Person Page - 1659

     Stephen I (?) Count of Vermandois was born in 952.¹
Stephen I (?) Count of Vermandois died in 1021.¹

     Agnes (?) was born in 953.¹

     Ordmaer (?) Ealdorman of Devon married Ealda (?)²

Ordmaer (?) Ealdorman of Devon died between 963 and 971.²
      ; Per Med Lands:
     "ORDMÆR (-[963/71]). Ealdorman of Devon. In the primary sources so far consulted while preparing the present document, Ordmær is only named as the father of Æthelflæd. No source has yet been found which names him in his personal capacity. It is probable that he was appointed as Ealdorman of Devon in [962/64] after the death of Ealdorman Ælfgar, probably by King Edgar and maybe around the same time as the king´s marriage to his daughter. He presumably died soon afterwards as Ordgar, whose death as Ealdorman of Devon is recorded in 971, is recorded as "dux" (no territorial epithet) from 964 (see below).
     "m EALDA, daughter of ---. The primary source which confirms her marriage has not yet been identified."²

     Athelwald (?) Ealdorman of East Anglia married Elfrida/Aelfthryth (?) Queen of England, daughter of Ordgar (?) Ealdorman of Devon,
;
Her 1st husband; his 2nd wife.^1,4,5
Athelwald (?) Ealdorman of East Anglia died before 964.^1,2
Athelwald (?) Ealdorman of East Anglia was buried before 964 at Ramsey, Huntingdonshire, England.²
      ; Per Med Lands:
     "ÆLFTHRYTH (Lydford Castle, Devon ([945]-Wherwell Abbey, Hampshire [999/1002], bur Wherwell Abbey). The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records the marriage in 965 of King Edgar and Ælfthryth, stating that she was the daughter of ealdorman Ordgar[35]. Simeon of Durham records the marriage of King Eadgar and "the daughter of Ordgar duke of Devonshire after the death of her husband Elfwold…duke of the East Angles" in 964[36]. Roger of Hoveden names her, her father and her first husband, when recording her second marriage[37]. Geoffrey Gaimar records a lengthy account of King Edgar having sent "Edelwoth" to woo "Estrueth la fille Orgar" on his behalf, and Æthelwold having married her without the king´s knowledge[38]. King Edgar granted land in Buckinghamshire to "Ælfgifu que mihi afinitate mundialis cruoris coniuncta" in 966[39]. "Ælfthryth regina" subscribed charters of King Edgar dated between 964 and 974[40]. William of Malmesbury recounts that King Edgar killed Ælfthryth's first husband to enable him to marry her[41]. She was crowned with her husband in 973, apparently the first recorded instance of the coronation of a queen in England. It was alleged that she was involved in the plot to kill her stepson so her own son could succeed as king[42]. "Ælfthryth regina" subscribed charters of King Æthelred II between 979 and 983[43], and "Ælfthryth regis mater" between 981 and 999[44]. She became a nun at Wherwell Abbey, Hampshire in [985]. Her son King Æthelred II granted privileges to Wherwell Abbey in 1002 for the benefit of her soul[45].
     "m firstly [as his second wife,] ÆTHELWOLD Ealdorman of the East Angles, son of --- (-before 964). The Vita Oswaldi names Æthelwald as husband of Ælfthryth[46].
     "m secondly ([965]) as his second wife, EDGAR "the Peaceable" King of England, son of EDMUND King of Wessex & his first wife Ælfgifu --- (943-Winchester 8 Jul 975, bur Glastonbury Abbey)."
Med Lands cites:

; Per Med Lands:
     "ÆTHELWOLD (-before 964, bur Ramsey, Huntingdonshire). The Chronicon Rameseiensis names "primus Æthelwoldus, secundus Alfwoldus, tertius Athelsinus, quartus Æthelwynus" as the four sons of "Æthelstan Halfkyng, quod est semirex"[58]. The Vita Oswaldi names Æthelstan as father of Æthelwine, Ælfwald, Æthelwald and Æthelwig[59]. Florence of Worcester names him and his three brothers without naming their parents[60]. Ealdorman of East Anglia 956. "Æthelwold dux" subscribed charters of Kings Edmund, Eadwig, and Edgar dated between 940 and 961[61]. In a charter of King Æthelred II, "Æthelwold" is recorded as the previous holder of land at Wylye, Wiltshire which the king then granted to Ælfgar, minister[62], although it is not certain that this was the same person. Simeon of Durham records the marriage of King Eadgar and "the daughter of Ordgar duke of Devonshire after the death of her husband Elfwold…duke of the East Angles" in 964[63]. The Genealogia Comitis Ailwini records the death in 971 of “Ethelwoldus comes, frater Ailwini” and his burial at Ramsey[64], although this date is inconsistent with his widow´s remarriage as shown below.
     "[m firstly ---. There is no proof that Æthelwold had an earlier marriage. However, Ælfthryth must have considerably younger than her husband, who was already active in the administration of the country in 940, the earliest date when his name appears in subscription lists of charters, which makes an earlier marriage probable.]
     "m [secondly] as her first husband, ÆLFTHRYTH, daughter of Ealdorman ORDGAR of Devon (Lydford Castle, Devon ([945]-Wherwell Abbey, Hampshire [999/1002], bur Wherwell Abbey). The Vita Oswaldi names Æthelwald as husband of Ælfthryth[65]. She married secondly ([965]) as his second wife, "the Peaceable" Edgar King of England. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records the marriage in 965 of King Edgar and Ælfthryth, stating that she was the daughter of ealdorman Ordgar[66]. Simeon of Durham records the marriage of King Eadgar and "the daughter of Ordgar duke of Devonshire after the death of her husband Elfwold…duke of the East Angles" in 964[67]. Roger of Hoveden names her, her father and her first husband, when recording her second marriage[68]. Geoffrey Gaimar records a lengthy account of King Edgar having sent "Edelwoth" to woo "Estrueth la fille Orgar" on his behalf, and Æthelwold having married her without the king´s knowledge[69]. King Edgar granted land in Buckinghamshire to "Ælfgifu que mihi afinitate mundialis cruoris coniuncta" in 966[70]. "Ælfthryth regina" subscribed charters of King Edgar dated between 964 and 974[71]. William of Malmesbury recounts that King Edgar killed Ælfthryth's first husband to enable him to marry her[72]. She was crowned queen with her husband in 973, which was the first instance of the coronation of a queen in England. It was alleged that she was involved in the plot to kill her stepson so her own son could succeed as King[73]. "Ælfthryth regina" subscribed charters of King Æthelred II between 979 and 983[74], and "Ælfthryth regis mater" between 981 and 999[75]. She became a nun at Wherwell Abbey, Hampshire in [985]. Her son King Æthelred II granted privileges to Wherwell Abbey in 1002 for the benefit of her soul[76]."
Med Lands cites:

     Edmund (?) of Wessex was born circa 966.^2,3
Edmund (?) of Wessex was buried in 971 at Romsey Abbey, co. Hampshire, England.²
Edmund (?) of Wessex died in 971.^1,2,3
     Reference: Genealogics cites: Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag, Marburg, Schwennicke, Detlev (Ed.) 2:78.³

     Sigeferth (?) thane of East Anglia married Ealdgyth (Edith) (?) Queen of England, daughter of Aelfthryth (?),
;
Her 1st husband.^1,4,2,3
Sigeferth (?) thane of East Anglia died in 1015 at Oxford, Oxfordshire, England; Murdered.^5,3
     ; NB: There is disagreement concerning Aelfgifu/Elfgifu, who m. Aelfgar.
     Genealogics shows Aelfgifu/Elfgifu as the dau. of Sigeferth and Ealdgyth. Genealogics cites:
     Med Lands shows her to be the dau. of Sigeferth's brother, Morcar, by a wife named Ealdgyth , dau. of Aelfthryth. Med Lands states:
     "MORCAR (-murdered Oxford summer 1015, bur Burton). King Æthelred II granted land in Derbyshire to "Morcar minister" under a charter dated 1009[217]. With his brother, he was one of the leading thegns of the northern Danelaw. Simeon of Durham records that "Sigeferth and Morkar the sons of Earngrim" were killed in 1015 on the orders of "duke Edric Streona" and that the king took possession of their estates[218]. The Historia Fundatoris of Burton Monastery records its foundation by “Consul ac comes Merciorum dominus Wulfricus Spott regali propinquus prosapiæ” in 1004, adding that "…comite Morkero cæterisque cognatis eius" were buried there[219]. m (before [1002/04]) EALDGYTH, daughter of ÆLFTHRYTH & his wife ---. Her marriage is confirmed by the will of "Wulfric", dated to [1002/04], which bequeathes property (among other bequests) to "…minre goddehter Morkares & Aldgythe…land æt Strættune"[220]. The primary source which confirms her parentage has not yet been identified. Morcar & his wife had [two] children:
Med Lands cites:
Conclusion: For the moment, I have chosen to follow the lineage in Genealogics, whil I examine the issue. GA Vaut.^6,3,7

; This is the same person as ”Sigeferth (died 1015)” at Wikipedia.⁵ GAV-28.

