Person Page - 362

     Gerberga de Blaison married Barthélémi I de L'Isle-Bouchard Seigneur de L'Isle-Bouchard, son of Aimeri/André 'Péloquin' I (?) Sire de L'Isle-Bouchard, Rivière et Rivarennes and Eustachie (?).^2,3

     Reference: Weis [1992:157], line 183-3.⁴

     Hugues I (?) Vicomte de Châtellerault married Gerberga de La Rochefoucauld, daughter of Foucaud I de La Roche Seigneur de la Roche en Angoumois and Gersende (?).^5,1,6
Hugues I (?) Vicomte de Châtellerault was born circa 1008.¹
Hugues I (?) Vicomte de Châtellerault died in 1075.¹
     GAV-25 EDV-26 GKJ-27.

Reference: Genealogics cites: Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag Marburg., Detlev Schwennicke, Editor, Reference: III 818.¹

Reference: Weis [1992:157] Line 183-2.⁵

; Per Genealogy.EU (Rochefoucauld): “A3. Hugues I de La Roche, Vcte de Châtellerault; m.N, dau.of Vcte Bozon de Chatellerault”.⁷

; Per Med Lands:
     "HUGUES [I] (-[1070] or after). "…Hecfridi vicecomitis, Hugoni fratris sui…" subscribed a charter dated 1030 or 1031 under which "Raingardis" donated property "in pago Pictavo et in vicaria Ygrandinse in villa…Targiacus" to St Cyprien[623]. "Gaulterius cognomento Burseldus" donated property to St Cyprien by charter dated [1045] subscribed by "…Hugonis vicecomitis, Acfredi vicecomitis fratris sui"[624]. Vicomte de Châtellerault. "…Hugonis vicecomitis de Castro Ayraldi…" subscribed the charter dated [1047] under which "Guilelmus…princeps Arvernorum" donated property to the abbey of Charroux[625]. "Hugo vicecomes de Castello Airaudi…et uxor sua Girberga" renounced rights in favour of Saint-Hilaire de Poitiers by charter dated to [1055], which refers to "filios enim quos habebant non permittebat Deus diu vivere" and "Bosone…eorum filio", and is signed by "…Hugo frater vicecomitis de Castello Airaudi, et Jordanis de Castello Achardi…"[626]. "Hugo vicecomes" donated property to the priory of Saint-Nicolas de Poitiers by charter dated [1060][627].
     "m GERBERGE, daughter of ---. "Hugo vicecomes de Castello Airaudi…et uxor sua Girberga" renounced rights in favour of Saint-Hilaire de Poitiers by charter dated to [1055], which refers to "filios enim quos habebant non permittebat Deus diu vivere" and "Bosone…eorum filio"[628]. The primary source which confirms her parentage has not yet been identified. One possibility is that she was related to the seigneurs de Matha, as suggested by the following document: Géraud Bishop of Angoulême confirmed that "Boso frater Aimerici vicecomitis Castelli Airaldi" who held “medietatem castelli Mastacii...in Sanctonensi pago” had restored half of the church of Haimps [Aent] to Angoulême cathedral, with the consent of “frater eius Aimericus vicecomes Castelli Airaudi atque Petrus frater eius Pictavensis canonicus”, by charter dated 1113[629]. It should be noted that the presence of all three brothers in this document indicates that they all shared in the interest in Matha, while there is no indication that this interest was inherited from their mother, wife of Boson [II] Vicomte de Châtellerault. One possibility therefore is that the interest was inherited from their paternal grandmother."
Med Lands cites:

     Gerberga de La Rochefoucauld married Hugues I (?) Vicomte de Châtellerault, son of Boson I (?) Vicomte de Châtellerault and Amelia (?).^4,5,1
Gerberga de La Rochefoucauld was born in 1012 at La Rochefoucauld, Charente, France (now).¹
Gerberga de La Rochefoucauld died in 1055.¹
      ; Per Genealogy.EU (Rochefoucauld): “A3. Hugues I de La Roche, Vcte de Châtellerault; m.N, dau.of Vcte Bozon de Chatellerault”.⁶

; Per Med Lands:
     "HUGUES [I] (-[1070] or after). "…Hecfridi vicecomitis, Hugoni fratris sui…" subscribed a charter dated 1030 or 1031 under which "Raingardis" donated property "in pago Pictavo et in vicaria Ygrandinse in villa…Targiacus" to St Cyprien[623]. "Gaulterius cognomento Burseldus" donated property to St Cyprien by charter dated [1045] subscribed by "…Hugonis vicecomitis, Acfredi vicecomitis fratris sui"[624]. Vicomte de Châtellerault. "…Hugonis vicecomitis de Castro Ayraldi…" subscribed the charter dated [1047] under which "Guilelmus…princeps Arvernorum" donated property to the abbey of Charroux[625]. "Hugo vicecomes de Castello Airaudi…et uxor sua Girberga" renounced rights in favour of Saint-Hilaire de Poitiers by charter dated to [1055], which refers to "filios enim quos habebant non permittebat Deus diu vivere" and "Bosone…eorum filio", and is signed by "…Hugo frater vicecomitis de Castello Airaudi, et Jordanis de Castello Achardi…"[626]. "Hugo vicecomes" donated property to the priory of Saint-Nicolas de Poitiers by charter dated [1060][627].
     "m GERBERGE, daughter of ---. "Hugo vicecomes de Castello Airaudi…et uxor sua Girberga" renounced rights in favour of Saint-Hilaire de Poitiers by charter dated to [1055], which refers to "filios enim quos habebant non permittebat Deus diu vivere" and "Bosone…eorum filio"[628]. The primary source which confirms her parentage has not yet been identified. One possibility is that she was related to the seigneurs de Matha, as suggested by the following document: Géraud Bishop of Angoulême confirmed that "Boso frater Aimerici vicecomitis Castelli Airaldi" who held “medietatem castelli Mastacii...in Sanctonensi pago” had restored half of the church of Haimps [Aent] to Angoulême cathedral, with the consent of “frater eius Aimericus vicecomes Castelli Airaudi atque Petrus frater eius Pictavensis canonicus”, by charter dated 1113[629]. It should be noted that the presence of all three brothers in this document indicates that they all shared in the interest in Matha, while there is no indication that this interest was inherited from their mother, wife of Boson [II] Vicomte de Châtellerault. One possibility therefore is that the interest was inherited from their paternal grandmother."
Med Lands cites:

Reference: Genealogics cites: Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag Marburg., Detlev Schwennicke, Editor, Reference: III 813.¹

Reference: Weis [1992:157] Line 183-2.⁴ GAV-25 EDV-26 GKJ-27.

     Osbern de Bolbec Seigneur of Longueville-sur-Scie married Wava (Aveline, Wevia, Gueuve) de Crépon, daughter of Herbastus (?),
;
His 1st wife.^3,4 Osbern de Bolbec Seigneur of Longueville-sur-Scie married Hawise (?)
;
His 2nd wife?⁵ Osbern de Bolbec Seigneur of Longueville-sur-Scie was born between 970 and 980 at Longueville, Normandy, France.⁶
Osbern de Bolbec Seigneur of Longueville-sur-Scie died in 1063.⁶
Osbern de Bolbec Seigneur of Longueville-sur-Scie was buried in 1063 at Saint-Etienne de Fontaines .⁵
     GAV-26 EDV-27 GKJ-27.

Reference: Genealogics cites: Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag, Marburg, Schwennicke, Detlev (Ed.) 3:637.²

; Per Med Lands:
     "OSBERN de Bolbec, son of --- (-bur [Saint-Etienne de Fontaines]). ["Duke Richard [II]" donated property to the abbey of Mont Saint-Michel by charter dated to [1026], subscribed by "…Osbernus frater comitisse, Hunfredus frater eius…"[11]. There are two possibilities for identifiying "comitisse": (1) she could have been the donor’s second wife Papia, who is named in two documents with a brother named Osbern (see NORMANDY DUKES), or (2) she could have been Gunnor, wife of Richard [I] Duke of Normandy and mother of the donor, although in that case "frater" should be interpreted as "brother-in-law" in light of the source quoted below which names Osbern’s wife as Gunnor’s sister.] A manuscript at Caen, which commemorates the death of Abbess Mathilde, daughter of William I King of England, names "Osbernus Giffardus, Haduisa eius conjunx" among the deceased at "sancti Stephani Fontanensis", presumably indicating that they were buried there[12]. It is assumed that "Osbernus Giffardus" refers to Osbern de Bolbec given that his son used the name Giffard. “...Osbernus avunculus comitis, Walterius fr. eius...” subscribed the charter under which Guillaume Duke of Normandy donated the church of Arques to Saint-Wandrille, dated to [1035/55][13].
     "m [firstly] [AVELINE], sister of GUNNORA [mistress of Richard I Duke of Normandy], daughter of ---. Guillaume de Jumièges records that "Gunnor" had “excepta Sainfria...duas sorores Wewam et Avelinam”, adding that “tertia...sororum Gunnoris comitissæ” [Aveline, from the context] married “Osberno de Bolebec”, by whom she had “Galterium Giffardum primum et Godefridum patrem Willelmi de Archis”[14]. She and her three sisters, as well as their husbands, are named by Robert de Torigny[15]. On the other hand, the Genealogia Fundatoris of Tintern Abbey, Monmouthshire names ”Turketillus…frater…Turulphi, cuius filius Hasculfus d’Harcourt” married “aliam sororem…comitissæ Gunnoræ” by whom he was father of “duos…filios…Walterum de Giffard primogenitum…”[16]. As noted below, another primary source indicates that the wife of "Osbernus Giffardus" (assumed to refer to Osbern de Bolbec given that his son used the name Giffard) was named Hawise[17]. It is not known whether Osbern was married twice or whether all the sources cited refer to the same person, one or other mistaking the name.
     "[m secondly HAWISE, daughter of --- (-bur [Saint-Etienne de Fontaines]). A manuscript at Caen, which commemorates the death of Abbess Mathilde, daughter of William I King of England, names "Osbernus Giffardus, Haduisa eius conjunx" among the deceased at "sancti Stephani Fontanensis", presumably indicating that they were buried there[18]. It is supposed that "Osbernus Giffardus" refers to Osbern de Bolbec, given that his son used the name Giffard. If this is correct, Hawise was presumably his second wife, unless "Aveline" is an error for "Hawise" in Guillaume de Jumièges and Robert de Torigny which names Osbern’s supposed first wife.] Osbern & his [first/second] wife had four children"
Med Lands cites:

Reference: Weis [1992:157] Line 184-1.³

     Roger La Zouche was living in 1326.²

     Gérard Flaitel died circa 1047.^2,1
      ;
From Wikipedia:
     Gerard Flaitel († c.?1047) was a Norman knight and a ' most powerful lord in Normandy at the time of the Richards' according to Orderic Vitalis.
Life
     Gerard was a Norman baron with substantial estates in the Pays de Caux, the Hiemois, the Evrecin and Risle valley.[1] He was a vassal of William of Talou in Arques.[2]
     In 1035, when Robert I, Duke of Normandy left on a pilgrimage to Jerusalem, Gerard Flaitel was one of his companions.[3] In the spring of 1035 the group left Normandy probably taking the favored route through the Danube river basin to Constantinople.[4] Duke Robert obtained permission for him and his retinue to continue on to Muslim-controlled Jerusalem.[4] In Turkey Robert paid the required mussella (pilgrim tax).[3] They arrived in time to spend Holy Week in Jerusalem.[3] On their return through Asia Minor, Duke Robert fell ill while they were in Nicaea, and died there about 2 July. As he lay dying Gerard was asked to take possession of a Holy relic Robert acquired in Jerusalem, reputedly a finger-bone of Saint Stephen, and to make a gift of it to the abbey or monastery of his choosing.[3] Gerard returned to Normandy and became a monk at the Abbey of St. Wandrille taking the relic with him.[3] He died after 1047.[5]

