Person Page - 1635

     Michael Khorobrit "the Bold" (?) Prince of Moscow, Great Prince of Vladimir died between 1248 and 1249 at Protva River; killed in battle.^3,4
     He was Mikhail "Khorobrit", Pr of Moscow (1246-48), Great Pr of Vladimir (1248), +k.a.Protva River 1248.⁴ He was Prince of Moscow between 1246 and 1248.^3,4 He was Grand Prince of Vladimir in 1248.⁴

     Michael VIII Dukas Komnenos Palaiologos Emperor of Byzantine Empire was born between 1224 and 1225.⁴ He married Theodora Dukaina Batatzaina, daughter of Ioannes Doukas Batatzes and Eudokia Angelina, in 1253.^1,7,4,3

Michael VIII Dukas Komnenos Palaiologos Emperor of Byzantine Empire died in 1282.^1,4
     He was Emperor of the Byzantine Empire, MICHAEL VIII (Paleologus), who was first co-emperor with the boy John, whom in 1261 he had imprisoned and blinded. Michael was an able and energetic general, whose great objective was to reestablish the Greek power at Constantinople. He was the ablest of the Paleologi, a man who devoted himself to the restoration of Byzantine authority throughout the Balkan area, persisting despite many setbacks. Michael established a foothold in the southeastern part of the Peloponnese (Morea). Mistra (Misithra) became the capital of a flourishing principality and one of the great centers of late-Byzantine culture.

1274: The Council of Lyons. Michael, to escape from the Angevin danger, accepted the Roman creed and the primacy of the pope, thus effecting the reunion with Rome. This purely political move met with vigorous resistance on the part of the Orthodox Greeks. between 1259 and 1282.¹

     Theodora Dukaina Batatzaina was born in 1240.² She married Michael VIII Dukas Komnenos Palaiologos Emperor of Byzantine Empire, son of Andronikos Dukas Komnenos Palaiologos Governor of Thessalonika and Theodora Palaiologina, in 1253.^1,2,3,4

Theodora Dukaina Batatzaina died in 1303.²
      ; per Pter Stewart email: "For information & sources see Alice-Mary Talbot's 'Empress Theodora Palaiologina, Wife of Michael VIII' in _Homo byzantinus: Papers in Honor of Alexander Kazhdan_, edited by Anthony Cutler & Simon Franklin, _Dumbarton Oaks Papers_ 46 (1992) 295-303."⁵

     Charles (?) Duc d'Angoulême, d'Orleans, de Chatellerault et de Bourbon was born in 1522 at St. Germain-en-Laye, France.^2,3
Charles (?) Duc d'Angoulême, d'Orleans, de Chatellerault et de Bourbon died in 1545 at Abbaye de Forestmontier, Boulogne, Pas-de-Calais, Hauts-de-France, France.^2,3
Charles (?) Duc d'Angoulême, d'Orleans, de Chatellerault et de Bourbon was buried in 1545 at St. Denis, Paris, City of Paris, Île-de-France, France.³
     He was Duc d'Angoulême, d'Orleans, de Chatellerault et de Bourbon.^2,3

; Charles, Duc d'Angoulême, d'Orleans, de Chatellerault et de Bourbon, *St.Germain-en-Laye 1522, +Abbaye de Forestmontier 1545, bur St.Denis.³

     Marguerite (?) of France, Dss de Berry was born on 5 June 1523 at St. Germain-en-Laye, France.^2,4,3 She married Emanuele Filiberto "Testa di Ferro" (?) Conte d'Asti, Duca di Savoia, Principe del Piemonte, Conte d'Aosta, Moriana e Nizza, son of Carlo III "il Buono" (?) Duca di Savoia, Principe del Piemonte, Conte di Aosta, Moriana e Aosta, titular King of Cyprus and Jerusalem and Maria Brites/Beatrice (?) of Portugal, Cts d'Asti, on 10 July 1559 at Paris, City of Paris, Île-de-France, France.^1,2,3,4

Marguerite (?) of France, Dss de Berry died on 15 September 1574 at Turin (Torino), Città Metropolitana di Torino, Piemonte, Italy (now), at age 51.^2,3,4
Marguerite (?) of France, Dss de Berry was buried after 15 September 1574 at Turin (Torino), Città Metropolitana di Torino, Piemonte, Italy (now).^3,4

     Emanuele Filiberto "Testa di Ferro" (?) Conte d'Asti, Duca di Savoia, Principe del Piemonte, Conte d'Aosta, Moriana e Nizza was born on 8 July 1528 at Chambèry, Savoy, France.^2,3 He married Marguerite (?) of France, Dss de Berry, daughter of François I (?) of Angoulême, King of France and Claudia/Claude (?) Dss de Bretagne et de Berry, on 10 July 1559 at Paris, City of Paris, Île-de-France, France.^1,2,6,3

