Person Page - 1900

     Rikdag (?) Margraf von Meissen died in 985.²
     Reference: Per Wikipedia:
     "Rikdag, also called Ricdag, Riddag, or Rihdag (died 985), was Margrave of Meissen from 979 until his death. In 982, he also acquired the marches of Merseburg and Zeitz. After the Great Slav Rising in 983, he temporarily reunited all of the southern marca Geronis under his command. His march included the territory of the Chutizi and Dolomici tribes.
Life
     "Rikdag possibly is a progenitor of the House of Wettin, the son of Volkmar I (d. before 961), a Saxon count in the Harzgau. He is mentioned as a agnatic relative of Theodoric I of Wettin, who was raised at the Meissen court, however, the exact circumstances of their family relationship are not known.
     "Ricdag's daughter, Oda or Hunilda, married Boleslaus I Chrobry, who later became the King of Poland. However, this marriage alliance was cut short by the interests of power politics.
     "Rikdag was documented as a count in the Schwabengau region of Eastphalia. In 979 he followed Margrave Thietmar in the Margraviate of Meissen and in 982 was enfeoffed with the Merseburg and Zeitz marches, succeeding both Margrave Gunther and Margrave Wigger I.
     "In 983, following word of the defeat of Emperor Otto II at the Battle of Stilo against the Kalbid Emirate of Sicily, the Slavic tribes bordering eastern Saxony rebelled. The episcopal seats of Havelberg and Brandenburg were destroyed and the March of Zeitz devastated. Ricdag and Dietrich of the Nordmark joined with the troops of Gisilher, Archbishop of Magdeburg and the Bishop of Halberstadt and defeated the Slavs at Belkesheim, near Stendal. Nevertheless, the Germans were once again limited to the land west of the Elbe.
     "In 985, Ricdag and his sister, Eilsuit, founded the nunnery of Gerbstedt, in which he was buried and she was first abbess. Ricdag's and Dietrich's deaths in that same year were a severe setback on the middle border. By an unnamed wife, Ricdag, beside the aforementioned Oda, left a son and another daughter: Charles (died 28 April 1014), who was count in the Schwabengau in 992 and who was unjustly deprived of his benefices because of false accusations, and Gerburga (died 30 October 1022), who was later abbess of Quedlinburg.
References
** Thompson, James Westfall. Feudal Germany, Volume II. New York: Frederick Ungar Publishing Co., 1928.²

; Per Med Lands: "RICDAG (-985, bur Gerbstedt). Markgraf [von Meissen] 979/985. Markgraf von Merseburg und Zeitz 982/985. Graf im Schwabengau 985. Markgraf in Chutizi und Dalaminze. The Annalista Saxo records that "Ricdagus cum sorore sua nomine Eilsuit" founded the abbey of Gerbstedt in 985 and that Ricdag was buried there “cum filio suo Karolo”[112]. The necrology of Fulda records the death in 985 of "Rihdag com"[113]. m ---. The name of Ricdag's wife is not known."
Med Lands cites: Rikdag (?) Margraf von Meissen was also known as Ricdag (?) Markgraf von Meissen.³ He was Margrave of Meissen between 979 and 985.²

     Oda (?) von Meissen married Boleslaw I "Chrobry" (?) King of Poland, son of Mieszko I Dagon (?) King of Poland and Dobrava/Dubrawka (?) Princess of Bohemia, on 3 February 1018 at Burg Czicania
;
His 4th wife.^1,2,7,5
Oda (?) von Meissen died in 1025.^1,2,5
     ; Per Med Lands:
     "BOLES?AW of Poland, son of MIESZKO I Prince of Poland & his [second] wife Dobrava [Dobroslawa] of Bohemia ([967]-17 Jun 1025). The Chronicæ Polanorum names "Boleslavum" as son of "Meschonem [et] Dubrovcam"[79]. The Annales Kamenzenses name "Bolezlaum Magnum" as son of "Mesco…rex Polanorum" and his wife "Danbrovcam filiam ducis Boemie", born in 967[80]. The Annales Polanorum date the birth of "Boleslaus Chabri" in 967[81]. His father left him as a hostage at the German court after the Quedlinburg mediation of 973 following Prince Mieszko's defeat of Hodo Markgraf der Ostmark[82]. He succeeded his father in 992 as BOLES?AW I "Chrobry/the Brave" Prince of Poland. On his accession, he expelled his stepmother and half-brothers from Poland[83]. He offered safe passage through Poland for St Adalbert, expelled as Bishop of Prague, who entered Prussia to convert the pagans. After Adalbert's martyrdom in Apr 997, Boles?aw ransomed his body for its weight in gold and buried it in Gniezno cathedral[84]. In 1000, Emperor Otto III visited Gniezno, recognised Polish independence, and established the archbishopric of Gniezno as an independent church metropolis covering the whole of Poland, on the authority of a special bull issued by Pope Sylvester II[85]. After the election in 1002 of Heinrich II as King of Germany, a group of German nobles tried to assassinate Prince Boles?aw[86], triggering the Polish-German war which lasted until 1016. During the course of this, Boles?aw occupied Meissen, was invited into Prague by the population, deposed Boleslav III Duke of Bohemia, and installed his brother as duke in his place. After his brother died, Boles?aw assumed the position of duke of Bohemia himself until 1004 when he was driven out of Bohemia by Heinrich II King of Germany[87]. He captured Lausitz in 1007, confirmed in peace meetings at Merseburg in 1013 and Bautzen in 1018[88]. After the Polish-Russian war of 1013, peace was confirmed by the marriage of Duke Boles?aw's daughter to the Grand Prince of Kiev, and in [1017] Prince Boles?aw asked for the hand in marriage of the daughter of Grand Prince Vladimir, wishing to strengthen the bond between Poland and Russia, but this was refused[89]. He helped restore his son-in-law in Kiev in Jul/Aug 1018, forcing the temporary retreat of Iaroslav Vladimirovich to Novgorod[90]. After the death in 1024 of Emperor Heinrich II, with whom Prince Boles?aw had always had poor relations, Pope John XIX agreed to grant Boles?aw a royal crown and he was crowned King of Poland in 1024. The necrology of Lüneburg records the death "17 Jun" of "Bolizlauus dux"[91]. The Breve chronicon Silesiæ records the death in 1025 of "Bolezlaus magnus"[92].
     "m firstly ([984], divorced [985/86]) --- [von Meissen], daughter of RICDAG Markgraf [von Meissen] & his wife ---. The Annales Kamenzenses record the marriage of "Bolezlaus Magnus" in 984, presumably referring to his first marriage, but do not name his wife[93]. Thietmar records that Boleslaw married "the daughter of Markgraf Rikdag but later sent her away"[94].
     "m secondly (end 985, divorced [986/87]) [--- of Hungary, daughter of GÉZA Prince of Hungary & his first wife Sarolt of Transylvania]. Thietmar records that Boleslaw married "a Hungarian woman" after repudiating his first wife but "also sent her away"[95]. The primary source which confirms her parentage has not so far been identified, but it is chronologically plausible for her to have been the daughter of Prince Géza. This marriage probably ended because of the deterioration in political relations between Poland and Hungary[96].
     "[m thirdly ([987/92]) HODICA, daughter of BILLUG Prince of the Obotrites & his wife ---. Helmold names "Hodicam" as the daughter of "regulus Obotritorum…Billug" and his wife, recording that her maternal uncle installed her as abbess of Mecklenburg[97]. Helmold records in a later passage that "Missizlaus, Obotritorum princeps…sororem suam…Hodicam" was removed from her monastery to marry Boles?aw of Poland, while many other nuns were sent "in terram Wilzorum sive Ranorum" and the monastery dissolved[98]. This is the only source so far identified which refers to this marriage of Prince Boles?aw.]
     "m [thirdly/fourthly] (987) EMNILDA, daughter of DOBROMIR [ruler of Lausitz and the lands of the Milseni][99] (-1017). Thietmar names "Emnilde a daughter of the venerable lord Dobromir" as third wife of Boleslaw[100]. The Chronica principum Polonie records that "Boleslaus" married "felix mulier et prudens" (unnamed), by whom he fathered "filium Meziconem secundum" in 990, in 984[101].
     "m [fourthly/fifthly] (Burg Cziczani 3 Feb 1018) ODA von Meissen, daughter of EKKEHARD I Markgraf von Meissen & his wife Schwanehild [Billung] (-1025). Thietmar records the marriage of "Oda, Markgraf Ekkehard's daughter" and Boleslav in Zützen in 1018 "after septuagesima" (2 Feb)[102]. The chronicler adds the comment "until now she has lived outside the law of matrimony and thus in a manner worthy only of a marriage such as this one", which suggests a reputation for moral dissolution.
Med Lands cites:

