Person Page - 1610

     Gaston VII de Montcada 19th Vicomte de Béarn, vte de Brulhois was born before 1229.⁴ He married Mathe Matilde/Amata de Mastas Comtesse de Bigorre, daughter of Bozon I de Matha Comte de Bigorre, seigneur of Cognac and Petronille de Comminges Cts de Bigorre, Vctse de Marsan, circa 1240.^6,3,7,4

Gaston VII de Montcada 19th Vicomte de Béarn, vte de Brulhois died on 26 April 1290.⁴
      ; Leo van de Pas cites: Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag Marburg., Detlev Schwennicke, Editor, Reference: II 71.³ He was Count of Béarn.¹

     Infante dona Teresa/Mafalda (?) de Portugal, sna de Montemayor, el Viejo e Ourem was born in 1157.^7,3,4 She married Philippe I (?) Count of Flanders, Cte de Vermandois, Regent of France, son of Thierry III d'Alsace (?) comte de Flandres and Sibilla/Sibyl/Sibylle (?) d'Anjou, Countess of Flanders, in August 1183
;
His 2nd wife, her 1st husband.^1,2,8,3,9 Infante dona Teresa/Mafalda (?) de Portugal, sna de Montemayor, el Viejo e Ourem married Eudes III (?) Duc de Bourgogne, son of Hugues III (?) Duc de Bourgogne and Alix/Adelaide (?) de Lorraine, in February 1194
;
His 1st wife. Louda & Maclagan (Table 16) says m. 1193.^{2,7,3,4,10,11} Infante dona Teresa/Mafalda (?) de Portugal, sna de Montemayor, el Viejo e Ourem and Eudes III (?) Duc de Bourgogne were divorced in 1195; Per Med Lands: "divorced on grounds of consanguinity 1195."^{2,7,3,9,4,10,11}
Infante dona Teresa/Mafalda (?) de Portugal, sna de Montemayor, el Viejo e Ourem died on 16 May 1218; Per Med Lands: "drowned off Furnes, Flanders 6 May 1218."^2,7,3,9,4
Infante dona Teresa/Mafalda (?) de Portugal, sna de Montemayor, el Viejo e Ourem was buried after 16 May 1218 at Abbaye de Clairvaux, Clairvaux, Departement de l'Aube, Champagne-Ardenne, France; From Find A Grave:
     BIRTH     1157
     DEATH     6 May 1218 (aged 60–61)
     Royalty. Born the daughter of Alfonso I King of Portugal and Mathilde de Savoie. She was known as Teresa from birth but later used the name Mafalda. She is also listed as Mathilde. After the death of her first husband she remarried to Eudes de Bourgogne but was divorced from him after only two years of marriage on grounds of consanguinity.
     Family Members
     Parents
          Afonso Henriques I 1110–1185
          Mafalda de Saboia 1125–1157
     Spouses
          Philippe I de Flandre 1136–1191
          Eudes III de Bourgogne 1166–1218
     Siblings
          Urraca Of Portugal 1151–1188
          Sancho I 1154–1212
     BURIAL     Abbaye de Clairvaux, Clairvaux, Departement de l'Aube, Champagne-Ardenne, France
     Created by: Lutetia
     Added: 20 Jan 2013
     Find A Grave Memorial 103825744.^3,12
     Reference: Genealogics cites: Encyclopedie Genealogique des Maisons Souveraines du Monde, Paris, VIII 1963,IX 1964,XII 1966, Sirjean, Docteur Gaston. 18.⁹ Infante dona Teresa/Mafalda (?) de Portugal, sna de Montemayor, el Viejo e Ourem was also known as Infante dona Mahaud (?) de Portugal.^9,4

; Per Med Lands:
     "Infanta dona TERESA de Portugal ([1157]-drowned off Furnes, Flanders 6 May 1218, bur Abbaye de Clairvaux, Jura). The De Rebus Hispaniæ of Rodericus Ximenes names "Sancium et Urracam…et aliam filiam…Tarasia" as the children of "Aldefonsum" & his wife, specifying that Teresa married "Philippo Comiti Flandriæ et Hannoniæ" and died childless[81]. The Chronicon Lusitanum records that “D. Tarasiam” daughter of “Rex Donnus Alfonsus” and his wife “Donnam Matildam, Comitis Amadæi de Moriana filiam” married “Consuli Flandrensium D”[82]. Known as TERESA from birth, she adopted the name MAFALDA in [1173/74] after the death of her older sister of that name, and was later known as MATHILDE. Senhora de Montemayor el Viejo e Ourem. The Flandria Generosa specifies that on her (first) marriage she was given "Insulam et Duacum et plures…villas…iacentes, Caslethuin, Watenes, Bergas, Burburgium, totamque maritimmam regionem"[83]. The Flandria Generosa names "Mathildis regine Portusequalis" as wife of Count Philippe, specifying that she arranged the repatriation of her husband's body to "Claramvallem"[84]. After the death of her husband, she received her widow's portion in southern and coastal Flanders but increased taxes so much that she provoked rebellions at Veurne [Furnes] and the castellany of Bourbourg[85]. A charter dated 1195 records an agreement between the French king and "M. regina comitissa Flandrie" which records that the latter promised not to remarry after separating from "Odone duce Burgundie"[86]. The Flandria Generosa records that she was "amita" of "Fernando filio regis Portusequalis" and instrumental in arranging his marriage to her first husband's great-niece Jeanne Ctss of Flanders[87]. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines records the death in 1218 of "comitissa vetus de Flandria relicta comitis Philippi" and her burial next to her husband at Clairvaux[88]. She died when her carriage accidentally fell into a marsh near Furnes[89].
     "m firstly (Aug 1183) as his second wife, PHILIPPE Count of Flanders, son of THIERRY I Count of Flanders & his second wife Sibylle d'Anjou (-Acre 1 Jul 1191, bur Abbaye de Clairvaux, Jura).
     "m secondly (1193, divorced on grounds of consanguinity 1195) as his first wife, EUDES III Duke of Burgundy, son of HUGUES III Duke of Burgundy & his first wife Alix de Lorraine (1166-Lyon 6 Jul 1218, bur Abbaye de Cîteaux)."
Med Lands cites:

; Per Genealogy.EU (Capet 47): “B7. Teresa=Mafalda, sna de Montemayor, el Viejo e Ourem, *1157, +drowned nr Furnes 16.5.1218, bur Clairvaux; 1m: 1183/4 Philippe de Lorraine, Ct of Flanders and Vermandois (+1191); 2m: 1194 (div 1195) Duc Eudes III de Bourgogne”.¹³

; Per Genealogy.EU (Capet 9): “F1. [1m.] Duc Eudes III de Bourgogne (1192-1218), *1166, +Lyon 6.7.1218, bur Citeaux; 1m: 1194 (div 1195) Matilda=Teresa of Portugal (*1157 +16.5.1218); 2m: 1199 Alix de Vergy (*1182, +Prenois-en-Montage 8.3.1252, bur Citeaux) dau.of Hugues de Vergy; all his children were by 2m.”.⁷

; Per Med Lands:
     "EUDES de Bourgogne, son of HUGUES III Duke of Burgundy & his first wife Alix de Lorraine (1166-Lyon 15 Jun or 6 Jul 1218, bur Abbaye de Cîteaux). "Hugo dux Burgundie…Aeliz ducissa Burgundie cum Odone filio meo" donated property to Cîteaux by charter dated 1171[380]. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "Odonem et Alexandrum" as sons of "dux" by his first wife "Aaliz"[381]. "Hugo Burgundie dux et Albonii comes" donated property to the Templars at Beaune, with the support of "Beatricis uxoris mee et…filiorum meorum Odonis, Alexandri et Dalphini", by charter dated Dec 1188[382]. "Hugo…dux Burgundiæ et Albonii comes" confirmed "[cum] assensu filiorum meorum Oddonis et Alexandri" the concession to Cluny by "consanguineæ meæ Matildi comitissæ Tornodori" by charter dated 1186[383]. He governed Burgundy during his father's absence on Crusade from Jun 1190. “Odo filius Hugonis ducis Burgundie” granted privileges to the abbey of Autun Saint-Martin by charter dated 1191[384]. He succeeded his father in 1192 as EUDES III Duke of Burgundy. He acquired the powerful fortress of Vergy by his second marriage in 1199. He renounced any rights over the duchy of Lorraine in 1203. He commanded a division at the battle of Bouvines in 1213. The Annales S. Benigni Divisionensis record the death in 1218 of "Oddo dux Burgundie cruce signatus…filius ducisse Lotoringie"[385]. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines records the death in 1218 of "dux Odo Burgundie" and his burial "apud Cistercium"[386]. The 13th century obituary of the Eglise primatiale de Lyon records the death "II Non Jul" of "Odo dux Burgundie canonicus huius ecclesie qui dedit Sancto Stephano calicem argenteum deauratum et vestimentum sacerdotale…"[387]. The necrology of Molesme records the death "XVII Kal Jul" of "Odo dux Burgundie"[388]. He died on his way to rejoin the Crusades[389].
     "m firstly (Feb 1194, divorced on grounds of consanguinity 1195) as her second husband, Infanta dona MAFALDA de Portugal Ctss of Flanders, widow of PHILIPPE Count of Flanders, daughter of dom AFONSO I King of Portugal & his wife Mathilde [Mafalda] de Savoie (1157-drowned off Furnes, West Flanders 16 May 1218, bur Abbaye de Clairvaux, Jura). The Flandria Generosa specifies that on her (first) marriage she was given "Insulam et Duacum et plures…villas…iacentes, Caslethuin, Watenes, Bergas, Burburgium, totamque maritimmam regionem"[390]. The Flandria Generosa names "Mathildis regine Portusequalis" as wife of Count Philippe, specifying that she arranged the repatriation of her husband's body to "Claramvallem"[391]. After the death of her first husband, she received her widow's portion in southern and coastal Flanders but increased taxes so much that she provoked rebellions at Veurne [Furnes] and the castellany of Bourbourg[392]. A charter dated 1195 records an agreement between the French king and "M. regina comitissa Flandrie" which records that the latter promised not to remarry after separating from "Odone duce Burgundie"[393]. The Flandria Generosa records that she was "amita" of "Fernando filio regis Portusequalis" and instrumental in arranging his marriage to her first husband's great-niece Jeanne Ctss of Flanders[394]. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines records the death in 1218 of "comitissa vetus de Flandria relicta comitis Philippi" and her burial next to her husband at Clairvaux[395]. She died when her carriage accidentally fell into a marsh near Furnes[396].
     "m secondly (Summer 1199) ALIX de Vergy, daughter of HUGUES Seigneur de Vergy & his wife Gisle de Trainel (1182-Prenois-en-Montagne 15 Feb or 8 Mar 1251, bur Abbaye de Cîteaux). A charter dated 1197 records that "Huo dominus Virgeii" donated property to the Templars, with the consent of "domina Gilla uxor dicti Huonis, Guillermus, Huo filii sui, Alais et Nicholeta filie sue"[397]. "Odo dux Burgundie" confirmed the donation by "domina Egidia, mater Alaidis uxoris mee ducisse Burgundie" to Colunge by charter dated Apr 1213[398]. Her origin is further deduced from the necrology of Cîteaux which records the death "XVI Kal Jan" of "Hugo Vergiaci pater ducissa"[399]. Her parentage is further confirmed by a charter dated 1 Sep 1236 in which “Hugo dux Burgundie” names “matrem meam et Guillermum de Vergeio, avunculum meum”[400]. She governed Burgundy on the death of her husband for her son until his majority in 1231. The necrology of Cîteaux records the death "XV Kal Mar" of "Alix ducissa Burgundie"[401]. The necrology of Autun Saint-Martin records the death “II Kal Mar” of “Aalis de Vergy, uxor Odonis ducis Burg., mater Hugonis ducis”[402]. An epitaph at Cîteaux records the burial of “Aalis de Bourgongne” who died 1266[403]. Duchesne identifies her as an otherwise unrecorded daughter of Duke Eudes III[404], but it seems more likely that the epitaph refers to Alix de Vergy and was misdated. "
Med Lands cites:

     Philippe I (?) Count of Flanders, Cte de Vermandois, Regent of France was born circa 1143.³ He married Isabelle de Vermandois, daughter of Raoul I "le Vaillant" de Vermandois Cmte de Vermandois et de Valois, seneschal of France and Aelis Petronelle (?) d'Aquitaine, in 1158
; Genealogy.EU (Capet 8 page) say m. 1159; his 1st wife.^3,8 Philippe I (?) Count of Flanders, Cte de Vermandois, Regent of France married Infante dona Teresa/Mafalda (?) de Portugal, sna de Montemayor, el Viejo e Ourem, daughter of Afonso I Henriques 'o Conquistador' (?) King of Portugal and Matilde (Mafalda, Maud) (?) Countess of Savoy, Queen of Portugal, in August 1183
;
His 2nd wife, her 1st husband.^1,2,3,9,10
Philippe I (?) Count of Flanders, Cte de Vermandois, Regent of France died on 1 July 1191 at Acre, HaTzafon (Northern District), Palestine (Israel now).^2,3
      ; Per Med Lands:
     "Infanta dona TERESA de Portugal ([1157]-drowned off Furnes, Flanders 6 May 1218, bur Abbaye de Clairvaux, Jura). The De Rebus Hispaniæ of Rodericus Ximenes names "Sancium et Urracam…et aliam filiam…Tarasia" as the children of "Aldefonsum" & his wife, specifying that Teresa married "Philippo Comiti Flandriæ et Hannoniæ" and died childless[81]. The Chronicon Lusitanum records that “D. Tarasiam” daughter of “Rex Donnus Alfonsus” and his wife “Donnam Matildam, Comitis Amadæi de Moriana filiam” married “Consuli Flandrensium D”[82]. Known as TERESA from birth, she adopted the name MAFALDA in [1173/74] after the death of her older sister of that name, and was later known as MATHILDE. Senhora de Montemayor el Viejo e Ourem. The Flandria Generosa specifies that on her (first) marriage she was given "Insulam et Duacum et plures…villas…iacentes, Caslethuin, Watenes, Bergas, Burburgium, totamque maritimmam regionem"[83]. The Flandria Generosa names "Mathildis regine Portusequalis" as wife of Count Philippe, specifying that she arranged the repatriation of her husband's body to "Claramvallem"[84]. After the death of her husband, she received her widow's portion in southern and coastal Flanders but increased taxes so much that she provoked rebellions at Veurne [Furnes] and the castellany of Bourbourg[85]. A charter dated 1195 records an agreement between the French king and "M. regina comitissa Flandrie" which records that the latter promised not to remarry after separating from "Odone duce Burgundie"[86]. The Flandria Generosa records that she was "amita" of "Fernando filio regis Portusequalis" and instrumental in arranging his marriage to her first husband's great-niece Jeanne Ctss of Flanders[87]. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines records the death in 1218 of "comitissa vetus de Flandria relicta comitis Philippi" and her burial next to her husband at Clairvaux[88]. She died when her carriage accidentally fell into a marsh near Furnes[89].
     "m firstly (Aug 1183) as his second wife, PHILIPPE Count of Flanders, son of THIERRY I Count of Flanders & his second wife Sibylle d'Anjou (-Acre 1 Jul 1191, bur Abbaye de Clairvaux, Jura).
     "m secondly (1193, divorced on grounds of consanguinity 1195) as his first wife, EUDES III Duke of Burgundy, son of HUGUES III Duke of Burgundy & his first wife Alix de Lorraine (1166-Lyon 6 Jul 1218, bur Abbaye de Cîteaux)."
Med Lands cites:

; Per Genealogy.EU (Capet 47): “B7. Teresa=Mafalda, sna de Montemayor, el Viejo e Ourem, *1157, +drowned nr Furnes 16.5.1218, bur Clairvaux; 1m: 1183/4 Philippe de Lorraine, Ct of Flanders and Vermandois (+1191); 2m: 1194 (div 1195) Duc Eudes III de Bourgogne”.¹²

; Ct Philip of Flanders (1168-91), Cte de Vermandois, Regent of France, *ca 1143, +at Acre 1.7.1191; 1m: 1159 Cts Mabile de Vermandois et de Valois (+28.3.1183); 2m: VIII.1183 Matilda=Theresa of Portugal (*1157 +6.5.1218.)³ He was Count of Flanders between 1168 and 1191.³

     Sancho I Martino "the Popular" (?) King of Portugal was born on 11 December 1154 at Coimbra, Portugal.^8,2,4 He married Dulce/Dulcia (?) of Aragon, daughter of Ramon/Raimund IV Berenguer "the Saint" (?) Count of Barcelona and Infanta doña Petronilla I Ramirez Queen of Aragon, in 1175
; Louda & Maclagan (Table 92) says m. 1175.^1,8,2,9,4
Sancho I Martino "the Popular" (?) King of Portugal died on 26 March 1212 at Coimbra, Portugal, at age 57; Louda & Maclagan (Table 92) says d. ca 1211.^1,8,2,4
Sancho I Martino "the Popular" (?) King of Portugal was buried after 26 March 1212 at Coimbra, Portugal.⁴
     Sancho I Martino "the Popular" (?) King of Portugal was also known as Infante dom Sancho Martino (?) de Portugal.⁶ He was King of Portugal - SANCHO I, the son of Afonso Henriques. His reign was noteworthy for the development of towns and for the establishment of military orders of knighthood. Sancho did much to settle colonists on the lands that were won back in the prolonged wars against the Moors. between 1185 and 1211.^1,2,3

     Dulce/Dulcia (?) of Aragon was born in 1159.⁴ She married Sancho I Martino "the Popular" (?) King of Portugal, son of Afonso I Henriques 'o Conquistador' (?) King of Portugal and Matilde (Mafalda, Maud) (?) Countess of Savoy, Queen of Portugal, in 1175
; Louda & Maclagan (Table 92) says m. 1175.^1,2,3,4,7
Dulce/Dulcia (?) of Aragon died on 1 September 1198 at Coimbra, Portugal.^2,3,4
Dulce/Dulcia (?) of Aragon was buried after 1 September 1198 at Coimbra, Portugal.⁴

     Afonso II "o Gordo" (?) King of Portugal was born on 23 April 1185 at Coimbra, Coimbra Muicipality, Coimbra, Portugal (now); Leo van de Pas says b. 23 Apr 1185.^7,3,4,5 He married Doña Urraca (?) Infanta de Castilla, daughter of Alfonso VIII "El Noble" Sanchez (?) King of Castile & Leon and Leonor (Eleanor) Pantagenet of England, Queen of Castile, in 1206.^{1,7,3,8,9,4,5,6,10}

Afonso II "o Gordo" (?) King of Portugal died on 25 March 1223 at Coimbra, Coimbra Muicipality, Coimbra, Portugal (now), at age 37.^1,7,3,4,5
Afonso II "o Gordo" (?) King of Portugal was buried after 25 March 1223 at Mosterio de Santa Maria, Alcobaca, Alcobaça Municipality, Leiria, Portugal; From Find A Grave:
     BIRTH     23 Apr 1185, Coimbra, Coimbra Municipality, Coimbra, Portugal
     DEATH     25 Mar 1233 (aged 47), Coimbra, Coimbra Municipality, Coimbra, Portugal
     King of Portugal 1212-1233. He was the son of king Sancho I and his queen Dulce Berenguer of Barcelons, princess of Aragon.
Afonso II was married to Urraca of Castile (1186-1220). The couple had 5 children, among whom were the kings Sancho II and Afonso III of Portugal and queen Leonor of Denmark (1211-1231), married to king Valdemar III of Denmark.
     Family Members
     Parents
          Sancho I 1154–1212
          Dulce of Aragon 1160–1198
     Spouse
          Urraca Of Castile 1187–1220
     Siblings
          Teresa of Portugal 1176–1250
          Sancha of Portugal 1178–1229
          Constanza of Portugal 1182–1202
          Pedro of Portugal 1187–1258
          Fernando of Portugal 1188–1233
          Henrique of Portugal 1189–1189
          Berengaria of Portugal 1191–1221
          Branca of Portugal 1196–1240
          Santa Mafalda 1197–1257
     Children
          Alfonso III 1210–1279
          Eleanor of Portugal 1211–1231
     BURIAL     Mosterio de Santa Maria, Alcobaca, Alcobaça Municipality, Leiria, Portugal
     Created by: Benny Chordt Hansen
     Added: 30 Oct 2004
     Find a Grave Memorial 9728550.^3,11
     Reference: Genealogics cites:

; Per Genealogics:
     "Afonso, known as 'the Fat', was born in Coimbra on 23 April 1185, the second but eldest surviving son of Sancho I 'o Povoador', king of Portugal, and Dulce of Barcelona, princess of Aragón. About 1206 Afonso married Urraca of Castile; they had five children of whom three would have progeny: their second son Afonso III and his younger siblings Eleanora and Fernando.
     "Afonso succeeded his father in 1211. As king, Afonso II set a different approach to government. Hitherto, his father Sancho I and his grandfather Afonso I were mostly concerned with military issues, either against neighbouring Castile or against the Moors in the south. Afonso did not pursue territory enlargement and managed to ensure peace with Castile during his reign. Despite this, some towns, like Alcácer do Sal in 1217, were conquered from the Moors through the initiative of individual nobles. This should not be seen as reflecting on Afonso's strength or courage as a ruler. The first years of his reign were marked by internal disturbances between Afonso and his brothers and sisters. The king managed to keep security within Portuguese borders only by outlawing and exiling his kin.
     "Since military issues were not a government priority, Afonso established the state's administration and centralised power on himself. He designed the first set of Portuguese written laws. These were mainly concerned with private property, civil justice, and minting. Afonso also sent ambassadors to European kingdoms outside the Iberian Peninsula and began amiable commercial relations with most of them.
     "Other reforms included the perennially delicate matters with the pope. In order to get the independence of Portugal recognised by the popes, his grandfather Afonso I had to legislate an enormous amount of privileges to the Church. These eventually created a state within the state. With Portugal's position as a country firmly established, Afonso II endeavoured to weaken the power of the clergy and to apply a portion of the enormous revenues of the Church to purposes of national utility. These actions led to a serious diplomatic conflict between the pope and Portugal. After being excommunicated for his audacity by Pope Honorius III, Afonso II promised to make amends to the Church. However he died on 25 March 1223 in Coimbra, before making any serious attempts to do so."¹³

; Per Med Lands:
     "Infante dom AFONSO de Portugal, son of SANCHO I "o Poblador" King of Portugal & his wife Infanta doña Dulcia de Aragón (Coimbra 23 Apr 1185-Coimbra 25 Mar 1223, bur Cistercian monastery of Santa Maria de Alcobaça). The Nobiliario of Pedro Conde de Barcelos names "D. Alonso Sanchez, El Infante D. Pedro, El Infante D. Fernando Conde de Flandes, El Infante D. Enrique" as the sons of "D. Sancho Rey de Portugal" and his wife "D. Aldonça"[203]. The Chronicon Conimbricensi records the birth “in die Sancti Georgii” in 1186 of “Rex Alfonsus filius Regis Sancii et Reginæ Dñæ Dulciæ”[204]. The De Rebus Hispaniæ of Rodericus Ximenes names "Aldefonsum" as the son of "Sancius" & his wife, specifying that he succeeded his father[205]. The testament of “Sancius...Portugaliæ Rex”, dated Oct 1209, appointed “filius meus Rex Donnus Alphonsus” as his heir[206]. He succeeded his father in 1212 as AFONSO II "o Gordo" King of Portugal and the Algarve. “Alphonsus filius regis D. Sancii et Reginæ D. Dulciæ et nepos regis D. Alphonsi...cum uxore mea regina D. Urraca et filio meo Infante D. Sancio” donated “loco illo...Avis” to its monks by charter dated 1 Jul “Era 1249” [probably misdated][207]. “Alphonsus...Portugaliæ Rex...cum uxore mea Regina D. Urraca et filliis meis Infantibus Dono Sancio et Dono Alphonso et Dona Eleonor” granted property “in Ansede” to “Gunsalvo Gomes homini meo” by charter dated Jun 1217[208]. The testament of “Alphonsus...Portug. Rex”, dated Nov 1221, appointed “filius meus Infans D. Sancius quem habeo de Regina D. Urraca” as his heir, default to “maior filius quem cunq habuero de Regina D. Urraca...filia mea Infans D. Lianor, quam de ipsa Regina habeo”[209]. He achieved the first systematic compilation of Portuguese law. The Breve Chronicon Alcobacense records that "Alfonsus" was buried "Alcobacie cum uxore sua domna Urraca filia regis Castelle domni Alfonsi"[210]. The De Rebus Hispaniæ of Rodericus Ximenes records that "Aldefonsus" was buried "in Monasterio Alcobatiæ"[211].
     "m (1206) Infanta doña URRACA de Castilla, daughter of ALFONSO VIII "el Noble" King of Castile & his wife Eleanor of England ([1186/28 May 1187]-Coimbra 3 Nov 1220, bur Cistercian monastery of Santa María de Alcobaça). The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "Henricum qui iuvenis obiit et quinque sorores, prima Berengaria…secunda Urraca, tertia regina Francie, quarta Alienor, quinta Constantia monialis" as children of "sorore regis Anglie Richardi…Alienor…soror ex alio patre comitisse Marie Campaniensis", specifying that Urraca was "regina Portugalie"[212]. The De Rebus Hispaniæ of Rodericus Ximenes records that "Aldefonsum", son of "Sancius" & his wife, married "Urracam filiam Regis Castellæ…Aldefonsi"[213]. “Alphonsus filius regis D. Sancii et Reginæ D. Dulciæ et nepos regis D. Alphonsi...cum uxore mea regina D. Urraca et filio meo Infante D. Sancio” donated “loco illo...Avis” to its monks by charter dated 1 Jul “Era 1249” [probably misdated][214]. The testament of “Regina Portugaliæ Donna Urraca”, dated 31 Jul 1214, fearing her own death bequeathed half of her property to “viro meo Regi Domno Alphonso”, and made various religious donations[215]. “Alphonsus...Portugaliæ Rex...cum uxore mea Regina D. Urraca et filliis meis Infantibus Dono Sancio et Dono Alphonso et Dona Eleonor” granted property “in Ansede” to “Gunsalvo Gomes homini meo” by charter dated Jun 1217[216]. The Breve Chronicon Alcobacense records that "Alfonsus" was buried "Alcobacie cum uxore sua domna Urraca filia regis Castelle domni Alfonsi"[217].
     "Mistress (1): ---. The name of King Afonso's mistress is not known."
Med Lands cites: Afonso II "o Gordo" (?) King of Portugal was also known as Alphonso II King of Portugal.^14,15

; Per Wikipedia:
     "Afonso II (Portuguese pronunciation: [??fõsu]; English: Alphonzo), or Affonso (Archaic Portuguese), Alfonso or Alphonso (Portuguese-Galician) or Alphonsus (Latin version), nicknamed the Fat (Portuguese o Gordo), King of Portugal, was born in Coimbra on 23 April 1185[4] and died on 25 March 1223 in the same city. He was the second but eldest surviving son of Sancho I of Portugal by his wife, Dulce, Infanta of Aragon. Afonso succeeded his father on 27 March 1211.[2][1]
Reign
     "As a king, Afonso II set a different approach of government. Hitherto, his father Sancho I and his grandfather Afonso I were mostly concerned with military issues either against the neighbouring Kingdom of Castile or against the Moorish lands in the south. Afonso did not pursue territory enlargement policies and managed to ensure peace with Castile during his reign. Despite this, some towns, like Alcácer do Sal in 1217, were conquered from the Moors by the private initiative of noblemen. This does not mean that he was a weak or somehow cowardly man. The first years of his reign were marked instead by internal disturbances between Afonso and his brothers and sisters. The king managed to keep security within Portuguese borders only by outlawing and exiling his kin.
     "Since military issues were not a government priority, Afonso established the state's administration and centralized power on himself. He designed the first set of Portuguese written laws. These were mainly concerned with private property, civil justice, and minting. Afonso also sent ambassadors to European kingdoms outside the Iberian Peninsula and began amicable commercial relations with most of them.
     "Other reforms included the always delicate matters with the pope. In order to get the independence of Portugal recognized by Rome, his grandfather, Afonso I, had to legislate an enormous number of privileges to the Church. These eventually created a state within the state. With Portugal's position as a country firmly established, Afonso II endeavoured to weaken the power of the clergy and to apply a portion of the enormous revenues of the Catholic Church to purposes of national utility. These actions led to a serious diplomatic conflict between the pope and Portugal. After being excommunicated for his audacities by Pope Honorius III, Afonso II promised to make amends to the church, but he died in Coimbra on 25 March 1223[3] before making any serious attempts to do so.[5]
     "King Afonso was buried originally at the Monastery of Santa Cruz in Coimbra where his body remained for nearly ten years. His remains were transferred subsequently to Alcobaça Monastery,[6] as he had stipulated in his will. He and his wife, Queen Urraca, were buried at its Royal Pantheon.[7]
Marriage and descendants
     "In 1206, he married Urraca, daughter of Alfonso VIII of Castile and Eleanor of England. The couple were both descendants of King Alfonso VI of León.[8] The offspring of this marriage were:
     "Out of wedlock, he had two illegitimate sons:
References
1. Carvalho Correia 2008, p. 187.
2. Caetano de Souza 1735, p. 132.
3. Caetano de Souza 1735, p. 134.
4. Caetano de Souza 1735, p. 131.
5. Hannay, David (1911). "Alphonso s.v. Alphonso II." . In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.) Encyclopædia Britannica. 1 (11th ed.) Cambridge University Press. p. 733.
6. Caetano de Souza 1735, pp. 134–135.
7. "D. Afonso II". Mosteiro de Alcobaça. Retrieved 5 February 2017.
8. Rodrigues Oliveira 2010, pp. 99 and 101.
9. Rodrigues Oliveira 2010, p. 102.
10. Sotto Mayor Pizarro 1997, p. 167.
11. Sotto Mayor Pizarro 1997, p. 167-168.
12. Rodrigues Oliveira 2010, pp. 102 and 210.
13. Rodrigues Oliveira 2010, pp. 102 and 110.
14. Sotto Mayor Pizarro 1997, p. 168.
Bibliography
** Caetano de Souza, Antonio (1735). Historia Genealógica de la Real Casa Portuguesa (PDF) (in Portuguese). Vol. I. Lisbon: Lisboa Occidental, na oficina de Joseph Antonio da Sylva. ISBN 978-84-8109-908-9.
** Carvalho Correia, Francisco (2008). O Mosteiro de Santo Tirso de 978 a 1588: a silhueta de uma entidade projectada no chao de uma história milenária (in Portuguese). Santiago de Compostela: Universidade de Santiago de Compostela: Servizo de Publicacións e Intercambio Científico. ISBN 978-84-9887-038-1.
** Rodrigues Oliveira, Ana (2010). Rainhas medievais de Portugal. Dezassete mulheres, duas dinastias, quatro séculos de História (in Portuguese). Lisbon: A esfera dos livros. ISBN 978-989-626-261-7.
** Sotto Mayor Pizarro, José Augusto (1997). Linhagens Medievais Portuguesas: Genealogias e Estratégias (1279-1325) (in Portuguese). Oporto: Doctorate thesis, author’s edition. hdl:10216/18023."¹⁶ He was King of Portugal - AFONSO II. Beginning of the king's conflict with the clergy, which led to interference by the pope and to restlessness among the nobility. between 1211 and 1223.^1,2,3

     Sancho II "the Monk" (?) King of Portugal was born in 1207.^2,3 He married Mencia Lopez de Haro, daughter of Lope Diaz "Cabeza Brava" de Haro Soberano de Viscaya and Urraca Alfonso (?) de Leon, circa 1246
;
Her 2nd husband.³
Sancho II "the Monk" (?) King of Portugal died on 4 January 1248 at Toledo, Provincia de Toledo, Castilla-La Mancha, Spain.^1,2,3
Sancho II "the Monk" (?) King of Portugal was buried after 4 January 1248 at Toledo, Provincia de Toledo, Castilla-La Mancha, Spain.³
     He was King of Portugal - SANCHO II. His trouble with the clergy and nobility led ultimately to his deposition by the pope. between 1223 and 1245.¹

     Afonso III 'o Bolonhés' King of Portugal was born on 5 May 1210 at Coimbra, Portugal.^3,5,12,9 He married Mathilde/Mahaut/Mafalda (?) Cts de Dammartin et de Boulogne, daughter of Renaud I (?) comte de Boulogne de Dammartin, d’Aumale et de Mortain and Ida (?) of Flanders, Cts de Boulogne-sur-Mer, between 1235 and 1238
;
His 1st wife; her 2nd husband.^{3,5,12,9,10,13} Afonso III 'o Bolonhés' King of Portugal and Mathilde/Mahaut/Mafalda (?) Cts de Dammartin et de Boulogne were divorced in 1253;
Louda & Maclagan (Table 92) says div. 1245; Genealogy.EU (Capet 47 page) says div. 1253; Leo van de Pas says div. 1253; Richardson says "repudiated" in 1245.^3,5,14,12,15 Afonso III 'o Bolonhés' King of Portugal married Beatriz/Béatrice/Brites Alfonso (?) of Castile, Heiress of Alcozea, Salmeran & Vadesliras, daughter of Alfonso X "the Learned" (?) King of Castile and Leon and Maria Guillen de Guzman, between 1253 and 1254
;
His 2nd wife. Louda & Maclagan says m. 1254; Genealogics says d. 1253.^{2,3,5,16,17,12,9,10}
Afonso III 'o Bolonhés' King of Portugal died on 16 February 1279 at Lisbon, Portugal, at age 68.^2,3,5,12,9
Afonso III 'o Bolonhés' King of Portugal was buried after 16 February 1279 at Alcobace, Portugal; From Find A Grave:
     BIRTH     5 May 1210, Coimbra, Coimbra Municipality, Coimbra, Portugal
     DEATH     16 Feb 1279 (aged 68), Alcobaca, Alcobaça Municipality, Leiria, Portugal
     Portuguese Monarch. Born in Coimbra, the second son of Afonso II and his wife, Urraca of Castile. Alfonso was raised largely in France, and there married Matilda, Countess of Boulogne in 1238. Within ten years, Pope Innocent IV came into conflict with Sancho II, Alfonso's brother and Portugal's king. The pope ordered Sancho removed from the throne and replaced by the count of Bolougne. The unpopular Sancho was summarily exiled to Castile and Alfonso ascended to the throne after divesting himself of his wife and the title she brought to their marriage. In 1253, Alfonso married Beatriz of Castile, daughter of Alfonso X the Wise of Castile. In 1254, Alfonso held the first session of the Cortes, the kingdom's general assembly. Credited as a notable administrator, he founded several towns; instituted administrative and financial reforms, encouraged commerce, reorganized public administration, and made laws restraining the upper classes from abusing the lower. He initiated a Reconquista of Portugal against Moorish settlers in the south, capturing Faro and adding Algarve as part of the kingdom. Alfonso was succeeded by his eldest surviving son, Diniz. Bio by: Iola
     Family Members
     Parents
          Afonso II of Portugal 1185–1233
          Urraca Of Castile 1187–1220
     Spouse
          Beatrice of Castile 1242–1303 (m. 1253)
     Siblings
          Eleanor of Portugal 1211–1231
     Children
          Branca de Portugal 1259–1321
          Fernando of Portugal 1260–1262
          Dinis of Portugal I 1261–1325
          Afonso of Portugal 1263–1312
          Vicente of Portugal 1268–1269
     BURIAL     Mosterio de Santa Maria, Alcobaca, Alcobaça Municipality, Leiria, Portugal
     Maintained by: Find a Grave
     Originally Created by: girlofcelje
     Added: 30 Jun 2003
     Find a Grave Memorial 7640759.^5,18
      ; Per Genealogy.EU "A12. Beatriz Alfonso, sna de Alcozea etc, *1242, +1303, bur Alcobace; m.1253 King Affonso III of Portugal (*1210 +1279.)¹⁹"

Reference: Genealogics cites:

; Per Genalogics:
     "Afonso was born at Coimbra on 5 May 1210, the second son of Afonso II 'o Gordo', king of Portugal and Urraca of Castile; he succeeded his brother King Sancho II of Portugal in 1247.
     "As the second son, Afonso was not expected to inherit the throne, which was destined to go to his elder brother Sancho. He lived mostly in France, where in 1235 or 1238 he married Mafalda de Dammartin, the heiress of Boulogne, in 1235 or 1238, thereby becoming count of Boulogne. In 1246 conflicts between his brother the king and the Church became unbearable. Pope Innocent IV ordered Sancho II to be removed from the throne and be replaced by the count of Boulogne. Afonso, of course, did not refuse the papal order and marched to Portugal. Since Sancho was not a popular king, the order was not hard to enforce; he was exiled to Castile and Afonso III became king in 1247.
     "To ascend the throne he abdicated from the county of Boulogne, and later in 1253, without divorcing Mafalda, he married Beatriz of Castile, heiress of Alcozea, Salmeran and Vadesliras, daughter of Alfonso X, king of Castile and León, and his mistress Maria Guillen de Guzmán. After strong protests by Mafalda, Pope Alexander IV excommunicated both Afonso and Beatriz. The death of Mafalda in 1258 did not change matters, despite the fact that Afonso's second marriage had not been consummated while Mafalda was alive, Mass and other celebrations remained forbidden wherever the royal couple stayed. The marriage to Beatriz was only recognised by Pope Urban IV after representations were made in Rome by the bishops of Coimbra and Lisbon and the intercession of Louis IX, king of France, Thibaut, king of Navarre and Charles, count of Anjou.
     "Afonso and Beatriz had four children, of whom only Diniz, the future Diniz 'o Lavrador', king of Portugal, would have progeny. Determined not to commit the same mistakes as his brother, Afonso III paid special attention to the views of the middle class, composed of merchants and small land owners. In 1254, in the city of Leiria, he held the first session of the Cortes, a general assembly comprising the nobility, the middles class and representatives of all municipalities. He also made laws intended to restrain the upper classes from abusing the least favoured part of the population. Remembered as a notable administrator, Afonso III founded several towns, granted the title of city to many others and reorganised public administration.
     "Secure on the throne, Afonso III then proceeded to make war on the Muslim communities that still thrived in the south. In his reign the Algarve became part of the kingdom, following the capture of Faro
     "Portugal thus becoming the first Iberian kingdom to complete its _Reconquista._
     "Following his success against the Moors, Afonso III had to deal with a political situation arising from the borders with Castile. The neighbouring kingdom considered that the newly acquired lands of Algarve should be Castilian, not Portuguese, which led to a series of wars between the two kingdoms. Finally in 1267 a treaty was signed in Badajoz, determining that the southern border between Castile and Portugal should be the River Guadiana, as it is today.
     "Afonso died on 16 February 1279 in Lisbon."²⁰

; Per Med Lands:
     "Infante dom AFONSO de Portugal, son of AFONSO II "o Gordo" King of Portugal & his wife Infanta doña Urraca de Castilla (Coimbra 5 May 1210-Lisbon 18 Apr 1279, bur Cistercian monastery of Santa Maria de Alcobaça). The De Rebus Hispaniæ of Rodericus Ximenes names "Sancius Regem Portugalliæ successorem…Aldefonsum" as the sons of "Aldefonsum" & his wife[247]. The Nobiliario of Pedro Conde de Barcelos names "D. Sancho, D. Alfonso, D. Fernando de Serpa" as the sons of "D. Alonso Sanchez Rey de Portugal" and his wife "D. Urraca"[248]. “Alphonsus...Portugaliæ Rex...cum uxore mea Regina D. Urraca et filliis meis Infantibus Dono Sancio et Dono Alphonso et Dona Eleonor” granted property “in Ansede” to “Gunsalvo Gomes homini meo” by charter dated Jun 1217[249]. Comte de Boulogne-sur-Mer 1238-1251. “Alfonsus, filius…regis Portugaliæ, comes Bolonie” recorded his agreements with “Thomam comitem et Johannam eius uxorem comitissam Flandrensem” by charter dated Nov 1241 which names “quondam comes Ferrandus patruus noster et Johanna, quondam eius uxor…et Marie filie ipsius…patruus noster P. dominus regni Majoricarum, vel Sancyus frater noster rex Portugalie…M. comitissa Bolonie uxor nostra”[250]. Regent of Portugal 1245-1248. “Alphonsus comes Boloniæ et filius...Alphonsi Regis Portugalliæ” swore to govern “Regum Portugalliæ” by charter dated 7 Sep 1245 at Paris[251]. He succeeded his brother in 1248 as AFONSO III “o Restaurador” King of Portugal. He conquered the Algarve. He summoned the first meeting of a three estate Portuguese Cortes at Leiria in 1254. The testament of “Alphonsus...Rex Portug. et Algarbii”, dated 23 Nov 1271, chose burial “in Monasterio Alcobaciæ”, appointed “Dono Dionysio meo filio” as his successor, made bequests to “D. Blancæ filiæ meæ...D. Sanciæ filiæ meæ...D. Alienor, quam habeo de Elvira Stephani...Egidio Alphonsi filio meo...Martini Alphonsi filio meo...Alphonso filio meo, quem nutrivit Martinus Petri clericus meus”, and appointed among the executors “Reginam Beatricem uxorem meam...”[252]. The Chronicon Conimbricensi records the death “XIV Kal Mai” in 1279 of “Dñs Alfonsus…Rex tertius Portugalis”[253]. The Breve Chronicon Alcobacense records that "Rex Alfonsus…comes Bolonie" was buried "Alcobacie cum uxore sua"[254]. The Nobiliario of Pedro Conde de Barcelos records that "D. Alonso…Rey de Portugal" died "Era 1317" and was buried "en Alcobaça"[255].
     "m firstly (1235, divorced 1253) as her second husband, MATHILDE Ctss de Dammartin et de Boulogne, widow of PHILIPPE Tristan "Hurepel" de France, daughter and heiress of RENAUD Comte de Dammartin [en-Goële], de Mortain, de Varenne et d’Aumâle & his second wife Ide de Flandre Ctss de Boulogne (-[9 Oct 1261/8 Feb 1263]). The De Rebus Hispaniæ of Rodericus Ximenes records the marriage of "Aldefonsum", son of "Aldefonsum" & his wife, and "Matillam…de partibus Franciæ, Boloniæ Comitissam"[256]. The Chronica Andrensis names "Mathilde…filia…Reinaldi quondam comitis Bolonie" as the wife of "Philippus frater Ludovici regis Gallie"[257]. She succeeded in 1223 as Ctss de Dammartin and in 1227 as Ctss de Boulogne. Her second marriage is confirmed by the charter dated Jun 1240 under which "Aufonsus filius regis Portigalis comes Bolonie et Matildis uxor sua comitissa Bolonie" confirmed a donation by "Johanni de Bello Monte domini regis cambellano et Ysabelli Buticularie uxori sue"[258]. “Alfonsus, filius…regis Portugaliæ, comes Bolonie” recorded his agreements with “Thomam comitem et Johannam eius uxorem comitissam Flandrensem” by charter dated Nov 1241 which names “…M. comitissa Bolonie uxor nostra”[259]. The testament of “Mathildis comitissa Boloniæ”, dated Mar 1241 (presumably O.S.), bequeathed property to “marito meo Alphonso filio...Regis Portugaliæ comiti...Boloniæ” and appointed “ipsum comitem maritum meum, et...Robertum episcopum Belovacensem et...consanguineum meum dominum Matthæum de Tria...et dominum Philippum de Nantholio consanguineum meum” as her executors, with the approval of “Gualtherus de Cestellione et...Joanna eius uxor”[260]. A charter dated Nov 1242 records a declaration by "Mathildis comtissa Bolonie…cum…marito nostro Alfonso filio…regis Portugalie comiti Bolonie" relating to her testament and names "Gaucherus de Castellione et Johanna filia nostra uxor eiusdem, heredes nostri"[261]. The Breve Chronicon Alcobacense records that "comitissa Bolonie" was still alive when "rex Dionisius" was born (9 Oct 1261, see below), but had died before the birth of his brother Afonso (8 Feb 1263, see below), and it was therefore claimed that Diniz was illegitimate but Afonso legitimate[262].
     "m secondly (1253) BEATRIZ Alfonso, Señora de Alcocer, Salmerón y Vadesliras, illegitimate daughter of ALFONSO X "el Sabio" King of Castile & his mistress María [Mayor] Guillén de Guzmán (1242-27 Oct 1303, bur Cistercian monastery of Santa Maria de Alcobaça). The Crónica del Rey Don Alfonso X names "doña Mayor Guillen…fija de don Pedro Guzman" as mother of King Alfonso X´s daughter "doña Beatriz, que fué casada con el rey don Alfonso de Portugal"[263]. The Nobiliario of Pedro Conde de Barcelos records that "D. Alonso…Rey de Portugal" married "D. Beatriz", who in an earlier passage is named as daughter of Alfonso X King of Castile by his wife Queen Violante[264]. The testament of “Alphonsus...Rex Portug. et Algarbii”, dated 23 Nov 1271, appointed among the executors “Reginam Beatricem uxorem meam...”[265]. The Breve Chronicon Alcobacense records that "Rex Alfonsus…comes Bolonie" was buried "Alcobacie cum uxore sua"[266].
     "Mistress (1): MARIANA Pirez de Enxara, daughter of ---. Brandaõ quotes a charter of King Afonso III who granted “herdamentum quod fuit Velasci Stephani...”, sold to him by “Martinus Alfonsus filius meus”, to “D. Alfonso filio meo et Marinæ Petri de Enxara”, dated 5 Jul 1278[267].
     "Mistress (2): MAGDALENA Gil, daughter of [ALVANDO Muniz & his wife ---]. The primary source which confirms her relationship with King Afonso has not yet been identified.
     "Mistress (3): ELVIRA Estevez, daughter of ---. The testament of “Alphonsus...Rex Portug. et Algarbii”, dated 23 Nov 1271, made bequests to “...D. Alienor, quam habeo de Elvira Stephani...”[268]."
Med Lands cites: Afonso III 'o Bolonhés' King of Portugal was also known as Affonso III 'O Restaurador' King of Portugal.^{2,3,4,5,14,12}

; Per Wikipedia:
     "Afonso III (Portuguese pronunciation: [??fõsu]; rare English alternatives: Alphonzo or Alphonse), or Affonso (Archaic Portuguese), Alfonso or Alphonso (Portuguese-Galician) or Alphonsus (Latin), the Boulonnais (Port. o Bolonhês), King of Portugal (5 May 1210 – 16 February 1279) was the first to use the title King of Portugal and the Algarve, from 1249. He was the second son of King Afonso II of Portugal and his wife, Urraca of Castile; he succeeded his brother, King Sancho II of Portugal, who died on 4 January 1248.[1]
Early life
     "Afonso was born in Coimbra. As the second son of King Afonso II of Portugal, he was not expected to inherit the throne, which was destined to go to his elder brother Sancho.[2]
     "He lived mostly in France, where he married Matilda, the heiress of Boulogne, in 1238, thereby becoming Count of Boulogne, Mortain, Aumale and Dammartin-en-Goële jure uxoris.[3]
Reign
     "In 1246, conflicts between his brother, the king, and the church became unbearable. In 1247, Pope Innocent IV ordered Sancho II to be removed from the throne and to be replaced by the Count of Boulogne. Afonso, of course, did not refuse the papal order and consequently marched to Portugal. Since Sancho was not a popular king the order was not hard to enforce, and he fled in exile to Toledo, Castile, where he died on 4 January 1248. Until his brother's death and his own eventual coronation, Afonso retained and used the title of Visitador, Curador e Defensor do Reino (Overseer, Curator and Defender of the Kingdom).[4]
     "In order to ascend the throne Afonso abdicated his rights to the county of Boulogne in 1248. In 1253, he divorced Matilde in order to marry Beatrice of Castile, illegitimate daughter of Alfonso X, King of Castile, and Mayor Guillén de Guzmán.[5]
     "Determined not to make the same mistakes as his brother, Afonso III paid special attention to what the middle class, composed of merchants and small land owners, had to say. In 1254, in the city of Leiria, he held the first session of the Cortes, a general assembly comprising the nobility, the middle class and representatives of all municipalities. He also made laws intended to restrain the upper classes from abusing the least favored part of the population. Remembered as a notable administrator, Afonso III founded several towns, granted the title of city to many others and reorganized public administration.[6]
     "Afonso showed extraordinary vision for the time. Progressive measures taken during his kingship include: representatives of the commons, besides the nobility and clergy, were involved in governance; the end of preventive arrests such that henceforward all arrests had to be first presented to a judge to determine the detention measure; and fiscal innovation, such as negotiating extraordinary taxes with the mercantile classes and direct taxation of the Church, rather than debasement of the coinage. These may have led to his excommunication by the holy see and possibly precipitated his death, and his son Denis's premature rise to the throne at only 18 years old.[7]
     "Secure on the throne, Afonso III then proceeded to make war with the Muslim communities that still thrived in the south. In his reign the Algarve became part of the kingdom, following the capture of Faro.[8]
Final years and death
     "Following his success against the Moors, Afonso III had to deal with a political situation concerning the country's borders with Castile. The neighbouring kingdom considered that the newly acquired lands of the Algarve should be Castilian, not Portuguese, which led to a series of wars between the two kingdoms. Finally, in 1267, the Treaty of Badajoz (1267) was signed in Badajoz, determining that the southern border between Castile and Portugal should be the River Guadiana, as it is today.[9]
     "Afonso died in Alcobaça, Coimbra or Lisbon, aged 68.
Marriages and descendants
     "Afonso's first wife was Matilda II, Countess of Boulogne, daughter of Renaud, Count of Dammartin, and Ida, Countess of Boulogne. They had no surviving children. He divorced Matilda in 1253 and, in the same year, married Beatrice of Castile, illegitimate daughter of Alfonso X, King of Castile, and Mayor Guillén de Guzmán.
References
1. Ennes, Antonio (1876). Historia de Portugal (in Portuguese). Retrieved 17 April 2019.
2. España Sagrada. Tomo XVII (in Spanish). En la Oficina de Antonio Marin. 1763. Retrieved 17 April 2019.
3. Dinis (King of Portugal); Ferreira, Manuel Pedro (2005). Cantus Coronatus: 7 Cantigas d'El-Rei Dom Dinis: by King Dinis of Portugal. Edition Reichenberger. ISBN 9783937734095. Retrieved 17 April 2019.
4. Lumbreras, Joaquín (1841). Libertades de la Iglesia española vindicadas contra la alocución del beatísimo padre Gregorio XVI en el consistorio secreto de 1o de marzo de este año (in Spanish). Imprenta de la Viuda de Calero. Retrieved 17 April 2019.
5. Catálogo histórico y bibliográfico de la Exposición Internacional de Barcelona (1929-1930) - VOLUMEN I (in Spanish). Madrid: Real Academia de la Historia. 1931. ISBN 9788496849341. Retrieved 17 April 2019.
6. Fernando de Olaguer-Feliú Alonso (27 January 1998). Arte medieval español hasta el año 1000 (in Spanish). Encuentro. ISBN 9788474904888. Retrieved 17 April 2019.
7. Jiménez, Manuel González (1991). Diplomatario Andaluz de Alfonso X (in Spanish). El Monte, Caja de Huelva y Sevilla. Retrieved 17 April 2019.
8. Wheeler, Douglas L; Opello, Jr, Walter C. (10 May 2010). Historical Dictionary of Portugal. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 9780810870758. Retrieved 17 April 2019.
9. Pérez-Embid, Florentino (1975). La frontera entre los reinos de Sevilla y Portugal (in Spanish). University of Michigan: Ayuntamiento, Delegación de Cultura, Sección de Publicaciones. ISBN 9788450066029. Retrieved 17 April 2019."²¹

; Per Genealogy.EU: "King AFFONSO III of Portugal (1248-79), *Coimbra 1210, +Lisbon 16.2.1279, bur Alcobace;
     1m: 1235 (div 1253) Matilda, Cts de Boulogne (*ca 1202, +1262) dau.of Renaud, Cte de Dammartin by Ide de Lorraine, Cts de Boulogne;
     2m: 1253 Brites=Beatrix (*1242 +1303) illegitimate dau.of King Alfonso X of Castile."⁵ He was Count of Boulogne between 1238 and 1253.²¹ He was King of Portugal - AFONSO III, the brother of Sancho II and count of Boulogne; offered the crown by the pope. His title being weak, Afonso was much dependent on the cortes (1254) in which the commoners were for the first time represented. War with Castile was ended by a peace in 1253. between 1245 and 1279.²

     Vratislav I (?) Duke of Bohemia was born in 888.^2,7,4 He married Drahomira ze Stodor (?) in 906.^1,2,8,7,4

Vratislav I (?) Duke of Bohemia died on 13 February 921;
Killed in battle.^2,3,7,4
Vratislav I (?) Duke of Bohemia was buried after 13 February 921 at Bazilika Svatého Ji?í, Prague, Okres Praha, Bohemia, Czech Republic; From Find A Grave:
     BIRTH          c.888
     DEATH     13 Feb 921 (aged 32–33)
     Duke of Bohemia, 915-921, and founder of St. George's Basilica. Bio by: David Conway
     Family Members
     Parents
          Ludmilla 860–921
     BURIAL     Bazilika Svatého Ji?í, Prague, Okres Praha, Prague Capital City, Czech Republic
     Maintained by: Find A Grave
     Originally Created by: David Conway
     Added: 23 Oct 2002
     Find A Grave Memorial 6871806.^2,9
      ; Per Catholic Inc.:
     "Wratislaw was married to Drahomira, a pretended Christian, but a secret favourer of paganism. They had twin sons, St. Wenceslaus and Boleslaus the Cruel, the former of whom lived with Ludmilla at Tetin. Wratislaw died in 916, leaving the eight-year-old Wenceslaus as his successor. Jealous of the great influence which Ludmilla wielded over Wenceslaus, Drahomira instigated two noblemen to murder her. She is said to have been strangled by them with her veil. She was at first buried in the church of St. Michael at Tetin, but her remains were removed to the church of St. George at Prague before the year 1100, probably by St. Wenceslaus, her grandson. She is venerated as one of the patrons of Bohemia, and her feast is celebrated on 16 September.
     "The chief source is Vita et passio s. Wenceslai et s. Ludmillæ aviæ ejus, written probably towards the end of the tenth century by the Benedictine Monk Christian, a son of Boleslaw I. Until recently this work was considered a forgery of the 12-14 century. But PEKAR, Die Wenzels- und Ludmilla­Legenden und die Echtheit Christians (Prague, 1905), and VOIGT, Die von dem Premysliden Christian verfasste und Adelbert von Prag gewidmete Biographie des heil. Wenzel und ihre Geschichtsdarstellungen (Prague, 1907), have adduced grave reasons for its genuineness, Acta SS., IV, 16 Sept; DUNBAR, Dictionary of Saintly Women, I (London, 1904), 475-7.
     "MICHAEL OTT
     "Transcribed by WGKofron
     "With thanks to St. Mary's Church, Akron, Ohio
     "The Catholic Encyclopedia, Volume IX
     "Copyright © 1910 by Robert Appleton Company
     "Online Edition Copyright © 2003 by Kevin Knight
     "Nihil Obstat, October 1, 1910. Remy Lafort, Censor
     "Imprimatur. +John M. Farley, Archbishop of New York."¹⁰ GAV-30.

Reference: Genealogics cites:

; Per Wikipedai:
     "Vratislaus (or Wratislaus) I (Czech: Vratislav I; c.?888 – 13 February 921), a member of the P?emyslid dynasty, was Duke of Bohemia from 915 until his death.
Life
     "He was a son of Duke Bo?ivoj I of Bohemia by his wife Ludmila and the younger brother of Duke Spytihn?v I. Around 906, he married Drahomíra, a Hevellian princess, to establish close ties with the Polabian Slavs. Vratislaus had at least two sons, Wenceslaus and Boleslaus, both of whom succeeded him as Bohemian dukes. Some historians believe that St?ezislava, the wife of the Bohemian nobleman Slavník, founder of the Slavník dynasty, was also the daughter of Vratislaus.[1]
     "Upon the death of his elder brother Spytihn?v in 915, Vratislaus became duke at a time when the Bohemian lands around Prague Castle had already distanced themselves from the political and cultural sphere of Great Moravia and fallen under the influence of East Francia, especially during the rule of Duke Arnulf of Bavaria. The contemporary Annales Fuldenses report that already in 900 the Bavarian forces had attacked Prince Mojmir II of Moravia in alliance with the Bohemians. On the other hand, Duke Vratislaus offered the Hungarian invaders free passage and supported their 915 campaign against the Saxon duke Henry the Fowler.
     "Vratislaus is credited with the establishment of St. George's Basilica at Prague Castle and also with the foundation of the Silesian city of Wroc?aw (Vratislavia). He died in battle against the Hungarians, possibly in 919, although 921 is more often conjectured.
References
1. Loserth, Johann (2008). "Propast hrvatske kneževske obitelji Slavnikovi?a" [The collapse of Croatian princely family Slavnikovi?]. In Nosi?, Milan (ed.) Bijeli Hrvati II [White Croats II] (in Croatian). Maveda. pp. 168–169. ISBN 978-953-7029-12-8.
** Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America Before 1700 by Frederick Lewis Weis; Line 244-7
** The Plantagenet Ancestry by William Henry Turton, Page 85
** Royal Highness, Ancestry of the Royal Child by Sir Iain Moncreiffe, Pages 64–65."¹¹

; Per Genealogics:
     "Wratislaw was born about 888, the son of Borziwoy I, duke of Bohemia, and Ludmilla, heiress of Psov (later canonised, who is venerated as a patroness of Bohemia). He was the younger brother of Spitignew I, who succeeded their father as duke of Bohemia. Spitignew is remembered solely for his 895 alliance with Arnulf, duke of Bavaria (the Diet of Augsburg). which separated Bohemia from Great Moravia. Designed to protect Bohemia against the ravages of Magyar raiders, this pact also opened Bohemia to East Frankish Carolingian culture and paved the way for the eventual triumph of Roman Catholicism in Czech spiritual affairs. Spitignew died in 915 and was succeeded by Wratislaw.
     "About 906 Wratislaw married Drahomira von Stodar. They had three sons and three daughters, of whom their son Boleslaw would have progeny. Wratislaw died in battle against the Magyars. His date of death is generally given as 13 February 921. He was succeeded by his 13-year-old son Wenceslas, who ruled Bohemia from the age of 18 but was murdered in 935 by a group of nobles allied with his younger brother Boleslaw. Wenceslas was canonised, and remains the patron saint of the Czech people."⁷ Vratislav I (?) Duke of Bohemia was also known as Vratislaus I (?) Duke of Bohemia.¹¹ Vratislav I (?) Duke of Bohemia was also known as Wratislaw I (?) Duke of Bohemia.³

; Per Med Lands: "VRATISLAV (888-killed in battle 13 Feb 921). The Chronica Boemorum names "Spitigneum et Wratizlaum" as sons of "Borivoy", specifying that the latter succeeded on the death of his older brother[16]. "Wratizlav" is named as younger brother of "Zpuytignev" in the Vita Vencezslavi[17]. He succeeded his brother in 915 as VRATISLAV I Duke of the Bohemians. The Gesta Hungarorum records that, after settling in Pannonia, the Magyars (although the text does not give them this name) raided Moravia and Bohemia and killed "Waratizlao" in battle[18]. m ([906]) DRAHOMIRA, daughter of --- from Stodor (-after 935). The Chronica Boemorum names "Dragomir de durissima gente Luticensi…ex provincial nomine Stodor" as wife of "Wratizlav"[19]. Regent for her son. She was sent into exile[20]."
Med Lands cites: He was Duke of Bohemia between 915 and 921.^2,11

     Saint Václav I "Svatý" "the Holy" (Wenceslaus) (?) Duke of Bohemia was born in 905; Genealogy.EU (Bohemia 1 page) says b. 911; Catholic Encyclopedia says b. "probably 903"; Genealogics says b. 907.^2,3,4
Saint Václav I "Svatý" "the Holy" (Wenceslaus) (?) Duke of Bohemia died on 28 September 935 at Alt-Bunzlau (Stara Boleslav);
Murdered by his brother. Genealogics says d. 28 Sep 0929.^2,3,5,8
Saint Václav I "Svatý" "the Holy" (Wenceslaus) (?) Duke of Bohemia was buried after 28 September 935 at St. Veit, Prague, Okres Praha, Bohemia, Czech Republic (now); bur St.Kosmas and Damian, St.Boleslav, then St.Veit, Prague.³
      ; Per Catholic Enc.:
     "St. Wenceslaus - (Also Vaclav, Vaceslav.) Duke, martyr, and patron of Bohemia, born probably 903; died at Alt-Bunzlau, 28 September, 935.
     "His parents were Duke Wratislaw, a Christian, and Dragomir, a heathen. He received a good Christian education from his grandmother (St. Ludmilla) and at Budweis. After the death of Wratislaw, Dragomir, acting as regent, opposed Christianity, and Wenceslaus, being urged by the people, took the reins of government. He placed his duchy under the protection of Germany, introduced German priests, and favoured the Latin rite instead of the old Slavic, which had gone into disuse in many places for want of priests. Wenceslaus had taken the vow of virginity and was known for his virtues. The Emperor Otto I conferred on him the regal dignity and title. For religious and national motives, and at the instigation of Dragomir, Wenceslaus was murdered by his brother Boleslaw. The body, hacked to pieces, was buried at the place of murder, but three years later Boleslaw, having repented of his deed, ordered its translation to the Church of St. Vitus in Prague. The gathering of his relics is noted in the calendars on 27 June, their translation on 4 March; his feast is celebrated on 28 September."²

; Per Wikipedai:
     "(Saint) Wenceslaus I (Czech: Václav [?va?tslaf] (About this soundlisten); c. 911 – September 28, 935), Wenceslas I or Václav the Good[2] was the duke (kníže) of Bohemia from 921 until his assassination in 935. His younger brother, Boleslaus the Cruel, was complicit in the murder.
     "His martyrdom and the popularity of several biographies gave rise to a reputation for heroic virtue that resulted in his elevation to sainthood. He was posthumously declared to be a king and came to be seen as the patron saint of the Czech state. He is the subject of the well-known "Good King Wenceslas", a carol for Saint Stephen's Day.
Biography
     "Wenceslaus was the son of Vratislaus I, Duke of Bohemia from the P?emyslid dynasty. His grandfather, Bo?ivoj I of Bohemia, was converted to Christianity by Saints Cyril and Methodius. His mother, Drahomíra, was the daughter of a pagan tribal chief of the Havelli, but was baptized at the time of her marriage. His paternal grandmother, Ludmila of Bohemia, saw to it that he was educated in the Old-Slavonic language and, at an early age, Wenceslas was sent to the college at Bude?.[3]
     "In 921, when Wenceslas was about thirteen, his father died and his grandmother became regent. Jealous of the influence that Ludmila wielded over Wenceslas, Drahomíra arranged to have her killed. Ludmila was at Tetín Castle near Beroun when assassins murdered her on September 15, 921. She is said to have been strangled by them with her veil. She was at first buried in the church of St. Michael at Tetín, but her remains were later removed, probably by Wenceslas,[4] to the church of St. George in Prague, which had been built by his father.[5]
     "Drahomíra then assumed the role of regent and immediately initiated measures against the Christians. When Wenceslas was 18, those Christian nobles who remained rebelled against Drahomira. The uprising was successful, and Drahomira was sent into exile to Bude?.
Reign
     "With the support of the nobles, Wenceslas took control of the government. To prevent disputes between him and his younger brother Boleslav, they divided the country between them,[clarification needed] assigning to the latter a considerable territory.[5]
     "After the fall of Great Moravia, the rulers of the Bohemian Duchy had to deal both with continuous raids by the Magyars and the forces of the Saxon and East Frankish king Henry the Fowler, who had started several eastern campaigns into the adjacent lands of the Polabian Slavs, homeland of Wenceslas's mother. To withstand Saxon overlordship, Wenceslas's father Vratislaus had forged an alliance with the Bavarian duke Arnulf, a fierce opponent of King Henry at that time. The alliance became worthless, however, when Arnulf and Henry reconciled at Regensburg in 921.
     "Early in 929, the joint forces of Duke Arnulf of Bavaria and King Henry I the Fowler reached Prague in a sudden attack that forced Wenceslas to resume the payment of a tribute first imposed by the East Frankish king Arnulf of Carinthia in 895. [6]
     "He introduced German priests, and favoured the Latin rite instead of the old Slavic, which had gone into disuse in many places for want of priests.[3] He also founded a rotunda consecrated to St. Vitus at Prague Castle in Prague, which exists as present-day St. Vitus Cathedral.
     "Henry had been forced to pay a huge tribute to the Magyars in 926 and needed the Bohemian tribute, which Wenceslas probably refused to pay after the reconciliation between Arnulf and Henry.[citation needed] Another possible reason for the attack was the formation of the anti-Saxon alliance between Bohemia, the Polabian Slavs, and the Magyars.
Murder
     "In September 935, a group of nobles allied with Wenceslas's younger brother Boleslav plotted to kill him. After Boleslav invited Wenceslas to the feast of Saints Cosmas and Damian in Stará Boleslav, three of Boleslav's companions, Tira, ?esta, and Hn?vsa, fell on the duke and stabbed him to death.[7] As the duke fell, Boleslav ran him through with a lance.[5]
     "According to Cosmas of Prague, in his Chronica Boëmorum of the early 12th century, one of Boleslav's sons was born on the day of Wenceslas's death. Because of the ominous circumstance of his birth, the infant was named Strachkvas, which means "a dreadful feast".[7]
     "There is also a tradition that Saint Wenceslas's loyal servant Podevin avenged his death by killing one of the chief conspirators, but was executed by Boleslav.[8]
Veneration
     "Wenceslas was considered a martyr and saint immediately after his death, when a cult of Wenceslas grew up in Bohemia and in England.[9] Within a few decades, four biographies of him were in circulation.[10][11] These hagiographies had a powerful influence on the High Middle Ages concept of the rex justus (righteous king), a monarch whose power stems mainly from his great piety as well as his princely vigor.[12]
     "Referring approvingly to these hagiographies, the chronicler Cosmas of Prague, writing in about the year 1119, states:[13]
     "Several centuries later this legend was asserted as fact by Pope Pius II.[14]
     "Although Wenceslas was only a duke during his lifetime, Holy Roman Emperor Otto I posthumously "conferred on [Wenceslas] the regal dignity and title", which is why he is referred to as "king" in legend and song.[3]
     "The hymn "Svatý Václave" (Saint Wenceslas) or "Saint Wenceslas Chorale" is one of the oldest known Czech songs. Tracing back to the 12th century, it is still among the most popular religious songs. In 1918, at the founding of the modern Czechoslovak state, the song was discussed as a possible choice for the national anthem. During the Nazi occupation, it was often played along with the Czech anthem.
     "Wenceslaus' feast day is celebrated on September 28,[15][16] on this day celebrations and a pilgrimage are held in the city of Stará Boleslav, while the translation of his relics, which took place in 938, is commemorated on March 4.[17] Since 2000, the September 28 feast day is a public holiday in the Czech Republic, celebrated as Czech Statehood Day.
In legend
     "According to legend, one Count Radislas rose in rebellion and marched against King Wenceslas. The latter sent a deputation with offers of peace, but Radislas viewed this as a sign of cowardice. The two armies were drawn up opposite each other in battle array, when Wenceslas, to avoid shedding innocent blood, challenged Radislas to single combat. As Radislas advanced toward the king, he saw by Wenceslas' side two angels, who cried: "Stand off!" Thunderstruck, Radislas repented his rebellion, threw himself from his horse at the Saint's feet, and asked for pardon. Wenceslas raised him and kindly received him again into favor.
     "A second enduring legend claims an army of knights sleeps under Blaník, a mountain in the Czech Republic. They will awake and, under the command of St. Wenceslaus, bring aid to the Czech people in their ultimate danger. There is a similar legend in Prague which says that when the Motherland is in danger or in its darkest times and close to ruin, the equestrian statue of King Wenceslaus in Wenceslaus Square will come to life, raise the army sleeping in Blaník, and upon crossing the Charles Bridge his horse will stumble and trip over a stone, revealing the legendary sword of Bruncvík. With this sword, King Wenceslaus will slay all the enemies of the Czechs, bringing peace and prosperity to the land.[18] Ogden Nash wrote a comic epic poem—"The Christmas that Almost Wasn't", loosely based on the same legend—in which a boy awakens Wenceslaus and his knights to save a kingdom from usurpers who have outlawed Christmas.[19]
Legacy
     "Wenceslaus is the subject of the popular Saint Stephen's Day (celebrated on December 26 in the West) Carol, "Good King Wenceslas". It was published by John Mason Neale in 1853, and may be a translation of a poem by Czech poet Václav Alois Svoboda. The usual American English spelling of Duke Wenceslas' name, Wenceslaus, is occasionally encountered in later textual variants of the carol, although it was not used by Neale in his version.[20] Wenceslas is not to be confused with King Wenceslaus I of Bohemia (Wenceslaus I Premyslid), who lived more than three centuries later.
     "The Day of Saint Wenceslas, 28 September 1914, was selected by Czech Companion in Russia for foundation in Kiev Sofia Square and the First Rifle Regiment of Czechoslovak legions there was originally named "The Rifle Regiment of Saint Wenceslas"[21].
     "An equestrian statue of Saint Wenceslaus and other patrons of Bohemia (St. Adalbert, St. Ludmila, St. Prokop and St. Agnes of Bohemia) is located on Wenceslaus Square in Prague. The statue is a popular meeting place in Prague. Demonstrations against the Communist regime were held there.[22]
     "His helmet and armour are on display inside Prague Castle.[23]
In popular culture
     "The lavish 1930 silent film St. Wenceslas was at the time the most expensive Czech film ever made.
     "The 1994 television film, Good King Wenceslas, is a highly fictional account of his early life. The film stars Jonathan Brandis in the title role, supported by Leo McKern, Stefanie Powers, and Joan Fontaine as Ludmila.[24]
See also
** Crown of Saint Wenceslas: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crown_of_Saint_Wenceslas
** Sword of Saint Wenceslas: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sword_of_Saint_Wenceslas
** Statues of Saints Norbert, Wenceslaus and Sigismund: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statues_of_Saints_Norbert,_Wenceslaus_and_Sigismund
Footnotes
1. http://genealogy.euweb.cz/bohemia/bohemia1.html#W1
2. Christiansen, Rupert. "T1.he story behind the carol: Good King Wenceslas", The Telegraph, 14 December 2007
3. Mershman,Francis. "St. Wenceslaus." The Catholic Encyclopedia Vol. 15. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1912. 8 January 2016
4. Ott, Michael. "St. Ludmilla." The Catholic Encyclopedia Vol. 9. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1910. 8 January 2016
5. Butler, Alban. "St. Wenceslas, Duke of Bohemia, Martyr", The Lives of the Saints, Vol. IX 1866
6. Bohemia to the Extinction of the Premyslids, Kamil Krofta, The Cambridge Medieval History: Victory of the Papacy, Vol. VI, ed. J.R. Tanner, C.W. Previt-Orton and Z.N. Brook, (Cambridge University Press, 1957), 426.
7. Newton, Michael. "Wenceslaus I (907-935)", Famous Assassinations in World History, ABC-CLIO, 2014 ISBN 9781610692861
8. Gibbs, C.H., "Good King Wenceslaus", The Mitre, Volume XXXVII, No.3, December 1929, p. 8, University of Bishop's College, Lennoxville, Quebec
9. Describing the Codex Gigas, a thirteenth-century manuscript from Bohemia in the Swedish National Library in Stockholm, it is stated: "All this bears witness to the outstanding importance of the cult of Vaclav in Bohemia at the time of the Devil's Bible's compilation. Moreover, all three festivals are inscribed in red ink, denoting their superlative degree."
10. The First Slavonic Life (in Old Church Slavonic), the anonymous Crescente fide, the Passio by Gumpold, bishop of Mantua (d. 985), and The Life and Passion of Saint Václav and his Grandmother Saint Ludmilla by Kristian.
11. Hastening Toward Prague: Power and Society in the Medieval Czech Lands - Lisa Wolverton - Google Boeken. Books.google.com. 2001-07-25. Retrieved 2013-11-20.
12. "Defries—St. Oswald's Martyrdom". Mun.ca. Archived from the original on 2013-11-09. Retrieved 2013-11-20.
13. Book I of the Chronica Boëmorum, Quoted in Wolverton, op. cit.
14. "Good King Wenceslas". Kresadlo.cz. Retrieved 2013-11-20.
15. September 28/October 11 Archived 2014-11-29 at the Wayback Machine. Orthodox Calendar (PRAVOSLAVIE.RU).
16. Martyr Wenceslaus the Prince of the Czechs. OCA - Lives of the Saints.
17. March 4/17 Archived 2014-11-29 at the Wayback Machine. Orthodox Calendar (PRAVOSLAVIE.RU).
18. Košná?, Julius (2008). Staropražské pov?sti a legendy. Prague: Nakladatelství XYZ. p. 289. ISBN 978-80-86864-86-0.
19. Ogden Nash, The Christmas that Almost Wasn't, Little, Brown and Company, 1957 OCLC 1211904
20. Wencesla-us is the Mediaeval Latin form of the name, declined in the Second Declension.
21. PRECLÍK, Vratislav. Masaryk a legie (Masaryk and legions), váz. kniha, 219 str., vydalo nakladatelství Paris Karviná, Žižkova 2379 (734 01 Karviná, CZ) ve spolupráci s Masarykovým demokratickým hnutím (Masaryk Democratic Movement, Prague), 2019, ISBN 978-80-87173-47-3, pp.17 - 25, 33 - 45, 70 – 96, 100- 140, 159 – 184, 187 - 199
22. "St. Wenceslas Monument in Prague", Prague.cz
23. "Prague Castle: St Wenceslas Chapel". Prague Castle. Retrieved 2015-01-30.
24. Good King Wenceslas (1994) on IMDb
External links
** Patron Saints Index: St. Wenceslaus: https://web.archive.org/web/20071001165353/http://www.catholic-forum.com/saints/saintw03.htm
** Catholic Online: St. Wenceslaus: https://www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=592
** Good King Wenceslas - The Real Story: https://wenceslas.co.uk/.⁸ "

; Per Med Lands: "WENZEL ([907]-murdered Altbunzlau 28 Sep 935[21], bur 4 Mar ---- Prague St Veit). The Chronica Boemorum names "Wincezlaum…et Bolezlaum" as sons of Wratislav and Dragomir[22]. "Vencezlaum" is named as son of "Wratizlav" in the Vita Vencezslavi[23]. He succeeded his father in 921 as WENZEL I Duke of the Bohemians. Heinrich I King of Germany led a successful campaign against Bohemia in 929 when Duke Wenzel did homage to the king[24]. He was murdered by his brother Boleslav "929 Kal Oct" according to the Chronica Boemorum[25]."
Med Lands cites: Saint Václav I "Svatý" "the Holy" (Wenceslaus) (?) Duke of Bohemia was also known as Saint Wenceslas I (?) Duke of Bohemia.⁴ Saint Václav I "Svatý" "the Holy" (Wenceslaus) (?) Duke of Bohemia was also known as Wenzel I (?) Duke of the Bohemians.⁵

Reference: Genealogics cites:

; St. Wenceslaus (in Czech, Vaclav), duke of the Premysl house from c. 922. Educated by his grandmother, St. Ludmilla, a devout Christian. He worked for the cultural improvement of his people, and seeking broader Christian contacts, maintained friendly relations with the German king Henry I (the Fowler) [>]. This policy, combined with a pagan reaction against a determined Christian king, led to Wenceslaus's murder by his brother Boleslav I. Prague soon became the center of a Wenceslaus cult; by 1100 he was recognized as Bohemia's patron saint, and his crown has served as the symbol of Czech independence.¹ He was Duke of Bohemia between 921 and 935.³

     Boleslaw II "Smialy/the Bold" (?) King of Poland was born circa 1042.^2,6 He married Vizeslava Sviatoslavna (?), daughter of Sviatoslav II Yaroslavich (?) Duke of Chernigov, Prince of Volynia and Kilikia/Cecilia (?), before 1069
; Genealogics does not give the name of his wife.^2,6,7
Boleslaw II "Smialy/the Bold" (?) King of Poland died on 22 March 1081; Enc. of World History says d. ca 1079; Genealogy.EU Piast 1 page says d. 22.3.1081; Genealogics says d. 1081.^1,2,6
Boleslaw II "Smialy/the Bold" (?) King of Poland was buried after 22 March 1081 at Ossiach Abbey, Ossiach, Feldkirchen Bezirk, Carinthia (Kärnten), Austrica; From Find A Grave:
     BIRTH     1042, Poland
     DEATH     1081 (aged 38–39), Ossiach, Feldkirchen Bezirk, Carinthia (Kärnten), Austria
     King of Poland. Son of Casimir the Restorer and his wife Dobranega. After Boleslaw took the throne he came into conflict with bishop Stanislav. This saintly man had no fear of the king and constantly criticized him for his violent ways.In the end the bishop was killed by Boleslaw in front of his church. The people were appalled and revolted. The king fled and was believed to have gone to Hungary. but it was later known that Boleslaw went to Rome to have his sins forgiven. On the way back he stopped at an abbey in Carinthia asking to be given menial work. For many years he worked as a servant and only on his deathbed admitted he was the King of Poland Boleslaw.Many later came to his grave as a pilgrimage site. Bio by: girlofcelje
     Family Members
     Parents
          Casimir I King Of Poland 1016–1058
          Dobronega of Kiev unknown–1087
     Siblings
          Wladyslaw I Herman 1044–1102
          Swatawa of Poland 1048–1126
     BURIAL     Ossiach Abbey, Ossiach, Feldkirchen Bezirk, Carinthia (Kärnten), Austria
     Maintained by: Find A Grave
     Originally Created by: girlofcelje
     Added: 11 Dec 2003
     Find A Grave Memorial 8174689.⁸
      ; See Wikipedia article.⁹

Reference: Genealogics cites:

; Per Genealogics:
     "In the struggle between Emperor Heinrich IV and Pope Gregory VII, Boleslaus II supported the latter. In recognition for this support the pope crowned Boleslaus II as an independant king. In revenge, Emperor Heinrich IV recognised the ruler of Bohemia as king and offered him the Polish provinces of Krakow and Silesia. As was to be expected, war followed. However, as Boleslaus II had adhered too closely to Pope Gregory VII, he made many enemies amongst the Polish clergy. As well, his despotic behaviour had made him unpopular with the nobility. Under the leadership of the king's brother, Vladislaw, a revolution broke out.
     "A story had it that the bishop of Krakow, after interdicting the king, had joined the Bohemians and that the infuriated king had personally killed the bishop in church. However, the bishop was actually tried for treason and executed. Defeated, the king had to flee his country while Krakow and southern Poland were annexed by Bohemia. What was left was to be ruled by the king's brother, Vladyslaw, who was denied the title of king and Poland again became a feudatory of the Holy Roman Empire."⁶

; Boleslaw II "Smialy" "the Liberal", Ct of Poland (1058-76), King of Poland (1076-79), exiled 11.4.1079, *1042, +22.3.1081; m.before 1069 Wyczeslawa N.²

; Per Med Lands: "BOLES?AW ([1043]-1082). The Chronicæ Polanorum names (in order) the four sons "Bolezlavus, Wladislaus, Mescho et Otto" of King Kazimierz, and an (unnamed) daughter who married "regi Bohemiæ"[142]. The Chronica principum Polonie records that one source names "duos filios, Bolcelsum secundum et Wladislaum primum" as the children of "Kazimirus" and his wife "Dobrognewam", adding that another source names "quatuor…filios Boleslaum, Wladislaum, Meziconem et Ottonem unamque filiam" as his children by his unnamed wife "de Russia"[143]. "Vladizlaum et Bolizlaum" are named as sons of Kazimierz & his wife in the Annalista Saxo[144]. He succeeded in 1058 as BOLES?AW II "Szczodry/the Liberal" Prince of Poland. King of Poland: the Annales Cracovienses Vetusti record the coronation in 1077 of "Bolezlaus secundus"[145]. He murdered the Bishop of Krakow in 1079, was deposed and expelled from Poland[146]. The Annales Cracovienses Vetusti record the death in 1082 of "Bolezlaus secundus"[147]. m (before 1069) VIZESLAVA Sviatoslavna, daughter of SVIATOSLAV II Iaroslavich Prince of Chernigov, Grand Prince of Kiev & his wife --- von Dithmarschen. Baumgarten names the wife of Boles?aw II and gives her origin, citing primary sources in support[148]."
Med Lands cites: He was Duke of Poland between 1058 and 1079.^2,9 He was King of Poland: BOLESLAV II (the Bold), one of the great medieval Polish rulers. In the great struggle between the emperor and the pope, he consistently supported the latter, as a counterweight to German influence. At the same time, he did his utmost to throw off the pressure of the nobility. In his countless campaigns, he reconquered upper Slovakia (1061-63) and marched as far as Kiev to put his relative on the Russian throne (1069). In 1076 he reassumed the royal crown, with the pope's approval. But his entire policy estranged the nobility, which ultimately drove him from his throne. between 1058 and 1079.¹

; exiled.²

     Yaropolk I Sviatoslavich (?) Grand Duke of Kiev married Julia (?) of Byzantium
; Genealogics doesn't name her.^2,4 Yaropolk I Sviatoslavich (?) Grand Duke of Kiev was born in 960; Genealogy.EU says b. 961; Wikipedia says b. 962; Med Lands says b. 960.^2,6,3
Yaropolk I Sviatoslavich (?) Grand Duke of Kiev died in 980 at Kyiv (Kiev), Ukraine (now); Murdered. Genealogics says d. 980.^1,2,4,6,3
     Reference: Genealogics cites: Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag, Marburg, Schwennicke, Detlev (Ed.) 2:128.⁴

; Per Genealogy.RU: "[1m.] Yaropolk I, Pr of Kiev (972-980), *961, +murdered in Kiev 980; m. (Julia of Byzantium), a Greek nun."²

; Per Wikipedia:
     "Yaropolk I Sviatoslavich (952 – 11 June 978) (Old East Slavic: ????????,[1] sometimes transliterated as Iaropolk) was a young and rather enigmatic ruler of Kiev between 972 and 980. He was the oldest son of Svyatoslav. His royal title is traditionally translated as "Prince".
Life
     "Yaropolk was given Kiev by his father Sviatoslav I, who left on a military campaign against the Danube Bulgars. Soon after Svyatoslav's death, however, civil war began between Yaropolk and his brothers. According to one chronicle, Yaropolk's brother Oleg killed Lyut, the son of Yaropolk's chief adviser and military commander Sveneld. Alternatively, Sveneld is identical to Sviatoslav, as Sveinald/Sveneld is the Norse rendition of the Slavic name. In an act of revenge and at Sveneld's insistence, Yaropolk went to war against his brother and killed him. Yaropolk then sent his men to Novgorod, from which his other brother Vladimir had fled upon receiving news of Oleg's death. Yaropolk became the sole ruler of Rus'.
     "In 980, Vladimir returned with the Varangian mercenaries and attacked Yaropolk. On his way to Kiev, Vladimir seized Polotsk because Rogneda, daughter of the Polotsk prince Rogvolod, had chosen Yaropolk over him. Vladimir forced Rogneda to marry him. Then, Vladimir seized Kiev with the assistance from a boyar Blud, who had become Yaropolk's chief adviser upon the death of Sveneld. Blud betrayed Yaropolk by advising him to flee from Kiev and go into retreat in the town of Rodnya at the mouth of the Ros' River. Vladimir besieged Rodnya and starved Yaropolk into negotiations. Yaropolk trusted Blud and his brother's promises of peace and left for Vladimir's headquarters, where he would be killed in an ambush by two Varangians.
Purported baptism
     "As for contemporary foreign sources, Lambert of Hersfeld records that, on the Easter of 973, the Holy Roman Emperor was visited by envoys from Rus' (legati gentium Ruscorum). In later centuries it was said that Yaropolk also exchanged ambassadors with the Pope. The Chronicon of Adémar de Chabannes and the life of St. Romuald (by Pietro Damiani) document how St. Bruno of Querfurt was sent to Rus' (Latin: Russia) and succeeded in converting a local king (one of three brothers who ruled the land) to Christianity. As both texts are rife with anachronisms, Vladimir Parkhomenko reasons that Bruno's deeds were conflated with those of his predecessors, Adalbert of Prague and several anonymous missionaries active in Eastern Europe during Otto II's reign.[2]
     "Following this line of thought, Alexander Nazarenko suggests that Yaropolk went through some preliminary rites of baptism, but was murdered by his pagan half-brother (whose own rights to the throne were questionable) before he could be formally received in the Christian faith. Any information on Yaropolk's baptism according to the Latin rite would be suppressed by later Orthodox chroniclers, zealous to keep Vladimir's image of the Russian Apostle untarnished for succeeding generations.[3] It is known that Vladimir's son Yaroslav had Yaropolk's bones exhumed, christened and interred in the Church of the Tithes.[4]
Marriage and issue
It is known that Yaropolk was married to a Greek nun. They had one son:
References
1. ???????? ?? ???????????? ??????. http://litopys.org.ua/ipatlet/ipat01.htm
2. Parkhomenko V. Nachalo khristianstva na Rusi: Ocherki iz istorii Rusi IX-X vekov. Poltava, 1913. Page 162.
3. Nazarenko, A. V. (2001). Drevniaia Rus’ na mezhdunarodnykh putiakh: mezhdistsiplinarnye ocherki kul’turnykh, torgovykh, politicheskikh sviazei IX-XII vekov (in Russian). Moscow: Russian History Institute. ISBN 5-7859-0085-8. Pages 339-391.
4. The Notion of "Uncorrupted Relics" in Early Russian Culture, Gail Lenhoff, Christianity and the Eastern Slavs: Slavic cultures in the Middle Ages, Vol. I, ed. B. Gasparov, Olga Raevsky-Hughes, (University of California Press, 1993), 264.⁶ Yaropolk I Sviatoslavich (?) Grand Duke of Kiev was also known as Jaropolk I Swjatowslawitsch Grand Duke of Kiev.⁴

; Per Med Lands: "IAROPOLK Sviatoslavich ([960]-murdered Kiev [980]). The Primary Chronicle names Yaropolk, Oleg and Vladimir as grandsons of Olga[66]. The source which records that Iaropolk was his father´s legitimate son has not yet been identified. He succeeded his father in 972 as IAROPOLK I Grand Prince of Kiev. The Primary Chronicle records that, after he was attacked in Kiev by his half-brother Vladimir, Iaropolk fled to Rodnia near Pecheneg territory. He was murdered when he returned to Kiev to negotiate with Vladimir[67]. The Primary Chronicle records that "the bodies of the two princes Yaropolk and Oleg sons of Sviatoslav" were buried in the Church of the Holy Virgin after being baptised in 1044[68]. m (972) ---. The Primary Chronicle records that Yaropolk had a Greek wife who had been a nun, brought home by his father[69]. She was the mistress of her husband´s brother VLADIMIR I "Velikiy/the Great" Grand Prince of Kiev. The Primary Chronicle records that Vladimir, later Grand Prince of Kiev, had intercourse with his brother's [Yaropolk's] wife "a Greek woman"[70]."
Med Lands cites: He was Grand Duke of Kiev between 972 and 980.^1,2,4

     Oleg Sviatoslavich (?) Grand Duke of Kiev, Prince of Iskorosten was buried in 977 at Vruchiy .³
Oleg Sviatoslavich (?) Grand Duke of Kiev, Prince of Iskorosten died in 977; killed in battle.²
      ; Per Med Lands: "OLEG Sviatoslavich (-killed [976/77], bur Vruchiy). The Primary Chronicle names Yaropolk, Oleg and Vladimir as grandsons of Olga[71]. His father designated him in 972 as ruler in Dereva[72]. The source which records the name of Oleg´s mother, and the fact that he was illegitimate, has not yet been identified. After a dispute with his brother Iaropolk over hunting rights, the latter attacked and defeated Oleg, who was pushed from the bridge leading into Ovruch, and later buried at Vruchiy[73]. The Primary Chronicle records that "the bodies of the two princes Yaropolk and Oleg sons of Sviatoslav" were buried in the Church of the Holy Virgin after being baptised in 1044[74]."
Med Lands cites: He was Prince of Iskorosten between 972 and 977.² He was Grand Duke of Kiev between 972 and 980.¹

     Sviatopolk I (?) Grand Duke of Kiev was Grand Duke of Kiev between 1015 and 1019.¹

     Mstislav I "the Brave" (?) Grand Duke of Kiev, Prince of Tmutarakan, Great Prince of Chernigov was born in 978.² He married Maria (?)²

Mstislav I "the Brave" (?) Grand Duke of Kiev, Prince of Tmutarakan, Great Prince of Chernigov died in 1036.²
      ; [4m.] Mstislav I "the Brave", Pr of Tmutarakan (988-1024), Great Pr of Chernigov (1024-36), *978, +1036; m.Maria N.³ He was Prince of Tmutarakan between 988 and 1024.² He was Grand Duke of Kiev between 1019 and 1036.¹ He was Great Prince of Chernigov between 1024 and 1036.²

     Saint Boris (?) Prince of Rostov was born circa 990.²
Saint Boris (?) Prince of Rostov died between 24 July 1015 and 25 July 1015; murdered.^1,2
      ; [4m.] Saint Boris, Pr of Rostov (1010-15), *ca 990, +murdered 24/25.7.1015; he may have married Aestrid Sveinsdottir of Denmark.² He was Prince of Rostov between 1010 and 1015.²

     Saint Gleb (?) Prince of Murom was born circa 984.²
Saint Gleb (?) Prince of Murom died on 5 August 1015; murdered.^1,2
      ; [4m.] Saint Gleb, Pr of Murom (1010-15), *ca 984, +murdered 5.8.1015.² He was Prince of Murom between 1010 and 1015.²

     Vladimir II Yaroslavich (?) Duke of Novgorod & Galicia was born in 1020 at Novgorod Oblast, Russia (now).^3,4,5,9,10 He married Ode/Oda von Stade, daughter of Lothar-Udo II (?) Graf von Stade, Markgraf der Nordmark,
;
Per Wikipedia article on Vladimir: "The name of Vladimir's consort is uncertain either. According to Nikolai Baumgarten, Vladimir was married to the daughter of count Leopold of Staden, Ode. Others (Aleksandr Nazarenko) disregard that assumption or claim a different person."
Per Wikipedia article on Vladimir's son, Rotislav: "According to the Russian genealogist Nikolai Baumgarten, the mother of Rostislav was Oda of Stade, a daughter of the Stade Count Leopold. That claim is also supported by other historians.[3]"
[3] Kashtanov, S.M. (1994). "Was Oda of Stade a wife of the Grand Prince Sviatoslav Yaroslavich?" (Eastern Europe in antiquity and the Middle Ages: Ancient Ruthenia in a system of ethno-political and cultural relationships. ed.) Moscow: Institute of the Russian history. pp. 16–18. ISBN 5-201-00594-2.^6,9
Vladimir II Yaroslavich (?) Duke of Novgorod & Galicia died on 4 October 1052 at Novgorod Oblast, Russia (now).^3,4,10
Vladimir II Yaroslavich (?) Duke of Novgorod & Galicia was buried after 4 October 1052 at St. Sophia Cathedral, Novgorod, Novgorod Oblast, Ukraine (now); From Find A Grave:
     BIRTH     1020, Novgorod Oblast, Russia
     DEATH     4 Oct 1052 (aged 31–32), Novgorod Oblast, Russia
     Family Members
     Parents
          Prince Yaroslav the Wise 978–1054
          Ingigarth 1004–1050
     Spouse
          Oda Von Stade Yaroslavich
     Siblings
          Anastasia of Kiev 1023–1096
          Iziaslav I Iaroslavich 1024–1078
          Vsevolod Yaroslavich 1030–1083
          Anna Agnesa Yaroslavna 1036–1075
     BURIAL     Saint Sophia's Cathedral, Kiev, City of Kiev, Ukraine
     Created by: lulu
     Added: 21 Nov 2015
     Find A Grave Memorial 155237309.⁴
     ; See attached map of Kievan Rus principalities.

; Per Genealogy.EU: "[2m.] Vladimir II, Pr of Novgorod (1036-52), founder of St.Sophia Cathedral, Novgorod, *ca 1020, +4.10.1052, bur St.Sophia Cathedral, Novgorod"; for his descendants see http://genealogy.euweb.cz/russia/rurik3.html.⁴

; Per Wikipedia:
     "Vladimir Yaroslavich (Old Norse Valdamarr Jarizleifsson;[1] 1020 – October 4, 1052) reigned as prince of Novgorod from 1036 until his death. He was the eldest son of Yaroslav I the Wise of Kiev by Ingigerd, daughter of king Olof Skötkonung of Sweden.[2]
     "In the state affairs he was assisted by the voivode Vyshata and the bishop Luka Zhidiata. In 1042, Vladimir may have been in conflict with Finns, according to some interpretations even making a military campaign in Finland.[3] In the next year he led the Russian armies together with Harald III of Norway against the Byzantine emperor Constantine IX. He predeceased his father by two years and was buried by him in St Sophia Cathedral he had built in Novgorod. His sarcophagus is in a niche on the south side of the main body of the cathedral overlooking the Martirievskii Porch. He is depicted in an early twentieth-century fresco above the sarcophagus and on a new effigial icon on top of the sarcophagus.[4] The details of his death is unknown, however his son Rostislav and his descendants were in unfriendly relationship with the descendants of the Yaroslaviches triumvirate (Iziaslav, Sviatoslav, and Vsevolod). Three of Vladimir's younger brothers Izyaslav I, Svyatoslav II and Vsevolod I all reigned in Kiev, while other two (Igor and Vyacheslav) died in their early twenties after which their lands were split between the Yaroslaviches triumvirate. Coincidentally, the Vyshata of Novgorod pledged his support to Rostislav in the struggle against the triumvirate.
     "Vladimir's only son, Rostislav Vladimirovich, was a landless prince who usurped power in Tmutarakan. His descendants[5] were dispossessed by their uncles and were proclaimed as izgoi (outcast), but gradually managed to establish themselves in Halychyna, ruling the land until 1199, when their line became extinct. In order to downplay their claims to Kiev, the records of Vladimir's military campaigns seem to have been obliterated from Kievan chronicles. As a result, medieval historians often confuse him with two more famous namesakes — Vladimir the Great and Vladimir Monomakh. The name of Vladimir's consort is uncertain either. According to Nikolai Baumgarten, Vladimir was married to the daughter of count Leopold of Staden, Ode. Others (Aleksandr Nazarenko) disregard that assumption or claim a different person.
     "Vladimir's memory was better preserved in foreign sources. In Norse sagas he frequently figures as Valdemar Holti (that is, "the Nimble"). George Cedrenus noticed Vladimir's arrogance in dealing with the Byzantines.
Further reading
* Volkoff, Vladimir. Vladimir, the Russian Viking. Overlook Press, 1985.
References
1. Fagrskinna ch. 67 (Alison Finlay, Fagrskinna: A Catalogue of the Kings of Norway Brill (2004), p. 236)
2. Traditionally, Ingegerd is associated with Anna of Novgorod, who is buried in the cathedral in another niche near Vladimir. However, Soviet archaeologists who opened her sarcophagus found the remains to be that of a woman in her 30s, whereas Ingegard is said to have lived into her fifties. Thus it is thought that Vladimir's mother, Anna, was Yaroslav's first wife and is not the same person as Ingegerd.
3. The first indisputable Novgorodian expedition to Finland was done in 1191. Suomen varhaiskeskiajan lähteitä. Gummerus Kirjapaino Oy, 1989. ISBN 951-96006-1-2. See also "online description of the conflict". Archived from the original on 2007-09-27. from Laurentian Codex as hosted by the National Archive of Finland. In Swedish.
4. T. N. Tsarevskaia, Sofiiskii Sobor v Novgorode.
5. Marek, Miroslav. "His descendants". Genealogy.EU.
6. Coggeshall, Robt W. "Ancestors and Kin" (1988), p 189."⁶

Reference: Genealogics cites: Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag Marburg., Detlev Schwennicke, Editor, Reference: II 128.³ He was Duke of Novgorod & Galicia.²

; Per Genealogics:
     "Vladimir was born in 1020, the eldest son of Jaroslav I Vladimirovitch, grand duke of Kiev, and Ingegerd of Sweden. He reigned as prince of Nowgorod from 1036 until his death.
     "In state affairs he was assisted by the _voivode_ Vyshata and Bishop Luka Zhidiata of Nowgorod. In 1042 Vladimir may have been in conflict with the Finns, according to some interpretations even mounting a military campaign in Finland. In 1043 he led the Russian armies, together with Harald III Sigurdsson Hardråde, king of Norway, against Constantine IX Monomachus, emperor of Byzantium.
     "Vladimir died on 4 October 1052, predeceasing his father by two years. The circumstances of his death are unknown. Had he outlived his father he would have succeeded him in Kiev. Instead his younger brothers Isjaslaw I, Svjatoslav I-II and Vsevolod I, known as the Jaroslavich triumvirate, followed each other as rulers of Kiev. Vladimir was buried in the St. Sophia Cathedral he had built in Nowgorod. He left one son Rostislav Vladimirovitch, who would have progeny."³

; Per Med Lands: "VLADIMIR Iaroslavich (1020-Novgorod 1052, bur Novgorod Church of St Sophia). The Primary Chronicle records the birth of Vladimir son of Iaroslav in 1020[166]. Snorre names "Valdemar, Vissivald and Holte the Bold" as the children of "King Jarisleif" & his wife[167]. His father installed him in 1043 as Prince of Novgorod. He subjugated the Finnic tribe of Yam to secure Novgorod's control over the Gulf of Finland[168]. Psellos records that Vladimir led an attack on Constantinople in [1045], apparently in revenge for the death of a Scythian noble in a brawl, but was defeated and forced to retreat[169]. The Primary Chronicle records the death of Vladimir "Yaroslav's eldest son" at Novgorod in 1052 and his place of burial[170]. As he predeceased his father, his descendants were ignored in the latter's testament and were subsequently considered ineligible to succeed as Grand Princes of Kiev. m --- ([1022]-1066). The name of Vladimir´s wife is not known. Baumgarten identifies the wife of Vladimir as Oda, daughter of Luitpold Graf von Stade & his wife Ida von Elstorf [Brunswick][171]. This is based partially on the Annales Stadenses which name "Odam sanctimonialem de Rinthelen" as daughter of "Lippoldo filio domiine Glismodis" and "Ida [de Elsthorpe]", specifying that she married "regi Ruzie" by whom she had a son "Warteslaw", returning to Saxony with her son after her husband died[172]. The chronology of Oda, daughter of Ida von Elstorf, bearing a son by a husband who died in 1052 is difficult to sustain."
Med Lands cites:
;
Parentage uncertain:
     Genealogics says that she was Oda von Ditmarschen, the dau. of Etheler, Graf von Ditmarschen. Genealogics cites: Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag, Marburg, Schwennicke, Detlev (Ed.) 2:128.
     Wikipedia's article on Sviatoslav says: "Sviatoslav married his second wife, Oda of Stade in about 1065, according to Dimnik.[70] Oda, the daughter of Lothair Udo I, Margrave of the Nordmark, was in some way related to Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor.[71]". However, Wikipedia's article on Sviatoslav's brother, Valdimir, also says the Vladimir married this same Oda van Stade (dauu. of Lothair Udo I).
     Cawley's Medieval Lands discusses the evidence in both cases:
     Vladimir: "The name of Vladimir´s wife is not known. Baumgarten identifies the wife of Vladimir as Oda, daughter of Luitpold Graf von Stade & his wife Ida von Elstorf [Brunswick][171]. This is based partially on the Annales Stadenses which name "Odam sanctimonialem de Rinthelen" as daughter of "Lippoldo filio domiine Glismodis" and "Ida [de Elsthorpe]", specifying that she married "regi Ruzie" by whom she had a son "Warteslaw", returning to Saxony with her son after her husband died[172]. The chronology of Oda, daughter of Ida von Elstorf, bearing a son by a husband who died in 1052 is difficult to sustain."
     Sviatoslav: "...m [KILIKIA] von Dithmarschen, daughter of ETHELER von Dithmarschen & his wife Ida von Elsdorf [Braunschweig]. Baumgarten refers to the marriage of "[Kilikia] de Dithmarschen, fille du Comte Etheler" and Sviatoslav II Grand Prince of Kiev, adding that she was a different person from "Oda von Stade" who married Sviatoslav´s brother Vladimir (see above)[248]. This marriage is also discussed by Bloch[249]. The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified."
Medieval lands cites:
[171] Baumgarten (1927), p. 9, citing Baumgarten, N. de Oda de Stade et son fils Rostislaw, no page reference cited.
[248] Baumgarten (1927), p. 9, citing Baumgarten, N. de Oda de Stade et son fils Rostislaw, no page reference cited, and Lambert Schaffnaumburgensis T. I, 213-22.
[249] Bloch, Raissa 'Verwandtschaftliche Beziehungen des sächsischen Adels zum russischen Fürstenhause im XI. Jahrhundert', Festschrift Albert Brackmann, dargebracht von Freunden, Kollegen und Schülern (Weimar, 1931), pp. 185-206, cited in Szabolcs de Vajay 'Mathilde, Reine de France inconnue', Journal des Savants (Oct-Dec 1971), pp. 241-60, 257 footnote 57.^11,12,6,13 He was
Grand Prince of Novgorod:
Genealogy.EU says reigned 1036-1052; Wikipedia says 1038-1052. between 1036 and 1052.^4,6

     Sviatoslav II Yaroslavich (?) Duke of Chernigov, Prince of Volynia married Kilikia/Cecilia (?)
;
His 1st wife. See Wikipedia article for discussion of Sviatoslav's wives.^3,8,5 Sviatoslav II Yaroslavich (?) Duke of Chernigov, Prince of Volynia was born in 1027.^4,5,8 He married Oda (?) von Stade, daughter of Etheler von Dietmarschen Graf von Ditmarschen and Ida von Elstorf, in 1070
;
His 2nd wife. See Wikipedia article for discussion of Sviatoslav's wives.^9,3,4,8,5
Sviatoslav II Yaroslavich (?) Duke of Chernigov, Prince of Volynia died on 27 December 1076 at Kyiv (Kiev), Ukraine (now); Genealogics says d. 27 Dec 1076; Wikipedia says d. 27 Dec 1077.^2,4,8,5
     ; See attached map of Kievan Rus principalities.

; Per Wikipedia:
     "Sviatoslav II Iaroslavich or Sviatoslav II Yaroslavich (1027 – 27 December 1077 in Kiev) was Grand Prince of Kiev between 1073 and 1077. He was born as a younger son of Grand Prince Yaroslav the Wise. His baptismal name was Nicholas.
     "He ruled the Principality of Vladimir in Volhynia in his father's lifetime (from around 1040 to 1054). Yaroslav the Wise, who divided the Kievan Rus' between his five sons in his testament, willed the Principality of Chernigov to Sviatoslav. Sviatoslav joined his brothers, Iziaslav of Kiev and Vsevolod of Pereyaslav, in forming a princely "triumvirate" that oversaw the affairs of Kievan Rus' until 1072. The three brothers together fought against their enemies, including the nomadic Oghuz Turks, and their distant relative, Prince Vseslav of Polotsk. The Cumans defeated their united force in the autumn of 1068, but Sviatoslav routed a Cuman band plundering his principality.
     "The "triumvirate" broke up, when Sviatoslav, supported by his younger brother Vsevolod, dethroned and replaced their older brother Iziaslav in 1073. He commissioned the compilation of at least two miscellanies of theological works. Otherwise, his short reign was uneventful.
Early life
     "Sviatoslav was the fourth son of Yaroslav the Wise, Grand Prince of Kiev, and his wife, Ingegerd of Sweden.[1] He was born in 1027.[1] The Lyubetskiy sinodik—a list of the princes of Chernigov which was completed in the Monastery of Saint Anthony in Lyubech—writes that his baptismal name was Nicholas.[2]
     "The Russian Primary Chronicle writes that Sviatoslav was staying "at Vladimir"[3] (Volodymyr-Volynskyi, Ukraine) in Volhynia around the time his father fell seriously ill before his death.[4] According to the historian Martin Dimnik, the chronicle's report shows that Yaroslav the Wise had, most probably in about 1040, appointed Sviatoslav to rule this important town of the Kievan Rus'.[5]
     "On his deathbed, Yaroslav the Wise divided the most important towns of his realm among his five sons—Iziaslav, Sviatoslav, Vsevolod, Igor, and Vyacheslav—who survived him.[6][7] To Sviatoslav, he bequeathed Chernigov (Chernihiv, Ukraine).[8] The dying grand prince also ordered that his four younger sons should "heed"[9] their eldest brother, Iziaslav who received Kiev.[7]
Triumvirate
     "Yaroslav the Wise died on 20 February 1054.[10] His three elder sons—Iziaslav of Kiev, Sviatoslav of Chernigov, and Vsevolod of Pereyaslav—decided to jointly govern the Kievan Rus'.[11] Historian Martin Dimnik writes that taking into account Sviatoslav's political and military skills it "is reasonable to assume that he was one of the main motivating forces, if not the actual architect, of many of the policies adopted" by the three brothers.[12] The "triumviri" closely cooperated in the following years.[11] In 1059 they liberated their uncle, Sudislav whom their father had sent to prison around 1035.[13][14] They made a joint expedition "by horse and ship against the Torks"[15] or Oghuz Turks, according to the Russian Primary Chronicle, in 1060.[16] On hearing of the arrival of the Rus' forces, the Torks fled from their lands without resistance.[17]
     "In 1065, Sviatoslav led his troops against his nephew, Rostislav Vladimirovich, who had in the previous year expelled by force Sviatoslav's son, Gleb from Tmutorakan.[18] Upon Sviatoslav's arrival, Rostislav withdrew from this important center of his uncle's domains, but he reoccupied it after Sviatoslav had returned to Chernigov.[19] A distant cousin of the "triumviri", Vseslav Briacheslavich (Prince of Polotsk), attacked Pskov in 1065, according to The Chronicle of Pskov.[20][21] Vseslav Briacheslavich could not take this town, but he seized and plundered Novgorod—which had been ruled by Iziaslav of Kiev's son, Mstislav—in the next winter.[20][22] Izyaslav, Sviatoslav and Vsevolod soon united their forces and set forth against Vseslav, "though it was the dead of winter",[23] according to the Russian Primary Chronicle.[24] They routed Vseslav's army by the Nemiga River (near Minsk) on 3 March 1066.[24] Vseslav, who fled from the battlefield, agreed to enter into negotiations with the "triumviri", but they treacherously captured him at a meeting at Orsha in early June.[21][24]
     "The Cumans, who had emerged as the dominant power of the Pontic steppes in the early 1060s, invaded the southern regions of Kievan Rus' in 1068.[25] The three brothers together marched against the invaders, but the Cumans routed them on the Alta River.[26] From the battlefield, Sviatoslav withdrew to Chernigov and regrouped his troops.[26] He returned to defeat the Cumans with a smaller force at the town of Snovsk on 1 November, thus enhancing his prestige among the populace.[26] In the meantime, the townspeople of Kiev had dethroned and expelled Sviatoslav's brother, Iziaslav.[27] Taking advantage of Iziaslav's absence, Sviatopluk sent his own son, Gleb to Novgorod to rule the town.[28][29]
     "Iziaslav returned at the head of Polish reinforcements.[30] The townspeople of Kiev sent messages to Sviatoslav and Vsevolod, imploring them to come to their "father's city"[31] and defend it, according to the Russian Primary Chronicle.[32] Sviatoslav and Vsevolod requested Iziaslav "not to lead the Poles in attack upon Kiev", stating that "if he intended to nurse his wrath and destroy the city, they would be properly concerned for the ancestral capital".[32][33][30] Iziaslav partially acquiesced: he did not let his Polish allies enter the town, but his retinue slaughtered or mutilated many of his opponents in Kiev.[34] He also attempted to punish Anthony—the founder of the Monastery of the Caves in Kiev—who had supported his enemies, but Sviatoslav gave shelter to the saintly monk in Chernigov.[35]
     "With Iziaslav's return to Kiev, the "triumvirate" was restored.[27] The three brothers together visited Vyshhorod in order to participate in the translation of the relics of their saintly uncles, Boris and Gleb on 3 May 1072.[36] According to The Narrative, Passion, and Encomium of Boris and Gleb, Sviatoslav took Saint Gleb's hand and "pressed it to his injury, for he had pain in his neck, and to his eyes, and to his forehead"[37] before placing it back into the coffin.[38] In short Sviatoslav felt a pain at the top of his head and his servant found a fingernail of the saint under his cap.[38] Most historians agree that the three brothers expanded their father's legal code on this occasion, but the exact date is unknown.[39] [40]
Grand Prince of Kiev
     "According to the Russian Primary Chronicle, "the devil stirred up strife"[41] among the three brothers shortly after the canonization of Saints Boris and Gleb.[42][43] Sviatoslav and Vsevolod united their forces and expelled Iziaslav from Kiev on 22 March 1073.[42] The chronicler put the blame for this action on Sviatoslav, stating that "he was the instigator of his brother's expulsion, for he desired more power".[41][43] The chronicler also states that Sviatoslav had "misled Vsevolod by asserting that" Iziaslav "was entering into an alliance"[41] with Vseslav Briacheslavich against them.[43] Modern historians disagree about the motives of Sviatoslav's action. Franklin and Shepard write that he was driven by "straightforward greed";[44] Martin says that Sviatoslav who seems to have suffered from a grave illness wanted to secure his sons' right to Kiev which would have been lost if Sviatoslav "had predeceased Iziaslav without having ruled"[45] the town. In fact, the Russian Primary Chronicle states that it was Sviatoslav who "ruled in Kiev after the expulsion"[41] of Iziaslav.[46]
     "Initially, the head of the Monastery of the Caves, Feodosy criticized Sviatoslav for usurping the throne.[42][47] However, before his death in May 1074 he was reconciled with the grand prince, who supported the foundation of a stone church dedicated to the Mother of God in Kiev.[44][48] Sviatoslav also supported the compilation of ecclesiastic works. Two izborniki or miscellanies—collections of excerpts from the Bible and from theological works—were completed under his auspices in 1073 and 1076.[49] According to the Izbornik of 1073, Sviatoslav, who is praised as a "new Ptolemy", had by that time collected a great number of spiritual books.[50]
     "Sviatoslav's rule was short and uneventful.[51] His dethroned brother first fled to Poland, but Duke Boleslav II, who was Sviatoslav's son-in-law, expelled him from his lands.[27][52] Next Iziaslav sought the assistance of the German monarch, Henry IV.[42] The latter, in 1075, sent his envoys—including Sviatoslav's brother-in-law, Burchard—to Kiev to collect more information.[53] According to the Russian Primary Chronicle, "in his pride", Sviatoslav "showed them his riches", displaying them "the innumerable quantity of his gold, silver and silks".[54][55] In 1076 Sviatoslav sent reinforcements to Poland to help his son-in-law against the Bohemians.[56]
     "Sviatoslav died on 27 December 1077.[57] The Russian Primary Chronicle writes that "the cutting of a sore"[58] caused his death.[59] He was buried in the Holy Savior Cathedral in Chernigov.[59] Within a year, his elder brother Iziaslav was restored and Sviatoslav's sons lost most parts of his domains.[57][60]
Family
     "According to the Lyubetskiy sinodik, Sviatoslav's wife was Killikiya or Kelikia (Cecilia).[61][62] On the other hand, German chroniclers write that his wife was Oda of Stade, a sister of Burchard, the Provost of Trier and she gave birth to one son.[63] A portrait depicting Sviatoslav and his family in the Izbornik of 1073 shows that he had five sons and four of them were adults at the time their portrait was made.[63] Based on these sources, Sviatoslav married twice.[64]
     "According to Dimnik, Sviatoslav married his first wife, Killikiya between 1043 and 1047.[65] Their first child seems to have been a daughter, Vysheslava.[65] Her eldest brother Gleb became prince of Tmutorakan and later of Novgorod.[66] The second son of Sviatoslav and Killikiya was Oleg, the future prince of Chernigov.[67] Davyd, the future prince of Novgorod and Chernigov was born around 1051.[68] Roman, who became prince of Tmutorakan, was born around 1052.[69]
     "Sviatoslav married his second wife, Oda of Stade in about 1065, according to Dimnik.[70] Oda, the daughter of Lothair Udo I, Margrave of the Nordmark, was in some way related to Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor.[71] She gave birth to Sviatoslav's fifth son, Yaroslav, who later became prince of Murom and Chernigov.[69] After Sviatoslav's death, Oda and her son moved to the Holy Roman Empire.[71]
References (See original Wikipedia article for detailed references at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sviatoslav_II_of_Kiev)
Sources
Primary sources
** The Russian Primary Chronicle: Laurentian Text (Translated and edited by Samuel Hazzard Cross and Olgerd P. Sherbowitz-Wetzor) (1953). Medieval Academy of America. ISBN 978-0-915651-32-0.
** "The Narrative, Passion, and Encomium of Boris and Gleb" In Kantor, Marvin (1983). Medieval Slavic Lives of Saints and Princes. University of Michigan. ISBN 0-930042-44-1.
Secondary sources
** Dimnik, Martin (1994). The Dynasty of Chernigov, 1054–1146. Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies. ISBN 0-88844-116-9.
** Franklin, Simon; Shepard, Jonathan (1996). The Emergence of Rus 750–1200. Longman. ISBN 0-582-49091-X.
** Martin, Janet (1993). Medieval Russia, 980–1584. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-67636-6.
** Raffensperger, Christian (2012). Reimagining Europe: Kievan Rus' in the Medieval World. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-06384-6.
** Vernadsky, George (1948). A History of Russia, Volume II: Kievan Russia. Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-01647-6.
Further reading
** Dimnik, Martin (December 1992), "Sviatoslav and the Eparchy of Chernigov", Canadian Slavonic Papers, 34. (4): 373–390."¹⁰

; [2m.] Svyatoslav II, Pr of Volynia (before 1054), Pr of Chernigov (1054-73), Great Pr of Kiev (1073-76), *ca 1027, +27.12.1076; 1m: Kilikia/Cecilia N; 2m: 1070 Oda von Babenberg, grandniece of Emperor Heinrich III and Pope Leo IX her father Lippold is B1, page 'babenberg.html'm.N, a sister of Archbp Burghard of Trier; for his descendants see http://genealogy.euweb.cz/russia/rurik5.html.³

Reference: Genealogics cites: Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag, Marburg, Schwennicke, Detlev (Ed.) 2:128, 131.⁸

; Per Genealogics:
     "Svjatoslav was born in 1027, the son of Jaroslav I Vladimirovitch, grand duke of Kiev, and Ingegerd of Sweden. He was the prince (Kniaz) of Tschernigov from 1054 to 1073 and grand duke (Veliki Kniaz) of Kiev from 1073 to his death. He was the founder of the Tschernigov princely line.
     "On his father's death in 1054, Svjatoslav joined his brothers Vsevolod and Isjaslaw in forming a kind of princely triumvirate that oversaw the affairs of Kievan Rus' until 1072. In 1067 they defeated Wseslaw of Polatsk on the Nemiga River and took him prisoner. A year later the brothers were defeated by the Polovtsi on the Alta River. Svjatoslav later returned to defeat these steppe nomads with a smaller force at the town of Snov, enhancing his prestige among the populace. The second part of the first Russian legal code Russkaya Pravda is attributed to the brothers.
     "Svjatoslav married twice. Some sources give his first wife as Kilikia, a lady of unknown origin, but possibly a princess from the Caucasus. His second wife, whom he married in 1072, was called Oda. Of his sons, David, Oleg Michael and Jaroslav would have progeny.
     "In 1073 the triumvirate broke up, when Svjatoslav, supported by his younger brother Vsevolod, dethroned and replaced his older brother Isjaslaw. Three years later, Russian scribes compiled the so-called _Izbornik Sviatoslava_ at his request. One of the oldest relics of the Old Wast Slavic language, the book is a compilation of articles on grammar, logic, poetry, church matters, sermons, riddles, and parables. One of the miniatures represents Svjatoslav himself, standing with his second wife Oda and sons.
     "Svjatoslav died in Kiev on 27 December 1076."⁸
;
Parentage uncertain:
     Genealogics says that she was Oda von Ditmarschen, the dau. of Etheler, Graf von Ditmarschen. Genealogics cites: Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag, Marburg, Schwennicke, Detlev (Ed.) 2:128.
     Wikipedia's article on Sviatoslav says: "Sviatoslav married his second wife, Oda of Stade in about 1065, according to Dimnik.[70] Oda, the daughter of Lothair Udo I, Margrave of the Nordmark, was in some way related to Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor.[71]". However, Wikipedia's article on Sviatoslav's brother, Valdimir, also says the Vladimir married this same Oda van Stade (dauu. of Lothair Udo I).
     Cawley's Medieval Lands discusses the evidence in both cases:
     Vladimir: "The name of Vladimir´s wife is not known. Baumgarten identifies the wife of Vladimir as Oda, daughter of Luitpold Graf von Stade & his wife Ida von Elstorf [Brunswick][171]. This is based partially on the Annales Stadenses which name "Odam sanctimonialem de Rinthelen" as daughter of "Lippoldo filio domiine Glismodis" and "Ida [de Elsthorpe]", specifying that she married "regi Ruzie" by whom she had a son "Warteslaw", returning to Saxony with her son after her husband died[172]. The chronology of Oda, daughter of Ida von Elstorf, bearing a son by a husband who died in 1052 is difficult to sustain."
     Sviatoslav: "...m [KILIKIA] von Dithmarschen, daughter of ETHELER von Dithmarschen & his wife Ida von Elsdorf [Braunschweig]. Baumgarten refers to the marriage of "[Kilikia] de Dithmarschen, fille du Comte Etheler" and Sviatoslav II Grand Prince of Kiev, adding that she was a different person from "Oda von Stade" who married Sviatoslav´s brother Vladimir (see above)[248]. This marriage is also discussed by Bloch[249]. The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified."
Medieval lands cites:
[171] Baumgarten (1927), p. 9, citing Baumgarten, N. de Oda de Stade et son fils Rostislaw, no page reference cited.
[248] Baumgarten (1927), p. 9, citing Baumgarten, N. de Oda de Stade et son fils Rostislaw, no page reference cited, and Lambert Schaffnaumburgensis T. I, 213-22.
[249] Bloch, Raissa 'Verwandtschaftliche Beziehungen des sächsischen Adels zum russischen Fürstenhause im XI. Jahrhundert', Festschrift Albert Brackmann, dargebracht von Freunden, Kollegen und Schülern (Weimar, 1931), pp. 185-206, cited in Szabolcs de Vajay 'Mathilde, Reine de France inconnue', Journal des Savants (Oct-Dec 1971), pp. 241-60, 257 footnote 57.^9,11,12,13 He was Prince of Volynia before 1054.³ He was Prince/Duke of Chernigov between 1054 and 1073.^2,3 He was Great Prince of Kiev between 1073 and 1076.⁴

     Vyacheslav (?) Duke of Smolensk married Oda (?), daughter of Leopold (?) of Stadt, circa 1052.³

     ; See attached map of Kievan Rus principalities.

; [2m.] Vyacheslav, Pr of Smolensk (1054-57), *ca 1036, +1057; m.ca 1052 Oda, dau.of Leopold of Stadt (from Saxony ?)³ Vyacheslav (?) Duke of Smolensk was Duke of Smolensk.

     Oleg Michael "Gorislavich" (?) Prince of Novgorod-Sevjersk married unknown (?), daughter of Asaduk (?) Khan of Khumans.⁴
Oleg Michael "Gorislavich" (?) Prince of Novgorod-Sevjersk was born circa 1058.³ He married Theophano Musalonissa in 1083.^6,3

Oleg Michael "Gorislavich" (?) Prince of Novgorod-Sevjersk died on 1 August 1115.^3,4
      ; Leo van de Pas cites: Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag Marburg., Detlev Schwennicke, Editor, Reference: II 131.³

; Oleg "Gorislavich", Pr of Volynsk (1076), Pr of Chernigov (1076-78), Pr of Tmutarakan (1083-94)+(1113-15), Pr of Murom-Riazanj (1096)+(1096-97), +1115; 1m: N, a dau.of Asaduk, Khan of Khumans; 2m: Theofania Muzalon (Oleg spent 4 years in Byzantium 1196-1200.)⁴

; Leo van de Pas and Rurik 5 page disagree as to which of Oleg's wives was the mother of his children. Leo only shows one wife, Theofania, and attributes her as the mother of all the chilldren. Rurik 5 page shows two wives and attributes the first one, "unknown" as the mother of all of his children.⁴ He was Prince of Volynsk in 1076.⁴ He was Prince of Chernigov between 1076 and 1078.⁴ He was Prince of Tmutarakan between 1083 and 1094.⁴ He was Prince of Murom-Riazanj between 1096 and 1097.⁴ He was Prince of Tmutarakan between 1113 and 1115.⁴

     Yaroslav (?) Prince of Murom, Riazanj and Chernigov died in 1130.²
      ; Yaroslav, Pr of Murom (1097-1129), Pr of Riazanj (1097-1123)+(1127-30), Pr of Chernigov (1123-27), +1130; m.NN.² He was Prince of Riazanj between 1097 and 1123.² He was Prince of Murom between 1097 and 1129.² He was Prince of Chernigov between 1123 and 1127.² He was Prince of Riazanj between 1127 and 1130.²

     David (?) died in 1123.²
     He was Prince of Novgorod.²

; Davyd, Pr of Novgorod, Pr of Smolensk (ca 1087/1093-97), Pr of Chernigov (1098-1123), +1123.² He was (an unknown value) between 1087 and 1097.² He was Prince of Chernigov between 1098 and 1123.²

     Izyaslav III (?) Great Prince of Kiev died on 6 March 1161; killed in battle.^1,2
     He was Prince of Chernigov.²

; Izyaslav III, Pr of Chernigov (?-1160), Great Pr of Kiev (1155)+(1157-59)+(1159-60/61), +k.a.6.3.1161.² He was Great Prince of Kiev in 1155.² He was Great Prince of Kiev between 1157 and 1159.² He was Great Prince of Kiev between 1159 and 1161.²

     Vsevolod II Olegovich (?) Grand Duke of Kiev married Marija Mstislawna (?) of Kiev, daughter of Mstislav I Vladimirovich (Harald) "the Great" (?) Grand Prince of Kiev and Kristina Ingesdotter (Christina) (?) of Sweden, between 1116 and 1125.^3,6

Vsevolod II Olegovich (?) Grand Duke of Kiev died on 1 August 1146.^1,2,3,5
      ; Vsevolod II, Pr of Chernigov (1127-39), Great Pr of Kiev (1139-46), +1.8.1146; m.N, a dau.of Great Pr Mstislav of Kiev.³ EDV-27.

; Leo van de Pas cites: Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag Marburg., Detlev Schwennicke, Editor, Reference: II 131.⁵ He was Prince of Chernigov between 1127 and 1139.³ He was Grand Duke of Kiev between 1139 and 1146.^2,3

     Saint Igor/Ingvaar (?) Great Prince of Kiev was born in 1096.²
Saint Igor/Ingvaar (?) Great Prince of Kiev died on 19 September 1147; murdered in monastery.^1,2
      ; [1m.] Saint Igor II (Ingvaar), Pr of Kursk (1115-27), Pr of Chernigov (1139-46), Great Pr of Kiev (1146-47), *1096, +murdered in monastery 19.9.1147.² He was Prince of Kursk between 1115 and 1127.² He was Prince of Chernigov between 1139 and 1146.² He was Great Prince of Kiev between 1146 and 1147.²

     Svyatoslav Vladimirovitch (?) Prince of Tschernigov, Smolensk and Perejaslavl was born circa 1080.³
Svyatoslav Vladimirovitch (?) Prince of Tschernigov, Smolensk and Perejaslavl died on 16 March 1114.^2,3
     He was Prine of Smolensk.³

; Sviatoslav, Pr of Smolensk (?-1113), Pr of Pereyaslavl (1113-14), *ca 1080, +1114.³

; Leo van de Pas cites: Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag Marburg., Detlev Schwennicke, Editor, Reference: II 135.² He was Prince of Pereyaslavl between 1113 and 1114.³

     Mstislav II Iziaslavich Chabry (?) Grand Duke of Kiev was born circa 1125.⁵ He married Agnieszka (?) of Poland, daughter of Boleslaw III Krzywousty (?) King of Poland and Salome (?) von Berg-Schelklingen, between 1151 and 1152.^10,4,11,12,5

Mstislav II Iziaslavich Chabry (?) Grand Duke of Kiev died on 19 August 1172; Louda & Maclagan and Genealogics say d. 1172; Enc. of World History says d. ca 1169; Genealogy.EU Piast 1 page says d. 19.8.1170.^1,2,4,5
     Reference: Genealogics cites: EDV-25.

; Per Genealogics:
     "Mstislaw II Chabry was the son of Isjaslaw II, grand duke of Kiev, and the daughter of the emperor-elect Konrad III von Schwaben, Herzog von Franken, and his first wife Gertrud von Komburg. About 1151 Mstislaw married Agniezka of Poland, daughter of Boleslaw III Krzywousty, king of Poland, and his second wife Salome von Berg-Schelklingen. They had three sons of whom Roman and Wsewolod would have progeny.
     "Along with his father, Mstislaw participated in the wars against Youri Dolgoruki, prince of Rostow and Suzdal, and the Chernigov princes. After an initial victory against the Cumans in 1153, Mstislaw was defeated by them at the Pysol river.
     "After Isjaslaw II's death in 1154, Youry Dolgoruki forced Mstislaw to flee to Poland in 1155, but the next year he returned with a new army and defeated Dolgoruki at Volodymyr-Volynsky. Dolgoruki died in 1157, and Mstislaw had himself crowned at Volodymyr-Volynsky as its _kniaz_ (prince). He ruled Volynia from 1157 to 1170. In May 1168, after the death of his uncle, Isjaslaw II's brother Rostislav I, Mstislaw became Grand Duke of Kiev.
     "However Mstislaw II's reign in Kiev was short-lived, in December 1169 a great coalition of Rurikid princes, led by Youri Dolgoruki's son Andrei I Bogolyubsky, prince of Vladimir-Suzdal, and his son Mstislav, was formed against him. Unable to defend Kiev, Mstislaw II fled to Volynia, leaving his family at the mercy of his enemies. Two months later (in February 1170), Mstislaw II was able to recover Kiev thanks to its citizens, who favoured his rule, but in April of that year he was again expelled from Kiev, this time for good. The deposed grand duke retired to his domains in Volynia, where he died on 13 August 1172."⁵

; Per Wikipédia (Fr.):
     "Mstislav Iziaslavitch (en russe : ???????? ????????? et en ukrainien : ???????? ?????????), dit Mstislav II Chobry2, est un Grand-prince du Rus' de Kiev de la dynastie des Riourikides (né vers 1125 et mort le 19 août 11703), qui régna de 1157 à 1158, puis de 1167 à 1169 et enfin de 1169 à 1170.
     "Fils d'Iziaslav II et d'Agnes von Staufen, il est également prince de Pereïaslavl (sous le nom de Mstislav Ier) de 1146 à 1149 et de 1151 à 1154, ainsi que prince de Volhynie de 1157 à 1170.
Biographie
     "Avec son père, descendant en ligne droite de Vladimir Monomaque, il participe aux guerres contre son grand-oncle Iouri Dolgorouki et contre les princes de Tchernigov. Il défait ensuite les Polovtses en 1153, avant d'être ensuite battu par ces derniers lors d'une nouvelle bataille près de la rivière Psiol.
     "Après la mort de son père en 1154, Iouri Dolgorouki le bat et le force ensuite à fuir de Loutsk vers la Pologne en 1155, avant que Mstislav ne parvienne à retourner dans la Rus' de Kiev, en Volhynie, l'année suivante avec une nouvelle armée pour battre Dolgorouki à Volodymyr-Volynskyï. Il s'occupe alors de fortifier la Volhynie dont il est depuis peu devenu le nouveau prince. Peu après la mort de Dolgorouki, il est couronné nouveau grand-prince de Kiev.
     "Préférant vivre dans la ville de Vladimir, Mstislav II donne le trône de Kiev en 1158 à son oncle Rostislav Ier qui devient pour la seconde fois le grand-prince de Kiev en 1159. Il aide ensuite son oncle Rostislav dans ses luttes pour le trône, notamment contre son cousin et grand prince Iziaslav III, qui finit battu et tué par l'alliance de ces derniers le 6 mars 1161 lors d'une bataille à Belgorod.
     "À partir de 1163, il gouverne avec lui puis lui succède après sa mort en 1167. Il devient alors très apprécié des kiéviens. À partir du 14 avril 1168, son fils Roman II commence régner sur la ville de Novgorod, envoyé là-bas par son père pour mieux assujettir son autorité.
     "En 1169, il se rend à nouveau maître de la ville, et l'année d'après, le fils de Iouri Dolgorouki, André Ier Bogolioubski, lui reprend Kiev et le chasse de la ville. Il meurt en exil en Volhynie le 19 août 1170.
Famille
Union et descendance
     "En 1151, il épouse Agnieszka (en)4 (1137 - après 1182), fille de Boleslas III le grand-duc de Pologne, dont il a trois enfants :
     "Il eut également un autre fils, Sviatoslav, l'aîné de tous (mort vers 1183) dont certaines sources affirment qu'il serait né hors-mariage.
Article connexe
** Liste des souverains de Kiev: https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste_des_souverains_de_Kiev
Notes et références
1. De son nom de baptême Théodore.
2. Chobry signifiant « le brave ».
3. Certaines sources mentionnent 1172.
4. Ou Agnès de Pologne.
5. D'autres sources indiquent Prince Ingvar de Suède."


Per Wikipedia:
     "Mstislav II Izyaslavich (Ukrainian: ???????? ?????????; Russian: ???????? ?????????) (died 19 August 1170) was the prince of Pereyaslav and Volodymyr-Volynsky and grand prince of Kiev (1167–1169, 1170).
     "Mstislav was the son of Grand Prince Iziaslav II of Kiev. Along with his father, he participated in the wars against Yury Dolgoruky and the Chernigov princes. After an initial victory against the Cumans in 1153, Mstislav was defeated by the Cumans at the Psyol river. Yury Dolgoruky forced him to flee to Poland in 1155, but the next year Mstislav returned with a new army and defeated Dolgoruky at Volodymyr-Volynsky. Dolgoruky died in 1157, and Mstislav had himself crowned at Volodymyr-Volynsky.
     "In 1169, Kiev was sacked by Andrey Bogolyubsky who removed Mstislav as grand prince.[1] Mstislav passed his exile in Byzantium and during the reign of Emperor Manuel I Komnenos, was rewarded the district of Otskalana.[2]
     "In 1151 Mstislav married Agnes, the daughter of Duke Boleslaus III of Poland.[3] They had three sons:
     "His death is reported in 1172 in the book Heraldry of the Royal Families of Europe, Jiri Louda and Michael Maclagan. Clarkson N Potter, New York 1981 in Table 135
References
1. Janet Martin, Treasure of the Land of Darkness: The Fur Trade and Its Significance for Medieval Russia, (Cambridge University Press, 1986), 127.
2. Rus'-Byzantine Princely Marriages in the Eleventh and Twelfth Centuries, Alexander Kazhdan, Harvard Ukrainian Studies, Vol. 12/13, Proceedings of the International Congress Commemorating the Millennium of Christianity in Rus'-Ukraine (1988/1989), 414.
3. Nora Berend, Przemys?aw Urba?czyk and Przemys?aw Wiszewski, Central Europe in the High Middle Ages: Bohemia, Hungary and Poland, c.900–c.1300, (Cambridge University Press, 2013), 226.
Other
** House of Rurik: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rurik_dynasty."^13,14

; Per Med Lands:
     "AGNIESZKA ([1137/38]-after 1182). The Translatio Manus sancti Stephani names "filiam suam [=Salome uxor [Bolezlai Bolionorum ducis] Agnetam"[263]. The Chronicon Polono-Silesiacum names "primogenitum sororis sue [=Mieszko III] nomine Romanum patrem Danielis", but does not specify which sister was his mother, when recording Mieszko's military campaign to help restore Roman in Galicia[264]. Baumgarten names and records the parentage of the wife of Mstislav and cites sources in support[265].
     "m ([1151/52]) MSTISLAV Iziaslavich Prince of Vladimir in Volynia, son of IZIASLAV II Mstislavich Grand Prince of Kiev & his second wife --- of Lithuania (-13 Aug [1172]). He succeeded in 1168 as MSTISLAV II "Chabry" Grand Prince of Kiev."
Med Lands cites:

; Per Genealogy.EU (Piast): "G14. [2m.] Agnieszka, *1137/38, +after 1182; m.1151/52 Great Pr Mstislav II of Kiev (+1170/72)"

Per Genealogy.EU (Rurikid 9): "A1. Mstislav II, Pr of Pereyaslav (1146-49)+(1151-55), Pr of Lutzk (1155-57), Pr of Volynya (1157-70), Great Pr of Kiev (V.1167-XII.1169)+(II.1170-IV.1170), +19.8.1170; m.1151/52 Agnieszka of Poland (*1137 +after 1181.)^15,16" He was Prince of Pereyaslavl between 1146 and 1149.⁴ He was Prince of Pereyaslavl between 1151 and 1155.⁴ He was Prince of Lutzk between 1155 and 1157.⁴ He was Prince of Volynya between 1157 and 1170.⁴ He was Grand Duke of Kiev between 1167 and 1169.¹