Emanuele Filiberto "Testa di Ferro" (?) Conte d'Asti, Duca di Savoia, Principe del Piemonte, Conte d'Aosta, Moriana e Nizza died on 30 August 1580 at Turin (Torino), Città Metropolitana di Torino, Piemonte, Italy (now), at age 52.^2,3
      ; SAVOY was an independent state whose rulers also governed Piedmont. Lying astride the Alps and commanding the passes from France into Italy, the state was one of considerable importance, but the feudal organization resulted in such weakness that the dukes were long unable to pursue an independent policy. In the early 16th century Savoy was decidedly under French influence, and when in 1536 the duke departed from the traditional policy, his dominions were overrun and for the larger part occupied by the French.⁷

; Emanuele Filiberto "Testa di Ferro" Conte d'Asti 1538; Duca di Savoia, Principe del Piemonte, Conte d'Aosta, Moriana e Nizza, titular King of Cyprus and Jerusalem (1553-80), *Chambery 8.7.1528, +Torino 30.8.1580; m.Paris 10.7.1559 Marguerite of France, Dss de Berry (*5.6.1523 +15.9.1574.)³ He was titular King of Cyprus and Jerusalem between 1553 and 1580.³ He was Duke of Savoy - Emmanuel Philibert (1553-80) was the first really outstanding ruler. By following the Spanish lead he secured his dominions again in 1559, and in the course of his reign acquired Asti and other territories by negotiation. He made much progress in breaking the power of the nobility and in organizing a central government and an effective army. between 1553 and 1580.⁷

     Charles IX (?) King of France was born on 27 June 1550 at St. Germain-en-Laye, France.^2,3 He married Elizabeth (?) of Austria, daughter of Maximilian II (?) Holy Roman Emperor and Maria (?) Infanta of Spain, on 26 December 1570 at Mezieres-en-Champagne, France.^4,2,5,3,6

Charles IX (?) King of France died on 30 May 1574 at Vincennes, Departement du Val-de-Marne, Île-de-France, France, at age 23; Charles IX died on May 30, 1574. His brother, who fled from Poland, became king.^4,2,3
Charles IX (?) King of France was buried after 30 May 1574 at St. Denis, Paris, City of Paris, Île-de-France, France.³
      ; King CHARLES IX of France (1560-74), *St.Germain-en-Laye 27.6.1550, +Vincennes 30.5.1574, bur St.Denis; m.1570 Elisabeth of Austria (*5.7.1554 +22.1.1592.)³ He was King of France - CHARLES IX (ten years old), the brother of Francis. He was wholly under the influence of his mother. Weak monarchy and civil war characterized the latter part of the century. between 1560 and 1574.^1,2,3

; MASSACRE OF ST. BARTHOLOMEW. Murder of Coligny and general massacre of Protestants in Paris and in the provinces, on the occasion of the marriage of Henry of Bourbon, king of Navarre, and the sister of Charles IX, Margaret of Valois. Henry of Navarre saved his life by a pretended conversion to Catholicism. The massacre led to.

     Elizabeth (?) of Austria was born on 5 July 1554 at Vienna, Austria.^2,3,4 She married Charles IX (?) King of France, son of Henri II de Valois King of France and Caterina de Medici Comtesse d'Auvergne, Queen of France, on 26 December 1570 at Mezieres-en-Champagne, France.^1,2,3,6,4

Elizabeth (?) of Austria died on 22 January 1592 at Vienna, Austria, at age 37; buried there.^2,3,4

     Henry III (?) King of France, King of Poland was born on 19 September 1551 at Fontainebleau, France.² He married Louise de Mercoeur de Lorraine, Dss de Bourbon, daughter of Nicolas (?) Duc de Lorraine-Mercoeur and Marguerite d'Egmont, on 16 February 1575 at Reims, Departement de la Marne, Champagne-Ardenne, France.^1,3,2,4

Henry III (?) King of France, King of Poland died on 31 July 1589 at St. Cloud, France, at age 37; Henry III fled to Henry of Navarre in the Huguenot camp, where he was murdered at St. Cloud, a suburb of Paris, by the monk Jacques Clément (July 31.)^5,3,2
      ; King HENRI III of France (1574-89), King of Poland (1573-18.6.1574), *Fontainebleau 19.9.1551, +murdered at St.Cloud 1/2.8.1589, bur St.Denis; he was the last legitimate male descendant of King Philippe III (+1285) and was succeeded after much negotiation and warfare by his extremely distant cousin, Henri IV; [may have 1m:, in Poland, a Pss Giedroyc]; m.Rheims 16.2.1575 Louise de Lorraine, Dss de Bourbon (*30.4.1553 +29.1.1601.)² He was King of Poland: HENRY OF VALOIS was elected king on condition of signing the Pacta Conventa, formally recognizing the right of the nobility to elect kings and strictly limiting the royal power. The diet was to meet at least once every two years. Henry paid richly for his election and for the alliance of Poland with France, but, on the death of his brother, Charles IX, he slipped away and returned to France. There followed a period of confusion, during which the Habsburgs made great efforts to secure the crown. between 1573 and 18 June 1574 at Poland.^6,3,2 He was King of France between 1574 and 1589.^1,3,2

