Person Page - 225

     Theodoric VI 'le Trésorier' (?) Comte d'Autun was born circa 808. He was born circa 825.²
Theodoric VI 'le Trésorier' (?) Comte d'Autun died between 882 and 883.¹
      ; Per Med Lands:
     "THEODERIC [VI] "le Trésorier", son of --- (-882 or 883). A document issued by Charles II "le Chauve" King of the West Franks dated Nov 853 names "Pardulus episcopus, Altmarus, Theodacrus" as missi in "Lauduniso, Portiano, Suessonico, Urciso et Vadiro"[378]. A list of those who swore allegiance to Charles II "le Chauve" King of the West Franks at Reims, dated "V Non Iul 854", names "Teudacrus…" first among those who had previously sworn allegiance[379]. An agreement dated 6 Mar 870 between Charles II "le Chauve" King of the West Franks and his brother Ludwig II "der Deutsche" King of the East Franks names "Ingelramnus comes" as representative of the former and, as present, "Adalelmus comes, Ingelramnus comes, Liutfridus comes, Theodericus comes, item Adalelmus comes"[380]. An agreement dated 14 Jun 877 of Emperor Charles II "le Chauve", presumably written with his own death in mind, names "…ex comitibus aut Tedericus, aut Balduinus, sive Chuonradus, seu Adalelmus" as those willing to support the emperor's son[381]. Settipani cites various other sources which name "Tetrici comitis Augustudensis" (charter of King Louis II "le Bègue" dated 23 Jan 879), "Theodericus comes" (act of King Carloman dated 30 Nov 880), "Theodericus comes" (letter of King Louis III to Hincmar dated 881)[382]. However, it is not clear whether all these documents refer to the same person named Theoderic. The citations are obviously both West Frankish and East Frankish in origin, a geographical distance which suggests that two different people may be involved. He was invested as Comte d'Autun in 878 by King Louis II "le Bègue". The Annales Bertiniani record his resignation of Autun in 879 after Boso disputed his possession of it[383]. He took the villa of Perrecy on the death of his brother. “Carlomannus…Rex” restored property “villam Taniacum” to the church of Autun, at the request of “Richardi Comiti Augustodensis”, by charter dated 1 Dec 880, the text ending with “Theodoricus Comes ambasciavit”[384].
     "m ---. The name and origin of Theoderic’s wife is not known. Settipani indicates that she was possibly ---, daughter of ---. He cites no source on which he bases this speculation, but presumably it is connected with the introduction of the name Richard into the family of Theoderic [VI][385]."
Med Lands cites: Theodoric VI 'le Trésorier' (?) Comte d'Autun was also known as Thierry I Count in the Autunois.

     Childebrand II (?) Seigneur de Perrecy married Dunne (?) d'Autun, daughter of Thierry (?) d'Autun.¹

Childebrand II (?) Seigneur de Perrecy died between 827 and 836; Med lands says d. 827-836.¹
     Childebrand II (?) Seigneur de Perrecy was also known as Childebrand II (?) Count of Autun.

     Dunne (?) d'Autun married Childebrand II (?) Seigneur de Perrecy, son of Nibelung I (?).¹
Dunne (?) d'Autun was born circa 770.² She was born circa 780.

     Nibelung I (?) was born between 705 and 720.¹
Nibelung I (?) died before 786; Med Lands says d. bef 786; Wikipédia (Fr.) says d. 770-786.^1,3
      ; Per Med Lands:
     "NIBELUNG [I], illegitimate son of CHILDEBRAND [I] & his mistress --- ([705/20]-before 786[302]). Fredegar names Nibelung as son of Childebrand, specifying that he was the continuator of work on the chronicle after his father died[303]. An approximate birth date range of [705/20] is assigned to Nibelung for the purposes only of narrowing the possible birth date ranges of his supposed descendants. A charter dated Apr 754 records a claim by “Fulchardus advocatus...Nivelongo comiti” before “Theoderico comiti” relating to property “in pago Augustidunense in villa Balgiaco...de villa Patriciaco” granted to “Hildebranno” by “Karolus”[304]. “Acbertum et Godebertum missos domini regis Karoli” gave judgment in favour of the abbot of Saint-Vincent and Saint-Germain relating to “silvam...in pago Milidunense in loco...Monte Adraldo”, against “Autbertum comitem” who had unlawfully retained the property which had previously been held by “Hildebrandus comes et filius suus Nevelongus” and had been donated by Charles I King of the Franks to Saint-Germain, by charter dated 14 Aug 791[305]. A charter dated to [866/75], relating to a dispute between "Vulfaldum episcopum” and “Heccardum comitem" concerning land at Perrecy (which the bishop unsuccessfully claimed as property of the church of Bourges), heard before "Leudo episcopus et Adelardus comes missi dominici in comitatu Augustidunense", refers to a charter "de temporibus domni Pipini regis sive de nomen Nivelongi" which allegedly stated that the last-named held the property from Bourges church[306]."
Med Lands cites:

; This is the same person as ”Nibelung Ier” at Wikipédia (Fr.)³

     Childebrand I (?) Lord of Perracy & Bougy died after 762.¹
      ; This is the same person as:
”Childebrand I” at Wikipedia and as
”Childebrand Ier” at Wikipédia (Fr.)^6,7

; Per Med Lands:
     "[CHILDEBRAND (-after 751, maybe after 762). Childebrand is described as "germanus" of Charles "Martel" by the Continuator of Fredegar, in the part which Childebrand himself sponsored[183]. There are three possibilities for the precise parentage of Childebrand: (1) he was the illegitimate son of Pépin "le Gros" by an unknown mistress; (2) he was Pépin’s second son by his second [wife] Chalpais; or (3) he was the son of Chalpais by an earlier marriage. Settipani discusses in detail the arguments in favour of each of these three cases[184]. Each case has its defender, but there appears no way of deciding which is the most likely, especially given the uncertain interpretation of relationship terms such as "germanus" in contemporary sources. Count in Burgundy, Duke in Provence 737/39. A charter dated Apr 754 records a claim by “Fulchardus advocatus...Nivelongo comiti” before “Theoderico comiti” relating to property “in pago Augustidunense in villa Balgiaco...de villa Patriciaco” granted to “Hildebranno” by “Karolus”[185]. Historian, he was the author of part of the continuations of the chronicle of Fredegar written during the reign of King Pépin (751-768).]
     "m ---. The name of Childebrand’s wife is not known."
Med Lands cites:

     Reference: Genealogics cites:

     Hartnid (Hardouin) «dit Nobilis puella» (?) was born circa 797.^1,2,3 He married NN (?) d'Amiens, daughter of Richard (?) d'Amiens, circa 820.³

Hartnid (Hardouin) «dit Nobilis puella» (?) died after 836.³
      ; Leo van der Pas cites: Caroli Magni Progenies Neustadt an der Aisch, 1977. , Siegfried Rosch, Reference: 70.¹

     Gundrada/Gundradis (?) was born between 800 and 810.¹
Gundrada/Gundradis (?) died before 814.¹
      ; Leo van de Pas cites: Caroli Magni Progenies Neustadt an der Aisch, 1977. , Siegfried Rosch, Reference 67.²

     Unruoch di Friuli Count of Ternois was born circa 760.³ He married Engletrude (?) de Paris, daughter of Bego/Begue I (?) Comte de Paris, Marquis of Septimanie and Alpaïs/Alpaide (?) Princess of the Holy Roman Empire.^4,1,5

Unruoch di Friuli Count of Ternois died before 853; Med Lands says d. "13 Nov before 853."^1,5
      ; Per Med Lands:
     "UNRUOCH, son of --- (-13 Nov before 853). A list of Saxons in Westphalia dated Jan/Feb 802 records that "Adalgaudum filium Suigaut habuit Unrocus comis", presumably indicating that the last named had responsibility for the allegiance sworn to the emperor by the first-named[600]. "Comiti Hadalhardus, Fulradus, Unrocus seu Hrocculfus" are named as imperial missi in a document of Emperor Charlemagne dated 806[601]. Einhard names "Unruochus comes" as one of the 15 witnesses of the testament of Emperor Charlemagne dated 811[602]. Einhard's Annales record "Unrochus comes" as one of the signatories of peace with the Vikings in 811[603]. Comte en Ternois 839. "Unrici comitis" signed a charter dated 20 Jun 839 issued by "Folquinus…Morinorum episcopus"[604]. "Undrici comitis" signed a charter dated 29 Jun 839 issued by "Hugo abbas…Sithiensis"[605]. Monk at St Bertin[606].
     "m ENGELTRUDE, daughter of ---. The primary source which names Engeltrude as wife of Unruoch and mother of his children has not yet been identified."
Med Lands cites:

Reference: Genealogics cites: Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag Marburg., Detlev Schwennicke, Editor, Reference: II 188A.¹ GAV-32 EDV-33 GKJ-33. Unruoch di Friuli Count of Ternois was also known as Hunroch (Unruoch) Count of Friuli, Count of Ternoise.^6,7

; Per Wikipedia:
     "Unruoch II (also known as Unroch II) (died 853) was a Frankish nobleman and friend of Charlemagne.[1] In particular, he was witness to the emperor's will in 811.
     "He was the Frankish Duke (Margrave) of Friuli before 846. He may have been the son of Unruoch I of Friuli or Berengar, Count of Friuli. He married Engeltrude (Engletron), daughter of Beggo, Count of Toulouse and had the following issue:
** Eberhard of Friuli, a son, his successor (c. 815-816 – 866), who married Gisela, daughter of Louis the Pious
** Berengar the Wise, a son who was killed in battle (c. 836)
** Amadee of Friuli, a son who became Count of Payn Langres (b. 825)
** Ternois of Friuli, a daughter (b. 825), who married Count Gebhard Nieder-Lahngau
** Alard, Abbot of St. Bertin, a son
** Amadeus, Count of Burgundy, a son (b. 827)
Notes
1. Patrick Wormald; Janet L. Nelson (13 December 2007). Lay Intellectuals in the Carolingian World. Cambridge University Press. p. 262. ISBN 978-0-521-83453-7."⁸ He was Margrave of Friuli.⁹

     Engletrude (?) de Paris was born circa 760.³ She married Unruoch di Friuli Count of Ternois, son of Berenger (?).^1,4,5

     GAV-32 EDV-33 GKJ-33.

; Genealogics cites: Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag Marburg., Detlev Schwennicke, Editor, Reference: II 188A.⁶

; Per Wikipedia (Fr.): "selon Maurice Chaume et selon Michael Mitterauer, une fille Engeltrude qui épouse Unroch I., cte en Alémanie et duc du Frioul.⁷"

     Karlmann/Carloman (?) King of Bavaria and Italy was born circa 830 at Germany (now); Genealogy.EU (Carolin 1 page) says b. bef 828.^2,1 He married Liutswind/Litwinde (?), daughter of Unknown (?), in 850
; She was his Mistress, not his wife.^2,1,6
Karlmann/Carloman (?) King of Bavaria and Italy died on 3 April 880; dsp.⁷
Karlmann/Carloman (?) King of Bavaria and Italy died on 29 September 880 at Öttingen, Germany (now).^8,1,2
      ; Karloman, King of Bavaria 865, King of East Franks (876-880), King of Italy (877-880), *by 828, +Öttingen 22/29.9.880; 1m: Liutswinde N; 2m: N von Nordgau.¹

; Leo van de Pas cites: Caroli Magni Progenies Neustadt an der Aisch, 1977. , Siegfried Rosch, Reference: 94.² He was King of Bavaria in 865.^9,1,2 He was King of Italy between 877 and 880.^1,2 He was King of the East Franks between 878 and 880.¹

     Oda (?) von Billung, Margravine of East Saxony was born between 805 and 806 at Thuringen, Germany (now).^3,5 She married Liudolf I "the Great" (?) Margrave of East Saxony, son of Bruno (?) Graf von Sachsen, circa 836.^1,7,5,8

Oda (?) von Billung, Margravine of East Saxony died on 17 May 913 at Saxony (Sachsen), Germany (now).^3,5
Oda (?) von Billung, Margravine of East Saxony was buried after 17 May 913 at Brunshausen Abbey Church, Bad Gandersheim, Landkreis Northeim, Lower Saxony (Niedersachsen), Germany (now); From Find A Grave:
     BIRTH     806, Thüringen, Germany
     DEATH     17 May 913 (aged 106–107), Saxony (Sachsen), Germany
     Nobility, Margravine of East Saxony. She was the daughter of a count Billung and his wife Aeda/Adelais (who might have been a daughter of Pepin of Italy) and was raised at the Abbey of Herford. She married Liudolf sometime between 825 and 835 and gave birth to eight children. Their son Otto I ("The Illustrious"), succeeded his father and their daughter Liutgard married Louis III "the Younger", King of the East Franks. The couple founded the Abbey in Brunshausen (today a part of Gandersheim) which was four years later moved to Gandersheim. Three of her daughters were the first three abbesses of this abbey. She survived seven of her children and died in 913 at the age of 107.
     Family Members
     Spouse
      Liudolf Duke of von Sachsen 805–864
     Children
      St. Bruno Von Sachsen unknown–880
      Luitgard Of Saxony unknown–885
      Otto I of Saxony unknown–912
      Christina of Saxony unknown–919
      Waldrada d'Alsace
      Oda von Sachsen von Stade
      Hathumoda of Gandersheim 840–874
      Gerberga of Saxony 842–897
     BURIAL     Brunshausen Abbey church, Bad Gandersheim, Landkreis Northeim, Lower Saxony (Niedersachsen), Germany
     Created by: Lutetia
     Added: 5 Aug 2006
     Find A Grave Memorial 15154856
     SPONSORED BY Christian H. F. Riley.³
      ; Per Med Lands:
     "LIUDOLF, son of BRUNO & his wife --- (-11 Mar 866, bur Brunshausen). Brun was named as father of Liudolf in the early 13th century Gandersheimer Reimchronik[126], but no earlier source has so far been found which confirms the relationship. The Chronicon Hildesheimense records that Liudolf founded the abbey of Gandersheim in 852, first at Brunshausen[127]. Widukind records that "Liudulfus" transferred relics of Pope Innocent to Rome[128]. The Annales Alamannicorum record "Ludolfus dux Saxoniæ avus Heinrici" among those who swore allegiance in 864[129]. The Annales Xantenses record the death in 866 of "Liudolfus comes a septentrione"[130].
     "m ODA, daughter of BILLUNG princeps & his wife Aeda (-17 May 913). The Carmen de Primordiis Cœnobii Gandersheimensis names the wife of "Liudulfus" as "Oda…Francorum…de stirpe potentum, filia Billungi…atque Aedæ"[131]. "Oda comitissa, Pipini regis Italiæ ex filia neptis, Hliudolfi Ducis vidua" founded Kloster Calbe an der Milde, by charter dated 885[132]. "Arnolfus…rex" confirmed donations of his predecessor of land "in pago Nordthuringa dicto in comitatu Liudulfi in loco Uuanzleua" to Kloster Gandersheim naming "fideli costræ in sanctimoniali habitu constitutæ…Odæ" by an undated charter, placed in the compilation among charters dated [891/92], which names "filia eius Gerberga abbatissa"[133]. "Otto…rex" confirmed privileges to Kloster Gandersheim "avo illius Sigihardo comiti in pago Chiemihgovue in comitatu Sigihardi" to "comiti nostro Eberhart" by charter dated 4 May 947 in which he names "proavo nostro Liutulfo…et eius coniuge Oda…et avo nostro Ottone" recalling their involvement in the foundation of the monastery[134]."
Med Lands cites:

; Per Genealogy.EU (Liudolfing: “Liudolf, Mgve of East Saxony, *804, +866/874; m.Oda (*796), dau.of Billung /OR Warin, Bp of Hildesheim”.¹

; Per Genealogics:
     “Oda was born about 805 or 806, the daughter of Count Billung and his wife Aeda. She married Liudolf, a count in Saxony, about the year 836 and they had eleven or twelve children. Oda died on 17 May 913, aged 107, and was buried in the Abbey of Gandersheim, which she had founded in 881. In the tenth century, more than half a century after Oda's death, Oda's descendant Gerberga, who was abbess of Gandersheim, recorded some family details. Hrotsvita, a nun at Gandersheim, wrote a poem _Carmen de primordiis coenobii Gandersheimensis_ which stated that Oda died aged 107 in 913. Hrotsvita also named Oda's parents as the ruler (or prince) Billung and Aeda (_'fila Bilungi cuiusdam principis almi atque bonae famae generosae scilicet Aeda'_).”.⁵

; per Peter Stewart and Leo van de Pas:
""Leo van de Pas"" wrote in message
news:000a01c52d94$9ae16680$c3b4fea9@email...
> > ES volume 1, by Prinz von Isenburg and Freytag von Loringhoven, Tafel 3
> > This page begins with Liudolf, Duke in Saxony born about 806, died 866.
> > About 836 he marries Oda, daughter of Count Billung I. She is born in 806
> > and dies in May 913 (107 years old).
> >
> > ES Schwennicke volume 1.1 Tafel 10
> > Here they call Liudolf only a count, no year of birth but he dies 11 March
> > 866.
> > His wife Oda is recorded as a daughter of princeps Billung and Aeda. Here
> > she is born 805/806 and died 17 May 913.
> >
> > Caroli Magni Progenies by Siegfried Rösch, page 95
> > Here Liudolf is called a Saxony count (not count of or in Saxony) and Oda
> > is a daughter of Count Billung.
> >
> > Does anyone know what the proper identification is for Liudolf? Was he a
> > Duke or only a Count and of what or in what? As intriguing is the father
> > of Oda. Was he a prince or a Count and again of what?
     "Titles were not strictly regulated at the time of Liudolf - he is called "count" just as were other men who also used the title "duke" on occasions. In his case, for instance, he was named as "Liudolfus comes" in Annales Xantenses relating his death in 866, while he had earlier been described as "dux Saconiae".
     "For his wife Oda we have a source that might be considered less than ideal, a poem ('Carmen de primordiis coenobii Gandersheimensis') by the nun Hrotsvita, stating that she was aged 107 at her death in 913, hence the birthdate calculated as 905/6. Hrotsvita also named her parents as the ruler (or prince) Billung and Aeda ("fila Billungi cuiusdam principis almi atque bonae famae generosae scilicet Aeda').
     "It has been speculated that Oda was related to the Popponids and Robertians (who transmitted the masculine form of her name, Odo or Eudes), and that she brought to the family of Liudolf the lordship of Aschaffenburg, the old political centre of the east Frankish kingdom, but there is no direct evidence for this. Peter Stewart."^9,10

Reference: Genealogics cites:
1. Stammtafeln zur Geschichte der Europäischen Staaten, 4 volumes, Marburg, 1953, 1975., W. K. Prinz von Isenburg, Reference: I 3.
2. Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag, Marburg, Schwennicke, Detlev (Ed.) 1.1:10.⁵ GAV-30.

     Bruno (?) Graf von Sachsen was born circa 786.²
Bruno (?) Graf von Sachsen died before 844.²
     GAV-31 EDV-32 GKJ-33.

; Per Med Lands:
     "Three brothers, parents not known, although the primary source which confirms this relationship has not yet been identified. It is assumed that the brothers were related to Bruno and his son Ekbert (see above). If this is correct, from a chronological point of view they may have been brothers of Ekbert. It is also possible that the relationship was through Ekbert's mother.
Med Lands cites:

; Per Genealogy.EU (Liudolfing): “Berno; m.Hazela of Saxony; they had a son, Liudolf”.³ Bruno (?) Graf von Sachsen was also known as Berno (?)³

     Gisla (?) von Verla was born in 772 at Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany (now).¹
Gisla (?) von Verla was buried at Stiftskirche Gandersheim, Bad Gandersheim, Landkreis Northeim, Lower Saxony (Niedersachsen), Germany (now); From Find A Grave:
     BIRTH     772, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany
     DEATH     unknown, Haute-Normandie, France
     Family Members
     Parents
          Wittekind von Sachsen 735–807
          Geva Eysteinsdottir 750 – unknown
     Spouse
          Brunhart II von Sachsen 756–813
     Siblings
          Gerswinde von Sachsen
     Children
          Billung von Sachsen 780–850
          Brunhart III von Sachsen 796–843
     BURIAL     Stiftskirche Gandersheim, Bad Gandersheim, Landkreis Northeim, Lower Saxony (Niedersachsen), Germany
     Created by: Memerizion
     Added: 28 Mar 2015
     Find A Grave Memorial 144271263.¹
      ; Per Med Lands:
     "WIDUKIND (-7 Jan 810). The Royal Frankish Annals record that Widukind rebelled against the authority of Charles I King of the Franks, who had invaded and subdued Saxony, and fled to Denmark ["Nordmannia"] in 777[15]. The Annales Laurissenses state that "Widochindis rebellis" was the only Saxon who did not submit to the Franks in 777[16]. Widukind incited another revolt in 778 while King Charles was campaigning in Spain, but was defeated near Leisa on the river Eder[17]. The Annales Laurissenses record that Charles I King of the Franks sent his missus "Amelwinum" to besiege "Widochindum et Abbionem" in 785, that they surrendered and were baptised at "Attiniacum villa"[18]. Adam of Bremen records that "Widichind" surrendered and accepted baptism in 785[19].
     "m ([775]) GEVA, sister of SIGURD first "King of Haithabu", daughter of --- ([755]-). This marriage is shown in Europäische Stammtafeln[20] in the outline genealogy of a family referred to as "Kings of Haithabu", doubts about which are discussed in chapter 1 of the document DENMARK KINGS. The primary source on which it is based has not been identified."
Med Lands cites:

     Bilichilde (?) married Hugues I (?) Comte de Maine, son of Rotger/Roger (?) Comte de Maine and Rothilde (?) of Neustria, Princess of France, Countess of Bourges & of Maine.¹

      ; Per Med Lands:
     "HUGUES [I] du Maine ([890]-[26 Mar 931/Sep 960]). Charles III "le Simple" King of the West Franks confirmed donations of property "in comitatu quoque Cœnomannico" made by "Hugo comes et mater sua Rothildis", at the request of "genitrix nostra Adeleidis et…comes Hugo consanguineus, necnon et…comes Ecfridus" by charter dated 1 Nov 900[86]. This presumably indicates that Hugues's father was already dead at the time, and that Hugues himself was still a minor under the guardianship of his mother. If his mother's origin is correctly identified as shown above, Hugues could have been no more than ten years old at the time. It is assumed that "comes Hugo consanguineus" and "Hugo comes…" named in this charter were the same person, although this is not beyond all doubt. If it is correct, the consanguinity would have been through Hugues's mother who was King Charles's paternal aunt as shown above. He succeeded his father in [900] as Comte du Maine. His parentage is further confirmed by the charter dated 3 May 929 under which Hugues, future duc des Francs, returned property to Saint-Martin de Tours, subscribed by "Hugonis comitis filii Rotgerii comitis"[87]. Flodoard records that in 924 Raoul King of France granted Maine to "Hugoni filio Rotberti"[88] who, as noted below, was married to the sister of Hugues [I] Comte du Maine. It is not known whether this grant resulted in Comte Hugues [I] being temporarily dispossessed, or whether the appointment amounted to replacing Hugues (future Duc des Francs) as suzerain over Maine instead of the king. The latter is more probable as Comte Hugues [I] subscribed the charter of [Duc] Hugues dated 929, which indicates a continuing relationship between the two. ["Willelmi comitis, Hugoni comitis, item Hugoni, Savarici vicecomitis, Kadeloni vicecomitis, Adraldi vicecomitis, Radulfi vicecomitis…" subscribed the charter dated [936/37] ("anno I Ludovico regnante") under which "Senegundis" donated "alodem suum in pago Alienense, in vicaria Basiacinse in villa…Fornax…" to St Cyprien, Poitiers[89]. Settipani suggests that "Hugonis comitis" can reasonably identified as Hugues [I] Comte du Maine[90].] "Hugonis ducis, filiorum eius Othonis et Hugonis, Odonis comitis, Hugonis comitis Cenomannorum, Hervei comitis Mauritaniæ, Lamberti vicecomitis" subscribed the charter dated 25 Jun 954 under which "Lambertus filius Ansberti cum Girberga sorore mea…" donated property "in territorio Corbonensi" to Chartres Saint-Père[91]. "Teutbaldi comitis, Teutbaldi junioris, Gausfredi comitis, Hugonis comitis Cenomannorum…" subscribed the charter dated Sep 960 under which "Aremburgis" donated property to Saint-Florent de Saumur[92]. "Hugonis comitis Cenomannorum" in these two documents could either refer to Hugues [I] or Hugues [II].
     "m ---."
Med Lands cites:
; See attached image of a chart showing the descent of Hildegardis (who m. Geoffroy I, vicomte de Châteaudun), based on the work of Settipani [2000].^1,3 GAV-29.

     Hugues de Reynel Comte de Reynel married Hadwide de Montreuil-Thiécourt.¹

Hugues de Reynel Comte de Reynel died before 1127.¹
      ; Per Med Lands:
     "HUGUES de Reynel, son of THIBAUT Comte de Reynel & his [first] wife Ermentrude de Roucy/Ramerupt (-before 1127). The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "Hugonem et Hildegardem, matrem Ebali de Buxi et de Montforti" as children of "Theobaldo comiti de Rimnello" & his wife Ermentrude[748]. "Teobaudus comes de Risnello" donated property to the abbey of Molesme with the consent of "uxore sua Petronilla et filiis suis Hugone et Arnulfo" by charter dated to [1076/1100][749]. Comte de Reynel. Henri Bishop of Toul confirmed donations made to La Crète, including “terram itaque grangiæ de Haydoiz de trium villarum Temprouh, Brichenville, Allenville territoriis fundatæ” donated by “domino Hugone comite Rinelli et filiis eius Hernulfe et Hayrardo, et Hugone domino de Fischa assensu et laude uxoris suæ Bergerolæ, et domini Gaufridi de Jonivilla et uxoris suæ Felicitatis”, by charter dated 1158[750].
     "m HADWIDE de Montreuil-Thiécourt, daughter of ---. The primary source which confirms her marriage has not yet been identified."
Med Lands cites:

     Liutswind/Litwinde (?) married Karlmann/Carloman (?) King of Bavaria and Italy, son of Ludwig/Louis II 'the German' (?) Holy Roman Emperor and Emma/Hemma (?) of Andech, in 850
; She was his Mistress, not his wife.^3,2,4
Liutswind/Litwinde (?) died before 9 March 891.^1,4
      ; Per Med Lands:
     "LIUTSWINDIS ([825/30][176]-before 9 Mar 891). "Arnolfus…rex" gave property at "Ardienga…in ripa fluvioli…Semita" previously owned by "mater nostra bonæ memoriæ Liutswind" to the church of Salzburg by charter dated 9 Mar 891[177]. The logic for the possible earlier marriage of Liutswindis prior to her relationship with King Karloman is explained below under her possible daughter.
     "[m ---.] Mistress ([849/50]) of KARLOMAN, son of LUDWIG II "der Deutsche" King of the East Franks & his wife Emma [Welf] ([830]-Altötting, Bavaria 12 Mar or 29 Sep 880)."
Med Lands cites:

     Awruta Al Kassi married Amuna/Amunia d'Angoulême, daughter of Vulgrin I (?) Comte d'Angoulême et de Perigord and Regelindis (Roselinde) (?) de Septimanie, comtesse d'Agen, circa 885
;
Her 1st husband.¹
      ; Per Racines et Histoire (Angoulême): "? Amuna d’Angoulême ° ~875 + ~905 comtesse d’Agen
postérité Fezensac, Armagnac."¹

      ; Per Med Lands:
     "IMMO . His parentage is established by the charter dated 2 Nov 889 under which "Vulfardus" donated property to Saint-Benoît-sur-Loire for the souls of "genitoris mei Vulfardi et genetrice mea Susannane necnon et germanorum fratrum meorum Adelardo, Vulgrino, Ymo et sorore mee Hildeburga vel nepote meo Vulgrino"[221]."
Med Lands cites: [221] Saint-Benoît-sur-Loire XXXI, p. 85.²

Reference: Genealogics cites: Caroli Magni Progenies Neustadt an der Aisch, 1977, Rösch, Siegfried, 87.¹

     Foulques-Bertrand I (?) Comte de Provence was born in 1002.⁷ He married Hildegarde/Ermengarde? (?) de Toulouse, daughter of Guillaume III Taillefer (?) Comte de Toulouse, d’Albi et du Quercy and Emma (?) de Provence, Comtesse de Provence et comtesse de Toulouse, circa 1030.^2,1

Foulques-Bertrand I (?) Comte de Provence died circa 27 April 1051.⁸
     GAV-28.

     Guillaume III 'the Pious' (?) Comte de Provence was born circa 985; Med Lands says b. 986/987; Genealogics says b. ca 985.^15,2,4 He married Gerberge de Mâcon, daughter of Otto-Guillaume I (?) Comte de Bourgogne, Cte de Mâcon et de Nevers, King of Lombardy and Ermentrude/Irmgard de Roucy Countess of Rheims, circa 1002.^{5,7,16,3,4,17,18}

Guillaume III 'the Pious' (?) Comte de Provence died before 30 May 1018.^13,16
      ; Per Med Lands:
     "GERBERGE de Mâcon ([985]-[1020/23]). Rodulfus Glaber states that "Willemus…Arelatensis" married one of the daughters of "Willemus, Henrici ducis priuignus, Adalberti Longobardorum ducis filius" & his wife but does not name her[99]. She is named in several charters of Saint-Victor de Marseille. "Wilelmus comes Provincie coniugisque mea Girberga cum filio nostro Wilelmo" donated property to Saint-Victor de Marseille by charter dated 1013[100]. "Adalax comitissa mater Villelmi quondam Provintie comitis et Geriberga eque comitissa…eiusdem principis olim uxor" donated property to Saint-Victor de Marseille for the soul of their late son and husband respectively by charter dated 1018[101]. "Geriberga comitissa" donated property to Saint-Victor de Marseille for the soul of "senioris mei Guilelmi comitis Provincie" and for "filiorumque nostrorum…Wilelmo, Fulcho, Jozfredus" by charter dated 1019[102].
     "m ([1002]) GUILLAUME III Comte de Provence, son of GUILLAUME II Comte de Provence et d'Arles & his second wife Adelais [Blanche] d'Anjou (-1018 before 30 May)."
Med Lands cites:

; "Markus Welschhoff" wrote:
>> Who knows the mother of Ermegarde d'Auvergne, wife of Eudes II de Blois. She was born about 995 and died on march 1040. I think, her father was Robert II d'Auvergne, but was her mother Ermegarde/Humberga of Toulouse or of Arles? And why the two names Ermegarde and Humberga, is she the same?

In a post by Todd Farmerie (see below), the mother of Ermengarde d'Auvergne would evidently be Ermengarde de Brioude, daughter of Étienne de Brioude, Count of Gévaudan, and Adele d'Anjou, who married Robert III, Count d'Auvergne, d. 1032. (IIRC, Weis has no, or a different ancestry). Ermengarde/Humberga are simply variants of the same name, I'd guess the former being of french derivation; the latter, german..... There is more information, esp on the De Brioude ancestry, in the archives....

From: Todd A. Farmerie (farmerie@interfold.com)
Subject: Re: Adelaide d'Anjou (was Tiburge d'Orange)
Date: 2000/07/30

>> Who are ALL of her ["her" referring to Adele d'Anjou, who married three times and was the grandmother of Ermengarde d'Auvergne] children (with the correct fathers)?
Stasser gives her the following:
by Etienne de Brioude:
by Raymond:
by Guillaume II of Provence:
taf

JBunot
Jan 24, 2005, 3:14:22 PM
In his recent La Noblesse du Midi Carolingien,Christian Settipani has a slightly different version for the ancestry of Ermengarde d’Auvergne, comtesse of Blois. You will notice that Settipani proposes the existence of another new daughter of Guillaume le Pieux, comte d’Auvergne and duc d’Aquitaine, an Engelberge, married to Dalmatius, vicomte et abbe de Brioude. I am not summarizing his (rather convincing though circumstancial) argument in favor of this hypothesis because of its exceptional density and invite you simply to read it and make yourself an opinion. It is based (as usual) on onomastics and also the transmission of important properties in Auvergne. Jean Bunot.
It goes like this :
1. Ermengarde d’Auvergne (+ 1042), m. 1005, Eudes II, comte de Blois, Chartres, Tours, Troyes, Meaux et Sancerre (+ 1037)
2. Robert I, comte d’Auvergne 1010/16 (+ 1022/43)
3. m. c. 990/95, Ermengarde de Gevaudan (+ after 1010), half-sister of Constance d’Arles, queen of France
4. Guillaume, vicomte de Clermont, comte d’Auvergne 989 (+ 1003/13)
5. Humberge (+ 1016)
6. Etienne, comte de Gevaudan, vicomte-abbé de Brioude (+ c. 975)
7. m. c. 970, Adelaide d’Anjou (+ after 1026)
8. Robert II, vicomte de Clermont 962 (+ 962/74)
9. Engelberge de Brioude, dame en partie de Beaumont (+ after 962)
12. Bertrand, vicomte de Gevaudan 925/39 (+939/54)
13. Emilgarde de Brioude
14. Foulques II le Bon, comte d’Anjou (+ 958)
15. m. 937, Gerberge de Gatinais (+ c. 952)
16. Robert I, vicomte de Clermont 915/62
17. Adalgarde/Aldearde
18. Dalmatius, vicomte-abbe de Brioude 922/47 (+ 947/54)
19. Engelberge (possibly d’Auvergne) (+ after 962)
24. Heraclius, seigneur d’Antoing 892/926
25. Goda
26. Etienne, vicomte-abbe de Brioude 903
27. Ermengarde, sister of a Dalmatius, noble d’Auvergne
32. Eustorge, noble d’Auvergne
33. Arsinde de Velay
34. Hubert, noble d’Auvergne
35. ép. Ermengarde
36. Etienne, vicomte-abbe de Brioude 903
37. Ermengarde, sister of a Dalmatius, noble d’Auvergne
38. possibly Guillaume le Pieux, comte d’Auvergne et de Macon, duc d’Aquitaine, abbe laique de Brioude (+ 918)
39. possibly Engelberge de Provence
48. Vivien, seigneur d’Antoing (+ after 898)
52. Rigaud, noble d’Auvergne (+ before 903)
53. Ne... de Velay
66. Armand, vicomte de Velay 895 (+ c. 913)
67. Bertilde d’Antoing 895 (+ 913/26)
72. Rigaud, noble d’Auvergne (+ before 903)
73. Ne... de Velay
76. Bernard II Plantevelue, comte d’Auvergne et de Toulouse, marquis de Gothie (+ after 883)
77. ép. Ermengarde d’Auvergne
78. Boson, roi de Provence
79. Ermengarde d’Italie
96. Berteland, noble d’Auvergne
97. Viviana
106. Claudius, vicomte de Velay 877/900 (+ c. 900)
107. Engelmode
132. Claudius, vicomte de Velay 877/900 (+ c. 900)
133. Engelmode
134. Berteland, noble d’Auvergne
135. Viviana
146. Claudius, vicomte de Velay 977/900 (+ c. 900)
147. Engelmode
152. Bernard, comte d’Auvergne, marquis de Gothie 824/44, s/o saint Guillaume, comte et duc de Toulouse and Cunegonde
153. Dhuoda/Doda de Gascogne
154. Bernard, comte d’Auvergne (+ 868)
155. Liedgarde (+ after 868)
156. Buvinus, comte de Metz, abbe laique de Gorze 842/62
157. Ne... d/o Boson le Vieux, comte d’Arles et en Italie
158. Louis II, roi d’Italie, empereur
159. Engelberge.¹⁹


Reference: Genealogics cites: Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag Marburg., Detlev Schwennicke, Editor, Reference: II 187.


Geneagraphie cites:

; Per The Henry Project:
     "Guillaume II (or III), d. 4 March 1019, marquis of Provence; m. Gerberge, living 1019, daughter of Otte-Guillaume, count of Burgundy.
     "Guillaume appears with his wife Gerberge in several charters [e.g., 1013: "Ego Wilelmus, comes Provinciæ, conjuxque mea Girberga, una cum filio nostro nomine Wilelmo..." Cart. S.-Victor de Marseille, 1: 639 (#646); 1018: "ego Vuillelmus comes et uxor mea Gisberga ..." Manteyer (1908), 271, citing Cart. de Saint-André; 1019: "Ego Geriberga comitissa, una cum consensu filiorum optimatumque nostrorum ... propter remedium animæ senioris mei Guilelmi, comitis Provincie ..." Cart. S.-Victor de Marseille, 1: 642 (#649)]. [Poly (1976), 175 n. 22, cites Cat. actes Provence #82 (not seen by me) for his date of death.]"⁹

; This is the same person as ”William II, Count of Provence” at Wikipedia and as ”Guillaume II de Provence” at Wikipédia (FR).^21,22 GAV-27 EDV-27.

; Per Med Lands:
     "GUILLAUME [III] de Provence, son of GUILLAUME [II] Comte de Provence et d'Arles & his second wife Adelais [Blanche] d´Anjou ([986/87]-1018 before 30 May, bur Abbaye de Montmajour). "Willelmus comes" donated property to Cluny by charter dated 28 Aug [990] signed by "Rodbaldus comes, Adalaix comitissa, Wilelmus comes et filius eius Wilelmus"[260]. "Dominus princeps et marchio istius provinciæ…Willelmus cum coniuge sua…Adelaix et filio suo…Willelmo" restored property to the abbey of Saint-Césaire d´Arles by charter dated 992, subscribed by "Domnus Rotbaldus comes…Willelmus comes filius Rotbaldi et uxor sua Lucia, Wilelmus comes Tolosanus et uxor sua Ema…"[261]. According to Europäische Stammtafeln[262], he was the son of Comte Guillaume by his first wife but the primary source on which this is based has not been identified. It is probably speculative, based on his marriage date, which suggests that he was born earlier than the date of his father's second marriage. In any case, Guillaume's parentage appears to be proved by the charter dated 1005 quoted below. He succeeded his father in 992 as Comte de Provence. "Pontius…Massiliensis ecclesie pontifex" issued a charter dated 1005 with the consent of "domni Rodhbaldi comitis et domne Adalaizis comitisse, domnique Guillelmi comitis filii eius"[263]. "Wilelmus comes Provincie conjuxque mea Girberga cum filio nostro...Wilelmo" donated "in comitatu Sisterico, intra terminos de villa…Manuasca" to Marseille Saint-Victor by charter dated 1013, subscribed by “Wilelmus comes Provincie...domna Guirberga...comitissa, domnus Wilelmus eorum...soboles, Guillelmus vicecomes, Fulco frater eius, Accelena et Odila, Villelmus filius Villemi...”[264].
     "m ([1002]) GERBERGE de Mâcon, daughter of OTHON GUILLAUME Comte de Mâcon [Bourgogne-Comté] & his first wife Ermentrude de Roucy ([985]-[1020/23]). Rodulfus Glaber states that "Willemus…Arelatensis" married one of the daughters of "Willemus, Henrici ducis priuignus, Adalberti Longobardorum ducis filius" and his wife but does not name her[265]. She is named in several charters of Saint-Victor de Marseille. "Wilelmus comes Provincie conjuxque mea Girberga cum filio nostro...Wilelmo" donated "in comitatu Sisterico, intra terminos de villa…Manuasca" to Marseille Saint-Victor by charter dated 1013[266]. "Adalax comitissa mater Villelmi quondam Provintie comitis et Geriberga eque comitissa…eiusdem principis olim uxor" donated property to Saint-Victor de Marseille for the soul of their late son and husband respectively by charter dated 1018[267]. "Geriberga comitissa" donated property to Saint-Victor de Marseille for the soul of "senioris mei Guilelmi comitis Provincie" and for "filiorumque nostrorum…Wilelmo, Fulcho, Jozfredus" by charter dated 1019[268]. "Gisberga comitissa…cum filiis meis Willelmo, Fulcone Bertranno, Gaufredo" donated property to Saint-André-lès-Avignon by charter dated 1019[269]. "
Med Lands cites: He was Comte de Provence
See attached map of the comté de Provence in the 12th century (from Wikipedia: Par Cyril5555 — Travail personnel, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=11913225) between 993 and 1018.^5,23,24

     Gilbert V (?) Comte de Millau-Gevaudan et Vicomte de Carlat was born circa 1055.² He married Gerberga (?) comtesse de Provence, Comtesse d'Arles, daughter of Geoffroy I (?) Marquis et Comte de Provence, Comte d'Arles and Etiennette/Stephanie "Dulcia" (?) de Marseille, between 1073 and 1082
; Genealogics says m. ca 1073; Bunot says m. 1085.^7,1,8,2,4
Gilbert V (?) Comte de Millau-Gevaudan et Vicomte de Carlat died between 1110 and 1111; J Bunot says d. 1110; Genealogics says d. 1111; Med Lands says d. 1110-3 Feb 1112.^9,2,4
     GAV-25 EDV-27 GKJ-27.

; This is the same person as ”Gilbert Ier de Gévaudan” at Wikipédia (FR).¹⁰

Reference: Genealogics cites: .Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag, Marburg, Schwennicke, Detlev (Ed.) 2:187, 3:805.²

; Per Genealogics:
     “Gilbert was born about 1055, the son of Berenguer II, vicomte de Millau-Gévaudan, and Adila, vicomtesse de Carlat. About 1073 he married Gerberga, comtesse d'Arles, daughter of Geoffroy, comte de Provence, comte d'Arles, and Stephanie 'Dulcia' de Marseille. He was viscount of Millau and Lodève, then count of Gévaudan, and after 1093, when Gerberga became countess of Provence, he was count of Provence in her name. Their daughters Douce and Stéphanette would have progeny.
     “Gilbert divided the titles of his parents with his brother Richard. He received Millau and Lodève while his brother received Rodez and Carlat. He took advantage of holding lands in the Gévaudan to revive the title of Comte de Gévaudan, which had fallen into disuse for more than a century.
     “In 1096, on the occasion of the refoundation of the church of Toulon, Gilbert provided for the foundation of an abbey on the Stoechades Islands, in the Mediterranean south of Hyères.
     “Gilbert was assassinated in 1111, and the following year Gerberga married her eldest daughter Douce to Ramon Berenguer III el Grande, conde de Barcelona, Provence e Carcassonne, and ceded Provence to them. Their second daughter Stéphanette would lay claim to the county and thus precipitate the Baussenque Wars.”.²

; Per Wikipédia (Fr.): "/1080-1111: Gilbert IV de Carlat (1060/1065-ca 1111), se marie en 1073 avec Gerberge, comtesse de Provence, qui lui donne deux filles, dont :
     1112-1113: Douce de Gévaudan, comtesse de Provence, qui se marie en 1112, et l'année suivante donne ses biens à son mari :
     1113-1131: Raymond Bérenger III le Grand ca 1082-1131, comte de Barcelone et de Provence,”. Gilbert V (?) Comte de Millau-Gevaudan et Vicomte de Carlat was also known as Gilbert I (?) Vcte de Gevaudun.^11,12 Gilbert V (?) Comte de Millau-Gevaudan et Vicomte de Carlat was also known as Gilbert Milhaud Vicomte de Carlat. Gilbert V (?) Comte de Millau-Gevaudan et Vicomte de Carlat was also known as Gilbert IV de Carlat Vicomte de Carlat.¹³ Gilbert V (?) Comte de Millau-Gevaudan et Vicomte de Carlat was also known as Gilberto (?) Visconte di Nimes e Gévaudan.¹⁴

; Per Bunot:
     “30. Girbert, vicomte de Millau-Gevaudan et de Carlat (+ 1110)
     “31. m. 1085, Gerberge, comtesse de Provence (+ 1112/18)”.¹

; Per Med Lands:
     "GIRBERT [Gilbert] (-[1110/3 Feb 1112]). “Berengarius vicecomes de Cartlato et uxor mea Adila et mater uxoris meæ Nobilis” founded Montsalvy monastery, with the consent of “filii nostri Ricardus, Girbertus, Raimundus”, by charter dated to [1060/71][514]. “Allebertus de Caniliaco” swore allegiance to “Berengario nec ad filios tuos Ricard et Girbert” for the château of Canillac and others by undated charter, probably dated to [1080/97][515]. Vicomte de Millau, de Gévaudan, et de Carlat (part). "Gerberti vice comitis" subscribed the charter dated 1100 under which "Petrus Virgilius et frater meus Raimundus" donated "æcclesiam sancti Martini…Priscus…[et] mansum de Roqueta…" to Conques[516]. "...Richardi vicecomitis et fratris eius Girberti..." subscribed the charter dated 1103 under which "nobili...Guidone" donated property to Saint-Chaffre[517]. The Brevi Historia Comitum Provinciæ records the death "circa 1110" of "Gilberto comite Provinciæ" who left a widow "Tiburgia…comitissa" and "Dulcia unica filia"[518]. It should be noted that no primary source has been identified in which Girbert is recorded as comte de Provence during his lifetime.
     "m GERBERGE Ctss de Provence, daughter of --- ([1078/84]-[3 Feb 1112/Jan 1118]). The doubts concerning the parentage of Gerberge are discussed in the document PROVENCE. The Brevi Historia Comitum Provinciæ records the death "circa 1110" of "Gilberto comite Provinciæ" and that he was survived by his widow "Tiburgia…comitissa" and "Dulcia unica filia"[519]. “Girberga comitissa” donated “comitatum...Provinciæ et Gavaldanensis et Carladensis et...honorem...in comitatu Rutenensi”, which came to her “voce parentum meorum et largitione viri mei Girberti comitis patris tui”, to “Dulciæ filiæ meæ” by charter dated 1 Feb 1112[520]. “Gerberga comitissa Arelatensis” granted “filiam meam in conjugium...Dulcem” to “Raymundo Berengarii comiti”, together with “omni honore meo et cum...honore qui fuit Girberti comitis patris puellæ”, by charter dated 3 Feb 1112[521]."
Med Lands cites:

; Per Med Lands:
     "GERBERGE Ctss de Provence, daughter of --- ([1078/84]-[3 Feb 1112/Jan 1118]). The doubts concerning the parentage of Gerberge are discussed above. Ctss de Provence. The Brevi Historia Comitum Provinciæ records the death "circa 1110" of "Gilberto comite Provinciæ" and that he was survived by his widow "Tiburgia…comitissa" and "Dulcia unica filia"[351]. “Girberga comitissa” donated “comitatum...Provinciæ et Gavaldanensis et Carladensis et...honorem...in comitatu Rutenensi”, which came to her “voce parentum meorum et largitione viri mei Girberti comitis patris tui”, to “Dulciæ filiæ meæ” by charter dated 1 Feb 1112[352]. “Gerberga comitissa Arelatensis” granted “filiam meam in conjugium...Dulcem” to “Raymundo Berengarii comiti”, together with “omni honore meo et cum...honore qui fuit Girberti comitis patris puellæ”, by charter dated 3 Feb 1112[353].
     "m GIRBERT Vicomte de Gévaudan, de Millau et de Carlat (part), son of BERENGER [II] Vicomte de Gévaudan et de Millau & his wife Adela Vicomtesse de Carlat (-[1110/Feb 1112]). “Berengarius vicecomes de Cartlato et uxor mea Adila et mater uxoris meæ Nobilis” founded Montsalvy monastery, with the consent of “filii nostri Ricardus, Girbertus, Raimundus”, by charter dated to [1060/71][354]. “Allebertus de Caniliaco” swore allegiance to “Berengario nec ad filios tuos Ricard et Girbert” for the château of Canillac and others by undated charter, probably dated to [1080/97][355]. "Gerberti vice comitis" subscribed the charter dated 1100 under which "Petrus Virgilius et frater meus Raimundus" donated "æcclesiam sancti Martini…Priscus…[et] mansum de Roqueta…" to Conques[356]. "...Richardi vicecomitis et fratris eius Girberti..." subscribed the charter dated 1103 under which "nobili...Guidone" donated property to Saint-Chaffre[357]. The Brevi Historia Comitum Provinciæ records the death "circa 1110" of "Gilberto comite Provinciæ" who left a widow "Tiburgia…comitissa" and "Dulcia unica filia"[358]. It should be noted that no primary source has been identified in which Girbert is recorded as comte de Provence during his lifetime."
Med Lands cites:

; Per Genealogy.EU (Bosonides): “I3. Gerberge, Css de Provence (1093-1112); m.Gilbert I de Gévaudan”.¹²

     Gerberga (?) comtesse de Provence, Comtesse d'Arles was born circa 1058.⁵ She married Gilbert V (?) Comte de Millau-Gevaudan et Vicomte de Carlat, son of Berenguer II (?) vicomte de Millau-Gévaudan and Adila (?) Vicomtesse de Carlat, between 1073 and 1082
; Genealogics says m. ca 1073; Bunot says m. 1085.^1,7,5,8,9
Gerberga (?) comtesse de Provence, Comtesse d'Arles died between 1115 and 1118.^2,5
      ; Per Bunot:
     “30. Girbert, vicomte de Millau-Gevaudan et de Carlat (+ 1110)
     “31. m. 1085, Gerberge, comtesse de Provence (+ 1112/18)”.⁷

; Per Med Lands:
     "GIRBERT [Gilbert] (-[1110/3 Feb 1112]). “Berengarius vicecomes de Cartlato et uxor mea Adila et mater uxoris meæ Nobilis” founded Montsalvy monastery, with the consent of “filii nostri Ricardus, Girbertus, Raimundus”, by charter dated to [1060/71][514]. “Allebertus de Caniliaco” swore allegiance to “Berengario nec ad filios tuos Ricard et Girbert” for the château of Canillac and others by undated charter, probably dated to [1080/97][515]. Vicomte de Millau, de Gévaudan, et de Carlat (part). "Gerberti vice comitis" subscribed the charter dated 1100 under which "Petrus Virgilius et frater meus Raimundus" donated "æcclesiam sancti Martini…Priscus…[et] mansum de Roqueta…" to Conques[516]. "...Richardi vicecomitis et fratris eius Girberti..." subscribed the charter dated 1103 under which "nobili...Guidone" donated property to Saint-Chaffre[517]. The Brevi Historia Comitum Provinciæ records the death "circa 1110" of "Gilberto comite Provinciæ" who left a widow "Tiburgia…comitissa" and "Dulcia unica filia"[518]. It should be noted that no primary source has been identified in which Girbert is recorded as comte de Provence during his lifetime.
     "m GERBERGE Ctss de Provence, daughter of --- ([1078/84]-[3 Feb 1112/Jan 1118]). The doubts concerning the parentage of Gerberge are discussed in the document PROVENCE. The Brevi Historia Comitum Provinciæ records the death "circa 1110" of "Gilberto comite Provinciæ" and that he was survived by his widow "Tiburgia…comitissa" and "Dulcia unica filia"[519]. “Girberga comitissa” donated “comitatum...Provinciæ et Gavaldanensis et Carladensis et...honorem...in comitatu Rutenensi”, which came to her “voce parentum meorum et largitione viri mei Girberti comitis patris tui”, to “Dulciæ filiæ meæ” by charter dated 1 Feb 1112[520]. “Gerberga comitissa Arelatensis” granted “filiam meam in conjugium...Dulcem” to “Raymundo Berengarii comiti”, together with “omni honore meo et cum...honore qui fuit Girberti comitis patris puellæ”, by charter dated 3 Feb 1112[521]."
Med Lands cites:

; Per Genealogics:
     “Gerberga was born in the second half of the 11th century, the daughter of Geoffroy, comte de Provence, comte d'Arles, and Stephanie 'Dulcia' de Marseille. She was the countess of Arles and Provence from 1093 to 1112.
     “About 1092 she married Gilbert, comte de Gevaudan, vicomte de Carlot, son of Berenguer II, vicomte de Millau-Gévaudan, and Adila, vicomtesse de Carlat. Both their daughters would have progeny. Gilbert was assassinated in 1111, and the following year Gerberga married her eldest daughter Douce to Ramon Berenguer III el Grande, conde de Barcelona, Provence e Carcassonne, and ceded Provence to them. Her second daughter Stéphanette would lay claim to the county and thus precipitate the Baussenque Wars.
     “Gerberga died before January 1118, possibly in 1115.”.⁵

Reference: Genealogics cites: Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag, Marburg, Schwennicke, Detlev (Ed.), Reference: II 187.⁵

; This is the same person as ”Gerberga, Countess of Provence” at Wikipedia and as ”Gerberge de Provence” at Wikipédia (FR).^10,11

; NB: There is debate on the parentage of Geberga, cts de Provence.
Per Med Lands:
     "The parentage of Gerberge Ctss de Provence has not been ascertained beyond doubt. According to the Histoire Générale de Languedoc, she was the daughter of Geoffroy [I] Comte de Provence[344]. This connection appears to be speculative, based on an idea first raised in 1664 by Honoré Bouche who, in his Histoire Chronologique de Provence a work which contains inaccuracies but does have the merit of quoting some primary sources, says over-optimistically “[je l]’estime fort vray-semblablement, par presomption et conjecture”[345]. The 28 Jul 1094 charter quoted above indicates that the widow of Comte Geoffroy [I] was representing this branch of the Provence comital family, acting presumably on behalf of her descendant Gerberge who must then have still been under age. Although Gerberge was therefore most likely descended from Geoffroy [I], the chronology of her life suggests the improbability that she was his daughter. The birth of Gerberge´s two daughters, probably dated to the late 1090s (her younger daughter Douce is called “puella” in the 3 Feb 1112 charter quoted below), suggests that Gerberge herself would have been born in [1070/84]. This date range can be narrowed further to [1078/84] if it is correct to deduce from the 28 Jul 1094 charter that Gerberge was then still under age. On the other hand, the marriage of Geoffroy [I] is dated to before 1040, Comte Geoffroy died in [1061/62], and the marriages of his other supposed children are dated to the early 1060s (see above). Szabolcs de Vajay, who assumed that Gerberge was the daughter of Geoffroy [I], suggests that she was at least 30 or 32 years old when she married (he dates the marriage to [1090]) and adds that “on peut se demander si c’était sa première alliance”[346]. However, this does not explain why Etiennette [Douce] made the donation under the charter dated 28 Jul 1094, as Gerberge (or her husband if she was already married) could have made the donation in her own name if she had been of age. Another difficulty is that, if Gerberge was the daughter of Geoffroy, the descendants of Cécile, daughter of Comte Bertrand [II] would have had a superior claim to Provence, although no evidence has been found that any such claim to the county was raised. One possibility that would solve that problem is that Gerberge was born to an otherwise unrecorded older sibling of Cécile (brother or sister) who predeceased his/her father. From a chronological point of view, the result is tight, but does not appear impossible. A further factor is introduced by Manteyer who explains the exclusion of Cécile and her descendants by stating that “la coutume de Provence oubliait, au moment de la mort de leurs parents, les filles précédemment dotées par eux”[347]. Unfortunately he cites no source on which he bases this statement. However, the examples of Gerberge’s two daughters (discussed below) and of Beatrix, daughter of Comte Raymond Berenger IV, both provide other cases which fit the pattern. If Manteyer is right, the best solution to the problem could be that Gerberge was the younger sister of Cécile. From a chronological point of view, that would also appear to be the most likely possibility for Gerberge’s parentage. If Gerberge was the granddaughter of Comte Geoffroy [I], the charter dated 28 Jul 1094 in which her grandmother acted on her behalf suggests that both of Gerberge’s parents must have been deceased at the time."
Med Lands cites:


Per the Bunot email of 22 Feb 2005:
     "Gerberge, comtesse de Provence (1107/12) is traditionally considered a d/o Geoffroy, comte de Provence and Etiennette/Stephanie dite Douce de Marseille. Being heiress of Lower-Provence or Arles, she married in 1083, Girbert, vicomte de Millau-Gevaudan and de Carlat. They had 2 daughters, Douce, comtesse de Barcelone in 1112 and Etiennette/Stephanie, dame de Baux in 1116.
     "Recently, in his acclaimed “La Provence et la societe feodale 879-1166” (1976) in a family chart of the comtes de Provence (fig. 2, p. 34), Jean-Pierre Poly has reassigned Gerberge as a d/o Bertrand, comte de Provence (1055/90) and his wife Mathilde, therefore making her a grand-daughter of comte Geoffroy and a sister of Cecile, vicomtesse d’Albi, Beziers and Carcassonnes (Trencavel). I believe that the reasons
for the revised ancestry are mainly chronological (see below) but also onomastic since the son of Etiennette/Stephanie de Baux is precisely named Bertrand most probably after his most important ancestor, comte Bertrand, and her daughter Matelle/Mathilde de Bigorre would be named after his wife comtesse Mathilde. Lets look more closely at the chronology :
"1) Traditional ancestry of Douce, comtesse de Barcelone


"2) Revised ancestry according to Jean-Pierre Poly (1976)


     "Evidently the chronology works better in the case of the revised ancestry.
Anybody would care to comment or complete the data. In advance thank you. Jean Bunot"


Per: Bunot email of 7 June 2005:
     "Thank you very much for pointing out the fact that the genealogical chart in itself is at variance with the main text which definitely maintains comtesse Gerberge (wife of Girbert, vicomte de Millau-Gevaudan et de Carlat) as a d/o comte Geoffroy and Stephanie/Etiennette dite Douce de Marseille. While not impossible, this traditional parentage for comtesse Gerberge presents in my view several difficulties which might not be after all serious impediments. Namely :
     "a) If find it quite unlikely that comte Bertrand (+ 1090/94) was succeded by his sister (Gerberge) rather than by his fully documented daughter (Cecile), the wife of Bernard Aton, vicomte d'Albi-Beziers-Carcassonne, head of the then very powerful lineage of Trencavel, certainly capable of fighting for and upholding the rights and inheritance of his wife in nearby Provence. Why advantaging the vicomtesse de Gevaudan against her niece the vicomtesse d'Albi ? In does not appear to make sense from a feodal point of view.
     "b) the biological chronology is stretched a bit as we have to imagine that Gerberge would have been born, around 1060/61, to a close to sixty years old father (comte Geoffroy, born c. 1002 and died c. 1060/62), after more than 20 years of marriage (which occured likely c. 1040 or maybe a bit earlier), being almost a posthumus daughter. Not impossible but certainly then a very rare instance for mid 11th century.
So what do you think ? With my compliments, Jean Bunot.


Cristopher Nash wrote:
">> Still tidying up old queries and not having seen a response to the one raised by Jean Bunot under this header, I thought I'd ask whether anyone sees any problem with my suggesting that the chart to which he refers (fig. 2, p. 34) was erroneously drawn and should not be taken as evidence of a new view? I.e. that Poly had meant to confirm - as he does in the body of his text itself, p. 318 - the >traditional ancestry of Douce< and was proposing no new parentage for Gerberge de Provence.
>> Cheers, Cris"


Per "Jeff" email of 7 June 2005:
     "If find it quite unlikely that comte Bertrand (+ 1090/94) was succeded by his sister (Gerberge) rather than by his fully documented daughter (Cecile), the wife of Bernard Aton, vicomte d'Albi-Beziers-Carcassonne, head of the then very powerful lineage of Trencavel, certainly capable of fighting for and upholding the rights and inheritance of his wife in nearby Provence. Why advantaging the
vicomtesse de Gevaudan against her niece the vicomtesse d'Albi ? In does not appear to make sense from a feodal point of view.
     "I think Cecily was specifically excluded from the Provence inheritance: she got money instead. But the succession took a long time to sort out after the expiry of the comital dynasty and the murder of Gilbert: not til 1125 after a long war between barcelona and Toulouse.
     "Then Provence was divided between the Counts of Toulouse and Barcelona, and Forcalquir-urgel.
     "Sorry this is from memory. But surely Poly's book explains all of this?
     "Jeff Barcelona and Toulouse."^12,13,14 GAV-25.

; Per Genealogy.EU (Bosonides): “I3. Gerberge, Css de Provence (1093-1112); m.Gilbert I de Gévaudan”.¹⁵

; Per Med Lands:
     "GERBERGE Ctss de Provence, daughter of --- ([1078/84]-[3 Feb 1112/Jan 1118]). The doubts concerning the parentage of Gerberge are discussed above. Ctss de Provence. The Brevi Historia Comitum Provinciæ records the death "circa 1110" of "Gilberto comite Provinciæ" and that he was survived by his widow "Tiburgia…comitissa" and "Dulcia unica filia"[351]. “Girberga comitissa” donated “comitatum...Provinciæ et Gavaldanensis et Carladensis et...honorem...in comitatu Rutenensi”, which came to her “voce parentum meorum et largitione viri mei Girberti comitis patris tui”, to “Dulciæ filiæ meæ” by charter dated 1 Feb 1112[352]. “Gerberga comitissa Arelatensis” granted “filiam meam in conjugium...Dulcem” to “Raymundo Berengarii comiti”, together with “omni honore meo et cum...honore qui fuit Girberti comitis patris puellæ”, by charter dated 3 Feb 1112[353].
     "m GIRBERT Vicomte de Gévaudan, de Millau et de Carlat (part), son of BERENGER [II] Vicomte de Gévaudan et de Millau & his wife Adela Vicomtesse de Carlat (-[1110/Feb 1112]). “Berengarius vicecomes de Cartlato et uxor mea Adila et mater uxoris meæ Nobilis” founded Montsalvy monastery, with the consent of “filii nostri Ricardus, Girbertus, Raimundus”, by charter dated to [1060/71][354]. “Allebertus de Caniliaco” swore allegiance to “Berengario nec ad filios tuos Ricard et Girbert” for the château of Canillac and others by undated charter, probably dated to [1080/97][355]. "Gerberti vice comitis" subscribed the charter dated 1100 under which "Petrus Virgilius et frater meus Raimundus" donated "æcclesiam sancti Martini…Priscus…[et] mansum de Roqueta…" to Conques[356]. "...Richardi vicecomitis et fratris eius Girberti..." subscribed the charter dated 1103 under which "nobili...Guidone" donated property to Saint-Chaffre[357]. The Brevi Historia Comitum Provinciæ records the death "circa 1110" of "Gilberto comite Provinciæ" who left a widow "Tiburgia…comitissa" and "Dulcia unica filia"[358]. It should be noted that no primary source has been identified in which Girbert is recorded as comte de Provence during his lifetime."
Med Lands cites: She was Css de Provence between 1093 and 1112.¹

     Geoffroy I (?) Marquis et Comte de Provence, Comte d'Arles was born circa 1008; Genealogics says b. ca 1008; genealogy.EU says b. 1018.^2,9 He married Etiennette/Stephanie "Dulcia" (?) de Marseille, daughter of Guillaume II "le Gros' (?) Vicomte de Marseille, seigneur de Trets and Etiennette (?), before 27 January 1040
;
Her 1st? Husband.^{10,9,11,12,2,3,13}
Geoffroy I (?) Marquis et Comte de Provence, Comte d'Arles died circa February 1061; Genealogics says d. ca Feb 1061; Med Lands says d. 15 Feb/21 Jul 1060.^14,3
     ; NB: There is debate on the parentage of Geberga, cts de Provence.
Per Med Lands:
     "The parentage of Gerberge Ctss de Provence has not been ascertained beyond doubt. According to the Histoire Générale de Languedoc, she was the daughter of Geoffroy [I] Comte de Provence[344]. This connection appears to be speculative, based on an idea first raised in 1664 by Honoré Bouche who, in his Histoire Chronologique de Provence a work which contains inaccuracies but does have the merit of quoting some primary sources, says over-optimistically “[je l]’estime fort vray-semblablement, par presomption et conjecture”[345]. The 28 Jul 1094 charter quoted above indicates that the widow of Comte Geoffroy [I] was representing this branch of the Provence comital family, acting presumably on behalf of her descendant Gerberge who must then have still been under age. Although Gerberge was therefore most likely descended from Geoffroy [I], the chronology of her life suggests the improbability that she was his daughter. The birth of Gerberge´s two daughters, probably dated to the late 1090s (her younger daughter Douce is called “puella” in the 3 Feb 1112 charter quoted below), suggests that Gerberge herself would have been born in [1070/84]. This date range can be narrowed further to [1078/84] if it is correct to deduce from the 28 Jul 1094 charter that Gerberge was then still under age. On the other hand, the marriage of Geoffroy [I] is dated to before 1040, Comte Geoffroy died in [1061/62], and the marriages of his other supposed children are dated to the early 1060s (see above). Szabolcs de Vajay, who assumed that Gerberge was the daughter of Geoffroy [I], suggests that she was at least 30 or 32 years old when she married (he dates the marriage to [1090]) and adds that “on peut se demander si c’était sa première alliance”[346]. However, this does not explain why Etiennette [Douce] made the donation under the charter dated 28 Jul 1094, as Gerberge (or her husband if she was already married) could have made the donation in her own name if she had been of age. Another difficulty is that, if Gerberge was the daughter of Geoffroy, the descendants of Cécile, daughter of Comte Bertrand [II] would have had a superior claim to Provence, although no evidence has been found that any such claim to the county was raised. One possibility that would solve that problem is that Gerberge was born to an otherwise unrecorded older sibling of Cécile (brother or sister) who predeceased his/her father. From a chronological point of view, the result is tight, but does not appear impossible. A further factor is introduced by Manteyer who explains the exclusion of Cécile and her descendants by stating that “la coutume de Provence oubliait, au moment de la mort de leurs parents, les filles précédemment dotées par eux”[347]. Unfortunately he cites no source on which he bases this statement. However, the examples of Gerberge’s two daughters (discussed below) and of Beatrix, daughter of Comte Raymond Berenger IV, both provide other cases which fit the pattern. If Manteyer is right, the best solution to the problem could be that Gerberge was the younger sister of Cécile. From a chronological point of view, that would also appear to be the most likely possibility for Gerberge’s parentage. If Gerberge was the granddaughter of Comte Geoffroy [I], the charter dated 28 Jul 1094 in which her grandmother acted on her behalf suggests that both of Gerberge’s parents must have been deceased at the time."
Med Lands cites:


Per the Bunot email of 22 Feb 2005:
     "Gerberge, comtesse de Provence (1107/12) is traditionally considered a d/o Geoffroy, comte de Provence and Etiennette/Stephanie dite Douce de Marseille. Being heiress of Lower-Provence or Arles, she married in 1083, Girbert, vicomte de Millau-Gevaudan and de Carlat. They had 2 daughters, Douce, comtesse de Barcelone in 1112 and Etiennette/Stephanie, dame de Baux in 1116.
     "Recently, in his acclaimed “La Provence et la societe feodale 879-1166” (1976) in a family chart of the comtes de Provence (fig. 2, p. 34), Jean-Pierre Poly has reassigned Gerberge as a d/o Bertrand, comte de Provence (1055/90) and his wife Mathilde, therefore making her a grand-daughter of comte Geoffroy and a sister of Cecile, vicomtesse d’Albi, Beziers and Carcassonnes (Trencavel). I believe that the reasons
for the revised ancestry are mainly chronological (see below) but also onomastic since the son of Etiennette/Stephanie de Baux is precisely named Bertrand most probably after his most important ancestor, comte Bertrand, and her daughter Matelle/Mathilde de Bigorre would be named after his wife comtesse Mathilde. Lets look more closely at the chronology :
"1) Traditional ancestry of Douce, comtesse de Barcelone


"2) Revised ancestry according to Jean-Pierre Poly (1976)


     "Evidently the chronology works better in the case of the revised ancestry.
Anybody would care to comment or complete the data. In advance thank you. Jean Bunot"


Per: Bunot email of 7 June 2005:
     "Thank you very much for pointing out the fact that the genealogical chart in itself is at variance with the main text which definitely maintains comtesse Gerberge (wife of Girbert, vicomte de Millau-Gevaudan et de Carlat) as a d/o comte Geoffroy and Stephanie/Etiennette dite Douce de Marseille. While not impossible, this traditional parentage for comtesse Gerberge presents in my view several difficulties which might not be after all serious impediments. Namely :
     "a) If find it quite unlikely that comte Bertrand (+ 1090/94) was succeded by his sister (Gerberge) rather than by his fully documented daughter (Cecile), the wife of Bernard Aton, vicomte d'Albi-Beziers-Carcassonne, head of the then very powerful lineage of Trencavel, certainly capable of fighting for and upholding the rights and inheritance of his wife in nearby Provence. Why advantaging the vicomtesse de Gevaudan against her niece the vicomtesse d'Albi ? In does not appear to make sense from a feodal point of view.
     "b) the biological chronology is stretched a bit as we have to imagine that Gerberge would have been born, around 1060/61, to a close to sixty years old father (comte Geoffroy, born c. 1002 and died c. 1060/62), after more than 20 years of marriage (which occured likely c. 1040 or maybe a bit earlier), being almost a posthumus daughter. Not impossible but certainly then a very rare instance for mid 11th century.
So what do you think ? With my compliments, Jean Bunot.


Cristopher Nash wrote:
">> Still tidying up old queries and not having seen a response to the one raised by Jean Bunot under this header, I thought I'd ask whether anyone sees any problem with my suggesting that the chart to which he refers (fig. 2, p. 34) was erroneously drawn and should not be taken as evidence of a new view? I.e. that Poly had meant to confirm - as he does in the body of his text itself, p. 318 - the >traditional ancestry of Douce< and was proposing no new parentage for Gerberge de Provence.
>> Cheers, Cris"


Per "Jeff" email of 7 June 2005:
     "If find it quite unlikely that comte Bertrand (+ 1090/94) was succeded by his sister (Gerberge) rather than by his fully documented daughter (Cecile), the wife of Bernard Aton, vicomte d'Albi-Beziers-Carcassonne, head of the then very powerful lineage of Trencavel, certainly capable of fighting for and upholding the rights and inheritance of his wife in nearby Provence. Why advantaging the
vicomtesse de Gevaudan against her niece the vicomtesse d'Albi ? In does not appear to make sense from a feodal point of view.
     "I think Cecily was specifically excluded from the Provence inheritance: she got money instead. But the succession took a long time to sort out after the expiry of the comital dynasty and the murder of Gilbert: not til 1125 after a long war between barcelona and Toulouse.
     "Then Provence was divided between the Counts of Toulouse and Barcelona, and Forcalquir-urgel.
     "Sorry this is from memory. But surely Poly's book explains all of this?
     "Jeff Barcelona and Toulouse."^15,16,17

; Per van de Pas email:
     "This Frenchman has quite a number of genealogists amongst his descendants: Don Stone, John Ravilious, Renia Simmons, Doug McDonald, Michael Welch, Andrew MacEwen, Gary Boyd Roberts, Tim Powys-Lybbe, Ian Fettes, Richard Carruthers-Zurowski, Brom Nichol, Hans Vogels, James Cummings, Tony Hoskins, Merilyn Pedrick, Gordon Banks and several more.
     "I have two Gateways to Brazil for him, Francisco II de Sousa, governor of Brazil, and Maria Pimentel Drummond.
     "Gateways to North America, just some : Hon. George Percy, Sir Ralph Lane, Sir Ferdinando Gorges, Capt. John West, Col. Edward Digges, Katherine St.Leger, Rev. John Oxenbridge, Katherine Neville, Sir Francis Wyatt, Rev. Hawte Wyatt, Capt. George Popham, Mary Fulford and more.
     "I hope this biography is of interest and any corrections will be gratefully received.
With best wishes Leo van de Pas Canberra, Australia”.¹ Geoffroy I (?) Marquis et Comte de Provence, Comte d'Arles was also known as Geoffroy I Cte de Provence.⁴

; Per Genealogics:
     "Geoffroy was the third son of Guillaume III, comte de Provence, and Gerberge de Bourgogne. He was joint count of Provence with his elder brothers Guillaume IV and Foulque Bertrand I from his father's death in 1018. It is possible that he did not carry the title of Count until after the death of his eldest brother Guillaume around 1032.
     "He became count of Arles in 1032. On 26 May 1037 he and Foulque Bertrand are recorded as making a donation to the Abbey of Cluny. During his brother's life he was secondary to him. With the death of his brother he became sole count with the title marchyo sive comes Provincie. The title of marchio (margrave) implied that he was the head of the dynasty.
     "With his wife Stephanie 'Dulcia' de Marseille, daughter of Bertrand de Marseille, he had a son Bertrand who would succeed him but leave no recorded progeny, and three daughters who would all have progeny. One daughter became the first wife of her cousin Raimond VI, comte de Toulouse; another, Estefania, married Guillermo II Trunus, comte de Besalú et de Ripoll; and the third, Gerberga, married Gilbert, comte de Gevaudan, vicomte de Carlat. Their daughter Doulce/Doulcia would marry Ramon Berenguer III el Grande, conde de Barcelona, Provence & Carcassonne.
     "Geoffroy was a great builder of the Church in his region, devastated in the previous century by Saracen raids. He restored the Abbey of Sparro, which they had destroyed, and gave it to the archiepiscopal see of Aix. Following the example of most of his ancestors, he was a patron of Saint Victor in Marseille. In 1045 he consented to a donation of one of his vicecomital vassals to the monastery and in March 1048 to the transfer of property from Raimbaud, archbishop of Arles, to the Church. On 1 July 1055 and again in 1057, with his wife Stephanie and his son Bertrand, he himself donated property to St Victor. His patronage far exceeded that of his predecessors. He relinquished his rights over any lands the viscount of Marseilles, Foulques, wished to donate to the monastery in 1044, while in 1032 he had consented to turn over lands to the Church as allods. In 1038 he gave over to his vassals comital rights which had been possessed by his house since the reign of his great-grandfather Guillaume II 'le Liberateur', losing control over many castles and fortresses. The royal territory, which had been under control of the counts of Provence since the time of Guillaume, was mostly parcelled out as allods to the vassals during Geoffroy's tenure, and the weakening of the county of Provence as a united polity can be dated from his reign. Even when his lord Rudolf III, king of Burgundy, sold any remaining rights over some royal villae, Geoffroy gave these away as allodial holdings.
     "Geoffroy died about February 1061. He was succeeded by his son Bertrand.”.²

Reference: Genealogics cites: Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag, Marburg, Schwennicke, Detlev (Ed.), Reference: II 187.²

; This is the same person as ”Geoffrey I of Provence” at Wikipedia and as ”Geoffroi Ier de Provence” at Wikipédia (FR).^18,19 Geoffroy I (?) Marquis et Comte de Provence, Comte d'Arles was also known as Godfrey Count of Arles, Cte de Provence.²⁰ GAV-26 EDV-26.

; Per Genealogy.EU (Bosonides): “H2. Geoffroi, Cte de Provence (1018-63); m.Etiennette-Douce de Gévaudan, dau.of Bertrand II de Gevaudan”.⁹

; Per Med Lands:
     "GEOFFROY (-[15 Feb/21 Jul] 1060). "Geiriberga comitissima et filii mei Vuilelmus et Fulco sive Josfredus" donated property to Saint-Victor de Marseille by charter dated 1018[302], which suggests that Geoffroy was her third son. This appears confirmed by "Wilelmus filius Vilelmi comitis, Fulco frater eius, Gosfredus" subscribing the charter dated 1018 under which "Adalax comitissa mater Villelmi quondam Provintie comitis et Geriberga eque comitissa…eiusdem principis olim uxor" donated property to Saint-Victor de Marseille for the soul of their late son and husband respectively[303], and by the charter dated 1019 under which "Geriberga comitissa" donated property to Saint-Victor de Marseille for the soul of "senioris mei Guilelmi comitis Provincie" and for "filiorumque nostrorum…Wilelmo, Fulcho, Jozfredus"[304]. "Gisberga comitissa…cum filiis meis Willelmo, Fulcone Bertranno, Gaufredo" donated property to Saint-André-lès-Avignon by charter dated 1019[305]. His ancestry is confirmed by the charter dated 1057 under which "Gausfredus marchyo sive comes Provincie et uxor mea Stefania et filius meus Bertrannus" donated property to Saint-Victor de Marseille naming "avus meus Wuilelmus marchio sive comes Provincie et avia mea Adalax comitissa"[306]. "Duo fratres, comites Provincie, Gausfredus atque Bertrannus" made a joint donation to Cluny dated 26 May 1037[307]. GEOFFROY [I] Marquis et Comte de Provence. "Gauzfredus marchio sive comes Provincie" consented to the donation by "Guillelmus vicecomes Massiliensis…" to Saint-Victor de Marseille by charter dated 1045[308]. "Gosfredus et Bertrannus frater meus, utrique Provinciales marchiones sive comites" donated property to Saint-Victor, Marseille by charter dated 1048[309]. “Godfredus comes et uxor mea Stephania et filius meus Bertrannus” donated property by charter dated 15 Feb 1060[310].
     "m (before 27 Jan 1040) [as her first husband,] ETIENNETTE [Douce], daughter of --- (-after 28 Jul 1094, maybe after 11 Sep 1095). "Gaufredus comes" donated property to Monmajour by charter dated 1040, signed by "Bertrannus comes…Stephania comitissa"[311]. The date of her marriage is set by the charter dated 27 Jan 1040 under which "Josfredus comes et uxor mea" confirmed a donation of property to Saint-Victor de Marseille, although it is not clear from the document that the confirmation (which appears after the text which recites the original grant) was contemporaneous with the donation[312]. Raimbaud Archbishop of Arles transferred property in the presence of "Jauffredi comitis et Stephanie uxor sue" by charter dated Mar 1048[313]. "Godfredus comes Provincie et uxor mea Stephania et filius meus Bertrannus" donated property to Saint-Victor de Marseille by charter dated 1 Jul 1055[314]. "Gausfredus marchyo sive comes Provincie et uxor mea Stefania et filius meus Bertrannus" donated property to Saint-Victor de Marseille by charter dated 1057[315]. “Godfredus comes et uxor mea Stephania et filius meus Bertrannus” donated property by charter dated 15 Feb 1060[316]. A charter dated 28 Jul 1094 records that "Raimundus...comes et Provincie marchio" and “Dulcis comitissa” both donated tolls on the Durance and Rhône rivers to Saint-Victor de Marseille “atque domno Ricardo”, confirming each other’s donations[317]. A charter dated 11 Sep 1095 confirmed a donation to Saint-Victor de Marseille by “Stephania comitissa cognomento Dulcis” for the soul of “filii sui Bertranni comitis”[318]. The wording of this document is silent on whether the donor was deceased at the time. Szabolcs de Vajay indicates that the two documents dated 1094 and 1095 are the only ones which specify her alternative name “Douce” and suggests that Etiennette could have adopted the name in old age, maybe on taking the veil[319]. Szabolcs de Vajay suggests that the wife of Geoffroy [I] Comte de Provence was Etiennette [Douce] de Marseille, daughter of Guillaume [II] Vicomte de Marseille & his second wife Etiennette ---[320]. He relies on the numerous common connections between the Provence and Marseille families in the charters of Marseille Saint-Victor, which indicate the likelihood of a family connection, although he points to no specific document which supports his argument. He also highlights that the supposed mother of Etiennette [Douce] was referred to in sources as “Stephana”, in contrast to the diminutive “Stephanetta” used by her supposed daughter, which he says is consistent with a mother/daughter relationship. However, as can be seen from the extracts quoted in this section, Etiennette [Douce] was not consistently referred to in charters by the diminutive form of her name. "Bertrannus comes et mater mea Stephania…[et] conjux mea Matildis" donated property to Monmajour by charter dated to Feb [1061/62][321]. [Szabolcs de Vajay suggests that Etiennette married secondly ([1062/63]) as his second wife, Bernard [II] Comte de Bigorre[322]. He bases this suggestion on the charter dated 1 Apr 1080 under which "Centullus comes et uxor mea Beatrix et mater eius Stephania" donated the monastery of Saint-Savin de Lavedan "in comitatu Bigorritano" to Marseille Saint-Victor “et abbati Ricardo”[323], pointing out that the Bigorre family made no earlier donations to Marseille Saint-Victor. He also points out that this second marriage would explain the absence of Etiennette [Douce] from any charters in Provence for more than 30 years after the death of Comte Geoffroy [I]. It should be noted that Etiennette, widow of Bermard [II] Comte de Bigorre, was absent from the similar donation made to Marseille Saint-Victor by her daughter and son-in-law dated 12 May 1087[324]. This could indicate that she was deceased by then or (as suggested by Szabolcs de Vajay) that she had returned to Provence. Szabolcs de Vajay’s argument for this second marriage certainly has some appeal, but in the absence of other indications cannot be taken as conclusive.]"
Med Lands cites:

; Per Med Lands:
     "[ETIENNETTE [Douce] (-after 28 Jul 1094, maybe after 11 Sep 1095). Szabolcs de Vajay suggests that the wife of Geoffroy [I] Comte de Provence was the daughter of Guillaume [II] Vicomte de Marseille & his second wife[642]. He relies on the numerous common connections between the Provence and Marseille families in the charters of Marseille Saint-Victor, which indicate the likelihood of a family connection, although he points to no specific document which supports his argument. He also highlights that the supposed mother of Etiennette [Douce] was referred to in sources as “Stephana”, in contrast to the diminutive “Stephanetta” used by her supposed daughter, which he says is consistent with a mother/daughter relationship. However, as can be seen from the extracts quoted in this section, Etiennette [Douce] was not consistently referred to in charters by the diminutive form of her name. "Gaufredus comes" donated property to Monmajour by charter dated 1040, signed by "Bertrannus comes…Stephania comitissa"[643]. The date of her marriage is set by the charter dated 27 Jan 1040 under which "Josfredus comes et uxor mea" confirmed a donation of property to Saint-Victor de Marseille, although it is not clear from the document that the confirmation (which appears after the text which recites the original grant) was contemporaneous with the donation[644]. Raimbaud Archbishop of Arles transferred property in the presence of "Jauffredi comitis et Stephanie uxor sue" by charter dated Mar 1048[645]. "Godfredus comes Provincie et uxor mea Stephania et filius meus Bertrannus" donated property to Saint-Victor de Marseille by charter dated 1 Jul 1055[646]. "Gausfredus marchyo sive comes Provincie et uxor mea Stefania et filius meus Bertrannus" donated property to Saint-Victor de Marseille by charter dated 1057[647]. “Godfredus comes et uxor mea Stephania et filius meus Bertrannus” donated property by charter dated 15 Feb 1060[648]. A charter dated 28 Jul 1094 records that "Raimundus...comes et Provincie marchio" and “Dulcis comitissa” both donated tolls on the Durance and Rhône rivers to Saint-Victor de Marseille “atque domno Ricardo”, confirming each other’s donations[649]. A charter dated 11 Sep 1095 confirmed a donation to Saint-Victor de Marseille by “Stephania comitissa cognomento Dulcis” for the soul of “filii sui Bertranni comitis”[650]. The wording of this document is silent on whether the donor was deceased at the time. Szabolcs de Vajay indicates that the two documents dated 1094 and 1095 are the only ones which specify her alternative name “Douce” and suggests that Etiennette could have adopted the name in old age, maybe on taking the veil[651]. [Szabolcs de Vajay suggests that Etiennette married secondly Bernard [II] Comte de Bigorre[652]. He bases this suggestion on the charter dated 1 Apr 1080 under which "Centullus comes et uxor mea Beatrix et mater eius Stephania" donated the monastery of Saint-Savin de Lavedan "in comitatu Bigorritano" to Marseille Saint-Victor “et abbati Ricardo”[653], pointing out that the Bigorre family made no earlier donations to Marseille Saint-Victor. He also points out that this second marriage would explain the absence of Etiennette [Douce] from any charters in Provence for more than 30 years after the death of Comte Geoffroy [I]. It should be noted that Etiennette, widow of Bermard [II] Comte de Bigorre, was absent from the similar donation made to Marseille Saint-Victor by her daughter and son-in-law dated 12 May 1087[654]. This could indicate that she was deceased by then or (as suggested by Szabolcs de Vajay) that she had returned to Provence. Szabolcs de Vajay’s argument for this second marriage has some appeal, but in the absence of other indications cannot be taken as conclusive.]
     "m [firstly] (before 27 Jan 1040) GEOFFROY [I] Comte de Provence, son of GUILLAUME [III] Comte de Provence & his wife Gerberge de Mâcon (-[15 Feb/21 Jul] 1060).
     "[m secondly ([1062/63]) as his second wife,"
Med Lands cites: He was Cte de Provence between 1018 and 1063.⁴

     Etiennette/Stephanie "Dulcia" (?) de Marseille was born in 1033.⁵ She married Geoffroy I (?) Marquis et Comte de Provence, Comte d'Arles, son of Guillaume III 'the Pious' (?) Comte de Provence and Gerberge de Mâcon, before 27 January 1040
;
Her 1st? Husband.^{6,7,8,9,10,11,2}
Etiennette/Stephanie "Dulcia" (?) de Marseille died in 1095.⁵
     ; NB: There is debate on the parentage of Geberga, cts de Provence.
Per Med Lands:
     "The parentage of Gerberge Ctss de Provence has not been ascertained beyond doubt. According to the Histoire Générale de Languedoc, she was the daughter of Geoffroy [I] Comte de Provence[344]. This connection appears to be speculative, based on an idea first raised in 1664 by Honoré Bouche who, in his Histoire Chronologique de Provence a work which contains inaccuracies but does have the merit of quoting some primary sources, says over-optimistically “[je l]’estime fort vray-semblablement, par presomption et conjecture”[345]. The 28 Jul 1094 charter quoted above indicates that the widow of Comte Geoffroy [I] was representing this branch of the Provence comital family, acting presumably on behalf of her descendant Gerberge who must then have still been under age. Although Gerberge was therefore most likely descended from Geoffroy [I], the chronology of her life suggests the improbability that she was his daughter. The birth of Gerberge´s two daughters, probably dated to the late 1090s (her younger daughter Douce is called “puella” in the 3 Feb 1112 charter quoted below), suggests that Gerberge herself would have been born in [1070/84]. This date range can be narrowed further to [1078/84] if it is correct to deduce from the 28 Jul 1094 charter that Gerberge was then still under age. On the other hand, the marriage of Geoffroy [I] is dated to before 1040, Comte Geoffroy died in [1061/62], and the marriages of his other supposed children are dated to the early 1060s (see above). Szabolcs de Vajay, who assumed that Gerberge was the daughter of Geoffroy [I], suggests that she was at least 30 or 32 years old when she married (he dates the marriage to [1090]) and adds that “on peut se demander si c’était sa première alliance”[346]. However, this does not explain why Etiennette [Douce] made the donation under the charter dated 28 Jul 1094, as Gerberge (or her husband if she was already married) could have made the donation in her own name if she had been of age. Another difficulty is that, if Gerberge was the daughter of Geoffroy, the descendants of Cécile, daughter of Comte Bertrand [II] would have had a superior claim to Provence, although no evidence has been found that any such claim to the county was raised. One possibility that would solve that problem is that Gerberge was born to an otherwise unrecorded older sibling of Cécile (brother or sister) who predeceased his/her father. From a chronological point of view, the result is tight, but does not appear impossible. A further factor is introduced by Manteyer who explains the exclusion of Cécile and her descendants by stating that “la coutume de Provence oubliait, au moment de la mort de leurs parents, les filles précédemment dotées par eux”[347]. Unfortunately he cites no source on which he bases this statement. However, the examples of Gerberge’s two daughters (discussed below) and of Beatrix, daughter of Comte Raymond Berenger IV, both provide other cases which fit the pattern. If Manteyer is right, the best solution to the problem could be that Gerberge was the younger sister of Cécile. From a chronological point of view, that would also appear to be the most likely possibility for Gerberge’s parentage. If Gerberge was the granddaughter of Comte Geoffroy [I], the charter dated 28 Jul 1094 in which her grandmother acted on her behalf suggests that both of Gerberge’s parents must have been deceased at the time."
Med Lands cites:


Per the Bunot email of 22 Feb 2005:
     "Gerberge, comtesse de Provence (1107/12) is traditionally considered a d/o Geoffroy, comte de Provence and Etiennette/Stephanie dite Douce de Marseille. Being heiress of Lower-Provence or Arles, she married in 1083, Girbert, vicomte de Millau-Gevaudan and de Carlat. They had 2 daughters, Douce, comtesse de Barcelone in 1112 and Etiennette/Stephanie, dame de Baux in 1116.
     "Recently, in his acclaimed “La Provence et la societe feodale 879-1166” (1976) in a family chart of the comtes de Provence (fig. 2, p. 34), Jean-Pierre Poly has reassigned Gerberge as a d/o Bertrand, comte de Provence (1055/90) and his wife Mathilde, therefore making her a grand-daughter of comte Geoffroy and a sister of Cecile, vicomtesse d’Albi, Beziers and Carcassonnes (Trencavel). I believe that the reasons
for the revised ancestry are mainly chronological (see below) but also onomastic since the son of Etiennette/Stephanie de Baux is precisely named Bertrand most probably after his most important ancestor, comte Bertrand, and her daughter Matelle/Mathilde de Bigorre would be named after his wife comtesse Mathilde. Lets look more closely at the chronology :
"1) Traditional ancestry of Douce, comtesse de Barcelone


"2) Revised ancestry according to Jean-Pierre Poly (1976)


     "Evidently the chronology works better in the case of the revised ancestry.
Anybody would care to comment or complete the data. In advance thank you. Jean Bunot"


Per: Bunot email of 7 June 2005:
     "Thank you very much for pointing out the fact that the genealogical chart in itself is at variance with the main text which definitely maintains comtesse Gerberge (wife of Girbert, vicomte de Millau-Gevaudan et de Carlat) as a d/o comte Geoffroy and Stephanie/Etiennette dite Douce de Marseille. While not impossible, this traditional parentage for comtesse Gerberge presents in my view several difficulties which might not be after all serious impediments. Namely :
     "a) If find it quite unlikely that comte Bertrand (+ 1090/94) was succeded by his sister (Gerberge) rather than by his fully documented daughter (Cecile), the wife of Bernard Aton, vicomte d'Albi-Beziers-Carcassonne, head of the then very powerful lineage of Trencavel, certainly capable of fighting for and upholding the rights and inheritance of his wife in nearby Provence. Why advantaging the vicomtesse de Gevaudan against her niece the vicomtesse d'Albi ? In does not appear to make sense from a feodal point of view.
     "b) the biological chronology is stretched a bit as we have to imagine that Gerberge would have been born, around 1060/61, to a close to sixty years old father (comte Geoffroy, born c. 1002 and died c. 1060/62), after more than 20 years of marriage (which occured likely c. 1040 or maybe a bit earlier), being almost a posthumus daughter. Not impossible but certainly then a very rare instance for mid 11th century.
So what do you think ? With my compliments, Jean Bunot.


Cristopher Nash wrote:
">> Still tidying up old queries and not having seen a response to the one raised by Jean Bunot under this header, I thought I'd ask whether anyone sees any problem with my suggesting that the chart to which he refers (fig. 2, p. 34) was erroneously drawn and should not be taken as evidence of a new view? I.e. that Poly had meant to confirm - as he does in the body of his text itself, p. 318 - the >traditional ancestry of Douce< and was proposing no new parentage for Gerberge de Provence.
>> Cheers, Cris"


Per "Jeff" email of 7 June 2005:
     "If find it quite unlikely that comte Bertrand (+ 1090/94) was succeded by his sister (Gerberge) rather than by his fully documented daughter (Cecile), the wife of Bernard Aton, vicomte d'Albi-Beziers-Carcassonne, head of the then very powerful lineage of Trencavel, certainly capable of fighting for and upholding the rights and inheritance of his wife in nearby Provence. Why advantaging the
vicomtesse de Gevaudan against her niece the vicomtesse d'Albi ? In does not appear to make sense from a feodal point of view.
     "I think Cecily was specifically excluded from the Provence inheritance: she got money instead. But the succession took a long time to sort out after the expiry of the comital dynasty and the murder of Gilbert: not til 1125 after a long war between barcelona and Toulouse.
     "Then Provence was divided between the Counts of Toulouse and Barcelona, and Forcalquir-urgel.
     "Sorry this is from memory. But surely Poly's book explains all of this?
     "Jeff Barcelona and Toulouse."^12,13,14

; Per Genealogy.EU (Bosonides): “H2. Geoffroi, Cte de Provence (1018-63); m.Etiennette-Douce de Gévaudan, dau.of Bertrand II de Gevaudan”.⁷

; Per Med Lands:
     "GEOFFROY (-[15 Feb/21 Jul] 1060). "Geiriberga comitissima et filii mei Vuilelmus et Fulco sive Josfredus" donated property to Saint-Victor de Marseille by charter dated 1018[302], which suggests that Geoffroy was her third son. This appears confirmed by "Wilelmus filius Vilelmi comitis, Fulco frater eius, Gosfredus" subscribing the charter dated 1018 under which "Adalax comitissa mater Villelmi quondam Provintie comitis et Geriberga eque comitissa…eiusdem principis olim uxor" donated property to Saint-Victor de Marseille for the soul of their late son and husband respectively[303], and by the charter dated 1019 under which "Geriberga comitissa" donated property to Saint-Victor de Marseille for the soul of "senioris mei Guilelmi comitis Provincie" and for "filiorumque nostrorum…Wilelmo, Fulcho, Jozfredus"[304]. "Gisberga comitissa…cum filiis meis Willelmo, Fulcone Bertranno, Gaufredo" donated property to Saint-André-lès-Avignon by charter dated 1019[305]. His ancestry is confirmed by the charter dated 1057 under which "Gausfredus marchyo sive comes Provincie et uxor mea Stefania et filius meus Bertrannus" donated property to Saint-Victor de Marseille naming "avus meus Wuilelmus marchio sive comes Provincie et avia mea Adalax comitissa"[306]. "Duo fratres, comites Provincie, Gausfredus atque Bertrannus" made a joint donation to Cluny dated 26 May 1037[307]. GEOFFROY [I] Marquis et Comte de Provence. "Gauzfredus marchio sive comes Provincie" consented to the donation by "Guillelmus vicecomes Massiliensis…" to Saint-Victor de Marseille by charter dated 1045[308]. "Gosfredus et Bertrannus frater meus, utrique Provinciales marchiones sive comites" donated property to Saint-Victor, Marseille by charter dated 1048[309]. “Godfredus comes et uxor mea Stephania et filius meus Bertrannus” donated property by charter dated 15 Feb 1060[310].
     "m (before 27 Jan 1040) [as her first husband,] ETIENNETTE [Douce], daughter of --- (-after 28 Jul 1094, maybe after 11 Sep 1095). "Gaufredus comes" donated property to Monmajour by charter dated 1040, signed by "Bertrannus comes…Stephania comitissa"[311]. The date of her marriage is set by the charter dated 27 Jan 1040 under which "Josfredus comes et uxor mea" confirmed a donation of property to Saint-Victor de Marseille, although it is not clear from the document that the confirmation (which appears after the text which recites the original grant) was contemporaneous with the donation[312]. Raimbaud Archbishop of Arles transferred property in the presence of "Jauffredi comitis et Stephanie uxor sue" by charter dated Mar 1048[313]. "Godfredus comes Provincie et uxor mea Stephania et filius meus Bertrannus" donated property to Saint-Victor de Marseille by charter dated 1 Jul 1055[314]. "Gausfredus marchyo sive comes Provincie et uxor mea Stefania et filius meus Bertrannus" donated property to Saint-Victor de Marseille by charter dated 1057[315]. “Godfredus comes et uxor mea Stephania et filius meus Bertrannus” donated property by charter dated 15 Feb 1060[316]. A charter dated 28 Jul 1094 records that "Raimundus...comes et Provincie marchio" and “Dulcis comitissa” both donated tolls on the Durance and Rhône rivers to Saint-Victor de Marseille “atque domno Ricardo”, confirming each other’s donations[317]. A charter dated 11 Sep 1095 confirmed a donation to Saint-Victor de Marseille by “Stephania comitissa cognomento Dulcis” for the soul of “filii sui Bertranni comitis”[318]. The wording of this document is silent on whether the donor was deceased at the time. Szabolcs de Vajay indicates that the two documents dated 1094 and 1095 are the only ones which specify her alternative name “Douce” and suggests that Etiennette could have adopted the name in old age, maybe on taking the veil[319]. Szabolcs de Vajay suggests that the wife of Geoffroy [I] Comte de Provence was Etiennette [Douce] de Marseille, daughter of Guillaume [II] Vicomte de Marseille & his second wife Etiennette ---[320]. He relies on the numerous common connections between the Provence and Marseille families in the charters of Marseille Saint-Victor, which indicate the likelihood of a family connection, although he points to no specific document which supports his argument. He also highlights that the supposed mother of Etiennette [Douce] was referred to in sources as “Stephana”, in contrast to the diminutive “Stephanetta” used by her supposed daughter, which he says is consistent with a mother/daughter relationship. However, as can be seen from the extracts quoted in this section, Etiennette [Douce] was not consistently referred to in charters by the diminutive form of her name. "Bertrannus comes et mater mea Stephania…[et] conjux mea Matildis" donated property to Monmajour by charter dated to Feb [1061/62][321]. [Szabolcs de Vajay suggests that Etiennette married secondly ([1062/63]) as his second wife, Bernard [II] Comte de Bigorre[322]. He bases this suggestion on the charter dated 1 Apr 1080 under which "Centullus comes et uxor mea Beatrix et mater eius Stephania" donated the monastery of Saint-Savin de Lavedan "in comitatu Bigorritano" to Marseille Saint-Victor “et abbati Ricardo”[323], pointing out that the Bigorre family made no earlier donations to Marseille Saint-Victor. He also points out that this second marriage would explain the absence of Etiennette [Douce] from any charters in Provence for more than 30 years after the death of Comte Geoffroy [I]. It should be noted that Etiennette, widow of Bermard [II] Comte de Bigorre, was absent from the similar donation made to Marseille Saint-Victor by her daughter and son-in-law dated 12 May 1087[324]. This could indicate that she was deceased by then or (as suggested by Szabolcs de Vajay) that she had returned to Provence. Szabolcs de Vajay’s argument for this second marriage certainly has some appeal, but in the absence of other indications cannot be taken as conclusive.]"
Med Lands cites:

Reference: Genealogics cites: Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag Marburg., Detlev Schwennicke, Editor, Reference: II 187.⁹ GAV-26 EDV-26. Etiennette/Stephanie "Dulcia" (?) de Marseille was also known as Etienette.¹⁵ Etiennette/Stephanie "Dulcia" (?) de Marseille was also known as Etiennette-Douce de Gevaudan.¹⁶

; Per Med Lands:
     "[ETIENNETTE [Douce] (-after 28 Jul 1094, maybe after 11 Sep 1095). Szabolcs de Vajay suggests that the wife of Geoffroy [I] Comte de Provence was the daughter of Guillaume [II] Vicomte de Marseille & his second wife[642]. He relies on the numerous common connections between the Provence and Marseille families in the charters of Marseille Saint-Victor, which indicate the likelihood of a family connection, although he points to no specific document which supports his argument. He also highlights that the supposed mother of Etiennette [Douce] was referred to in sources as “Stephana”, in contrast to the diminutive “Stephanetta” used by her supposed daughter, which he says is consistent with a mother/daughter relationship. However, as can be seen from the extracts quoted in this section, Etiennette [Douce] was not consistently referred to in charters by the diminutive form of her name. "Gaufredus comes" donated property to Monmajour by charter dated 1040, signed by "Bertrannus comes…Stephania comitissa"[643]. The date of her marriage is set by the charter dated 27 Jan 1040 under which "Josfredus comes et uxor mea" confirmed a donation of property to Saint-Victor de Marseille, although it is not clear from the document that the confirmation (which appears after the text which recites the original grant) was contemporaneous with the donation[644]. Raimbaud Archbishop of Arles transferred property in the presence of "Jauffredi comitis et Stephanie uxor sue" by charter dated Mar 1048[645]. "Godfredus comes Provincie et uxor mea Stephania et filius meus Bertrannus" donated property to Saint-Victor de Marseille by charter dated 1 Jul 1055[646]. "Gausfredus marchyo sive comes Provincie et uxor mea Stefania et filius meus Bertrannus" donated property to Saint-Victor de Marseille by charter dated 1057[647]. “Godfredus comes et uxor mea Stephania et filius meus Bertrannus” donated property by charter dated 15 Feb 1060[648]. A charter dated 28 Jul 1094 records that "Raimundus...comes et Provincie marchio" and “Dulcis comitissa” both donated tolls on the Durance and Rhône rivers to Saint-Victor de Marseille “atque domno Ricardo”, confirming each other’s donations[649]. A charter dated 11 Sep 1095 confirmed a donation to Saint-Victor de Marseille by “Stephania comitissa cognomento Dulcis” for the soul of “filii sui Bertranni comitis”[650]. The wording of this document is silent on whether the donor was deceased at the time. Szabolcs de Vajay indicates that the two documents dated 1094 and 1095 are the only ones which specify her alternative name “Douce” and suggests that Etiennette could have adopted the name in old age, maybe on taking the veil[651]. [Szabolcs de Vajay suggests that Etiennette married secondly Bernard [II] Comte de Bigorre[652]. He bases this suggestion on the charter dated 1 Apr 1080 under which "Centullus comes et uxor mea Beatrix et mater eius Stephania" donated the monastery of Saint-Savin de Lavedan "in comitatu Bigorritano" to Marseille Saint-Victor “et abbati Ricardo”[653], pointing out that the Bigorre family made no earlier donations to Marseille Saint-Victor. He also points out that this second marriage would explain the absence of Etiennette [Douce] from any charters in Provence for more than 30 years after the death of Comte Geoffroy [I]. It should be noted that Etiennette, widow of Bermard [II] Comte de Bigorre, was absent from the similar donation made to Marseille Saint-Victor by her daughter and son-in-law dated 12 May 1087[654]. This could indicate that she was deceased by then or (as suggested by Szabolcs de Vajay) that she had returned to Provence. Szabolcs de Vajay’s argument for this second marriage has some appeal, but in the absence of other indications cannot be taken as conclusive.]
     "m [firstly] (before 27 Jan 1040) GEOFFROY [I] Comte de Provence, son of GUILLAUME [III] Comte de Provence & his wife Gerberge de Mâcon (-[15 Feb/21 Jul] 1060).
     "[m secondly ([1062/63]) as his second wife,"
Med Lands cites:

     Arnulf (?) von Karnten, Duke of Carinthia, Emperor of Germany married Oda (Utade) (?) of Bavaria, daughter of Theudon (?) Count in Bavaria, between 821 and 853
; WFT Est.⁷ Arnulf (?) von Karnten, Duke of Carinthia, Emperor of Germany was born circa 850.^4,3 He married Ellinrat (?) in 870.⁸

Arnulf (?) von Karnten, Duke of Carinthia, Emperor of Germany died on 8 December 899 at Regensburg, Stadtkreis Regensburg, Bavaria (Bayern), Germany (now).^9,4,3
Arnulf (?) von Karnten, Duke of Carinthia, Emperor of Germany was buried after 8 December 899 at Gruftkapelle St. Emmeram, Regensburg, Stadtkreis Regensburg, Bavaria (Bayern), Germany (now).⁴
      ; See Wikpedia entry for more information.¹⁰ He was Duke of Carinthia, Markgraf of Kärnten
between 876 and 887.^3,4 He was King of the East Franks between 887 and 899.^2,3 He was King of Italy between 894 and 896.³ He was Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire between 896 and 899.^2,3,4

     Oda (Utade) (?) of Bavaria was born circa 805.² She married Arnulf (?) von Karnten, Duke of Carinthia, Emperor of Germany, son of Karlmann/Carloman (?) King of Bavaria and Italy and Liutswind/Litwinde (?), between 821 and 853
; WFT Est.²
Oda (Utade) (?) of Bavaria died between 834 and 899; date is WFT estimate.²

     Berenguer II (?) vicomte de Millau-Gévaudan was born circa 1025.² He married Adila (?) Vicomtesse de Carlat, daughter of Gilbert II/III (?) vicomte de Carlat and Nobilia (?) Vicomtesse de Lodeve, in 1050
; Genealogics cites: Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag Marburg., Detlev Schwennicke, Editor, Reference: III 805.^4,5,6,2,3
Berenguer II (?) vicomte de Millau-Gévaudan died between 1080 and 1097.²
      ; Per Genealogics:
     "Berenguer was born about 1025, the son of Richard II, vicomte de Millau-Gévaudan, and Rixinde de Narbonne, dame de Montbrun. He was viscount of Millau and Rodez from 1051. He married Adila, vicomtesse de Carlat, daughter of Gilbert, vicomte de Carlat, and Nobilia, vicomtesse de Lodève. They had three sons of whom Gilbert and Richard would have progeny. Berenguer became viscount of Carlat by right of his wife. About 1080, with his wife and her mother, and his three sons, he made a donation of land to the abbey founded by Gausbert, a monk of Saint-Amans de Rodez. Berenguer died between 1080 and 1097."² GAV-26.

Reference: Genealogics cites: Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag Marburg., Detlev Schwennicke, Editor, Reference: III 805.² Berenguer II (?) vicomte de Millau-Gévaudan was also known as Berenger II Vicomte de Milhaud.

; Per Wikipédia (Fr.) - Ref #1:
     "Bérenger Ier de Millau puis Bérenger de Carlat, né vers 1025, mort vers 1080 fut vicomte de Millau et de Rodez en 1051, et, par mariage, vicomte de Carlat. Il était fils de Richard II, vicomte de Millau et de Rodez, et de Rixinde de Narbonne.
Biographie
     "Vers 1080, avec sa femme Adèle et Nobilia de Lodève, mère d'Adèle, ainsi que leurs trois enfants Richard, Gilbert et Raymond, il fait une donation à l'abbaye fondée par Gausbert, moine à Saint-Amans de Rodez, avec un terrain entre quatre croix formant une sauveté dépendante du château de Mandulphe, et pour le spirituel de la paroisse de Junhac. Le nom de Montsalvy (Montis Salvii) n'apparaîtra qu'en 1093 dans une bulle de Célestin III qui rattache directement la nouvelle abbaye au Saint-Siège.
Famille
     "Avant 1050, il épouse Adèle, vicomtesse de Carlat, fille de Girbert, vicomte de Carlat, et de Nobilia, vicomtesse de Lodève. Ils eurent au moins trois fils :
Bibliographie
** Hippolyte de Barrau, Documents historiques et généalogiques sur les familles et les hommes remarquables du Rouergue dans les temps anciens et modernes, tome 1er, pages 215 à 221 (vicomtes de Millau), Rodez, 1853-1860 (lire en ligne [archive])
Articles connexes
** Liste des vicomtes et comtes de Gévaudan: https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste_des_vicomtes_et_comtes_de_G%C3%A9vaudan
** Liste des vicomtes de Carlat: https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste_des_vicomtes_de_Carlat"

Per Wikipédia (Fr.) - Ref #2:
     "Bérenger, vicomte de Millau et de Rodez en 1051, fils du [Richard II] marié à Adèle, fille de Girbert, vicomte de Carlat, et de Nobilia, vicomtesse de Lodève"

Per Wikipédia (Fr.) - Ref #3:
     "1025-1080: Bérenger de Millau (ca 1040-1080/), fils de Richard, vicomte de Millau et de Rodez, marié à Adèle de Carlat, sœur de Bernard, qui lui apporte le Carladès."^7,8,9

; Per Med Lands:
     "BERENGER [II] (-[1080/5 Jan 1097]). "Alcherius" donated "æcclesiam sancti Petri in comitatu Rutenensi...Regnacus" to Conques by charter dated 6 Apr 1051, which records that “filii Ricardi vicecomitis et filii Abonis, nepotes mei” donated money on the occasion[495]. Vicomte de Millau. "...Berengarii vici commiti, Bernardi archidiaconi et fratrum eius" subscribed the charter dated Jan 1051 [O.S.?] under which "Hugo Rutenensium comes et mater mea Ricardis comitissa" donated “ecclesiam...Tribonum” to Conques[496]. "Rogerius [error for Berengarius?] et frater meus Bernardus filii Richardi vicecomitis" donated property to Marseille Saint-Victor by charter dated 1058[497]. “Fratrum eius Berengarii et Ugonis et Raimundi et Ricardi” subscribed the charter dated 1061 under which “Bernardus filius Richardi de Amiliau quondam vicecomitis et uxoris eius Rixendis” donated property on his becoming a monk at Saint-Victor de Marseille[498]. Vicomte de Gévaudan. "Berengarius Ricardi vicecomes" donated property "in territorio Gaballitano…ecclesia…sancti Martini…in episcopate Mimatensi…in pago Bannecensi" to Saint-Victor, Marseille by charter dated 1 Jul 1060, signed by "Berengarius vicecomes, Raimundus frater eius"[499]. Vicomte de Carlat: “Berengarius vicecomes de Cartlato et uxor mea Adila et mater uxoris meæ Nobilis” founded Montsalvy monastery, with the consent of “filii nostri Ricardus, Girbertus, Raimundus”, by charter dated to [1060/71][500]. "Berengarius, Ricardi quondam vicecomitis filius" donated property to Marseille Saint-Victor "in manu abbatis Bernardi germani utique fratris mei et Ricardi eiusdem monasterii qui similiter mihi etiam frater est", for the souls of "patris mei Ricardi" and for the salvation of "matris meæ Rixendis" by charter dated 1070, signed by "Rixendis matris eius, Bernardi fratris eius..."[501]. “Allebertus de Caniliaco” swore allegiance to “Berengario nec ad filios tuos Ricard et Girbert” for the château of Canillac and others by undated charter, probably dated to [1080/97][502].
     "m (before 1050) ADELA de Carlat, daughter of GIRBERT Vicomte de Carlat & his wife Nobila de Lodève. “Berengarius vicecomes de Cartlato et uxor mea Adila et mater uxoris meæ Nobilis” founded Montsalvy monastery, with the consent of “filii nostri Ricardus, Girbertus, Raimundus”, by charter dated to [1060/71][503]."
Med lands cites:

; Per Racines et Histoire: "ès 1097 vicomte de Rodez, Millau, Carlat et Gévaudan (48, 1077)
     ép. dès 1050 (ou ~1053) Adèle (Adila) de Carlat, vicomtesse de Carlat, Bénavent et de Lodève (fille de Gilbert II, vicomte de Carlat et Bénavent, et de Nobilie de Lodève.)¹⁰"
; Per Wikipédia (Fr.): "Gilbert III de Carlat (980/-1048), marié à Nobila de Lodève, dont une fille Adèle de Carlat et un fils :
     1048-1050: Bernard III de Carlat, sans postérité
     1025-1080: Bérenger de Millau (ca 1040-1080/), fils de Richard, vicomte de Millau et de Rodez, marié à Adèle de Carlat, sœur de Bernard, qui lui apporte le Carladès”.¹¹

     Adila (?) Vicomtesse de Carlat was born in 1031.¹⁰ She married Berenguer II (?) vicomte de Millau-Gévaudan, son of Richard II (?) vicomte de Millau-Gevaudan and Rixinde (?) de Narbonne, dame de Montbrun, in 1050
; Genealogics cites: Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag Marburg., Detlev Schwennicke, Editor, Reference: III 805.^1,11,4,12,13
Adila (?) Vicomtesse de Carlat died between 1060 and 1071.⁴
     GAV-26.

Reference: Genealogics cites: Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag Marburg., Detlev Schwennicke, Editor, Reference: III 805.³

; Per Med Lands:
     "ADELA (-after [1060/71]). “Berengarius vicecomes de Cartlato et uxor mea Adila et mater uxoris meæ Nobilis” founded Montsalvy monastery, with the consent of “filii nostri Ricardus, Girbertus, Raimundus”, by charter dated to [1060/71][740]. Vicomtesse de Carlat.
     "m (before 1050) BERENGER [II] Vicomte de Millau et de Gévaudan, son of RICHARD Vicomte de Millau et de Rodez & his wife Rixinde de --- (-[1080/5 Jan 1097])."
Med lands cites: [740] Documents Carlat, Tome II, Supplement I, p. 1.⁴ Adila (?) Vicomtesse de Carlat was also known as Adele (?) vicomtesse de Carlat et de Lodeve.¹¹

; Per Racines et Histoire: "ès 1097 vicomte de Rodez, Millau, Carlat et Gévaudan (48, 1077)
     ép. dès 1050 (ou ~1053) Adèle (Adila) de Carlat, vicomtesse de Carlat, Bénavent et de Lodève (fille de Gilbert II, vicomte de Carlat et Bénavent, et de Nobilie de Lodève.)⁵"
; Per Wikipédia (Fr.): "Gilbert III de Carlat (980/-1048), marié à Nobila de Lodève, dont une fille Adèle de Carlat et un fils :
     1048-1050: Bernard III de Carlat, sans postérité
     1025-1080: Bérenger de Millau (ca 1040-1080/), fils de Richard, vicomte de Millau et de Rodez, marié à Adèle de Carlat, sœur de Bernard, qui lui apporte le Carladès”.¹⁴

     Gilbert II/III (?) vicomte de Carlat married Nobilia (?) Vicomtesse de Lodeve, daughter of Odon/Eudes (?) vicomte de Lodeve and Chimberge (?).^6,7,8,9,10
Gilbert II/III (?) vicomte de Carlat was born circa 980.¹¹
     Reference: Genealogics cites: Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag Marburg., Detlev Schwennicke, Editor, Reference: III 805.⁷

; Per Wikipédia (Fr.): "Gilbert III de Carlat (980/-1048), marié à Nobila de Lodève, dont une fille Adèle de Carlat et un fils :
     1048-1050: Bernard III de Carlat, sans postérité
     1025-1080: Bérenger de Millau (ca 1040-1080/), fils de Richard, vicomte de Millau et de Rodez, marié à Adèle de Carlat, sœur de Bernard, qui lui apporte le Carladès”.¹¹ GAV-27. Gilbert II/III (?) vicomte de Carlat was also known as Girbert II vicomte de Carlat.²

; Per Bunot email:
     "122. Girbert II, vicomte de Carlat (1048)
     123. m. Nobilie, vicomtesse de Lodeve (1048)”.⁶

; Per Med Lands:
     "GIRBERT [III] (-after 5 Oct [1048]). Vicomte [de Carlat]. "Girbertus vicecomes et uxor mea Nobila et filius meus Bernardus" donated "unum mansum in valle…Sers in loco…Kalahc" to Gellone by charter dated 5 Oct [1031/60] [1048?][736].
     "m NOBILA de Lodève, daughter of HILDUIN Vicomte [de Lodève] & his wife Archimberte --- (-after [1060/71]). "Girbertus vicecomes et uxor mea Nobila et filius meus Bernardus" donated "unum mansum in valle…Sers in loco…Kalahc" to Gellone by charter dated 5 Oct [1031/60] [1048?][737]. The primary source which confirms her parentage has not yet been identified. “Berengarius vicecomes de Cartlato et uxor mea Adila et mater uxoris meæ Nobilis” founded Montsalvy monastery, with the consent of “filii nostri Ricardus, Girbertus, Raimundus”, by charter dated to [1060/71][738]."
Med Lands cites:

; Per Med Lands:
     "NOBILA (-after [1060/71]). The primary source which confirms her parentage has not yet been identified. "Girbertus vicecomes et uxor mea Nobila et filius meus Bernardus" donated "unum mansum in valle…Sers in loco…Kalahc" to Gellone by charter dated 5 Oct [1031/60] [1048?][687]. “Berengarius vicecomes de Cartlato et uxor mea Adila et mater uxoris meæ Nobilis” founded Montsalvy monastery, with the consent of “filii nostri Ricardus, Girbertus, Raimundus”, by charter dated to [1060/71][688].
     "m GIRBERT [III] Vicomte de Carlat, son of --- (-after 5 Oct [1048])."
Med Lands cites: He was living in 1048; Bunot says d. 1048; Med Lands says d. aft 5 Oct 1048.^6,8