Person Page - 2061

     Guy de Chatillon Archbishop of Reims died in 1055.¹
      ; Leo van de Pas cites: Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag Marburg., Detlev Schwennicke, Editor, Reference: VII 17.¹

     Manasses de Chatillon Seigneur de Bazoches died in 1080.²
      ; Leo van de Pas cites: Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag Marburg., Detlev Schwennicke, Editor, Reference: VII 17.¹

      ; Leo van de Pas cites: Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag Marburg., Detlev Schwennicke, Editor, Reference: VII 17.¹

     Eudes de Chatillon was born circa 1042.²
Eudes de Chatillon died on 28 July 1099.¹
      ; Pope Blessed Urban II: (Otho, Otto or Odo of Lagery), 1088-1099, born of a knightly family, at Châtillon-sur-Marne in the province of Champagne, about 1042; died 29 July, 1099. Under St. Bruno (afterwards founder of the Carthusians) Otho studied at Reims, where he later became canon and archdeacon. About 1070 he retired to Cluny and was professed there under the great abbot St. Hugh. After holding the office of prior he was sent by St. Hugh to Rome as one of the monks asked for by Gregory VII, and he was of great assistance to Gregory in the difficult task of reforming the Church. In 1078 he became Cardinal Bishop of Ostia and Gregory's chief adviser and helper. During the years 1082 to 1085 he was legate in France and Germany. While returning to Rome in 1083 he was made prisoner by the Emperor Henry IV, but was soon liberated. Whilst in Saxony (1084-5) he filled many of the vacant sees with men faithful to Gregory and deposed those whom the pope had condemned. He held a great synod at Quedlinburg in Saxony in which the antipope Guibert of Ravenna and his adherents were anathematized by name. Victor III had already been elected when Otho returned to Rome in 1085. Otho appears to have opposed Victor at first, not through any animosity or want of good will, but because he judged it better, at so critical a time, that Victor should resign the honour he was unwilling to retain. After Victor's death a summons was sent to as many bishops of the Gregorian party as possible to attend a meeting at Terracina. It was made known at this meeting that Otho had been suggested by Gregory and Victor as their successor. Accordingly, on 12 March, 1088, he was unanimously elected, taking the title of Urban II. His first act was to proclaim his election to the world, and to exhort the princes and bishops who had been loyal to Gregory to continue in their allegiance: he declared his intention of following the policy and example of his great predecessor--"all that he rejected, I reject, what he condemned I condemn, what he loved I embrace, what he considered as Catholic, I confirm and approve".

It was a difficult task which confronted the new pope. To enter Rome was impossible. The Normans, on whom together with Matilda he could alone rely, were engaged in civil war. Roger and Bohemund had to be reconciled before anything could be done, and to effect this the pope set out for Sicily. He met Roger at Troina, but history is silent as to what took place between them. The year following, however, saw peace between the two princes, and Urban's first entry into Rome in November, 1088, is said by some to have been made possible by Norman troops. His plight in Rome was truly pitiable; the whole city practically was in the hands of the antipope, and Urban had to take refuge on the Island of St. Bartholomew, the approach being guarded by Pierleone, who had turned the theatre of Marcellus on the left bank of the river into a fortress. Nor was the outlook in Germany calculated to hold out hopes of the triumph of the papal party; its stoutest adherents in the episcopate had died, and Henry was steadily gaining ground. From amidst the poverty and want of his wretched island, Urban launched sentence of excommunication against emperor and antipope alike. Guibert retorted by holding a synod in St. Peter's before which he cited Urban to appear. The troops of pope and antipope met in a desperate encounter which lasted three days; Guibert was driven from the city, and Urban entered St. Peter's in triumph. He was now determined to unite his partisans in Italy and Germany. The Countess Matilda had lost her first husband, Godfrey of Lorraine. She was now well advanced in years, but this did not prevent her marriage with Count Welf of Bavaria, a youth of eighteen, whose father, Duke of Welf IV of Bavaria, was in arms against Henry. Urban now turned his steps southwards again. In the autumn of 1089 seventy bishops met him in synod at Melfi, where decrees against simony and clerical marriage were promulgated. In December he turned back to Rome, but not before he had effected a lasting peace between Roger and Bohemund, and had received their full allegiance. The fickle Romans had again renounced him on the news of Henry's success against Matilda in north Italy, and had summond Guibert back to the city. The latter celebrated Christmas in St. Peter's whilst Urban anathematized him from without the walls.

For three years Urban was compelled to wander an exile about southern Italy. He spent the time holding councils and improving the character of ecclesiastical discipline. Meanwhile Henry at last suffered a check from Matilda's forces at Canossa, the same fortress which had witnessed his humiliation before Gregory. His son Conrad, appalled, it is said, at his father's depravity, and refusing to become his partner in sin, fled to the faction of Matilda and Welf. The Lombard League--Milan, Lodi, Piacenza, and Cremona--welcomed him and he was crowned king in Milan, the centre of the imperial power in Italy. The way was now clear for Urban's entry into Rome, but still the partisans of Guibert held the strong places of the city. This time the pope took up his residence in the fortress of the Frangipani, a family which had remained faithful to him and which was entrenched under the Palatine near the Church of Sta. Maria Nuova. His condition was piteous, for he had to depend on charity and was already deeply in debt. A French abbot, Gregory of Vendôme, hearing of Urban's plight, hurried to Rome "that he might become a sharer of his sufferings and labour and relieve his want". In return for this he was created Cardinal Deacon of Sta. Prisca. Shortly before Easter, 1094, the governor of the Lateran palace offered to surrender it to Urban on payment of a large sum of money. This money Gregory of Vendôme supplied by selling certain possessions of his monastery; Urban entered the Lateran in time for the Paschal solemnity, and sat for the first time on the papal throne just six years after his election at Terracina.