; Per Med Lands: "ODA (-1025). Thietmar records the marriage of "Oda, Markgraf Ekkehard's daughter" and Boleslav in Zützen in 1018 "after septuagesima" (2 Feb)[154]. The chronicler adds the comment "until now she has lived outside the law of matrimony and thus in a manner worthy only of a marriage such as this one", which suggests a reputation for moral dissolution. m (Burg Cziczani 3 Feb 1018) as his [fourth/fifth] wife, BO?ESLAW I "Chrobry" Prince of Poland, son of MIESZKO I Prince of Poland & his second wife Dobrava [Dobroslawa] of Bohemia ([967]-17 Jun 1025). He declared himself King of Poland in 1024."
Med Lands cites: [154] Thietmar 8.1, p. 361.⁵

Reference: Genealogics cites: Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag Marburg., Detlev Schwennicke, Editor, Reference: I.1:143.⁴

     Uta (?) married Ekkehard II (?) Markgraf von Meissen.¹

Uta (?) died before 23 October 1046.¹
      ; Uta, +23.10.before 1046; m.Ekkehard II Markgraf von Meissen.¹

     Unknown (?) of Hungary was born in 971.² She married Sizzo (?) Count in Thuringia before 985.¹

      ; Per Med Lands: " [daughter ([971]-). Her origin is suggested by her supposed son Günther the monk being shown as nepos of István King of Hungary in Europäische Stammtafeln[274]. According to the late 11th century Vita Guntheri, Günther was (less precisely) "Stephani regis Ungarorum, ipsius venerabilis viri cognati"[275]. According to Kosztolnyik[276], it was after visiting the court of King István that Günther decided to become a hermit, which seems to exclude the possibility that his mother was the king's sister. It should be remembered that the early 11th century witnessed an influx of foreign monks into Hungary, invited to convert the population to Christianity, a process which may have been favoured by creating propaganda about supposed relationships between these foreigners and the king. m (shortly before 985) [SIZZO] Graf in Thuringia & his wife ---.]"
Med Lands cites:

; a daughter; m.shortly before 985 Sizzo, Count in Thuringia.¹

     Sizzo (?) Count in Thuringia married unknown (?) of Hungary, daughter of Géza (?) Prince of Hungary and Sarolta (?) von Siebenburgen, before 985.¹

     Unknown (?) of Hungary was born in 973.² She married Gavriil-Radomir (?) Tsar of the Bulgarians, son of Samuel I (?) Tsar of the Bulgarians and Agatha Chryselie, in 987
; Arpad 1 page says m. 987; Balkan 8 page says m. ca 973.^2,3 Unknown (?) of Hungary and Gavriil-Radomir (?) Tsar of the Bulgarians were divorced in 988; repudiated.^1,2
Unknown (?) of Hungary died after 988.^1,2
      ; a daughter, +after 988; m.987 (he repudiated her 988) Gabriel-Radomir, Tsar of the Bulgarians.¹

     Gavriil-Radomir (?) Tsar of the Bulgarians was born circa 970.² He married unknown (?) of Hungary, daughter of Géza (?) Prince of Hungary and Sarolta (?) von Siebenburgen, in 987
; Arpad 1 page says m. 987; Balkan 8 page says m. ca 973.^5,2 Gavriil-Radomir (?) Tsar of the Bulgarians and unknown (?) of Hungary were divorced in 988; repudiated.^1,5 Gavriil-Radomir (?) Tsar of the Bulgarians married Irene (?) in 988.²

Gavriil-Radomir (?) Tsar of the Bulgarians died in 1015.²
      ; Gavriil Radomir, Tsar of the Bulgarians (1014-15), *ca 970, +1015; 1m: ca 973 (repudiated) N, a dau.of Pr Geza of Hungary; 2m: 988 Irene N (+murdered 1015.)²

; Per Med Lands:
     "GAVRIIL RADOMIR (-murdered Autumn 1015). Zonaras records that "Gabrielem filium, qui et Romanus dicebatur" succeeded Samuil in "principatu Bulgarorum" but one year later was killed by "frater patruelis, Aaronis filius Uladisthlavus Joannis"[138]. He succeeded his father in 1014 as GAVRIIL RADOMIR Tsar of Bulgaria. Cedrenus records that Emperor Basileios II sent "Constantinum Diogenem…in regionem Moglenorum" to defeat Gavriil Radomir Tsar of the Bulgarians[139]. Cedrenus records that "filius Gabrielus qui et Romanus dicebatur" succeeded Samuil but was poisoned by "Joanne, qui et Bladisthlabus, filio Aaronis" after ruling for one year[140]. Lupus Protospatarius records that "Samuel rex" died in 1015 and was succeeded by his son, but that the latter was killed in 1016 by "suo consobrino filio Aronis" who reigned in his place[141].
     "m firstly ([973], repudiated 988) --- of Hungary, daughter of GEZA Prince of Hungary & his first wife Sarolt of Transylvania. The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not been identified.
     "m secondly (988) IRINA, daughter of --- (-murdered Autumn 1015). The primary source which confirms her marriage has not been identified. She was a slave at Larissa in 986. Cedrenus confirms that "eiusque uxorem" was killed by "Joanne" at the same time as her husband[142]."
Med Lands cites:

     Otto (?) died; died young.¹ He was born before 1002.¹

     Argyra (?) died after 1031.¹
      ; Argyra (+after 1031), dau.of Emperor Romanos III of Byzantium.¹

      ; Per Med Lands: "[daughter . She is shown in Europäische Stammtafeln[292] as the possible daughter of Prince Géza by his second marriage but the basis for this speculation is not known. She became a nun as SKOLASZTIKA [Scholastica]. Abbess of Somlóvàsárhely.]"
Med Lands cites.²

; a nun.¹

     Leopold (?) Markgraf der Ungarnmark died in 1043 at Ingelheim.¹
     GAV-27.

     Ida von Elstorf married Lothar-Udo II (?) Graf von Stade, Markgraf der Nordmark, son of Siegfried II (?) Graf von Stade and Adela/Ethela von Alsleben,
;
Her 1st husband.^2,3 Ida von Elstorf married Dedo von Dietmarschen Graf von Dietmarschen in 1055
;
Her 2nd husband.^2,4 Ida von Elstorf married Etheler von Dietmarschen Graf von Ditmarschen in 1058
;
Her 3rd husband.^2,5,3
Ida von Elstorf died before 4 May 1082.²
     GAV-27. GAV-29.

