Person Page - 215

     Reginald (Rainald) de Warenne was born circa 1082 at England.⁵
Reginald (Rainald) de Warenne died before 1118.²
      ; Reynold, inherited the lands in Flanders, +beforee 1118.²

; E-mail from 12th January 2002

Dear Miroslav,

You wrote: "Dear Jessica,
Many thanks for a detailed email. Your corrections are useful. But I
have another questions more. Was her son Reynold from marriage with
William I de Warenne? Had she another issue with him (a child born in
1085)? Any information will be welcome."

Yes, Reynold was William's. Orderic Vitalis mentions that on his deathbed,
William I de Warenne left his English lands to his elder son William, and the
Flemish lands to his younger son Reynold. This Reynold led the assault on
Rouen in 1090 in support of William Rufus, and in 1105 he supported Duke
Robert of Normandy against Henry I. He was captured shortly before the battle
of Tinchebrai on the 28th of September, 1106, but released. He had died
before 1118, at which time Willem II de Warenne gives Lewes priory 6
churches, for the soul of his brother Reynold "and his other relations
deceased".

As for the 1085 child, there probably wasn't one. Gundred's supposed death in
childbirth in 1085 comes from a forged cartulary that also calls her daughter
of the Conqueror, which we know she wasn't. She and William probably married
shortly after the Conquest of England in 1066, and they were certainly
married by 1070, when her brother Frederick was killed by followers of
Hereward the Wake. Therefore, her three known children (William, Reynold, and
Aldgyth) can be given birthdates of about 1066-1075. William and Reynold both
succeeded jointly upon the death of their father in 1088, with no wards
looking over them, and so were probably at least in their teens at that time,
putting William's birthdate about 1069, making him nineteen on his father's
death. Their sister Aldgyth wed Gérard de Gournay about 1090, and she must
have been at least twelve at the time (their daughter, Gundred de Gournay,
married Nigel d'Oilly in June of 1118) putting her birthdate about 1076. As
for Reynold, there's no telling his birthdate, except that he was younger
than William. Since her three known children were all probably born in the
late 1060s and early to mid 1070s, Gundred herself was probably born around
1048, making her eighteen or so on her marriage. This would've put her in her
late thirties/early forties at the time of her "death" in 1085, making it
unlikely she died in childbirth (women reached menopause earlier back then).
And since the cartulary is so late, and contains information we know to be
incorrect, I see no reason to trust the deathdate it gives us. Especially
since it calls Gundred "Countess of Surrey" -- if she died in 1085, she
couldn't have been Countess of Surrey, as her husband was created Earl of
Surrey until 1088!

I hope this is of use.

Goodbye,

Jessica Bonner nichol_storm@yahoo.com.⁶

     Henry (?) de Flanders was born circa 1035 at Flanders, Belgium (now).³
Henry (?) de Flanders died between 1036 and 1125; date is WFT estimate.³
      .⁴

     Magistrix le Scrope was living in 1452.¹

     Richilde (?) de Mons, comtesse de Hainaut was born circa 1031 at Mons, Arrondissement de Mons, Hainaut, Belgium (now).^5,4 She married Hermann (?) Count of Hainault, son of Regnier V (?) Count of Hainault and Mathilde (?) of Verdun,
;
Her 1st husband.^6,7,1,4,8 Richilde (?) de Mons, comtesse de Hainaut married Baudouin VI "de Mons" (?) Graaf van Vlaanderen, comte de Hainaut, son of Baudouin V "le Debonnaire" de Lille (?) Graaf van Vlaanderen and Adèle (Aelis) (?) de France, Cts de Coutance, circa 1055
; her 2nd husband.^{5,7,2,4,9,10,8} Richilde (?) de Mons, comtesse de Hainaut married Guillaume 1 er «FitzOsbern» de Crépon de Breteuil, comte de Breteuil et d’Hereford, son of Osbern de Crépon Steward of Normandy and Emma (ou Alberade, Aubrée) (?) d'Ivry, after 1070
;
Her 3rd husband.^{11,7,2,12,4,10,8}
Richilde (?) de Mons, comtesse de Hainaut was buried after 1086 at Abbaye d'Hasnon, Hasnon, Departement du Nord, Hauts-de-France, France; From Find A Grave:
     BIRTH     1030, Mons, Arrondissement de Mons, Hainaut, Belgium
     DEATH     18 Mar 1086 (aged 55–56), Mons, Arrondissement de Mons, Hainaut, Belgium
     Family Members
     Spouse
          Baldwin VI Count Of Hainaut 1030–1070
     Children
          Count Baldwin Baudouin II Of Hainaut 1056–1098
     BURIAL     Non-Cemetery Burial, Specifically: at Hasnon Abby in Hainaut
     Created by: Gene Stephan
     Added: 1 Jul 2014
     Find a Grave Memorial 132175164.¹³
Richilde (?) de Mons, comtesse de Hainaut died on 15 March 1086.^5,7,1,8,14
      ; Per Med Lands:
     "BAUDOUIN de Flandre ([1030]-Hasnon Abbey 17 Jul 1070). The Genealogica Comitum Flandriæ Bertiniana names (in order) "Balduinum Haanoniensem, et Robdbertum cognomento postea Iherosolimitanum, et Matilde uxorem Guillelmi regis Anglorum" as the children of "Balduinum Insulanum [et] Adelam"[237]. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names (in order) "Balduinum sextum, Robertum cognomento Fresonem, Philippum patrem Guilelmi de Ypra et filias duas Iudith, quam duxit Tostinus comes Nortdanimbronum in Anglia et Mathilda…Normannorum ducissa"[238], which confuses three generations of the family of the counts of Flanders. Baudouin's father sent him to be educated at the court of Emperor Heinrich III, who installed him as count in the march of Antwerp in [1045], although this was taken away in [1050] after his father opposed the emperor[239]. He succeeded in 1055 as BAUDOUIN I Comte de Hainaut, by right of his wife. He succeeded his father in 1067 as BAUDOUIN VI Count of Flanders. The Annales Blandinienses record the death in 1070 of "Baldwinus marchisus, qui Hasnoni sepultus est"[240]. The Annales Elnonenses Maiores record Baudouin's death "XVI Kal Aug" and his burial "Hasnonie"[241].
     "m (1051) as her second husband, RICHILDE, widow of HERMAN Comte de Hainaut, daughter of --- (-Messines 15 Mar 1087, bur Hanson Abbey). The Annales Elnonenses date the marriage of "Balduinus iunior Adele filius" to 1051 (although it incorrectly names his wife "Iudita"), specifying that thereby "castellum Monz obtinuit", and recording that the marriage was "consensu patris"[242] which presumably refers to Baudouin's own father, maybe indicating that Baudouin was a minor at the time. The difficult question of the parentage of Richilde is discussed fully in the document HAINAUT, which sets out her first husband's family. The Annales Blandinienses record that her husband's uncle Robert, having killed her son Arnoul Count of Flanders, captured his mother "Rikilde"[243]. Richilde married thirdly (1070) as his second wife, Guillaume FitzOsbern Earl of Hereford. The Annals of Winchester record the marriage in 1070 of “comitissam Flandriæ” and “rex…nepoti suo Willelmo filio Osberni”[244]. William of Malmesbury records that Baudouin I comte de Hainaut entrusted the guardianship of his two sons to "Philip king of France…and to William Fitz-Osberne", adding that the latter "readily undertook the office that he might increase his dignity by a union with Richilda"[245]. The Complete Peerage, citing "Annales Flandriæ", states that Richilde was taken in battle where her new husband FitzOsbern was killed[246], but the precise reference has not yet been found to this primary source. The necrology of Liège Saint-Lambert records the death "XVII Kal Apr" of "Richildis comitisse"[247]."
Med Lands cites:

; Per Genealogy.EU: "G1. Ct Baldwin VI "de Mons" of Flanders (1067-70) and Hainault (1051-70) as Baldwin I, Margrave of Antwerp, *ca 1029, +Hanson Abbey 10.7.1070; m.ca 1055 Richilde, heiress of Hainault (*Mons ca 1031, +15.3.1086), dau.of Reginar V of Hainault."⁵

; Per Racines et Histoire (Flanders): “Baudouin VI «De Mons» de Flandres ° ~1029/30 + peu avant 17/07/1071 (inh. dans l’Abbaye d’Hasnon) 8° comte de Flandres (1067-1071), comte de Hainaut (= Baudouin 1er 1055-1070, par mariage), (élevé à la cour de l’Empereur Heinrich III, créé par lui markgraf van Antwerpen (1045))
     ép. ~1055 comtesse Richilde de Hainaut ° ~1031 (Mons) + 15/03/1087 (Messine, Sicile) (fille de Rénier V, comte de Hainaut ; veuve de 1) Herman, comte de Hainaut + ~1049 ; veuve, elle ép. 3) Guillaume FitzOsbern de Crépon, earl of Hereford and Essex +X 21/02/1071 (Cassel)) (elle tente vainement de se maintenir au pouvoir en Flandres contre Robert Le Frison) ”.¹⁴

; Per Stasser email [2004]:
     "Bien que certains chroniqueurs médiévaux fassent de Richilde, l¹épouse du comte Herman, la fille héritière de Régnier V et son époux Herman un comte d¹origine germanique.(Chron. Albrici, pp. 785, 789, 792; Gilles d¹Orval, MGH SS XXV, p. 79), il est certain que Herman était l¹héritier de Régnier V (Gislebert de Mons, Chronicon Hanoniense, éd. L. Vanderkindere, Bruxelles, 1904, p. 3; Lambert de Hersfeld, Annales Hersfeldenses, MGH SRG 1894, p. 125). Une charte datée des années 1024/1039 mentionne en effet Régnier V et son fils Herman (Van Overstraeten, pp. 502-503). On ne connaît pas les origines familiales de la comtesse. On sait qu¹elle était la nièce du pape Léon IX (Flandria Generosa, MGH SS IX, p. 320: ...eiusdem Richildis avunculo ...) et qu¹elle était de sang impérial (Cont. Aquicinctina, p. 553: Richildem quae erat de sanguine imperiali ...)
     "Le pape Léon IX était né Bruno d¹Eguisheim, fils du comte Hugues IV et d¹Helvide (Wibert, Vita Leonis, éd. I. M. Watterich, Pontificum romanorum vitae, t. 1er, Leipzig, 1862, p. 128). On lui connait avec certitude deux frères, Gérard et Hugues (J. D. Schoepflin, Alsatia ... Diplomatica, t. 1er, Mannheim, 1772, n° 207, p. 163), ainsi que plusieurs soeurs: Gerberge, abbesse de Nuys (L. Viellard, Documents et mémoires pour servir à l¹histoire du Territoire de Belfort, Besançon, 1884, p. 115); l¹épouse du comte Adalbert de Calw (Annalista Saxo,p. 687); peut être Hildegarde, mère de Louis de Mousson Montbéliard (F. Vollmer, Die Etichonen. Ein Beitrag zur Frage der Kontinuität früher Adelsfamilien, Studien und vorarbeiten zur geschichte des grossfrankische und frühdeutschen Adels, éd. G. Tellenbach, Fribourg, 1957, p. 182; pour les sources voir Viellard, pp. 12-13; Schoepflin, n° 680, p. 477).
     "Albert de Stade, Annales Stadenses, MGH SS XIV, p. 319, donne encore à Léon IX une autre soeur en la personne de Gertrude, femme de Liudolphe de Brunswick. Cette identification a cependant été mise en doute et on penche plutôt à l¹identifier à la fille d¹un comte Egbert (H. Jakobs, Der Adel in der Klosterreform von St. Blasien, Cologne-Graz, 1968, p. 204; E. Hlawitschka, Untersuchungen zu den Thronwechseln der ersten Hälfte des 11 Jahrhunderts und zur Adelsgeschichte Süddeutschlands, Sigmaringen, 1987, pp. 144-148; P. Corbet, L¹autel portatif de la comtesse Gertrude de Brunswick, Cahiers de Civilisation Médiévale, 34, 1991, p. 103) .
     "Compte tenu de l¹état de nos sources, il est impossible d¹attribuer la paternité ou la maternité de Richilde à un plutôt qu¹à un autre des frères et soeurs de Léon IX. H. Pirenne, Richilde, Biographie Nationale de Belgique, 19, 1907, col. 294, suggère d¹en faire une fille de Roger, frère d¹Arnoul de Valenciennes. Sur la comtesse Richilde, voir K. S. Nicholas, Countesses as Rulers in Flanders, Aristocratic Women in Medieval France, éd. T. Evergates, Philadelphia, 1999, pp. 115-117.
     "Richilde se remaria à Baudouin VI de Flandre (= Baudouin I de Hainaut) en 1051 selon les Ann. Elnonenses, p. 156; Ann. Laubienses, p. 20; Ann. Leodienses, p. 20; Jacques de Guise , p. 188. Elle mourut en 1086 et fut inhumée dans l¹église de Hasnon (Jacques de Guise, p. 195)."¹⁵

Reference: Genealogics cites: Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag Marburg., Detlev Schwennicke, Editor, Reference: II 5.⁸

; Per Weber email [2004]:
     "CP VI:447-9 states that William FitzOsbern's 2nd wife was "Richilde, widow of Baldwin (VI), Count of Flanders, and previously, as is stated, of Herman, Count of Hainault, da. and h. of Renier, Count of Mons, in Hainault."
     "This was changed by CP XIV:380 to read "Richilde, widow of Baldwin (VI), COUNT OF FLANDERS, and previously, as is stated, of Herman, COUNT OF HAINAULT, daughter and heir of the Count of Egisheim [Alsace]."¹⁶

; This is the same person as:
”Richilde, Countess of Hainaut” at Wikipedia and as
”Richilde de Hainaut” at Wikipédia (Fr.)^17,18

; Per van de Pas email:
     "Isenburg/Freytag von Loringhoven called her a Countess von Egisheim without mentioning her parents. The Pope Leo IX detail could help us further.
     "In ES 1.2 Tafel 200B gives the Counts of Egisheim. Hugo VI Count von Egisheim and his wife Heilwig von Dagsburg had several children, including Bruno (Pope Leo IX) and Hildegard. Hildegard married Richwin Count in Scarponnois (?) See Tafel 226 same volume.
     "In Tafel 226 we see that they start a new family and their son is Ludwig von Mousson-en-Scarponnois in Mousson, Castellanus in Mömpelgard becomes Count and marries Sophia von Oberlothringen.
     "There are not many helpful dates of birth in the beginning of this tree, but if Richilde is a sister of Ludwig and she is daughter of Ricuin/Richwin/(Reginar ?) and Hildegard von Egisheim, she is also a niece of Pope Leo IX. Ludwig von Mousson (Mons ?) has seven children recorded, but his parents."¹⁹ GAV-27 EDV-27 GKJ-28. Richilde (?) de Mons, comtesse de Hainaut was also known as Richilde de Egisheim.²⁰ Richilde (?) de Mons, comtesse de Hainaut was also known as Richilde von Egisheim.¹⁶

; Per Racines et Histoire (Herman de Hainaut dit «de Mons» + 03/07/1049 ou ~1050/51 ? comte de Hainaut, Mons, Valenciennes et partie du Brabant (cité charte de Rainier V de donation de Lietgarde à l’Abbaye de Saint-Ghislain entre 1024 et 1039)
ép. ~1040 (contestation pour consanguinité mais approuvé par l’Evêque de Cambrai) Richilde dite «de Hainaut» ° ~1027 + 15/03/1087 (Messine, Sicile) comtesse de Hainaut, etc. (fille de Rainier de Hasnon (fils d’un autre Rainier), marggrave de Valenciennes entre 1045 et 1048/49 ; elle
ép. 2) ~1051 (disp. pap de Léon IX Baudouin VI, comte de Flandres (1067) dit «de Mons» et de Hainaut (1055, Baudouin 1er) + 17/07/1070 > autre postérité : cf Flandres ;
ép. 3) 1070 William FitzOsbern (Guillaume Crespin), seigneur de Breteuil (Normandie), earl of Hereford and Essex, comte de Hainaut +X 20/02/1071 (Mont Cassel) > sans postérité de 3 ) (citée cartulaire de Saint-Bertin) (la prosopographie note l’apparatition du prénom Roger pour l’un de ses fils, inusité chez les Hainaut mais chez les seigneurs de Laon, comtes de Porcien et de Saint-Pol ; une mention la dit parente d’Ade (de Rumigny ?), épouse d’Hugues, Châtelain de Cambrai) )“”.²¹ She was Comtesse de Hainaut between 1036 and 1087 at Hainaut, Belgium (now).¹⁸ She was Comtesse de Flandre between 1067 and 1070 at West Flanders (West-Vlaanderen), Belgium (now).¹⁸