But it was no time for tarrying long in Rome. Henry's cause was steadily growing weaker, and Urban hurried north to hold a council at Piacenza in the interests of peace and reform. The unfortunate Praxedis, Henry's second wife, had suffered wrongs which were now the common property of Christendom. Her cause was heard, Henry not even attempting to defend himself. She was publicly declared innocent and absolved from any censure. Then the case of Philip of France, who had repudiated his wife Bertha and espoused Bertrada, the wife of Fulk of Anjou, was dealt with. Several bishops had recognized the union, but Archbishop Hugh of Lyons had had the courage to excommunicate Philip for adultery. Both king and archbishop were summoned to the council, and both failed to appear. Philip was granted a further respite, but Hugh was suspended from his office. At this council Urban was able to broach the subject of the Crusades. The Eastern Emperor, Alexius I, had sent an embassy to the pope asking for help against the Seljuk Turks who were a serious menace to the Empire of Constantinople. Urban succeeded in inducing many of those present to promist to help Alexius, but no definite step was taken by Urban till a few months later, when he summoned the most famous of his councils, that at Clermont in Auvergne. The council met in November, 1095; thirteen archbishops, two hundred and twenty-five bishops, and over ninety abbots answered the pope's summons. The synod met in the Church of Notre-Dame du Port and began by reiterating the Gregorian Decrees against simony, investiture, and clerical marriage. The sentence, which for some months had been threatening Philip of France, was now launched against him, and he was excommunicated for adultery. Then the burning question of the East was discussed. Urban's reception in France had been most enthusiastic, and enthusiasm for the Crusade had spread as the pope journeyed on from Italy. Thousands of nobles and knights had met together for the council. It was decided that an army of horse and foot should march to rescue Jerusalem and the Churches of Asia from the Saracens. A plenary indulgence was granted to all who should undertake the journey pro sola devotione, and further to help the movement, the Truce of God was extended, and the property of those who had taken the cross was to be looked upon as sacred. Those who were unfitted for the expedition were forbidden to undertake it, and the faithful were exhorted to take the advice of their bishops and priests before starting. Coming forth from the church the pope addressed the immense multitude. He used his wonderful gifts of eloquence to the utmost, depicting the captivity of the Sacred City where Christ had suffered and died--"Let them turn their weapons dripping with the blood of their brothers against the enemy of the Christian Faith. Let them--oppressors of orphans and widows, murderers and violaters of churches, robbers of the property of others, vultures drawn by the scent of battle--let them hasten, if they love their souls, under their captain Christ to the rescue of Sion." When the pope ceased to speak a mighty shout of Deus lo volt rose from the throng. His most sanguine hopes had not anticipated such enthusiasm as now prevailed. He was urged repeatedly to lead the Crusade in person, but he appointed Ademar, Bishop of Le Puy, in his stead, and leaving Clermont travelled from city to city in France preaching the Crusade. Letters were sent to bishops who had been unable to attend the council, and preachers were sent all over Europe to arouse enthusiasm. In every possible way Urban encouraged people to take the cross, and he did not easily dispense from their obligations those who had once bound themselves to undertake the expedition.

In March, 1096, the pope held a synod at Tours and confirmed the excommunication of the French king, which certain members of the French episcopate had endeavoured to remove. In July, 1096, the king, having dismissed Bertrada, was absolved by Urban in a synod held at Nîmes, but having relapsed, he was again excommunicated by the pope's legate in 1097. Some of the greater prelates of France had now to be brought to subjection to the pope, amongst them being the Archbishop of Vienne, who had refused to abide by the papal decision regarding the jurisdiction of the Bishop of Grenoble, and the Archbishop of Sens, who had declined to recognize the Archbishop of Lyons as papal legate. After a triumphal progress through France, Urban returned to Italy. On his way to Rome he met the crusading princes at Lucca, and bestowed the banner of St. Peter upon Hugh of Vermandois. It is said by some that this crusading host enabled Urban to enter Rome, which at this time was again held by the antipope. If this was so, the entry appears, according to the statement of an eyewitness to have been effected without fighting. No doubt the presence of well-disciplined troops, under the most distinguished knights of Christendom, struck terror into the wild partisans of Guibert. But Urban's final triumph over the "imbecile" was now assured. Northern and central Italy were in the power of Matilda and Conrad, and Henry was at last forced to leave Italy. A council was held in the Lateran in 1097, and before the end of the year Urban was able to go south again to solicit help from the Normans to enable him to regain the Castle of S. Angelo. The castle capitulated in August, 1098. He was now enabled to enjoy a brief period of repose after a life of incessant activity and fierce strife, which had brought exile and want. His friendship with the Normans was strengthened by the appointment of Count Roger as papal legate in Sicily, where the Church had been almost swept away by the Saracens; the antipope was within his Archbishopric of Ravenna, and Henry's power, though strengthened by Count Welf, who had forsaken Matilda, was not strong enough to be any longer a serious menace.

In October, 1098, the pope held a council at Bari with the intention of reconciling the Greeks and Latins on the question of the filioque; one hundred and eighty bishops attended, amongst whom was St. Anselm of Canterbury, who had fled to Urban to lay before him his complaints against the Red King. The close of November saw the pope again in Rome; it was his final return to the city. Here he held his last council in April, 1099. Once more he raised his eloquent voice on behalf of the Crusades, and many responded to his call. On 15 July, 1099, Jerusalem fell before the attack of the crusaders, but Urban did not live to hear the news. He died in the house of Pierleone which had so often given him shelter. His remains could not be buried in the Lateran because of Guibert's followers who were still in the city, but were conveyed to the crypt of St. Peter's where they were interred close to the tomb of Adrian I. Guibert of Nogent asserts that miracles were wrought at the tomb of Urban, who appears as a saint in many of the Martyrologies. Thus there seems to have been a cult of Urban II from the time of his death, though the feast (29 July) has never been extended to the Universal Church. Amongst the figures painted in the apse of the oratory built by Calixtus II in the Lateran Palace is that of Urban II with the words sanctus Urbanus secundus beneath it. The head is crowned by a square nimbus, and the pope is represented at the feet of Our Lady. The formal act of beatification did not take place till the pontificate of Leo XIII. The cause was introduced by Mgr Langenieux, Archbishop of Reims, in 1878, and after it had gone through the various stages the decision was given by Leo XIII on 14 July, 1881.
R. URBAN BUTLER
Transcribed by Carol Kerstner

The Catholic Encyclopedia, Volume XV
Copyright © 1912 by Robert Appleton Company
Online Edition Copyright © 2003 by K. Knight
Nihil Obstat, October 1, 1912. Remy Lafort, S.T.D., Censor
Imprimatur. +John Cardinal Farley, Archbishop of New York.² He was Cardinal, Archbishop of Ostia.¹