Family
     While the name of his wife (or wives) is not known Gerard Flaitel had the following children:
          William Flaitel, Bishop of Évreux († 1066).[6]
          Ermengarde, wife of Walter Giffard, Lord of Longueville.[6]
          Basilla, wife of Ralph de Gacé, son of Robert, Archbishop of Rouen and secondly of Hugh de Gournay.[7]
          Anscherius[8]
References
     1. Véronique Gazeau, Normannia Monastica (xe–XIIe Siècle) (Caen : Publications du CRAHM, 2007), p. 492
     2. Ordericus Vitalis, The Ecclesiastical History of England and Normandy, Trans. Robert Forester, Vol. I (London: Henry G. Bohn, 1853), p. 400
     3. David Crouch, The Normans (London: Hambledon Continuum, 2007), p. 54
     4. David Crouch, The Normans (London: Hambledon Continuum, 2007), p. 53
     5. David Douglas, 'The Norman Episcopate before the Norman Conquest', Cambridge Historical Journal, Vol. 13, No. 2 (1957), p. 102 n. 15
     6. Detlev Schwennicke, Europäische Stammtafeln: Stammtafeln zur Geschichte der Europäischen Staaten, Neue Folge, Band III, Tielband 4 (Marburg, Germany: J. A. Stargardt, 1989), Tafel 695
     7. K.S.B. Keats-Rohan, Domesday People, A Prosopography of Persons Occurring in English Documents 1066-1166, Volume I, Domesday Book (Woodbridge: The Boydell Press, 1999), p. 263
     8. T.J. Pettigrew, 'On the House of Gournay', Collectanea Archæologica: Communications made to the British Archaeological Association, Vol. II (1871). p. 184."²

; Per Med Lands:
     "GERARD Flaitel (-[1047]). “Ricardus princeps et dux Normannorum, filius Ricardi seniroris” donated “villam...Fontes in Braio...Brendelcurt cum ecclesia...æcclesiam de Nouobosco, æcclesiam de Bosmesnil...” to Saint-Wandrille, at the request of “Yvonis...militis”, by charter dated to [1024], subscribed by “Riccardi principis Normannorum, Papie comitisse, Roberti archipresulis fratris eiusdem principis, Yvonis militis...Hugonis Baiocensis episcopi, Girardi Flagitelli...”[74]. “Gerardus cognomento Pernotus videlicet Flagitellus”, gravely ill, donated “æcclesiarum Cambagi et Ulmiri et Avesnelle et Marculfiuille qui vulgo dicitur Boscgerard...et...in Longoilo villa” to Saint-Wandrille and became a monk there by charter dated to [1038/47], subscribed by “Willelmus episcopus, W. comitis de vicecomitis G., Anscherii, Rodberti filii G., H. filii Withsonis...”[75].
     "m ---, daughter of ---. The name of Gérard’s wife is not known. The wife of Gérard Flaitel may have been the sister of Radbod Bishop of Sées: Orderic Vitalis records that “Guillelmus Radbodi Sagiensis episcopi filius...consobrinus Guillelmi præsulis Ebroicensium, filii Girardi Fleitelli” succeeded Lanfranc “in Cadomensi ecclesia” when the latter was appointed archbishop of Canterbury, dated to 1070, adding that Gullaume was appointed archbishop of Rouen nine years later[76].
     "Gérard & his wife had [seven] children."
Med Lands cites: GAV-26 EDV-26 GKJ-26. Gérard Flaitel was also known as Gerard Flaitel.²

Reference: Weis [1992:157] 184-1.³

     Guillaume III Taillefer (?) Comte de Toulouse, d’Albi et du Quercy was born between 970 and 975; Genealogics says b. 947; Med Lands says b. 970/75.^5,9 He married Arsinde (?) d'Arles, daughter of Guillaume II 'le Liberateur' de Taillefer (?) Cte d'Arles et Provence, Toulouse and Arsinde (?) de Comminges, circa 975
;
His 1st wife.^{10,1,11,5,9,12} Guillaume III Taillefer (?) Comte de Toulouse, d’Albi et du Quercy married Emma (?) de Provence, Comtesse de Provence et comtesse de Toulouse, daughter of Rotbald II/III (?) Comte de Provence and Ermengarde (?), before 992
;
His 2nd wife; J Bunot says m. 1008-1021; Genealogics says m. 992 of before.^{13,1,14,6,11,15,5,9}
Guillaume III Taillefer (?) Comte de Toulouse, d’Albi et du Quercy died in September 1037.^13,1,5,9
     Reference: Genealogics cites:

; Per Genealogics:
     “Guillaume was born about 947, the son of Raymond III 'Pons', comte de Toulouse, and Garsine. He and his vassals were notorious usurpers of church property. He stole property from the abbey of Lézat, though returning it between 1015 and 1025. Pope John XIX ordered him to stop his vassals from taking the lands of Moissac, a problem later remedied by his successor Pons, who gave Moissac to Cluny.
     “Guillaume's first marriage was to Arsinde d'Arles; they had two sons, Raymond and Henri, who died young. Before 992 Guillaume married Emma de Provence, daughter of Roubaud III, comte de Provence, and Ermengarde. Emma inherited the title of margrave of Provence from her elder brother Guillaume V in 1037. Pons II Guillaume, their eldest son, inherited Toulouse and the title of margrave of Provence. Their second son Bertrand became count of Forcalquier, a Provençal fief. They had two daughters: Rangarda, wife of Pierre Raymond of Carcassonne, and Ildegarda Elisa, wife of Foulques Bertrand of Provence. Guillaume had an illegitimate daughter who married Otto Raymond de L'Isle-Jourdain.
     “Guillaume became the most powerful prince in western Languedoc, and he saw the rise of the House of Capet in France and a corresponding decrease in royal authority recognised in the south. He bore the title of _marchio prefatus in pago Tholosano_ ('prefect margrave in the Toulousain country'). His influence extended into the Narbonensis and even Provence, on behalf of his wife. His power did not remain undiminished in his own city of Toulouse, where he was forced by a council of local noblemen and clerics to give up dues imposed on the market there.
     “Guillaume died in September 1037, and was succeeded by his son Pons II Guillaume.”.⁵

; This is the same person as:
”William III, Count of Toulouse” at Wikipedia and as
”Guillaume III de Toulouse” at Wikipédia (FR).^16,3 GAV-26 EDV-27 GKJ-28. Guillaume III Taillefer (?) Comte de Toulouse, d’Albi et du Quercy was also known as William III (?) Count of Toulouse.

; Per Racines et Histoire (Toulouse): “Guillaume III «Taillefer» de Toulouse ° ~975 + 09/1037 comte de Toulouse (979), duc d’Aquitaine (934-950), marquis de Gothie (1025)comte d’Auvergne (cité dans un acte de sa mère 1021)
     ép. 1) ~975 Arsende d’Anjou
     ép. 2) 1019 Emma de Provence (Venaissin) (fille de Rotbold III, comte de Provence, Venaissin et Forcalquier, et d’Ermengarde) (citée don à Saint-Victor de Marseille charte 1024)
     liaison avec X)”.¹⁷

; Per Bunot email: Guillaume III, comte de Toulouse (+ after 1037) m. (1) Arsinde d'Arles (d/o Guillaume and Arsinde de Comminges), two sons Henri and Raymond (both + young); m. (2) 1008/21, Emma de Provence (+ 1029/30), an heiress, she also introduced the name Bertrand inherited from the Gevaudan family (d/o Roubaud II and Ermengarde, himself s/o Roubaud I and Emnilde de Gevaudan), two sons Pons-Guillaume/Pons II and Bertrand apanaged in Provence”.¹¹

; Per Genealogy.EU (Toulouse 1): “E1. Guillaume III Taillefer Cte de Toulouse (950-1037), +1037; 1m: ca 975 Arsinde d'Anjou; 2m: 1019 Emma de Venaissin, dau.of Ct Rotbald of Provence”.¹

; Per Med Lands:
     "GUILLAUME de Toulouse, son of RAYMOND Comte de Toulouse & his wife Adelais d'Anjou ([970/75]-Sep 1037, bur Toulouse, Saint-Sernin). His mother names her son Guillaume de Toulouse and his wife Emma in an act dated 1021[351]. He succeeded his father in [978] as GUILLAUME III “Taillefer” Comte de Toulouse. "Dominus princeps et marchio istius provinciæ…Willelmus cum coniuge sua…Adelaix et filio suo…Willelmo" restored property to the abbey of Saint-Césaire d´Arles by charter dated 992, subscribed by "Domnus Rotbaldus comes…Willelmus comes filius Rotbaldi et uxor sua Lucia, Wilelmus comes Tolosanus et uxor sua Ema…"[352]. The list of subscribers of this document presents dating difficulties as the last two named couples appear from other primary sources to belong to a later period. The probable explanation is that two lists from two different documents were copied and incorrectly combined. The testament of "Ermengaudus archipresul", dated to [1005], bequeathed property to "…Willelmo comiti Tolosano…"[353]. A charter dated to [1006] records the council of the archiepiscopal provinces of Narbonne and Auch held by "Raimundus episcopus Tolosanus et Guillelmus comes Albiensium ac Caturcensium et Tolosanorum" at Toulouse[354]. A bull of "Benedictus episcopus", warning against those who usurped the rights of the monastery of Saint-Gilles, names "Guilelmo comiti necnon matri sue Adelati"[355]. The compilation consulted assumes that this bull was issued by Pope Benedict IX, and therefore dated to [1033/44]. It is unlikely that this can be correct, considering the estimated birth date of Comte Guillaume's mother (see above). For chronological consistency, it is more probable that the document was issued by Pope Benedict VIII whose papacy ran from 1012 to 1024. Dating the document to the early years of this papacy would explain explain why the count's mother is named in place of his wife (on the assumption that Guillaume's first wife predeceased the bull, and that it was issued before his second marriage), and would also be consistent with his mother's supposed fifth marriage assuming that this is dated to [1014/16]. "Wilelmi comitis Tholosani…" witnessed the charter dated 18 Dec 1029 which records the foundation of the monastery of Sauve by "Garsindis et filius meus Bremundus et frater eius Almeradus"[356]. "Willelmo patri suo, Bertramno…" subscribed the charter dated 14 Sep 1037 under which "Poncius" donated property to "sponse mee Maiore" at the time of their marriage[357]. An epitaph in Toulouse Saint-Sernin records the burial of "Willelmus comes cognomine Taliafer atque Raimundus Bertrandi", undated[358].
     "m firstly ARSENDE, daughter of ---. The Liber miraculorum Sanctæ Fidæ names "Arsendis, uxor Vuillelmi Tholosani comitis, fratris…Pontii", the latter being identified as Pons de Gévaudun, son of Adelais d'Anjou by her first marriage and uterine brother of C[omte Guillaume III, when recording that she sought the intervention of the saint because she was childless[359]. This passage, as quoted in translation in the Histoire Générale de Languedoc, also records that Arsende gave birth successively to two sons Raymond and Henri after her return from visiting the saint[360]. This version of events is, however, contradicted by the charter dated 999, quoted below, according to which all four of the sons of Comte Guillaume were born from his marriage to his wife Emma. In addition, Comte Guillaume and Emma are first named in a charter dated 992, which leaves little time for children to have been born from an earlier marriage, assuming that Guillaume´s birth date is correctly estimated as shown above. It therefore seems doubtful whether the Liber, which represents the only reference so far found to this supposed first wife, can be an accurate report. Until more information comes to light, it is therefore prudent to show this first marriage in square brackets in the present document.]
     "m [secondly] (992 or before) EMMA de Provence, daughter of ROTBOLD [II] Comte de Provence, de Venaissin et de Forcalquier & his [first] wife Ermengarde --- ([975/80]-after 1063). "Dominus princeps et marchio istius provinciæ…Willelmus cum coniuge sua…Adelaix et filio suo…Willelmo" restored property to the abbey of Saint-Césaire d´Arles by charter dated 992, subscribed by "Domnus Rotbaldus comes…Willelmus comes filius Rotbaldi et uxor sua Lucia, Wilelmus comes Tolosanus et uxor sua Ema…"[361]. "Wilelmus comes Tholose" donated "villam…Pertusus…in regno Provinciæ in pago Aquense" to the monastery of Saint-Pierre de Psalmody by charter dated 999 which names "Emam uxorem eius et…filios eorum…Raimundum et Aialricum et Pontium et Bertrannum"[362]. These two charters show that Emma was married much earlier than is generally shown in secondary sources. "Ema comitissa filia Rotboldi comitis et Hermengardæ uxoris eius, matris meæ" donated property "ex hereditate…in comitatu Forojuliensi in castro…Favart" to the priory of Courrenz (in Provence) by charter dated 22 Apr 1015, signed by "Ema comitissa, Heldebertus de Castro-Rainaldo"[363]. "Emma comitissa et filius meus Pontius" donated property to Saint-André d´Avignon by charter dated Nov 1024[364]. "Wilelmus comes Tolosanus et uxor mea Ema" donated property to Saint-Victor de Marseille by charter dated 1024[365]. "Emma comitissa et filius meus Pontius" donated property in Avignon to "ecclesiæ sancti Martini in monte Andaone" by undated charter[366]."
Med Lands cites:

; Per Genealogy.EU (Bosonides): “E2. Emma; m.990 Guillaume III de Toulouse, Cte d'Arles (*952 +994)”.¹⁸

; Per Med Lands:
     "EMMA ([975/80]-after 1063). "Dominus princeps et marchio istius provinciæ…Willelmus cum coniuge sua…Adelaix et filio suo…Willelmo" restored property to the abbey of Saint-Césaire d´Arles by charter dated 992, subscribed by "Domnus Rotbaldus comes…Willelmus comes filius Rotbaldi et uxor sua Lucia, Wilelmus comes Tolosanus et uxor sua Ema…"[191]. "Wilelmus comes Tholose" donated "villam…Pertusus…in regno Provinciæ in pago Aquense" to the monastery of Saint-Pierre de Psalmody by charter dated 999 which names "Emam uxorem eius et…filios eorum…Raimundum et Aialricum et Pontium et Bertrannum"[192]. These two charters show that Emma was married much earlier than is generally shown in secondary sources. "Ema comitissa filia Rotboldi comitis et Hermengardæ uxoris eius, matris meæ" donated property "ex hereditate…in comitatu Forojuliensi in castro…Favart" to the priory of Courrenz (in Provence) by charter dated 22 Apr 1015, signed by "Ema comitissa, Heldebertus de Castro-Rainaldo"[193]. "Emma comitissa et filius meus Pontius" donated property to Saint-André d´Avignon by charter dated Nov 1024[194]. "Wilelmus comes Tolosanus et uxor mea Ema" donated property to Saint-Victor de Marseille by charter dated 1024[195]. "Emma comitissa et filius meus Pontius" donated property in Avignon to "ecclesiæ sancti Martini in monte Andaone" by undated charter[196].
     "m (992 or before) as his second wife GUILLAUME III "Taillefer" Comte de Toulouse, son of RAYMOND PONS Comte de Toulouse & his [second] wife Adelais d'Anjou ([970/75]-Sep 1037, bur Toulouse, Saint-Sernin)."
Med Lands cites: He was Comte de Toulouse, d’Albi et du Quercy between 978 and 1037.^1,3,16

     Emma (?) de Provence, Comtesse de Provence et comtesse de Toulouse was born between 975 and 980.¹⁰ She married Guillaume III Taillefer (?) Comte de Toulouse, d’Albi et du Quercy, son of Raymond (III) Pons (?) Comte de Toulouse et d'Auvergne, marquis de Gothie and Garsinda (?) de Gascogne, before 992
;
His 2nd wife; J Bunot says m. 1008-1021; Genealogics says m. 992 of before.^{11,1,2,5,7,8,12,13}
Emma (?) de Provence, Comtesse de Provence et comtesse de Toulouse died after 1063; Bunot says d. 1029-1030; Med Lands says d. aft 1063.^5,10
     ; Per Genealogy.EU (Toulouse 1): “E1. Guillaume III Taillefer Cte de Toulouse (950-1037), +1037; 1m: ca 975 Arsinde d'Anjou; 2m: 1019 Emma de Venaissin, dau.of Ct Rotbald of Provence”.¹
; Per Bunot email: Guillaume III, comte de Toulouse (+ after 1037) m. (1) Arsinde d'Arles (d/o Guillaume and Arsinde de Comminges), two sons Henri and Raymond (both + young); m. (2) 1008/21, Emma de Provence (+ 1029/30), an heiress, she also introduced the name Bertrand inherited from the Gevaudan family (d/o Roubaud II and Ermengarde, himself s/o Roubaud I and Emnilde de Gevaudan), two sons Pons-Guillaume/Pons II and Bertrand apanaged in Provence”.⁷
; Per Med Lands:
     "GUILLAUME de Toulouse, son of RAYMOND Comte de Toulouse & his wife Adelais d'Anjou ([970/75]-Sep 1037, bur Toulouse, Saint-Sernin). His mother names her son Guillaume de Toulouse and his wife Emma in an act dated 1021[351]. He succeeded his father in [978] as GUILLAUME III “Taillefer” Comte de Toulouse. "Dominus princeps et marchio istius provinciæ…Willelmus cum coniuge sua…Adelaix et filio suo…Willelmo" restored property to the abbey of Saint-Césaire d´Arles by charter dated 992, subscribed by "Domnus Rotbaldus comes…Willelmus comes filius Rotbaldi et uxor sua Lucia, Wilelmus comes Tolosanus et uxor sua Ema…"[352]. The list of subscribers of this document presents dating difficulties as the last two named couples appear from other primary sources to belong to a later period. The probable explanation is that two lists from two different documents were copied and incorrectly combined. The testament of "Ermengaudus archipresul", dated to [1005], bequeathed property to "…Willelmo comiti Tolosano…"[353]. A charter dated to [1006] records the council of the archiepiscopal provinces of Narbonne and Auch held by "Raimundus episcopus Tolosanus et Guillelmus comes Albiensium ac Caturcensium et Tolosanorum" at Toulouse[354]. A bull of "Benedictus episcopus", warning against those who usurped the rights of the monastery of Saint-Gilles, names "Guilelmo comiti necnon matri sue Adelati"[355]. The compilation consulted assumes that this bull was issued by Pope Benedict IX, and therefore dated to [1033/44]. It is unlikely that this can be correct, considering the estimated birth date of Comte Guillaume's mother (see above). For chronological consistency, it is more probable that the document was issued by Pope Benedict VIII whose papacy ran from 1012 to 1024. Dating the document to the early years of this papacy would explain explain why the count's mother is named in place of his wife (on the assumption that Guillaume's first wife predeceased the bull, and that it was issued before his second marriage), and would also be consistent with his mother's supposed fifth marriage assuming that this is dated to [1014/16]. "Wilelmi comitis Tholosani…" witnessed the charter dated 18 Dec 1029 which records the foundation of the monastery of Sauve by "Garsindis et filius meus Bremundus et frater eius Almeradus"[356]. "Willelmo patri suo, Bertramno…" subscribed the charter dated 14 Sep 1037 under which "Poncius" donated property to "sponse mee Maiore" at the time of their marriage[357]. An epitaph in Toulouse Saint-Sernin records the burial of "Willelmus comes cognomine Taliafer atque Raimundus Bertrandi", undated[358].
     "m firstly ARSENDE, daughter of ---. The Liber miraculorum Sanctæ Fidæ names "Arsendis, uxor Vuillelmi Tholosani comitis, fratris…Pontii", the latter being identified as Pons de Gévaudun, son of Adelais d'Anjou by her first marriage and uterine brother of C[omte Guillaume III, when recording that she sought the intervention of the saint because she was childless[359]. This passage, as quoted in translation in the Histoire Générale de Languedoc, also records that Arsende gave birth successively to two sons Raymond and Henri after her return from visiting the saint[360]. This version of events is, however, contradicted by the charter dated 999, quoted below, according to which all four of the sons of Comte Guillaume were born from his marriage to his wife Emma. In addition, Comte Guillaume and Emma are first named in a charter dated 992, which leaves little time for children to have been born from an earlier marriage, assuming that Guillaume´s birth date is correctly estimated as shown above. It therefore seems doubtful whether the Liber, which represents the only reference so far found to this supposed first wife, can be an accurate report. Until more information comes to light, it is therefore prudent to show this first marriage in square brackets in the present document.]
     "m [secondly] (992 or before) EMMA de Provence, daughter of ROTBOLD [II] Comte de Provence, de Venaissin et de Forcalquier & his [first] wife Ermengarde --- ([975/80]-after 1063). "Dominus princeps et marchio istius provinciæ…Willelmus cum coniuge sua…Adelaix et filio suo…Willelmo" restored property to the abbey of Saint-Césaire d´Arles by charter dated 992, subscribed by "Domnus Rotbaldus comes…Willelmus comes filius Rotbaldi et uxor sua Lucia, Wilelmus comes Tolosanus et uxor sua Ema…"[361]. "Wilelmus comes Tholose" donated "villam…Pertusus…in regno Provinciæ in pago Aquense" to the monastery of Saint-Pierre de Psalmody by charter dated 999 which names "Emam uxorem eius et…filios eorum…Raimundum et Aialricum et Pontium et Bertrannum"[362]. These two charters show that Emma was married much earlier than is generally shown in secondary sources. "Ema comitissa filia Rotboldi comitis et Hermengardæ uxoris eius, matris meæ" donated property "ex hereditate…in comitatu Forojuliensi in castro…Favart" to the priory of Courrenz (in Provence) by charter dated 22 Apr 1015, signed by "Ema comitissa, Heldebertus de Castro-Rainaldo"[363]. "Emma comitissa et filius meus Pontius" donated property to Saint-André d´Avignon by charter dated Nov 1024[364]. "Wilelmus comes Tolosanus et uxor mea Ema" donated property to Saint-Victor de Marseille by charter dated 1024[365]. "Emma comitissa et filius meus Pontius" donated property in Avignon to "ecclesiæ sancti Martini in monte Andaone" by undated charter[366]."
Med Lands cites:
; Per Racines et Histoire (Toulouse): “Guillaume III «Taillefer» de Toulouse ° ~975 + 09/1037 comte de Toulouse (979), duc d’Aquitaine (934-950), marquis de Gothie (1025)comte d’Auvergne (cité dans un acte de sa mère 1021)
     ép. 1) ~975 Arsende d’Anjou
     ép. 2) 1019 Emma de Provence (Venaissin) (fille de Rotbold III, comte de Provence, Venaissin et Forcalquier, et d’Ermengarde) (citée don à Saint-Victor de Marseille charte 1024)
     liaison avec X)”.¹⁴

; This is the same person as:
”Emma of Provence” at Wikipedia and as
”Emma de Provence” at Wikipédia (FR).^15,4

Reference: Genealogics cites: Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag, Marburg, Schwennicke, Detlev (Ed.), Reference: III 763.⁸

Reference: Weis [1992:159] Line 185-2.¹¹ GAV-26 EDV-27 GKJ-28.