Reference: Genealogics cites: Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag, Marburg, Schwennicke, Detlev (Ed.) 1.1:84.³ Ida von Elstorf was also known as Ida von Elsthorpe.⁶ Ida von Elstorf was also known as Ida von Elsdorf.³

; Per Med Lands:
     "[IDA "von Elstorf" (-before 4 May 1082). The Annales Stadenses name "Ida nobilis femina de Suevia nata, in villa Elsthorpe" as "filia fratris imp. Heinrici III, filia quoque sororis Leonis papa qui et Bruno"[33]. It is probable that “fratris imp. Heinrici III” was Liudolf von Braunschweig, the only known [half-]brother of Emperor Heinrich III whose wife is not otherwise recorded in other primary sources. If that is correct, the reference to Ida’s Swabian origin (“de Suevia nata”) is difficult to explain, unless it was intended to indicate the Alsacian origin of her maternal family. Dobertin considers it “credible” (“glaubhaft”) that Ida was the step-daughter, rather than daughter, of Liudolf[34]. However, the need to add the phrase “filia fratris imp. Heinrici III” in the Annales Stadenses is not obvious if this statement was factually incorrect. In any case, the chronology is not ideal for Ida to have been born from either an otherwise unrecorded earlier or later marriage of her mother: in the case of an earlier marriage, Ida would have been old to have given birth to [three] children by her second/third husband, and if a later marriage the chronology appears tight for her to have had two children by her first husband (assuming that his death is correctly dated as shown below). Elstorf is located west of Hamburg near Buxtehude, south-east of Stade. No other reference has been found in primary sources to Elstorf being linked to any medieval noble family. The significance of “von Elstorf” in this extract from the Annales Stadenses has not been ascertained. In particular it is not known whether it represents property inherited by Ida from either her paternal or maternal family or from one of her husbands. After her death, Ida’s properties passed to the family of the Grafen von Stade (see the document SAXONY NOBILITY) under unusual circumstances as will be explained. The Annales Stadenses records that Ida [von Elstorf] had "filium Ecbertum comitem" who was killed by "primus Udo marchio...cognatus suus" at “Wistede prope Elstorpe”, adding that Ida found herself without heirs (“orbata heredibus”), visited “avunculum suum papam Leonem” (therefore before Apr 1054), and following his recommendation adopted “ipsum Udonem” as her son and appointed him as her heir (listing properties which she granted him during her lifetime), a later passage clarifying that “predictum Udonem marchionem primum” was Ida’s successor after she died (“Ida ergo mortua...”)[35]. This text presents chronological difficulties. A literal interpretation of “primus Udo marchio” would indicate Lothar Udo [II] Graf von Stade, who succeeded as Markgraf der Nordmark in 1056 and died the following year so could not have been appointed by Ida as her heir. Presumably therefore his son Lothar Udo [III], who succeeded his father as Lothar Udo II Markgraf der Nordmark and died in 1082, was intended. However, that interpretation is inconsistent with Ida von Elstorf taking advice from her uncle Pope Leo IX (who died in Apr 1054). That part of the report must be factually incorrect, the only safe conclusion being that Ekbert predeceased his mother some time before 1082. This passage in the Annales Stadenses specifies that Ida predeceased Markgraf Lothar Udo, therefore died before 4 May 1082.]
     "m firstly LUITPOLD Graf von Stade, son of --- & his wife Glismode --- (-[before 1055]). The Annales Stadenses name "Lippoldo filio domine Glismodis" as husband of "Ida [de Elsthorpe]", specifying that they were parents of "Odam sanctimonialem de Rinthelen"[36]. He is identified in Europäischen Stammtafeln[37] as Liutpold der Ostmark, son of Adalbert "der Siegreiche" Markgraf der Ostmark [of Austria] & his first wife --- (-Ingelheim 9 Dec 1043, bur Trier)[38]. Presumably this is based firstly on the Annales Stadenses which name "Lippoldo filio domine Glismodis" as husband of "Ida [de Elsthorpe]"[39], and secondly on the Vita Meinwerci which names "Thiedericum, Meinwercum, Glismod et Azelam" as children of Immed & Athela, specifying that Glismod married "nobilis principis in Baioaria"[40], although there is no evidence linking the second with the first. The fact that Ida von Elstorf had children by her first husband, if correct, also indicates that that this co-identity cannot be right[41].
     "m secondly ([1055]) DEDO Graf von Dietmarschen, son of ---. The Annales Stadenses name "comitem Dedonem et comitem Ethelerum Album" as the two husbands of Ida after "Lippoldo filio domiine Glismodis", specifying that both were killed "in Thietmarschia"[42].
     "m thirdly ([1058]) ETHELER Graf von Dietmarschen, son of ---. The Annales Stadenses name "comitem Dedonem et comitem Ethelerum Album" as the two husbands of Ida after "Lippoldo filio domiine Glismodis", specifying that both were killed "in Thietmarschia"[43]."
Med Lands cites:

     Laszlo/Ladislas "the Bald" (?) Duke between March and Gran married Premislava (?) of Kiev, daughter of Saint Vladimir/Volodimir I Svyatoslavich "Velikiy/the Great" (?) Prince of Novgorod, Grand Duke of Kiev and Rogneda/Ragnheid Ragnvaldsdottir (?) of Norway/Princess of Polotsk, circa 1000.^1,3

Laszlo/Ladislas "the Bald" (?) Duke between March and Gran died in 1029.^1,3
      ; László (Ladislas "the Bald"), Duke between March and Gran, +1029; m.ca 1000 Premislavna (+ca 1015), dau.of Great Prince Wladimir I of Kiev.¹

     Bonuslo (?) Duke between March and Gran died in 1048.¹

     Levente (?) was born circa 1015.¹
Levente (?) died between 1046 and 1047.¹
      ; the last member of this family never to become a Christian.¹

      ; Per Med Lands: "son. The Chronicon Dubnicense records that "rex Andreas" had one son "Georgium" by "concubina…quam habuit de villa Morouth"[403]. He was baptised in [1037/38] in Kiev as IURI [George][404]. According to Europäische Stammtafeln, he went to Scotland in 1055, where he is alleged to have been the ancestor of the Drummond family[405]. If this is correct, it is surprising that this Hungarian origin is not mentioned either in The Complete Peerage[406] or in Burke's Dormant and Extinct Peerages[407]. It is stated in Burke's Peerage & Baronetage[408] that the Drummond family "allegedly migrated from Hungary to Scotland in the 11th century" but no details of the alleged ancestry are given earlier than Sir Malcolm Drummond (early 14th century). In any case, it is unclear why the king of Hungary's eldest son, whose eventual succession prospects must have been good despite the rule of primogeniture not having been established to govern the Hungarian succession, would have left his country in this way."
Med Lands cites:

; illegitimate.¹

; György, who, according to Europaeische Stammtafeln, went to Scotland in 1055 and became ancestor of the Drummond family. E.S.cites a 1959 work published in Warsaw as the source for this. I know that it has long been asserted that the Drummond family was founded by a Hungarian who returned to Britain with Edward Atheling, so this may be true.¹

     David (?) was born after 1053.¹
David (?) died after 1094.¹

     Swietoslawa/Swatawa (?) of Poland was born circa 1048.^1,2,8,5 She married Vratislav II (?) Duke in Olmutz, Duke of Bohemia, King of Bohemia, son of Bretislav I "the Warrior" (?) Duke of Bohemia, Duke of Moravia and Jutha/Judith (?) von Schweinfurt, between 1062 and 1063
;
His 3rd wife.^{1,9,2,8,5,10,11,12}
Swietoslawa/Swatawa (?) of Poland died on 1 September 1126.^1,2,8,5
Swietoslawa/Swatawa (?) of Poland was buried after 1 September 1126 at Kostel sv. Petra a Pavla, Prague, Okres Praha, Bohemia, Czech Republic; From Find A Grave:
     BIRTH     1048
     DEATH     1 Sep 1126 (aged 77–78)
     Nobility. Born the daughter of Casimir I Karol and his wife Maria Dobroniega. She married Vratislav of Bohemia in 1062 and bore him five children.
     Family Members
     Parents
          Casimir I King Of Poland 1016–1058
          Dobronega of Kiev unknown–1087
     Spouse
          Vratislav II Of Bohemia 1032–1092
     Siblings
          Boleslaw of Poland 1042–1081
          Wladyslaw I Herman 1044–1102
     BURIAL     Kostel sv. Petra a Pavla, Prague, Okres Praha, Prague Capital City, Czech Republic
     Created by: Lutetia
     Added: 16 Sep 2012
     Find A Grave Memorial 97177552.¹³
      ; Per Genealogics:
     "Swatislawa was born about 1048, the daughter of Kazimierz I Karol, king of Poland, and Dobronega (Maria) of Kiev. In 1063 she became the third wife of Wratislaw II, duke and later king of Bohemia. His second wife Adelheid of Hungary had died in 1062. His first wife had died after the birth of their stillborn child. Swatislawa and Wratislaw had six children of whom Borziwoy II, Wladislaw I, Sobjeslaw I and Judith would have progeny. Wladislaw I and Sobjeslaw I became dukes of Bohemia in the unquiet years after the death of their father, while Judith was married to an ally and friend of her father, Wiprecht von Groitzsch, Markgraf von der Lausitz and von Meissen.
     "By Swatislawa's marriage to Wratislaw the neutrality of Bohemia was ensured in the Polish-German conflict. Wratislaw also cemented friendly relationships with his brother-in-law Boleslaw II, duke and later king of Poland, though he later came into dispute with Boleslaw over the Czech-Polish borders.
     "In 1085 Wratislaw and Swatislawa were crowned King and Queen of Bohemia by Archbishop Egilbert. In 1092 Swatislawa was left a widow and saw a struggle for the throne of Bohemia among the Premyslids. In 1111 she helped negotiate between her son Wladislaw I and Boleslaw III Krzywousty, king of Poland. After her husband's death she softened clashes between their youngest sons Wladislaw and Sobeslav.
     "In 1125 her dying son Wladislaw I, duke of Bohemia, confirmed his brother-in-law Otto II 'the Black' zu Olmütz as his successor, which was also the wish of his wife Richza von Berg-Schelklingen. Only the intervention of his mother changed his intention. Wladislaw then reconciled with his brother Sobjeslaw, who succeeded him.
     "Swatislawa, who was a widow for thirty years, lived to see the victory on 18 February 1126 of her youngest son Sobjeslaw over the German and Moravian army of the then emperor-elect Lothar von Supplinburg at the Battle of Chlumec. She died on 1 September 1126."²