Reference: Genealogics cites: Burke's Guide to the Royal Family London, 1973 , Reference: 190.²

; Per Med Lands:
     "SIGEFERTH (-murdered Oxford summer 1015). Simeon of Durham records that "Sigeferth and Morkar the sons of Earngrim" were killed in 1015 on the orders of "duke Edric Streona" and that the king took possession of their estates[213]. Ætheling Æthelstan, under his will dated [1014], made a bequest to "Sigeferth, an estate at Hockliffe"[214]. With his brother, he was one of the leading thegns of the northern Danelaw. He was murdered on the orders of Eadric "Streona/the Acquisitor" Ealdorman of Mercia[215].
     "m as her first husband, ÆLDGYTH, daughter of ---. After her husband was killed, she was arrested, but abducted against the wishes of King Æthelred II by his son Edmund, later Edmund "Ironsides" King of England, whom she married as her second husband. Simeon of Durham records that Edmund married "Algitha widow of Sigeferth" in 1015[216]."
Med Lands cites:

     Thurcytel (?) Chancellor was born circa 907.²
Thurcytel (?) Chancellor died on 12 July 975 at Croyland Abbey, Lincolnshire, England.^1,2
Thurcytel (?) Chancellor was buried after 12 July 975 at Croyland Abbey, Lincolnshire, England.²
     He was Abbot of Croyland Abbey at Croyland Abbey, Lincolnshire, England.²

     Elfwine (?) died in 937 at Brunanburgh, England; killed in battle at Brunanburgh autumn 937.^1,2
Elfwine (?) was buried in 937 at Malmesbury Abbey, Wiltshire, England.²

     Athelwine (?) died in 937 at Brunanburgh, England; killed in battle at Brunanburgh autumn 937.^1,2
Athelwine (?) was buried in 937 at Malmesbury Abbey, Wiltshire, England.²

     GAV-28.

Reference: Genealogics cites: The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle London, 1997. , Michael Swanton, editor, Reference: trees.¹

     Alfhelm (?) Ealdorman of Northampton died in 1006.¹

      ; "...raised on the continent and later became a monk."¹

     Thyra Svenssdotter (?) was born circa 993.³ She married Godwine (?) Earl of Wessex, son of Wulfnoth Cild (?) Thegn in Sussex,
;
His 1st wife?
NB: Of the main sources I use, only Genealogy.EU and Ashley mention a marriage of Godwin to Thyra Svenssdotter. Therefore I doubt it. GA Vaut.^1,3,4,5
Thyra Svenssdotter (?) died in 1018.³
      ; Per Genealogy.EU (Wessex): “A1. Godwine, Earl of Wessex and Kent (1020-53), *ca 987, +of apoplexy at Winchester Castle 15.4.1053, bur Winchester Cathedral; 1m: Thyra of Denmark (*ca 993, +1018); 2m: Gytha (*ca 1000, +after VI.1069), dau.of Thorgils Sprakalegg; all issue by 2m.”.⁶

; Per Genealogy.EU (Denmark 1): “C5. Thyra Svenssdotter, *ca 993, +1018; m.Earl Godwine of Wessex and Kent (+15.4.1053)”.²

     Gunhilda (?) married Harald I "Blåtand/Bluetooth" Gormsson (?) King of Denmark, son of Gorm "den Gamle/the Old" Haraldsson (?) King of Denmark and Thyra "Danebod" (?) of Jutland, Queen of Denmark,
;
His 1st wife.^3,4,2,5
      ; Per Genealogy.EU (Denmark 1): “A2. Harald "Bluetooth-Blaatand", King of Denmark and Norway (970-991), *ca 910, +before 988/991; 1m: Gunhild N; 2m: Tove (possibly a dau.of Pr Mistiwoj of the Wends)”.⁶

; Per Med Lands:
     "HARALD Gormsen, son of GORM "den Gamle/the Old" King of Denmark & his wife Tyre "Danebod" ([925/35]-Jomsborg 1 Dec [986/87], bur Roskilde Cathedral[154]). Adam of Bremen records that "filium autem regis [=Worm] Haroldum" succeeded as ruler in Denmark[155]. Saxo Grammaticus names Harald as son of Tyre[156]. The Chronicon Roskildense names "Gorm pater Haraldi", specifying that "Haraldus" reigned for 15 years during the life of his father and 50 years after his father died, and was known as "Blatan sive Clac Harald", on the other hand a later passage specifies that Harald succeeded his father Gorm[157]. He succeeded his father before 950 as HARALD I "Blåtand/Bluetooth" King of Denmark. Snorre records that "King Harald Gormson" ruled in Denmark when the sons of King Eirik " Blodøks" sought refuge there in [955][158]. According to Snorre, he invaded Norway in 965 after the death of King Harald II, supported by Jarl Haakon Sigurdson, Harald Gudrodson "Grenske" and other Norwegian exiles[159]. He effectively made himself ruler of Norway, but returned to Denmark after leaving Jarl Haakon in Norway as his regent[160]. Emperor Otto invaded Jutland and defeated King Harald, who took refuge at Limafjord on the island of Marsey where he was converted to Christianity by Bishop Poppo after agreeing a truce with the emperor[161]. Adam of Bremen records that King Harald submitted to Emperor Otto and was baptised "cum uxore Gunhild et filio parvulo"[162]. Adam of Bremen names "Suein Otto, filius magni Haroldi regis Danorum" when recording that he deposed and expelled his father who fled to "civitatem Sclavorum quæ Iumne dicitur" where King Harald died from his wounds. Adam specifies that his body was repatriated to Roskilde for burial in the church of the Holy Trinity which he had built, that King Harald had ruled for 50 years and that he died "in festivitate omnium sanctorum"[163]. His son Svend rebelled against him and forced his father to flee to Jomsburg (now Wolin) where he died from wounds received while counter-attacking his son's forces[164]. Guillaume of Jumièges records that “Aigroldus rex Danorum” was expelled from his kingdom by "filio suo...Sveno" and was received in Normandy by “dux” [Guillaume Comte de Normandie] who granted him “Constantiensem comitatum”[165], although this is evidently anachronistic as Duke Guillaume died in 942. Guillaume of Jumièges records that Louis IV King of the West Franks, after the death of Richard´s father, marched on Rouen, was received by “Rodulphus et Bernardus atque Anslech totius Normannici ducatus tutores”, and captured Richard, who was taken to Laon but was freed by “Osmundus...consilio cum Yvone patre Willelmi de Belismo” and taken to “Silvanectis” where “Bernardus...comes” protected “nepotem suum Richardum”[166], a passage dated to [945] from the context. According to King Olav Trygvason's Saga, King Harald defeated his son but died from wounds received in the battle[167]. Modern-day "Bluetooth" computer technology was named after King Harald, his union of Denmark and Norway being considered by the inventors, for some reason, as analogous with the wire-free linking of computer devices[168].
     "m firstly ([before 960]) GUNHILD, daughter of ---. Adam of Bremen names Gunhild as wife of King Harald when recording that the couple were baptised with their small son[169]. 965.
     "m secondly TOVE, daughter of [MSTIVOJ] & his wife --- (-[990]). Her marriage and parentage are confirmed by a Runic stone at Sönder Vissing, Denmark which records that "Tufa let gera [make] kuml [monument], Mistiuis do´tter,ept [daughter] Mo´thur [mother] sina.Kona [queen] Haralds hins Goda,Gorms sonar"[170]. According to Europäische Stammtafeln[171] she was Tove, daughter of Mstivoj the Wendish prince. The name of Tove´s father, "Mistiuis", on the Runic stone bears some similarity to Mstivoj. However, one difficulty is the apparent chronological discrepancy. The only other reference to Mstivoj is dated to 1000 (see MECKLENBURG) and gives no idea about his age at the time. Nor is there any indication of the date of Tove´s marriage, although it appears unlikely that she married much later than 980 considering the date her husband died. This would place her birth in [960] which, in turn, would mean that Mstivoj would have been over 60 years old when he is mentioned in 1000. This is not impossible, but it seems a little surprising. Another possibility is that she was Tove of Poland, daughter of Mieszko I Prince of Poland. The name "Mieszko" is just as similar to "Mistiuis" as "Mstivoj". This would place her birth after 966, later than suggested above, assuming that she was Mieszko´s daughter by his wife Dobrava of Bohemia. If this hypothesis is correct, Tove could have been the sister of the first wife of King Harald´s son, King Svend, implying a father/son double marriage with two sisters. This would place King Svend´s marriage rather earlier than the date suggested below, but the idea is not impossible.
     "[m [thirdly] ([984/85]) GYRITHA of Sweden, sister of STYRBJÖRN "den Starke/the Strong" King of Sweden, daughter of ---. This marriage is only referred to by Saxo Grammaticus, who says that King Styrbjörn had sought help from King Harald after being deposed as king of Sweden by his cousin and granted Harald his sister in marriage[172].]
     "King Harald I had six children, maybe all by his first wife although this is not certain:
Med Lands cites:

Reference: Genealogics cites: Gorms des Alten, 1978 , Brenner, S. Otto. nr. 3.² EDV-31. Gunhilda (?) was living in 965.²

     Sweyn/Swein (?) Earl of Mercia was born circa 1023.²
Sweyn/Swein (?) Earl of Mercia died on 29 September 1052 at Lycia near Constantinople, Byzantium; died in exile.^1,2
      ; Sweyn, Earl of Mercia (1043-52), *ca 1023, +in exile at Lycia nr Constantinople 29.9.1052; he had ... illegitimate issue by Edgiva, Abbess of Leonminster.² He was Earl of Mercia between 1043 and 1052.²

     Gyrth (?) Earl of East Anglia was born circa 1028.²
Gyrth (?) Earl of East Anglia died on 14 October 1066 at Battle of Hastings, Hastings, co. Sussex, England.^1,2
     He was Earl of East Anglia between 1057 and 1066.²

     Leofwine (?) Earl of Kent, Surrey, Middlesex, Herfordshire and Buckinghamshire was born circa 1030.²
Leofwine (?) Earl of Kent, Surrey, Middlesex, Herfordshire and Buckinghamshire died on 14 October 1066 at Battle of Hastings, Hastings, co. Sussex, England.^1,2
     He was Earl of Kent, Surrey, Middlesex, Herfordshire and Buckinghamshire between 1057 and 1066.²

     Wulfnoth (?) died in 1094; Wessex page says d. "after 1087 in Normandy or in Salisbury, Wiltshire."^1,2

     Elgiva (?) died in 1066.^1,2

     Gunhilda (?) died in 1087.¹
Gunhilda (?) died on 24 August 1087 at Brugges, Flanders, Belgium (now).²
     She was a nun at Brugges, Flanders, Belgium (now).²

     Jarl Sweyn/Sven Hakonsson (?) Ladejarl of Norway married Holmfried Eriksdotter (?), daughter of Erik VIII 'Segersäll/the Victorious' (?) King of Sweden and Gunhilda/Swietoslawa/Sygrida (?) of Poland.²

Jarl Sweyn/Sven Hakonsson (?) Ladejarl of Norway died in 1016.^2,3

     Godwin (?) was born before 1066.¹
Godwin (?) died after 1072.¹

     Edmund (?) was born before 1066.¹
Edmund (?) died after 1069.¹

     Magnus (?) died in 1068.¹

     Ulf (?) died after 1087 at Normandy, France (now); died in exile.^1,2

     Gunhilda (?) of Wessex married Alain 'the Red' (?) Comte de Bretagne, Lord of Richmond, son of Eudes I (?) de Bretagne, Cte de Penthièvre, Co-Regent of Brittany and Orguen/Agnès (?) de Cornouaille,
; She may have been his concubine and not his wife. See Wikipedia artcile for more information.^8,9 Gunhilda (?) of Wessex was born circa 1055.³
Gunhilda (?) of Wessex died after 1094; Ashley says d. aft 1094; Med Lands says d. aft 1093.^1,4
      ; Per Genealogics: "Gunnhild was the younger daughter of Harold of Wessex and his mistress Eadgyth Swannesha. Her father was elected king of England and crowned on 5 January 1066. However after the Battle of Hastings, Gunnhild took refuge in Wilton abbey and, according to Archbishop Anselm, later on was the wife or concubine of Alan, count of Brittany, lord of Richmond. That Gunnhild married and had a daughter, at the moment, is only conjecture. Sadly, proof may never be found."³

Reference: Genealogics cites:

; Per Med Lands:
     "GUNHILD (-after 1093). The primary source which confirms her parentage has not yet been identified. Nun at Wilton Abbey. She was abducted from the abbey by Alain "Rufus/the Red" Lord of Richmond. She lived with him until he died, subsequently living with his brother and successor Alain "Niger/the Black"[2101]. Mistress (1) of: ALAN "Rufus/the Red" Lord of Richmond, son of EUDES de Bretagne Comte de Penthièvre & his wife Orguen [Agnes] de Cornouaïlle (-4 Aug 1093, bur Bury St Edmunds).
     "Mistress (2) of: ALAN "Niger/the Black" Lord of Richmond, [illegitimate] son of EUDES de Bretagne Comte de Penthièvre & his [mistress ---] (-1098[2102]). "