; Per Genealogy.EU (Bosonides): “E2. Emma; m.990 Guillaume III de Toulouse, Cte d'Arles (*952 +994)”.¹⁶

; Per Med Lands:
     "EMMA ([975/80]-after 1063). "Dominus princeps et marchio istius provinciæ…Willelmus cum coniuge sua…Adelaix et filio suo…Willelmo" restored property to the abbey of Saint-Césaire d´Arles by charter dated 992, subscribed by "Domnus Rotbaldus comes…Willelmus comes filius Rotbaldi et uxor sua Lucia, Wilelmus comes Tolosanus et uxor sua Ema…"[191]. "Wilelmus comes Tholose" donated "villam…Pertusus…in regno Provinciæ in pago Aquense" to the monastery of Saint-Pierre de Psalmody by charter dated 999 which names "Emam uxorem eius et…filios eorum…Raimundum et Aialricum et Pontium et Bertrannum"[192]. These two charters show that Emma was married much earlier than is generally shown in secondary sources. "Ema comitissa filia Rotboldi comitis et Hermengardæ uxoris eius, matris meæ" donated property "ex hereditate…in comitatu Forojuliensi in castro…Favart" to the priory of Courrenz (in Provence) by charter dated 22 Apr 1015, signed by "Ema comitissa, Heldebertus de Castro-Rainaldo"[193]. "Emma comitissa et filius meus Pontius" donated property to Saint-André d´Avignon by charter dated Nov 1024[194]. "Wilelmus comes Tolosanus et uxor mea Ema" donated property to Saint-Victor de Marseille by charter dated 1024[195]. "Emma comitissa et filius meus Pontius" donated property in Avignon to "ecclesiæ sancti Martini in monte Andaone" by undated charter[196].
     "m (992 or before) as his second wife GUILLAUME III "Taillefer" Comte de Toulouse, son of RAYMOND PONS Comte de Toulouse & his [second] wife Adelais d'Anjou ([970/75]-Sep 1037, bur Toulouse, Saint-Sernin)."
Med Lands cites: She was living in 1006.⁸ She was Comtesse de Toulouse between 1019 and 1037.⁴ She was Comtesse de Provence between 1037 and 1063.⁴

     Thibaud (Thibaut, Tetbald) dit «L’Ancien» (?) vicomte de Tours, comte de Blois married Richilde (?) de Bourges, daughter of Hugues (?) Comte de Bourges and Rothaut (?),
; Racines et Histoire says he had an unknown 1st wife.^2,3,4,1,5
Thibaud (Thibaut, Tetbald) dit «L’Ancien» (?) vicomte de Tours, comte de Blois was buried circa 942 at Basilique de St-Martin, Tours, Departement d'Indre-et-Loire, Centre, France; From Find A Grave:
     BIRTH     unknown, Dhuizon, Departement du Loir-et-Cher, Centre, France
     DEATH     unknown, Dienville, Departement de l'Aube, Champagne-Ardenne, France
     Thibaut I "l'Ancien", (-[944], bur Tours Saint-Martin). The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines records that "Hastingo" sold "civitate Carnoto" to "Turonensi comiti Theobaldo" in 904. Guillaume de Jumièges describes how "le comte Thibaut" bought the town of Chartres from Hasting the Viking. Vicomte de Tours. "Domni Fulconis Andecavorum comitis, Tedbaldi Turonorum vicecomitis" subscribed the charter dated 30 Oct 909 under which the testamentary executors of "domni Gauzuini" donated property to Saint-Martin de Tours. "…Tetbaldi vicecomitis…" subscribed the charter of "Hugo rector abbatiæ sancti Martini" relating to Tours Saint-Martin dated 931. The identity of the husband of Richilde, and father of Thibaut [II] and Richard, is brought together by the charter dated to 944 under which "le comte Thibault père de Thibault" relinquished rights relating to "les terres de Vancé, de Joué, de Martigny et de Berthenay" to Tours Saint-Martin and paid for his future burial in the abbey.
     Thibaut married Richende (Richelde) de Bourges, daughter of Hugues de Bourges and Rothild of France. Richende's maternal grandparents were Charles the Bald and Richilde of Provence.
     Thibaut and Richende children were:
     Family Members
     Spouse
          Richilde of Bourges De Blois 886–946
     Children
          Thibaut I de Blois
          Gerlotte (Gillette) De Blois Briquebec 914–937
     BURIAL     Basilique de St-Martin, Tours, Departement d'Indre-et-Loire, Centre, France
     Created by: Mad
     Added: 8 Aug 2012
     Find A Grave Memorial 95043895.⁶
Thibaud (Thibaut, Tetbald) dit «L’Ancien» (?) vicomte de Tours, comte de Blois died circa 942; Genealogics says d. bef 942.^3,4,1,5
     He was Comte de Blois.³

; NB: For years I had maintained Odo II, Count of Troyes as the father of Thibaud (var. spellings) "l'Ancien". This was based on Racines et Histoire which shows a possible link, but inserts a possible generation between Eudes (Odo) and Thibaud, a Robert (d. aft 11/902), comte de Blois et de Tours. However, Boyer [2001:31] is the only other source which mentions the possibility, citing Stuart [1992], but concludes "the chronology does not seem likely." Genealogics shows no parents for Thibaud. Med Lands also shows no parents for Thibaud.
Conclusion: I have, therefore, severed the father/son link between Odo II and Thibaud (var. spellings) "l'Ancien". GA Vaut.^{7,8,9,5,10,11}

; This is the same person as ”Theobald the Elder” at Wikipedia and as ”Thibaud l'Ancien” at Wikipédia (FR).^12,13

Reference: Genealogics cites: Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag, Marburg, Schwennicke, Detlev (Ed.) 2:46.⁵ GAV-28 EDV-28 GKJ-28. Thibaud (Thibaut, Tetbald) dit «L’Ancien» (?) vicomte de Tours, comte de Blois was also known as Tetbald Vicomte de Tours, Comte de Blois.⁵ Thibaud (Thibaut, Tetbald) dit «L’Ancien» (?) vicomte de Tours, comte de Blois was also known as Thibaut Vcte de Tours, Cte de Blois.^4,5 Thibaud (Thibaut, Tetbald) dit «L’Ancien» (?) vicomte de Tours, comte de Blois was also known as Theobald I 'le Vieux' (?) comte de Tours et comte de Blois.^12,5,13,7

; Per Genealogy.EU (Blois 1): “Thibaut=Tetbald, Vicomte de Tours 908, and later was Comte de Blois, +ca 942; 1m: NN; 2m: Richildis de Blois (Paris) OR Richildis de Bourges (*892); he had two sons:

; Per Med Lands:
     "THIBAUT [Tetbald] [I] "l'Ancien", son of --- (-[944], bur Tours Saint-Martin). [Comte de Chartres: Guillaume de Jumièges describes how "Tetboldus comes" threatened “Hastingus” into selling “Carnotenam urbem” to him, after which Hasting became a pilgrim and disappeared (“peregre profectus disparuit”)[23], maybe dated to [900], an earlier passage recording that Hasting held Chartres presumably from “Rainaldus totius Franciæ dux” who had sent him to negotiate unsuccessfully with Rollo. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines records that "Hastingo" sold "civitate Carnoto" to "Turonensi comiti Theobaldo" in 904[24]. The accuracy of these two reports is uncertain as it is unclear whether Hasting was ever comte de Chartres.] Vicomte de Tours: "Domni Fulconis Andecavorum comitis, Tedbaldi Turonorum vicecomitis" subscribed the charter dated 30 Oct 909 under which the testamentary executors of "domni Gauzuini" donated property to Saint-Martin de Tours[25]. "…Tetbaldi vicecomitis…" subscribed the charter of "Hugo rector abbatiæ sancti Martini" relating to Tours Saint-Martin dated 931[26]. The identity of the husband of Richilde, and father of Thibaut [II] and Richard, is confirmed by the charter dated to [944] under which "le comte Thibault père de Thibault" relinquished rights relating to "les terres de Vancé, de Joué, de Martigny et de Berthenay" to Tours Saint-Martin and paid for his future burial in the abbey[27].
     "m firstly ---. The primary source which confirms this first marriage has not been identified. It is likely that the only indication is provided by the charter, dated to [980], under which “Ledgardis comitissa necnon Hugo episcopus et filius meus et item filius meus Odo comes” donated property to Saint-Martin de Tours, for the souls of “Theobaldi comitis quondam senioris mei…Richildis quondam sanctimonialis, eiusque filii Richardi episcopi” (referring to “dicti comitis et fratris sui Theobaldi”, in relation to Bishop Richard)[28]. This charter confirms that Richildis was the mother of Richard and that Richard was the brother of Thibaut [II]. However, the absence of a phrase in the text such as “matris sui” linking “Richildis” to “Theobaldi comitis” suggests that she was not his mother and that therefore the brothers were born from different marriages of the same father.
     "m secondly RICHILDIS, daughter of ---. Richildis is named as second wife of Thibaut in Europäische Stammtafeln[29] but the primary source on which this is based has not yet been identified. The charter, dated to [980], under which “Ledgardis comitissa necnon Hugo episcopus et filius meus et item filius meus Odo comes” donated property to Saint-Martin de Tours, for the souls of “Theobaldi comitis quondam senioris mei…Richildis quondam sanctimonialis, eiusque filii Richardi episcopi” (referring to “dicti comitis et fratris sui Theobaldi”, in relation to Bishop Richard)[30] confirms that Richildis was the mother of Richard and that Richard was the brother of Thibaut. However, it provides no indication of the name of their father and therefore of Richildis’s husband."
Med Lands cites:

; Per Racines et Histoire (Blois-Chartres): “Thibaud (Thibaut, Tetbald) dit «L’Ancien» + ~942 vicomte de Tours (908), comte de Blois, conquiert la ville de Chartres sur le chef Viking Hastings
     ép. 1) ?
     ép. 2) Richildis dite «de Blois» (ou «de Bourges») ° 892”.⁷

; Per Weis: “Rchilde; m. Theobald (Tetbald), d. 904, Viscount of Troyes, Count of Blois, d. by 942. (ES 11/46; West Winter, VII.6; K.S.B. Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and the Roots of Politics, Chapt. 10, pp. 189-210; K.S.B. Keats-Rohan and C. Settipani, Onomastique et Parent dans l'Occident Medieval, pp. 57-68).”.¹⁵

; Per Genealogy.EU (Carolingians): “D1. Richildis de Bourges, *892; m.Vcte Thibaut de Tours, Cte de Blois (+ca 942)”.¹⁶ He was living in 908.⁵ He was vicomte de Tours between 908 and 942.¹⁷

     Richilde (?) de Bourges was born in 892 at Bourges, Departement du Cher, Centre, France.^1,5,4,6 She married Thibaud (Thibaut, Tetbald) dit «L’Ancien» (?) vicomte de Tours, comte de Blois
; Racines et Histoire says he had an unknown 1st wife.^7,5,4,6,8
Richilde (?) de Bourges died in 946.⁹
Richilde (?) de Bourges was buried in 946 at Basilique de St-Martin, Tours, Departement d'Indre-et-Loire, Centre, France; From Find A Grave:
     BIRTH     886, Bourges, Departement du Cher, Centre, France
     DEATH     946 (aged 59–60), France
     Richende of Bourges 886–946
     BIRTH ABT. 886 • Bourges, Cher, Centre, France
     DEATH 946 • France
     Family Members
     Spouse
          Thibaut of Blois
     Children
          Gerlotte (Gillette) De Blois Briquebec 914–937
     BURIAL     Basilique de St-Martin, Tours, Departement d'Indre-et-Loire, Centre, France
     Created by: Our Family History
     Added: 20 Jun 2018
     Find A Grave Memorial 190757620.⁹
      ; Per Genealogy.EU (Blois 1): “Thibaut=Tetbald, Vicomte de Tours 908, and later was Comte de Blois, +ca 942; 1m: NN; 2m: Richildis de Blois (Paris) OR Richildis de Bourges (*892); he had two sons:

; Per Racines et Histoire (Blois-Chartres): “Thibaud (Thibaut, Tetbald) dit «L’Ancien» + ~942 vicomte de Tours (908), comte de Blois, conquiert la ville de Chartres sur le chef Viking Hastings
     ép. 1) ?
     ép. 2) Richildis dite «de Blois» (ou «de Bourges») ° 892”.¹¹