; Per Genealogy.EU: "Swietoslawa (=Swatawa), *ca 1048, +1.9.1126; m.1062/3 King Vratislav II of Bohemia (+1092.)¹⁴"

; Per Wikipedia:
     "?wi?tos?awa of Poland (Czech: Svatava Polská (c. 1046-1048 – 1 September 1126)) was the third wife of Duke (later King) Vratislaus II of Bohemia and the first Queen of Bohemia as of 1085.
Origin
     "?wi?tos?awa was the daughter of Duke Casimir I of Poland and his wife Maria Dobroniega of Kiev.[1] She was related to the House of P?emysl, the family of her future husband, through her great-grandmother Dobrawa of Bohemia. Her brothers Boleslaus II the Bold and Vladislaus I Herman were rulers of Poland.
Marriage to Vratislaus
     "Vratislaus married ?wi?tos?awa in 1062, one year after the death of the previous duchess, Vratislaus' second wife Adelaide of Hungary.[2] His first wife Maria had died after the birth of their stillborn child. According to German historians, ?wi?tos?awa was 15 years' old at the time of their marriage, while according to Oswald Balzer, she was aged 19 to 22.
     "With this marriage, the neutrality of Bohemia was ensured in the Polish-German conflict. In addition, Vratislaus demonstrated friendly relationships with Boleslaus II the Bold, but at a later date they disputed the Czech-Polish borders.
The first Queen of Bohemia
     "The new duchess gave birth to four children; Vratislaus had four other ones already. The youngest son, Sob?slav, was probably born in 1075.[1] Her sons Vladislaus and Sob?slav became dukes in the unquiet years after the death of their father, while her daughter Judith was married to Wiprecht, his ally and friend.
     "There is little information about this duchess, although she was crowned together with her husband as King and Queen in 1085 by archbishop Egilbert. They reigned for the next seven years.
Widow
     "In 1092 ?wi?tos?awa was left a widow and saw a struggle for the throne of Bohemia among the P?emyslids. In 1111, she assisted in negotiations between Vladislaus I and Boles?aw III Wrymouth. After Vratislaus' death, she tried to soften clashes between their youngest sons Vladislaus and Sob?slav.
     "In 1125, the dying Vladislaus I confirmed his relative Otto II the Black as his successor, which was also the wish of Vladislaus' wife, Richeza of Berg. Only the intervention of his mother changed his opinion, and Vladislaus reconciled with his brother Sob?slav.[2]
     "?wi?tos?awa, who was a widow for thirty years, lived to see the victory of her son Sob?slav in the Battle of Chlumec and died in September 1126.
Children
Literature
** VANÍ?EK, V. Vratislav II. (I.) První ?eský král. Prague : Vyšehrad, 2004.
** KAREŠOVÁ, Z; PRAŽÁK, J. Královny a kn?žny ?eské. Prague : X-Egem, 1996.
References
1. Knoll & Schaer 2003, p. 82.
2. KAREŠOVÁ, Z; PRAŽÁK, J. Královny a kn?žny ?eské. Prague : X-Egem, 1996.
References
** Gesta principum Polonorum:The Deeds of the Princes of the Poles. Translated by Knoll, Paul W; Schaer, Frank. Central European University Press. 2003."⁸

Reference: Genealogics cites: Swietoslawa/Swatawa (?) of Poland was also known as Swietoslawa (?) of Poland.⁸ Swietoslawa/Swatawa (?) of Poland was also known as Swatislawa (?) of Poland.² Swietoslawa/Swatawa (?) of Poland was also known as Swatawa (?) of Poland.²

; Per Med Lands: "SWI?TOS?AWA [Swatawa] ([1048]-1 Sep 1126). The Chronicæ Polanorum names (in order) "Bolezlavus, Wladislaus, Mescho et Otto" sons of King Kazimierz, and an (unnamed) daughter who married "regi Bohemiæ"[161]. The Annalista Saxo records the marriage of Duke Vratislav with "Zuatavam, Kazimer ducis Polanorum filiam", after the death of his Hungarian wife[162]. The Chronica Boemorum records the marriage of "Wratislaus dux" and "Zustavam, Kazimir Poloniorum ducis natam, Bloezlai vero et Uladizlai germanam" after the death of "ductrix Adleyth"[163]. The Monachi Sazavensis Continuatio Cosmæ; records the death "Kal Sep 1126" of "Zvatava regina mater Sobezlai ducis"[164]. m ([1062/63]) VRATISLAV II Duke of the Bohemians, son of B?ETISLAV Duke of the Bohemians & his wife Judith von Schweinfurt ([1032]-14 Jan 1092)."
Med Lands cites:

     (?) of England was buried at Westminster Abbey, City of Westminster, Greater London, England.¹
      ; Per Med Lands: "son(s) (-bur Westminster Abbey). His or their existence is confirmed by one manuscript of Flores Historiarum which records, inserted over an erasure, the death 12 Apr of “domina Katerina quasi octennis filia regis Henrici tertii” and her burial “apud Westmonasterium cum fratribus suis”, dated to 1261 from the context[724]. The only record so far found of another infant son of King Henry III who was buried in Westminster abbey relates to John (see above). This report in Flores Historiarum therefore indicates there was at least one other son who was buried in the same place."
Med Lands cites: [724] Flores Historiarum, Vol. II, p. 474, note 4.¹

     Pierre Bermond de Sauve Seigneur de Sauve et de Sommières married Ermesinde Pelet (?) d'Alais, Cts de Melgueil, daughter of Bernard II de Narbonne-Pelet Comte de Melgueil and Beatrix de Melgueil Cts de Melgueil, before October 1172
;
Her 1st husband.^1,2
Pierre Bermond de Sauve Seigneur de Sauve et de Sommières died circa 11 December 1172.¹
      ; Per Med Lands: "PIERRE BERMOND de Sauve (-[1 Apr/11 Dec] 1172). Seigneur de Sauve et de Sommières. m (before Oct 1170) as her first husband, ERMESENDE Pelet, daughter of BERNARD Pelet Seigneur d’Alès Comte de Melgueil & his wife Beatrix Ctss de Melgueil (-Château de Malaucène [Sep/3 Nov] 1176). "Beatrix comitissa Melgorii" divided the county of Melgueil between "filie mee Ermessende" and "Dulcie neptis mee, filie quondam filii mei Raimundi comitis Provincie" by contract dated 1 Apr 1172, which names "Petro Bermundo de Salvis genero meo" and records the betrothal between Dulcie and "Raimundo, duci Narbone, comiti Tolose, marchioni Provincie…filio"[1061]. However, Beatrix made a second donation dated 12 Dec 1172 to Ermessende only, who was by then married to Raymond de Toulouse[1062]. On the same day, Ermessende gave her inheritance to her husband. Ctss de Melgueil 1172. Ermessende predeceased her mother and, by her testament dated Sep 1176 and read 3 Nov 1176, granted the county to her husband, and bequeathed an annual income to her mother[1063]. She married secondly (12 Sep 1172) as his first wife, Raymond de Toulouse, who succeeded his father in 1194 as Raymond VI Comte de Toulouse, Duc de Narbonne."
Med Lands cites:

