Person Page - 679

     Harald/Hardeknud II Parcus (?) of Jelling, King of Sjaelland married Elgiva (?), daughter of Aethelred I (?) King of Wessex and Wilfrid (?).¹
Harald/Hardeknud II Parcus (?) of Jelling, King of Sjaelland was born circa 880.⁵
Harald/Hardeknud II Parcus (?) of Jelling, King of Sjaelland died in 899.⁴
      ; Per Andersen: "King Hardeknud of Jelling, whose name here is written in modern danish. born around 845. Married to: Princess ... of Northumbria."⁶

; Per Med Lands:
     "HARDEKNUD . Adam of Bremen records that "Hardegon filius Suein" deprived "Sigerich" of the kingdom, but qualifies this by saying that it was uncertain how many kings reigned in Denmark during this period[131]. The passage is undated but immediately precedes the recording of an event in 915. The Chronicon Roskildense records that "[Swen] huius filii Gorm et Hartha Knut" invaded Denmark, killed "rege Danorum Haldano cum filiis eius" and divided the kingdom between them[132]. This passage in the Chronicon Roskildense is confused but appears to refer to the same Hardeknud as Adam of Bremen, but making him the brother instead of father of Gorm."
Med Lands cites:

; This is the same person as ”Harthacnut I of Denmark” at Wikipedia and as ”Hardeknud (Knud 1.)” at Wikipedia (DK).^5,7 He was King of Sjaelland between 885 and 899.⁴

     Harald III Hardraade Sigurdsson King of Norway was born in 1015.^7,8,2,9,3 He married Elizabeth/Jellisif/Elisaveta Yaroslavna (?) of Kiev, daughter of Yaroslav I Vladimirovich "Mudriy/The Wise" (?) Grand Duke of Kiev and Ingegarde (Ingeborg) Olafsdottir (?) Princess of Sweden, between 1043 and 1044.^8,2,9,10,3

Harald III Hardraade Sigurdsson King of Norway died on 25 September 1066 at Battle at Stamford Bridge, Yorkshire, England.^11,8,2,9,3
      ; Per Genealogics:
     "Harald was born in 1015, the son of Sigurd Syr, king of Ringerike, and Asta Gudbrandsdatter. Harald was only fifteen when he fought beside his half-brother at the battle of Stiklestad. He fled from Norway to Gardariket (Russia) then travelled on to Constantinople, known to the Vikings as Miklagard, where he served in the emperor's personal guard.
     "In 1034 he returned to the Nordic countries a wealthy man. He gave some of his wealth to King Magnus, and as a reward he was given part of Norway. In 1047 when Magnus died, Harald became king of both Norway and Denmark. However in 1064, after numerous battles, he had to part with Denmark. In trying to make the Norwegian Church more independent from the archbishop of Bremen, Harald allowed his bishops to be ordained in England and France. From Harald's time both the Orkneys and Hjaltland were ruled from Norway.
     "After the death of the English King Edward 'the Confessor', Harald raided England but he was beaten by Edward's successor King Harold II and died in the Battle of Stamford Bridge on 25 September1066."³

; King Harald III "Haard Raade" of Norway (1047-66), *1015, +k.a.during his invasion in North England 25.9.1066; m.ca 1045 Elizabeth of Kiev (+after 1045.)²

; Harold III (Hardrada) ... was a tough, romantic figure who had fought bravely in the Byzantine Army, campaigned in Sicily, reigned in Norway and perished in an effort to conquer England.¹² Harald III Hardraade Sigurdsson King of Norway was also known as Harald Haardraada.¹³