     Louise de Mercoeur de Lorraine, Dss de Bourbon was born on 30 April 1553 at Nomeny, France (now).^3,4 She married Henry III (?) King of France, King of Poland, son of Henri II de Valois King of France and Caterina de Medici Comtesse d'Auvergne, Queen of France, on 16 February 1575 at Reims, Departement de la Marne, Champagne-Ardenne, France.^1,2,3,4

Louise de Mercoeur de Lorraine, Dss de Bourbon died on 29 January 1601 at Château de Moulins, France (now), at age 47.^2,3,4
      ; Louise, Dss de Bourbon, *Nomeny 30.4.1553 +Château de Moulins 29.1.1601, bur Capucins, Paris; m.Reims 15.2.1575 King Henri III of France (*19.9.1551 +2.8.1589.)⁴

     Francois (?) Duc d'Anjou, d'Alencon, de Touraine, de Berry et de Lorraine was born in 1555.^2,3
Francois (?) Duc d'Anjou, d'Alencon, de Touraine, de Berry et de Lorraine died in 1584.^2,3
Francois (?) Duc d'Anjou, d'Alencon, de Touraine, de Berry et de Lorraine was buried in 1584 at St. Denis, Paris, City of Paris, Île-de-France, France.³
      ; François, Duc d'Anjou, d'Alencon, de Touraine, de Berry et de Lorraine; he interposed himself in the struggle between Spain and the United Provinces, and was recognized for a while as Count of Flanders; *1555, +Chateau-Thierry 1584, bur St.Denis.³ He was Duc d'Anjou, d'Alencon, de Touraine, de Berry et de Lorraine; recognized for a while as Count of Flanders.^2,3

     Marguerite (?) of France, Dss de Valois was born on 14 May 1553 at St. Germain-en-Laye, France.^2,3 She married Henri IV (?) King of France, King of Navarre, son of Antoine de Bourbon Duc de Vendome, King of Navarre and Juana/Jeanne/Joan III d'Albret Queen of Navarre, Princess de Béarn, Duchess d'Albret, Cts de Foix, on 18 August 1572
; his 1st wife.^1,2,3,4,5 Marguerite (?) of France, Dss de Valois and Henri IV (?) King of France, King of Navarre were divorced in 1599.^2,3,4
Marguerite (?) of France, Dss de Valois died on 27 March 1615 at age 61.^2,3
      ; Marguerite, Dss de Valois, *St.Germain-en-Laye 14.5.1553, +Paris 27.3.1615, bur St.Denis; m.Paris 18.8.1572 (div 1599) King Henri IV of France (*13.12.1553 +14.5.1610.)³

     Margaretha (?) of Hapsburg, Archduchess of Austria, Regent of the Netherlands was born on 10 January 1480 at Brussels, Belgium.^5,2,3,8 She married Juan (?) Infant of Aragon, Prince of the Asturias, son of Fernando II "the Catholic" (?) King of Aragon, Sicily and Naples and Isabella I "la Catolica" (?) Queen of Castile and Leon, on 3 April 1497 at Burgos, Provincia de Burgos, Castilla y León, Spain (now),
; her 1st husband.^1,5,2,3,4,8 Margaretha (?) of Hapsburg, Archduchess of Austria, Regent of the Netherlands married Filiberto II "il Bello" (?) Duca di Savoia, Principe del Piemonte, Conte di Aosta, Moriana e Nizza, titular King of Cyprus and Jerusalem, son of Filippo II "Senza Terra" (?) Duca di Savoia, Conte di Aosta, Moriana, Nizza, Principe del Piemonte, titular King of Cyprus and Jerusalem and Marguerite de Bourbon, on 2 December 1501 at Romainmotier
; her 2nd husband; his 2nd wife.^1,5,2,3,9,4
Margaretha (?) of Hapsburg, Archduchess of Austria, Regent of the Netherlands died on 1 December 1530 at Mechelen (Malines?) at age 50.^5,2,3,8
      ; Leo van de Pas cites: Genealogie der Graven van Holland Zaltbommel, 1969. , Dr. A. W. E. Dek.⁴

; Before she died she wrote to her nephew, Emperor Charles V: 'I have made you my universal and sole heir, recommending you to fulfil the charges in my will.