     Otto I (?) Prince of Moravia, Duke in Znaim, Duke in Olmutz married Euphemia/Ludmilla (?) of Hungary, daughter of Bela I (?) King of Hungary and Richeza (Rixa) (?) of Poland, Queen Consort of Hungary, circa 1066.⁵

Otto I (?) Prince of Moravia, Duke in Znaim, Duke in Olmutz died on 9 July 1087.¹
      ; Otto I, Duke in Znaim (1055-56), Duke in Olmütz (1061-87), +9.7.1087; m.before 1073 Eufemie of Hungary (+2.4.1111.)¹ He was Duke in Znaim between 1055 and 1056.¹ He was Duke in Olmütz between 1061 and 1087.¹

     Euphemia/Ludmilla (?) of Hungary married Otto I (?) Prince of Moravia, Duke in Znaim, Duke in Olmutz, son of Bretislav I "the Warrior" (?) Duke of Bohemia, Duke of Moravia and Jutha/Judith (?) von Schweinfurt, circa 1066.¹

Euphemia/Ludmilla (?) of Hungary died on 2 April 1111.¹
      ; Euphemia (Ludmilla), +2.4.1111; m.ca 1066/before 1073 Pr Otto I of Moravia (+9.7.1087.)¹

     Sophia von Looz Queen of Hungary was born between 1044 and 1046.³ She married Geza I (?) King of Hungary, son of Bela I (?) King of Hungary and Richeza (Rixa) (?) of Poland, Queen Consort of Hungary, circa 1062
;
His 1st wife.^1,6,7,2
Sophia von Looz Queen of Hungary died circa 1065.^3,2
      ; Per Med Lands:
     "GÉZA, son of BÉLA I King of Hungary & his wife [Ryksa] of Poland ([in Poland] [1044/45]-25 Apr 1077, bur Vac). The Gesta Hungarorum names "Geichæ et Ladislai" as sons of "fratris sui Belæ" when recording that King András obtained their agreement to the future succession of his son Salomon[519]. The Kronika W?giersko-Polska names "Geyzam et Ladislaum" as the two older sons of "Bela" and his wife "rex Polonie filiam", adding that they were both born in Poland[520]. He was sent as a hostage to the imperial court in [1062/63][521], at which time he must have been unmarried in line with the custom of not sending married men as hostages to foreign courts. He sought refuge in Poland after his father's death in 1063, but later returned to Hungary, made peace with King Salamon, and was appointed Duke between March and Gran[522]. This must have occurred in [1064/67] if it is correct that Géza's second marriage took place before 1067, as suggested below. The Chronicon Posoniense records disputes in 1071 between "Salomon rex" and "duce magno Geyza Ungarorum"[523]. Relations deteriorated and Géza, possibly with at least financial support from Emperor Mikhael VII[524], defeated King Salamon at Mogyorod, forcing the king to withdraw to the western border and from there to Germany. Géza succeeded his cousin in 1074 as GÉZA I King of Hungary. The Chronicon Posoniense records that "Salomon" was deposed in 1074 and "Magnus rex" crowned in 1075[525]. "Magnus qui et Geysa supremus Hungarorium Dux postea…rex consecratus, Belæ regis filius" founded the monastery of St Benedict, Gron, in the presence of "Ladislao Duce germano meo…Iula Comite Palatino", by charter dated 1075[526]. The Gesta Hungarorum records that Géza succeeded King Salomon but died after a reign of three years and was buried at "Waciæ [Vác]"[527]. The Chronicon Varadiense records the death "VIII Kal Mai" in 1077 of "Geysa primogenitus Belæ regis" and his burial "in ecclesia Vaciensi quam ipse construxit"[528].
     "m firstly ([1062]) [SOPHIE de Looz], daughter of [EMMO Comte de Looz] & his wife [Suanehildis of Holland] ([1044/46]-[1065]). She is named as the first wife of King Géza in Europäische Stammtafeln[529]. The primary source on which this is based has not yet been identified. Kerbl, in his analysis concerning Géza I's [second] Byzantine marriage, does not mention this supposed first marriage[530]. If it is correct, the marriage presumably took place while Géza was a hostage at the imperial court, which Kerbl dates to [1062/63][531]. This is consistent with Sophie having been born in [1044/46]. The Vita Arnulfi names "Arnulfum comitem de Lo et Sophiam ducissam de Hungaria…et ducissam de Hui" as the children of Emmo Comte de Looz, adding that Sophie was the mother of "regem de Hungaria"[532]. This manuscript, written at Oudenbourg abbey, is dated to 1220[533]. This is late to be reliable. In addition, the document represents the ancestors of Comte Emmo in a way which is inconsistent with earlier primary sources. As the county of Looz was among the temporal possessions of the Bishop of Liège and, as such, part of the duchy of Lower Lotharingia under the suzerainty of the German emperor, it would not be improbable for a daughter of the comte de Looz to have been staying at the imperial court and for her marriage to have been arranged with another noble visitor. The Vita Andreæ, first abbot of Averboden, in the Chronicle written by Nicolas Hogeland Abbot of Middelburg, records that "Sophia de Los, Hungariæ regina, comitis Arnoldi Lossensis soror" sent letters to her brother after hearing that he intended to found Averboden abbey[534]. This report is clearly anachronistic as the abbey in question was founded in 1135, when Sophie de Looz could not possibly have been queen of Hungary. The question remains whether Sophie´s supposed marriage to King Géza I is based on speculation, suggested by an as yet unidentified secondary source which was trying to make sense of the passages in the Vita Arnulfi and the Vita Andreæ by identifying the most likely Hungarian king who could have been her husband. Until further sources come to light, it has been decided to show Sophie de Looz in square brackets. Whatever the truth of the matter, the chronology of the births of King Géza´s older children suggests that their mother could not have been the Byzantine wife whom he married in [1066/75].
     "m secondly ([1066/75]) --- Synadene, daughter of THEODULOS Synadenos & his wife --- Botaneiatissa. Skylitzes records that Emperor Nikephoros Botaneiates married "sororis suæ filiam Synadenen, Theodulo Synadeno genitam" ("??? ?????? ????? ? ????????") the daughter of Theodoulos Synadenos ("??? ?????????, ???????? ????? ????????? ??? ?????????") to "crali Ungariæ" ("?? ????? ???????? ??? ???????") and that she returned to Byzantium after her husband died[535]. The passage does not name the Hungarian king in question. Kerbl says that Horvát suggested that her husband was Lambert, son of Béla I King of Hungary[536], although it is unclear how Lambert could have been described as "krali" of Hungary as no other record has been identified indicating that he ever reigned as king. Kerbl also cites Wertner as the first source which proposed that her husband was Géza of Hungary[537]. The narrative of Skylitzes Continuatus ends during the reign of Emperor Nikephoros (who reigned from 1078 until his forced abdication in 1081). This suggests that the husband of --- Synadene must have died before that date, which supports his identification as King Géza. However, it is not impossible that the text was written some years later, and that her return to Constantinople was mentioned because it was of recent date at the time of writing. Nevertheless, it is unlikely that her husband was King László I (who appears to be the only other realistic candidate) as his marriage to Adelheid von Rheinfelden appears to be certain as discussed above. The remaining potential difficulty is with the date of the marriage. Wertner suggested that the marriage took place in [Oct 1073/Oct 1074][538]. Nikephoros Botaneiates (later Emperor Nikephoros III) was Byzantine military commander along the Danube, adjacent to Hungarian territory, from 1064 to before 1067 when he was reassigned as governor of Antioch[539]. Kerbl therefore assesses this as the more likely period during which the marriage took place[540]. However, if it is correct, as stated by Skylitzes, that --- Synadene returned to Byzantium after her husband's death, it is probable that she had no surviving children. If she had had children, it is reasonable to expect that she would have remained with them to protect their interests, especially as the chronology suggests that King Géza's son Kálmán could not in any case have been her son and would therefore have had a superior claim to the throne than any half-brothers. If this is correct, all of King Géza's children must have been born from his first marriage, which would date his second marriage to --- Synadene to the early 1070s at the earliest. "
Med Lands cites:

; Per Genealogy.EU (Arpad 2): “Géza I King of Hungary (1074-77); *1044/5, +25.4.1077; 1m: ca 1062 Sophie von Looz (+ca 1065); 2m: 1065-74 Synadena (+after 1077), dau.of Theodulus Synadenos and niece of Emperor Nikophorus III of Byzantium.”.⁸

Reference: Genealogics cites: Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag, Marburg, Schwennicke, Detlev (Ed.) 2:154; 6:60.²

; This is the same person as ”Sophie von Looz” at Wikipedia (DE) and as ”Zsófia magyar királyné” at Wikipédia (HU).^9,10

; NB: There is some disagreement as to whether the Sophie von Looz who m. Geza I was the dau. of Giselbert per Genealogics (citing: Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag, Marburg, Schwennicke, Detlev (Ed.) 2:154), and Genealogy.EU (Looz 1), or the dau. of Emmo, Giselbert's son, (per Med Lands).^2,3,11

; Per Med Lands:
     "[SOPHIE ([1044/46]-[1065]). The Vita Arnulfi names "Arnulfum comitem de Lo et Sophiam ducissam de Hungaria…et ducissam de Hui" as the children of Emmo Comte de Looz, adding that Sophie was the mother of "regem de Hungaria"[802]. This manuscript, written at Oudenbourg abbey, is dated to 1220[803]. This is late to be reliable. In addition, the document represents the ancestors of Comte Emmo in a way which is inconsistent with earlier primary sources. "Ducissam de Huy" has not yet been identified. Sophie is identified as the first wife of King Géza in Europäische Stammtafeln[804]. Kerbl, in his analysis concerning Géza I's [second] Byzantine marriage, does not mention this supposed first marriage[805]. If it is correct, the marriage presumably took place while Géza was a hostage at the imperial court, which Kerbl dates to [1062/63][806]. This is consistent with Sophie having been born in [1044/46], which is somewhat earlier than the expected birth dates of Emmo´s other children. As the county of Looz was among the temporal possessions of the Bishop of Liège and, as such, part of the duchy of Lower Lotharingia under the suzerainty of the German emperor, it would not be improbable for a daughter of the comte de Looz to have been staying at the imperial court and for her marriage to have been arranged with another noble visitor. The Vita Andreæ, first abbot of Averboden, in the Chronicle written by Nicolas Hogeland Abbot of Middelburg, records that "Sophia de Los, Hungariæ regina, comitis Arnoldi Lossensis soror" sent letters to her brother after hearing that he intended to found Averboden abbey[807]. This report is clearly anachronistic as the abbey in question was founded in 1135, when Sophie de Looz could not possibly have been queen of Hungary. The question remains whether Sophie´s supposed marriage to King Géza I is based on speculation, suggested by an as yet unidentified secondary source which was trying to make some sense of the passages in the Vita Arnulfi and the Vita Andreæ by identifying the most likely Hungarian king who could have been Sophie´s husband. Until further sources come to light, it has been decided to show Sophie de Looz in square brackets. Whatever the truth of the matter, the chronology of the births of King Géza´s older children suggests that their mother could not have been the Byzantine wife whom he married in [1066/75].
     "m ([1062]) as his first wife, GÉZA I King of Hungary, son of BÉLA I King of Hungary & his wife [Ryksa] of Poland ([in Poland] [1044/45]-25 Apr 1077, bur Vac).]"
Med Lands cites:

; Per Genealogy.EU (Looz 1): "C3. Sophia; m.ca 1062 Géza I of Hungary (+1077.)¹" She was Queen consort of Hungary between 1062 and 1065.¹⁰

     Liethard(e) (?) de Louvain married Nibelung (?) Count of Betuwe, son of Ricfried «Dodo» (?) graf der Betuwe and Hersinda/Hersinde/Hewesinde (?),
;
     Racines et Histoire (Brabant page) shows this marriage, but none of my other sources do. Med Lands shows a Lietard, as sister of the dau. of Reginar II who it says m. Nevelung. Furthermore, Med Lands and Wikipedia shows that the Berta who m. Arnoul de Cambrai was the dau. of Nevelung and his wife "... de Hainaut", not of a Lietard, as shown by Racines et Histoire (Cambrain page).
     I have chosen to follow Med Lands on both the marriage and mother of Berta. G A Vaut.^4,5,3,2,6 Liethard(e) (?) de Louvain was born after 912.^1,2
Liethard(e) (?) de Louvain died in 958.²

     Nibelung (?) Count of Betuwe married NN de Hainaut, daughter of Reginar/Regnier II (?) comte de Hainaut and Alix/Alice/Adelaide (?) de Bourgogne.^2,4,9,10,11
Nibelung (?) Count of Betuwe married Liethard(e) (?) de Louvain, daughter of Lambert (?) Count of Louvain and NN (?) van de Betuwe,
;
     Racines et Histoire (Brabant page) shows this marriage, but none of my other sources do. Med Lands shows a Lietard, as sister of the dau. of Reginar II who it says m. Nevelung. Furthermore, Med Lands and Wikipedia shows that the Berta who m. Arnoul de Cambrai was the dau. of Nevelung and his wife "... de Hainaut", not of a Lietard, as shown by Racines et Histoire (Cambrain page).
     I have chosen to follow Med Lands on both the marriage and mother of Berta. G A Vaut.^10,1,12,3,13 Nibelung (?) Count of Betuwe was born between 890 and 900.^2,1 He was born in 905.²
Nibelung (?) Count of Betuwe died before 953; Wikipedia says d. ca 939-943; Genealogics says d. bef 983; Med Lands says d. bef 953.^2,5,1,11,9
Nibelung (?) Count of Betuwe died in 953.⁹
Nibelung (?) Count of Betuwe died in 983; Racines et Histoire says d. by 953.^2,3
      ; Per Wikipedia:
     "Count Nibelung or Nevelung (b. abt 890-900 d. abt 939-943), son of Ricfried, Count of Betuwe, and Herensinda was probably his father's heir and a count in Betuwe (Batavia).
     "Nevelung is mentioned on the grave monument in Utrecht of his parents which was transcribed before it was removed. He is described there as a count ("comes Nevelongus").[1]
     "Nibelung married a daughter of Reginar II, Count of Hainaut. Their children are known from a grant made by Nevelung's brother, Bishop Balderic of Utrecht (bishop 918-975), addressed to Nevelung's wife after he had died.[2]
** Bertha, married to Arnulf, Count of Cambrai, son of Isaac, Count of Cambrai. Count Arnoul of Valenciennes was their son. She died 967, at which time her son was already an adult.
** Balderic I, Bishop of Liège (bishop 956-959). Described as young when he became bishop.
** Rodolphe. The 943 letter makes it clear that Rodolphe was younger than Balderic.
     "As pointed out by Jongbloed (2006), although he was a count when his parents' grave was made, in 943 his own brother describes his father, but not him, as a count, and refers to the "sins of our family" of Nevelung and his father-in-law Count Regnier II. The so-called Regnarid family is known to have been in rebellion until in 939 and the Battle of Andernach. Therefore Jongbloed proposes that he died during, or soon after, that rebellion, and that he must have lost his comital title because of events connected to this.
     "Concerning his approximate age, his brother Balderic was made bishop in 918, and is estimated to have been born 895-900 (Jongbloed 2006). His sons must have been born in the 930s, because his son Balderic was young in 956, and his son Rodolphe was younger.
Notes
1. Memorial: [1] and [2]
2. The 943 grant is reproduced in Oorkondenboek der Graafschappen Gelre en Zutfen, p.79
Sources
** Baerten (1965), "Les origines des comtes de Looz et la formation territoriale du comté", Revue belge de philologie et d'histoire, 43 (2): 468
** Baerten (1965), "Les origines des comtes de Looz et la formation territoriale du comté (suite et fin)", Revue belge de philologie et d'histoire, 43 (4)
** Baerten, Jean (1969), Het Graafschap Loon (11de - 14de eeuw) (PDF)
** Jongbloed, Hein H., (2006) , "Immed “von Kleve” (um 950) – Das erste Klevische Grafenhaus (ca. 885-ca. 1015) als Vorstufe des geldrischen Fürstentums", Annalen des Historischen Vereins für den Niederrhein, Heft 209 [3]
** Jongbloed, Hein H (2009), "Listige Immo en Herswind. Een politieke wildebras in het Maasdal (938-960) en zijn in Thorn rustende dochter", Jaarboek. Limburgs Geschied- en Oudheidkundig Genootschap, 145: 9–67
** Jongbloed (2008), "Flamenses in de elfde eeuw", Bijdragen en Mededelingen Gelre
** Vanderkindere, L. (1900) ‘A propos d´une charte de Baldéric d’Utrecht’, Académie royale de Belgique Bulletin de la Classe des Lettres et des Sciences Morales et Politiques (Bruxelles), [4]
** Vanderkindere, Léon (1902), "9", La formation territoriale des principautés belges au Moyen Age (PDF), 2, p. 128
** Verhelst, Karel (1984), "Een nieuwe visie op de omvang en indeling van de pagus Hasbania (part 1)", Handelingen van de Koninklijke Zuidnederlandsche Maatschappij voor Taal- en Letterkunde en Geschiednis, 38
** Warner, David A., Ottonian Germany. The Chronicon of Thietmar of Merseburg, Manchester, 2001.
External links
** Medieval Lands Project, Holland & Frisia, Graven van Betuwe: http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/HOLLAND.htm#RudolfBetuwedied967orafter.¹ "

