Person Page - 3108

     GAV-28.

; Per Genealogics:
     "Orscand, called 'the Great', was bishop of Vannes from 970 to his death. According to Noël Yves Tonnerre, professor of medieval history at the University of Angers, Orscand was a descendant of Alain I 'le Grand', duc de Bretagne. He was the son or grandson of another Orscand, himself the son of Rudalt, comte de Vannes from 907 to 913, who was a direct descendant of Alain.
     "Through his ancestry Orscand possessed many strongholds in the region. The territory he controlled was centred on the coastline of Guérande around Vannes and the pagus of Belz. Before 970, although married he took control of the bishopric of Vannes in unknown circumstances.
     "In 970, the sixteenth year of the reign of Lothar I, king of France, Orscand met Geoffroy I, comte d'Anjou, and took the opportunity to visit the tomb of St. Aubin. He donated a saltworks to the village of Saillé (commune of Guérande) in the diocese of Nantes (by charter of 23 May 970).
     "Orscand was also a powerful ally of Conon I 'le Tort', duc de Bretagne, against the descendants of Alain II 'le Barbetorte', duc de Bretagne, comte de Vannes et Nantes. When Conon seized Nantes in 990, he requested Orscand to protect the fortress that had been restored by Alain and his sons.
     "Orscand was present when Conon, accompanied by his son Geoffrey and all the bishops of Brittany, made a donation to the monastery of Mont Saint Michel.
     "Orscand died between 29 July 990 and 27 June 992. His inheritance was shared between his son Rudald and his daughter Guigoëdon, wife of Benoit de Cornouaille, count and bishop of Cornouaille. Both Rudald and Guigoëdon would have progeny.
     "Orscand's successor to the bishopric of Vannes was Conon's son Judicaël, who was bishop from 992 to 1008."¹

     Alain 'the Red' (?) Comte de Bretagne, Lord of Richmond married Gunhilda (?) of Wessex, daughter of Harold II Godwinson (?) King of England and Eadgyth Swanneshals "Swan-neck" (?),
; She may have been his concubine and not his wife. See Wikipedia artcile for more information.^1,4 Alain 'the Red' (?) Comte de Bretagne, Lord of Richmond was born circa 1046.¹
Alain 'the Red' (?) Comte de Bretagne, Lord of Richmond died on 4 August 1093.^1,3
Alain 'the Red' (?) Comte de Bretagne, Lord of Richmond was buried after 4 August 1093 at Priory of Bury St.Edmunds, Bury St. Edmunds, co. Suffolk, England.^1,3
     Reference: Genealogics cites:

; Per Wikipedia:
     "Alan Rufus (alternatively Alanus Rufus (Latin), Alan ar Rouz (Breton), Alain le Roux (French) or Alan the Red (c. 1040 – 1093)) 1st Lord of Richmond, was a Breton nobleman and companion of William the Conqueror (Duke William II of Normandy) during the Norman Conquest of England. He was the second son of Eozen Penteur (also known as Eudon, Eudo or Odo, Count of Penthièvre) by Orguen Kernev (also known as Agnes of Cornouaille).[b] William the Conqueror granted Alan Rufus a significant English fief, later known as the Honour of Richmond, in about 1071.[1]
Biography
     "Alan Rufus is first mentioned as a witness (along with his mother Orguen and brothers Gausfridus, Willelmus, Rotbertus, Ricardus) to a charter dated to 1056/1060, issued by his father Eozen to the Abbey of Saint-Aubin in Angers (q.v. Albinus of Angers).
     "Alan already held some property in Rouen, the capital of Normandy, and was lord of Richemont in Upper Normandy before September 1066. In 1066 or 1067, William of Normandy assented to the gift by Alan Comes (i.e. Alan Rufus) to St-Ouen de Rouen of the church of Saint-Sauveur without Rouen, and of the nearby church of Sainte Croix des Pelletiers, which had been his gift to Alan.[2]
     "Alan was probably present at the Battle of Hastings in October 1066.[3] On the journey to the battle site near Hastings, the Breton forces formed the vanguard, arriving a good half-hour before the rest of William's army. In the battle formation, Bretons are mentioned variously as in the left-wing or in the rear-guard of the army. Geoffrey Gaimar's L'Estoire des Engles[4][5] and Wace's Roman de Rou both assert Alan Rufus's presence as Breton commander in the battle,[c] and praise his contribution: Gaimar says "Alan and his men struck well" and Wace states that they did the English "great damage".
     "A column of Norman cavalry swept into the Cambridge area in late 1066 and built a castle on the hill just north of the river crossing. Alan's first possessions in England were in Cambridgeshire, so he may have obtained them about this time. The Cambridgeshire town of Bourn,[6] west of Cambridge and due north of London, along with several other towns in the area were according to the Domesday Book held in 1066 by the royal thane Almer of Bourn[7][8] as a tenant of Edith the Fair. Alan's early acquisitions in England included many land titles that had been in the possession of King Harold's wife Edith the Fair, including all but one of her holdings in Cambridgeshire.[9]) Alan later favored Almer by giving him two additional manors.
     "In 1067, Alan witnessed a charter of King William to the monks of St Peter's at Westminster.[10]
     "In January 1069, Earl Edwin in Yorkshire and his brother Earl Morcar in Northumberland rebelled. In late 1069, the King brought an army north to combat the rebels and recover York. According to the Register of Richmond, it was at the instigation of Queen Matilda, during the Siege of York,[11] that King William conceded to Alan the Honour of Richmond (the Hundred of the "Land of Count Alan" in Yorkshire[12]) in North Yorkshire.[13][14] Unusually, within the land of Count Alan, King William himself and his half-brother Robert, Count of Mortain received only one manor each: William sharing one with Alan at Ainderby Steeple, on the eastern fringe of the Land, while Robert held one on its southern edge. The wording of the proclamation is:
     "Ego Wil(el)mus cognomine Bastardus Rex Anglie do et concedo tibi Nepoti meo Alano Britannie Comiti et heredibus tuis imperpetuum omnes uillas et terras que nuper fuerunt Comitis Edwyni in Eboraschira cum feodis Militum et ecclesiis et aliis libertat(ibus) et consuetudinibus ita libere et honorifice sicut idem Edwinus ea tenuit. Dat(um) in obsidione coram Ciuitate Ebor(aci).[15]
     "Philemon Holland's English translation of William Camden's "Brittania" (1607) renders the proclamation:
     ""I William surnamed Bastard, King of England, doe give and grant unto thee my Nephew an unknown date Alane Earle of Britaine, and to thine heires for ever, all and every the manour houses and lands which late belonged to Earle Eadwine in Yorkeshire, with the knights fees and other liberties and customes, as freely and in as honorable wise as the said Eadwin held the same. Given at our leaguer before the City of Yorke."[16]
     "Alan Rufus began construction on Richmond Castle in 1071, to be the principal manor and center of his honour.[17] As the first constable of his new castle, Alan chose Enisant Musard,[18] the husband of one of his half-sisters.[19][20] Richmond Castle overlooks the old Roman fort at Catterick, North Yorkshire. Alan's properties extended over the entire length of Earningas Street, the old Roman road from London to the North, heading to Edinburgh; this road was renamed Ermine Street.
     "Geoffrey of Monmouth claimed that Brittany was the place of origin for his "Historia Regum Britannia".[21] In fiction, Alan also has an association with King Arthur: in the tale of Potter Thompson, Arthur and his knights are said to lie at rest under Richmond Castle.[22]
     "In Richmondshire, the Domesday Book's "Land of Count Alan", many of the Anglo-Dane lords, or their heirs, were retained in their pre-1066 positions of authority. The locations where this was done were complementary to those owned by the deceased Edwin, Earl of Mercia, whereas many of those where Edwin had been Overlord were given to Alan's Breton relatives: his half-brothers Ribald, Lord of Middleham, Bodin, Lord of Bedale, and Bardolf, Lord of Ravensworth, and their wet-nurse, Orwen.[e] Other tenants of Alan in Yorkshire were English lords from East Anglia.
     "In the 1080s, Alan witnessed several documents of King William in England and Ghent, and one of Queen Matilda in England.
     "For the period from about 1083-1086 (the exact dates are uncertain) the formidable Sainte-Suzanne Castle was besieged by the king's army. [23] [24] [25][26] [27] [28] [29] King William I established a fortified camp at Beugy, about 800 metres north of the castle, manned by William's best household knights under the command of Alan Rufus. The siege did not go well, the castle proving to be well-defended. Wealthy Norman and English lords were frequently captured. After a year, Alan handed command to another Breton, who was later slain, along with many of the king's knights, aggrieving William sufficiently to come to terms with the commander of the castle.
     "It is likely that Alan was with King William I and the other members of the King's Council at Gloucester in Christmas 1085 when they discussed preparations for the extensive survey of England, later known as the Domesday Survey. On this survey was based the Domesday Book, which comprises two volumes, Little Domesday and Great Domesday.[f]
     "Through 1086, Alan and Robert of Mortain attended on King William, e.g. at Fécamp in Normandy and in Wiltshire in south-west England.
     "By 1086 Alan had become one of the richest and most powerful men of England. Alan is mentioned as a lord or tenant-in-chief in 1,017 entries of the Domesday Book, behind only King William I and Robert, Count of Mortain in the number of holdings. The most powerful magnate in East Anglia and Yorkshire, he also possessed property in London, in Normandy (e.g. in Rouen and Richemont), and in Brittany. Alan Rufus is third (not including the King and his immediate family) among the barons in terms of annual income, which was about £1,200.[31] His income in the year of his death, 1093, was £1,100.
     "Alan donated large sums to a number of religious houses, but most famously founded, with King William II, the Benedictine St Mary's Abbey in York in early 1088.[32]
     "Alan was among the first four magnates to support William II of England against the Rebellion of 1088 in favour of the Duke of Normandy, Robert Curthose. The uprising was led by the recently freed Odo, Earl of Kent, Bishop of Bayeux, and joined by several major magnates. Beginning in March 1088, Alan was granted additional territory by King William from the confiscated lands of his neighbours who had rebelled.[33] In or before 1089, Alan Rufus issued a charter at Rochester, Kent, Bishop Odo's former principal manor.
     "William de St-Calais had been in the army led by the king against Bishop Odo, but suddenly fled north to his castle at Durham. After the rebellion was defeated, Roger of Poitou, Alan Rufus, Odo of Champagne,[34] and Walter d'Aincourt[35] were sent to persuade St-Calais to surrender. After a lengthy parley during which they waited outside the castle, St-Calais agreed to surrender his person and stand trial, but only once they signed a complex document promising safe conduct before, during, and after the trial.[34] Alan Rufus played a significant role in the subsequent trial of St-Calais, which commenced on 2 November 1088 at Salisbury in Wiltshire.
     "Wilmart's interpretation[36] is that in exchange for St-Calais agreeing to submit to the King's judgement, Alan and the other royal officers signed a document guaranteeing St-Calais's safety before and after the trial.[g] When St-Calais cited this in court, there was uproar, but Alan calmly confirmed St-Calais's statement and then said that if there were any fault here, it was his (Alan's). Alan concluded by begging the king not to attempt to coerce him into committing perjury; otherwise, he (Alan) would believe himself obliged to refuse to serve the king.[h]
     "St-Calais was held in custody at Wilton Abbey until 14 November. [37] Alan escorted St-Calais to Southampton to await passage to Normandy and exile.[37]
     "According to Christopher Clarkson,[38] in 1089 Count Alan persuaded King William II to convene (“assemble”) England's very first “High Court of Parliament” (“under that name”) at York.