; Leo van de Pas cites: Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag Marburg., Detlev Schwennicke, Editor, Reference: VII 17.¹ As of between 1088 and 1099, Eudes de Chatillon was also known as Pope Urbano II.¹

     Alissia/Alix de Chatillon of Antiochia married Azzo VI d'Este Marquie d'Este, di Ferrara, Lord of Padua and Verona, son of Azzo V Margrave d'Este, on 22 February 1204.^5,1,2,3,6

Alissia/Alix de Chatillon of Antiochia died in 1235.^1,3
      ; Leo van de Pas cites: Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag Marburg., Detlev Schwennicke, Editor, Reference: I-1 31.¹

     Raimund (?) de Poitiers, Prince of Antiochia was born circa 1104.¹ He married Constance de Hauteville Pss of Antioch, Lady of Laodicea and Gibel, daughter of Bohemond II de Hauteville Prince of Antioch and Alix/Alice de Réthel Regent of Jerusalem, Lady of Laodicea and Gibel, in 1136
;
Her 1st husband.^{1,7,8,2,3,9,10,11,12}
Raimund (?) de Poitiers, Prince of Antiochia died on 27 June 1149 at near Inab; killed in battle.^1,8,2,3,9,11
      ; Per Med Lands:
     "CONSTANCE of Antioch, daughter of BOHEMOND II Prince of Antioch & his wife Alix of Jerusalem ([1127]-[1163/67], bur St Mary, Josaphat). Her name and parentage are recorded by William of Tyre[123]. The Lignages d'Outremer name "Costance" as daughter of "Beymont…prince" and his wife, recording her marriage to "Reimont le fill au comte de Poitiers"[124]. She succeeded her father in 1130 as CONSTANCE Pss of Antioch, under the regency successively of her mother, her maternal grandfather and her mother’s brother-in-law Foulques d'Anjou King of Jerusalem. Her succession was challenged by Roger II King of Sicily, as nearest male heir, but he was unable to press his claim due to more urgent business in southern Italy. "Fulco rex Hierosolymitanus rector ac bajulus principatus Antiocheni filiæque Boamundi II iunioris" confirmed a donation to the church of the Holy Sepulchre by charter dated Sep 1134[125]. Her first marriage was arranged by Foulques d'Anjou King of Jerusalem, in secret from her mother who had offered her hand to Manuel Komnenos, son of Emperor Ioannes II[126]. She succeeded her mother [after 1136] as Lady of Latakieh and Jabala. She rejected three potential candidates as her second husband proposed by Baudouin III King of Jerusalem: Yves de Nesle Comte de Soissons, Gauthier de Fauquemberghes Châtelain de Saint-Omer, and Raoul de Merle[127]. She also rejected Ioannes Dalassenos Rogerios [Jean Roger the Norman] who had been proposed by Emperor Manuel I[128]. "Raimundus I princeps Antiochenus" donated property to the church of the Holy Sepulchre, with the consent of "uxoris Constantiæ", by charter dated 19 Apr 1140[129]. William of Tyre records her second marriage[130]. The Lignages d'Outremer name "Rinaldo de Castellion" as second husband of "Costanza…la Nova Princessa[131]. When her second husband was taken prisoner in 1160, Constance claimed that power in Antioch had reverted to her. However, Baudouin III King of Jerusalem declared her son Bohémond as the rightful prince under the regency of Patriarch Aimery. Constance appealed to Emperor Manuel I, who sent ambassadors to Antioch to negotiate a marriage between her daughter and the emperor, their presence alone being sufficient to re-establish Constance's rule in Antioch[132]. Following riots in the city, Pss Constance was exiled in 1163 and her son installed in her place[133]. Runciman specifies that Constance appealed to Konstantinos Dukas Kalamános as Governor of Cilicia for help when she was exiled, but this appears incorrect as Kalamános was only appointed Governor in 1167[134]. Her date of death is not known, but in a charter dated 1167, her son called himself "Prince of Antioch, Lord of Latakieh and Jabala"[135] which was his mother's dower, implying that she had died by then. Bohémond III Prince of Antioch confirmed donations to the church of St Mary, Josaphat, confirming that "mater sua Constantia, frater Raynaldus et soror Philippa" were buried there, by charter dated Sep 1181[136].
     "m firstly ([Apr/May] 1136) RAYMOND de Poitiers, [illegitimate] son of GUILLAUME IX Duke of Aquitaine [GUILLAUME VII Comte de Poitou] & [his mistress Amauberge [Dangerose] ---] (-killed in battle near Inab 28 Jun 1149). William of Tyre names "domini Wilelmi Pictaviensium comitis filius" when recording his marriage, specifying that he was then living at the court of Henry I King of England[137]. The primary source which names his mother has not yet been identified. However, he is not named in other sources as a legitimate son of Guillaume IX. It is therefore reasonable to suppose that he was born from the duke's relationship with Amauberge "Dangerose". This question is discussed in more detail in the document AQUITANINE DUKES. Raymond arrived in Antioch in Apr 1136. William of Tyre records that his future mother-in-law Alix was led to believe that he had arrived to propose marriage to her, but Constance was kidnapped and married to Raymond by Raoul Patriarch of Antioch[138]. He was immediately installed as RAYMOND Prince of Antioch, by right of his wife[139]. He invaded Armenian territory in 1136 with Baudouin Lord of Marash, but they were driven back by Lewon I Lord of the Mountains [Armenia-Rupen][140]. Emperor Ioannes II besieged Antioch in Aug 1137 and obliged Raymond to swear allegiance to him[141]. "Raimundus…princeps Antiochenus et domina Constantia mea uxor" donated property to the church of the Holy Sepulchre, Jerusalem by charter dated Apr 1140[142]. The emperor launched a new expedition destined for Antioch in 1142, but died en route in Cilicia[143]. After the new Emperor Manuel I refused Prince Raymond's demand for the return of Cilicia to Antioch, Raymond invaded the province[144]. After the arrival in Antioch in Mar 1148 of Louis VII King of France at the head of the French army of the Second Crusade, Prince Raymond was unable to persuade the king to attack the city of Aleppo which was the centre of Muslim power in the region[145]. The Annals of Abul-Feda record that "Nour-ed-Din entreprend le siège de Harem" and defeated and killed "le prince d’Antioch"[146]. William of Tyre records that "Noradinus" beseiged and captured "castrum Harenc" and killed "Antiochia…principem", dated to 1149 from the context[147]. His skull was set in a silver case and sent by Nur-ed-Din to the Caliph of Baghdad as a gift[148].
     "m secondly (before May 1153) as his first wife, RENAUD de Châtillon, son of --- (-beheaded Hattin [Jul/Aug] 1187). The parentage of Renaud is uncertain. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "Raynaldus de Castellione super Wainum fluviolum" when recording his arrival at Antioch and marriage to "uxor…relictam principis Raymundi"[149]. William of Tyre names him "Rainaldus de Castellione"[150]. Neither source specifies which Châtillon is referred to. The Chronicle of Ernoul names him "un chevalier, frere au signeur dau Gien sour Loire…Rainaus"[151]. Schlumberger interprets this passage as meaning that Renaud was the brother of Geoffroy de Donzy, whose family is recorded in the mid-12th century as holding the castle of Gien[152]. He identifies "Castellione" as Châtillon-sur-Loing [153]. The Donzy/Gien origin appears unlikely as none of the sources dealing with the Donzy family mention Renaud (see the document BURGUNDY DUCHY). However, as shown in the document CENTRAL FRANCE, "Renaud son of Robert de Châtillon" was recorded in 1086 as nepos of Geoffroy [II] de Donzy. It is therefore likely that Renaud Prince of Antioch was related to this earlier Renaud. Renaud came to Palestine with the army of Louis VII King of France in the Second Crusade, and stayed in Jerusalem in the service of King Baudouin III after the crusaders returned to France in 1149. He accompanied the king to Antioch in 1151[154]. William of Tyre records "Rainaldus de Castellione" among the magnates in Palestine present at the siege of Ascalon in 1153[155]. He was installed as RENAUD Prince of Antioch on his marriage in 1153, by right of his wife. "Rainaldus princeps Antiochenus" confirmed the privileges of the Venetians by charter dated May 1153[156]. He recaptured Alexandretta in 1153 from Thoros II Lord of the Mountains [Armenia-Rupen], after Emperor Manuel promised to finance the operation. The debt was never paid, and Renaud handed the district to the Knights Templars[157]. He made an alliance with Thoros and in 1156 they attacked Cyprus together, captured the island's governor Ioannes Komnenos, and laid waste to the island[158]. He captured Harenc in Feb 1158. Emperor Manuel I invaded Cilicia in 1158, and Prince Renaud submitted to him rather than risk losing a battle. The emperor made his formal entry into Antioch 12 Apr 1159[159]. Prince Renaud was taken prisoner by Majd ed-Din Governor of Aleppo in Nov 1160, and sent to Aleppo where he was kept in prison for 16 years[160]. Bar Hebræus records that "Nour ed-Din" captured "le second prince, mari de la mère de Boémond" in A.H. 544 (1149/50)[161], which misdates his capture. Raymond Count of Tripoli attacked Homs 1 Feb 1175, distracting Saladin from his siege of Aleppo, in return for which the ruler of Aleppo released his remaining Christian prisoners, including Renaud de Châtillon and Joscelin de Courtenay[162]. After their release, Renaud and Joscelin became the focus of the more progressive elements in Palestine, centred around recent arrivals and the Knights Templars[163]. He was installed as Lord of Hebron and Montréal: "Rainaldus, quondam Antioochiæ princeps, nunc vero Hebronensis et Montis Regalis dominus" donated property to the Knights Hospitallers, with the consent of "Stephaniæ uxoris eiusque filiorum", by charter dated Nov 1177[164]. A charter dated 1180 records the donation by "Reginaldus quondam princeps Anthiochensis…Montisregalis et Hebron dominus" of property to the abbey of Notre-Dame de Josaphat with the consent of "uxor mea Stephania…et Hanfredi prefate dominie Stephanie filii et uxoris eius Elisabeth filie regis Jerusalem"[165]. He attacked a Muslim caravan making its way from Cairo to Palestine at end 1186, which put an end to the four-year truce signed by Raymond Count of Tripoli the previous year[166]. He was personally beheaded by Saladin after being captured[167].
Med Lands cites:

; Leo van de Pas cites: 1. Stammtafeln zur Geschichte der Europäischen Staaten, 4 volumes, Marburg, 1953, 1975., W. K. Prinz von Isenburg, Reference: II 28
2. The Crusades 1980, London. , Antony Bridge, Reference: 182
3. Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag Marburg., Detlev Schwennicke, Editor, Reference: II 76.¹

; Raimund de Poitiers, Prince of Antioch (1136-49), +k.a.1149; m.1136 *[5375] Constance de Hauteville, Pss of Antioch (*1127 +1163.)³

; He was about thirty-six years old when he was smuggled into Antioch to marry the nine-year-old Princess Constance. He had to be smuggled in as her mother had other plans for her. He was handsome, vigorous and made himself popular but he was not wise. While he was away from Antioch a Byzantine army lay siege to the city as homage had not peen paid to the Emperor. The citizens were not sure what to do and closed the gates against the Emperor. Raimund hurried back and was able to enter the city and take over the defence. However, not sure about the situation, he asked the advice of King Fulk in Jerusalem. As Fulk wanted a strong ally in his own battles with the Caliph Zengi, he suggested he should acknowledge the overlordship of the Byzantine Emperor and, when Raimund did, the Emperor graciously withdrew but ordered him to raise the Imperial standard to be raised over the citadel to show the world who was in charge.

However, the Franks should have co-operated with each other and the Byzantine Emperor against Zengi, but petty jealousy and self-interest weakened them. When the Emperor went to fight in Syria, Raimund and Joscelin II of Edessa agreed to join forces. But when the battle ensued, they held back leaving the fighting to the Byzantines who were therefor cheated out of the success which was certain if they had taken part in the fight with the Moslems. Raimund and Joscelin both resented the Emperor's greater power and were determined that the other would gain no advantage from the Emperor. As a result, nothing was achieved and the Emperor returned home.

Due to the hostility and dishonesty which they continued to show the Emperor, the latter returned in 1142 with an army against them but died in a hunting accident. They were relieved, but so was Zengi who was now free from a powerful opponent whose death was soon followed by that of King Fulk of Jerusalem. Zengi then besieged Edessa while Joscelin was elsewhere. Joscelin appealed for help to Raimund and the Queen-widow of Jerusalem. The latter sent an army but Raimund, who hated Joscelin, did nothing. Joscelin hoped the city would hold out until the army arrived but Edessa was captured and was the first of the Crusader kingdoms to be destroyed.