'I leave you your countries over here which, during your absence, I have not only kept as you left them to me at your departure, but have greatly increased them, and restore to you the government of the same, of which I believe to have loyally acquitted myself, in such a way as I hope for divine reward, satisfaction from you, monseigneur, and the goodwill of your subjects; particulartly recommending to you peace, especially with the Kings of France and England.

'And to end, monseigneur, I beg of you for the love you have been pleased to bear this poor body, that you will remember the salvation of the soul, and the recommendation of my poor vassals and servants.

'Bidding you the last adieu, to whom I pray, monseigneur, and give you prosperity and a long life. From Malines, the last day of November 1530.

Your very humble aunt, Margaret.⁴'

     Filiberto II "il Bello" (?) Duca di Savoia, Principe del Piemonte, Conte di Aosta, Moriana e Nizza, titular King of Cyprus and Jerusalem was born on 10 April 1480 at Pont d'Ain.^3,4,6 He married Violante Ludovica (?) di Savoia, daughter of Carlo I "il Guerriero" (?) Duca di Savoia, Conte di Aosta, Moriana e Nizza, Principe del Piemonte, Marchese di Saluzzo and Bianca del Monferrato, in 1496
; his 1st wife.⁴ Filiberto II "il Bello" (?) Duca di Savoia, Principe del Piemonte, Conte di Aosta, Moriana e Nizza, titular King of Cyprus and Jerusalem married Margaretha (?) of Hapsburg, Archduchess of Austria, Regent of the Netherlands, daughter of Maximilian I (?) Holy Roman Emperor, King of Germany, Archduke of Austria and Marie "the Rich" (?) de Bourgogne, on 2 December 1501 at Romainmotier
; her 2nd husband; his 2nd wife.^1,2,3,6,4,7
Filiberto II "il Bello" (?) Duca di Savoia, Principe del Piemonte, Conte di Aosta, Moriana e Nizza, titular King of Cyprus and Jerusalem died on 10 September 1504 at Pont d'Ain at age 24.^2,4,6
Filiberto II "il Bello" (?) Duca di Savoia, Principe del Piemonte, Conte di Aosta, Moriana e Nizza, titular King of Cyprus and Jerusalem was buried after 10 September 1504 at Abbaye de Hautcombe, Saint-Pierre-de-Curtille, Departement de la Savoie, Rhône-Alpes, France; From Find A Grave:
     BIRTH     24 Jul 1487
     DEATH     13 Sep 1499 (aged 12)
     Royalty, only daughter of Carlo I Duke of Savoy and King of Cyprus and Maria of Montferrat. She married Filiberto II in 1496. She died after three years marriage.
     Family Members
     Parents
          Carlo I of Savoy 1468–1490
          Bianca of Monferrat 1472–1519
     Spouse
          Philibert II of Savoy 1480–1504
     BURIAL     Abbaye de Hautecombe, Saint-Pierre-de-Curtille, Departement de la Savoie, Rhône-Alpes, France
     Created by: Lutetia
     Added: 8 May 2012
     Find A Grave Memorial 89772461.⁸
      ; Filiberto II "il Bello", Duca di Savoia, Principe del Piemonte, Conte di Aosta, Moriana e Nizza, titular King of Cyprus and Jerusalem (1497-1504), *Pont d'Ain 10.4.1480, +there 10.9.1504; 1m: 1496 Violante Ludovica di Savoia (*11.7.1487 +12.9.1499); 2m: Romainmôtier 2.12.1501 Archduchess Margareta von Habsburg (*10.1.1480 +1.12.1530.)⁴

     Juan (?) Infant of Aragon, Prince of the Asturias was born on 28 June 1478 at Sevills, Provincia de Sevilla, Andalucia, Spain (now).^2,4,5 He married Margaretha (?) of Hapsburg, Archduchess of Austria, Regent of the Netherlands, daughter of Maximilian I (?) Holy Roman Emperor, King of Germany, Archduke of Austria and Marie "the Rich" (?) de Bourgogne, on 3 April 1497 at Burgos, Provincia de Burgos, Castilla y León, Spain (now),
; her 1st husband.^1,2,3,8,9,5
Juan (?) Infant of Aragon, Prince of the Asturias died on 4 October 1497 at Salamanca, Provincia de León, Castilla y León, Spain (now), at age 19.^2,4,5
      ; Juan, Pr of the Asturias, *Seville 1478, +Salamanca 1497; m.Burgos 1497 Archduchess Margareta of Austria (*Brussels 1480, +Malines 1530.)⁵

     Eleanor (?) Archduchess of Austria was born on 15 November 1498 at Brussels, Belgium; Leo van de Pas says b. 24 Nov 1498.^7,2,4,3 She married Manoel I (?) King of Portugal and Algarves, sn de Guinee, son of Fernao (?) Inft of Portugal, Duque de Beja, de Salvaterra e de Viseu and Brites/Beatrice (?) of Portugal, on 24 November 1519 at Lisbon, Portugal,
; his 3rd wife; Genealogy.EU (Capet 53 page) says m. 25/11/1518.^1,7,2,4,8,3 Eleanor (?) Archduchess of Austria married François I (?) of Angoulême, King of France, son of Charles (?) d'Orleans, Comte d'Angouleme et de Perigord and Louise (?) of Savoy, on 5 August 1530 at Abbaye de Veien, Capsioux, France,
; her 2nd husband, his 2nd wife.^{1,7,9,2,10,4,3}
Eleanor (?) Archduchess of Austria died on 18 February 1558 at Talavera (near Badajoz) at age 59.^7,2,4,3
Eleanor (?) Archduchess of Austria was buried after 18 February 1558 .⁴
      ; Eleonore, *Brussels 15.11.1498, +Talavera, nr Badajoz 18.2.1558, bur Escorial; 1m: Lisbon 1519 *[19500] King Manoel I of Portugal (*1469 +1521); 2m: Abbaye de Veien 1530 *[13143] King François I of France (*1494 +1547.)⁴

; On 24 November 1518, aged just twenty, she became the third wife of King Manuel of Portugal whose two previous wives were sisters and aunts of Eleonore. From this marriage were born a son who died in infancy and a daughter who remained unmarried. After three years of marriage Eleonore became a widow.

In 1530, for political reasons, she married Francois I, King of France. She was then in her early thirties and not unattractive; however, being quiet and self-effacing, hardly left her mark among the Queens of France. There were no children of this marriage and one wonders if Francois I had already contracted the syphilis which was to be the probable cause of his death.³

; Leo van de Pas cites: 1. Genealogie der Graven van Holland Zaltbommel, 1969. , Dr. A. W. E. Dek, Reference: page 121.
2. Stammtafeln zur Geschichte der Europäischen Staaten, 4 volumes, Marburg, 1953, 1975., W. K. Prinz von Isenburg, Reference: vol I, II.³

     Johann (?) was born in 1538 at Prague, Okres Praha, Bohemia, Czech Republic (now).¹
Johann (?) died in 1539 at Innsbruck, Austria.¹

     Maria (?) Archduchess of Austria was born on 15 September 1505 at Brussels, Flanders, Belgium (now); Leo van de Pas says b. 17 Sep 1505.^2,5,4 She married Ludwik/Louis II (?) King of Bohemia and Hungary, son of Wladislaw II Jagiello (?) King of Bohemia and Hungary and Anne de Foix, on 13 January 1522 at Prague, Okres Praha, Bohemia, Czech Republic (now).^1,2,3,4,5,8

Maria (?) Archduchess of Austria died on 18 October 1558 at Cigales (near Valladolid), Spain, at age 53; Louda & Maclagan (Table 74) says d. Dec 1558.^2,5,4
      ; Leo van de Pas cites: 1. Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag Marburg., Detlev Schwennicke, Editor, Reference: 1.1.43
2. Genealogie der Graven van Holland Zaltbommel, 1969. , Dr. A. W. E. Dek.⁴

     Ludwik/Louis II (?) King of Bohemia and Hungary was born on 1 July 1506 at Prague, Okres Praha, Bohemia, Czech Republic (now); Leo van de Pas says b. in Buda, Hungary.^4,2,7,5 He married Maria (?) Archduchess of Austria, daughter of Philip I "the Fair" (?) Archduke of Austria, Duke of Burgundy, King of Castile and Juana/Joanna "the Mad' (?) Infanta of Aragon, Queen of Spain, on 13 January 1522 at Prague, Okres Praha, Bohemia, Czech Republic (now).^1,4,2,8,9,3

Ludwik/Louis II (?) King of Bohemia and Hungary died on 29 August 1526 at battle of Mohacs, Mohacs, Hungary, at age 20.^4,2,7,5
Ludwik/Louis II (?) King of Bohemia and Hungary was buried after 29 August 1526 at Székesfehérvár, Székesfehérvári járás, Fejér, Hungary.³
      ; His premature birth, not surprising in the circumstances, killed his mother. The minute child was kept warm and alive by being plunged into the opened bodies of freshly killed animals. He was born on 1 July 1506, the same year that his marriage contract with Archduchess Maria of Austria was signed. The costs for this marriage and that of Lajos's sister, Anna, with Maria's brother, Ferdinand were paid for by the Fugger Bank. Maria and Ferdinand's grandfather, Emperor Maximilian I, already owed them a fortune, but Fugger still needed the Emperor. However, the marriage of Lajos II and Maria did not take place until they married in Buda on 13 January 1522.

In 1526 when the Turks threatened Hungary, the first great Turkish break-through was at the battle of Mohacs in the Hungarian plain. Suleiman's hordes, advancing up the Danube towards Buda, found themselves faced by King Lajos II, King of Hungary and Bohemia, the head of an army of twenty-five thousand. There were nearly half a million in the Sultan's forces, moving with ease over the dry, flat plain under a broiling August sun. Hardly a Hungarian survived that terrible day. Most lay dead on the battlefield. Two thousand, taken prisoner, were slaughtered on the following day. Lajos II himself was killed. It was the end of Hungary as an independent kingdom. His sister, Anna, was his heir and, as a result, Hungary with Austria formed the Austro-Hungarian empire until this was broken up, in 1918, after the First World War.⁵

; Leo van de Pas cites: Genealogie der Graven van Holland Zaltbommel, 1969. , Dr. A. W. E. Dek, Reference: 122.⁵

; Ludwik II, King of Bohemia (1516-26) as Ludvík, King of Hungary (1516-26) as Lajos II -cr 4.6.1508, King of Croatia (1516-26), *Prague 1.7.1506, +k.a.Mohács 29.8.1526, bur Székesfehérvár; m.Prague 13.1.1522 Marie of Flanders (*15.9.1505 +XII.1558.)³ Ludwik/Louis II (?) King of Bohemia and Hungary was also known as Lajos II (?) King of Hungary and Bohemia.⁵ He was King of Croatia (1516-26) between 1516 and 1526.³ He was King of Hungary (1516-26) as Lajos II -cr 4.6.1508 between 1516 and 1526.³ He was King of Bohemia between 1516 and 1526.^7,5,3

     Catarina/Katharina/Catherine (?) Archducess of Austria was born on 14 January 1507 at Torquemada, Spain.^2,3,4 She married Joao III (?) King of Portugal and Algarves, son of Manoel I (?) King of Portugal and Algarves, sn de Guinee and Maria (?) of the Asturias, Infanta of Spain, on 5 February 1525 at Salamanca, Provincia de León, Castilla y León, Spain (now).^1,2,7,8,3,4

Catarina/Katharina/Catherine (?) Archducess of Austria died on 12 January 1578 at Lisbon, Portugal, at age 70.^2,3,4
Catarina/Katharina/Catherine (?) Archducess of Austria was buried after 12 January 1578 at Belem, Portugal.³
      ; Leo van de Pas cites: Genealogie der Graven van Holland Zaltbommel, 1969. , Dr. A. W. E. Dek, Reference: 122.⁴

; On 5 February 1525 at Salamanca aged eighteen, she married her sister's stepson, Joao III, King of Portugal, and they became the parents of nine children of which only one son survived. This son died aged sixteen, leaving a pregnant wife. The baby's mother returned to Spain after the birth, leaving the baby with his grandparents, King Joao III and Queen Catharina.

On 11 June 1557, only three years after the death of their last child, Catharina's husband died without leaving instructions about a regency. A hastily convened council of nobles declared that it had been his wish that Queen Catharina should undertake the office and she was duly appointed. She was almost as bigoted as her husband had been and was so aggressively Spanish that her rule became unpopular with all classes.

It was widely believed that she was intriguing to secure the eventual succession of her nephew, Philip II of Spain. The Regent had a rival in the person of her brother-in-law Cardinal Enrique, who felt the regency should have been his. Catharina was not a bad ruler but apparently grew weary of it. She first voiced her intention to resign in favour of Cardinal Enrique in December 1560, but the plan was not put into effect and approved by the Cortes until two years later, when Enrique took over on the proviso that Sebastian, who was to remain in his grandmother's care, should come of age at fourteen.⁴

     Joao III (?) King of Portugal and Algarves was born on 6 June 1502 at Lisbon, Portugal.^4,2,3 He married Catarina/Katharina/Catherine (?) Archducess of Austria, daughter of Philip I "the Fair" (?) Archduke of Austria, Duke of Burgundy, King of Castile and Juana/Joanna "the Mad' (?) Infanta of Aragon, Queen of Spain, on 5 February 1525 at Salamanca, Provincia de León, Castilla y León, Spain (now).^1,5,2,3,6,7

Joao III (?) King of Portugal and Algarves died on 2 June 1557 at Lisbon, Portugal, at age 54.^4,2,3
Joao III (?) King of Portugal and Algarves was buried after 2 June 1557 at Belem, Portugal.³
     He was sn de Guinee.³

; King JOAO III of Portugal and Algarves (19.12.1521-1557), sn de Guinee, *Lisbon 6.6.1502, +Lisbon 2.6.1557, bur Belem; m.Salamanca II.1525 Catarina of Spain (*14.1.1507 +12.2.1578.)³ Joao III (?) King of Portugal and Algarves was also known as John III (?) King of Portugal.⁵ He was King of Portugal between 1521 and 1557.^2,3

     Isabella (?) Archduchess of Austria was born on 18 July 1501 at Brussels, Belgium (now).^2,3,4,8,5 She married Christian II (?) King of Denmark and Sweden, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein, son of Johan I (?) King of Denmark, Norway, Sweden and Christina (?) Duchess of Saxony, on 12 August 1515 at Copenhagen, Denmark.^{1,2,3,4,8,5,9}

Isabella (?) Archduchess of Austria died on 19 January 1526 at Zwijnaarde near Ghent at age 24; Louda & Maclagan Table 75 says d. 1526, Table 19 says d. 1525.^2,3,4,8,5
      ; Leo van de Pas cites: 1. Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag Marburg., Detlev Schwennicke, Editor, Reference: 1.1.43
2. Genealogie der Graven van Holland Zaltbommel, 1969. , Dr. A. W. E. Dek.⁵

     Christian II (?) King of Denmark and Sweden, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein was born on 1 July 1481.^5,3,6 He married Isabella (?) Archduchess of Austria, daughter of Philip I "the Fair" (?) Archduke of Austria, Duke of Burgundy, King of Castile and Juana/Joanna "the Mad' (?) Infanta of Aragon, Queen of Spain, on 12 August 1515 at Copenhagen, Denmark.^{1,2,5,6,3,7,4}

Christian II (?) King of Denmark and Sweden, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein died on 25 January 1559 at Castle Kalundborg, Denmark, at age 77.^5,3,6,4
      ; King CHRISTIAN II of Denmark (1513-23) and Sweden (1520-21), Duke of Schleswig-Holstein (1513-23), *1.7.1481, +Kalundborg 25.1.1559; m.1515 Infanta Isabella of Spain (*18.7.1501 +19.1.1526.)³

; Leo van de Pas cites: 1. Genealogie der Graven van Holland Zaltbommel, 1969. , Dr. A. W. E. Dek, Reference: page 122.
2. Stammtafeln zur Geschichte der Europäischen Staaten, 4 volumes, Marburg, 1953, 1975., W. K. Prinz von Isenburg, Reference: vol II page 72.⁴ He was Duke of Schleswig-Holstein between 1513 and 1523.³ He was King of Denmark between 1513 and 1523.^2,3 He was King of Sweden between 1520 and 1521.³

     Isabella (?) of Portugal was born on 24 October 1503 at Lisbon, Portugal.^2,3,4 She married Charles/Karl V/I (?) King of Spain, Holy Roman Emperor, son of Philip I "the Fair" (?) Archduke of Austria, Duke of Burgundy, King of Castile and Juana/Joanna "the Mad' (?) Infanta of Aragon, Queen of Spain, on 11 March 1526 at Sevills, Provincia de Sevilla, Andalucia, Spain.^{1,2,6,3,4,7,8}

Isabella (?) of Portugal died on 1 May 1539 at Toledo, Provincia de Toledo, Castilla-La Mancha, Spain, at age 35.^2,3,4
Isabella (?) of Portugal was buried after 1 May 1539 at Escorial, Spain.⁴

     Maria (?) Infanta of Spain was born on 21 June 1528.^2,4,5 She married Maximilian II (?) Holy Roman Emperor, son of Ferdinand I (?) Emperor of Austria, Holy Roman Emperor and Anna (?) of Bohemia and Hungary, on 13 September 1548 at Valladolid, Spain.^1,2,3,4,5

Maria (?) Infanta of Spain died on 26 February 1603 at age 74.^2,4,5

     Anna (?) of Bohemia and Hungary was born on 23 July 1503 at Prague, Okres Praha, Bohemia, Czech Republic (now).^2,7,4 She married Ferdinand I (?) Emperor of Austria, Holy Roman Emperor, son of Philip I "the Fair" (?) Archduke of Austria, Duke of Burgundy, King of Castile and Juana/Joanna "the Mad' (?) Infanta of Aragon, Queen of Spain, on 25 May 1521 at Linz, Austria.^1,2,7,4

Anna (?) of Bohemia and Hungary died on 27 January 1547 at Prague, Okres Praha, Bohemia, Czech Republic (now), at age 43.^2,7,4
     She was Heiress of Bohemia and Hungary.²

     Guglielmo I Gonzaga Duca di Mantova, Marchese del Monferrato, 1st Duca del Monferrato was born on 24 April 1538 at Mantua, Italy (now).^3,1 He married Eleanora (?) von Hapsburg, daughter of Ferdinand I (?) Emperor of Austria, Holy Roman Emperor and Anna (?) of Bohemia and Hungary, on 26 April 1561 at Mantua, Italy (now).^3,1,4

Guglielmo I Gonzaga Duca di Mantova, Marchese del Monferrato, 1st Duca del Monferrato died on 14 August 1587 at Goito/Bozzolo, Italy (now), at age 49.^3,1
      ; Guglielmo I, Duca di Mantova (1550-87), Marchese del Monferrato (1550-74), 1st Duca del Monferrato (1574-87), *Mantova 24.4.1538, +Goito/Bozzolo 14.8.1587; m.Mantova 26.4.1561 Eleonora von Habsburg (*2.11.1534 +5.8.1594.)¹ Guglielmo I Gonzaga Duca di Mantova, Marchese del Monferrato, 1st Duca del Monferrato was also known as William Gonzaga Duke of Mantua.³ He was Marchese del Monferrato between 1550 and 1574.¹ He was Duca di Mantova (Duke of Mantua) between 1550 and 1587.^3,1 He was 1st Duca del Monferrato between 1574 and 1587.¹

     Maximilian II (?) Holy Roman Emperor was born on 31 July 1527 at Vienna, Austria.^2,5,3,6,4 He married Maria (?) Infanta of Spain, daughter of Charles/Karl V/I (?) King of Spain, Holy Roman Emperor and Isabella (?) of Portugal, on 13 September 1548 at Valladolid, Spain.^7,2,3,6,4

Maximilian II (?) Holy Roman Emperor died on 12 October 1576 at Regensburg, Stadtkreis Regensburg, Bavaria (Bayern), Germany, at age 49.^1,2,5,3,6,4
      ; MAXIMILIAN II, Viceroy of Spain (1548-50), Holy Roman Emperor (1564-76), King of Bohemia (1564-76) as Maxmilián -cr 1562, King of Hungary (1564-76) as Miksa -cr 8.9.1563, *Vienna 31.7.1527, +Regensburg 12.10.1576, bur Prague; m.Valladolid 13.9.1548 Infanta Maria of Spain (*21.6.1528 +26.2.1603.)⁴ He was Viceroy of Spain between 1548 and 1550.⁴ He was King of Bohemia and Hungary between 1564 and 1576.^3,4 He was Holy Roman Emperor, MAXIMILIAN II, son of Ferdinand, was of a mild disposition and favorably inclined to the Protestants, whom he left undisturbed in the free exercise of their religion. War with John Zápolya, prince of Transylvania, and the Ottoman Turks. Sultan Suleyman I died in camp before Szigeth, which was defended by the heroic Nicholas Zrinyi. By the truce with Selim II (1566, [>] each party retained its possessions. between 1564 and 1576.^1,5,3,6

     Ferdinand (?) Archduke of Tyrol, Stattholder in Bohemia was born on 14 June 1529 at Linz, Austria.^2,4 He married Philipine Welser Baroness of Zinnenburg in 1557
; his 1st wife.^3,4 Ferdinand (?) Archduke of Tyrol, Stattholder in Bohemia married Anne Catherine Gonzaga, daughter of Guglielmo I Gonzaga Duca di Mantova, Marchese del Monferrato, 1st Duca del Monferrato and Eleanora (?) von Hapsburg, on 14 May 1582 at Innsbruck, Austria,
; his 2nd wife.^3,5,4
Ferdinand (?) Archduke of Tyrol, Stattholder in Bohemia died on 24 January 1595 at Innsbruck, Austria, at age 65.^2,4
      ; Ferdinand, Archduke of Tyrol (1567-76), Stattholder in Bohemia (1547-67), *Linz 14.6.1529, +Innsbruck 24.1.1595; 1m: 1576 (secretly Bresnice 1557) Philippine Welser, Frn von Zinneburg 1627, Fst zu Ambras und Hohenberg 1578 (*1527, +Schloss Ambras 13.4.1580); 2m: Innsbruck 14.5.1582 Anna Caterina Gonzaga (*17.1.1566 +3.8.1621.)⁴

; FERDINAND II, Gf von Tyrol (1590-1625), Archduke von Steyer 1590, Holy Roman Emperor (1619-37), King of Bohemia (1619)+(1620-37) -elected 9.6.1617, cr 29.7.1617, dethroned 27.8.1619, King of Hungary (1619-37) -cr 1.7.1618, *Graz 9.9.1578, +Vienna 15.2.1637, bur St.Klara Kloster, Graz; 1m: Graz 23.4.1600 Maria Anna of Bavaria (*8.12.1574 +8.3.1616); 2m: Innsbruck 4.2.1622 Eleonora Gonzaga (*23.9.1598 +27.6.1655.)⁴ He was Stattholder in Bohemia between 1547 and 1567.⁴ He was Archduke in Tyrol between 1567 and 1576.⁴

     Maria (?) of Hapsburg was born on 15 May 1531 at Prague, Okres Praha, Bohemia, Czech Republic (now).^2,3 She married William V (?) Duke of Julich-Cleves-Berg on 18 July 1546 at Regensburg, Stadtkreis Regensburg, Bavaria (Bayern), Germany.^1,2,3,4

Maria (?) of Hapsburg died on 11 December 1581 at Schloß Hambacn at age 50.^2,3