     "Saint Anselm, in two letters addressed (perhaps in 1093-1094) to Gunnhild the youngest daughter of King Harold II and Edith the Fair, reprimanded her for abandoning her vocation as a nun at Wilton Abbey to live with Alan Rufus, intending to marry him, and after his death living with his brother Alan Niger ("the Black"). The historian Richard Sharpe has theorised[39] that Matilda d'Aincourt, wife of Walter d'Aincourt, was the natural daughter of Alan Rufus and Gunnhild.[40] In the same article, Sharpe also cited Trevor Foulds's suggestion that Matilda may have been a daughter of King William I and Queen Matilda; although Orderic Vitalis[41] does not mention her name in his list of their daughters, Domesday[42] does name a "Matilda, the King's daughter".
     "Wilmart thought Alan Rufus's death was sudden and unexpected.[i] There are conflicting sources for the year of its occurrence. Two medieval sources (the 12th century Margam Annals and Stephen of Whitby's brief history of St Mary's, York)[43] indicate that he died in 1089 or shortly thereafter, but scholars have concluded that 1093, perhaps on 4 August, is more likely.[44][j] His body was transported to the abbey at Bury St Edmunds in Suffolk where he was buried in the cemetery outside the south door. Subsequently, his family and the monks of the Abbey of St Mary in York succeeded in their petition to have him reburied inside Bury Abbey.
     "Alan Rufus died childless. As Lord of Richmond, Alan Rufus was succeeded by his younger brothers: Alan Niger who also died without issue, followed by Stephen, Count of Tréguier.
Notes
a. Another painting of Alan Rufus from the Register of the Honour of Richmond, this from the latter 15th century, is at the Bodleian archive, and visible on the internet at http://bodley30.bodley.ox.ac.uk:8180/luna/servlet/detail/ODLodl~1~1~47787~127458:Register-of-the-Honour-of-Richmond-
b. Agnes is thought to be the daughter of Alain Canhiart, Count of Cornouaille but genealogical documentation is sparse.
c. Wace confuses Alan Rufus with his cousin Alan called "Fergant" (French for "Iron-Glove") of Cornouaille (Breton: Kernev), grandson of Conan II, who in 1084 became Alan IV, Duke of Brittany; Fergant was a child in 1066, so even if present he could not have held a leadership position
d. In fact, both Alan Rufus and Conan II were William's double-second-cousins, as the three fathers (Count Eozen, his brother Duke Alan III and their double-cousin Duke Robert) shared all four grandparents: Conan I, Duke of Brittany, Ermengarde-Gerberga of Anjou, Richard I, Duke of Normandy and Gunnor, Duchess of Normandy.
e. According to a "narratio" in the Sibton Abbey Cartularies (specifically, charter 515 written by John de Gislingham), Orwen came to England after the Norman Conquest and asked Alan to repay her for nourishing him as an infant with her own milk. He responded by giving her Sibton Manor and its estates in coastal Suffolk. Later, Alan's chamberlain Mainard received Alan's permission to marry Orwen; they had two daughters, one of whom, Gemma, was the ancestor of the later lords of Sibton.
f. An in-depth study of the writing of the Domesday Book (a summary of the results of this survey) has been conducted by David Roffe[30]
g. "Alain fut aussi l'un des mandataires du roi, qui, le 8 septembre, signèrent une convention assez compliquée, établie vraisemblablement par l'évêque, aux termes de laquelle la sécurité de Guillaume de Saint-Calais était garantie jusqu'à son jugement, et même au delà, quelle que fût la sentence."
h. "C'est alors que Saint-Calais, prétendant garder la place contre un gage, rappela d'une manière inattendue l'arrangement passé avec le comte Alain. Ainsi mis en cause, et sans se laisser émouvoir par une remarque de Lanfranc ni par les clameurs des laïcs, Alain répéta bravement, dans un discours bref et net, les termes de la convention du 8 septembre. Il avait donné sa parole et entendait la tenir. Sous sa garde, l'évêque était venu de Durham juqu'à la cour du roi, afin de plaider sa cause. Si l'évoque avait la justice pour lauui, Alain devait le ramener sain et sauf à Durham; que si, au contraire, les torts étaient de son côté, on le conduirait de même outre-mer, par Exeter et Sandwich. Quant à lui, Alain, pour conclure, il suppliait son maître de ne le point forcer au parjure; sinon, il se croirait obligé, pour l'avenir, de refuser au roi tout service."
i. His epitaph implies that his death was a shock as it describes England as "turbatur" because of it.
j. The epitaph uses the word "cineratur" to describe Alan's death; he was often in London and the city suffered a major conflagration in 1093.
References
1. Keats-Rohan "Alan Rufus (d. 1093)" Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
2. K. S. B. Keats-Rohan. Domesday People: Domesday book. pp. 127–130.
3. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.
4. "Full text of L'estoire Des Engles Solum la Translacion Maistre Geffrei Gaimar, lines 5315-5334". Retrieved 2013-08-29.
5. "List of on-line Anglo-Norman Source Texts". Anglo-norman.net. Retrieved 2013-08-06.
6. "Bourn | Domesday Book". Domesdaymap.co.uk. Retrieved 2013-08-06.
7. "Parishes: Bourn". Retrieved 2014-05-21.
8. "Almer of Bourn". Retrieved 2014-05-21.
9. "Prosopography of Anglo-Saxon England". Department of History and the Centre for Computing in the Humanities, at King’s College, London, and in the Department of Anglo-Saxon, Norse, and Celtic, at the University of Cambridge. Retrieved 2014-01-21.
10. "Alan 1". Prosopography of Anglo-Saxon England. Retrieved 2013-12-19. (Charters witnessed by Alan Rufus)
11. Wilmart, p. 581.
12. "Hundred of Land of Count Alan". Retrieved 2013-08-29.
13. Keats-Rohan (1991), p. 3.
14. Green, p. 41.
15. Wilmart (1928), p. 581.
16. http://www.philological.bham.ac.uk/cambrit/yorkseng.html
17. Historic England. "Richmond Castle: eleventh to fourteenth century enclosure castle (1010627)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 2012-03-10.
18. "Enisant Musard | Domesday Book". Domesdaymap.co.uk. Retrieved 2013-08-06.
19. "Église Saint-Martin, Lamballe - Topic-Topos" (in French). Archived from the original on 2013-12-21. Retrieved 2013-12-21.
20. "Eglise Saint-Martin de Lamballe (Bretagne)" (in French). Retrieved 2013-12-21.
21. Aaron Thompson and A.J. Giles (1999). Geoffrey of Monmouth: History of the Kings of England. p. 214.
22. Michael Evans (2007). The Death of Kings: Royal deaths in medieval England. p. 154.
23. François Guizot, ed. (1826). Orderic Vital, Histoire de la Normandie. III. pp. 170–172.
24. W. Scott Jessee (1 October 2000). Robert the Burgundian and the Counts of Anjou, Ca. 1025-1098. pp. 129–134.
25. Francis Palgrave (2013) [1921]. Sir R.H. Inglis Palgrave (ed.) The Collected Historical Works of Sir Francis Palgrave, K.H., Volume 3. Cambridge University press. p. 314.
26. David Bates (1998). Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum. Oxford University press. p. 82.
27. "Sainte-Suzanne". Retrieved 2013-12-19.
28. "Sainte Suzanne, Mayenne, Pays de la Loire". Retrieved 2013-12-19.
29. "Sainte Suzanne". Archived from the original on 2013-12-19. Retrieved 2013-12-19.
30. "Domesday Now". domesdaynow.co.uk. 2011-02-06. Retrieved 2013-08-06.
31. Mason, pp. 703–704.
32. Dean.
33. Wilmart, p. 593.
34. Barlow, p. 84.
35. Sharpe, p. 2, footnote 5.
36. Wilmart, pp. 592-595.
37. Barlow, p. 89.
38. Clarkson, p. 20.
39. Sharpe, pp. 1-27.
40. "Prosopography of Anglo-Saxon England". Department of History and the Centre for Computing in the Humanities, at King’s College, London, and in the Department of Anglo-Saxon, Norse, and Celtic, at the University of Cambridge. Retrieved 2013-08-28.
41. Forrester, p. 22, Vol. 2.
42. "Open Domesday: Names: M". Retrieved 2014-12-08.
43. Wilmart, pp. 595-597.
44. Sharpe, p. 10.
Bibliography
** Barlow, Frank (1983). William Rufus. University of California Press.
** Clarkson, Christopher. The History of Richmond, in the County of York. Thomas Bowman, Richmond, North Yorkshire, England.
** Dean, Gareth (2008). Medieval York. The History Press. ISBN 0752441167.
** Green, Judith A. (2002). The Aristocracy of Norman England.
** James, Montague Rhodes (1895). On the Abbey of S. Edmund at Bury : I. The library. II. The church. Retrieved 2013-09-26.
** Keats-Rohan, K. S. B. (1991). "The Bretons and Normans of England 1066-1154: the family, the fief and the feudal monarchy" (PDF). Nottingham Medieval Studies. 36: 42–78.
** Keats-Rohan, K. S. B. (2004). "Alan Rufus (d. 1093)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography ((subscription or UK public library membership required)). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
** Keats-Rohan, Katherine (2012). "Domesday People Revisited". Retrieved 2013-09-03.
** Liddiard, Robert (editor) (2003). Anglo-Norman Castles. Boydell Press, Woodbridge, Suffolk, United Kingdom. p. 98.
** Mason, J. F. A. (1963). "The 'Honour of Richmond' in 1086". The English Historical Review. 78 (309): 703–704. doi:10.1093/ehr/lxxviii.cccix.703. JSTOR 561220.
** Forrester, Thomas (1854). The Ecclesiastical History of Ordericus Vitalus. Henry G. Bohn, York Street, Covent Garden, London.
** "PASE Domesday". Retrieved 2013-12-19.
** "PASE Domesday: Cambridge University connects communities with Domesday". BBC News. 2010-08-10. Retrieved 2013-08-30.
** Sharpe, Richard (2007). Stephen Morillo, William North (editors) (eds.) "King Harold's Daughter". The Haskins Society Journal. Studies in Medieval History. Boydell and Brewer. 19: 1–27. ISBN 9781843833932.
** Thompson, Pishey (1856). The History and Antiquities of Boston, and the villages of Skirbeck, Fishtoft, Freiston, Butterwick, Benington, Leverton, Leake and Wrangle; comprising the hundred of Skirbeck in the country of Lincoln. John Noble, Jnr., Boston, Lincolnshire, England. Retrieved 2013-09-05.
** Wilmart, André (1928). "Alain Le Roux et Alain Le Noir, Comtes de Bretagne" (PDF). Annales de Bretagne. 38 (3): 576–602. doi:10.3406/abpo.1928.4288.
External links
** Alan 1 at Prosopography of Anglo-Saxon England; also Alan 3 for Domesday holdings: http://www.pase.ac.uk/jsp/persons/CreatePersonFrames.jsp?personKey=19578
** patp.us: http://patp.us/genealogy/conq/richmond."⁴