; Per Med Lands:
     "THIBAUT [Tetbald] [I] "l'Ancien", son of --- (-[944], bur Tours Saint-Martin). [Comte de Chartres: Guillaume de Jumièges describes how "Tetboldus comes" threatened “Hastingus” into selling “Carnotenam urbem” to him, after which Hasting became a pilgrim and disappeared (“peregre profectus disparuit”)[23], maybe dated to [900], an earlier passage recording that Hasting held Chartres presumably from “Rainaldus totius Franciæ dux” who had sent him to negotiate unsuccessfully with Rollo. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines records that "Hastingo" sold "civitate Carnoto" to "Turonensi comiti Theobaldo" in 904[24]. The accuracy of these two reports is uncertain as it is unclear whether Hasting was ever comte de Chartres.] Vicomte de Tours: "Domni Fulconis Andecavorum comitis, Tedbaldi Turonorum vicecomitis" subscribed the charter dated 30 Oct 909 under which the testamentary executors of "domni Gauzuini" donated property to Saint-Martin de Tours[25]. "…Tetbaldi vicecomitis…" subscribed the charter of "Hugo rector abbatiæ sancti Martini" relating to Tours Saint-Martin dated 931[26]. The identity of the husband of Richilde, and father of Thibaut [II] and Richard, is confirmed by the charter dated to [944] under which "le comte Thibault père de Thibault" relinquished rights relating to "les terres de Vancé, de Joué, de Martigny et de Berthenay" to Tours Saint-Martin and paid for his future burial in the abbey[27].
     "m firstly ---. The primary source which confirms this first marriage has not been identified. It is likely that the only indication is provided by the charter, dated to [980], under which “Ledgardis comitissa necnon Hugo episcopus et filius meus et item filius meus Odo comes” donated property to Saint-Martin de Tours, for the souls of “Theobaldi comitis quondam senioris mei…Richildis quondam sanctimonialis, eiusque filii Richardi episcopi” (referring to “dicti comitis et fratris sui Theobaldi”, in relation to Bishop Richard)[28]. This charter confirms that Richildis was the mother of Richard and that Richard was the brother of Thibaut [II]. However, the absence of a phrase in the text such as “matris sui” linking “Richildis” to “Theobaldi comitis” suggests that she was not his mother and that therefore the brothers were born from different marriages of the same father.
     "m secondly RICHILDIS, daughter of ---. Richildis is named as second wife of Thibaut in Europäische Stammtafeln[29] but the primary source on which this is based has not yet been identified. The charter, dated to [980], under which “Ledgardis comitissa necnon Hugo episcopus et filius meus et item filius meus Odo comes” donated property to Saint-Martin de Tours, for the souls of “Theobaldi comitis quondam senioris mei…Richildis quondam sanctimonialis, eiusque filii Richardi episcopi” (referring to “dicti comitis et fratris sui Theobaldi”, in relation to Bishop Richard)[30] confirms that Richildis was the mother of Richard and that Richard was the brother of Thibaut. However, it provides no indication of the name of their father and therefore of Richildis’s husband."
Med Lands cites: GAV-28 EDV-30 GKJ-30.

Reference: Genealogics cites: The Plantagenet Ancestry, Baltimore, 1975 , Turton, Lt.Col. W. H. 15.² Richilde (?) de Bourges was also known as Richildis de Blois.⁵ Richilde (?) de Bourges was also known as Richende (?) de Bourges.¹³

; Per Genealogy.EU (Carolingians): “D1. Richildis de Bourges, *892; m.Vcte Thibaut de Tours, Cte de Blois (+ca 942)”.¹⁴

; Per Weis: “Rchilde; m. Theobald (Tetbald), d. 904, Viscount of Troyes, Count of Blois, d. by 942. (ES 11/46; West Winter, VII.6; K.S.B. Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and the Roots of Politics, Chapt. 10, pp. 189-210; K.S.B. Keats-Rohan and C. Settipani, Onomastique et Parent dans l'Occident Medieval, pp. 57-68).”.¹⁵

     Hugues (?) Comte de Bourges was born in 862.³ He married Rothaut (?), daughter of Charles II "The Bald" (?) King of West Franks, King of Aquitaine, Holy Roman Emperor and Richilde (Richaut) (?) d'Ardennes, Queen of the West Franks.^4,5

     GAV-29 EDV-30 GKJ-31.

Reference: Genealogics cites: 3] Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists who came to America bef.1700, 7th Edition, 1992, Weis, Frederick Lewis. 50 partially * Peter Stewart.^4,1 Hugues (?) Comte de Bourges was also known as Hugh (?) Count of Bourges.

     Rothaut (?) was born circa 870.^2,1 She married Hugues (?) Comte de Bourges, son of Stephen (?) Count of Bourges.^2,1

     GAV-29 EDV-30 GKJ-31.

     Hildeprand (?) Duke of Spoleto married Regarde (?) von Alemannen, daughter of GodefroyGodfried (?) Duke of Alemannia and Regentrude(?) (?) of Bavaria.²

Hildeprand (?) Duke of Spoleto was buried in 789 at Burial location unknown ; Per Find A Grave:
     BIRTH          unknown
     DEATH     789
     "Family Members
     "Spouse
     "     "Regarde von Alemannen
     "Children
     "     "Adalindis di Spoleto 730–787
     BURIAL     Non-Cemetery Burial
     Created by: Memerizion
     Added: 7 Jan 2017
     Find A Grave Memorial 175016450
     SPONSORED BY Blaine Barham.³
Hildeprand (?) Duke of Spoleto died in 789.¹
     GAV-35.

; Per Med Lands:
     "HILDEPRAND (-after 788). He fled to Rome when Charles I King of the Franks invaded Italy in 773. Pope Hadrian I appointed him in 774 as HILDEPRAND Duke of Spoleto, subject to the see of Rome[881]. He fought successfully against imperial troops in Italy. "Carolus…rex Francorum et Langobardorum" confirmed the properties of Farfa monastery by charter dated 9 Jun 776, including property which "Theodicius dux…restituit…et…Hildeprandus dux noster fecit"[882]. The Chronicon Farfense records that "Hildeprandus…dux" donated "gualdum…Tancia…in territorio Reatino" to Farfa[883]. "Ildeprandus…dux ducatus Spoletani" confirmed the possessions of Farfa monastery, in the presence of "…Lupo comes de Firmo…Lupo comes de Esculo…Halo comes…", by charter dated Dec 776[884]. The Chronicon Vulturnense records that "Hildeprandus…Dux Ducatus Spoletino" donated "ecclesiam sancti Donati in territorio Cumino" to Volturno monastery by charter dated May 778[885]. The Annales Laurissenses record that "Hildebrandus dux Spolitanus" submitted to Charles I King of the Franks "in villa…Virciniacum" in 779[886]. A charter dated Jul 781 of "Karolus…rex Francorum atque Langobardorum" relating to Farfa names "Hildeprandus…dux", and is witnessed by "Halo…comes"[887]. “Hildeprand...dux ducatus Spoletini” donated property to Montecassino by charter dated 9 Apr “regnante domino nostro Karolo...rex Francorum atque Langobardorum, anno regni eius in Italia...nono” [782][888]. He was succeeded by the Frank Winichis as dux of Spoleto[889]."
Med Lands cites:

; Per Wikipedia:
     "Hildeprand was the Duke of Spoleto from 774 to 789.
     "When Theodicius of Spoleto died fighting at the Siege of Pavia in 774, the Lombards of the Duchy of Spoleto elected Hildeprand their duke and quickly submitted to the Franks. Hildeprand fled to Rome before the Frankish host and did homage to Pope Hadrian I. However, the dispute between Charlemagne and Hadrian as to who had the proper suzerainty over Spoleto was solved in the Frank's favour over the next few years. In January 776, Hildeprandus gloriosus et summus dux ducatus Spoletani made a donation to the Abbey of Farfa dating it to the year of Charles' reign. This form was continued in 777 with language implicitly excluding papal suzerainty.[1]
     "In 775, Hadrian alleged that Hildeprand had joined a conspiracy of Hrodgaud of Friuli and Arechis II of Benevento, but there is no evidence of Hildeprand's involvement. Hildeprand remained a staunch opponent of the papacy thereafter.
     "In 779, Hildeprand travelled to Virciniacum, probably near Compiègne, to profess fealty to Charlemagne. He brought with him gifts and left with promises that the king would protect his interests from those of the pope.
     "In 788, Hildeprand joined Frankish and Lombard troops in resisting a Byzantine invasion. He died the next year and was succeeded by a royal appointee: a Frank, named Winiges.
References
1. Hodgkin, 31.
Sources
-- Hodgkin, Thomas. Italy and her Invaders. Clarendon Press: 1895.¹

He was Duke of Spoleto between 774 and 789.¹

     Giselbert (?) Count in the Massgau married NN de Hesbaie, daughter of NN de Hesbaie,
; Per Weis: "...prob. m. a sister of Echard, Count of Hesbaye."²
     GAV-31 EDV-32 GKJ-32.

; Per Weis: “Giselbert, Count in the Maasgau (the valley of the Meuse river) 839-842; prob. m. a sister of Echard, Count of Hesbaye.”.²

     Gainfroi (?) Count of SensOf Austrasia, Count of Sens, de Maasgau married Theilindis (?), daughter of Aubri II (?) Count of Blois.^3,2
Gainfroi (?) Count of SensOf Austrasia, Count of Sens, de Maasgau was born in 770 at Sens, Departement de l"Yvonne, Bourgogne, France (now).²
Gainfroi (?) Count of SensOf Austrasia, Count of Sens, de Maasgau was buried in 842 at Abbey de Sainte Colombe de Sens, Sens, Departement de l"Yvonne, Bourgogne, France (now); From Find A Grave:
     BIRTH     unknown, Sens, Departement de l'Yonne, Bourgogne, France
     DEATH     unknown, France
     Birth:770, Death:842. Of Austrasia, Count of Sens, de Maasgau
     Family Members
     Spouse
      Theidlindis de Blois de Sens
     Children
      Theodelinde de Sens
     BURIAL     Abbey de Sainte Colombe de Sens, Sens, Departement de l'Yonne, Bourgogne, France
     Created by: Memerizion
     Added: 3 Jun 2015
     Find A Grave Memorial 147414502.²
     GAV-32 EDV-33 GKJ-33.

.³

     Theilindis (?) married Gainfroi (?) Count of SensOf Austrasia, Count of Sens, de Maasgau, son of Mainier (?) Count of Sens, Duke of Austrasia and unknown (?).^2,3
Theilindis (?) was born in 770 at Blois, Departement du Loire-et-Cher, Centre, France.¹
Theilindis (?) died in 795; From Find A Grave:
     BIRTH     unknown, Blois, Departement du Loir-et-Cher, Centre, France
     DEATH     unknown, France
     Birth:770, Death:795. Theidlindis descends from the Merovingian Kings of France (Clovis I the Great and his wife St. Clothilda)
Clodion, King of the Salic Franks (ca. 380-448)
     Family Members
     Parents
      Aubery II de Blois
     Spouse
      Gainfroi de Sens
     BURIAL     Unknown
     Created by: Memerizion
     Added: 3 Jun 2015
     Find A Grave Memorial 147414637.¹
     GAV-32 EDV-33 GKJ-33. Theilindis (?) was also known as Theidlindis (?) de Blois.¹

.²

     GAV-33 EDV-33 GKJ-34.

.¹

     Mainier (?) Count of Sens, Duke of Austrasia married unknown (?), daughter of Haudre (?) Duke.²
Mainier (?) Count of Sens, Duke of Austrasia was born circa 740.³
Mainier (?) Count of Sens, Duke of Austrasia died in 800.²
     GAV-33 EDV-34 GKJ-34.

     Unknown (?) married Mainier (?) Count of Sens, Duke of Austrasia, son of Albo (?).¹

     GAV-33 EDV-33 GKJ-34.

.¹

     GAV-34 EDV-34 GKJ-35.

.¹

     GAV-34 EDV-34 GKJ-35.

.¹

     GAV-35 EDV-35 GKJ-36.