Reference: Genealogics cites: Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag, Marburg, Schwennicke, Detlev (Ed.) 6:60.⁵ GAV-31.

; Per Med Lands: "NIBELUNG (-before 953). The Memorial of "Ricfridus hoc nomine Dodo vocatus…comes" names "presul Baldricus…preses Rodolphus…rector Yrimfredus pariterque comes Nevelongus" as his children and "Herisindæ" as their mother[640]. Graaf van Betuwe 943. m (before 943) --- de Hainaut, daughter of REGINAR [II] Comte de Hainaut & his wife ---. Her origin is deduced from the Gesta Abbatum Gemblacensium referring to "Raginero comiti…Longicollus" as "primi Baldrici Leodicensium episcopi avunculus"[641], although it appears chronologically more likely that "Raginero" was Reginar [III] rather than his paternal grandfather Reginar [I], an interpretation which appears confirmed by the same source recording the death in battle at Florennes of "Lantbertum comitem filium Ragineri Longicolli"[642]. This assumes that "primi Baldrici" was the bishop whose installation in 955 is recorded in the following paragraph of the Gesta[643], which also appears correct from the context. Her parentage is confirmed by the charter dated 24 Jun 943 under which “Baldricus...Traiectensis ecclæsie...presul...per manus advocati mei Folberti”, addressing [her as] “nobilissime probateque Deo sacrate” [unnamed], granted “res...de abbatia...Hereberc...mansos...Rura, Liethorp, Linne, Sulethum, Flothorp, Ascolon, Malicalieol, Curnelo” to “filius vester...Baldricus in vita sua...post eum Rodulfus frater suus”, for the souls of “genitoris nostri Raineri comitis et insuper Nevelungi senioris vestri”[644]. 958. "
Med Lands cites: Nibelung (?) Count of Betuwe was also known as Nevelung (?) graaf der Betuwe.^2,3,12 Nibelung (?) Count of Betuwe was also known as Nevelon (?)⁴ Nibelung (?) Count of Betuwe was also known as Nevelung (?) Graf in der Betuwe.^2,5,9

     Rudolf (?) Graf in der Betuwe married (?) (?) of Vliermal.^1,2
Rudolf (?) Graf in der Betuwe was born in 930.¹
      ; Per Wikipedia"
     "Rudolf or Rodolphe (young in 943), was a Lower Lotharingian noble born into a family with connections to Utrecht. He is thought by some modern interpreters to have later had lordships in the Hesbaye (Dutch: Haspengouw) region which is now in Belgium, in a part which mostly came to be incorporated into the later County of Loon (French: Looz). He was a son of Nevelung, Count of Betuwe, and a daughter of Reginar II, Count of Hainaut, whose name is not known. He had uncles, both paternal and maternal, who were both named Rudolf, and all three are sometimes proposed to account for various references to "Count Rudolf" in the 10th century "low countries". Although his paternal uncle Rudolf is sometimes considered to have become a cleric, Jongbloed (2006) argued that he must have been a count, and that he certainly had a wife and offspring.[1]
     "There is one clear record of Rudolf, a 943 grant by his uncle Bishop Balderic of Utrecht, which was analysed by Léon Vanderkindere in his 1900 article. At this time, Rudolf and his brother Balderic were probably young, because Balderic was described as a boy (Latin puer) in 956 when he became Bishop of Liège.[2] The places Rudolf stood to inherit an income from after his older brother were goods of the Abbey of "Hereberc" (Sint Odiliënberg): "Rura, Lithorp, Linne, Sulethum, Flothorp, Ascalon, Malicalieol en Curnelo", which are Roer, Lerop, Linne, Swalmen, Vlodrop, Asselt, Melick en Maasniel all near Roermond.
     "Vanderkindere and other historians since him speculate that Rudolf held a County in the Hesbaye. Baerten, writing in the 1960s was one of the proponents of this position. The evidence Baerten added to the argument was that a Count Rodulfus appears as 4th witness in a grant made in 967 by Bertha, the mother of a Count Arnulf, of land in Brustem to St Truiden.[3] This Bertha is proposed by Vanderkindere to be another child of Nevelung. Earlier mentions of a Count Rudolf in the same area are thought, in contrast, to be Rudolf's maternal uncle, Count Rudolf of the Regnarid family.
     "However, Baerten agreed that Rodulf in Bertha's witness list showed no clear sign of being a count in the area.[4] Instead the evidence points to men named Werner and Emmon and Eremfried being counts in Haspengouw in this period.[5] Vanderkindere and Baerten proposed that Rodulf inherited Emmon's possessions by marrying his daughter, a proposal based only on the fact that in the next century one of the first known counts of Loon was named Emmo.[6]
     "More recently Jongbloed (2008) has stated that Rodulf being Bertha's brother in this document is unlikely, because he is only placed in the 4th position.[7] Furthermore both he and other writers such as van Winter, have pointed out that the distinction made by Vanderkindere and Baerten between the names Emmo and Ehrenfried is not necessary, as one is known to be a short form of the other.
     "Nevertheless, Baerten's refinement of Vanderkindere is still the standard source, and Rudolf is still routinely proposed to be the father or grandfather of the three brothers found in this area in the next century: Bishop Balderic II of Liège, Count Arnuldus of Haspinga, and Count Gilbert of Loon.[8]
     "Because of the incomplete records available, there is considerable uncertainty as to whether Giselbert, Count of Looz, was the son of Rudolf, which no old record suggests, or the son of an otherwise unknown person named in one much later record as Otto, Count of Looz.
References
1. Vanderkindere (1902) p.294 questioned his own proposal that he must be a cleric, made in his 1900 article.
2. The charter is reproduced for example in Oorkondenboek der Graafschappen Gelre en Zutfen, p.79
3. The charter is known from a later confirmation in the Cartulaire de l'abbaye de Saint-Trond Piot edition, Volume 1, p.72.
4. Baerten (1965, pp.1236-7): "A vrai dire, s'il en était ainsi, cela ne prouverait pas nécessairement que Rodolphe était comte et, d'autre part, la présence de Rodolphe pourrait s'expliquer par des raisons d'ordre purement familiales."
5. Baerten (1965, p.1236): "Afin de concilier ces indications divergentes on pourrait songer à faire d' Emmon le titulaire soit du comté de Haspinga qui s'étendait entre le Geer et la Meuse soit du comté de Hocht dont la configuration mi-mosane mi-hesbayenne est prouvée et dont le siège se trouvait à proximité de Maastricht."
6. Baerten (1965, p.1237): "Le savant professeur bruxellois [Vanderkindere] avait sans doute raison d'expliquer le prénom du comte de Looz Emmon, le petit-fils de Rodolphe, par la parenté de celui-ci avec le célèbre comte du xe siècle. Nul ne contestera sans doute la thèse selon laquelle Rodolphe aurait été, à l'origine, comte de Hocht."
7. Jongbloed (2008, p.84 fn.118): "Baerten Loon 12 hield de getuige Rudolf in het stuk van 967 voor Berta's dusgenaamde broer. Dat is niet erg waarschijnlijk: als broer van de opdrachtgever zou hij stellig hoger in de getuigenrij hebben gestaan zo niet de opdrachtnemer zijn geweest".
8. For example Souvereyns & Bijsterveld, and also Vaes, have quite recently described Baerten as still being the standard work.
Sources
** Baerten (1965), "Les origines des comtes de Looz et la formation territoriale du comté (suite et fin)", Revue belge de philologie et d'histoire, 43 (4)
** Jongbloed, Hein H. (2006), "Immed "von Kleve" (um 950) : Das erste Klevische Grafenhaus (ca, 885 - ca. 1015) als Vorstufe des geldrischen Fürstentums" (PDF), Annalen des historischen Vereins für den Niederrhein
** Jongbloed (2008), "Flamenses in de elfde eeuw", Bijdragen en Mededelingen Gelre
** Jongbloed, Hein H., (2009) "Listige Immo en Herswind. Een politieke wildebras in het Maasdal (938-960) en zijn in Thorn rustende dochter", Jaarboek. Limburgs Geschied- en Oudheidkundig Genootschap vol. 145 (2009) p. 9-67
** Souvereyns; Bijsterveld (2008), "Deel 1: De graven van Loon", Limburg - Het Oude Land van Loon
** Vaes, Jan (2016), De Graven van Loon. Loons, Luiks, Limburgs, ISBN 9789059087651
** Vanderkindere, L. (1900) ‘A propos d´une charte de Baldéric d’Utrecht’, Académie royale de Belgique Bulletin de la Classe des Lettres et des Sciences Morales et Politiques (Bruxelles), [1]
** Vanderkindere, Léon (1902) La Formation territoriale des principautés belges au Moyen Âge, Bruxelles, H. Lamertin,[2]
** van Winter, (1981) Ansfried en Dirk, twee namen uit de Nederlandse geschiedenis van de 10e en 11e eeuw link
External links
** Medieval Lands Project, Holland & Frisia, Graven van Betuwe: http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/HOLLAND.htm#RudolfBetuwedied967orafter.⁴