; Per Genealogics: "Alain 'the Red' was a younger son of Eudes I, comte de Penthièvre, and his wife Orguen. He was a compatriot of William 'the Conqueror' at the Battle of Hastings, 14 October 1066, and was rewarded with lands in Yorkshire, later the 'honour of Richmond'."¹ EDV-28.

; Per Med Lands:
     "ALAIN "Rufus/the Red" de Bretagne (-4 Aug 1093, bur Bury St Edmunds). "Comes Eudo, uxor eius Orguen et filii eorum Gausfridus, Alanus, Willelmus, Rotbertus, Ricardus…" witnessed the charter dated to [1056/60] records the history of the acquisition by Angers Saint-Aubin of property "in pago Belvacensi", finally donated by "comiti Britannie Eudoni"[327]. It is not known whether "Alanus" in this charter refers to Alain "Rufus" or to Alain "Niger". The fact that only one of these sons is named in this document suggests that the other was illegitimate. For the purpose of presentation in this document, it has been assumed that the illegitimate son was Alain "Niger", who succeeded to the honours in Yorkshire after the death of his [half-]brother Alain "Rufus", but this is not beyond all doubt. The Genealogia Comitum Richemundiæ names "Alanum…Rufum…Alanus Niger…Stephanus" as the three sons of "Eudo Comes Britanniæ", stating that Alain "Rufus" came to England with "Willelmo bastard Duce Normanniæ" who awarded him the "honorem et Comitatum Comitis Edwini in Eborakshire…Richmundshire" and built "castrum Richemont" but died childless and was buried "apud S Edmundum"[328]. He is said to have commanded the Breton contingent, with his brother Alain "the Black", at the battle of Hastings in 1066. He was granted land in Yorkshire by William I King of England, where he built the castle of Richmond. A manuscript which records the foundation of York St Mary records that “comes…Alanus nobiliorum Britanniæ prosapia exortus, Eudonis…comitis Britanniæ filius” founded “ecclesiam in honore S. Olavi…juxta civitatem Eboraci” and in 1088 founded the abbey on “burgum…extra civitatem juxta ipsam civitatem”[329]. “Comes Alanus Rufus” donated property to Swavesey Abbey, Cambridgeshire, for the soul of “patris sui Eudonis comitis”, by undated charter witnessed by “…Ribaldus et Bardulfus fratres comitis…”[330]. He commanded the king's garrison in Normandy at the time of the siege of the castle of Sainte-Suzanne in [1083/85][331]. "Omnes fratres eius: Briennius…comes Anglice terre et Alanus Rufus eius…successor…alter Alanus qui et Niger dicebatur…tertius successit in regno et quidam qui sororem eius bastardam uxorem duxerat Enisandus de Pleveno" witnessed the charter dated 1084, relating to the foundation of the priory of Saint-Martin de Lamballe by "Gauffredus Britannorum comes qui et Boterellus cognominabatur"[332]. "Geoffrey count of the Bretons called Boterel" donated property to the abbey of Saint-Florent, Saumur with the consent of "all his brothers namely Brientius comes Angliæ terræ, and Alan Rufus his successor and another Alan who was called Niger, this third succeeded him in the kingdom" by charter dated to [1084][333].
     "Mistress: GUNHILD, illegitimate daughter of HAROLD II King of England & his mistress Eadgyth Swanneshals (-after 1093). Alan abducted Gunhild, daughter of Harold II King of England, from Wilton Abbey and lived with her[334]. Alain & his mistress had [one possible illegitimate child]:
Med Lands cites:

     Basilia (?) married Ralph d'Eyncourt 2nd Baron d'Eyncourt, son of Walter d'Eyncourt 1st Baron d'Eyncourt and Matilda (?) de Bretagne.¹

     Reference: Genealogics cites: Family History Report Geoffrey of Rennes 2012, Ravilious, John Paul.¹

     Agnes Basset married Walter d'Eyncourt 3rd Baron d'Eyncourt, son of Ralph d'Eyncourt 2nd Baron d'Eyncourt and Basilia (?).¹

     Reference: Genealogics cites: Family History Report Geoffrey of Rennes 2012, Ravilious, John Paul.¹

     Beatrice de Chesney married Ralph Murdac.¹

     Reference: Genealogics cites: Family History Report Geoffrey of Rennes 2012, Ravilious, John Paul.¹

     Bilchilde (?) married Rorico/Rorick (?) Comte de Maine, son of Gauzlin I (?) du Maine and Adeltrude (?) de Bourges, before 832
;
His 2nd wife.^1,2
     GAV-31.

Reference: Genealogics cites: Caroli Magni Progenies, Neustadt an der Aisch, 1977 , Rösch, Siegfried. 66.¹

     Rogon II (?) Comte du Maine was born circa 800.¹
Rogon II (?) Comte du Maine died circa 865.¹
      ; Per Med Lands:
     "RORICO [II] (-866). His parentage is confirmed by reading the two references to the parentage of his brothers Gauzlin and Geoffroy [Gauzfrid] (see below), together with the Annales Bertiniani which record the death of "Rorigus frater Gauzfridi"[41]. Charles II "le Chauve" King of the West Franks entrusted the administration of ducatus Cenomannicus to Rorico, but the latter instigated the revolt of the king's son Louis ("le Bègue") in 862, resulting in the confiscation of the appointment which was awarded to Robert "le Fort" [Capet][42]. It is not clear whether this appointment amounted to Rorico's installation as Comte du Maine or whether it was an administrative delegation, with rights and duties similar to those of a vicomte. The Annales Bertiniani record that King Charles II pardoned "Gozfridum et Roricum atque Heriveum" in 863[43], but no record has been found of Rorico’s reappointment in Maine. The Annales Bertiniani record that the Vikings killed "Rorigus frater Gauzfridi" in 866[44].
MedLands cites:

; Per Wikipedia: "He was the eldest son of Rorgon I. As Count, he succeeded Gauzbert (brother of Rorgon I), and was succeeded by his own brother, Gauzfrid."¹ Rogon II (?) Comte du Maine was also known as Rorico II (?) Comte du Maine.³ He was Comte du Maine between 849 and 865.¹

     Joscelin (?) Bishop of Paris died on 16 April 886.¹
      ; Per Wikipedia:
     "Joscelin, Goslin, or Gauzlin (died 16 April 886), Bishop of Paris and defender of the city against the Northmen (885), was, according to some authorities, the son of Rorgon I, count of Maine, according to others the natural son of the emperor Louis I.
     "In 848 he became a monk, and entered a monastery at Reims, later he became abbot of St Denis. Like most of the prelates of his time he took a prominent part in the struggle against the Northmen, by whom he and his brother Louis were taken prisoners (858), and he was released only after paying a heavy ransom (Prudentii Trecensis episcopi Annales, ann. 858). From 855 to 867 he held intermittently, and from 867 to 881 regularly, the office of chancellor to Charles the Bald and his successors.
     "In 883 or 884 he was elected bishop of Paris, and foreseeing the dangers to which the city was to be exposed from the attacks of the Northmen, he planned and directed the strengthening of the defences, though he also relied for security on the merits of the relics of St Germain and St Genevieve. When the attack finally came (885), the defence of the city was entrusted to him and to Odo, Count of Paris, and Hugh the Abbot.
     "The city was attacked on 26 November and the struggle for the possession of the bridge (now the Pont-au-Change) lasted for two days; but Joscelin repaired the destruction of the wooden tower overnight, and the Vikings were obliged to give up the attempt to take the city by storm. The Siege of Paris lasted for about a year longer, while the emperor Charles the Fat was in Italy. Joscelin died soon after the preliminaries of the peace had been agreed on, worn out by his exertions, or killed by a pestilence which raged in the city. He was succeeded by Askericus.
Sources
** Duval, Amaury. L'Evéque Gozlin ou le siege de Paris par les Normands, chronique du IX siècle. Paris, 1832.
** MacLean, Simon. Kingship and Politics in the Late Ninth Century: Charles the Fat and the end of the Carolingian Empire. Cambridge University Press: 2003.
** This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Goslin". Encyclopædia Britannica. 12 (11th ed.) Cambridge University Press. p. 265.¹ Joscelin (?) Bishop of Paris was also known as Gauzlin (?) Bishop of Paris.¹ Joscelin (?) Bishop of Paris was also known as Goslin (?) Bishop of Paris.¹

     Gauzbert (?) Comte du Maine died in 853.¹
      ; Pe MedLands:
     " GAUSBERT (-after 1 Mar 839). “Rorgo comes” donated property to the abbey of Saint-Maur-sur-Loire in which “germanus noster Gausbetus...et filium nostrum Gauslinum” followed the religious life, confirmed by Dodon Bishop of Anjou by charter dated 1 Mar 839, signed by “Rortgonis comitis, Bilechildis uxoris eius, Gausberti fratris eius...”[61].
MedLands cites;
[61] Saint-Maure-sur-Loire, XXXIV, p. 378.²

; Per Wikipedia:
     "Gauzbert (French pronunciation: ?[?ozb???]; died 853) was Count of Maine from 840 to 853. He was a member of the Rorgonide family, son of Gauzlin I, lord of Maine and Adeltrude.
     "He is recorded for the first time in 839 in a charter of his brother Count Rorgon I of Maine. Rorgon died shortly afterwards, leaving very young children, and Gauzbert took over the government, organising the defense the County of Maine against the Vikings. He also fought against Lambert II, Count of Nantes. In 852 he killed Lambert in an ambush.[1]
     "In 853, Gauzbert's overlord Charles the Bald accused him of making an alliance with the Bretons, who were in revolt against him, and, according to some reports, had him executed. The execution is said to have incited other Frankish grandees to revolt and appeal for help to Charles' half-brother and rival Louis the German. However, according to the Chronique de Saint-Maixent, Gauzbert was ambushed and killed by citizens of Nantes in revenge for the death of Lambert.[2]
     "It is not known whether he was married or had children. He was succeeded by his nephew Rorgon II of Maine.
Notes
1. Chronique de Saint-Maixent "Et l'année suivante, Lambert, comtes de Nantes, est tué dans une guerre par Gausbert, comte du Maine"
2. Chronique de Saint-Maixent, p.59 "Gaubert, comte du Maine tomba dans une embuscade des Nantais et fut tué"
External links
** France Balade: http://www.francebalade.com/maine/ctmaine.htm
** Cawley, Charles, Medieval Lands Project, Medieval Lands database, Foundation for Medieval Genealogy: http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/MAINE.htm.¹ " He was Comte du Main between 840 and 853.¹

     Bernard (?) Comte de Poitou married Bilichildis/Bilichilde (?) de Maine, daughter of Rorico/Rorick (?) Comte de Maine and Bilchilde (?),
;
Her 1st husband.²
Bernard (?) Comte de Poitou died between 844 and 845; Killed in battle.²
      ; Per MedLands:
     "BERNARD (-killed in battle [844/45]). The Chronicle of Adémar de Chabannes records that "Emeno…comes Pictavinus" declared "filium Pipini [rex Aquitanie filius imperatoris]" as king of Aquitaine after his father's death, in opposition to the emperor who invaded Poitou and expelled Emenon "et fratrem eius Bernardum", specifying that Bernard sought refuge with "Rainaldum comitem Arbatilicensem"[253]. According to the Chronicon Aquitanicum, he was killed while fighting with Renaud Comte d'Herbauge [et de Nantes][254], but other sources record that Bernard was killed with Renaud's son Hervé. The Annales Engolismenses record that "Bernardus et Herveus" were killed in 844[255]. The Chronicle of Adémar de Chabannes records that "Bernardus comes Pictavinus et Arueus filius Rainoldi" were defeated and killed by "Lanberto comite" the year after Hervé's father was killed[256]. The Chronicle of Saint-Maxence records that "Bernardus comes Pictavensis et Arveus filius Rainaldi" were killed fighting "Lamberto comite" in 845[257]. m BILICHILIDIS, daughter of RORICO Comte du Maine & his wife Bilichildis ---. The origin of the wife of Comte Bernard is deduced from the Historia Inventionis Sanctii Baudelli naming "Gothorum princeps Bernardus cum avunculo suo Gauzleno tunc inclito Abbate, futuro autem episcopo"[258]. Flodoard's Historia Remensis Ecclesiæ also names "Gozlino…Bernardo nepote ipsius", referring to Bernard Marquis of Septimania and his rebellion dated to [877][259]. She is named in the record of the excommunication by Pope John VIII of "Bernardum filium Bernardi et Belihildis" in 879[260]. It is possible that Bilichildis was the same daughter of Comte Rorico who later married Rainulf Comte de Poitou. [emphsis added] Bernard & his wife had two children:
MedLands cites:

     Adalelm (?) Comte Palatin de Troyes married Ermengarde (?), daughter of Adalelmus (?) Count,
; Per MedLands:
     "...m ERMENGARDE, daughter of ---. "Adalelmus…comes" confirmed the donation of "Cadusciam fiscum" to the abbey of Montiéramey by "Rotbertus…comes avunculus noster" by charter dated Feb 893 (presumably should be redated to 892), witnessed by "Hirmengarae comitissae…"[252].
MedLands cites: [252] Giry 'Etudes carolingiennes', 23, p. 133.¹
Adalelm (?) Comte Palatin de Troyes died in October 892 at Turenne.¹
      ; Per MedLands:
     "ADALELM (-Turenne [Oct] 892). An agreement dated 14 Jun 877 of Emperor Charles II "le Chauve", presumably written with his own death in mind, names "…ex comitibus aut Tedericus, aut Balduinus, sive Chuonradus, seu Adalelmus" as those willing to support the emperor's son[247]. He succeeded his maternal uncle in 886 as Comte Palatin de Troyes[248]. Abbo's Bella Parisiciæ Urbis names "consul Ademarus regi copulates eidem progenie" at the siege of Paris in 886, placing him in his family context by also naming "Odo consanguineus sua" in the same paragraph[249]. "Adalelmus…comes" confirmed the donation of "Cadusciam fiscum" to the abbey of Montiéramey by "Rotbertus…comes avunculus noster" by charter dated Feb 893 (presumably should be redated to 892), witnessed by "Hirmengarae comitissae, Berengarii, Arimberti vicecomitis, Fredetti vicecomitis"[250]. The Vita Sancti Geraldi Comitis records that "frater Ademari comitis Adalelmus" led the siege of Aurillac in 892 but was captured and died 14 days later a prisoner at Turenne[251]. m ERMENGARDE, daughter of ---. "Adalelmus…comes" confirmed the donation of "Cadusciam fiscum" to the abbey of Montiéramey by "Rotbertus…comes avunculus noster" by charter dated Feb 893 (presumably should be redated to 892), witnessed by "Hirmengarae comitissae…"[252].
MedLands cites:

     Turpion (?) died on 4 October 863 at near Saintes, France (now).¹
      ; Per MedLands:
     "TURPION (-killed near Saintes 4 Oct 863). The Chronicle of Adémar de Chabannes records that "Turpionem…comitem" was installed as Comte d'Angoulême, his origin being confirmed by a subsequent passage which states that "Emeno [comes Pictavinus]" fled to "Turpionem fratrem suum" after he was expelled from Poitou[268]. A recital (undated) of two miracles attributed to relics conserved in the abbey of Charroux names "Ademarus filius Emenonis comitis Engolismensis et frater Turpionis eque comitis Engolismensis"[269]. The Chronicle of Adémar de Chabannes records that "Turpio" was killed by the Vikings and succeeded in Angoulême by "Emeno frater eius"[270]. The Chronicle of Saint-Maxence records that "Turpio" was killed fighting the Vikings[271]. The Annales Engolismenses record the death "863 IV Non Oct" of "Turpio comes"[272]."
MedLands cites:

     Gauzlin II (?) Comte du Maine died in 914.^1,2
     Gauzlin II (?) Comte du Maine lived at an unknown place ; This is the same person as ”Gauzlin II du Maine” at Wikipédia (FR).² GAV-30.
; See attached image of a chart showing the descent of Hildegardis (who m. Geoffroy I, vicomte de Châteaudun), based on the work of Settipani [2000].^3,4 He was Comte du Maine between 893 and 895.²

     Gauzbert (?) was living in 912.¹

     Kunizza (?) married Rocho von Diessen Graf von Dießen.¹

Kunizza (?) died on 6 March 1120.¹

     Ottokar III (?) Margrave of Styria was born in 1124.¹ He married Kunigunde (?) of Chamb-vohburg, daughter of Diepold III (?) von Geiengen, Markgraf von Vohburg and Kunigunde (?) von Beichlingen, before 1146.^1,2

Ottokar III (?) Margrave of Styria died on 31 December 1164.¹
      ; Per Wikipedia:
     "Ottokar III (1124 – December 31, 1164) was Margrave of Styria from 1129 until 1164. He was the son of Leopold the Strong and Sophia of Bavaria, and father of Ottokar IV, the last of the dynasty of the Otakars. His wife was Kunigunde of Chamb-Vohburg.
     "From the Marburg line of the Counts of Sponheim, he inherited parts of Lower Styria between the Drave and Save rivers in what is today Slovenia. From his uncle, the last Count of Formbach, he inherited the County of Pitten in 1158, which is today in Lower Austria, but remained part of Styria until the 16th century. To improve the connection to that territory, he improved the road across the Semmering Pass, and he also erected a hospital in Spital am Semmering in 1160 and completed the colonization of the area around the Traisen and Gölsen rivers.
     "Ottokar exercised seigniorage over natural resources of his realm, extended territorial rule and minted his own coins. He also founded the Augustinian monastery of Vorau Abbey and founded and supported the Carthusian monastery of Seitz.
     "From the Second Crusade, he brought Byzantine craftsmen to Styria.
     "He was buried in his foundation at Seitz, but his body was later transferred to Rein Abbey in Styria."¹

; Margrave of Styria.¹

     Kunigunde (?) of Chamb-vohburg married Ottokar III (?) Margrave of Styria, son of Leopold (?) Mgve of Austria, Mkgf v.Steyr and Sofie (?) von Bayern, before 1146.^1,4

     Reference: Genealogics cites: Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag Marburg., Detlev Schwennicke, Editor, Reference: XVI 78.⁴ Kunigunde (?) of Chamb-vohburg was also known as Kunigunde (?) von Vohburg.⁴

     Williberg (?) married Ottokar I (?) Count in the Bavarian Chiemgau, Margrave of Styria.²

     Ottokar I (?) Count in the Bavarian Chiemgau, Margrave of Styria married Williberg (?), daughter of Adalbero (?) of Eppenstein, Duke of Carinthia, Margrave of Verona and Beatrix (?) of Swabia.¹

Ottokar I (?) Count in the Bavarian Chiemgau, Margrave of Styria died on 29 March 1075.¹
      ; Per Wikipedia:
     "Ottokar I, also Otakar (died 29 March 1075) was count in the Bavarian Chiemgau and Margrave of Styria from 1056 until his death. He became progenitor of the dynasty of the Otakars.
Biography
     "He was the son of Count Otakar V in the Chiemgau (died 1020) and his wife, a daughter of Count Arnold II of Wels-Lambach who had been appointed margrave upon the deposition of Duke Adalbero of Carinthia by Emperor Conrad II in 1035.
     "Ottokar is documented as a count in the eastern Chiemgau about 1048. By his mother he inherited extended allodial lands and the margravial title in the Traungau region around the fortress of Steyr. He also served a Vogt (reeve) of the Lambach, Traunkirchen, Obermünster, and Persenbeug monasteries and was co-founder of Admont Abbey.
     "From 1056, he appeared as margrave of the Carantanian march, later to be known as the March of Styria (German: Steiermark, after the town of Steyr, where Ottokar was count). In the rising Investiture Controversy he remained a loyal supporter of King Henry IV. Ottokar died in Rome, while on a pilgrimage to the Holy Land.
Marriage and children
     "He married Willibirg of Eppenstein, possibly a daughter of Duke Adalbero of Carinthia. The later margraves Adalbero and Ottokar II were his sons. The elder Adalbero succeeded his father but fell out with his younger brother Ottokar II during the Investiture Controversy, was banned and finally murdered in 1082.
Sources
** Brunner, Karl (1994). Herzogtümer und Marken. Vom Ungarnsturm bis ins 12. Jahrhundert (in German). Wien: Ueberreuter. pp. 907–1156. ISBN 3-8000-3532-4.¹ He was Margrave of Styria between 1056 and 1075.

     Kunigunde (?) von Beichlingen married Diepold III (?) von Geiengen, Markgraf von Vohburg, son of Diepold II (?) von Giengen, Markgraf in Nordgau and Liutgard (?) von Zähringen,
;
His 2nd wife; her 2nd husband.¹
Kunigunde (?) von Beichlingen died on 8 June 1140.¹
     Reference: Genealogics cites: Europäische Stammtafeln, Band I, Frank Baron Freytag von Loringhoven, 1975, Isenburg, W. K. Prinz von. Page 42.¹

     Wauthier III de Ligne was born circa 1215.¹
Wauthier III de Ligne died in 1236.¹ He married Julienne de Rozoy, daughter of Nicolas de Rozoy and (?) de Plomion, in February 1237
;
His 2st wife.^2,1 Wauthier III de Ligne married Alix d'Aspremont, daughter of Saint Gobert VI d'Aspremont Sire d'Aspremont et de Dun and Julienne de Rozoy Dame de Chaumont, in 1248
;
His 2nd wife.¹
     Reference: Genealogics cites: Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag Marburg., Detlev Schwennicke, Editor, Reference: 6:90..¹

; Per Genealogics: "Wauthier III de Ligne was the son of Wauthier II de Ligne and Marguerite de Fontaines-l'Eveque. Wauthier married twice, first in February 1237 with Julienne de Rozoy, daughter of Nicolas de Rozoy. Julienne died childless before 1245. In 1248 Wauthier married Alix d'Aspremont, daughter of Gobert VI d'Aspremont, sire d'Aspremeont et de Dun, and Julienne de Rozoy, dame de Chaumont. They became the parents of Jean, Fastré, Arnould, Gérard, Catherine and Mahaut, only Jean married and had progeny. Wauthier de Ligne was mentioned in documents between 1236 and 1295."¹

     Nicolas de Rozoy married (?) de Plomion.²

Nicolas de Rozoy died between February 1222 and January 1238.¹

     (?) de Plomion married Nicolas de Rozoy, son of Renaud de Rozoy Sire de Rozoy et de Château-Porcien and Clemence (?) de Roucy.¹

     Reference: Genealogics cites: Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag Marburg., Detlev Schwennicke, Editor, Reference: 13:148.¹

     Julienne de Rozoy married Wauthier III de Ligne in February 1237
;
His 2st wife.^1,2
Julienne de Rozoy died before 1245.¹
     Reference: Genealogics cites: Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag Marburg., Detlev Schwennicke, Editor, Reference: 6:90.¹

     Elisabeth van Sevenbergen married Jean de Ligne Seigneur de Ponthoir et d'Ollignies, son of Wauthier III de Ligne and Alix d'Aspremont, circa 1277.¹

     Reference: Genealogics cites: Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag Marburg., Detlev Schwennicke, Editor, Reference: 6:90.¹

     Lewis Wydeville died; died in childhood.¹ He was born circa 1438.¹