After the initial carnage, Zengi regained control over his soldiers and ordered the protection of the local Christians, while all Franks were killed and their women and children sold into slavery. Zengi would probably have done a great deal of damage but, on 14 September 1146, he was murdered by a eunuch whom he had reprimanded for drinking out of his own personal wine glass.

To assist in the defeat of the Moslems, Louis VII of France and his queen arrived with a large army. However, Louis VII was approached by three different princes with three different plans, each wanting to use the king for their own selfish reasons. After an indecisive period, the queen, who was Raimund's niece, urged her husband to listen to Raimund. She pleaded so well that the king became suspicious about the time his queen had spent with her uncle. To the fury of the much more intelligent queen, Louis VII decided to leave immediately for Jerusalem. Although she threatened to stay behind in Antioch and divorce him, Louis VII used force to make her accompany him, keeping her a virtual prisoner.

Louis VII then went to Jerusalem and, with the Queen-widow Melisende, attended a conference at Acre along with most of the crusaders. But Raimund, still furious with Louis VII, refused to attend. By 1149 Louis VII had returned to France while Raimund went to the rescue of one of his castles besieged by Nur ed-Din. The latter, forewarned of the supposedly superior army of Raimund, withdrew; but when he became aware that his own army was the larger, he returned and surprised the Franks. Raimund wanted to break his way out but, his army virtually annihilated, was dead by noon. Nur ed-Din decided to follow an earlier example and Raimund, like his father-in-law before him, had his head cut off and his skull, set in a silver case, sent to the Caliph of Baghdad.¹ He was Prince of Antiochia between 1136 and 1149.^1,3

     Humphrey (Onfroi) II (?) Lord of Toron, Connetable of Jerusalem married Philippa (?) of Antioch, daughter of Raimund (?) de Poitiers, Prince of Antiochia and Constance de Hauteville Pss of Antioch, Lady of Laodicea and Gibel, between 1167 and 1176.^1,2,4,3

Humphrey (Onfroi) II (?) Lord of Toron, Connetable of Jerusalem died on 22 April 1179; killed in battle.^1,2,3
      ; Leo van de Pas cites: Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag Marburg., Detlev Schwennicke, Editor, Reference: III 154.¹ Humphrey (Onfroi) II (?) Lord of Toron, Connetable of Jerusalem was also known as Honfroy II (?) Lord de Thoron.⁴

     Azzo VI d'Este Marquie d'Este, di Ferrara, Lord of Padua and Verona was born in 1170.^4,2 He married Elisa Aldobrandini
; his 1st wife.^2,5 Azzo VI d'Este Marquie d'Este, di Ferrara, Lord of Padua and Verona married Sofie (?) de Savoie, daughter of Umberto III (?) Comte de Savoie, Aosta and Moriana and Klementia (?) von Zähringen,
; his 2nd wife.^6,1,4,2 Azzo VI d'Este Marquie d'Este, di Ferrara, Lord of Padua and Verona married Alissia/Alix de Chatillon of Antiochia, daughter of Renaud de Châtillon-sur-Loing Prince of Antioch and Constance de Hauteville Pss of Antioch, Lady of Laodicea and Gibel, on 22 February 1204.^1,7,8,9,2

Azzo VI d'Este Marquie d'Este, di Ferrara, Lord of Padua and Verona died on 18 November 1212.^1,4,2
      ; Azzo VI d'Este, Marquis of Ferrara (1196-1212) =Azzo I, Lord of Padua & Verona, etc, Mgve of Ancona, Ct of Loreto, *ca 1170, +XI.1212; 1m: N, a dau.of Cte Aldebrandino; 2m: Sophie of Savoy (*1165 +3.12.1202); 3m: 22.2.1204 Alix de Chatillon (+1235) dau.of Pr Raimond of Antioch.²

Reference: Genealogics cites: Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag Marburg., Detlev Schwennicke, Editor, Reference: II 122.¹ He was Marquis of Ferrara between 1196 and 1212.²

     Sofie (?) de Savoie was born circa 1165.^1,2 She married Azzo VI d'Este Marquie d'Este, di Ferrara, Lord of Padua and Verona, son of Azzo V Margrave d'Este,
; his 2nd wife.^1,5,2,6
Sofie (?) de Savoie died on 3 December 1202.^1,2
      ; Leo van de Pas cites: Stammtafeln zur Geschichte der Europäischen Staaten, 4 volumes, Marburg, 1953, 1975., W. K. Prinz von Isenburg, Reference: II 110.¹

     Elisa Aldobrandini married Azzo VI d'Este Marquie d'Este, di Ferrara, Lord of Padua and Verona, son of Azzo V Margrave d'Este,
; his 1st wife.^2,1
     Reference: Genealogics cites: Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag Marburg., Detlev Schwennicke, Editor, Reference: 1-1 31.¹

     Aldobrandino I d'Este Podesta of Ferrara, Mantua and Verona was born circa 1190.^1,2
Aldobrandino I d'Este Podesta of Ferrara, Mantua and Verona died on 10 October 1215.^1,2
      ; Leo van de Pas cites: 1. Stammtafeln zur Geschichte der Europäischen Staaten, 4 volumes, Marburg, 1953, 1975., W. K. Prinz von Isenburg, Reference: II 122
2. Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag Marburg., Detlev Schwennicke, Editor, Reference: 1-1 31.¹

; [1m.] Aldobrandino I d'Este, Podesta of Ferrara (1212-15), Mantua and Verona, Mgve of Ancona, *ca 1190, +1215.² He was Podesta of Ferrara between 1212 and 1215.²

     Azzo VII d'Este Markgrave d'Este, Signore di Ferrara was born circa 1205.^1,2 He married Giovanna (?) circa 1221
; his 1st wife.^4,1,2 Azzo VII d'Este Markgrave d'Este, Signore di Ferrara married Amabilia di Pallavicini, daughter of Guido (?) Marchese di Pallavicini, in 1238
; his 2nd wife.²
Azzo VII d'Este Markgrave d'Este, Signore di Ferrara died on 16 February 1264.^1,2
      ; Leo van de Pas cites: Stammtafeln zur Geschichte der Europäischen Staaten, 4 volumes, Marburg, 1953, 1975., W. K. Prinz von Isenburg, Reference: II 122.¹