; Per Med Lands: "RUDOLF, son of NIBELUNG Graaf van Betuwe & his wife --- de Hainaut . His parentage is confirmed by the charter dated 24 Jun 943 under which [his paternal uncle] “Baldricus...Traiectensis ecclæsie...presul...per manus advocati mei Folberti”, addressing [Rudolf´s mother as] “nobilissime probateque Deo sacrate” [unnamed], granted “res...de abbatia...Hereberc...mansos...Rura, Liethorp, Linne, Sulethum, Flothorp, Ascolon, Malicalieol, Curnelo” to “filius vester...Baldricus in vita sua...post eum Rodulfus frater suus”, for the souls of “genitoris nostri Raineri comitis et insuper Nevelungi senioris vestri”[749]. Mantelius says that Rudolf was the son of Reginar II Comte de Hainaut, cited in charters until 24 Jan 966 (see the document HAINAUT)[750]. He does not cite the primary source on which he bases this assertion, but his work on the early generations of the Looz family does not inspire confidence as his reconstruction is inconsistent in other details with the primary sources which are quoted in the present document. m ---. The name and origin of Rudolf's wife is not known. Vanderkindere suggests that she was ---, daughter of Emmo Comte de Hesbaye, to explain the transmission of the name Immo into this family[751]. While this cannot be the only explanation for the introduction of the name into the Looz family, Vanderkindere also cites the charter dated 1078 under which "Ermengardis comitissa" donated property among which "…allodium…apud Gelmines [Jamine]..." to the church of Saint-Barthélemy de Liège[752], the same property which had been granted to her father Comte Emmo, and suggests that the donor was somehow connected with the same family. Widukind records that "Immo" offered "unicam filiam" to "Ansfrid" as a means of capturing the latter[753]."
Med Lands cites:

Reference: Genealogics cites: Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag, Marburg, Schwennicke, Detlev (Ed.) 6:60.² He was living in 967.²

     (?) (?) of Vliermal married Rudolf (?) Graf in der Betuwe, son of Nibelung (?) Count of Betuwe and NN de Hainaut.^1,2
(?) (?) of Vliermal was born in 960.¹

     Rudolf (?) Bishop of Laon died in 948.¹
      ; Per Med Lands: "RUDOLF . The Memorial of "Ricfridus hoc nomine Dodo vocatus…comes" names "presul Baldricus…preses Rodolphus…rector Yrimfredus pariterque comes Nevelongus" as his children and "Herisindæ" as their mother[658]. Prelate. same person as...? RAOUL (-948). Vanderkindere suggests this co-identity[659]. Bishop of Laon 936. Flodoard records in 936 that “Rodulfo eiusdem loci presbitero” was appointed to “episcopatus Laudunensis”, that he was elected “a civibus concorditer”, and consecrated by Artaud Archbishop of Reims[660]. Flodoard records in 948 the presence at the synod of Ingelheim of "Wido episcopus Suessonicus, Hildegarius quoque Belvacensis, Rodulfus Laudunensis ceterique cuncti Remensis dioceseos episcopi"[661]. Flodoard records in 948 the deaths of “episcopi Geruncus Biturigensis et Rodulfus Laudunensis”[662]."
Med Lands cites: He was Bishop of Laon between 936 and 948.¹

     Thierry (?) de Looz died after 1 April 1125.¹
      ; Per Med Lands: "THIERRY de Looz (-after 1 Apr 1125). "...Comes Arnoldus de Lon, frater eius Theodericus..." witnessed the charter dated 1096 under which "Ida...filii mei ducis Godefridi" donated property to Münster-Bilsen abbey[811]. “...Comes Gerardus, comes de Los, Arnulfus, et frater eius Theodericus...” witnessed the charter dated 1 Jun 1101 under which Emperor Heinrich IV confirmed the rights of “Albertus comes Namucensium” over the church of Andenne[812]. “Comite et advocato Giselberto...filio eius Ottone, comite, Teoderico de Los...” signed the charter dated 1 Apr 1108 by which “Froweken” declared herself of the family of Saint-Trond[813]. "Arnulfus comes Lonensis et frater eius Theodericus" subscribed the charter dated 1111 under which "Otbertus…Leodiensis episcopus" declared that the church of Lixhe belonged to Liège Saint-Paul[814]. "...Arnulfo comite de Los, advocato Sancti Jacobi...Theodericus frater comitis Arnulphi..." witnessed the charter dated 1 Apr 1125 under which Emperor Heinrich V confirmed a donation to Liège Saint-Jacques made by "Guda mulier nobilis"[815]. [Graaf van Horne.] The Vita Andreæ, first abbot of Averboden, in the Chronicle written by Nicolas Hogeland Abbot of Middelburg, records that in 1131 "Walravium Limburgi comitem, Lotharingiæ inferioris ducem" wished to install "fratrem suum Henricum in præpositura sancti Lamberti Leodii", which was opposed by "Rainerum de Los præpositum de Fosse, Arnoldi comitis Lossensis fratrem natu minorem, et Theodoricum de Los primum dominum de Hornes", and that Emperor Lothaire appointed "Hermannum de Hornes S. Gereonis præpositum dicti Ra[ineri nepotem, Guidonem de Limburgo sancti Lamberti canonicum etiam dicti Hermanni nepotem…Godefridum comitem de Vianden" to arbitrate the dispute[816]. Klaversma notes that this source is a 17th century forgery and is therefore unreliable[817].] m ---. The name of Thierry's wife is not known."
Med Lands cites: