maine, Comte de Tende et de Sommerive and Maria Gonzaga, on 7 November 1649.^1,4,2

Isabella Clara (?) of Tyrol died on 24 February 1685 at Mantua, Italy (now), at age 55.^1,2

     Carlo III Gonzaga Duca di Mantova, Duca del Monferrato was born on 31 October 1629 at Mantua, Italy (now).^1,2 He married Isabella Clara (?) of Tyrol, daughter of Leopold V (?) Archduke of Austria, Count of Tyrol and Claudia de Medici, on 7 November 1649.^1,2,3

Carlo III Gonzaga Duca di Mantova, Duca del Monferrato died on 14 August 1665 at Mantua, Italy (now), at age 35.^1,2
      ; Carlo II, Duca di Mantova, Duca del Monferrato (1637-65), *Mantova 31.10.1629, +there 14.8.1665; m.7.11.1649 Isabella Klara of Austria, dau.of Leopold of Tyrol (*12.8.1629 +31.10.1685.)² He was Duca di Mantova, Duca del Monferrato between 1637 and 1665.^1,2

     Sigismund Franz (?) Archduke of Austria, Graf von Tirol, Bishop of Augsburg was born on 27 November 1630 at Innsbruck, Austria.^1,2,3 He married Maria Hedwig Auguste (?) Pfalzgräfin von Sulzbach on 13 June 1665 at Sulzbach, Germany (now),
; her 1st husband.^3,5
Sigismund Franz (?) Archduke of Austria, Graf von Tirol, Bishop of Augsburg died on 25 June 1665 at Innsbruck, Austria, at age 34.^1,2,3
      ; per Leo van de Pas: "As a second son, he was destined for the church. Without being made a priest, in 1646 he became bishop of Augsburg and, in 1653, bishop of Gurk and, in 1659, of Trient. However, in 1662 his elder brother died without a male heir. Sigismund Franz, to the disapproval of Emperor Leopold I, stepped forward wanting to be his brother's heir, which meant inheriting the county of Tirol.

However, in Tirol his thoughtfulness was noted as was his concern for the people in his charge and his careful attitude towards the costs of his court. His deceased brother had mortgaged Michaelsburg, Schoeneck and a third of Rodenegg to finance his life-style, but these Sigismund Franz was able to retrieve.

Only in 1665 did he give up his involvement with the church because of his impending marriage. At first he had asked for the hand of Maria Hedwig von Hessen-Darmstadt, but had to withdraw due to religious reasons. His proposal to Maria Hedwig Augusta von Sulzbach was accepted and, in June 1665, the marriage took place by proxy. However, on 25 June 1665, he died before the marriage was consummated. He was the last male of the Tirolean Habsburgs and, as his successor, Emperor Leopold I governed Tirol centrally from Vienna."³

; Leo van de Pas cites: 1. Genealogie der Graven van Holland Zaltbommel, 1969. , Dr. A. W. E. Dek, Reference: page 133.
2. L'Allemagne dynastique , Huberty, Giraud, Magdelaine, Reference: vol IV page 202.³ He was Cardinal, Bp of Augsburg and Trient.^1,2

     Ferdinand Karl (?) Archduke of Austria, Graf von Tyrol, Bishop of Passau was born on 17 May 1628 at Innsbruck, Austria.^1,2,3 He married Anna de Medici, daughter of Cosimo II de Medici Grand Duke of Tuscany and Maria Magdalena (?) Archduchess of Austria, on 10 June 1646 at Innsbruck, Austria.^1,2,3

Ferdinand Karl (?) Archduke of Austria, Graf von Tyrol, Bishop of Passau died on 30 December 1662 at Kaltern, Austria, at age 34.^1,2,3

     Claudia Felicitas (?) was born on 30 May 1653 at Innsbruck, Austria.^1,2 She married Leopold I (?) Holy Roman Emperor, son of Ferdinand III (?) Holy Roman Emperor and Maria Anna Margareta (?) Infanta of Spain, in 1673 at Graz, Austria,
; his 2nd wife.^1,2
Claudia Felicitas (?) died on 8 April 1676 at Vienna, Austria, at age 22.^1,2

     Ferdinand IV (?) King of Bohemia, Holy Roman Emperor was born on 8 September 1633 at Vienna, Austria.^1,2
Ferdinand IV (?) King of Bohemia, Holy Roman Emperor died on 9 July 1654 at age 20.^1,2
      ; FERDINAND IV Franz, Holy Roman Emperor (1653-54) -elected 31.5.1653, cr Regensburg 18.6.1653, King of Bohemia (1646-54) -cr 5.8.1646, *Vienna 8.9.1633, +Vienna 9.7.1654, bur Kapuzinergruft, Vienna.² He was King of Bohemia between 1646 and 1654.^1,2 He was Holy Roman Emperor in 1653/54.^1,2

     Charles Joseph (?) Bishop of Olomouc, Grand Master of Teutonic Order was born on 7 August 1649 at Vienna, Austria.^1,2
Charles Joseph (?) Bishop of Olomouc, Grand Master of Teutonic Order died on 27 January 1664 at Linz, Austria, at age 14.^1,2
     Charles Joseph (?) Bishop of Olomouc, Grand Master of Teutonic Order was also known as Karl Joseph (?) Bishop of Olmütz and Breslau.² He was Grand Master of the Teutonic Order between 1662 and 1664.¹

     Eleonora Maria Josefa (?) Archduchess of Austria was born on 31 May 1653 at Regensburg, Stadtkreis Regensburg, Bavaria (Bayern), Germany.^1,2,3 She married Michael Thomas Wisnowiecki King of Poland on 27 February 1670.^1,2,3
Eleonora Maria Josefa (?) Archduchess of Austria married Charles V Leopold (?) Duke of Lorraine, son of Nicolas Francois (?) Duc de Lorraine and Claude (?) de Lorraine, on 6 February 1678 at Wiener Neustadt, Austria,
; her 2nd husband.^1,4,3,5
Eleonora Maria Josefa (?) Archduchess of Austria died on 17 December 1697 at Vienna, Austria, at age 44.^1,2,3

     Michael Thomas Wisnowiecki King of Poland was born in 1640.¹ He married Eleonora Maria Josefa (?) Archduchess of Austria, daughter of Ferdinand III (?) Holy Roman Emperor and Eleanora Gonzaga, on 27 February 1670.^1,3,4

Michael Thomas Wisnowiecki King of Poland died in 1673.¹
      ; Leo van de pas cites: 1. Genealogie der Graven van Holland Zaltbommel, 1969. , Dr. A. W. E. Dek, Reference: page 135
2. Stammtafeln zur Geschichte der Europäischen Staaten, 4 volumes, Marburg, 1953, 1975., W. K. Prinz von Isenburg, Reference: vol II page 86.² He was King of Poland between 1669 and 1673.^1,2

     Charles V Leopold (?) Duke of Lorraine was born on 3 April 1643 at Vienna, Austria.^1,2,3 He married Maria Giovanna (?) Princess of Savoy-Nemours, daughter of Charles Amadeus (?) 5th Duc de Nemours and Geneva, Baron de Beaufort et Faucigny, 2nd Duc d'Aumale and Elizabeth de Bourbon Mlle de Vendome, in 1662
; her 1st husband.⁶ Charles V Leopold (?) Duke of Lorraine married Eleonora Maria Josefa (?) Archduchess of Austria, daughter of Ferdinand III (?) Holy Roman Emperor and Eleanora Gonzaga, on 6 February 1678 at Wiener Neustadt, Austria,
; her 2nd husband.^1,2,7,3
Charles V Leopold (?) Duke of Lorraine died on 18 April 1690 at Wels at age 47.^1,2,3
      ; Leo van de pas cites: 1. Stammtafeln zur Geschichte der Europäischen Staaten, 4 volumes, Marburg, 1953, 1975., W. K. Prinz von Isenburg, Reference: I 14
2. Genealogie der Graven van Holland Zaltbommel, 1969. , Dr. A. W. E. Dek, Reference: 135
3. Cahiers de Saint Louis Magazine. , Jacques Dupont, Jacques Saillot, Reference: 1224
4. Les 256 quartiers genealogiques de Jacques Henri VI, chef de la maison de France, 1980., Charles Vollet, Reference: 320.²

; Duke CHARLES V Leopold of Lorraine (1661-69), *Vienna 1643, +Wels 1690; m.Wiener Neustadt 1678 Archdss Eleonore Marie Josepha of Austria (*21.5.1653 +17.12.1697.)³ Charles V Leopold (?) Duke of Lorraine was also known as Karl IV Leopold (?) Duc de Lorraine.² He was Duc de Lorraine between 1661 and 1669.³ The marriage of Charles V Leopold (?) Duke of Lorraine and Maria Giovanna (?) Princess of Savoy-Nemours was annulled in 1665.⁶

     Mary Anna Josefa (?) von Hapsburg, Archduchess of Austria was born on 20 December 1654 at Regensburg, Stadtkreis Regensburg, Bavaria (Bayern), Germany.^1,2 She married Johann Wilhelm Joseph (?) Kfst von der Pfalz, son of Philipp Wilhelm (?) Kurfürst von der Pfalz, Herzog von Neuburg, Duke of Berg and Jülich and Elisabeth Amalie Magdalena (?) Landgräfin von Hesse-Darmstadt, in 1678.^1,2

Mary Anna Josefa (?) von Hapsburg, Archduchess of Austria died on 4 April 1689 at Vienna, Austria, at age 34.^1,2

     Margareta von Kleve was buried at ]Kloosterkerk, The Hague (Den Haag, 's-Gravenhage), Den Haag Municipality, Zuid-Holland, Netherlands; From Find A Grave:
     BIRTH     1375
     DEATH     14 May 1411 (aged 35–36)
     Nobility. Born the daugther of Adolf of Kleve and Mark and Margarete of Jülich. She married Albrecht of Holland on March 30th, 1394 in Cologne.
     Family Members
     Spouse
          Albrecht I of Straubing-Holland 1336–1404
     Children
          Katharina von Bayern 1361–1400
     BURIAL     Kloosterkerk, The Hague (Den Haag), Den Haag Municipality, Zuid-Holland, Netherlands
     Created by: Lutetia
     Added: 26 May 2013
     Find A Grave Memorial 111186185.⁶ She was born circa 1375.⁷ She married Albrecht I (?) Count of Holland, Zeeland and Hainaut, Duke of Bavaria-Straubing, son of Ludwig IV "Bavarus/der Bayer" (?) Duke of Bavaria, Holy Roman Emperor and Marguerite II (?) Countess de Hainaut, Holland and Zeeland, on 30 March 1394 at Heusden
;
His 2nd wife.^7,8
Margareta von Kleve died on 14 May 1411 at Haus Kleve, near Haarlem.^7,1
     ; Per Med Lands:
     "ALBRECHT von Bayern, son of Emperor LUDWIG IV Duke of Bavaria, King of Germany & his second wife Marguerite Ctss de Hainaut, Ctss of Holland (Munich 25 Jul 1336-The Hague 13 Dec 1404, bur The Hague). The Historia Episcoporum Pataviensium et Ducum Bavariæ names "Stephanus et Albertus" as sons of "Ludwicus imperator"[517]. He succeeded his father in 1347 as ALBRECHT I joint-Duke of Bavaria. He and his brothers partitioned their territories in 1349, he kept Lower Bavaria jointly. He succeeded his mother in 1349 as ALBRECHT Count of Holland and Zeeland, jointly with his brother Willem. However, the Dutch refused to accept this and in practice Willem governed alone. As a result of a further partition in 1353, he received Straubing jointly with his brother Wilhelm. Named Protector of Hainaut, Holland and Seeland in 1358, on behalf of his brother who had become insane. Emperor Karl IV invested him with the Counties of Holland, Seeland, Friesland and Hainaut, but this remained unrecognised by the population. He only succeeded on the death of his brother in 1388 as ALBERT Comte de Hainaut, Count of Holland and Seeland.
     "m firstly (Passau 19 Jul 1353) MARGARETA von Brieg, daughter of LUDWIG I Duke of Brieg [Piast] & his wife Agnes von Glogau und Sagan [Piast] ([1342/43]-The Hague 26 Feb 1386). Andreas von Regensburg’s early 15th century Chronica records that “Albertus filius Ludwici imperatoris, qui possedit Strawbingam” married “Margaretam filiam ducis Ludwici Polonie de Briga”[518]. The Chronica principum Polonie names "Margaretham…Hedwigim…et Katharinam" as the daughters of "dux…Ludwicus", recording that Margareta married "Alberti ducis Bavarie, Hanonie nec non Hollandie comitis"[519]. The Benessii de Weitmil Chronicon refers to the mother of "Domina Iohanna filia Alberti Ducis Bauariæ et Comitis terræ Holandiæ" as "filia filiæ Ludwici Ducis Sleziæ et Domini Legnicensis" when recording her marriage[520]. The Oude Kronik van Brabant records that "Albertus palatinus Reni, dux Bavarie" married "Margaretam filiam Ludovici ducis de Briga ex Polonia"[521].
     "m secondly (Heusden 2 Apr 1394) MARGARETA von Kleve, daughter of ADOLF I Graf von Kleve und von der Mark & his wife Margareta von Jülich ([1375]-Haus Kleve near Haarlem 14 May 1411, bur The Hague Kloosterkerk). Jan van Leiden’s Chronicon Comitum Hollandiæ records that Count Albert married secondly “Margaretam iuvenculam filiam Adulphi comitis Clivensis” by whom he was childless[522].
     "Mistress (1): ALEIDIS van Poelgeest, daughter of ---. Jan van Leiden’s Chronicon Comitum Hollandiæ records that, after the death of his first wife, Count Albert maintained a relationship for five years with “quandam concubinam domicellam Aleydim de Poelgeest” who was killed[523]. "
Med Lands cites:

; Per Med Lands: "MARGARETA ([1375]-Haus Kleve near Haarlem 14 May 1411, bur The Hague Kloosterkerk). Jan van Leiden’s Chronicon Comitum Hollandiæ records that Count Albert married secondly “Margaretam iuvenculam filiam Adulphi comitis Clivensis” by whom he was childless[1317]. m (Heusden 2 Apr 1394) as his second wife, ALBERT Comte de Hainaut, Count of Holland, son of Emperor LUDWIG IV Duke of Bavaria, King of Germany & his second wife Marguerite Ctss de Hainaut, Ctss of Holland (Munich 25 Jul 1336-The Hague 13 Dec 1404, bur The Hague)."
Med Lands cites: [1317] Sweerts, F. (1620) Rerum Belgicarum Annales Chronici et Historici (Frankfurt), Tome I, Chronicon Belgicum, Liber XXXI, Cap. XXXVII, p. 305.¹ Margareta von Kleve was also known as Margarete of Cleves.⁷

     Jan III Sobieski King of Poland was born on 17 August 1629 at Olesko, Galicia, Ukraine (now).^2,4,3 He married Marie Casimire Louise de La Grange d'Arquien on 5 July 1665
; her 2nd husband; m. secretly 14 May 1665.^5,2,3,6
Jan III Sobieski King of Poland died on 17 June 1696 at Wilanow, Poland, at age 66.^2,3,6
      ; per hyperhistory.net: "“He is a perfect oval which from a distance looks like a very large egg stood on the small end,” wrote one French observer, as he watched the Polish king, Jan III Sobieski. Blessed with a large head, enormous belly, and small feet, Jan Sobieski did indeed look something like an egg. He was a man of parts: theologian, philosopher, mathematician, historian, possessing a remarkable good memory, and speaking to perfection Latin, Polish, French, Italian, German, Turkish and Tartar. As one exhalted on a wall, Sobieski was an accomplished intellectual, and as a warrior he was one of the greatest in Polish history. He was a master in battle and the culmination of his daring and skill came when he led a combined army of Poles, Lithuanians, Germans, and Austrians against the Ottoman Turks and miraculously broke the siege of Vienna.

Although, Sobieski was not born a king, his origins were nonetheless noble. He was born during a violent thunderstorm on the August 17, 1629, in the family castle at Olesko, Galicia (now in the Ukraine.) From the moment that he could walk, he was given a smaller version of the curved Polish saber and was trained by his father in the arts of war. Whenever his family went to Mass at Zolkiew, his mother would take him, and his brother Mark to the tombs of their ancestors so that they could say prayers for their forbears who had died in battle, defending Poland from the ungodly hordes. He and his entire family were devote Catholics and Sobieski remained so his whole life. Jan grew and became very skilled in the art of war. It was this skill that would allow him to make his mark on history and further God’s purpose on the earth.

As a reward for his completion of school in Krakow, Sobieski’s father sent him and his brother on a tour of Europe, where they ended up spending a great deal of time in France. It was there that Sobieski formed his French ties that would allow him to ascend the throne later in his life. It was also where he met his wife-to-be. She was the daughter of a Marquis who was a captain in the Swiss Guard of the Duke of Orleans. Described as being “strong-willed and precocious,” Marie Casimire de la Grange d'Arquien was a fitting match for the young Sobieski. They were married in 1665. Upon his return from France, Sobieski learned that the Cossacks had killed his father. Later on his brother was beheaded by the Turks on the battlefield. This endowed Sobieski with a healthy hatred for the Turks, and he swore to repay them. He worked his away up through the ranks of the Polish army, and as a general he defeated the Turks in battle twice, as they attempted to take over part of Poland. As a result, he was appointed ‘Hetman’ (Commanding General) of all Poland’s armies, which placed him in a position to later become king of Poland.

In the meantime world events were taking a serious turn. The Ottoman Turks were pushing forward into Europe. They had already overrun Greece, Bulgaria, Rumania, and most of Hungary. Things only got worse as the Turks pushed forward towards Vienna. Their commander, Kara Mustafa, wore a green cord around his neck, which the Sultan had given him to strangle himself if he failed in his attempt to capture Vienna. If Vienna fell, then most of Europe would be open for the picking. At this point, the remaining countries of Europe looked to Poland for support. Time had indeed brought change. Jan Sobieski was now Jan III Sobieski, having been elected king after his resounding defeat of the Ottoman Turks at Chocim and also due to the enormous bribes that the French, under Louis XIV, the Cathlolic Sun King, had paid magnates to elect him. Louis XIV had expansionist plans into Germany (finally attacking in 1688) causing difficulty for Jan to hammer out an alliance with the Austrians and the Germans. Allied with Prince Eugene of Savoy, Jan assembled his own army, the main body being composed of the feared hussars. They were called such because of the strange lyre-shaped metal-and-leather construction, which was riveted to the back of their armor. Above them, arose a beautiful fanlike design of some three dozen eagle feathers. When the hussars charged, the wind would blow through the feathers causing them to “sing.” This would then terrify the enemy horses and throw the opposing army into confusion. The Turks feared the hussars mightily and it was on them that Sobieski placed his hope of victory.

On September 12, 1683, at 4 a.m. in the morning, Sobieski’s army of about 81,000 men attacked a Turkish army that numbered more than 140,000. The Turks fought doggedly but inch by inch, they were forced to give up ground. Finally, when the terrain was right, Sobieski ordered the hussars forward and soon after the Turkish battle line was broken as the Turks scattered in confusion. At 5:30 p.m., Sobieski entered the deserted tent of Kara Mustafa and the siege of Vienna was over.

The pope and other foreign dignitaries then hailed Sobieski as the “Savior of Vienna and Western European civilization.” In a letter to his wife he wrote, “…All the common people kissed my hands, my feet, my clothes; others only touched me, saying: ‘Ach, let us kiss so valiant a hand!’” Ironically, in his greatest moment of glory, the sun began to go down on his reign. His attempts to leave a dynasty behind him, failed. Even Leopold, the Holy Roman Emperor, ignored Sobieski, who had saved his capital, and in an outright insult, refused to review the hussars who had so gallantly destroyed the Turkish battle line. Other rulers who feared his newly acquired status snubbed him, and instead of being recognized for saving them, he and his country became marked for destruction. At the end of his life, as his country was unraveling around him, Sobieski, like Humpty Dumpty, had fallen irrepairably from his exhalted postion. He died in 1696, a disappointed and broken man. (Less than a century later, as Catholic nobles failed to supress Poland's Eastern Orthodox populace, Russia, Prussia, and Austria carved Poland off the map. This greed led to world wide destruction as expanionist Germany rose out of Prussia and Communism rose out of Russia.)

In Sobieski's world of the Roman Catholic counter-reformation, Sabieski was scorned and feared by Transylvanian Saxons and other protestant Lutherians. He had done something that everyone thought impossible, and in this we can see God’s hand working. During the battle, Sobieski found himself in a grim strategic position, and the Tartars were in an excellent position to wreak havoc on his forces. However, Kara Mustafa held them back because he feared something unexpected. As a result, the Tartars deserted his army, furious for not being allowed to attack Sobieski. In addition, Kara Mustafa, against all the advice on the contrary from his generals, split his forces so that while the majority of his army were carrying on the siege, the minority were fighting the coalition of forces led by Sobieski. It was only later on when he saw the error in his strategy that he called on the larger force to attack, but by then Sobieski had the upper hand.

There is something mysterious in Kara Mustafa’s decisions. Why would he be so resolute and stubborn against his generals? Perhaps God hardened the heart of Mustafa's like that if the Pharaoh in Exodus 14. Against overwhelming forces, Sobieski, must have understood like Jehoshaphat (2 Chronicles 20:14), that "the battle belongs to the Lord". The significance of this battle was so enormous that certainly divine intervention caused Sobieski’s improbable victory. Where would the world be today if Vienna had fallen? What if Europe had fallen under Muslim domination? Would John Nelson Darby and the Brethren in England have been raised up? Would missionaries have set out to China? There are countless considerations of what course history might have taken if Europe had fallen under Muslim rule. By looking at the chaos that has enveloped the Muslim world, it is possible to see what Europe might have become. Historians remember Sobieski for his historic victory, but he didn’t just break the siege of Vienna. God used him for a greater purpose, to protect Christendom and thus continue the spread of the gospel throughout the earth. Another miraculous defeat of aggressive Islam came in 1697 when Prince Eugene of Savoy lost only 300 men in the destruction of 30,000 soldiers and Tartar horsemen under the Ottoman Sultan Mustapha. From Sobieski onward, the Ottoman Turks regressed to become the sick man of Europe."⁴

; Leo van de Pas cites: 1. Stammtafeln zur Geschichte der Europäischen Staaten, 4 volumes, Marburg, 1953, 1975., W. K. Prinz von Isenburg, Reference: II 86
2. Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag Marburg., Detlev Schwennicke, Editor, Reference: III/1 166.²

; JAN III, King of Poland (kral Polski), chorazy koronny, marszalek wielki koronny, hetman polny koronny, hetman wielki koronny 1674, *17.8.1629, +17.6.1696; m.(secretly 14.5) 5.7.1665 Maria Casimira de la Grange d'Arquien (*28.6.1641, +30.1.1716.)³ He was chorazy koronny, marszalek wielki koronny, hetman polny koronny, hetman wielki koronny.³ He was King of Poland between 1674 and 1696.^1,2

; "One of the most important battles of the 17th century was the battle of Vienna, which was fought on September 12, 1683. The outcome of this battle would have a profound effect on the future of Eastern, if not of all, Europe. The Battle of Vienna was mainly fought by the Turks, with about 15,000 Tatars on their side, against a less numerous combination of Polish, German, and Austrian forces. The Turkish forces were led by the Grand Vizier Kara Mustafa, an ambitious man, but who wasn't a very good general judging by the number of battles he had lost. The opposing forces were led by Jan Sobieski. On May 21, 1674, Sobieski was elected king as John III by the Diet. This was after the death of King Michael Wisniowiecki the previous year, on November 10. Sobieski was an intelligent, talented, and a brave man. He was also a patriot of Poland and always wanted the best for his country.

Since about March the Turks were preparing for an attack on the Hapsburg capital, Vienna, and were gathering their forces together rather rapidly. By June, they had invaded Austria, and King Leopold and his court fled to Passau. On July 14, the Turks reached Vienna. They laid siege to the great city. One of the disadvantages that the Turks had was that they did not have sufficient heavy artillery. The defenders fought bravely but their food supply and their ammunition were growing low. The Turks had made some breaches in the walls but their effort was hindered by the barricades erected by the people of Vienna.

Earlier that year on March 31, 1683, King John III had signed the Treaty of Warsaw with the Holy Roman Emperor Leopold. In this treaty, it was agreed to come to one's aid if the Turks attacked either Krakow or Vienna. Following his agreement in the treaty and the appeal of the pope, Sobieski marched to Vienna with an army of about 30,000 men. Sobieski said that his purpose for going to Vienna was "to proceed to the Holy War, and with God's help to give back the old freedom to besieged Vienna, and thereby help wavering Christendom."

Upon reaching Vienna, he joined up with the Austrians and Germans. Sobieski planned to attack on the 13th of September, but he had noticed that the Turkish resistance was weak. When he ordered full attack, he completely surprised Kara Mustafa. Sobieski and his husaria, which is Polish heavy cavalry, alongside with the cooperation of all army, played an important role in the victory. Sobieski with his husaria charged toward Kara Mustafa's headquarters and seeing this, Mustafa's army fled in panic. Even so, the Turkish army suffered heavy losses. This victory freed Europe from the Ottoman Turks and their invasions and secured Christianity as the main religion in all of Europe.

After the Battle Jan Sobieski entered Vienna in glory. The King and his Polish army had won lots of fame after their victory. Jan III Sobieski was not only looked upon as the savior of Vienna, but as a savior of the whole Europe from the Ottoman Turks."⁷

     Karl VII Albrecht (?) Elector of Bavaria, Holy Roman Emperor was born on 6 August 1697 at Brussels, Belgium.^1,2,3 He married Maria Amalia Josefa Anna (?) Archduchess of Austria, daughter of Josef I (?) King of Bohemia, Holy Roman Emperor and Wilhelmina Amalia (?) Duchess of Brunswick-Luneburg, on 5 October 1722 at Vienna, Austria.^1,6,2,3,7

Karl VII Albrecht (?) Elector of Bavaria, Holy Roman Emperor died on 20 January 1745 at Munich (München), Stadtkreis München, Bavaria (Bayern), Germany (now), at age 47.^1,2,3
      ; KARL ALBRECHT, Elector of Bavaria (1726-45), *Brussels 6.8.1697, +Munich 20.1.1745, bur Munich; elected Emperor KARL VII (12.2.1742-1745) and King of Bohemia (1741-45) cr 7.12.1741, after the death without male issue of his father-in-law and uncle, the Emperors Josef I and Karl VI. However, Bavaria was ill-equipped to support the imperial splendor, and France proved a lukewarm ally. His cousin Maria Theresa eventually defeated him and secured the imperial crown for her husband, Francis Stephen of Lorraine; m.Vienna 5.10.1722 Archdss Marie Amalie of Austria (*22.10.1701 +11.12.1756.)²

; Leo van de Pas cites: 1. The Royal House of Stuart London, 1969,1971,1976. , A. C. Addington, Reference: page 8
2. Genealogie der Graven van Holland Zaltbommel, 1969. , Dr. A. W. E. Dek, Reference: page 137
3. Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag Marburg., Detlev Schwennicke, Editor, Reference: vol II page 219B.³ He was Elector of Bavaria between 1726 and 1745.^1,2,3 He was King of Bohemia between 1741 and 1745.² He was Holy Roman Emperor as Karl VII between 12 February 1742 and 20 January 1742.^1,2,3

     Maria Amalia Josefa Anna (?) Archduchess of Austria was born on 22 October 1701 at Vienna, Austria.^1,2,3 She married Karl VII Albrecht (?) Elector of Bavaria, Holy Roman Emperor, son of Maximilian II Emanuel (?) Elector of Bavaria, Stattholder in Holland and Theresa Kunigunde Caroline Sobieska, on 5 October 1722 at Vienna, Austria.^1,2,6,7,3

Maria Amalia Josefa Anna (?) Archduchess of Austria died on 11 December 1756 at Munich (München), Stadtkreis München, Bavaria (Bayern), Germany (now), at age 55.^1,2,3
      ; Leo van de Pas cites: 1. The Royal House of Stuart London, 1969,1971,1976. , A. C. Addington, Reference: 8
2. Cahiers de Saint Louis Magazine. , Jacques Dupont, Jacques Saillot, Reference: 1544.³

     Albert (?) Prince of Saxony, Duke of Saxe-Teschen was born on 11 July 1738 at Moritzburg, Germany.^2,7,3,4 He married Maria Christine Johanna Josephe Antonie (?) Archduchess of Austria, daughter of Francis I (Stephen) (?) Holy Roman Emperor, Duke of Lorraine, Grand Duke of Tuscany and Maria Theresa (?) Archduchess of Austria, Queen of Bohemia & Hungary, on 8 April 1766 at Vienna, Austria.^1,2,7,3,4,8

Albert (?) Prince of Saxony, Duke of Saxe-Teschen died on 10 February 1822 at Vienna, Austria, at age 83.^7,2,3,4
      ; Leo van de Pas cites: The Royal House of Stuart London, 1969,1971,1976. , A. C. Addington, Reference: 82.⁴

; Albert, Gov of the Austrian Netherlands (1781-93), Duke of Teschen, *Moritzburg 11.7.1738, +Vienna 10.2.1822; m.Vienna 8.4.1766 Archduchess Marie Christine of Austria (*Vienna 13.5.1742, +Vienna 24.6.1798)
"     Maria Theresia, *Vienna 16.5.1767, +Vienna 17.5.1767.³
He was Duke of Saxe-Teschen.^1,2 He was Gov. of the Austrian Netherlands between 1781 and 1793.³

     Maria Anna Josepha (?) of Austria was born on 7 September 1683 at Linz, Austria.^1,2 She married Joao V (?) King of Portugal, son of Pedro II (?) King of Portugal and Marie Sophie Elisabeth (?) Pfalzgräfin von Pfalz-Neuburg, on 27 October 1708 at Lisbon, Portugal.^1,4,5

Maria Anna Josepha (?) of Austria died on 14 August 1754 at Lisbon, Portugal, at age 70.^1,2
Maria Anna Josepha (?) of Austria was buried after 14 August 1754 at Sao Vicente de Fora, Lisbon, Portugal.²

     Joao V (?) King of Portugal was born on 22 October 1689 at Lisbon, Portugal.^1,2,3 He married Maria Anna Josepha (?) of Austria, daughter of Leopold I (?) Holy Roman Emperor and Eleonora Magdalena Therese (?) Pfalzgräfin von Pfalz-Neuburg, on 27 October 1708 at Lisbon, Portugal.^1,2,3

Joao V (?) King of Portugal died on 31 July 1750 at Lisbon, Portugal, at age 60.^1,2,3
     Joao V (?) King of Portugal was also known as John V (?) King of Portugal.¹ He was King of Portugal between 1706 and 1750.^1,2,3

     Elizabeth Christine (?) Princess of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel was born on 28 August 1691 at Blankenburg, Germany (now).^6,3,4,5 She married Karl VI (?) Holy Roman Emperor, King of Bohemia and Hungary, son of Leopold I (?) Holy Roman Emperor and Eleonora Magdalena Therese (?) Pfalzgräfin von Pfalz-Neuburg, on 23 April 1708 at Hietzing.^6,1,3,4,9

Elizabeth Christine (?) Princess of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel died on 21 December 1750 at Vienna, Austria, at age 59.^6,3,4,5
      ; Leo van de Pas cites: 1. L'Allemagne dynastique , Huberty, Giraud, Magdelaine, Reference: vol III page 91.
2. Genealogie der Graven van Holland Zaltbommel, 1969. , Dr. A. W. E. Dek, Reference: page 137.⁵

; Elisabeth Christine, *Braunschweig 28.8.1691, +Vienna 21.12.1750, bur Kapuzinergruft, Vienna; m.Hietzing 23.4.1708 Emperor Karl VI (*1.10.1685 +20.10.1740.)⁵

     Maria Anna (?) Archdss of Austria was born on 14 September 1718 at Vienna, Austria.^1,2,3 She married Charles Alexander Emanuel (?) Duke of Lorraine, Stattholder of the Austrian Netherlands, son of Leopold Joseph Charles (?) Duc de Lorraine and Princess Elizabeth Charlotte (?) d'Orleans, on 7 January 1744 at Vienna, Austria.^1,2,3

Maria Anna (?) Archdss of Austria died on 16 December 1744 at Brussels, Belgium, at age 26.^1,2,3

     Josef II (?) Holy Roman Emperor was born on 13 March 1741 at Schönbrunn, Austria.^1,2,3 He married Donna Maria Isabella (?) di Bourbon-Parma, daughter of Felipe I (?) Infant of Spain, Duke of Parma, Piacenza and Guastalla and Louise Elizabeth (?) of France, on 6 October 1760 at Vienna, Austria,
; his 1st wife.^1,4,2,3,5 Josef II (?) Holy Roman Emperor married Maria Josefa Antonia Walburga (?) Princes of Bavaria, daughter of Karl VII Albrecht (?) Elector of Bavaria, Holy Roman Emperor and Maria Amalia Josefa Anna (?) Archduchess of Austria, on 23 January 1765 at Schönbrunn, Austria,
; his 2nd wife.^1,2,6,7,3
Josef II (?) Holy Roman Emperor died on 20 February 1790 at Schönbrunn, Austria, at age 48.^1,2,3
      ; Leo van de Pas cites: The Royal House of Stuart London, 1969,1971,1976. , A. C. Addington, Reference: page 59.³

; JOSEPH II Benedikt August Johann Anton Michael Adam, Holy Roman Emperor (18.8.1765-20.2.1790) -elected 27.3.1764, cr 3.4.1764, King of Bohemia (1780-90), King of Hungary (1780-90) as József II, never crowned, Archduke of Austria (1780-90), GrM of Golden Fleece (1765-90), *Schönbrunn 13.3.1741, +Schönbrunn 20.2.1790, bur Kapuzinergruft, Vienna; 1m: Vienna 6.10.1760 Donna Isabella di Borbonne-Parma (*31.12.1741 +27.11.1763, bur Kapuzinergruft, Vienna); 2m: Schönbrunn 23.1.1765 Pss Marie Josepha of Bavaria (*30.3.1739 +28.5.1767)
o     Maria Theresa, *Schönbrunn 20.3.1762, +Schönbrunn 23.1.1770, bur Kapuzinergruft, Vienna
o     Marie Christine, *and +Schönbrunn 22.11.1763, bur Kapuzinergruft, Vienna.²
Josef II (?) Holy Roman Emperor was also known as Joseph II Benedikt August Johann Anton Michael Adam (?) Holy Roman Emperor.² He was Holy Roman Emperor between 18 August 1765 and 20 February 1790.^1,2,3 He was King of Bohemia and Hungary between 1780 and 1790.²

     Donna Maria Isabella (?) di Bourbon-Parma was born on 31 December 1741 at Madrid, Spain.^1,2,4 She married Josef II (?) Holy Roman Emperor, son of Francis I (Stephen) (?) Holy Roman Emperor, Duke of Lorraine, Grand Duke of Tuscany and Maria Theresa (?) Archduchess of Austria, Queen of Bohemia & Hungary, on 6 October 1760 at Vienna, Austria,
; his 1st wife.^1,2,3,6,4
Donna Maria Isabella (?) di Bourbon-Parma died on 27 November 1763 at Vienna, Austria, at age 21.^1,2,4
      ; Leo van de Pas cites: 1. The Royal House of Stuart London, 1969,1971,1976. , A. C. Addington, Reference: page 30.
2. Cahiers de Saint Louis Magazine. , Jacques Dupont, Jacques Saillot, Reference: page 1248.⁴ Donna Maria Isabella (?) di Bourbon-Parma was also known as Isabel Maria Luisa Antoinetta Ferdinanda Giuseppina Saveria Domenica Giovanna (?) Princess of Parma, Infanta of Spain.⁴ Donna Maria Isabella (?) di Bourbon-Parma was also known as Donna ISABELLA Maria Luisa Antonietta Ferdinanda Giuseppina Saveria Domenica Giovanna (?) di Bourbon-Parma.²

     Maria Christine Johanna Josephe Antonie (?) Archduchess of Austria was born on 13 May 1742 at Vienna, Austria.^1,2,3,4,5 She married Albert (?) Prince of Saxony, Duke of Saxe-Teschen, son of Frederick Augustus II (III) (?) Elector of Saxony, King of Poland and Mary Josefa (?) Archduchess of Austria, on 8 April 1766 at Vienna, Austria.^1,2,3,4,6,5

Maria Christine Johanna Josephe Antonie (?) Archduchess of Austria died on 24 June 1798 at Vienna, Austria, at age 56.^1,2,3,4,5
      ; Leo van de Pas cites: The Royal House of Stuart London, 1969,1971,1976. , A. C. Addington, Reference: 159.⁵

     Donna Lucia Migliaccio Duchessa di Floridia was born on 19 July 1770 at Syracuse, Sicily, Italy (now).² She married Ferdinand/Fernando IV (I) (?) King of Naples, King of Two Sicilies, son of Carlos III Sebastiao (?) King of Spain and Marie Amelia (?) Princess of Saxony, on 27 November 1814 at Palermo, Città Metropolitana di Palermo, Sicilia, Italy (now),
; his 2nd wife; married morganatically.^1,2
Donna Lucia Migliaccio Duchessa di Floridia died on 26 April 1826 at Naples, Città Metropolitana di Napoli, Campania, Italy (now), at age 55.^1,2

     Karl Joseph Emanuel Johann Nepomuck Anton Prokop (?) was born on 1 February 1745 at Vienna, Austria.^1,2
Karl Joseph Emanuel Johann Nepomuck Anton Prokop (?) died on 18 January 1761 at Vienna, Austria, at age 15.^1,2

     Maria Amalia Josepha Johanna Antonie (?) Archduchess of Austria was born on 26 February 1746 at Vienna, Austria.^1,2 She married Ferdinando I Maria Filippo Lodovico Sebastiano Francesco Giacomo (?) Duke of Parma, Piacenza and Guastalla, son of Felipe I (?) Infant of Spain, Duke of Parma, Piacenza and Guastalla and Louise Elizabeth (?) of France, on 18 July 1769 at Colorno.^1,3,2

Maria Amalia Josepha Johanna Antonie (?) Archduchess of Austria died on 18 June 1804 at Prague, Okres Praha, Bohemia, Czech Republic (now), at age 58.^1,2