; [3m.] Azzo VII d'Este, Signore di Ferrara (1215-64) =Azzo II, etc, *ca 1205, +1264; 1m: ca 1221 Giovanna N (+1233); 2m: 1238 Amabilia (+after 27.9.1274) dau.of Marchese Guido di Pallavicini.² He was Signore di Ferrara between 1215 and 1264.²

     Giovanna (?) married Azzo VII d'Este Markgrave d'Este, Signore di Ferrara, son of Azzo VI d'Este Marquie d'Este, di Ferrara, Lord of Padua and Verona and Alissia/Alix de Chatillon of Antiochia, circa 1221
; his 1st wife.^1,2,3
Giovanna (?) died on 19 November 1233.¹
      ; Leo van de Pas cites: Stammtafeln zur Geschichte der Europäischen Staaten, 4 volumes, Marburg, 1953, 1975., W. K. Prinz von Isenburg, Reference: II 122.¹

     Rinaldo I d'Este Markgrave d'Este married Adelaide di Romano, daughter of Alberigo di Romano, circa 1233.³

Rinaldo I d'Este Markgrave d'Este died in 1251.¹
      ; [1m.] Rinaldo I d'Este, *shortly after 1221, +Apulia ca 1251; m.ca 1233 Adelaide (+1251) dau.of Alberigo di Romano.³

; Leo van de Pas cites: Stammtafeln zur Geschichte der Europäischen Staaten, 4 volumes, Marburg, 1953, 1975., W. K. Prinz von Isenburg, Reference: II 122.¹

     Obizzo II d'Este Markgrave d'Este, Signore di Ferrara was born in 1247.^1,4,3 He married Giacoma Fieschi, daughter of Niccolo Fieschi and Lionetta (?), in 1263
; his 1st wife.^5,3 Obizzo II d'Este Markgrave d'Este, Signore di Ferrara married Constanza della Scala, daughter of Alberto I della Scala Lord of Verona and Verde di Salizzole, in July 1289
; her 1st husband; his 2nd wife.^6,1,2,4,3
Obizzo II d'Este Markgrave d'Este, Signore di Ferrara died on 13 February 1293 at Ferrara, Italy (now).^1,4,3
      ; Obizzo II d'Este, legitimized 1252, Marchese d'Este (1264-), Signore di Ferrara (1264-93) and Modena (1288-93), etc, *ca 1247, +Ferrara 13.2.1293; 1m: 1263 Giacoma (+1287) dau.of Niccolo Fieschi; 2m: 1289 Constanza della Scala (+1306.)³

; illegitimate.³

; Leo van de Pas cites: Stammtafeln zur Geschichte der Europäischen Staaten, 4 volumes, Marburg, 1953, 1975., W. K. Prinz von Isenburg, Reference: II 122.¹ He was Marchese d'Este between 1264 and 1293.³ He was Signore di Ferrara between 1264 and 1293.³ He was Signore di Modena between 1288 and 1293.³

     Giacoma Fieschi married Obizzo II d'Este Markgrave d'Este, Signore di Ferrara, son of Rinaldo I d'Este Markgrave d'Este, in 1263
; his 1st wife.^1,3
Giacoma Fieschi died in December 1287.^1,3
      ; Leo van de Pas cites: 1. Stammtafeln zur Geschichte der Europäischen Staaten, 4 volumes, Marburg, 1953, 1975., W. K. Prinz von Isenburg, Reference: II 122
2. Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag Marburg., Detlev Schwennicke, Editor, Reference: 1.1 32.¹

; In Isenburg she is called a daughter of Niccolo Fieschi, Schwennicke calls her a niece of Pope Adrian V (Ottobono Fieschi).¹

     Niccolo Fieschi married Lionetta (?)^4,1

      ; Leo van de Pas cites: Stammtafeln zur Geschichte der Europäischen Staaten, 4 volumes, Marburg, 1953, 1975., W. K. Prinz von Isenburg, Reference: II 122.¹

     Lionetta (?) married Niccolo Fieschi, son of Tedisio Fiesco Patrizio di Genova, Conte di Lavagna and Simona della Volta.^1,2

      ; Leo van de Pas cites: Genealogie della famiglie nobili di Genova 1971, Bologna., Natale Battilana, Reference: Fieschi 4.¹

     Aldobrandino II d'Este Markgrave d'Este married Contessa Alda Rangoni, daughter of Count Tobia Rangoni, in 1289.^4,2

Aldobrandino II d'Este Markgrave d'Este died on 26 July 1326.¹
      ; Leo van de Pas cites: Stammtafeln zur Geschichte der Europäischen Staaten, 4 volumes, Marburg, 1953, 1975., W. K. Prinz von Isenburg, Reference: II 122, 123.¹

; Aldobrabdino II d'Este, lord of Modena (1308-26), +1326; m.1289 Alda (+IX.1325) dau.of Cte Tobia Rangoni; for his descendants see http://genealogy.euweb.cz/welf/welf9.html.^2,5

     Contessa Alda Rangoni married Aldobrandino II d'Este Markgrave d'Este, son of Obizzo II d'Este Markgrave d'Este, Signore di Ferrara and Giacoma Fieschi, in 1289.^1,3

Contessa Alda Rangoni died in 1325.¹
      ; Leo van de Pas cites: Stammtafeln zur Geschichte der Europäischen Staaten, 4 volumes, Marburg, 1953, 1975., W. K. Prinz von Isenburg, Reference: II 123.¹

     Marie (?) de Luxembourg died in 1337.¹
      ; Leo van de Pas cites: Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag Marburg., Detlev Schwennicke, Editor, Reference: VI 28; VII 96.¹

     Mathilde (?) married Mathieu II de Beauvoir Sire de Beauvoir, son of Baudouin I de Beauvoir Sire de Beauvoir and Odile (?).^2,1

      ; Leo van de Pas cites: Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag Marburg., Detlev Schwennicke, Editor, Reference: XIII 165.¹ Mathilde (?) was living in 1240.¹

     Mathieu II de Beauvoir Sire de Beauvoir married Mathilde (?)^1,4

      ; Leo van de Pas cites: Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag Marburg., Detlev Schwennicke, Editor, Reference: XIII 165.¹ Mathieu II de Beauvoir Sire de Beauvoir was living in 1217.¹