.¹

     Dagobert II (?) King of Austrasia married Mechtilde (?)^1,2,5
Dagobert II (?) King of Austrasia was born circa 652.^1,2
Dagobert II (?) King of Austrasia died on 23 December 679 at Stenay, Lorraine, France (now).^1,2
Dagobert II (?) King of Austrasia was buried after 23 December 679 at Basilique Saint-Denis, Saint-Denis, Departement de Seine-Saint-Denis, Île-de-France, France; From Find A Grave:
     BIRTH     unknown, France
     DEATH     unknown, Stenay, Departement de la Meuse, Lorraine, France
     Birth:650; Death:12/23/679. Dagobert acceded to the throne of Austrasia at the age of seven, upon the death of Sigebert III, but was quickly deposed. Dagobert fled to Ireland and returned to Metz in 673 and claimed the throne. During exile, he married an Anglo-Saxon princess named Matilda.
     Family Members
     Parents
      Sigebert III King Of Austrasia
     Spouse
      Mechthilde d'Austrasia
     Siblings
      Bilichild Queen Of The Franks unknown–675
     Children
      Adèle
     BURIAL     Saint Denis Basilique, Saint-Denis, Departement de Seine-Saint-Denis, Île-de-France, France
     Created by: Memerizion
     Added: 3 Jun 2015
     Find A Grave Memorial 147414898.⁶
      ; St.Dagobert II, *ca 652, +muredered 6/23.12.679, King of Metz (Austrasie) (656-661)+(676-679); m.Mechtilde N (+670.)¹

; In 656, after his father's death, for his security he was sent to an Irish monastery while Childebert took the throne. After the downfall of Grimoald and Childebert, Dagobert's cousin, Chlotar III, King of Neustria, secured the Austrasian throne for Childeric II.

In 675 Childeric II was murdered and, with the assistance of Wilfrid, bishop of York, Dagobert was traced and restored to the throne in 676. Only three years later he, too, was murdered and all the Frankish lands were united under Theodoric III.²

; Leo van de Pas cites: 1. Stammtafeln zur Geschichte der Europäischen Staaten, 4 volumes, Marburg, 1953, 1975., W. K. Prinz von Isenburg, Reference: I 1
2. Encyclopaedia Britannica Chicago,London,Toronto, 1961.² He was King of Austrasia between 674 and 678.^7,8

     Eremburg/Aremburga (?) married Ebalus Mancer (?) Comte de Poitou, Duc d'Aquitaine, son of Rainulf II (?) Count of Poitou, Duke/King of Aquitaine and Ermengarde (?), between 10 October 891 and 892
;
His 1st wife. Weis [1992:128] line 144A-18 says m. 892; Poitou 1 page says m. after 10.10.891; Med Lands says m. bef 10 Oct 892.^2,1,3,4
      ; Per Med Lands:
     "EBLE "Mancer", illegitimate son of RAINULF II Comte de Poitou, Duke of Aquitaine & his mistress --- ([870/75]-[932/34]). The Chronicle of Adémar de Chabannes names "Eblum" as son of "Ramnulfus…comes Pictaviensis", another manuscript specifying that he was born "ex concubina"[325]. The Chronicle of Saint-Maxence names "Ramnulfus comes…Pictavensis…filium Eblum"[326]. The Chronico Richardi Pictavensis names "Ramnulfus Comes Pictavis filium…Eblum"[327]. He succeeded his father in 890 as EBLE "Mancer" Comte de Poitou, his illegitimacy apparently presenting no obstacle to his succession, although he was opposed by Adémar, son of Comte Emenon. Comte Eble found refuge first with Géraud Seigneur d'Aurillac, later with Guillaume "le Pieux" Comte d'Auvergne, his uncles Gauzbert and Eble assuming the defence of his rights to Poitou until their deaths in late 892[328]. Poitou was captured by the forces of Eudes King of France, who gave the county to his brother Robert, who was expelled by Comte Aimar[329]. Comte Eble expelled Comte Aimar in 902 and was restored as Comte de Poitou. He was recognised as Comte du Limousin in 904[330]. Guillaume de Jumièges records that Rollo invaded “Leugas...montis” and that "Ebulus...Pictavensis comes" was unable to defeat him[331]. Acfred Duke of Aquitaine appointed Eble as his heir, who succeeded as Duke of Aquitaine and Comte d'Auvergne in 927[332]. Raoul King of France transferred Aquitaine to Raymond Comte de Toulouse in 932[333]. "Ebolus…Pictavorum…comes" donated "in pago Alninse, Ingolinis, in villa…Verzeria" to St Cyprien, Poitiers by charter dated Jan 934 ("anno XI regnante Radulfo rege")[334]. On the other hand, a charter dated 932 was confirmed by "Guillelmus comes…post mortem patris sui"[335]. It is assumed that one of the documents is incorrectly dated.
     "[m firstly] (betrothed before 10 Oct 892) AREMBURGE, daughter of ---. She is named as the betrothed of Eble in his charter dated 10 Oct 890[336]: "Ebolus […comite] iuuenili adhuc ætate florens" donated "alodum…Aleriacum in pago Briocinse in vicaria Sauiniacinse super fluvium Carantum…Ciliacum…Curcolmum" to Tours Saint-Martin, for the souls of "genitoris mei Ramnulfi…ac avunculorum meorum Gauzberti et Eboli", and naming "sponsa eius…Aremburgis…in futuris nuptiis", by charter dated 10 Oct 892[337]. This document is redated to 10 Oct 890 by Mabille[338]. No document has been found which confirms that the marriage was ever finalised.
     "m [secondly] (before Feb 911) EMILLANE, daughter of --- (-after [932/36]). "Emmena femina" granted property "allodus situs in pago Pictavo in vicaria Salvinse in villa…Baidonnus" to "domnum Ebolum comitem et…uxorem eius Emillane" by charter dated Feb 911[339]. Ademar names "Adelam, filiam Rosi Rotomagensis" as wife of Eble and mother of "Willelmum Caputstupæ", but this is chronologically impossible, the individual being confused no doubt with the wife of Comte Guillaume I[340]. The Chronico Comitum Pictaviæ names "Hadelliam…Adestani regis Angliæ filiam" as wife of "Ebles Dux Aquitaniæ et Pictaviæ Comes"[341], but this also appears impossible. "Willelmi comitis, Alaine comitisse que fuit monacha" subscribed the donation by "Rotbertus clericus" of property to St Cyprien, Poitiers by charter dated [932/36][342], it being assumed that "Alaine" was the mother of Comte Guillaume I although no relationship is stated in the document."
Med Lands cites:

; Per Racines et Histoire (Aquitaine-Poitou): “?) Ebles II «Manzer» (Ebalus «Mancer») de Poitou «Le Bâtard» ° ~870/75 + ~934/35 comte de Poitiers (890-902-934, succède à Aymar sous la tutelle de Guillaume «Le Pieux»), abbé laïc de Saint-Hilaire (890-893, 902-934), duc d’Aquitaine et comte d’Auvergne et du Velay (927/28-934, choisi comme héritier : succède à Acfred) (contre son compétiteur Ademar (fils d’Emenon) ; il est soutenu par Géraud, comte d’Aurillac, Guillaume «Le Pieux», comte d’Auvergne, ses oncles Gauzbert et Ebles, restauré en 902 comme comte de Poitou), comte de Limousin (904), spolié par le Roi Eudes (don du Poitou à son frère Robert, chassé par Aimar) puis par le Roi Raoul au profit de Raymond, comte de Toulouse (cité donation à Saint-Cyprien 01/934)
     ép. 1) fiançailles ~10/10/890/891 Aremburge
     ép. 2) dès 02/911 Emilienne (Emiliane, Emillane) + 932/36
     [ invraisemblable : ép. 3?) Adèle (Alaine) de Wessex (fille d’Edward 1er, Roi du Wessex) ]”.⁵

; Per Weis: "Ebles Mancer, a bastard of Ranulf II, d. 932, Count of Poitou 890-892, 903, by Ermengarde, prob. a concubine; m. (1) 892, Eremburg; m. (2) 911, Emliane. (Moriarty, The Plantagenet Ancestry, p. 26)."²

; Per Genealogy.EU (Poitou): “C2. [illegitimate] Ebles Mancer, Ct of Poitou and Auvergne (908-934), Duke of Aquitaine (927-934), *867/872, +934/935; 1m: after 10.10.891 Aremburga N; 2m: before II.911 Emilienne N.”.^6,7

Reference: Genealogics cites: Caroli Magni Progenies, Neustadt an der Aisch, 1977 , Rösch, Siegfried. 135.⁴ GAV-28. Eremburg/Aremburga (?) was also known as Aremburgis (?)⁴

     Rainulf I (?) comte d’Angoulême, Comte Poitou was born between 815 and 820; Charlemagne Desc says b. ca 0815; Poitou 1 page says b. 820; Racines et Histoire says b. 815/820.^1,2,5 He married Aiga/Aigane (?) de Septimanie after 843
;
Her 3rd husband; his 1st wife.^6,5 Rainulf I (?) comte d’Angoulême, Comte Poitou married Bilichildis/Bilichilde (?) de Maine, daughter of Rorico/Rorick (?) Comte de Maine and Bilchilde (?), circa 845
;
Her 2nd (?) husband. His 2nd wife. Weis [AR7] line 144A-16 says m. ca 845; Poitou 1 page says m. 845.^7,2,8,5
Rainulf I (?) comte d’Angoulême, Comte Poitou died in October 866 at Brissarthe, France (now); Killed fighting the vikings.^1,2,5
     GAV-30 EDV-30. Rainulf I (?) comte d’Angoulême, Comte Poitou was also known as Ramnulf I (?) comte d’Angoulême, Comte Poitou.⁹

; Per Genealogy.EU (Poitou,1): “A1. Rainulf I, Ct of Poitou, Duke of Aquitaine (852-866), *820, +Brissarthe X.866; m.845 Bilichilde de Maine, a dau.of Ct Rorico de Maine”.²

; Per Racines et Histoire (Aquitaine): “1) Ramnulf 1er (Rainulf, Renoul, Rannoux) ° ~815/20 +X 10/866 (de ses blessures près Brissarthe, 49, contre les Vikings) comte d’Angoulême (840, nommé par Louis «Le Pieux»), comte de Poitiers (839, investi par Emenon, chassé de son comté par l’Empereur Louis), Abbé de Saint-Hilaire de Poitiers, duc d’Aquitaine (852-866), partisan de Charles II «Le Chauve»
     ép. 1) après 843 Aiga (ou Aigane) de Septimanie (veuve de 1) comte Immo et de 2) Raoul, comte de Turenne + dès 02/844) (citée dans le Cartulaire de Beaulieu 11/823)
     ép. 2) 845 Bilchilde (ou Blichilde, Bilichildis) du Maine (fille de Rorico(n) II, comte du Maine, et de Bilechildis ; possible veuve de Bernard, comte en Poitou +X 844)”.⁵ He was Duke of Aquitaine between 852 and 866.²

     Bilichildis/Bilichilde (?) de Maine married Bernard (?) Comte de Poitou, son of Unknown (?),
;
Her 1st husband.⁵ Bilichildis/Bilichilde (?) de Maine married Rainulf I (?) comte d’Angoulême, Comte Poitou, son of Gerard I (?) Comte d'Auvergne and Rotrud/Hildegard (?) of the Franks, circa 845
;
Her 2nd (?) husband. His 2nd wife. Weis [AR7] line 144A-16 says m. ca 845; Poitou 1 page says m. 845.^3,1,2,6
      ; Per Genealogy.EU (Poitou,1): “A1. Rainulf I, Ct of Poitou, Duke of Aquitaine (852-866), *820, +Brissarthe X.866; m.845 Bilichilde de Maine, a dau.of Ct Rorico de Maine”.¹
; Per Racines et Histoire (Aquitaine): “1) Ramnulf 1er (Rainulf, Renoul, Rannoux) ° ~815/20 +X 10/866 (de ses blessures près Brissarthe, 49, contre les Vikings) comte d’Angoulême (840, nommé par Louis «Le Pieux»), comte de Poitiers (839, investi par Emenon, chassé de son comté par l’Empereur Louis), Abbé de Saint-Hilaire de Poitiers, duc d’Aquitaine (852-866), partisan de Charles II «Le Chauve»
     ép. 1) après 843 Aiga (ou Aigane) de Septimanie (veuve de 1) comte Immo et de 2) Raoul, comte de Turenne + dès 02/844) (citée dans le Cartulaire de Beaulieu 11/823)
     ép. 2) 845 Bilchilde (ou Blichilde, Bilichildis) du Maine (fille de Rorico(n) II, comte du Maine, et de Bilechildis ; possible veuve de Bernard, comte en Poitou +X 844)”.⁶

; Per MedLands:
     "[BILICHILDIS]. The origin of the wife of Comte Bernard is deduced from the Historia Inventionis Sanctii Baudelli which names "Gothorum princeps Bernardus cum avunculo suo Gauzleno tunc inclito Abbate, futuro autem episcopo"[50]. Flodoard's Historia Remensis Ecclesiæ also names "Gozlino…Bernardo nepote ipsius", referring to Bernard Marquis of Septimania and his rebellion dated to [877][51]. She is named in the record of the excommunication by Pope John VIII of "Bernardum filium Bernardi et Belihildis" in 879[52]. m BERNARD Comte, son of --- (-killed in battle [844/45]).
     "[daughter . Abbo's De Bellis Parisiacæ names "Ebolus…Abba" as nepos of "Gauzlinus…pontificis"[53], the latter being reported in other sources as the son of Comte Rorico [I] (see below). It is possible that the wife of Comte Rainulf was the same person as the daughter named [Bilichildis] (see above), who would have been recently widowed at the time of Rainulf's marriage. [emphasis added] m ([845]) as his second wife, RAINULF I Comte de Poitou, son of GERARD I Comte d'Auvergne & his first wife --- ([815]-near Brissarthe Jul 866).]
MedLands cites: GAV-30 EDV-30.

; Bilichilde de Maine, a dau.of Ct Rorico de Maine.¹

; Per France Balade: La première Maison du Maine : Les Rorgonides
     "C'est la famille qui a dominé le Maine pendant la plus grande partie du IXème siècle. Depuis le VIIIème siècle le Maine était la région coeur de la Neustrie et Le Mans était en quelque sorte la capitale de cet ancien royaume. D'où l'importance particulière de la famille qui dirigeait le Maine.
     "Les Rorgonides sont peut être issus du comte Roger, présent en 720 à l'époque de Charles Martel. Mais de manière plus sure ils sont issus d'un comte carolingien nommé Gauzlin qui vivait en 820, sa femme s'appelait Adeltrude. Il en a eu deux fils, Gauzbert et Rorico Ier (+ vers 841).
     "Rorico Ier se lie avec une fille de Charlemagne, Rotrude qui lui donne un fils Louis Abbé de Saint Denis, mort en 867.
Il se marie ensuite avec Bilchilde avec qui il a cinq enfants :
- Rorico II, mort en 865
- Gauzlin, l'évêque de Paris qui défend cette ville contre les Normands avec le Robertien Eudes en 886.
- Gauzfrid qui devient comte du Maine,
- Bilchilde mariée à Bernard. Ils ont un fils également nommé Bernard (de Gothie).
- une fille (Adeltrude) qui épouse Ramnulf I comte de Poitiers.
     "Gauzbert, frère de Rorico Ier, devient comte du Maine à la suite de celui-ci. Accusé de collusion avec les Bretons par Charles le Chauve et du meurtre de Lambert comte de Nantes, il est exécuté en 853.
     "Ceci provoque une réaction des grandes familles aristocrates dont certaines font appel à Louis le Germanique (le frère de Charles le Chauve) en 857-8.
     "Gauzfrid, le fils de Rorico Ier, devient ensuite comte du Maine. Gauzlin (mort en 914) est le dernier comte du Maine de cette famille, Gauzlin était soutenu par les Robertiens Eudes et Robert qui ont été rois de Francie Occidentale.
     "Les Rorgonides assurent sans succès la défense de la région contre les Bretons. Au final ils traitent avec eux puis s'associent à la révolte de Louis le Bègue contre son père Charles le Chauve.
     "Ce dernier confie alors la défense de la Neustrie (y compris le Maine) à Robert le Fort. C'est à partir de là que s'est construite la suzeraineté des Robertiens sur le Maine."⁷

; Per Med Lands:
     "RORICO [Rorgo] [I] (-16 Jun [839/40], bur Abbaye de Saint-Maur de Glanfeuil, Anjou). His relationship with one of the daughters of Emperor Charlemagne suggests that Rorico probably lived at the emperor's court in the early 9th century, but no confirmation of this suggestion has been found in contemporary documentation. Comte du Maine. The Actus pontificum Cenomannis names "Cenomannis…comite eiusdem parrochie Rorigone", in a passage which records the enthronement of bishop Aldric in 832[29]. Considering that Guy was named as comte du Maine in [832/34], one possibility is that this enthronement was incorrectly dated in this source. Another possibility is that two counts held power in the county at the same time, although no other primary source indication has been identified which suggests that this is correct. Emperor Louis I confirmed the donation made by "comes Rorigo…cum sue coniuge Bilechilde" to "cœnobium Glannafoliense Fossatensi in pago Andegavo" by charter dated 833[30]. “Rorgo comes” donated “predium...in pago Andecavo in condita Maciacense...in Valegia...loco...Maisnisias”, which “genitor meus Gauzlinus et mater mea Adeltrudis habuerunt”, to the abbey of Saint-Maur-sur-Loire (later known as Glanfeuil) in which “germanus noster Gausbetus...et filium nostrum Gauslinum” followed the religious life, confirmed by Dodon Bishop of Anjou by charter dated 1 Mar 839, signed by “Rortgonis comitis, Bilechildis uxoris eius, Gausberti fratris eius...”[31].
     "m (after 800) BILICHILDIS, daughter of --- (-after 1 Mar 839). Emperor Louis I confirmed the donation of "comes Rorigo…cum sue coniuge Bilechilde" to "cœnobium Glannafoliense Fossatensi in pago Andegavo" by charter dated 833[32]. “Rorgo comes” donated property to the abbey of Saint-Maur-sur-Loire, confirmed by Dodon Bishop of Anjou by charter dated 1 Mar 839, signed by “Rortgonis comitis, Bilechildis uxoris eius...”[33].
     "Mistress (1): ([800]) HROTHRUDIS [Rotrud], daughter of Emperor CHARLES I King of the Franks & his second wife Hildegard [Udalrichinger] ([775]-6 Jun 810[34]). "Hruodrudem et Bertham et Gislam" are named as daughters of King Charles and Hildegard by Einhard[35]. Rotrud's relationship with Rorico [I] is confirmed by the Annales Bertiniani which record the death "867 V Id Ian" of "Hludowicus abbas monasterii et nepos Karoli imperatoris ex filia maiori natu Rohtrude"[36], read together with an earlier part of the same source in which her son Louis is named "Ludowicum abbatem monasterii Sancti Dyonisii cum fratre ipsius Gauzleno"[37], Gauzlin being named in other sources cited below as the son of Rorico. The Gesta Francorum records the death "810 VIII Id Iun" of "Hruoddrud filia imperatoris quæ natu maior erat"[38]. Einhard records the death "VIII Id Iun 810" of "Hruodtrud filia imperatories"[39]. The necrology of the abbey of Saint-Denis records the death "III Non Jun" of "Rotrudis filia Karoli imperatoris"[40].
     "Comte Rorico & his wife had [five] children (the order of birth of these children is approximate):
     "Comte Rorico had one illegitimate son by Mistress (1):
MedLands cites:

     Rorico/Rorick (?) Comte de Maine married Rotrud (Hruothraud) (?), daughter of Charlemagne (?) King of the Franks and Emperor of the West and Hildegardis (?) of Swabia, Countess of Vinzgau, Queen of the Franks, circa 800
;
Her 2nd husband. Genelogics says they m. ca 800. According to Wikipedia: "Count Rorgon had been a retainer at the court of Charlemagne, with whose daughter Rotrude he had a sexual relationship.[5] The couple had at least one illegitimate child, Louis, Abbot of Saint-Denis, Saint-Riquier, and Saint-Wandrille,[5] who was also chancellor to his cousin Charles the Bald from 841.[4]"
Wikipedia cites:
[4] Régine Le Jan, Famille et pouvoir dans le monde franc: (VIIe-Xe siècle) (Publications de la Sorbonne, Paris, 2003), p. 445.
[5] Einhard the Frank, The Life of Charlemagne, Ed. & Trans. Lewis Thorpe (The Folio Society, London, 1970), p. 60 n.*.^6,7,4 Rorico/Rorick (?) Comte de Maine married Bilchilde (?) before 832
;
His 2nd wife.^8,4
Rorico/Rorick (?) Comte de Maine died on 16 June 840; Genealogics says d. aft 1 Mar 839; Find A Grave says d. 16 Jun 840.^6,3
Rorico/Rorick (?) Comte de Maine was buried after 16 June 840 at Abbaye Saint-Maur de Glanfeuil, Le Thoureil, Departement de Maine-et-Loire, Pays de la Loire, France; From Find A Grave:
     BIRTH     unknown, France
     DEATH     16 Jun 840, France
     Rorgon I or Rorico(n) I (also Rorgo or Rorich; died 16 June 839 or 840) was the first Count of Maine and progenitor of the Rorgonid dynasty, which is named for him. He was Count of Rennes from 819 and of Maine from 832 until his death.
He was a son of count Gauzlin I of Maine and Adeltrude, both of whom are named as his parents in a charter of 839 by Rorgo I to the Abbey of Saint-Maur de Glanfeuil. Between 819 and 832 Rorgon became count of Maine and at some point, possibly at the bidding of his wife Bilechilde who may have owned the property, undertook to restore the Abbey of Glanfeuil. An Abbot Ingelbert of Saint-Maur-des-Fossés allegedly assisted Rorgon and sent monks including Rorgon's brother Gausbert. Gausbert (Gauzbert) was the name of an Abbot at Abbaye Saint-Maur de Glanfeuil.
     Count Rorgon had been a retainer at the court of Charlemagne, with whose daughter Rotrude he had a relationship. The couple had at least one illegitimate child, Louis, Abbot of Saint-Denis, Saint-Riquier, and Saint-Wandrille, who was also chancellor to his cousin Charles the Bald from 841. Wikipedia
     Rorgon married a lady named Bilechilde, and had three sons and two daughters:
** Rorgon II of Maine-Rorgon II (c.?800 – c.?865) was the Count of Maine from 849–865. He was the eldest son of Rorgon I. As Count, he succeeded Gauzbert (brother of Rorgon I), and was succeeded by his own brother, Gauzfrid.
** Gauzfrid of Neustria-Gauzfrid of Maine (died 878) was both Count of Maine and Margrave of the Norman March from 865 until his death. He was a son of Rorgon of Maine by his wife Bichilde.
     In 861, Charles the Bald, king of West Francia created the March of Neustria, combining the Norman March and the Breton March. They were invested to Adalard the Seneschal and Robert the Strong respectively. Gauzfrid and his brother Rorgon II, who was Count of Maine at the time, revolted against Robert. The two brothers allied with Salomon of Brittany in opposition to Robert the Strong.
     In 865, Rorgon II died and Gauzfrid became the new Count of Maine. The same year, Charles the Bald deprived Adalard's family of their land in Neustria, and awarded it to Gauzfrid.
     He had several children.
** Gauzlin (died 914), Count of Maine
** Gauzbert (fl. 912)
     Upon his death in 878, Gauzfrid's lands passed to his cousin Ragenold, because Gauzfrid's children were too young to succeed.
** Gauzlin, Bishop of Paris
** Bilechilde who married Bernard of Poitou
** Adaltrude who married Ramulf, Count of Poitiers
     Family Members
     Parents
          Gauzlin I du Maine 745–839
          Adeltrude de Bourges du Maine 750 – unknown
     Siblings
          Gauzbert du Maine unknown–853
          Gauzlin II du Maine 775–826
     BURIAL     Abbaye Saint-Maur de Glanfeuil, Le Thoureil, Departement de Maine-et-Loire, Pays de la Loire, France
     Created by: Memerizion
     Added: 9 Aug 2018
     Find A Grave Memorial 192099270.^3,4
     GAV-31 EDV-31.

; This is the same person as ”Rorgon I, Count of Maine” at Wikipedia and as ”Rorgon Ier du Maine” at Wikipédia (FR).^4,9

Reference: Genealogics cites: Caroli Magni Progenies Neustadt an der Aisch, 1977. , Siegfried Rosch, Reference: 66.⁶ Rorico/Rorick (?) Comte de Maine was also known as Rorico (?) Comte de Rennes et Maine.^6,7 Rorico/Rorick (?) Comte de Maine was also known as Rociron (?) de Rennes, Ct du Maine.⁷ Rorico/Rorick (?) Comte de Maine was also known as Rorgon I (?) Comte du Maine.³

; Per Med Lands:
     "RORICO [Rorgo] [I] (-16 Jun [839/40], bur Abbaye de Saint-Maur de Glanfeuil, Anjou). His relationship with one of the daughters of Emperor Charlemagne suggests that Rorico probably lived at the emperor's court in the early 9th century, but no confirmation of this suggestion has been found in contemporary documentation. Comte du Maine. The Actus pontificum Cenomannis names "Cenomannis…comite eiusdem parrochie Rorigone", in a passage which records the enthronement of bishop Aldric in 832[29]. Considering that Guy was named as comte du Maine in [832/34], one possibility is that this enthronement was incorrectly dated in this source. Another possibility is that two counts held power in the county at the same time, although no other primary source indication has been identified which suggests that this is correct. Emperor Louis I confirmed the donation made by "comes Rorigo…cum sue coniuge Bilechilde" to "cœnobium Glannafoliense Fossatensi in pago Andegavo" by charter dated 833[30]. “Rorgo comes” donated “predium...in pago Andecavo in condita Maciacense...in Valegia...loco...Maisnisias”, which “genitor meus Gauzlinus et mater mea Adeltrudis habuerunt”, to the abbey of Saint-Maur-sur-Loire (later known as Glanfeuil) in which “germanus noster Gausbetus...et filium nostrum Gauslinum” followed the religious life, confirmed by Dodon Bishop of Anjou by charter dated 1 Mar 839, signed by “Rortgonis comitis, Bilechildis uxoris eius, Gausberti fratris eius...”[31].
     "m (after 800) BILICHILDIS, daughter of --- (-after 1 Mar 839). Emperor Louis I confirmed the donation of "comes Rorigo…cum sue coniuge Bilechilde" to "cœnobium Glannafoliense Fossatensi in pago Andegavo" by charter dated 833[32]. “Rorgo comes” donated property to the abbey of Saint-Maur-sur-Loire, confirmed by Dodon Bishop of Anjou by charter dated 1 Mar 839, signed by “Rortgonis comitis, Bilechildis uxoris eius...”[33].
     "Mistress (1): ([800]) HROTHRUDIS [Rotrud], daughter of Emperor CHARLES I King of the Franks & his second wife Hildegard [Udalrichinger] ([775]-6 Jun 810[34]). "Hruodrudem et Bertham et Gislam" are named as daughters of King Charles and Hildegard by Einhard[35]. Rotrud's relationship with Rorico [I] is confirmed by the Annales Bertiniani which record the death "867 V Id Ian" of "Hludowicus abbas monasterii et nepos Karoli imperatoris ex filia maiori natu Rohtrude"[36], read together with an earlier part of the same source in which her son Louis is named "Ludowicum abbatem monasterii Sancti Dyonisii cum fratre ipsius Gauzleno"[37], Gauzlin being named in other sources cited below as the son of Rorico. The Gesta Francorum records the death "810 VIII Id Iun" of "Hruoddrud filia imperatoris quæ natu maior erat"[38]. Einhard records the death "VIII Id Iun 810" of "Hruodtrud filia imperatories"[39]. The necrology of the abbey of Saint-Denis records the death "III Non Jun" of "Rotrudis filia Karoli imperatoris"[40].
     "Comte Rorico & his wife had [five] children (the order of birth of these children is approximate):
     "Comte Rorico had one illegitimate son by Mistress (1):
MedLands cites:

; Per France Balade: La première Maison du Maine : Les Rorgonides
     "C'est la famille qui a dominé le Maine pendant la plus grande partie du IXème siècle. Depuis le VIIIème siècle le Maine était la région coeur de la Neustrie et Le Mans était en quelque sorte la capitale de cet ancien royaume. D'où l'importance particulière de la famille qui dirigeait le Maine.
     "Les Rorgonides sont peut être issus du comte Roger, présent en 720 à l'époque de Charles Martel. Mais de manière plus sure ils sont issus d'un comte carolingien nommé Gauzlin qui vivait en 820, sa femme s'appelait Adeltrude. Il en a eu deux fils, Gauzbert et Rorico Ier (+ vers 841).
     "Rorico Ier se lie avec une fille de Charlemagne, Rotrude qui lui donne un fils Louis Abbé de Saint Denis, mort en 867.
Il se marie ensuite avec Bilchilde avec qui il a cinq enfants :
- Rorico II, mort en 865
- Gauzlin, l'évêque de Paris qui défend cette ville contre les Normands avec le Robertien Eudes en 886.
- Gauzfrid qui devient comte du Maine,
- Bilchilde mariée à Bernard. Ils ont un fils également nommé Bernard (de Gothie).
- une fille (Adeltrude) qui épouse Ramnulf I comte de Poitiers.
     "Gauzbert, frère de Rorico Ier, devient comte du Maine à la suite de celui-ci. Accusé de collusion avec les Bretons par Charles le Chauve et du meurtre de Lambert comte de Nantes, il est exécuté en 853.
     "Ceci provoque une réaction des grandes familles aristocrates dont certaines font appel à Louis le Germanique (le frère de Charles le Chauve) en 857-8.
     "Gauzfrid, le fils de Rorico Ier, devient ensuite comte du Maine. Gauzlin (mort en 914) est le dernier comte du Maine de cette famille, Gauzlin était soutenu par les Robertiens Eudes et Robert qui ont été rois de Francie Occidentale.
     "Les Rorgonides assurent sans succès la défense de la région contre les Bretons. Au final ils traitent avec eux puis s'associent à la révolte de Louis le Bègue contre son père Charles le Chauve.
     "Ce dernier confie alors la défense de la Neustrie (y compris le Maine) à Robert le Fort. C'est à partir de là que s'est construite la suzeraineté des Robertiens sur le Maine."¹¹ He and Rotrud (Hruothraud) (?) were associated.
; See attached image of a chart showing the descent of Hildegardis (who m. Geoffroy I, vicomte de Châteaudun), based on the work of Settipani [2000].^12,13

     Gerard I (?) Comte d'Auvergne was born in 790; Genealogy.EU says b. 800; Genealogics says b. ca 790.^4,2 He married Rotrud/Hildegard (?) of the Franks, daughter of Pepin I (?) King of Aquitaine and Ringart (?), in 819
;
His 2nd wife (per Wikipédia (FR) and Settipani.)^{5,6,4,7,2,8,9,3}
Gerard I (?) Comte d'Auvergne died on 25 June 841 at Fontenoy, France (now); killed in battle.^4,2,3
     ; NB: There is no certainty about the parents of Rotrud. The discussion is complex and relies on few hard facts. I would refer readers to the comments in the sources cited here to develop their own opinions. I have chosen to follow the lineage proposed most recently by Christian Settipani, assigning Gerard two wives, and one of them (Rotrud) probably being the dau. of Pepin I King of Auvergne (son of Louis I "The Pious"). GA Vaut.^{10,11,12,13,8,14}

; Per Med Lands:
     "[MATHILDE] . Her affiliation is indicated by the Vita Hludovici which names "Gerardus…comes et gener quondam Pippini necnon Ratherius similiter comes Pippini gener"[104]. If this is correct, the two counts were much older than their wives. Some authors have therefore suggested that "brothers-in-law" is a more accurate translation of generes and that the two counts were therefore married to two daughters of Emperor Louis I[105]. Settipani[106] argues that this is incompatible with the context in which the term is used in the Vita. The Vita Sancti Geraldi Compendium names "Mathildem filiam Pippini Aquitaniæ regis…Geraldi aviam" and his parents "patre Geraldo Auriliaci comite…matre Adaltrude" when recording the birth of "Geraldum" in 855[107].
     "m as his [second] wife, GERARD I Comte d’Auvergne, son of --- (-killed in battle Fontenoy 25 Jun 841)."
Med Lands cites:

; Per Genealogy.EU (Carolin 1): “B3 Rotrude, *800, +ca 841; 1m: Cte Gerard I d'Auvergne (+25.6.841); 2m: Rather de Limoges”.¹⁵ GAV-31 EDV-31 GKJ-33.

Reference: Genealogics cites: Caroli Magni Progenies, Neustadt an der Aisch, 1977 , Rösch, Siegfried. 79.²

; Per Med Lands:
     "GERARD (-killed in battle Fontenoy 25 Jun 841). Comte d'Auvergne. The Vita Hludowici Imperatoris names "Ebroinus…Pictavensis episcopo Flateram…Reginardus comes, Gerardus itidem comes et gener quondam Pippini regis [et] Ratharius…comes Pippini gener" [in 839][274]. m firstly ---. An earlier marriage is indicated by the chronology of the family of Gérard´s known wife, which shows that his son Ramnulf could not have been born from that marriage.
     "m secondly --- [MATHILDE] [d´Aquitaine], daughter of PEPIN I King of Aquitaine [Carolingian] & his wife Ringardis. Her affiliation is indicated by the Vita Hludovici which names "Gerardus…comes et gener quondam Pippini necnon Ratherius similiter comes Pippini gener"[275]. If this is correct, the two counts were much older than their wives. Some authors have therefore suggested that "brothers-in-law" is a more accurate translation of generes and that the two counts were therefore married to two daughters of Emperor Louis I[276]. Settipani[277] argues that this is incompatible with the context in which the term is used in the Vita. The Vita Sancti Geraldi Compendium names "Mathildem filiam Pippini Aquitaniæ regis…Geraldi aviam" and his parents "patre Geraldo Auriliaci comite…matre Adaltrude" when recording the birth of "Geraldum" in 855[278]."
Med Lands cites:

; Per Genealogy.EU (Poitou 1): “The earliest definite ancestor [of the House of Poitou] was one Cte Gérard I d'Auvergne, *800, +k.a.Fontenoy 25.6.841; m.819 Rotrude/Hildegarde of Franks (*802/804 +X.841);”.¹⁶

     Ratold/Rapoldus (?) von Karnten was born before 889.¹
      ; Leo van de Pas cites: Caroli Magni Progenies Neustadt an der Aisch, 1977. , Siegfried Rosch, Reference: 112.¹

     Regnier V (?) Count of Hainault was born before 1013.⁵ He married Mathilde (?) of Verdun, daughter of Hermann/Hezelo (?) von Enham, Graf in Eifelgau, Vicomte of Verdun and Matilde (?) von Dasburg, circa 1015.^6,3,2,7

Regnier V (?) Count of Hainault died circa 1039.^1,5,3,2
     Regnier V (?) Count of Hainault was also known as Roger/Reginar (?) de Hainault.³ Regnier V (?) Count of Hainault was also known as Reginar IV.³ He was Count of Hainault between 1013 and 1036 at Hainaut, France.²