     Robert I "le Frison" (?) Count of Flanders, Count of Holland was born in 1031 at Flanders, Belgium (now); Weis (AR7 line 164-23) says b. ca 1035; Genealogics says b. ca 1032; Racines et Histoire says b 1035; Med Lands says b. 1035.^1,9,10,3,6 He married Gertrude (?) von Sachsen, daughter of Bernhard II (?) Herzog von Sachsen and Eilika von Schweinfurt, in 1063
;
Her 2nd husband.^{9,11,12,13,14,3,6}
Robert I "le Frison" (?) Count of Flanders, Count of Holland died on 13 October 1093 at Cassel, Departement du Nord, Hauts-de-France, France (now); Genealogics says d. 13 Oct. 1093; Racines et Histoire says d 12-13/10/1093; Weis says d. 3 Oct 1093.^9,3,12,6
     ; Per Med Lands:
     "GERTRUD of Saxony (Schweinfurt [1028]-Veurne 4 Aug 1113, bur Veurne). The Genealogica Comitum Flandriæ Bertiniana names "filiam Bernardi Saxonum comitis Gertrudem" as wife of "Robertus", specifying that she was "viduam Florentii comitis Fresonum"[341]. The Chronologia Johannes de Beke records the marriage of Count Floris and "Gertrudim filiam Hermanni ducis Saxonum"[342], "Hermanni" being an error for "Bernardi" as the former would be impossible chronologically. "Gertrudis" is named as wife of "Roberti Frisonis" in the Cartulaire de Saint-Bertin, which does not give her origin[343]. The Genealogia ex stirpe Sancti Arnulfi names "Idam Namucensem…uxorem Angelberti marchionis et Gertrudem comitissam Flandrensem" as children of "Bernardum"[344]. The Annales Egmundani specify that Robert acquired the "comitatum Hollandiæ et Fresiæ" by marrying Gertrud[345]. [The necrology of the abbey of Saint-Denis records the death "XV Kal Aug" of "Gertrudis comitissa"[346]. It is uncertain whether this entry relates to the widow of Count Floris and Count Robert.] Beke's Egmondsch Necrologium records the death "IV die Aug" of "Gheertrudis…" and her burial in Flanders[347]. [A manuscript catalogue of benefactors to Eversham monastery records the death “1 aprilis” 1113 of “Robertus Hierosolymitanus...Gertrudis mater eius”[348]. The accuracy of this source is unknown. The latest date recorded is 1629, but it is not known whether the document represents a later compilation based on earlier sources.]
     "m firstly ([1050]) FLORIS I Count of Holland, son of DIRK III Count of Holland & his wife Othelindis [von Haldensleben-Nordmark] ([1010/21]- Hamerth 28 Jun 1061, bur Egmond).
     "m secondly (1063) ROBERT de Flandre, son of BAUDOUIN V "le Pieux/Insulanus" Count of Flanders & his wife Adela de France ([1035]-13 Oct 1093). Count of Holland 1062-1071, during the minority of his stepson. He succeeded his nephew 1071 as ROBERT I "le Frison" Count of Flanders."
Med Lands cites:
; Per Genealogy.EU (Billung): “D2. Gertrud, *Schweinfurt ca 1028, +Veurne 4.8.1113, bur Veurne; 1m: ca 1050 Floris I of Holland (+28.6.1061); 2m: 1063 Robert I of Flanders (*1031 +13.10.1093)”.¹⁵

Reference: Genealogics cites:

; Per Genealogy.EU (Flanders 1): “G2. Ct Robert I "le Frison" of Flanders (1071-93), Ct of Holland (1062-71) [during the minority of his stepson], *1031, +13.10.1093; m.1063 Gertrud of Saxony (*ca 1034 +4.8.1113) dau.of Duke Bernhard II of Saxony, widow of Ct Floris I of Holland”.¹

; Per Genealogics:
     “Robert was born about 1032, the younger son of Baudouin V, Graaf van Vlaanderen, and Adèle de France, a daughter of King Robert II of France. He was count of Flanders from 1071 to 1092.
     “About 1063 he married Gertrud von Sachsen, dowager countess of Holland, the widow of Floris I, Graaf van Holland, and daughter of Bernhard II, Herzog von Sachsen, and Eilica von Schweinfurt. They had five children of whom Robert, Adele and Gertrud would have progeny.
     “Robert was originally intended to secure the northern borders of Flanders by his marriage, but after his brother's death in 1070 he displaced his nephews and became count of Flanders. Robert's nephew Arnulf III (son of Robert's elder brother Baudouin VI, Graaf van Vlaanderen) succeeded his father in 1070 and was supported by his mother Richilde, heiress of Hainault. However Robert challenged Arnulf's succession to the throne of Flanders and began rallying support mainly in northern Flanders, where the bulk of Arnulf's forces were located. Arnulf's ranks contained individuals such as Eustace II, comte de Boulogne, and his sons Eustace III de Boulogne and Godefroy de Bouillon, duke of Lower-Lorraine.
     “Arnulf was supported by King Philippe I of France, who sent a force, including a contingent of ten Norman knights led by William FitzOsbern, 1st earl of Hereford, seigneur de Bretueil, to aid Arnulf. FitzOsbern was by then married to Arnulf's mother Richilde, heiress of Hainault, widow of his father Baudouin VI-I.
     “Robert's force attacked Arnulf's numerically superior army at Cassel before it could organise. William FitzOsborn was killed while Richilde and Arnulf were captured, and Arnold died soon after. However, Robert himself was captured by Eustace II, comte de Boulogne. Ultimately, Richilde was exchanged for Robert's freedom. As a result of the battle Robert was confirmed by King Philippe as count of Flanders.
     “Robert died in Cassel on 13 October 1093.”.³

; This is the same person as ”Robert I, Count of Flanders” at Wikipedia and as ”Robert Ier de Flandre” at Wikipédia (FR).^16,17 GAV-26 EDV26.

; Per Racines et Histoire (Flandres): “Robert 1er «Le Frison» de Flandres ° 1035 + 12/10/1093 (Winendale ; inh. à Cassel) 10° comte de Flandres (1071/72-1093 : succède à son neveu, reconnu par le Roi Philippe contre la cession de Corbie), comte-régent de Hollande (1062-1071 durant la minorité de son beau-fils, héritier de Hollande), pèlerin à Jérusalem (1086-1090), mercenaire pour Alexis 1er de Byzance au retour (bat Richilde et les troupes françaises à Cassel le 21/02/1071)
     ép.1063 Gertrude de Saxe ° ~1028 (Schweinfurt) + 18/07 ou 04/08/1113 (Veurne) (fille du duc Bernhard II de Saxe et d’Eilika von Schweinfurt ; veuve du comte Floris 1er (Florent) de Hollande + 18/06/1061) ”.¹²

; Per Med Lands:
     "ROBERT de Flandre, son of BAUDOUIN V "le Pieux/Insulanus" Count of Flanders & his wife Adela de France ([1035]-13 Oct 1093). The Genealogica Comitum Flandriæ Bertiniana names (in order) "Balduinum Haanoniensem, et Robdbertum cognomento postea Iherosolimitanum, et Matilde uxorem Guillelmi regis Anglorum" as the children of "Balduinum Insulanum [et] Adelam"[270]. "Robertus filius Balduini comitis Insulani" is named in the Cartulaire de Saint-Bertin[271]. He is recorded by Orderic Vitalis as uncle of Robert de Normandie[272]. The Annales Blandinienses record that in 1063 "Rodbertus, Baldwini potentissimi iunior filius, Frisiam subintrat"[273]. He was regent of the county of Holland 1062-1071, during the minority of his stepson. He rebelled against his nephew Arnoul III Count of Flanders and defeated him at the battle of Cassel 22 Feb 1071, succeeding as ROBERT I "le Frison" Count of Flanders. He was recognised as count by Philippe I King of France after Robert transferred Corbie to him, the arrangement being confirmed by the king's marriage to Count Robert's stepdaughter Bertha of Holland[274]. Relations with William I King of England were poor, culminating in Count Robert's planned naval attack in 1085, with his son-in-law Knud II King of Denmark, although the enterprise ended when the latter was assassinated[275]. William of Malmesbury records that Robert made a pilgrimage to Jerusalem, dated to between 1086 and 1090[276]. On his way back, he entered the service of Emperor Alexios I[277]. The Annales Blandinienses record the death "III Id Oct 1093" of "Rodbertus, primus huius nominis Flandriæ marchysus"[278].
     "m (1063) as her second husband, GERTRUD of Saxony, widow of FLORIS I Count of Holland, daughter of BERNHARD II Duke of Saxony [Billung] & his wife Eilika von Schweinfurt (Schweinfurt [1028]-Veurne 18 Jul or 4 Aug 1113, bur Veurne). "Gertrudis" is named as wife of "Roberti Frisonis" in the Cartulaire de Saint-Bertin, which does not give her origin[279]. The Genealogica Comitum Flandriæ Bertiniana names "filiam Bernardi Saxonum comitis Gertrudem" as wife of "Robertus", specifying that she was "viduam Florentii comitis Fresonum"[280]. The Genealogia ex stirpe Sancti Arnulfi names "Idam Namucensem…uxorem Angelberti marchionis et Gertrudem comitissam Flandrensem" as children of "Bernardum"[281]. The Annales Egmundani specify that Robert acquired "comitatum Hollandiæ et Fresiæ" by marrying Gertrud[282]. The date of her second marriage is based on the Chronologia Johannes de Beke recording that, two years after the death of her first husband, Gertrud married "Roberto iuniori filio Balduini comitis Flandrie", specifying that the latter ruled the county of Holland on behalf of "Theodrici domicelli iunioris adhuc etatis"[283]. [The necrology of the abbey of Saint-Denis records the death "XV Kal Aug" of "Gertrudis comitissa"[284]. It is uncertain whether this entry relates to the widow of Count Floris and Count Robert.] Beke's Egmondsch Necrologium records the death "IV die Aug" of "Gheertrudis…" and her burial in Flanders[285]. [A manuscript catalogue of benefactors to Eversham monastery records the death “1 aprilis” 1113 of “Robertus Hierosolymitanus...Gertrudis mater eius”[286]. The accuracy of this source is unknown. The latest date recorded is 1629, but it is not known whether the document represents a later compilation based on earlier sources.]"
Med Lands cites:

; Per Weis: “Robert I, Count of Flanders, b. abt. 1035, d. 3 Oct. 1093; m. 1063, Gertrude of Saxony, d. 4 Aug. 1113, widow of Florent I, Count of Holland, daughter of Bernard II (Billung), Duke of Saxony. (ES 1.2/11).”.¹⁸ He was Count of Holland - during the minority of his stepson between 1062 and 1071.¹ He was 10th Comte de Flandre between 1071 and 1093.^1,17,12 He was Pilgrim between 1086 and 1090 at Jerusalem, Palestine.¹⁰

     Judith (?) van Vlaanderen, Countess of Northumberland was born circa 1033 at Brugges, Arrondissement Brugge, West Flanders (West-Vlaanderen), Belgium (now); The Henry Project says b. 1030x1036; Med Lands says m. 1033.^9,2,11,4,3,8 She married Tostig/Toste Godwinson (?) Earl of Northumbria, son of Godwine (?) Earl of Wessex and Gytha Thorkelsdóttir (?) of Denmark, before September 1051
;
His 1st wife; her 1st husband; Racines et Histoire says m "avant 09/1051 (ou 10/1058 ?)"; The Henry Project says "m. 1051 (or perhaps a bit earlier)"; Med Lands says m. bef Sep 1051.^{12,9,13,2,8,14,15,3,16} Judith (?) van Vlaanderen, Countess of Northumberland married Welf I/IV (?) Duke of Bavaria, son of Alberto Azzo II d'Este Marchese d'Este and Kunigunde (?) von Altdorf, in 1071
;
Her 2nd husband; his 2nd or 3rd wife.^{17,9,18,19,20,2,21,4,8}
Judith (?) van Vlaanderen, Countess of Northumberland died on 5 March 1094 at Baden-Württemberg, Germany (now); Genealogy.EU (Flanders 1 page) says d. 5 March 1094.^{22,9,19,2,7,4,8}
Judith (?) van Vlaanderen, Countess of Northumberland was buried after 5 March 1094 at Weingarten Abbey, Ravensburg, Landkreis Ravensburg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany; From Find A Grave:
     BIRTH     1033, Bruges, Arrondissement Brugge, West Flanders (West-Vlaanderen), Belgium
     DEATH     5 Mar 1094 (aged 60–61), Baden-Württemberg, Germany
     Judith of Flanders, was the Countess of Northumbria, and later Duchess of Bavaria. She was first married to of Tostig Godwinson, Earl of Northumbria, and secondly of Welf I, Duke of Bavaria. Her niece was Matilda of Flanders, Queen consort of William the Conqueror, who was Judith's cousin. She was the owner of many books and illuminated manuscripts, which she bequeathed to Weingarten Abbey.
     Judith was born in 1033 in Bruges, the only child of Baldwin IV, Count of Flanders by his second wife, Eleanor of Normandy, the daughter of Richard II of Normandy and Judith of Brittany. Judith had an older half-brother, Baldwin V, Count of Flanders, who succeeded their father upon his death which had occurred when Judith was about two years old.
     Judith was described as having been a "pious and inquisitive woman"; her piety was expressed in the many gifts and donations she made to the Church of St. Cuthbert in Durham, which included landed estates and an ornate crucifix. The latter allegedly was a present to appease the saint after she challenged St. Cuthbert's ruling that forbade women to enter the cathedral which housed his relics. Judith, angered that women were not permitted to set foot inside the church and wishing to worship at his tomb, had decided to put Cuthbert's prohibition to the test by ordering her serving woman to go inside to see what repercussions would follow for breaking the holy decree (Judith had planned to go herself upon the latter's safe return); when the woman was about to enter the churchyard, she was stricken by a sudden, violent force of wind that left her infirm and eventually killed her. Judith, as a result of fear, had the crucifix especially made for St. Cuthbert's shrine.
     Judith died on 5 March 1094 and was buried at St. Martin Monastery
     Family Members
     Spouses
          Tostig Godwinson 1025–1066
          Welf I of Bavaria 1032–1101
     Children
          Welf II of Bavaria 1072–1120
          Henry Duke of Bavaria 1074–1126
     BURIAL     Weingarten Abbey, Landkreis Ravensburg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
     Created by: Kat
     Added: 9 Feb 2012
     Find A Grave Memorial 84750861.¹¹
     Reference: Genealogics cites: GAV-26 EDV-26.

; Per Genealogics:
     "Judith was born in the mid 1030s (some sources give 1033), the daughter of Baudouin IV, count of Flanders and Eleanor of Normandy. On an unknown date before September 1051, she was married to Toste Godwinson, brother of the future King Harold II of England. In September 1051 Judith was forced to flee England for Brugge, along with her husband and in-laws, after Toste joined his father's armed rebellion against King Edward 'the Confessor'; however, they returned home the following year. Toste was created earl of Northumbria in 1055. His distinguished marriage to Judith had helped Toste secure the earldom. Together they had children whose names and numbers are not recorded. They were described in the _Vita Edwardi Regis_ as 'unweaned' at the time of their father's death. Toste had at least three illegitimate sons by unknown mistresses.
     "In October 1065 Northumbria rose in rebellion against the rule of Toste. After his brother Harold persuaded King Edward to accept the demands made by the rebels, there was an acrimonious confrontation between the two brothers, with Toste accusing Harold of fomenting the rebellion. In November, Toste was outlawed by King Edward, and Judith, along with Toste and her children, was compelled to seek refuge with her half-brother Baudouin V, Graaf van Vlaanderen, the following month. Baudouin appointed Toste as castellan of Saint-Omer. In May 1066 following the succession of Harold to the English throne in January, Toste returned to England with a fleet provided by Baudouin to seek revenge on his brother. He formed an alliance with Harald Hardrada, king of Norway, but they were both killed on 25 September 1066 at the Battle of Stamford Bridge by the forces of King Harold. After her husband's death at Stamford Bridge, Judith moved to Denmark. It is presumed that he brought her 'unweaned' children with her, but nothing is known of their subsequent fates. A pair of Norwegian king-sagas, _Fagrskinna_ and _Morkinskinna,_ identify Skuli Konungsfóstri, male-line ancestor of King Inge Bårdsson of Norway, as son of Toste, but _Heimskringla_ gives him a different parentage. Neither names Judith as his mother. Less than a month after Toste's death, Judith's brother-in-law was killed at the Battle of Hastings by the Norman army led by her cousin, William the Conqueror, who would thereafter reign as William of England.
     "In 1071 Judith became the second wife of Welf IV, Herzog von Bayern, son of Alberto Azzo II, marchese d'Este, and Kunizza, the daughter of Welf II, Graf in Lechrain. They had two sons, Welf V and Heinrich, of whom Heinrich would have progeny, and a daughter Kunizza. Judith died on 5 March 1094, and was buried at St. Martin Monastery, the Benedictine abbey which had been built by Duke Welf on the Martinsberg in Weingarten, and had received Judith's patronage. She also had bequeathed her magnificent library and a relic of Christ's Blood to the abbey. Her husband Duke Welf died in 1101 in Cyprus while returning home from the First Crusade.
     "Judith was described as having been a 'pious and inquisitive woman'; her piety was expressed in the many gifts and donations she made to the Church of St. Cuthbert in Durham, which included landed estates and an ornate crucifix. The latter allegedly was a present to appease the saint after she challenged St. Cuthbert's ruling that forbade women to enter the cathedral which housed his relics. Judith, angered that women were not permitted to set foot inside the church and wishing to worship at his tomb, had decided to put Cuthbert's prohibition to the test by ordering her serving woman to go inside to see what repercussions would follow for breaking the holy decree (Judith had planned to go herself upon the latter's safe return); when the woman was about to enter the churchyard, she was stricken by a sudden, violent force of wind that left her infirm and eventually killed her. Judith, as a result of superstitious fear, had the crucifix especially made for St. Cuthbert's shrine. Throughout her life, she collected and commissioned many books and illuminated manuscripts, some of which are extant, including the Gospels of Countess Judith, which are currently housed in Pierpont Morgan Library in New York City. These were written and illuminated by English scribes and artists to record for posterity Judith's generosity to the Church."²

; This is the same person as ”Judith of Flanders (died 1095)” at Wikipedia, as ”Judith de Flandre” at Wikipédia (FR), and as ”Judith von Flandern” at Wikipedia (DE).^23,24,25 Judith (?) van Vlaanderen, Countess of Northumberland was also known as Judith (?) van Vlaanderen.²

; NB: Weis seems to be the last of my major sources which still attributes Judith as the dau. of Richard III Duke of Normandy and his wife, Judith of Brittany. All of the others (The Henry Project, Genealogics and Med Lands, as well as Wikipedia) now accept that she was the dau. of Baudouin IV Graaf van Vlaanderen and his wife, Eleanor of Normandy. This latter is my choice. GA Vaut.^12,26

; This is the same person as ”Judith of Flanders” at The Henry Project.⁴

; Per Racines et Histoire: "Judith de Flandres ° ~1033 + 05/03/1094
     ép. 1) avant 09/1051 (ou 10/1058 ?) Tostig Godwinson of Northumbria +X 25/09/1066 (Stamford Bridge) earl of Northumbria (1055-10/1065) (fils de Godwin, earl of Wessex et de Gytha de Danemark)
     ép. 2) ~1071 duc Welf 1er (ou IV) de Bavière-Este + 09/11/1101 (Paphos, Chypre) (fils d’Alberto Azzo II, marchese d’Este et de Kunigunde von Altdorf.)²⁷ "

; Per Genealogy.EU: "Judith of Flanders, *ca 1037, +5.3.1094; 1m: X.1058 Tostig of Northumbria (+25.9.1066); 2m: ca 1071 Duke Welf IV of Bavaria (+1101.)²⁸"

; Per Med Lands:
     "JUDITH de Flandre ([1033]-[5] Mar 1094, bur St Martin Monastery). The Annalista Saxo names "Iudhita…amita Rodberti comitis de Flandria ex cognatione beati Ethmundi regis" as husband of "Haroldi" (in error for Tostig) but correctly names her second husband "Welphus filius Azzonis marchionis Italorum"[209]. The Genealogia Welforum names "filiam comitis Flandrie, reginam Anglie, Iuditam nomine" as wife of Welf[210]. Florence of Worcester says that Judith was "daughter of Baldwin Count of Flanders" but does not specify which Count Baldwin, nor is this clear from the context[211]. According to the Vita Ædwardi Regis, Judith was the sister of Count Baudouin V[212]. On the other hand, Alberic de Trois Fontaines asserts that Judith was one of the children of Baudouin V Count of Flanders and his wife Adela de France[213], but there are other clear errors in Alberic's listing of this couple's children so the statement should be viewed with caution. Judith is also listed as the daughter of Count Baudouin V (after Mathilde) in a manuscript whose attribution to Orderic Vitalis is disputed, which also shows her first marriage[214]. The date of her first marriage is confirmed by the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle which records that "earl Godwine" fled after the Council of 9 Sep 1051 "with Tostig and his wife who was a kinswoman of Baldwin of Bruges"[215]. Judith moved to Denmark after her first husband was killed. "Dux Gewelfo eiusque…uxor Iudita" donated property to Kloster Weingarten, with the consent of "filiorum suorum Gwelfonis et Heinrici", dated 12 Mar 1094[216]. The Chronicon of Bernold records the death "1094 IV Non Mar" of "Iuditha uxor ducis Welfonis Baioariæ" and her burial "apud monasterium…Sancti Martini" built by her husband[217]. The necrology of Raitenbuch records the death "III Non Mar" of "Iudinta regina Anglie, filia marchionis de Este uxor Welfonis nostri fundatoris"[218], exaggerating her status resulting from her first marriage and confusing her paternity. The necrology of Weingarten records the death "III Non Mar" of "Judita dux regina Anglie"[219], also exaggerating her status resulting from her first marriage.
     "m firstly (before Sep 1051) TOSTIG Godwinson, son of GODWIN Earl of Wessex & his wife Gytha of Denmark ([1025/30]-killed in battle Stamford Bridge 25 Sep 1066). He was created Earl of Northumbria in 1055[220].
     "m secondly ([1071]) as his second wife, WELF I Duke of Bavaria [Este], son of ALBERTO AZZO II Marchese d'Este & his first wife Kunigunde von Altdorf [Este] ([1030/40]-Paphos Cyprus 9 Nov 1101, bur Cyprus, removed to Weingarten, near Lake Constance)."
Med Lands cites:
; Per Genealogy.EU (Welf 2): "A1. [1m.] Welf IV Herzog von Bayern (1070-77)+(1096-1101), +Paphos, Cyprus 9.11.1101; 1m: (div 1070) Ethelinde, dau.of Otto von Northeim, Herzog von Bayern; 2m: 1071 Judith of Flanders OR Judith of Normandy (*ca 1033 +5.3.1094). By 1m. Welf acquired Bavaria."¹⁸
; Per Med Lands:
     "WELF [IV], son of ALBERTO AZZO [II] Conte di Luni [Este] & his first wife Kunigunde von Altdorf [Welf] ([1035/40]-Paphos Cyprus 9 Nov 1101, bur Cyprus, removed to Weingarten, near Lake Constance). The Annalista Saxo names "Welfum seniorum" son of "Azoni marchioni de Langobardia de castris Calun et Estin" (called "Welphus filius Azzonis marchionis Italorum" in an earlier passage[297]) and his wife "Cunizam"[298]. After the death of his maternal uncle Welf III, he was summoned from Italy by his maternal grandmother to inherit the Welf family properties in Swabia and Bavaria[299]. He was installed in 1070 as WELF I Duke of Bavaria by Heinrich IV King of Germany. Duke Welf supported Rudolf von Rheinfelden, anti-king of Germany, and was deposed as Duke of Bavaria in 1077 by Heinrich IV. "Heinricus…rex" granted property of "Welfo dux dum erat dux…in pago Passir…in comitatu Gerungi et in comitatu Friderici" to the church of Brixen by charter dated 1078[300]. "Dux Gewelfo eiusque…uxor Iudita" donated property to Kloster Weingarten, with the consent of "filiorum suorum Gwelfonis et Heinrici", dated 12 Mar 1094[301]. He sought to reassert his position in northern Italy against Emperor Heinrich IV by arranging, through Pope Urban II, the marriage of his son to the powerful landowner Matilda Ctss of Tuscany. In 1095, Welf IV was reconciled with the emperor, who regranted him the duchy of Bavaria[302]. He undertook an expedition to Italy after the death of his father in 1097 to assert his position in the inheritance over his half-brothers[303]. Albert of Aix records that "Willelmus comes et princeps Pictaviensium, de sanguine et origine Henrici tertii imperatoris Romanorum" crossed Hungary peacefully with "duce Bawariorum Welfone et…comitssa…Ida de marchia Osterrich", entered the territory of the Bulgars in which "duce Bulgarorum Guz" refused their passage into Adrianople, but that Guillaume captured "ducem Bulgarorum" who was forced to allow the pilgrims to continue, undated but in a passage adjacent to text which records events in 1101[304]. Albert of Aix records that, after their army was dispersed in Asia Minor by the Turks, Duke Welf eventually reached Jerusalem to complete his pilgrimage but died in Cyprus on the return journey[305]. Ekkehard records the death of Welf Duke of Bavaria and his burial in Cyprus[306]. The necrology of Weingarten records the death "V Id Nov" of "Welf dux senior hic sepultus"[307], which suggests that his body was moved after its first burial in Cyprus.
     "[m firstly ---. According to Jordan, the first wife of Duke Welf I was "the descendant of an unknown Italian line" but he cites no primary source in support of the statement[308]. No other reference to this alleged first marriage has been found.]
     "m [firstly/secondly] (divorced 1070) as her first husband, ETHELINDE von Northeim, daughter of OTTO I Graf von Northeim Duke of Bavaria & his wife Richenza of Swabia [Ezzonen]. The Annalista Saxo names "Heinricum Crassum comitem…Sifridum de Boumeneburh et Cononem comitem de Bichlinge et tres filias, ex quibus unam nomine Ethilindam accept Welpho dux Bawarie et postquam eam repudiavit duxit eam Herimannus comes de Calverla" as children of Otto von Northeim & his wife[309]. Her husband repudiated her after the disgrace of her father, whom Heinrich IV King of Germany deprived of the duchy of Bavaria[310]. She married secondly Hermann Graf von Calvelage. The Annales Stadenses refers to the four daughters of Otto, specifying that "tertia fuit uxor Hermanni de Calvela, que genuit Ottonem et Heinricum comites de Ravenesberch" without naming her[311].
     "m [secondly/thirdly] ([1071]) as her second husband, JUDITH de Flandre, widow of TOSTIG Godwinson Earl of Northumbria, daughter of BAUDOUIN IV Count of Flanders & his second wife [Eléonore] de Normandie ([1033]-[5] Mar 1094, bur St Martin Monastery). The Annalista Saxo names "Iudhita…amita Rodberti comitis de Flandria ex cognatione beati Ethmundi regis" as husband of "Haroldi" (in error for Tostig) but correctly names her second husband "Welphus filius Azzonis marchionis Italorum"[312]. The Genealogia Welforum names "filiam comitis Flandrie, reginam Anglie, Iuditam nomine" as wife of Welf[313]. Florence of Worcester says that Judith was "daughter of Baldwin Count of Flanders" but does not specify which Count Baldwin nor is this clear from the context[314]. According to the Vita Ædwardi Regis, she was the sister of Count Baudouin V[315]. Alberic de Trois Fontaines asserts that Judith was one of the children of Baudouin V Count of Flanders & his wife Adela de France[316], but there are other clear errors in his listing of this couple's children so the statement should be viewed with caution. Judith is also listed as the daughter of Count Baudouin V (after Mathilde) in a manuscript whose attribution to Orderic Vitalis is disputed, which also shows her first marriage[317]. The date of her first marriage is confirmed by the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle which records that "earl Godwine" fled after the Council of 9 Sep 1051 "with Tostig and his wife who was a kinswoman of Baldwin of Bruges"[318]. Judith moved to Denmark after her first husband was killed. "Dux Gewelfo eiusque…uxor Iudita" donated property to Kloster Weingarten, with the consent of "filiorum suorum Gwelfonis et Heinrici", dated 12 Mar 1094[319]. The Chronicon of Bernold records the death "1094 IV Non Mar" of "Iuditha uxor ducis Welfonis Baioariæ" and her burial "apud monasterium…Sancti Martini" built by her husband[320]. The necrology of Raitenbuch records the death "III Non Mar" of "Iudinta regina Anglie, filia marchionis de Este uxor Welfonis nostri fundatoris"[321], exaggerating her status resulting from her first marriage and confusing her paternity. The necrology of Weingarten records the death "III Non Mar" of "Judita dux regina Anglie"[322], also exaggerating her status resulting from her first marriage."
Med Lands cites:

; Per Genealogy.EU (Wessex page): "Tostig, Earl of Northumbria, Northampton and Nottingham (ca 1055-65) deprived of titles on 3.10.1065, *ca 1026, +k.a.Stamford Bridge, Northumberland 25.9.1066, bur York Minster; m.X.1051 Judith of Flanders (*ca 1037, +5.3.1094.)²⁹"

; Per Med Lands:
     "TOSTIG ([1025/30]-killed in battle Stamford Bridge 25 Sep 1066). Orderic Vitalis names “Suenum, Tosticum, Heraldum, Guorth, Elgarum, Leofvinum et Wlnodum” as the seven sons of “Githa Goduini comitis relicta”[547]. After joining his father's threatened armed rebellion against the king in 1051, Tostig fled to Bruges with his parents, although he returned the following year. He was created Earl of Northumbria in 1055 to succeed Earl Siward[548]. Northumbria rebelled against him in Oct 1065, after several years of Scottish raids which Tostig had failed to halt. In his place, the thegns of Yorkshire elected Morcar, younger brother of Edwin Earl of Mercia, as Earl of Northumbria. King Edward attempted unsuccessfully to crush the rebellion on Tostig's behalf, but Tostig was forced to flee to Flanders with his wife in Dec 1065[549]. Baudouin V Count of Flanders installed him as castellan of Saint-Omer[550]. Returning to England in search of revenge, he was repulsed from landing at Sandwich in Kent in May 1066, ravaged Norfolk and then sailed to the Humber where he was defeated by Edwin Earl of Mercia. Tostig sailed to Scotland, where he joined forces with Harald III "Hardråde" King of Norway who had recently arrived to invade England. Morkinskinna records that Tostig first sailed to Denmark to seek report from King Svend II, and then to Norway to King Harald III, sending “Gunnhildr´s son Guthormr” to offer Northumbria to the king in return for his help[551]. After defeating the Northumbrians at Gate Fulford near York 20 Sep 1066, their combined army was defeated by King Harold's forces at Stamford Bridge 25 Sep 1066, where both he and the Norwegian king were killed[552].
     "m (before Sep 1051) as her first husband, JUDITH de Flandre, daughter of BAUDOUIN IV Count of Flanders & his second wife [Eléonore] de Normandie ([1033]-[5] Mar 1094, bur St Martin Monastery). The Annalista Saxo names "Iudhita…amita Rodberti comitis de Flandria ex cognatione beati Ethmundi regis" as husband of "Haroldi" (in error for Tostig) but correctly names her second husband "Welphus filius Azzonis marchionis Italorum"[553]. The Genealogia Welforum names "filiam comitis Flandrie, reginam Anglie, Iuditam nomine" as wife of Welf[554]. Florence of Worcester says that Judith was "daughter of Baldwin Count of Flanders" but does not specify which Count Baldwin nor is this clear from the context[555]. According to the Vita Ædwardi Regis, she was the sister of Count Baudouin V[556]. Alberic de Trois Fontaines asserts that Judith was one of the children of Baudouin V Count of Flanders and his wife Adela de France[557], but there are other clear errors in his listing of this couple's children so the statement should be viewed with caution. Judith is also listed as the daughter of Count Baudouin V (after Mathilde) in a manuscript whose attribution to Orderic Vitalis is disputed, which also shows her first marriage[558]. The date of her first marriage is confirmed by the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle which records that "earl Godwine" fled after the Council of 9 Sep 1051 "with Tostig and his wife who was a kinswoman of Baldwin of Bruges"[559]. Judith moved to Denmark after her first husband was killed. "Dux Gewelfo eiusque…uxor Iudita" donated property to Kloster Weingarten, with the consent of "filiorum suorum Gwelfonis et Heinrici", dated 12 Mar 1094[560]. The Chronicon of Bernold records the death "1094 IV Non Mar" of "Iuditha uxor ducis Welfonis Baioariæ" and her burial "apud monasterium…Sancti Martini" built by her husband[561]. The necrology of Raitenbuch records the death "III Non Mar" of "Iudinta regina Anglie, filia marchionis de Este uxor Welfonis nostri fundatoris"[562], exaggerating her status resulting from her first marriage and confusing her paternity. The necrology of Weingarten records the death "III Non Mar" of "Judita dux regina Anglie"[563], also exaggerating her status resulting from her first marriage."
Med Lands cites:

; Per Genealogy.EU (Wessex): “B3. Tostig, Earl of Northumbria, Northampton and Nottingham (ca 1055-65) deprived of titles on 3.10.1065, *ca 1026, +k.a.Stamford Bridge, Northumberland 25.9.1066, bur York Minster; m.X.1051 Judith of Flanders (*ca 1037, +5.3.1094)”.¹⁶

     Eudo Odes (?) Bishop of Auxerre was born circa 1013 at France.¹
Eudo Odes (?) Bishop of Auxerre died after 1056.¹
      ; mentally retarded.¹

.⁶

     Bertha (?) des Deux-Bourgognes was born between 964 and 965; Genealogy EU says b. ca 967; Genealogics says b. ca 964/5; Wikipedia says b. 964.^{12,13,4,5,14,10} She married Eudes/Odo I de Blois Cte de Blois, Chartres, Châteaudun, Tours, Beauvais, Dreux, et de Meaux, Seigneur de Chinon et de Saumur, son of Thibault I/II "Le Tricheur" (?) comte de Blois, etc. and Luitgarde/Ledgarde (?) Cts de Vermandois, Duchess of Normandy, circa 983
;
Her 1st husband; Genealogics says m. ca 983; Med Lands says m. 978/80.^{12,13,15,4,8,10,16,17} Bertha (?) des Deux-Bourgognes married Robert II "The Pious/le Pieux" (?) King of France, son of Hugues Capet (?) Cte de Paris, Duc de France, King of France and Adélaïde/Aelis (?), between 996 and 997 at France
;
Her 2nd husband; his 2nd wife; Leo van de pas says m. 996.^{6,2,3,4,18,19,10,20} Bertha (?) des Deux-Bourgognes and Robert II "The Pious/le Pieux" (?) King of France were divorced circa 1001; Leo van de Pas says div. 1000; Med Lands says div. Sep 1001.^6,15,2,4,10
Bertha (?) des Deux-Bourgognes died after 1010; Genealogy EU (Blois 1 page; Welf 1 page) says d. after 1016; Wikipedia says d. 16 Jan 1010; Genealogics days d. aft 1010; Med Lands sayd s. 16 Jan after 1010.^{12,1,13,3,4,5,14,10}
     ; Per Med Lands:
     "ROBERT de France, son of HUGUES Capet King of France & his wife Adelais [de Poitou] (Orléans ([27 Mar] 972-Château de Melun 20 Jul 1031, bur église de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis). The Genealogiæ Scriptoris Fusniacensis names "Robertum regem et filiam Hadevidem…comitissam Hainonensium" as the children of King Hugues[177]. He was invested as associate-king with his father 25 Dec 987, consecrated 1 Apr 988 at the cathedral of Sainte-Croix in Orléans[178]. He succeeded his father in 996 as ROBERT II "le Pieux"[179] King of France. He claimed the duchy of Burgundy on the death of his paternal uncle Duke Henri in 1002, but took 12 years to complete its conquest in the face of opposition from Otto-Guillaume Comte de Mâcon[180]. After the death of Emperor Heinrich II in 1024, King Robert supported the rebels (led by Frédéric II Duke of Upper Lotharingia) opposed to King Konrad II but he refused the crown of Italy which they offered it to him. Robert nevertheless sent troops to attack Metz, but was repulsed[181]. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines records the death in 1031 of "rex Francorum Robertus"[182]. Rodolfus Glaber records the death of King Robert at Melun in July and his place of burial[183]. The necrology of Chartres cathedral records the death "XII Kal Aug" of "Rotbertus rex"[184]. The necrology of the abbey of Saint-Denis records the death "XIII Kal Aug" of "Rotbertus…Francorum rex"[185].
     "m firstly (988, before 1 Apr, repudiated [991/92]) as her second husband, ROZALA [Suzanne] di Ivrea, widow of ARNOUL II “le Jeune” Count of Flanders, daughter of BERENGARIO II ex-King of Italy [Ivrea] & his wife Willa of Tuscany-Arles ([950/960]-13 Dec 1003 or 7 Feb 1004, bur Gent, church of the Abbey de Saint-Pierre du Mont-Blandin). Regino records that two of the daughters (unnamed) of ex-King Berengario were brought up in the imperial palace by the empress after being brought to Germany[186]. One of these two daughters was presumably Rozala, bearing in mind that the emperor arranged her marriage. The Genealogica Comitum Flandriæ Bertiniana names "filiam Berengeri regis Langobardorum, Ruzelam quæ et Susanna" as wife of Comte Arnoul[187]. The Annales Elnonenses Minores record the marriage [undated between 950 and 968] of "Arnulfus iunior" and "filiam Beregeri regis Susannam"[188]. Her marriage was presumably arranged by Emperor Otto to increase his influence in Flanders at a time when Lothaire IV King of the West Franks was asserting his own control over the county. According to Nicholas, Count Arnoul II married Rozala di Ivrea when he reached the age of majority in 976[189], but the source on which this is based has not been located. "Baldwinus marchysus cum matre sua Susanna" donated "villam Aflingehem…jacentem in pago Tornacinse" to Saint-Pierre de Gand, after the death of "Arnulfi marchysi", by charter dated 1 Apr 988, signed by "…Waldberto advocato, Theoderico comite, Arnulfo comite, Artoldo comite, Baldwino comite, item Arnulfo comite…"[190]. The Vita Sancti Bertulfi names "Rozala filia…Berengarii Regis Italiæ", specifying that "post mortem Arnulfi [Balduini filius] principis, Roberto Regi Francorum nupsit et Susanna dicta"[191]. Kerrebrouck, presumably basing his supposition on this passage from the Vita Sancti Bertulfi, says that she adopted the name Suzanne on her second marriage[192], but the sources quoted above show that she was referred to by this name earlier. Hugues "Capet" King of France arranged her second marriage to his son and heir, apparently as a reward for Flemish help when he seized power in 987[193]. She was given Montreuil-sur-Mer by the county of Flanders as her dowry on her second marriage. Richer records that King Robert repudiated his wife "Susannam…genere Italicam eo quod anus esset" but refused to allow her to retake her castle at Montreuil, whereupon she constructed another nearby[194]. She returned to Flanders after she was repudiated by her second husband, and became one of the principal advisers of her son Count Baldwin IV. France retained Montreuil-sur-Mer. "Susanna regina cum filio suo Baldwino" donated "alodem suum…Atingehem…et in Testereph" to Saint-Pierre de Gand, for the soul of "filie sue Mathildis", by charter dated 26 Jun 995[195]. "Susanna regina…cum filio suo Baldwino" donated "alodem suum…in pago Flandrensi…in Holtawa…in Fresnere…in Clemeskirca…in Jatbeka…in Sclefteta…" to Saint-Pierre de Gand by charter dated 1 Jun 1003[196]. The Annales Elnonenses Minores records the death in 1003 of "Susanna regina"[197]. The Memorial of "regina Susanna" records her death "VII Feb"[198].
     "m secondly ([late 996/early 997], divorced Sep 1001) BERTHE of Burgundy, widow of EUDES I Comte de Blois et de Chartres, daughter of CONRAD I “le Pacifique” King of Burgundy [Welf] & his wife Mathilde de France [Carolingian] ([964/965]-16 Jan after 1010). The Liber Modernorum Regum Francorum names "Berta filia Conradi regis Burgundiæ" as wife of "Odone comite Carnotensium"[199]. This origin is corroborated by Rodulfus Glauber who names "Odo natus ex filia Chuonradi regis Austrasiorum, Berta nomine"[200]. “Odo comes” restored “villam...Culturas” to Marmoutier, for the souls of “...domini Hugonis archiepiscopi, cujus ibi corpus...jacet”, by charter dated to [986], subscribed by “Berte comitissæ uxoris eius, majoris filii eius Teutboldi, filii eius Odonis adhuc in cunabulo”[201]. Richer records that King Robert married "Berta Odonis uxor"[202]. “Berta...regina cum filiis meis Tetbaldo...episcopo nec non Odoni comitis” donated tonlieu over boats at Blois to Marmoutier by undated charter[203]. Pope Gregory V called on King Robert to repudiate his wife in 998 on grounds of consanguinity. The request was repeated in 1001 by the court of Rome. Robert at first refused and the kingdom of France was excommunicated[204]. "Bertæ reginæ, Odonis comitis filii eius…" subscribed the charter dated 1004 under which "Gislebertus prepositus" recorded a donation[205]. The king, in reaction to the 1108 assassination of his favourite Hugues de Beauvais who had served Queen Berthe, visited Rome in 1008 in an unsuccessful attempt to divorce his third wife in order to take back Berthe[206]. "Odonis comitis, Ermengardis uxoris eius, Bertæ reginæ…" subscribed the charter dated after 1005 under which "comitem Odonem" donated property "in comitatu Dunensi…Boscus Medius" to "Sancti Petri"[207]. The necrology of Chartres cathedral records the death "XVII Kal Feb" of "Berta mater Odonis comitis"[208].
     "m thirdly (after Sep 1001 before 25 Aug 1003) CONSTANCE d'Arles, daughter of GUILLAUME II “le Libérateur” Comte d’Arles [Provence] et Marquis & his second wife Adelais [Blanche] d’Anjou ([987/89]-Château de Melun 22 or 25 Jul 1032, bur église de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis). The Historia Francorum names "Constantiam, filiam Guillelmi comitis Arelatensis, natam de Blanca sorore Gaufridi comitis Andegavensis" as wife of King Robert[209]. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines also names "Constantia filia fuit Blanche comitisse Arelatensis" as wife of "Robertus rex"[210]. The Chronicon Hugonis names "Constantiam" as wife of "Robertus", specifying that she was "cognatam Hugonis Autisiodorensis episcopi comitis Cabilonensis"[211]. This is presumably based on Rodulfus Glaber who states incorrectly that "Constantiam…filiam…prioris Willemi Aquitanie ducis" was wife of King Robert II, specifying that she was "cognatam" of Hugues Comte de Chalon Bishop of Auxerre[212]. The only relationship so far identified between the two is that Constance's maternal uncle, Geoffroy I Comte d'Anjou, was the second husband of the mother of Comte Hugues. Rodulfus Glauber dates her marriage to "about the year 1000"[213]. The king attempted to separate from Constance in 1008 in order to take back his second wife, according to Rodulfus Glaber through the influence of "Hugo dictus Beluacensis"[214], but he restored Constance's royal prerogatives end-1009[215]. She opposed her husband's proposal to crown their second son Henri as associate king in 1026, supporting the candidature of her third son Robert[216]. She organised two revolts against King Robert, and another against her son King Henri I after his accession in 1031[217]. Rodolfus Glaber records the death of Queen Constance in the same city as her husband [Melun] and in the same month [July] in the following year, as well as her place of burial[218]. The necrology of the abbey of Saint-Germain-des-Prés records the death "XI Kal Aug" of "regina Constancia"[219]. The necrology of Argenteuil Priory records the death "VIII Kal Aug" of "Constancia regina"[220].
     "King Robert & his third wife had [seven] children"
Med Lands cites:
; Per Genealogy.EU (Capet 4): “B1. King ROBERT II "le Pieux" ("the Saint") of France (996-1031) cr 987, *Orleans 27.3.972, +Melun 20.7.1031, bur St.Denis; 1m: 988 (div 992) Rozela=Susana of Ivrea (*ca 950 +1003, bur Ghent); 2m: 997 (div 1003/5) Berthe des Deux-Bourgognes (+after 1017) dau.of King Rudolf III of Burgundy; 3m: 1003 Constance d'Arles (*ca 986, +25.7.1032)”.²¹

Reference: Genealogics cites:

; Per Genealogics:
     "Bertha was born about 964, the daughter of Conrad I, king of Bourgogne, and Mahaut de France. She was named for her father's mother Bertha von Schwaben. About 983 she married Eudes I, comte de Blois, son of Thibaut I 'the Deceiver', comte de Blois et Chartres, and Liutgarde/Ledgard de Vermandois. They had at least five children of whom Eudes II would have progeny.
     "After the death of her husband in 996, Bertha's cousin Robert II 'le Pieux', co-king of France, wished to marry her, in place of his first wife Rosela Roxana of Italy, who was many years his senior. The union was opposed by Robert's father Hugues Capet, king of France, due to the close relationship of husband and wife. However the marriage went ahead after Hugues' death in October 996, which left Robert as sole king.
     "The closeness of Robert and Bertha by blood was such that the Church authorities considered the marriage illegal. Accordingly, Pope Gregory V declared the pair excommunicate. This and the lack of children (save one, who lived and died in 999), caused Robert to agree to Pope Silvester II's demand to have the marriage annulled, which occurred in the year 1000. Robert went on to marry Constance de Provence the following year. Bertha remained unmarried. She died after 1010."²²

; This is the same person as:
”Bertha of Burgundy” at Wikipedia and as
”Berthe de Bourgogne” at Wikipédia (Fr.)^14,23 GAV-28 EDV-28 GKJ-27. Bertha (?) des Deux-Bourgognes was also known as Bertha (?) de Bourgogne.⁴

; Per Med Lands:
     "BERTHE de Bourgogne ([964/965]-16 Jan after 1010). The Liber Modernorum Regum Francorum names "Berta filia Conradi regis Burgundiæ" as wife of "Odone comite Carnotensium"[184]. “Odo comes” restored “villam...Culturas” to Marmoutier, for the souls of “...domini Hugonis archiepiscopi, cujus ibi corpus...jacet”, by charter dated to [986], subscribed by “Berte comitissæ uxoris eius, majoris filii eius Teutboldi, filii eius Odonis adhuc in cunabulo”[185]. Richer records that King Robert married "Berta Odonis uxor"[186]. Rodulfus Glauber names "Odo natus ex filia Chuonradi regis Austrasiorum, Berta nomine"[187]. "Hugonis ducis, Odonis comitis, Hugonis sanctæ Bituricensis archipræsulis, Letgardis comitissæ, Bertæ comitissæ, Gauzfridi vicecomitis…" subscribed the charter dated 985 under which "Robertus" donated property to "Sancti Petri Carnotensis", on the advice of "Odonem, simul cum sua matre Ledgarde, pariterque dominam meam Bertam, ipsius æque coniugem"[188]. “Berta...regina cum filiis meis Tetbaldo...episcopo nec non Odoni comitis” donated tonlieu over boats at Blois to Marmoutier by undated charter[189]. Pope Gregory V called on King Robert to repudiate his wife in 998 on grounds of consanguinity. The request was repeated in 1001 by the court of Rome, Robert at first refused and the kingdom of France was excommunicated[190]. "Bertæ reginæ, Odonis comitis filii eius…" subscribed the charter dated 1004 under which "Gislebertus prepositus" recorded a donation[191]. The king, in reaction to the 1108 assassination of his favourite Hugues de Beauvais who had served Queen Berthe, visited Rome in 1008 in an unsuccessful attempt to divorce his third wife in order to take back Berthe[192]. "Odonis comitis, Ermengardis uxoris eius, Bertæ reginæ…" subscribed the charter dated after 1005 under which "comitem Odonem" donated property "in comitatu Dunensi…Boscus Medius" to "Sancti Petri"[193]. The necrology of Chartres cathedral records the death "XVII Kal Feb" of "Berta mater Odonis comitis"[194].
     "m firstly ([978/80]) EUDES I Comte de Blois, son of THIBAUT I "le Tricheur" Comte de Blois & his wife Luitgardis de Vermandois (-995).
     "m secondly ([late 996/early 997], divorced Sep 1001) as his second wife, ROBERT II King of France, son of HUGUES Capet King of France & his wife Adelais d’Aquitaine (Orléans ([27 Mar] 972-Château de Melun 20 Jul 1031, bur église de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis)."
Med Lands cites:

; Per Genealogy.EU (Welf 1): “F5. [2m.] Berthe, +after 1016; 1m: Cte Eudes I de Blois (+995/6); 2m: 997 (div ca 1005) King Robert II of France (*27.3.972 +20.7.1031)”.²⁴

; Per Med Lands:
     "EUDES de Blois (-Châteaudun [12 Feb/4 Jul][59] 995, bur Tours, Abbaye de Saint-Martin, Marmoutier). "Odonis comitis filii Theobaldi comitis" subscribed the charter dated 950 under which Ragnfred Bishop of Chartres donated property to Chartres Saint-Père[60]. Rodulfus Glaber names "Odo…filius Tetbaldi Carnotensis cognomento fallacis", recording that he was "chief among the rebels…who rebelled against the king [Robert I] from positions that should have made them humble"[61]. Rodulfus Glauber names "Odonem" son of "Tetbaldus [et] sororem [Heribertum Trecorum comitem]"[62]. Ademar names "Odonis Campanensis" as brother of "Emma", mother of Guillaume Duke of Aquitaine[63]. Odalric Archbishop of Reims granted him Coucy after recovering it from Eudes's father[64]. He succeeded his father as EUDES I Comte de Blois, de Chartres, de Châteaudun, de Tours, de Beauvais et de Dreux. "Odo comes…" signed a charter dated Feb 977 of Chartres Saint-Père[65]. "Odoni comitis…" signed a charter dated Oct 977 relating to Bourgeuil[66]. "Ledgardis" donated property to "Sancti Petri Carnotensis ecclesiam", for the souls of "senioris mei…comitis Tedbaldi…patris mei Heirberti, Trecassini comitis", with the consent of "archipresule…Hugone et…comite Odone, filiis meis", by charter dated 5 Feb 978, signed by "…Emma comitissa Pictavæ urbis…"[67]. Seigneur de Chinon et de Saumur. A letter of Gerbert dated 983 records that "Heriberti Trecassini et Oddonis comitis filii Tedbaldi" were enemies of "Adelbero Remonis archiepiscopus"[68], while a letter dated to mid-985 records that "Ottonem, Heribertum" made peace with the archbishop[69]. “Odo comes” restored “villam...Culturas” to Marmoutier, for the souls of “...domini Hugonis archiepiscopi, cujus ibi corpus...jacet”, by charter dated to [986], subscribed by “Berte comitissæ uxoris eius, majoris filii eius Teutboldi, filii eius Odonis adhuc in cunabulo”[70]. A letter of Gerbert dated to [late 986/early 987] records that "O et Heribertus comites" were part of the council of Emma Queen of France[71]. It is assumed that "Oddonis/Ottonem/O" all refer to the same person. "Robert Vicomte de Blois" donated property to the abbey of Evron by charter dated 989 subscribed by "Odonis comitis, Rotberti filii eius, Tetbaldi filius eius, Odonis alterius filius, Hugonis vicecomitis Castridunensis, Raherii de Montigniaco"[72]. Rodolfus Glaber records his place of burial when stating that his son Eudes II was buried next to his father[73].
     "m ([978/80]) as her first husband, BERTHE of Burgundy, daughter of CONRAD I “le Pacifique” King of Burgundy [Welf] & his second wife Mathilde de France [Carolingian] ([964/965]-16 Jan after 1010). The Liber Modernorum Regum Francorum names "Berta filia Conradi regis Burgundiæ" wife of "Odone comite Carnotensium"[74]. Rodulfus Glauber names "Odo natus ex filia Chuonradi regis Austrasiorum, Berta nomine"[75]. "Hugonis ducis, Odonis comitis, Hugonis sanctæ Bituricensis archipræsulis, Letgardis comitissæ, Bertæ comitissæ, Gauzfridi vicecomitis…" subscribed the charter dated 985 under which "Robertus" donated property to "Sancti Petri Carnotensis", on the advice of "Odonem, simul cum sua matre Ledgarde, pariterque dominam meam Bertam, ipsius æque coniugem"[76]. “Odo comes” restored “villam...Culturas” to Marmoutier, for the souls of “...domini Hugonis archiepiscopi, cujus ibi corpus...jacet”, by charter dated to [986], subscribed by “Berte comitissæ uxoris eius, majoris filii eius Teutboldi, filii eius Odonis adhuc in cunabulo”[77]. A charter dated 996 records the confirmation by "comitissæ Berthæ" of the donation by "Odo comes" of property for the construction of the abbey of Bourgeuil, with the consent of "filiorum suorum Teobaldi…atque Odonis"[78]. She married secondly ([late 996/early 997], divorced [1003/05]) as his second wife, Robert II King of France. Richer records that King Robert married "Berta Odonis uxor"[79]. “Berta...regina cum filiis meis Tetbaldo...episcopo nec non Odoni comitis” donated tonlieu over boats at Blois to Marmoutier by undated charter[80]. "Bertæ reginæ, Odonis comitis filii eius…" subscribed the charter dated 1004 under which "Gislebertus prepositus" recorded a donation[81]. "Odonis comitis, Ermengardis uxoris eius, Bertæ reginæ…" subscribed the charter dated after 1005 under which "comitem Odonem" donated property "in comitatu Dunensi…Boscus Medius" to "Sancti Petri"[82]. The necrology of Chartres cathedral records the death "XVII Kal Feb" of "Berta mater Odonis comitis"[83]."
Med Lands cites:

; Per Genealogy.EU (Blois 1): “A3. Cte Eudes I de Blois, de Chartres, de Châteaudun, de Tours, de Beauvais et de Dreux, etc, *950, +12.3.995/996; m.ca 983 Bertha of Burgundy (*ca 967 +after 1016)”.²⁵

; Per Racines et Histoire (Blois-Chartres): “Eudes 1er de Blois ° ~948/50 + entre 12/02 et 04/07/995 (Châteaudun) ou 12/03/995/96 (Marmoutier) comte de Blois (975), Chartres, Châteaudun, Tours, Beauvais et Dreux (975), de Meaux (~983), seigneur de Chinon et de Saumur, rebelle au Roi Robert 1er, investi de Coucy par l’Archevêque de Reims (cité dans une charte de l’Evêque Ragnfred de Chartres en 950)
     ép. ~983/86 Berthe de Bourgogne ° ~964/65 + un 16/01 après 1010 (1016 ?) (fille de Conrad 1er «Le Pacifique», Roi Welf de Bourgogne, et de Mathilde de France ; ép. 2) 997 (div. 1003/05) Robert II, Roi de France) (souscrit une charte de donation en 1004)”.⁸ She was Queen consort of the Franks between 996 and 1000.¹⁴

     Charles (?) Abbot of Charlieu died; died young.¹ He was born in 1085.¹

      ; Genealogy.EU says illegitimate son of Robert II. However The Henry Project says: "A son named Raoul (Radulf or Rudolf) is attributed by some secondary sources to Robert and an anonymous concubine. The existence of this man is highly improbable. Aubry de Troisfontaines stated under the year 1060 that he was archbishop of Bourges: sub eo [Pope Nicholas II] autem floruit archiepiscopatus Radulfus Bituricensis, vir sanctus, frater regis Francie Henrici. Qui papa exemit episcopum Podiensem, dicto archiepiscopo contradicente et ad iudicium divinum appellante, Aubry 792, followed by Brandenburg 82 (generation XI #246d) placing him as archbishop ca. 1069]. However, this see was held by Aimon of Bourbon from 1031 to 1071, and his successors from then until 1120 were named Richard, Audebert and Leger respectively (see Gams 523). Aubry’s account was apparently muddled with the intrusion of Étienne de Polignac as bishop of Le Puy – for which he was excommunicated by Pope Gregory VII in 1075 and 1076 (see Gams 538 and 604), not by Nicholas II – and also perhaps with Aimon of Bourbon’s predecessor Gauzlin, archbishop of Bourges from 1014 until his death in 1029, who on very flimsy evidence is held by some historians to have been an illegitimate son of Hugues Capet."^1,2

     Rosella/Susanna (?) Princess of Ivrea, Dame de Montreuil was born circa 952; Genealogy.EU (Ivrea 1 page) says b. 945; Leo van de Pas says b. ca 955; Racines et Histoire says b 950/60; Wikipedia says b. 950-960; Med Lands says b. 950/960.^{9,1,2,5,10,11} She married Arnulf (Arnold) II "The Young" (?) Graaf van Vlaanderen, son of Baudouin (Baldwin ) III (?) Graaf van Vlaanderen, Comte d'Artois and Mathilde/Maud Billung (?) von Sachsen, circa 968
;
Her 1st husband.^{12,1,4,2,13,5,10,11,14,15,3} Rosella/Susanna (?) Princess of Ivrea, Dame de Montreuil married Robert II "The Pious/le Pieux" (?) King of France, son of Hugues Capet (?) Cte de Paris, Duc de France, King of France and Adélaïde/Aelis (?), on 1 April 988
;
His 1st wife; her 2nd husband.^{16,1,2,17,5,18,11,19,20,3} Rosella/Susanna (?) Princess of Ivrea, Dame de Montreuil and Robert II "The Pious/le Pieux" (?) King of France were divorced between 991 and 992; repudiated.^{21,1,2,5,11,19}
Rosella/Susanna (?) Princess of Ivrea, Dame de Montreuil died on 13 December 1003 at Ghent, Flanders, Belgium (now); Genealogics says d. 7 Feb 1003; Med Lands says d. "13 Dec 1003 or 7 Feb 1004"; The Henry Project says d. 13 Dec 1003.^{12,1,4,2,13,22,11,3}
Rosella/Susanna (?) Princess of Ivrea, Dame de Montreuil was buried after 13 December 1003 at Abbaye De Saint Pierre-Du-Mont Blandin, Ghent, Arrondissement Gent, East Flanders (Oost-Vlaanderen), Belgium; From Find A Grave:
     BIRTH     unknown, Italy
     DEATH     Feb 1003, Ghent, Arrondissement Gent, East Flanders (Oost-Vlaanderen), Belgium
     Rosele of Italy was the daughter of King Berengar II of Italy. By her first marriage, she was Countess of Flanders; by her second, she was Queen of France. She was a seventh generation descendant of Charlemagne.
     Her first marriage was to Count Arnulf II of Flanders (d. 988). They had three children: Baldwin IV of Flanders (980–1035); Eudes of Cambrai; and Mathilda (d. 995). On her husband's death, she acted as regent for her young son.
     In 988 or 989, despite being over fifty years old, she married Robert the Pious, the King of France; he was not particularly happy about the marriage, which had been arranged by his father, King Hugh of France. She brought her husband Montreuil and Ponthieu as a dowry. Upon her marriage, she took the name of Susannah.
     When her father-in-law died, however, Robert repudiated her, desiring to marry Bertha of Burgundy in her place. Rosele then retired to Flanders, where she died and was buried. Robert retained control of her dowry.
     Family Members
     Parents
          Berengar II Of Italy
          Willa Of Tuscany
     Spouses
          Arnold II of Flanders 961–987
          Robert II 972–1031
     Siblings
          Conrad Of Ivrea unknown–1001
          Guy Of Ivrea
          Adalbert Of Italy 936–961
     Children
          Baldwin IV of Flanders 980–1035
     BURIAL     Abbaye De Saint Pierre-Du-Mont Blandin, Ghent, Arrondissement Gent, East Flanders (Oost-Vlaanderen), Belgium
     Created by: Kat
     Added: 19 Feb 2012
     Find A Grave Memorial 85197053
     SPONSORED BY Billie Jasper.^1,5,23
      ; Per Racines et Histoire (Frlandres): "Arnoul (Arnulf) II «Le Jeune» de Flandres ° ~961/62 + 30/03/987 (Gand ?) comte de Flandres (964-988) d’abord sous la tutelle de Baudouin (Balzo) de Boulogne, fait comte de Courtrai (majeur en 976) ép. ~968 Rozala di Ivrea ° 950/60 + 13/12/1003 (ou 26/01 ou 07/02/1003, 1009 ?) conseillère de son fils Baudouin IV (fille de Berengario II, ex-roi d’Italie, et de Willa de Toscane- Arles ; mariage arrangé par l’empereur Otto 1er ; ép. 2 ) avant 01/04 988 (répud.) sous le nom de Suzanne Robert II, roi de France en lui apportant Montreuil en douaire, conservé par la France.)²²"

; Per Med Lands:
     "ARNOUL de Flandre, son of BAUDOUIN III Joint Count of Flanders & his wife Mathilde [Billung] of Saxony ([961/62]-30 Mar 987, bur Gent). The Annales Elnonenses Minores record that "Arnulfus, filius Balduini ex Matilde"[165] succeeded his grandfather in 964 as ARNOUL II “le Jeune” Count of Flanders, under the guardianship of his father's first cousin Baudouin Baldzo [de Boulogne] who made himself Comte de Courtrai. Taking advantage of the weakness of the county during Count Arnoul's minority, [his uncle] Dirk II Count of [Holland] captured Gent and Waas, and Lothaire King of the West Franks occupied the south-east of the county, ostensibly in the role of protector of the young count[166]. To counter the perceived threat from France, Emperor Otto II established marches on the right bank of the river Schelde, from Valenciennes in the south to Antwerp in the north[167]. "Godefridi comitis, Ingelberti advocati, Arnulfi junioris marchysi…" signed the charter dated 11 Apr 969 under which "Theodericus comes" donated "sui iuris possessionem…Frilingim in pago Flandrensi" to Saint-Pierre de Gand[168]. "Arnulfus…marchysus" confirmed the possession of "Harnas…in pago Seirbiu" to Saint-Pierre de Gand by charter dated 31 Jan 972, signed by "Theoderici comitis…Arnulfi Bononiensis comitis, Engelberti advocati…"[169]. "Arnulfi…junioris marchysi, Herimanni comitis filiis Godefridi comitis, Wiggeri, Ingelberti advocati…" signed the charter dated [21 Jan] 974 under which "Godefridus comes et uxor sua Mathildis" donated "regium fiscum Holinium…in pago Tornacensi…et…Ramelgeis ecclesia…" to Saint-Pierre de Gand[170]. "Arnulfo juniore marchyso…" signed the charter dated 2 Oct 974 under which "Theodericus comes et uxor sua Hildegardis" donated "in villa Haleftra in pago Mempesco sita" to Saint-Pierre de Gand[171]. Arnoul's majority was declared in 976. The Annales Blandinienses record the death in 989 of "Arnulfus marchysus, nepos magni Arnulfii"[172].
     "m ([968][173]) as her first husband, ROZALA [Suzanne] di Ivrea, daughter of BERENGARIO II ex-King of Italy [Ivrea] & his wife Willa of Tuscany-Arles ([950/960]-13 Dec 1003 or 7 Feb 1004, bur Gent, St Pieter). Regino records that two of the daughters (unnamed) of ex-King Berengario were brought up in the imperial palace by the empress after being brought to Germany[174]. One of these two daughters was presumably Rozala, bearing in mind that the emperor arranged her marriage. The Genealogica Comitum Flandriæ Bertiniana names "filiam Berengeri regis Langobardorum, Ruzelam quæ et Susanna" as wife of Comte Arnoul[175]. The Annales Elnonenses Minores record the marriage [undated between 950 and 968] of "Arnulfus iunior" and "filiam Beregeri regis Susannam"[176]. Her marriage was presumably arranged by Emperor Otto to increase his influence in Flanders at a time when Lothaire IV King of the West Franks was asserting his own control over the county. According to Nicholas, Count Arnoul II married Rozala di Ivrea when he reached the age of majority in 976[177], but the source on which this is based has not been identified. "Baldwinus marchysus cum matre sua Susanna" donated "villam Aflingehem…jacentem in pago Tornacinse" to Saint-Pierre de Gand, after the death of "Arnulfi marchysi", by charter dated 1 Apr 988, signed by "…Waldberto advocato, Theoderico comite, Arnulfo comite, Artoldo comite, Baldwino comite, item Arnulfo comite…"[178]. She married secondly (988 before 1 Apr[179], repudiated [991/92]) as his first wife, Robert Associate-King of France, who succeeded his father in 996 as Robert II King of France. The Vita Sancti Bertulfi names "Rozala filia…Berengarii Regis Italiæ", specifying that "post mortem Arnulfi [Balduini filius] principis, Roberto Regi Francorum nupsit et Susanna dicta"[180]. Kerrebrouck, presumably basing his supposition on this passage from the Vita Sancti Bertulfi, says that she adopted the name Suzanne on her second marriage[181], but the sources quoted above show that she was referred to by this name earlier. Hugues "Capet" King of France arranged her second marriage to his son and heir, apparently as a reward for Flemish help when he seized power in 987[182]. She was given Montreuil-sur-Mer by the county of Flanders as her dowry on her second marriage. Richer records that King Robert repudiated his wife "Susannam…genere Italicam eo quod anus esset" but refused to allow her to retake her castle at Montreuil, whereupon she constructed another nearby[183]. She returned to Flanders after she was repudiated by her second husband, and became one of the principal advisers of her son Count Baldwin IV. France retained Montreuil-sur-Mer. "Susanna regina cum filio suo Baldwino" donated "alodem suum…Atingehem…et in Testereph" to Saint-Pierre de Gand, for the soul of "filie sue Mathildis", by charter dated 26 Jun 995[184]. "Susanna regina…cum filio suo Baldwino" donated "alodem suum…in pago Flandrensi…in Holtawa…in Fresnere…in Clemeskirca…in Jatbeka…in Sclefteta…" to Saint-Pierre de Gand by charter dated 1 Jun 1003[185]. The Annales Elnonenses Minores records the death in 1003 of "Susanna regina"[186]. The Memorial of "regina Susanna" records her death "VII Feb"[187]."
Med Lands cites:

; Per Genealogy.EU: "Arnulf II of Flanders (965-988), *961/2, +30.3.987, bur Ghent; m.ca 968 Rosele=Suzanna of Ivrea (*945 +26.1.1003), dau.of Berenger II of Italy."⁴

; Per Med Lands:
     "ROBERT de France, son of HUGUES Capet King of France & his wife Adelais [de Poitou] (Orléans ([27 Mar] 972-Château de Melun 20 Jul 1031, bur église de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis). The Genealogiæ Scriptoris Fusniacensis names "Robertum regem et filiam Hadevidem…comitissam Hainonensium" as the children of King Hugues[177]. He was invested as associate-king with his father 25 Dec 987, consecrated 1 Apr 988 at the cathedral of Sainte-Croix in Orléans[178]. He succeeded his father in 996 as ROBERT II "le Pieux"[179] King of France. He claimed the duchy of Burgundy on the death of his paternal uncle Duke Henri in 1002, but took 12 years to complete its conquest in the face of opposition from Otto-Guillaume Comte de Mâcon[180]. After the death of Emperor Heinrich II in 1024, King Robert supported the rebels (led by Frédéric II Duke of Upper Lotharingia) opposed to King Konrad II but he refused the crown of Italy which they offered it to him. Robert nevertheless sent troops to attack Metz, but was repulsed[181]. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines records the death in 1031 of "rex Francorum Robertus"[182]. Rodolfus Glaber records the death of King Robert at Melun in July and his place of burial[183]. The necrology of Chartres cathedral records the death "XII Kal Aug" of "Rotbertus rex"[184]. The necrology of the abbey of Saint-Denis records the death "XIII Kal Aug" of "Rotbertus…Francorum rex"[185].
     "m firstly (988, before 1 Apr, repudiated [991/92]) as her second husband, ROZALA [Suzanne] di Ivrea, widow of ARNOUL II “le Jeune” Count of Flanders, daughter of BERENGARIO II ex-King of Italy [Ivrea] & his wife Willa of Tuscany-Arles ([950/960]-13 Dec 1003 or 7 Feb 1004, bur Gent, church of the Abbey de Saint-Pierre du Mont-Blandin). Regino records that two of the daughters (unnamed) of ex-King Berengario were brought up in the imperial palace by the empress after being brought to Germany[186]. One of these two daughters was presumably Rozala, bearing in mind that the emperor arranged her marriage. The Genealogica Comitum Flandriæ Bertiniana names "filiam Berengeri regis Langobardorum, Ruzelam quæ et Susanna" as wife of Comte Arnoul[187]. The Annales Elnonenses Minores record the marriage [undated between 950 and 968] of "Arnulfus iunior" and "filiam Beregeri regis Susannam"[188]. Her marriage was presumably arranged by Emperor Otto to increase his influence in Flanders at a time when Lothaire IV King of the West Franks was asserting his own control over the county. According to Nicholas, Count Arnoul II married Rozala di Ivrea when he reached the age of majority in 976[189], but the source on which this is based has not been located. "Baldwinus marchysus cum matre sua Susanna" donated "villam Aflingehem…jacentem in pago Tornacinse" to Saint-Pierre de Gand, after the death of "Arnulfi marchysi", by charter dated 1 Apr 988, signed by "…Waldberto advocato, Theoderico comite, Arnulfo comite, Artoldo comite, Baldwino comite, item Arnulfo comite…"[190]. The Vita Sancti Bertulfi names "Rozala filia…Berengarii Regis Italiæ", specifying that "post mortem Arnulfi [Balduini filius] principis, Roberto Regi Francorum nupsit et Susanna dicta"[191]. Kerrebrouck, presumably basing his supposition on this passage from the Vita Sancti Bertulfi, says that she adopted the name Suzanne on her second marriage[192], but the sources quoted above show that she was referred to by this name earlier. Hugues "Capet" King of France arranged her second marriage to his son and heir, apparently as a reward for Flemish help when he seized power in 987[193]. She was given Montreuil-sur-Mer by the county of Flanders as her dowry on her second marriage. Richer records that King Robert repudiated his wife "Susannam…genere Italicam eo quod anus esset" but refused to allow her to retake her castle at Montreuil, whereupon she constructed another nearby[194]. She returned to Flanders after she was repudiated by her second husband, and became one of the principal advisers of her son Count Baldwin IV. France retained Montreuil-sur-Mer. "Susanna regina cum filio suo Baldwino" donated "alodem suum…Atingehem…et in Testereph" to Saint-Pierre de Gand, for the soul of "filie sue Mathildis", by charter dated 26 Jun 995[195]. "Susanna regina…cum filio suo Baldwino" donated "alodem suum…in pago Flandrensi…in Holtawa…in Fresnere…in Clemeskirca…in Jatbeka…in Sclefteta…" to Saint-Pierre de Gand by charter dated 1 Jun 1003[196]. The Annales Elnonenses Minores records the death in 1003 of "Susanna regina"[197]. The Memorial of "regina Susanna" records her death "VII Feb"[198].
     "m secondly ([late 996/early 997], divorced Sep 1001) BERTHE of Burgundy, widow of EUDES I Comte de Blois et de Chartres, daughter of CONRAD I “le Pacifique” King of Burgundy [Welf] & his wife Mathilde de France [Carolingian] ([964/965]-16 Jan after 1010). The Liber Modernorum Regum Francorum names "Berta filia Conradi regis Burgundiæ" as wife of "Odone comite Carnotensium"[199]. This origin is corroborated by Rodulfus Glauber who names "Odo natus ex filia Chuonradi regis Austrasiorum, Berta nomine"[200]. “Odo comes” restored “villam...Culturas” to Marmoutier, for the souls of “...domini Hugonis archiepiscopi, cujus ibi corpus...jacet”, by charter dated to [986], subscribed by “Berte comitissæ uxoris eius, majoris filii eius Teutboldi, filii eius Odonis adhuc in cunabulo”[201]. Richer records that King Robert married "Berta Odonis uxor"[202]. “Berta...regina cum filiis meis Tetbaldo...episcopo nec non Odoni comitis” donated tonlieu over boats at Blois to Marmoutier by undated charter[203]. Pope Gregory V called on King Robert to repudiate his wife in 998 on grounds of consanguinity. The request was repeated in 1001 by the court of Rome. Robert at first refused and the kingdom of France was excommunicated[204]. "Bertæ reginæ, Odonis comitis filii eius…" subscribed the charter dated 1004 under which "Gislebertus prepositus" recorded a donation[205]. The king, in reaction to the 1108 assassination of his favourite Hugues de Beauvais who had served Queen Berthe, visited Rome in 1008 in an unsuccessful attempt to divorce his third wife in order to take back Berthe[206]. "Odonis comitis, Ermengardis uxoris eius, Bertæ reginæ…" subscribed the charter dated after 1005 under which "comitem Odonem" donated property "in comitatu Dunensi…Boscus Medius" to "Sancti Petri"[207]. The necrology of Chartres cathedral records the death "XVII Kal Feb" of "Berta mater Odonis comitis"[208].
     "m thirdly (after Sep 1001 before 25 Aug 1003) CONSTANCE d'Arles, daughter of GUILLAUME II “le Libérateur” Comte d’Arles [Provence] et Marquis & his second wife Adelais [Blanche] d’Anjou ([987/89]-Château de Melun 22 or 25 Jul 1032, bur église de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis). The Historia Francorum names "Constantiam, filiam Guillelmi comitis Arelatensis, natam de Blanca sorore Gaufridi comitis Andegavensis" as wife of King Robert[209]. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines also names "Constantia filia fuit Blanche comitisse Arelatensis" as wife of "Robertus rex"[210]. The Chronicon Hugonis names "Constantiam" as wife of "Robertus", specifying that she was "cognatam Hugonis Autisiodorensis episcopi comitis Cabilonensis"[211]. This is presumably based on Rodulfus Glaber who states incorrectly that "Constantiam…filiam…prioris Willemi Aquitanie ducis" was wife of King Robert II, specifying that she was "cognatam" of Hugues Comte de Chalon Bishop of Auxerre[212]. The only relationship so far identified between the two is that Constance's maternal uncle, Geoffroy I Comte d'Anjou, was the second husband of the mother of Comte Hugues. Rodulfus Glauber dates her marriage to "about the year 1000"[213]. The king attempted to separate from Constance in 1008 in order to take back his second wife, according to Rodulfus Glaber through the influence of "Hugo dictus Beluacensis"[214], but he restored Constance's royal prerogatives end-1009[215]. She opposed her husband's proposal to crown their second son Henri as associate king in 1026, supporting the candidature of her third son Robert[216]. She organised two revolts against King Robert, and another against her son King Henri I after his accession in 1031[217]. Rodolfus Glaber records the death of Queen Constance in the same city as her husband [Melun] and in the same month [July] in the following year, as well as her place of burial[218]. The necrology of the abbey of Saint-Germain-des-Prés records the death "XI Kal Aug" of "regina Constancia"[219]. The necrology of Argenteuil Priory records the death "VIII Kal Aug" of "Constancia regina"[220].
     "King Robert & his third wife had [seven] children"
Med Lands cites:

; Per Genealogy.EU (Capet 4): “B1. King ROBERT II "le Pieux" ("the Saint") of France (996-1031) cr 987, *Orleans 27.3.972, +Melun 20.7.1031, bur St.Denis; 1m: 988 (div 992) Rozela=Susana of Ivrea (*ca 950 +1003, bur Ghent); 2m: 997 (div 1003/5) Berthe des Deux-Bourgognes (+after 1017) dau.of King Rudolf III of Burgundy; 3m: 1003 Constance d'Arles (*ca 986, +25.7.1032)”.²⁴

; According to The Henry Project: "Rozala alias Susanna, d. 13 December 1003, daughter of Berengar II, king of Italy. She m. (2) Robert II, king of France.
["Arnulfus, filius eius [Mathilde] ex priori marito Balduino, duxit filiam Berengeri regis Langobardorum, Ruzelam quae et Susanna, ex qua suscepit Balduinum Barbatum." Genealogia comitum Flandriae Bertiniana, MGH SS 9: 306] Rozala changed her name to Susanna after the death of her first husband Arnulf ["Post immaturum Arnulfi iunioris marchionis mortem, cuius avus Magnus exstitit Arnulfus, Balduinus, filius eius, cum matre Rozala derelictus est parvulus. Hic enim est qui postea Prolixae-barbae dictus est Balduinus, cuius mater Rozala filia fuit Berengarii regis Italiae, quae post mortem Arnulfi principis Roberto regi Francorum nupsit, et Susanna dicta mutato nomine, regina regnavit." Ex vita Bertulfi Renticensis, c. 33, MGH SS 15, part 2: 638]. She died in 1003 ["Obiit Susanna regina." Ann. Bland. & Ann. Elnonenses, s.a. 1003, Grierson (1937), 23, 153], undoubtedly on 13 December, the date recorded in the Lüneburg necrology [see Althoff (1984), 373 (K 48)], and not on the "ante dies septem mensis Februarii" recorded in her supposed epitaph ["Hoc conditorio regina Susanna quiescit, / Hic spectans reditum iudicis etherei. / Occidit ante dies septem mensis Februarii, / Dans animam superis ossaque, terra, tibi." MGH Poetae Latini 5: 299].“.³

; Per Genealogy.DU: "Pss Rosele=Suzanne of Ivrea, Dame de Montreuil, *945, +Ghent 26.1.1003, bur there; 1m: ca 968 Ct Arnulf II of Flanders (+30.3.987); 2m: 988 (repudiated 992) King Robert II of France (*972 +1031)"

[See Note Per Med Lands].¹

; Per Genealogics:
     "Rozala was born about 955, the daughter of Berengar II, king of Italy, and Willa of Tuscany. It is almost certain that Rozala (meaning 'little Red') was a nickname, and that she was christened Susanna, the name by which she was known in and after her marriage in 968 to the seven year old Arnulf II, count of Flanders, son of Baudouin III, count of Flanders, and Mathilde of Saxony. They had a son Baudouin IV, born about 980, who would have progeny, and a daughter Mathilde. On her husband's death in 987, she acted as regent for her young son.
     "Before 1 April 988 Rozala/Susanna married secondly the much younger Robert II 'le Pieux', son of Hugues Capet, king of France, and his wife Aelis. The marriage had been arranged by his father. According to a disputed account she brought her husband Montreuil and Ponthieu as a dowry, but others assert that she was deprived of her right to that territory. She was the queen consort of the co-ruling king Robert, under senior king Hugues Capet. From 991/992 the couple lived basically separated as Rozala had become too old to have more children and they were not happy together.
     "When her father-in-law died in 996, Robert repudiated her completely, desiring to marry Bertha de Bourgogne in her place. That marriage was not lawful because of too close a kinship so Robert married a third time about 1001 with Constance de Provence, who bore him seven children.
     "Rozala retired to Flanders, where she died at Gent on 7 February 1003. Robert retained control of her 'dowry' of Montreuil and Ponthieu. She was known as Queen Susanna for the rest of her life."

[See Note Per Med Lands]²

; Per Wikipédia (Fr.):
     "Rozala d’Italie ou d'Ivrée, surnommée Suzanne (née vers 950-960 et morte le 13 décembre 1003 ou 7 février 10041), comtesse de Flandre par mariage, puis très brièvement reine des Francs, était la fille du roi d’Italie Bérenger II.
Biographie
     "Elle épousa en premières noces le comte de Flandre Arnould II (961 - † 987), dont elle eut :
     "Son fils étant mineur à son avènement, elle assura la régence.
     "Devenue veuve, et malgré la différence d'âge (dix-sept ans de plus que son futur mari), elle épousa alors le roi de France associé Robert II le Pieux en 988, selon les souhaits de son père Hugues Capet. La dot était intéressante, puisqu'elle apportait Montreuil et le Ponthieu2. Devenu seul roi, Robert la répudia (v. 991/992) tout en gardant la dot.
     "Rozala, qui avait changé son prénom en devenant reine pour celui de Suzanne, se retira en Flandre auprès de son fils Baudouin IV2 où elle mourut et fut inhumée en l'abbaye Saint-Pierre-au-Mont-Blandin à Gand. En fin d'année 996 ou début 997, le roi Robert II épousa Berthe de Bourgogne veuve d'Eudes Ier de Blois.
Références
1. « Rozala [Suzanne] d'Ivrea » [archive], sur sur Medieval Lands, Foundation for Medieval Genealogy — fmg.ac (consulté en septembre 2019).
2. Christian Bouyer, Dictionnaire des Reines de France, Librairie Académique Perrin, 1992 (ISBN 2-262-00789-6)."

[See Note Per Med Lands]²⁵

; Per Wikipedia:
     "Rozala of Italy (also known as Rozala of Lombardy, Rozala of Ivrea or Susanna of Ivrea; c.?950–960 –1003) was a Countess of Flanders and Queen consort of the Franks. She was regent of Flanders in 987-988 during the minority of her son.
Biography
     "Rozala (Susanna), born sometime between 950–960, was the daughter of King Berengar of Ivrea, King of Italy (c. 900 – 966).[1] Her mother was Willa of Tuscany, the daughter of Boso, Margrave of Tuscany and his wife Willa.[2] In 968 she married Arnulf II, Count of Flanders (d. 987).[3] On her husband's death, she acted as regent for her young son.
     "On c.?1 April 988 she married secondly the much younger Robert the Pious (972–1031), the Rex Filius of France; the marriage had been arranged by his father Hugh Capet.[4][3] According to disputed account she brought her husband Montreuil[3] and Ponthieu as a dowry, others assert that she was bequeathed her right to that territory. Upon her marriage, she took the name of Susannah, and was the queen consort of the co-ruling king Robert, under senior King Hugh. From 991/992 the couple lived basically separated as Rozala had become too old[3] (c. 38) to have more children and they lacked marital happiness.
     "When her father-in-law died in 996, however, Robert repudiated her completely, desiring to marry Bertha of Burgundy in her place.[5] That marriage was not lawful because of too close kinship so Robert married a third time 1003 with Constance of Arles who bore him seven children.
     "Rozala retired back to Flanders, where she died and was buried. Robert retained control of her "dowry",[3] or the rights to the mentioned territory.
Marriages
     "Rozala was firstly (968–987) married to Arnulf II, Count of Flanders.[6] They had the following children:
     "The second marriage (988–996) with Robert II of France did not produce any children.[3]
Notes
1. Detlev Schwennicke, Europäische Stammtafeln: Stammtafeln zur Geschichte der Europäischen Staaten, Neue Folge, Band II (Marburg, Germany: J. A. Stargardt, 1984), Tafel 5
2. Detlev Schwennicke, Europäische Stammtafeln: Stammtafeln zur Geschichte der Europäischen Staaten, Neue Folge, Band II (Marburg, Germany: J. A. Stargardt, 1984), Tafel 59
3. Vasiliev 1951, p. 233-234.
4. Poppe 1976, p. 232.
5. Detlev Schwennicke, Europäische Stammtafeln: Stammtafeln zur Geschichte der Europäischen Staaten, Neue Folge, Band II (Marburg, Germany: J. A. Stargardt, 1984), Tafel 11
6. Nicholas 1992, p. 44.
References
** Nicholas, David (1992). Medieval Flanders. Longman.
** Poppe, Andrzej (1976). "The Political Background to the Baptism of Rus': Byzantine-Russian Relations between 986-89". Dumbarton Oaks Papers. 30: 195. doi:10.2307/1291395. JSTOR 1291395.
** Vasiliev, Aleksandr Aleksandrovich (1951). "Hugh Capet of France and Byzantium". Dumbarton Oaks Papers. 6: 227. doi:10.2307/1291087. JSTOR 1291087."

[See Note Per Med Lands]¹⁰ GAV-27 EDV-28 GKJ-28. Rosella/Susanna (?) Princess of Ivrea, Dame de Montreuil was also known as Rozala di Ivrea.⁵ Rosella/Susanna (?) Princess of Ivrea, Dame de Montreuil was also known as Rosela Roxana (?) of Italy.²

Reference: Genealogics cites:

; Per Med Lands:
     "ROZALA [Suzanne] d´Ivrea ([950/960]-13 Dec 1003 or 7 Feb 1004, bur Gent, church of the Abbey de Saint-Pierre du Mont-Blandin). Regino records that two of the daughters (unnamed) of ex-King Berengario were brought up in the imperial palace by the empress after being brought to Germany[571]. One of these two daughters was presumably Rozala, bearing in mind that the emperor arranged her marriage. The Genealogica Comitum Flandriæ Bertiniana names "filiam Berengeri regis Langobardorum, Ruzelam quæ et Susanna" as wife of Comte Arnoul[572]. The Annales Elnonenses Minores record the marriage [undated between 950 and 968] of "Arnulfus iunior" and "filiam Beregeri regis Susannam"[573]. Her marriage was presumably arranged by Emperor Otto to increase his influence in Flanders at a time when Lothaire IV King of the West Franks was asserting his own control over the county. According to Nicholas, Count Arnoul II married Rozala d´Ivrea when he reached the age of majority in 976[574], but the source on which this is based has not been located. "Baldwinus marchysus cum matre sua Susanna" donated "villam Aflingehem…jacentem in pago Tornacinse" to Saint-Pierre de Gand, after the death of "Arnulfi marchysi", by charter dated 1 Apr 988, signed by "…Waldberto advocato, Theoderico comite, Arnulfo comite, Artoldo comite, Baldwino comite, item Arnulfo comite…"[575]. The Vita Sancti Bertulfi names "Rozala filia…Berengarii Regis Italiæ", specifying that "post mortem Arnulfi [Balduini filius] principis, Roberto Regi Francorum nupsit et Susanna dicta"[576]. Kerrebrouck, presumably basing his supposition on this passage from the Vita Sancti Bertulfi, says that she adopted the name Suzanne on her second marriage[577], but the sources quoted above show that she was referred to by this name earlier. Hugues "Capet" King of France arranged her second marriage to his son and heir, apparently as a reward for Flemish help when he seized power in 987[578]. She was given Montreuil-sur-Mer by the county of Flanders as her dowry on her second marriage. Richer records that King Robert repudiated his wife "Susannam…genere Italicam eo quod anus esset" but refused to allow her to retake her castle at Montreuil, whereupon she constructed another nearby[579]. She returned to Flanders after she was repudiated by her second husband, and became one of the principal advisers of her son Count Baldwin IV. France retained Montreuil-sur-Mer. "Susanna regina cum filio suo Baldwino" donated "alodem suum…Atingehem…et in Testereph" to Saint-Pierre de Gand, for the soul of "filie sue Mathildis", by charter dated 26 Jun 995[580]. "Susanna regina…cum filio suo Baldwino" donated "alodem suum…in pago Flandrensi…in Holtawa…in Fresnere…in Clemeskirca…in Jatbeka…in Sclefteta…" to Saint-Pierre de Gand by charter dated 1 Jun 1003[581]. The Annales Elnonenses Minores records the death in 1003 of "Susanna regina"[582]. The Memorial of "regina Susanna" records her death "VII Feb"[583].
     "m firstly ([968][584]) ARNOUL II “le Jeune” Count of Flanders, son of BAUDOUIN III joint Count of Flanders & his wife Mechtild of Saxony [Billung] ([961/62]-30 Mar 987, bur Ghent).
     "-m secondly (988 before 1 Apr, repudiated [991/92]) as his first wife, ROBERT Associate-King of France, son of HUGUES Capet King of France & his wife Adelais d’Aquitaine (Orléans ([27 Mar] 972-Château de Melun 20 Jul 1031, bur église de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis). He succeeded his father in 996 as ROBERT II "le Pieux" King of France."
Med Lands cites: She was Countess consort of Flanders between 968 and 987.¹⁰ She was Queen consort to co-king of the Franks between 988 and 996.¹⁰ She was Queen consort of the Franks in 996.¹⁰

     Guillaume I/II de Nevers Comte de Tonnerre died after 1099.²
     EDV-28.

; Per Med Lands:
     "GUILLAUME [II] de Nevers (-after 1099). The Origine et Historia Brevi Nivernensium Comitum names "Guillelmum et Renaldum" as the two sons of "Guillelmus…I", stating that Guillaume obtained "curam Tornodori"[103]. Although the wording of this passage suggests that Guillaume was the older son, the charter dated 4 Mar 1063 subscribed by "filii mei Raginaldi, Wilelmi, Rotberti" after "Wilelmus comes"[104] is more likely to show the correct order of birth of the brothers. He and his brothers are named in their father's 1083 charter[105]. Comte de Tonnerre [1090]. The Annales Nivernenses record a conflict in 1099 between "Willelmum comitem iuvenem" and "Aymonem de Borbono", specifying that the latter fled, that many of his knights were killed "in Aligero fluvio", and that Guillaume returned victorious with many captives "4 Non Iun"[106]. A charter dated to [1089/96] recalls a donation to the abbey of Molesme by "Willelmus comes Tornodorensis" in praise of "patre suo Wilelmo Nevernensis comite…fratris eius Raynaldi et matris eius"[107].
     "m ---. The name of Guillaume's wife is not known."
Med Lands cites:

Reference: Genealogics cites: Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag Marburg., Detlev Schwennicke, Editor, Reference: 3:716.¹ He was living in 1063.¹

     Robert "the Burgundian" (?) de Nevers, Vicomte de Sable, seigneur de Craon married Hawise/Avise (?) dame de Sablé, daughter of Geoffroy le Vieun (?) Vicomte de Sable and Adelaise (?),
; Ravilious cites: Peter Stewart, "Adèle, dau. of Robert II," 25 June 2003, GEN-MEDIEVAL-L@rootsweb.com, cites no. 92, diploma of Robert's son King Henry I, in _Diplomata belgica ante annum millesimum centesimum scripta_, edited by Maurits Gysseling & Anton Koch, 2 vols, Bouwstoffen en Studiën voor de Geschiedenis en de Lexicografie van het Nederlands 1.^1,4 Robert "the Burgundian" (?) de Nevers, Vicomte de Sable, seigneur de Craon was born circa 1035 at Nevers, Nierre, France.^5,6 He married Bertha/Berthe de Craon Dame de Craon, daughter of Guérin I de Craon and Anne de Crequy, on 15 March 1078
; her 2nd usband; his 2nd wife.⁶
Robert "the Burgundian" (?) de Nevers, Vicomte de Sable, seigneur de Craon died after 1098; Ravilious cites: Peter Stewart, "Re: Guy de Nevers," June 17, 2002, email, therav3@aol.com (paper copy: library of John Ravilious, cites 'Robert the Burgundian and the Counts of Anjou, ca. 1025-1098 (Washington, 2000), re: career of Robert; also W. Scott Jessee, A Missing Capetian Princess: Advisa Daughter of King Robert II of France*, _Medieval Prosopography_ 11 (1990), also discussion by others (Todd Farmerie and Joan Burdyck).¹
      ; per Ravilious email: [quote] Robert 'the Burgundian' of Nevers[6]
Death: aft 1098[7]
Occ: vicomte de Sable
seigneur de Sable, de jure uxoris
seigneur de Craon before 26 Mar 1053

d. on First Crusade, aft 1098[7]

his parentage as given is probable: Peter Stewart wrote, concerning this point and identification as probable by Constance Bouchard, ' W Scott Jessee is reasonably more certain on this point: he notes [in *A Missing Capetian Princess: Advisa Daughter of King Robert II of France*, _Medieval Prosopography_ 11 (1990)] that both Guillaume of Nevers and Robert the Burgundian were described in charters as "nepos" to Robert II's son King Henri I. Robert was also called "nepos" to Guillaume's great-aunt Agnès, wife of Geoffroy II Martel, count of Anjou, when at the age of 16 he witnessed a charter of hers. A 13th-century writer, plausibly drawing on an older source for family details, named Robert as one of five brothers along with Guillaume (four of them are attested in other records).'[7]

Further, Peter Stewart noted that Ordericus Vitalis identified Ermengarde, daughter of William of Nevers, as niece (probably 'nepta') of Robert the Burgundian[7]

'Robert le Bourguignon de Nevers'[4]

cf. ES I, Band III, Tafel 719[4]
Jessee, "Robert the Burgundian and the Counts of Anjou"[3]

Spouse: Hawise de Sable[6]
Father: Geoffrey de Sable, vicomte de Sable

Children: Renaud (-1101)
Robert (-1110), vicomte de Sable
Geoffrey
Burgonde (->1126) [end quote].¹ EDV-27 GKJ-28.

     Guy de Nevers died after 1081.¹

     Emma (?) Princess of France was born in 1054 at Reims, Departement de la Marne, Champagne-Ardenne, France.^3,1
      .⁴

     Robert (?) Prince of France was born in 1055 at Reims, Departement de la Marne, Champagne-Ardenne, France.^4,1
Robert (?) Prince of France died in 1060.^4,1
      .⁵

     Hugues (II) Magnus (?) co-King was born in 1007 at France.^2,1,7 He married Hermengastin (?) in 1007
; Contract.⁸
Hugues (II) Magnus (?) co-King died on 17 September 1025.^2,7,1
Hugues (II) Magnus (?) co-King was buried after 17 September 1026 at St. Corneillier zt Compiegne .²

     Hermengastin (?) died WFT Est. 1025-1103.¹ She married Hugues (II) Magnus (?) co-King, son of Robert II "The Pious/le Pieux" (?) King of France and Constance (?) d'Arles, Queen of France, in 1007
; Contract.¹ Hermengastin (?) was born circa 1009.¹
      .²

     GAV-27. Rainier de Hasnon marggrave was also known as Rénier V comte de Hainaut.²

     William C. Lipscomb was born on 20 July 1829 at Franklin Co., Tennessee, USA.¹ He married Sarah Ann Fulgham before 1852
; According to their Find A Grave memorials, their son Granville was born in 1852.¹ William C. Lipscomb married Allie Hudson, daughter of Washington Banks Hudson and Louisa Marksberry, on 19 June 1878 at Davidson Co., Tennessee, USA,
; his 2nd wife.¹
William C. Lipscomb died on 7 February 1908 at Nashville, Davidson Co., Tennessee, USA, at age 78.¹
William C. Lipscomb was buried after 7 February 1908 at Mount Olivet Cemetery, Nashville, Davidson Co., Tennessee, USA; from Find A Grave:
     Birth:      Jul. 20, 1829, Franklin County, Tennessee, USA
     Death:      Feb. 7, 1908, Nashville, Davidson County, Tennessee, USA
     William Lipscomb graduated from Franklin College on July 4, 1848, and began teaching there as professor of languages in the fall of that same year. It was his life-long work. He started the "Gospel Advocate" publication with Tolbot Fanning in 1855 and continued with it until the Civil War caused it to be discontinued. Older brother to David Lipscomb by seventeen months, he was a scholar, writer, preacher, and worked diligently in the preaching of the gospel. He is buried next to his younger brother, David.
     Family links: Parents: Granville Lipscomb (1802 - 1853)
     Spouse: Allie Hudson Lipscomb (1853 - 1906)*
     Children:
      Granville P Lipscomb (1852 - 1911)*
      James Fulgham Lipscomb (1855 - 1905)*
      David Lipscomb (1858 - 1928)*
      William B. Lipscomb (1860 - 1899)*
      Harry Lipscomb (1863 - 1894)*
      Mamie Lipscomb Davis (1867 - 1927)*
     Siblings:
      William Lipscomb (1829 - 1908)
      David Lipscomb (1831 - 1917)*
      John Lipscomb (1838 - 1933)*
      Ellen Lipscomb Gardner (1843 - 1937)*
      Granville Lipscomb (1845 - 1910)*
      Jane Louisa Lipscomb Woods (1848 - 1934)*
      Horace Greely Lipscomb (1850 - 1912)*
     Burial: Mount Olivet Cemetery, Nashville, Davidson County, Tennessee, USA
     Plot: Section 14, Lot 19
     Created by: Ron Crabtree
     Record added: Jun 23, 2006
     Find A Grave Memorial# 14711461.¹

     William II Malet married Olive de Tancarville, daughter of Rabel de Tancarville and Tiphanie de Penthièvre.^4,2

William II Malet died between 1117 and 1121.²
      ; Per Med Lands:
     "WILLIAM [II] Malet, son of [ROBERT [I] Mallet & his wife Matilda ---] (-after [1117/21]). "…Robertus Maleth…Willielmus Malet…" subscribed a charter dated Sep 1101 under which Bishop Herbert donated property to Norwich priory[871]. Brown suggests that William [II] Malet was the brother of Robert [I] Malet and therefore the son of Guillaume [I] Malet[872]. Keats-Rohan says that "this idea must be firmly rejected" as "all the evidence for this William belongs to the period 1100 to [1121], whereas Robert [I] was of age by 1066"[873]. The Annals of Waverley record that “Philippus de Brausa et Willelmus Malet et Willelmus Barnard et Helias comes Cenomanniæ” were deprived of their lands in 1110[874]. Brown records that Robert Malet donated a mill in Mesnil-Joscelin to Bec, with the consent of Gilbert Crespin, by charter dated to before 1077, that William Malet donated land at Mesnil-Joscelin to Bec with his son William who was to become a monk, for the souls of his unnamed parents and his brother Robert, by charter dated 1117[875].
     "m ---. The name of William’s wife is not known. Domesday Descendants names "Oliva de Tancarville, daughter of Rabel and Theophania de Richmond" as the wife of William [II] Malet[876]. If this is correct, she was Olive de Tancarville, daughter of Rabel de Tancarville & his first wife Thiphaine de Penthièvre. However, the chronology for this marriage is not ideal. The birth of Olive’s maternal grandfather is estimated to [1058/62]. His daughter was therefore probably born in [1080/1100], and Olive in [1095/1115]. On the other hand, William [II] Malet is first named in a charter dated Sep 1101 when he was presumably already adult, and no mention of him has been found after [1117/21]. Stapleton suggests that Olive may have been the mother of Guillaume [III] Malet de Graville (see NORMANDY NOBILITY-ARQUES, AUMÂLE, CAUX), leaving open the identification of her husband, which appears to provide a better chronological fit[877]. "
Med Lands cites:

; William; banished from England 1109 but inherited his f's lands in Normandy and was ancestor of the MAL(L)ETs de Graville in Caux, Normandy, and the MAL(L)ETs of Jersey.¹

     William le Scrope Archdeacon of Durham died on 12 May 1463.¹
     He was Archdeacon of Durham.¹

     Gauzlin (?) Archbishop of Bourges was born circa 964 at Fleury Monastery, France.²
Gauzlin (?) Archbishop of Bourges died on 19 November 1030.^2,3
      ; illegitimate.^3,1

; Per Med Lands:
     "[Mistress (1): ---. The name of King Hugues's possible mistress is not known.]
King Hugues had one possible illegitimate son by Mistress (1):
Med Lands cites:

     Sarah Ann Fulgham was born in 1833.¹ She married William C. Lipscomb before 1852
; According to their Find A Grave memorials, their son Granville was born in 1852.¹
Sarah Ann Fulgham died in 1875.¹

     Unknown (?) died in 999.¹ He was born in 999.¹
      ; a stillborn child, *and +999.¹

     Hugues I de Montreuil seigneur d’Abbeville, avoué de St-Riquier was born circa 970 at Montreuil, France; Racines et Histoire says b. ca 970; Genealogics says b. ca 955.^2,1,4 He married Gisela/Gisele (?) de France, Dame d'Abeville, daughter of Hugues Capet (?) Cte de Paris, Duc de France, King of France and Adélaïde/Aelis (?), before 987.^1,2,5,6,7

Hugues I de Montreuil seigneur d’Abbeville, avoué de St-Riquier died circa 4 July 1000.^2,1,6
      ; Per Genealogics:
     "Hugues is mentioned in a chronicle of the abbey of Saint-Riquier. According to it he was a knight _(militem)_ and son-in-law of the dux Hugues Capet, later king of France, whose daughter Gisle de France, heiress of Abbeville, he married before 987. From his father-in-law, probably around 981, he received the castle of Abbeville and the convent of Forestmontier as a fief, and he became the hereditary steward ('advocatus') of the abbey of Saint-Riquier. The land entrusted to him encompassed the old Carolingian _pagus pontivus._ He did not carry the title of Count; that title was first used by his son Enguerrand I. A second son Gui became abbot of Saint-Riquier. Hugues died about 4 July 1000."⁴ GAV-25.

; This is the same person as ”Hugues Ier de Ponthieu” at Wikipédia (FR).⁸

Reference: Genealogics cites: Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag, Marburg, Schwennicke, Detlev (Ed.) 2:11; 3:635.⁴ Hugues I de Montreuil seigneur d’Abbeville, avoué de St-Riquier was also known as Hugues I de Ponthieu Avoué de Saint-Riquier et de Forest-Moutier, Châtelain d'Abbeville, et un seigneur de Ponthieu.⁸

; Per Med Lands:
     "HUGUES, son of --- (-4 Jul [1000]). Kerrebrouck[541] says there is no proof that Hugues was the son of Hilduin Comte de Montreuil (see above), and that he could have been a member of the family of Enguerrand, one of whom was abbé de Saint-Riquier at the beginning of the 11th century. The Chronique de Saint Riquier records that Hugues "Capet" King of France granted the château d'Abbeville "à un chevalier nommé Hugues" and also confiscated "Forest-Moutier" from the abbey of Saint-Riquier and granted it to him, recording in a later passage that Hugues bore the title "avoué" not comte[542]. These territories became the foundation of the county of Ponthieu.
     "m (before 987) GISELE de France, daughter of HUGUES Duc des Francs [later HUGUES "Capet" King of France] & his wife Adelais [d'Aquitaine] ([[969][543]-). The Chronique de Saint Riquier records that Hugues "Capet" King of France granted the château d'Abbeville "à un chevalier nommé Hugues" who had married the king's daughter "Gisèle"[544]."
Med Lands cites:

     Gisela/Gisele (?) de France, Dame d'Abeville was born in 970 at France.^1,2,3,6 She married Hugues I de Montreuil seigneur d’Abbeville, avoué de St-Riquier, son of Hildouin III de Ponthieu comte de Ponthieu et de Montreuil and Hersende (?), before 987.^2,1,3,9,6

Gisela/Gisele (?) de France, Dame d'Abeville died circa 1000.^1,2
      ; Per Med Lands:
     "HUGUES, son of --- (-4 Jul [1000]). Kerrebrouck[541] says there is no proof that Hugues was the son of Hilduin Comte de Montreuil (see above), and that he could have been a member of the family of Enguerrand, one of whom was abbé de Saint-Riquier at the beginning of the 11th century. The Chronique de Saint Riquier records that Hugues "Capet" King of France granted the château d'Abbeville "à un chevalier nommé Hugues" and also confiscated "Forest-Moutier" from the abbey of Saint-Riquier and granted it to him, recording in a later passage that Hugues bore the title "avoué" not comte[542]. These territories became the foundation of the county of Ponthieu.
     "m (before 987) GISELE de France, daughter of HUGUES Duc des Francs [later HUGUES "Capet" King of France] & his wife Adelais [d'Aquitaine] ([[969][543]-). The Chronique de Saint Riquier records that Hugues "Capet" King of France granted the château d'Abbeville "à un chevalier nommé Hugues" who had married the king's daughter "Gisèle"[544]."
Med Lands cites:

; Per Med Lands:
     "GISELA de France ([970][158]-). The Chronique de Saint Riquier records that Hugues "Capet" King of France granted the château d'Abbeville "à un chevalier nommé Hugues" who had married the king's daughter "Gisèle"[159].
     "m (before 987) HUGUES ---, son of --- (-4 Jul [1000]). Hugues Capet King of France separated Abbeville, Ancre and Domart from the Abbaye de Saint-Riquier and gave them to Hugues, who was known as the avoué de Saint-Riquier[160]. These territories became the foundation of the county of Ponthieu. "
Med Lands cites:

Reference: Genealogics cites: GAV-29 EDV-29.

     Enguerrand I "Isembart" (?) comte de Ponthieu et de Montreuil married Unknown (?)
;
His 1st wife.⁷ Enguerrand I "Isembart" (?) comte de Ponthieu et de Montreuil was born between 990 and 995; Genealogics says b. ca 990; Racines et Histoire syas b. ca 995.^3,8 He married Aleida (?) van Westfriesland, daughter of Arnulf I 'Gandensis' (?) Count of Holland and West Friesland and Liutgard (?) de Luxembourg, after 1033
;
His 2nd wife; her 2nd husband.^{1,9,10,8,11,3,12,7,13}
Enguerrand I "Isembart" (?) comte de Ponthieu et de Montreuil died on 9 December 1045.^11,8,3,7
Enguerrand I "Isembart" (?) comte de Ponthieu et de Montreuil was buried after 9 December 1045 at Abbaye de Saint-Riquier, Saint-Riquier, Departement de Somme, Hauts-de-France, France.⁷
     Reference: Genealogics cites: GAV-28 EDV-28.

; Per Med Lands:
     "ENGUERRAND (-1045, bur Saint-Riquier). The Chronique de Saint Riquier names "Angelran" as son of Hugues, commenting that he contented himself with the title avoué until his marriage when he adopted the title comte[545]. Avoué de Saint-Riquier. He defeated Gilbert Comte de Brionne who had invaded Le Vimeu[546]. The Chronique de Saint Riquier records the death in 1045 of "seigneur Angelran" and his burial at Saint-Riquier[547].
     "m firstly ---. If the date attributed to Enguerrand's marriage to Aleida is correct as shown below, it is chronologically implausible for her to have been the mother of Enguerrand's sons. This is because Enguerrand's grandson, Enguerrand, must have marrie[d in [1045/50] (see below). This earlier marriage is therefore almost inevitably correct, although no direct reference which confirms this has yet been found in primary sources.]
     "m [secondly] ([after 1033]) as her second husband, ALEIDA, widow of BAUDOUIN Comte de Boulogne, daughter of [ARNULF Count of Holland & his wife Liutgard de Luxembourg]. The Chronique de Saint Riquier records that "Angelran" killed "le comte de Boulogne" in battle and married his widow "Adelvie…qui était de l'origine la plus illustre", after which he adopted the title comte[548]. She is named as the possible daughter of Arnulf, and her two marriages shown, in Europäische Stammtafeln[549] but the primary source on which this is based has not been identified.
     "Enguerrand & his [first] wife had three children:
Med Lands cites:

; Per Genealogics:
     "Enguerrand was the son of Hugues I de Montreuil, 'advocatus' de Ponthieu, and Gisle de France, heiress of Abbeville, a daughter of Hugues Capet, king of France. He inherited his father's castle of Abbeville, the convent of Forestmontier and the hereditary office of steward of the abbey of Saint-Riquier. His land included the area encompassing the old Carolingian _pagus pontivus._ The chronicle of the abbey of Saint-Riquier by Hariulf recounted that Enguerrand killed a count of Boulogne, presumably Baudouin II, and married his widow Adeline/Adeliva, and that in his family he became the first carrying the title of count. Baudouin's death would have occurred some time between 1023 and 5 April 1027 (the latest date possible for the charter subscribed by Enguerrand as count).
     "Enguerrand maintained friendly relations with Robert 'the Devil', duke of Normandy, which led to the marriage of his grandson Enguerrand II with Robert's daughter Adela of Normandy, comtesse d'Aumale, the heiress of the powerful Norman border castle of Aumale. In the years 1031/1032 he successfully resisted an invasion of the Norman Gilbert, comte de Brionne, comte d'Eu, who had invaded the land of Vimeu with 3,000 men.
     "Enguerrand was probably married twice. The name of his first wife is unknown. His second wife was Adeline/Adeliva, widow of the count of Boulogne. He had four sons, Hugues II, Gui, Foulques and Robert, of whom Hugues II would have progeny, and Gui and Foulques became churchmen. Gui became abbot of Amiens and author of the _Carmen de Hastingae Proelio,_ the Song of the Battle of Hastings, one of the early sources describing the Norman conquest of England. Foulques became abbot of Saint-Riquier and Forestmontier. It is not known with certainty which of Enguerrand's wives was the mother of which of his sons, though it is likely that his unnamed first wife was the mother of most if not all of them.
     "Enguerrand died in 1045."³

Enguerrand I "Isembart" (?) comte de Ponthieu et de Montreuil was also known as Engelram I (?) Count of Ponthieu.¹⁴

; Per Racines et Histoire (Ponthieu and de Bouber pages): "Enguerrand (Angelran) 1er Isembart ° ~995 + 09/12/1045 (inh. à Saint-Riquier) Avoué de Saint-Riquier puis comte de Ponthieu (1021), Montreuil et Boulogne (1032) (il défait Gilbert, comte de Brionne qui tente d’envahir le Vimeu)
     ép. 1) ?
     ép. 2) après 1033 Aleida de Gand (Adélaïde, Adelvie, alias van Westfriesland, de Hollande) ° ~980 (fille naturelle d’Arnulf, comte de Hollande, et de Liutgard de Luxembourg ; veuve de Baudouin II, comte de Boulogne + 1032)"

[See Note Per Med Lands].⁸
; Per Genealogy.EU: "[her parentage is not conclusively proven] Aleida; 1m: Cte Baudoin de Boulogne; 2m: Cte Enguerrand I de Ponthieu."⁹

     Raingarde (?) died WFT Est. 920-996 at Toucy Castle, France.¹ She and Hugues I Magnus (?) Duke of The Franks, Comte de Paris were engaged; His mistress.² Raingarde (?) was born circa 902.¹
     ; Per Med Lands:
     "HUGUES “le Grand”, son of ROBERT I King of France & his second wife Beatrix de Vermandois [Carolingian] ([898]-Dourdan, Essonne 16 Jun 956, bur église de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis). Guillaume of Jumièges records that “Rodbertus dux” married “sororem Herberti” by whom he had “Hugonem Magnum”[98]. The Historia Francorum Senonensis names "Hugo Magnus" as son of "Robertus princeps [et] sororem Herberti"[99]. "Rodbertum fratrem Odonis regis, qui erat pater Hugonis postea Francorum ducus" is named in the Cartulaire de Saint-Bertin[100]. Rodulfus Glaber names "Hugo filius Rotberti, Parisiorum comitis", commenting on the obscurity of his ancestry[101]. He was recognised by the king as heir to his father’s lands in 914. Flodoard records in 922 that, after King Charles III had returned [from “Lotharingia”] to Laon, "Hugo filius Rotberti" arrived “post pascha super Vidulam...ubi apud villam Finimas”[102]. Flodoard records in 922 that "Rotbertus" sent “filium suum Hugonem” with an army of Franks “in regnum Lotharii...propter Capraemontum Gislberti castrum” where he relieved the siege led by King Charles and returned after accepting hostages “a quibusdam Lothariensibus”[103]. He declined the succession to the throne of France on the death of his father in 923, when his brother-in-law Raoul Duke of Burgundy was elected king. Abbot of Saint-Martin de Tours: "l´abbé Hugues" granted "la ville de Mons…dans le pays de Melun" to "la reine Emma sa sœur, fille du roi Robert" by charter dated 926[104]. On the death of King Raoul, Hugues once more declined the succession, instead negotiating the return from England of the Carolingian Prince Louis, son of King Charles III “le Simple”, who was his wife's nephew and whom he installed as King Louis IV. Hugo rector Abbatiæ sancti Martini" names "genitoris nostri Rotberti quondam regis ac genitricis nostræ domnæ Beatricis" in a charter dated 26 Mar 931[105]. "Hugues abbé de Saint-Martin" donated "son alleu de Lachy…dans le comté de Meaux", inherited from "comte Aledramnus", to Tours Saint-Martin by charter dated 14 Sep 937 which names "sa femme Havis"[106]. The position of power acquired by Hugues is confirmed by the title dux francorum/Duc des Francs used in charters dated 25 Jul 936 and 25 Dec 936[107], and the king's references to him as “notre second dans tous nos royaumes”. Disputes between Hugues and the king quickly followed. On the death of King Louis IV in 954, Hugues was confirmed as Duc des Francs. He was granted lordship over Burgundy and Aquitaine[108]. He only succeeded in subjugating the former, succeeding Duke Giselbert as Duke of Burgundy in Apr 956. The Historia Francorum Senonensis records the death "XVI Kal Iul apud Drodingam villam" of "Hugo Magnus dux Francorum" and his burial "in basilica beati Dyonisii martiris Parisius"[109]. The necrology of Chartres cathedral records the death "XVI Kal Jul" of "Hugo dux Francorum"[110]. The Obituaire de Notre-Dame de Paris records the death "XV Kal Jul" of "Hugo dux Francorum"[111]. The necrology of Auxerre cathedral records the death 16 Jun of "Hugo comes"[112].
     "m firstly ([914]) [JUDITH] du Maine, daughter of ROGER Comte du Maine & his wife Rothilde [Carolingian] (before 900-925). The marriage of Hugues Comte de Paris with the daughter of Roger Comte du Maine is deduced from Flodoard naming "Rothildis, amitæ suæ [regis Karoli], socrus autem Hugonis" when recording that the king deprived her of "abbatiam…Golam" [Chelles] in favour of his favourite Hagano, the context dictating that "Hugonis" was "Hugo filius Rotberti"[113]. The source which names her father has not yet been identified, but it appears reasonably certain from the sources quoted in the document MAINE that Rothilde's husband was Roger. She is named Judith in Europäische Stammtafeln[114] but the primary source on which this is based has not been identified. According to Settipani her name is not known[115].
     "m secondly ([926]) EADHILD, daughter of EDWARD I "the Elder" King of Wessex & his second wife Ælfleda (-937). Flodoard mentions, but does not name, "filiam Eadwardi regis Anglorum, sororem coniugis Karoli" when recording her marriage to "Hugo filius Rotberti" in 926[116]. William of Malmesbury names (in order) "Edfleda, Edgiva, Ethelhilda, Ethilda, Edgitha, Elfgiva" as the six daughters of King Eadweard and his wife "Elfleda", specifying that Ethilda married "Hugh". The Book of Hyde names "Ethyldam" as fourth of the six daughters of King Edward by his first wife "Elfelmi comitis filia Elfleda", specifying that she married "pater Hugonis Capet"[117]. At the time of the couple's betrothal, her future husband sent sumptuous gifts to King Æthelstan, including spices, jewels, richly caparisoned horses, three holy relics and a gold crown[118].
     "m thirdly ([9 May/14 Sep] 937) HEDWIG of Germany, daughter of HEINRICH I King of Germany & his second wife Mathilde [Immedinger] ([922]-9 Jan [958 or after 965]). "Hugues abbé de Saint-Martin" donated "son alleu de Lachy…dans le comté de Meaux", inherited from "comte Aledramnus", to Tours Saint-Martin by charter dated 14 Sep 937 which names "sa femme Havis"[119]. Rodulfus Glauber names "sororem [=Otto] Haduidem" as wife of "Hugo dux Francorum cognomento Magnus"[120]. Flodoard refers to "sororem Othonis regis Transfhenensis, filiam Heinrici" as the wife of "Hugo princeps, filius Roberti", without naming her, recording their marriage in 938[121]. Flodoard also refers to "relicta Hugonis" as "amita Lotharius rex"[122]. The Annales Nivernenses record in 958 that "rex et mater sua et Ugo filius Ugonis et mater sua" attended a hearing "apud Marziacum vicum iuxta Nevernis…contra Guillelmum comitem Aquitaniæ post missa sancti Martini"[123]. The necrology of the abbey of Saint-Denis records the death "V Id Jan" of "Hadhuidis comitissa"[124].
     "Mistress (1): RAINGARDE [Ringare], daughter of ---. The Historia Episcoporum Autissiodorensium names "Heribertus Francigena filius Hugonis Ducis cognomento Magni ex concubina Raingarda" as bishop of Auxerre from 971 to 995[125]. The same source names "Johannes natione Autissiodorensis, patre Ansaldo, matre Raingarde" as bishop of Auxerre from 996 to 998[126]. The same name in the same area suggests the possibility that Raingarde, mistress of Duke Hugues, was the same person as the wife of Ansoud [I]."
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