; See Wikipedia article.¹⁴

Reference: Genealogics Cites: He was King of Norway between 1047 and 1066.^7,8

     Tove (?) of the Obotrites, Queen of Denmark married Harald I "Blåtand/Bluetooth" Gormsson (?) King of Denmark, son of Gorm "den Gamle/the Old" Haraldsson (?) King of Denmark and Thyra "Danebod" (?) of Jutland, Queen of Denmark, circa 970
;
His 2nd wife.^6,7,2,8,5
Tove (?) of the Obotrites, Queen of Denmark died circa 990.^2,5
     ; Per Genealogy.EU (Denmark 1): “A2. Harald "Bluetooth-Blaatand", King of Denmark and Norway (970-991), *ca 910, +before 988/991; 1m: Gunhild N; 2m: Tove (possibly a dau.of Pr Mistiwoj of the Wends)”.⁹
; Per Med Lands:
     "HARALD Gormsen, son of GORM "den Gamle/the Old" King of Denmark & his wife Tyre "Danebod" ([925/35]-Jomsborg 1 Dec [986/87], bur Roskilde Cathedral[154]). Adam of Bremen records that "filium autem regis [=Worm] Haroldum" succeeded as ruler in Denmark[155]. Saxo Grammaticus names Harald as son of Tyre[156]. The Chronicon Roskildense names "Gorm pater Haraldi", specifying that "Haraldus" reigned for 15 years during the life of his father and 50 years after his father died, and was known as "Blatan sive Clac Harald", on the other hand a later passage specifies that Harald succeeded his father Gorm[157]. He succeeded his father before 950 as HARALD I "Blåtand/Bluetooth" King of Denmark. Snorre records that "King Harald Gormson" ruled in Denmark when the sons of King Eirik " Blodøks" sought refuge there in [955][158]. According to Snorre, he invaded Norway in 965 after the death of King Harald II, supported by Jarl Haakon Sigurdson, Harald Gudrodson "Grenske" and other Norwegian exiles[159]. He effectively made himself ruler of Norway, but returned to Denmark after leaving Jarl Haakon in Norway as his regent[160]. Emperor Otto invaded Jutland and defeated King Harald, who took refuge at Limafjord on the island of Marsey where he was converted to Christianity by Bishop Poppo after agreeing a truce with the emperor[161]. Adam of Bremen records that King Harald submitted to Emperor Otto and was baptised "cum uxore Gunhild et filio parvulo"[162]. Adam of Bremen names "Suein Otto, filius magni Haroldi regis Danorum" when recording that he deposed and expelled his father who fled to "civitatem Sclavorum quæ Iumne dicitur" where King Harald died from his wounds. Adam specifies that his body was repatriated to Roskilde for burial in the church of the Holy Trinity which he had built, that King Harald had ruled for 50 years and that he died "in festivitate omnium sanctorum"[163]. His son Svend rebelled against him and forced his father to flee to Jomsburg (now Wolin) where he died from wounds received while counter-attacking his son's forces[164]. Guillaume of Jumièges records that “Aigroldus rex Danorum” was expelled from his kingdom by "filio suo...Sveno" and was received in Normandy by “dux” [Guillaume Comte de Normandie] who granted him “Constantiensem comitatum”[165], although this is evidently anachronistic as Duke Guillaume died in 942. Guillaume of Jumièges records that Louis IV King of the West Franks, after the death of Richard´s father, marched on Rouen, was received by “Rodulphus et Bernardus atque Anslech totius Normannici ducatus tutores”, and captured Richard, who was taken to Laon but was freed by “Osmundus...consilio cum Yvone patre Willelmi de Belismo” and taken to “Silvanectis” where “Bernardus...comes” protected “nepotem suum Richardum”[166], a passage dated to [945] from the context. According to King Olav Trygvason's Saga, King Harald defeated his son but died from wounds received in the battle[167]. Modern-day "Bluetooth" computer technology was named after King Harald, his union of Denmark and Norway being considered by the inventors, for some reason, as analogous with the wire-free linking of computer devices[168].
     "m firstly ([before 960]) GUNHILD, daughter of ---. Adam of Bremen names Gunhild as wife of King Harald when recording that the couple were baptised with their small son[169]. 965.
     "m secondly TOVE, daughter of [MSTIVOJ] & his wife --- (-[990]). Her marriage and parentage are confirmed by a Runic stone at Sönder Vissing, Denmark which records that "Tufa let gera [make] kuml [monument], Mistiuis do´tter,ept [daughter] Mo´thur [mother] sina.Kona [queen] Haralds hins Goda,Gorms sonar"[170]. According to Europäische Stammtafeln[171] she was Tove, daughter of Mstivoj the Wendish prince. The name of Tove´s father, "Mistiuis", on the Runic stone bears some similarity to Mstivoj. However, one difficulty is the apparent chronological discrepancy. The only other reference to Mstivoj is dated to 1000 (see MECKLENBURG) and gives no idea about his age at the time. Nor is there any indication of the date of Tove´s marriage, although it appears unlikely that she married much later than 980 considering the date her husband died. This would place her birth in [960] which, in turn, would mean that Mstivoj would have been over 60 years old when he is mentioned in 1000. This is not impossible, but it seems a little surprising. Another possibility is that she was Tove of Poland, daughter of Mieszko I Prince of Poland. The name "Mieszko" is just as similar to "Mistiuis" as "Mstivoj". This would place her birth after 966, later than suggested above, assuming that she was Mieszko´s daughter by his wife Dobrava of Bohemia. If this hypothesis is correct, Tove could have been the sister of the first wife of King Harald´s son, King Svend, implying a father/son double marriage with two sisters. This would place King Svend´s marriage rather earlier than the date suggested below, but the idea is not impossible.
     "[m [thirdly] ([984/85]) GYRITHA of Sweden, sister of STYRBJÖRN "den Starke/the Strong" King of Sweden, daughter of ---. This marriage is only referred to by Saxo Grammaticus, who says that King Styrbjörn had sought help from King Harald after being deposed as king of Sweden by his cousin and granted Harald his sister in marriage[172].]
     "King Harald I had six children, maybe all by his first wife although this is not certain:
Med Lands cites:

; This is the same person as:
”Tove of the Obotrites” at Wikipedia and as
”Tove af Danmark” at Wikipedia (DK).^10,11

Reference: Genealogics cites: Gorms des Alten, 1978 , Brenner, S. Otto. nr. 3.²

; Per Med Lands:
     "[TOVE (-[990]). Her marriage and parentage are confirmed by a Runic stone at Sönder Vissing, Denmark which records that "Tufa let gera [make] kuml [monument], Mistiuis do´tter,ept [daughter] Mo´thur [mother] sina.Kona [queen] Haralds hins Goda,Gorms sonar"[57]. Europäische Stammtafeln identifies Tove´s father as Mstivoj the Wendish prince[58]. The name of Tove´s father, "Mistiuis", on the Runic stone bears some similarity to Mstivoj. However, one difficulty is the apparent chronological discrepancy. The only other reference to Mstivoj is dated to 1000 and gives no idea about his age at the time. Nor is there any indication of the date of Tove´s marriage, although it appears unlikely that she married much later than 980 considering the date her husband died. This would place her birth in [960] which, in turn, would mean that Mstivoj would have been over 60 years old when he is mentioned in 1000. This is not impossible, but it seems a little surprising. Another possibility is that she was Tove of Poland, daughter of Mieszko I Prince of Poland. The name "Mieszko" is just as similar to "Mistiuis" as "Mstivoj". This would place her birth after 966, later than suggested above, assuming that she was Mieszko´s daughter by his wife Dobrava of Bohemia. If this hypothesis is correct, Tove could have been the sister of the first wife of King Harald´s son, King Svend, implying a father/son double marriage with two sisters. This would place King Svend´s marriage rather earlier than the date suggested below, but the idea is not impossible.
     "m as his second wife, HARALD I "Blåtand/Bluetooth" King of Denmark, son of GORM "den Gamle/the Old" King of Denmark & his wife Tyre "Danebod" (before 935-Jomsborg 1 Dec [986/87], bur Roskilde Cathedral).]"
Med Lands cites: She was Queen consort of Denmark circa 975.¹⁰

     Billung (?) of Obotrites married Jutta (?)¹
Billung (?) of Obotrites was born circa 775.
Billung (?) of Obotrites died in 798.
     GAV-34 EDV-34 GKJ-35.

     Billung I (?) of Obotrites married Hildegarde (?)
Billung I (?) of Obotrites was born circa 755.
     GAV-35 EDV-35 GKJ-36.

     Hildegarde (?) married Billung I (?) of Obotrites, son of Anbert I (?) of Obotrites and Mandana (?).
Hildegarde (?) was born circa 755.
     GAV-35 EDV-35 GKJ-36.

     Anbert I (?) of Obotrites married Mandana (?)
Anbert I (?) of Obotrites was born circa 725.
     GAV-36 EDV-36 GKJ-37.

     Mandana (?) married Anbert I (?) of Obotrites, son of Vislas I (?) King of Obotrites and Petrussa (?) of the Lombards.
Mandana (?) was born circa 725.
     GAV-36 EDV-36 GKJ-37.

     Vislas I (?) King of Obotrites married Petrussa (?) of the Lombards, daughter of Aripert II (?).
Vislas I (?) King of Obotrites was born circa 695.
     GAV-37 EDV-37 GKJ-38.

     Petrussa (?) of the Lombards married Vislas I (?) King of Obotrites.
Petrussa (?) of the Lombards was born circa 695.
     GAV-37 EDV-37 GKJ-38.

     Aripert II (?) was born circa 675.
Aripert II (?) died in 712.
     GAV-38 EDV-38 GKJ-39.

     Reginpert (?) Duke of Turin was born circa 660.
     GAV-39 EDV-39 GKJ-40.

     Godepert (?) of the Lombards was born circa 640.
Godepert (?) of the Lombards died in 662.
     GAV-40 EDV-40 GKJ-41.

     Jutta (?) married Billung (?) of Obotrites, son of Billung I (?) of Obotrites and Hildegarde (?).¹
Jutta (?) was born circa 775.¹
     GAV-34 EDV-34 GKJ-35.

     Mieceslas (?) of Obotrites married Antonia (?)²
Mieceslas (?) of Obotrites was born circa 795.¹
Mieceslas (?) of Obotrites died in 811.¹
     GAV-33 EDV-33 GKJ-34.

     Antonia (?) married Mieceslas (?) of Obotrites, son of Billung (?) of Obotrites and Jutta (?).¹
Antonia (?) was born circa 795.¹
     GAV-33 EDV-33 GKJ-34.

     Rodigastus (?) of Obotrites died in 840.¹
     GAV-32 EDV-32 GKJ-33.

     Mistui I (?) of Obotrites was born circa 855.¹
     GAV-31 EDV-31 GKJ-32.

     Mieceslas I (?) of Obotrites married (?) (?) of Puffow.¹
Mieceslas I (?) of Obotrites was born circa 895.¹
Mieceslas I (?) of Obotrites died in 934.¹
     GAV-30 EDV-30 GKJ-31.

     (?) (?) of Puffow married Mieceslas I (?) of Obotrites, son of Mistui I (?) of Obotrites.¹

     GAV-30 EDV-30 GKJ-30.

     Mistui II (?) Prince of the Obotrites was born circa 919.¹
Mistui II (?) Prince of the Obotrites died in 934.¹
     GAV-29 EDV-29 GKJ-30.

     Gerulf "Vassal" (?) was born circa 800.¹
Gerulf "Vassal" (?) died after 839.¹
     GAV-31 EDV-31 GKJ-33.

     Gerulf (?) Ruler in middle Friesland was born circa 770.¹
Gerulf (?) Ruler in middle Friesland died after 834.¹
     GAV-32 EDV-32 GKJ-34.

     Nordalah (?) Ruler in middle Friesland was born circa 740.¹
Nordalah (?) Ruler in middle Friesland died in 810.¹
     GAV-33 EDV-33 GKJ-35.

     Alfbad (?) married unknown (?) of Austrasia, daughter of Charles Martel "the Hammer" (?) King of the Franks and Suanhilde/Suanachildis (?).²
Alfbad (?) was born circa 710.¹
Alfbad (?) died before 786.¹
     GAV-34 EDV-34 GKJ-36.

     Unknown (?) of Austrasia married Alfbad (?)¹

     GAV-34 EDV-34 GKJ-36.

     Liutgarde (?) of Flanders was born between 935 and 941.^1,10,2 She married Wichmann IV (?) graf von Hamaland, comte de Gand, son of Bruno(n) (?) de Hamaland, circa 950.^1,2

Liutgarde (?) of Flanders died in 962; Genealogy.EU says d. 29 Sep 964; The Henry Project says d. 962 and cites Annales Blandinienses, MGH SS 5, 20-34.^1,7
     GAV-30 EDV-30.

     Wichmann IV (?) graf von Hamaland, comte de Gand was born circa 930.^2,1 He married Liutgarde (?) of Flanders, daughter of Arnulf/Arnoul I "The Great" or "The Old" (?) comte de Flandres et d’Artois and Adèle/Alix (?) de Vermandois, circa 950.^3,1

Wichmann IV (?) graf von Hamaland, comte de Gand died after 14 December 973; Racines et Histoire says d aft 27/9/979.^3,1
     GAV-30 EDV-31.

     Adela (?) von Hamaland und Frisia married Immed III (?) Count of Saxony
;
Her 1st husband.^4,3 Adela (?) von Hamaland und Frisia was born circa 936.¹
     GAV-29 EDV-30 GKJ-31.

     Immed III (?) Count of Saxony married Adela (?) von Hamaland und Frisia, daughter of Wichmann IV (?) graf von Hamaland, comte de Gand and Liutgarde (?) of Flanders,
;
Her 1st husband.^1,2
Immed III (?) Count of Saxony died on 27 January 983.²
     GAV-29 EDV-30.