     Odile (?) married Baudouin I de Beauvoir Sire de Beauvoir, son of Mathieu I de Beauvoir Sire de Beauvoir and Elisabeth (?) Dame d'Aveluy.^2,1

Odile (?) died before February 1234.¹
      ; Leo van de Pas cites: Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag Marburg., Detlev Schwennicke, Editor, Reference: XIII 165.¹

     Baudouin I de Beauvoir Sire de Beauvoir married Odile (?)^1,4

Baudouin I de Beauvoir Sire de Beauvoir died circa March 1238.¹
      ; Leo van de Pas cites: Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag Marburg., Detlev Schwennicke, Editor, Reference: XIII 165.¹

     Elisabeth (?) Dame d'Aveluy married Mathieu I de Beauvoir Sire de Beauvoir.^2,1

      ; Leo van de Pas cites: Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag Marburg., Detlev Schwennicke, Editor, Reference: XIII 165.¹ Elisabeth (?) Dame d'Aveluy was living in 1200.¹

     Mathieu I de Beauvoir Sire de Beauvoir married Elisabeth (?) Dame d'Aveluy.^1,2

      ; Leo van de Pas cites: Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag Marburg., Detlev Schwennicke, Editor, Reference: XIII 165.¹

     NN Vladimirovna (?) of Kiev married Bernard I von Haldensleben Markgraf der Nordmark, son of Dietrich von Haldensleben Markgraf von der Nordmark, between 991 and 992
;
His 2nd wife.^1,5,6,4
      ; Per Med Lands:
     "BERNHARD (-[1044/51]). "Bernhardo" is named as son of "Teoderici ducis et marchionis" in the Annalista Saxo, which also specifies that he was avunculus of Dietrich Graf von Merseburg[12]. He was appointed as BERNHARD Markgraf der Nordmark in 1009.
     "m [firstly] ---. The name and origin of Bernhard´s [first] wife is not known.
     "[m secondly or Mistress (1):] ---, a Slav. The Annales of Lambert von Hersfeld record in 1057 “Otto frater Wilhehelmi marchionis, sed matrimonio impari, matre...Slavia”[13]. It is not clear from this passage whether Otto´s mother was the second wife or the mistress of Bernhard. Baumgarten states that the wife of Markgraf Bernhard was --- Vladimirovna, illegitimate daughter of Vladimir Sviatoslavich "Velikiy/the Great" Grand Prince of Kiev & his mistress ---. He cites a single German secondary source, dated to 1722, but this in fact makes no mention of Bernhard´s wife[14]. The authority for his statement is therefore unknown and it is preferable to assume that it is incorrect until further information comes to light. If Baumgarten is correct, this person could have been the unknown second wife/mistress of Bernhard who is described as “Slavia” by Lambert von Hersfeld. As the birth of Bernhard´s son by his second wife/mistress can be dated to [1040], this daughter would have been one of the youngest children of Vladimir (who died in 1015) if this is the correct parentage for Bernhard´s wife/mistress."
Med Lands cites: GAV-29.

Reference: Genealogics cites: Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag Marburg., Detlev Schwennicke, Editor, Reference: 1-1 87B.³

; Per Med Lands:
     "[--- Vladimirovna . Baumgarten states that the wife of Markgraf Bernhard was the illegitimate daughter of Grand Prince Vladimir Sviatoslavich. He cites a single German secondary source, dated to 1722, but this in fact makes no mention of Bernhard´s wife[150]. The authority for his statement is therefore unknown and it is preferable to assume that it is incorrect until further information comes to light. If Baumgarten is correct, this person could have been the mother of Bernhard´s son Otto: the Annales of Lambert von Hersfeld record in 1057 “Otto frater Wilhehelmi marchionis, sed matrimonio impari, matre...Slavia”[151]. As the birth of Bernhard´s son by his second wife/mistress can be dated to [1040], this daughter would have been one of the youngest children of Vladimir (who died in 1015) if this is the correct parentage for Bernhard´s wife/mistress.
     "m [as his second wife,] BERNHARD [von Haldensleben], son of DIETRICH Markgraf über den Gau der Heveller [Nordmark] & his wife --- (-[1044/51]). He was installed in 1009 as BERNHARD Markgraf der Nordmark.] "
Med Lands cites:

     Dedo/Dedi I von Wettin Graf im Hassegau was born circa 954.¹ He married Thietburga von Haldensleben, daughter of Dietrich von Haldensleben Markgraf von der Nordmark, on 19 December 985.^2,1,5,8,9

Dedo/Dedi I von Wettin Graf im Hassegau died on 13 November 1009 at ner Mose bei Wolmirstedt, Landkreis Börde, Sachsen-Anhalt, Germany (now); Genealogics says "murdered". Med Lands says killed in battle.^2,1
      ; Per Med Lands:
     "THIETBURGA . The parentage of the wife of Graf Dedo is deduced from her brother Bernhard being described as avunculus of her son, although she is not named in this passage[10]. Thietmar is more explicit, stating that Dedo married "Markgraf Dietrich's daughter, Thiedburga"[11].
     "m (before 985) DEDO Graf von Merseburg, son of DIETRICH [Theodericus] [Graf im Hassegau] [Wettin] & his wife --- (-killed in battle near Mose bei Wolmirstedt 13 Nov 1009)."
Med Lands cites: GAV-30.

; Per Genealogics:
     “Dedi was born about 954, the son of Dietrich, Graf im Hassegau, and Judith von Merseburg. He had a brother Friedrich who was Graf von Eilenburg. The young Dedi spent his childhood with his relative Margrave Rikdag, lord over the marks of Meissen, Zeitz and Merseburg, and was one of the most powerful men of east Saxony. Before 19 December 985 Dedi married Thietberga von Haldensleben, daughter of Dietrich von Haldensleben, Markgraf von der Nordmark. Their son Dietrich II would have progeny.
     “From 974 to 985 Dedi was involved in the rebellion of Heinrich II 'der Zanker', duke of Bavaria, first against his first cousin Emperor Otto II, then against Otto's son Emperor Otto III. In 976 Dedi commanded a Bohemian army that captured Zeitz and pillaged the bishop's church.
     “Dedi appears to have had a good relationship with Archbishop Giselher of Magdeburg, who arranged for him to acquire the count's rights in the northern Hassegau after the death of Count Binizo. Along with that Dedi successfully demanded the district of Zörbig for himself and his brother.
     “The years before Dedi's death were dominated by a feud with the counts of Walbeck. When his father-in-law Dietrich von Haldensleben, Markgraf von der Nordmark, died in 985, Dedi demanded the position of margrave, but it was given to Lothar III von Walbeck, Graf im Derlingau, who ruled in the Nordmark until 1003. Bishop Thietmar von Merseburg, a nephew of Lothar, relates in his chronicle that Dedi took part in the destruction of the castle of Wolmirstedt belonging to the Walbecks. Dedi was also in conflict with Lothar's son and successor Werner von Walbeck. On 13 November 1009 Dedi and his vassal Egilhard were killed by Werner near Mose at the junction of the Tanger and Elbe rivers.”.¹

; This is the same person as:
”Dedo I, Count of Wettin” at Wikipedia, as
”Dedo Ier” at Wikipédia (Fr.),
and as ”Dedo I. von Wettin” at Wikipedia (De.)^10,11,12

Reference: Genealogics cites: Dedo/Dedi I von Wettin Graf im Hassegau was also known as Dedo I Graf von Merseburg.²

; Per Genealogy.EU (Wettin): “A1. Gf Dedo I von Merseburg, +murdered 1009; m.before 985 Thietberga, dau.of Dietrich (von Haldensleben, Margrave of the Nordmark)”.¹³

; Per Med Lands:
     "DEDO [I] (-killed in battle near Mose bei Wolmirstedt 13 Nov 1009). He is named as son of Dietrich in the Annalista Saxo, which records that he served Markgraf Ricdag and his son Karl[253]. Thietmar records that he was appointed Graf von Merseburg in succession to Count Bio[254].
     "m (before 985) THIETBURGA [von Haldensleben], daughter of DIETRICH Markgraf über den Gau der Heveller [Nordmark] & his wife ---. The parentage of the wife of Graf Dedo is deduced from her brother Bernhard being described as avunculus of her son, although she is not named in this passage[255]. Thietmar is more explicit, stating that Dedo married "Markgraf Dietrich's daughter, Thiedburga"[256]."
Med Lands cites:

     Dietrich I von Wettin Graf im Hassegau married Jutta (?) von Merseburg, daughter of Bio (?) Graf im Merseburg.^3,5
Dietrich I von Wettin Graf im Hassegau was born in 916.³
Dietrich I von Wettin Graf im Hassegau died before 976.^6,3,7
      ; Per Genealogics:
     “A Saxon count of the Buzzizi tribe. Dietrich is thought to have been born about 916. He is considered the oldest traceable member of the House of Wettin who is known for certain. Almost nothing is known about Dietrich's life; not even the year of his death is clear. It is believed that Dietrich was slain in battle with the Magyars in or before 976. With his wife Jutta von Merseburg, daughter of Bio, Graf im Merseburg, he had two sons of whom Dedi I is known to have had progeny. Because of Dietrich's importance to the genealogy of European royalty, much speculation exists about his ancestry. Europäische Stammtafeld give Dedi, Graf im Hassegau, as his father. However other candidates have been put forward, though without strong evidence.”.³

Reference: Genealogics cites:

; Per Genealogy.EU (Wettin): “At one time in this very century this family's members included nine sovereign rulers at the same time: the Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach, the Duke of Saxe-Meiningen, the Duke of Saxe-Altenburg, the Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, and five kings---those of Saxony, Great Britain, Belgium, Bulgaria and Portugal. The family claims to descend from one Wittekind, a leader of one of the Saxon tribes converted to Christianity under Charlemagne. However, this is conjecture, and the first provable ancestor was Dietrich, Gf im Hassegau, who flourished in the 10th century. His descendant Thimo built the castle of Wettin, whence the family took its name. His son Konrad became Margrave of Meissen and was granted part of Lusatia by the emperor. Konrad's grandson married the heiress of Thuringia and inherited those lands. When the Dukes of Saxony of the old Ascanian house became extinct, the Wettins were among the most powerful nobles in the region. In 1423 the emperor named Margrave Friedrich as Duke of Saxe-Wittenberg. In 1485 two brothers, Ernsta nd Albert, divided the lands into two branches still extant today. Ernst inherited Wittenberg, Thuringia and Vogtland, and was ancestor of the Saxon ducal houses. Albert took Meissen, and built it up into the electorate and, later, kingdom of Saxony.”.² GAV-31. Dietrich I von Wettin Graf im Hassegau was also known as Dietrich I Graf von Wettin.⁸ Dietrich I von Wettin Graf im Hassegau was also known as Thierry I de Liesgau.⁹

; This is the same person as:
”Theodoric I of Wettin” at Wikipedia, as
UND:]”Thierry Ier de Liesgau” at Wikipédia (Fr.) and as
”Dietrich I. (Wettiner)” at Wikipedia (De.)^10,8,9

; Per Med Lands:
     "DIETRICH [Theoderic], son of --- (-before 976). [Graf im Hassegau]. The Annalista Saxo calls him "Theodericus egregie libertatis vir" and names his two sons[248]. "Otto…rex" confirmed previous grants to Kloster Gandersheim including property "in pago Suththuringa in comitatu Uuillihelmi…[et] in pago Nordthuringa…in comitatu Theoderici in loco…Uuanzleua…[et] in Hliuthirithi in comitatu Irmenfridi" by charter dated 21 Apr 956[249]. "Otto…imperator augustus" donated property "in pagis Derlingon et Nortduringen in comitatu ipsius Mamaconi" to "nostro fideli Mamaconi" at the request of "Theoderici comitis" by charter dated 23 Apr 966[250].
     "m [IMMA], daughter of ---. 976. "Otto…imperator augustus" confirmed donations of property "in Livbedinga in pago Gurketal et in comitatu Ratoldi comitis" by "Theoderici comitis cuidam viduæ Imma" for the foundation of a monastery by charter dated 11 Jun 975[251], although it is not known whether this refers to the same Graf Dietrich. Thietmar records that Dedo "went so far as to capture his own mother" when leading "the rebellious Bohemians against us at the church of Zeitz"[252]. "
Med Lands cites: