Person Page - 2052

     Geraud Adhemar Prince d'Orange married Tiburge II (?) Heiress d'Orange, daughter of Raimbaud II (?) Comte d'Orange, on 12 October 1103
; her 1st husband.¹
      ; Leo van de Pas cites: Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag Marburg., Detlev Schwennicke, Editor, Reference: III 726.¹ Geraud Adhemar Prince d'Orange was living in 1115.¹

     Guilhem V de Montpellier Seigneur de Montpellier was born in 1075; Genealogics says b. ca 1075; Wikipédia (FR) says b. 1075.^1,3 He married Ermessende de Melgueil, daughter of Pierre de Melgueil Comte de Melgueil and Almodis de Toulouse, between 1086 and 1087.^9,10,1,3,4

Guilhem V de Montpellier Seigneur de Montpellier died before 21 February 1122; Genealogics says d. bef 21 Feb 1122; Wikipédia (FR) says d. 1121.^1,3
     EDV-26.

; This is the same person as ”Guilhem V de Montpellier” at Wikipédia (FR).¹

; Per Genealogics:
     “Guillem V was born about 1075, the son of Guillem IV, sire de Montpellier and Ermengarde de Melgueil. He became the lord of Montpellier from an early age on the death of his father. Soon after the death of Guillem IV, Ermengarde left Montpellier to marry Raymond I d'Anduze, sire d'Anduze, de Barre et de Peyremale. Guillem IV had confided the tutelage of his son to the child's grandmother Beliarde and to his nearest relatives Guillem Arnold, Raymond Stephen and Guillem Aymoin. After a short conflict with the bishop of Maguelonne, Guillem V rendered homage to the bishop on 10 December 1090 and was recognised as lord of Montpellier.
     “In 1086 or 1087 Guillem was married to his first cousin Ermessens de Melgueil, daughter of Pierre, comte de Melgueil, and Almodis de Toulouse. Pierre was the brother of Guillem's mother Ermengarde. Guillem and Ermessens had six children, of whom Guillem VI and Guillem d'Omelaz would have progeny.
     “At the call of Pope Urban II, Guillem V took up the cross of the First Crusade under the banner of Raimond V, comte de Toulouse. He served notably at the capture of the small Syrian village of Maara in 1098. After the fall of Jerusalem in 1099, Guillem remained in the Holy Land, fighting at the side of Godefroy de Bouillon in the Battle of Arsuf in December. He did not return to Montpellier until 1103, bringing with him a relic of Saint Cleopas.
     “When Guillem returned, he found that the Aimoin brothers, to whom he had confided the administration of the lordship in his absence, had usurped many seigniorial rights and that he was obliged to recognise much of their newfound authority, which diminished his own, in order to retain his position.
     “Guillem participated in the army of Ramon Berenguer III 'el Grande', conde de Barcelona, which captured Majorca from the Moors in 1114. The rest of his reign was marked by the important acquisition of nearby territories, which greatly recouped his power: Montarnaud, Cournonsec, Montferrier, Frontignan, Aumelas, Montbazin and Popian. Guillem died before 21 February 1122.”.³

Reference: Genealogics cites: Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag Marburg., Detlev Schwennicke, Editor, Reference: III 445.³ Guilhem V de Montpellier Seigneur de Montpellier was also known as Guillaume de Montpellier Seigneur de Montpellier.¹¹ Guilhem V de Montpellier Seigneur de Montpellier was also known as Guillem V Sire de Montpellier.¹²

; Per Med Lands:
     "GUILLAUME [V] de Montpellier, son of BERNARD GUILLAUME [IV] Seigneur de Montpellier & his wife Ermengarde --- (-before 21 Feb 1122). Seigneur de Montpellier. A charter dated to [1080] records an agreement between "Petrus comes" and "Guillelmo de Montepessulano et…Guillelmo-Aimono et…infantibus suis" to settle disputes, naming "pater suus Bernardus Willelmus", and includes the betrothal of "filiam suam" and "Guillelmum suprascriptum"[762]. A charter dated 20 Dec 1090 records an agreement between the bishop of Maguelone and "Guillelmum de Monte peslier filium Ermengarde"[763]. He took part in the First Crusade. Albert of Aix names "…Willelmus de Montphelyr…" among those who took part in the siege of Nikaia, dated to mid-1097 from the context[764]. Tudebodus names "Willelmo de Monte Pislerio" among those who sailed with Raymond de Saint-Gilles Comte de Toulouse in 1097 as part of the First Crusade[765]. William of Tyre names "Willelmus de Monte Pessulano" among those present at the capture of Antioch in 1098[766]. In Dec 1098, he commanded a contingent which captured Maarat an-Numan[767]. Before going to Palestine, Guillaume [V] borrowed money from Bernard Guillaume and Raimond Guillaume Bishop of Nîmes, both sons of Guillaume Aimon, giving in exchange several feudal rights which he strained to recover when he returned[768]. William of Malmesbury records that "William of Montpellier" accompanied the widow and young son of Raymond de Saint-Gilles Comte de Toulouse back to Europe in [1105][769]. Under his testament dated 1114 made “pergens contra paganos ad expugnandam Majoricam insulam”, “Guillelmus Montipessulani” bequeathed “castellum d´Omelas” to “Bernardo de Andusia fratri meo et infantibus suis”[770]. This testament confirms the second marriage of Guillaume´s mother, although Europäische Stammtafeln interprets this strangely as meaning that Bernard was the son of Guillaume [IV][771]. "Guillelmus de Montepessulano filius Guillelmi de Monte pessulano" swore allegiance to the bishop of Maguelone by charter dated to [1119][772]. Under his testament dated 1121, "Guillelmi Montispessulani, filii Ermeniardis" bequeathed the town of Montpellier to "Guillelmo filio meo majori", the castra of Aumelas, Montarnaud, Popian, Saint-Pons[-de-Mauchiens] and Maderns to "Guillelmo filio meo minori", the castrum of Villeneuve -lès-Maguelone, Hérault to "Bernardo filio meo", specifying the order of possible substitutions his daughters Guillemette, then Ermenardis and finally Adelais, and also specifying that his wife was pregnant requesting a male child to be made a monk at "Sanc[ti Salvatori Aniane"[773].
     "Per Med Lands: [:TAB:]"GUILLAUME [V] de Montpellier, son of BERNARD GUILLAUME [IV] Seigneur de Montpellier & his wife Ermengarde --- (-before 21 Feb 1122). Seigneur de Montpellier. A charter dated to [1080] records an agreement between "Petrus comes" and "Guillelmo de Montepessulano et…Guillelmo-Aimono et…infantibus suis" to settle disputes, naming "pater suus Bernardus Willelmus", and includes the betrothal of "filiam suam" and "Guillelmum suprascriptum"[762]. A charter dated 20 Dec 1090 records an agreement between the bishop of Maguelone and "Guillelmum de Monte peslier filium Ermengarde"[763]. He took part in the First Crusade. Albert of Aix names "…Willelmus de Montphelyr…" among those who took part in the siege of Nikaia, dated to mid-1097 from the context[764]. Tudebodus names "Willelmo de Monte Pislerio" among those who sailed with Raymond de Saint-Gilles Comte de Toulouse in 1097 as part of the First Crusade[765]. William of Tyre names "Willelmus de Monte Pessulano" among those present at the capture of Antioch in 1098[766]. In Dec 1098, he commanded a contingent which captured Maarat an-Numan[767]. Before going to Palestine, Guillaume [V] borrowed money from Bernard Guillaume and Raimond Guillaume Bishop of Nîmes, both sons of Guillaume Aimon, giving in exchange several feudal rights which he strained to recover when he returned[768]. William of Malmesbury records that "William of Montpellier" accompanied the widow and young son of Raymond de Saint-Gilles Comte de Toulouse back to Europe in [1105][769]. Under his testament dated 1114 made “pergens contra paganos ad expugnandam Majoricam insulam”, “Guillelmus Montipessulani” bequeathed “castellum d´Omelas” to “Bernardo de Andusia fratri meo et infantibus suis”[770]. This testament confirms the second marriage of Guillaume´s mother, although Europäische Stammtafeln interprets this strangely as meaning that Bernard was the son of Guillaume [IV][771]. "Guillelmus de Montepessulano filius Guillelmi de Monte pessulano" swore allegiance to the bishop of Maguelone by charter dated to [1119][772]. Under his testament dated 1121, "Guillelmi Montispessulani, filii Ermeniardis" bequeathed the town of Montpellier to "Guillelmo filio meo majori", the castra of Aumelas, Montarnaud, Popian, Saint-Pons[-de-Mauchiens] and Maderns to "Guillelmo filio meo minori", the castrum of Villeneuve [-lès-Maguelone, Hérault to "Bernardo filio meo", specifying the order of possible substitutions his daughters Guillemette, then Ermenardis and finally Adelais, and also specifying that his wife was pregnant requesting a male child to be made a monk at "Sancti Salvatori Aniane"[773]. [:TAB:]"[m] (Betrothed [1080]) --- de Melgeuil, daughter of PIERRE Comte de Melgueil & his wife Almodis de Toulouse (-after 5 Jun 1156). A charter dated to [1080] records an agreement between "Petrus comes" and "Guillelmo de Montepessulano et…Guillelmo-Aimono et…infantibus suis" to settle disputes and includes the betrothal of "filiam suam" and "Guillelmum suprascriptum"[774]. [:TAB:]"m ERMESENDE, daughter of --- (-after 5 Jun 1156). The name of Guillaume [V]’s wife is confirmed by the charter of her son "Guillelmus de Montispessulano, filius Ermesende"[775]. No primary source has been found which confirms that Ermesende was the daughter of Pierre de Melgueil to whom Guillaume was betrothed in [1080]. The chronology is not ideal for this co-identity. Pierre de Melgueil’s marriage is dated to [1065]. His daughter could have been born between 1066 and (assuming that she was still a young child when betrothed) [1075/78]. Assuming twelve years old as the minimum age for a daughter’s marriage at the time, the ceremony would have taken place between 1080 and [1090], a date range which is early when compared with the likely births of Guillaume [V]’s children in the late 1090s/early 1100s (estimated from the marriage dates of three of them). Another problem with this possible co-identity arises from the marriage of Ermesende’s daughter with Bernard [V] Comte de Melgueil, who would have been his wife’s first cousin if Ermesende had been Pierre de Melgueil’s daughter: no reference has been found to a Papal dispensation for this marriage, which may in any case have been difficult to obtain given such a close family relationship. Reference to one of Ermesende’s family connections is provided by the testament of [her son] "Guillelmus de Montispessulano, filius Ermesende", dated 11 Dec 1146, which names “Poncio de Mataplana consobrino mei” [Ponce de Mataplana, son of Bernat Ug [de Mataplana] & his second wife Estefanía [Etiennette/Stéphanie] ---] taking an eventual role in the guardianship of his children with the consent of “matris mee”[776]. The term “consobrinus” would normally translate as “first cousin” (although it could indicate more remote family relationships[777]), while the requirement for the consent of the testator’s mother suggests that the relationship was on the maternal side of Guillaume [VI]’s family. If that is correct, one of Pons’s parents would have been Ermesende’s sibling. A tentative reconstruction of the Mataplana family suggests that this would have been Ponce’s mother Estefanía [Etiennette/Stéphanie] (as discussed in more detail in the document CATALONIA NOBILITY). Suggesting the family origin of these two possible sisters would be speculative. Under his testament dated 11 Dec 1146, "Guillelmus de Montispessulano, filius Ermesende" mentions his mother as still alive ("pretera post obitum domine mee matris, infirmis")[778]. The testament of [her son] “Guillelmus de Omellacio”, dated 5 Jun 1156, bequeathes “usumfructum honoris...de Valle“ to “matri meæ Ermesendi“[779]." Med Lands cites: [LIND:][762] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 346, col. 667. [763] Montpellier Guillems, Fascicule I, XL, p. 69. [764] Albert of Aix (RHC), Liber II, Cap. XXIII, p. 316. [765] Tudebodus, V, p. 33. [766] William of Tyre, VI.XVII, p. 263. [767] Runciman (1978), Vol. 1, p. 259. [768] Liber Montpellier C, CI, CX. [J.-C. Chuat] [769] William of Malmesbury, II, 388, p. 338. [770] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome IV, Preuves, XXVI, p. 361, and 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 450, col. 841. [771] ES III 445. [772] Montpellier Guillems, Fascicule I, XLII, p. 74. [773] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome IV, Preuves, XLVII, p. 378, and 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 474, col. 889. [774] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 346, col. 667. [775] Montpellier Guillems, Fascicule II, XCV, p. 177. [776] Montpellier Guillems, Fascicule II, XCV, p. 177. [777] Cawley ‘Was my grandmother...’ (2015), p. 40. [778] Montpellier Guillems, Fascicule II, XCV, p. 177. [779] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome IV, Preuves, CLXII, p. 480.[:LIND] [HID:][Genealogics][:HID] (Betrothed [1080]) --- de Melgeuil, daughter of PIERRE Comte de Melgueil & his wife Almodis de Toulouse (-after 5 Jun 1156). A charter dated to [1080] records an agreement between "Petrus comes" and "Guillelmo de Montepessulano et…Guillelmo-Aimono et…infantibus suis" to settle disputes and includes the betrothal of "filiam suam" and "Guillelmum suprascriptum"[774].
     "m ERMESENDE, daughter of --- (-after 5 Jun 1156). The name of Guillaume [V]’s wife is confirmed by the charter of her son "Guillelmus de Montispessulano, filius Ermesende"[775]. No primary source has been found which confirms that Ermesende was the daughter of Pierre de Melgueil to whom Guillaume was betrothed in [1080]. The chronology is not ideal for this co-identity. Pierre de Melgueil’s marriage is dated to [1065]. His daughter could have been born between 1066 and (assuming that she was still a young child when betrothed) [1075/78]. Assuming twelve years old as the minimum age for a daughter’s marriage at the time, the ceremony would have taken place between 1080 and [1090], a date range which is early when compared with the likely births of Guillaume [V]’s children in the late 1090s/early 1100s (estimated from the marriage dates of three of them). Another problem with this possible co-identity arises from the marriage of Ermesende’s daughter with Bernard [V] Comte de Melgueil, who would have been his wife’s first cousin if Ermesende had been Pierre de Melgueil’s daughter: no reference has been found to a Papal dispensation for this marriage, which may in any case have been difficult to obtain given such a close family relationship. Reference to one of Ermesende’s family connections is provided by the testament of [her son] "Guillelmus de Montispessulano, filius Ermesende", dated 11 Dec 1146, which names “Poncio de Mataplana consobrino mei” [Ponce de Mataplana, son of Bernat Ug [de Mataplana] & his second wife Estefanía [Etiennette/Stéphanie] ---] taking an eventual role in the guardianship of his children with the consent of “matris mee”[776]. The term “consobrinus” would normally translate as “first cousin” (although it could indicate more remote family relationships[777]), while the requirement for the consent of the testator’s mother suggests that the relationship was on the maternal side of Guillaume [VI]’s family. If that is correct, one of Pons’s parents would have been Ermesende’s sibling. A tentative reconstruction of the Mataplana family suggests that this would have been Ponce’s mother Estefanía [Etiennette/Stéphanie] (as discussed in more detail in the document CATALONIA NOBILITY). Suggesting the family origin of these two possible sisters would be speculative. Under his testament dated 11 Dec 1146, "Guillelmus de Montispessulano, filius Ermesende" mentions his mother as still alive ("pretera post obitum domine mee matris, infirmis")[778]. The testament of [her son] “Guillelmus de Omellacio”, dated 5 Jun 1156, bequeathes “usumfructum honoris...de Valle“ to “matri meæ Ermesendi“[779]."
Med Lands cites:

; Per Med Lands:
     "--- de Melgueil (-after 5 Jun 1156). A charter dated to [1080] records an agreement between "Petrus comes" and "Guillelmo de Montepessulano et…Guillelmo-Aimono et…infantibus suis" to settle disputes and includes the betrothal of "filiam suam" and "Guillelmum suprascriptum"[511]. The name of Guillaume [V]’s wife is confirmed by the charter of her son "Guillelmus de Montispessulano, filius Ermesende"[512], and the testament of [her son] “Guillelmus de Omellacio”, dated 5 Jun 1156, which bequeathes “usumfructum honoris...de Valle“ to “matri meæ Ermesendi“[513]. However, no primary source has been found which confirms that Ermesende was the daughter of Pierre de Melgueil to whom Guillaume had been betrothed in [1080]. The chronology is not ideal for this co-identity. Pierre de Melgueil’s marriage is dated to [1065]. His daughter could have been born between 1066 and (assuming that she was still a young child when betrothed) [1075/78]. Assuming twelve years old as the minimum age for a daughter’s marriage at the time, the ceremony would have taken place between 1080 and [1090], a date range which is early when compared with the likely births of Guillaume [V]’s children in the late 1090s/early 1100s (estimated from the marriage dates of three of them). Another problem with this possible co-identity arises from the marriage of Ermesende’s daughter with Bernard [V] Comte de Melgueil, who would have been his wife’s first cousin if Ermesende had been Pierre de Melgueil’s daughter: no reference has been found to a Papal dispensation for this marriage, which may in any case have been difficult to obtain given such a close family relationship.
     "[m] (Betrothed [1080]) GUILLAUME [V] Seigneur de Montpellier, son of GUILLAUME [IV] Seigneur de Montpellier & his wife Ermengarde --- (-before 21 Feb 1122)."
Med Lands cites:
; NB: Genealogics and Med Lands differ on the descent of the Seigneurs de Montpelier from Guillem/Guillaume I.
     I. Genealogics shows:
I.1 Guillem I de Montpellier b. Est 950 d. 1019
-->I.2 Guillem II de Montpellier
-->I.3 Guillem III, Sire de Montpellier b. Est 1005 d. 1058 m. Beliarde
-->I.4 Guillem IV, Sire de Montpellier b. Est 1028 d. 1068 m. Ermengarde de Melgueil
-->I.5 Guillem V, Sire de Montpellier b. Abt 1075 d. Bef 21 Feb 1122


     II. Med Lands shows:
II.1 Guillaume I, Seigneur de Montpellier b. 955 d. 1024
-->II.2.1 Berenger/Bernard
-->II.2.2 Guillaume II [Bernard] de Montpellier, Seigneur de Montpellier b. unk d. bef 1059 m. Beliarde
-->II.3 Guillaume III de Montpellier, Seigneur de Montpellier b. unk d. aft 10689
(Unassigned) II.4 Bernard Guillaume IV de Montpelier, Seigneur de Montpellier b. unk d. 1085 m (unlikely) Ermengarde de Melgueil (Med Lands states: "He was the brother of Guillaume III according to Duhamel-Amado[755] and Baumel[756], but his son according to Settipani[757]."
-->II.5 Guillaume V de Montpellier, Seigneur de Montpellier b. unk d. Bef 21 Feb 1122, betrothed NN de Melgueil; m. Ermesende
Med Lands cites (for II.4 Bernard Guillaume IV):
     [755] Duhamel-Amado (2001), p. 262. [J.-C. Chuat]
[756] Baumel (1980), p. 56. [J.-C. Chuat]
[757] Settipani (1988), p. 48, and Settipani (2004), p. 143 footnote 3.

0
     III. Wikipédia (FR) - Liste des seigneurs de Montpellier offers the following (dates are for reigns, not necessarily birth and death, though the end of a reign usually coincided with an individual's death)
III.1 Guilhem I de Montpellier 985 - ca 1025
III.2. Bérenger/Bernard de Montpellier
-->III.2. Guilhem II de Montpellier, ca 1025 - ca 1059, nephew of the Guilhem I, son of Bérenger (or Bernard) de Montpellier
-->III.3.1 Guilhem III de Montpellier, ca 1059 - ca 1068, son of the Guilhem II
-->III.3.2 Bernard Guilhem IV de Montpellier, ca 1068 - 1085, brother of Guilhem III
-->III.4 Guilhem V de Montpellier,1085 - 1122, son of Guilhem IV


     IV. H&T offer an extensive and well-documented analysis of the verious hypotheses regarding this line and conclude that the most commonly espoused hypothesis shows (see attached image of the diagram from the H&T website):
Siblings:
IV.1.1 Berenger
IV.1.2 Guilhem I [Bernard] de Montpellier m. Chimberge
IV.1.3 Trudgarde b. 960 d. bef 1022 m. Bernard (it is unclear whether Trudgarde or Bernard was the sibling of the other two)
-->IV.2 Guilhem II Bernard m. Beliarde (H&T state: "Guilhem I n’ayant probablement pas eu d’enfant adopte celui de Tudgarde, le fameux Guilhem II Bernard." (Guillem I probably not having children, adopted that of Trudgard, the famous Gillhem II Bernard." [translation by GA Vaut]
-->IV.3 Guilhem III Bernard m. Ermengarde de Narbonne
-->IV.4 Guilhem IV b. 1073 d. 1122 m. Ermessinde


Conclusion: I tend to be swayed by the arguments of Settipani and therefore have adopted the lineage as outlined by Genealogics for Guillem/Guillaume IV and V (father/son). This leaves unanswered the question of whether Guillem/Guillaume II was the son of Guillem/Guillaume I (per Genealogics) or of one of his siblings, Bernard/Berenger (per Med Lands) or Trugarde & Bernard (per H&T). Med Lands, Wikipédia (FR), and H&T disagree with the Genealogics descent, showing Guillaume/Guilhem/Guillem II not as the son of Guillaume/Guilhem/Guillem I, but rather of his sibling, named variously Bernard, Berenger or Bernard/Berenger. For now, I have also adopted H&T's lineage, but continue to search for other information. GA Vaut.^{13,14,15,2,16} He was Seigneur de Montpellier between 1085 and 1122.¹⁵

     Ermessende de Melgueil married Guilhem V de Montpellier Seigneur de Montpellier, son of Bernard Guillaume IV de Montpellier Seigneur de Montpellier and Ermengarde (?) de Melgueil, between 1086 and 1087.^1,6,2,7,8

Ermessende de Melgueil died after 5 June 1156.⁶
      ; Per Genealogy.EU
Rurik 8: "C5. Izyaslav II, Pr of Kursk (1125-29), Pr of Polotsk (1129-32), Pr of Turov (1132-34), Pr of Volynia (1135-42), Pr of Pereyaslav (1142-46), Great Pr of Kiev (1146-49)+(1150)+(1151-54), *Novgorod 1096, +Kiev 13.11.1154; 1m: apparently a Staufen princess (+1151); 2m: 1154 [65794] N (Rusudan?) of Georgia; all children from 1m; for his descendants see http://genealogy.euweb.cz/russia/rurik9.html"
Rurik 9: "Izyaslav, Pr of Kursk (1125-29), Pr of Polotsk (1129-32), Pr of Turov (1132-34), Pr of Volynia (1135-42), Pr of Pereyaslav (1142-46), Great Pr of Kiev (1146-49)+(1150)+(1151-54), *Novgorod 1096, +Kiev 13.11.1154; 1m: apparently a Staufen princess (+1151); 2m: 1154 N (Rusudan?) of Georgia; all children from 1m."^9,10

; Per Med Lands:
     "GUILLAUME [V] de Montpellier, son of BERNARD GUILLAUME [IV] Seigneur de Montpellier & his wife Ermengarde --- (-before 21 Feb 1122). Seigneur de Montpellier. A charter dated to [1080] records an agreement between "Petrus comes" and "Guillelmo de Montepessulano et…Guillelmo-Aimono et…infantibus suis" to settle disputes, naming "pater suus Bernardus Willelmus", and includes the betrothal of "filiam suam" and "Guillelmum suprascriptum"[762]. A charter dated 20 Dec 1090 records an agreement between the bishop of Maguelone and "Guillelmum de Monte peslier filium Ermengarde"[763]. He took part in the First Crusade. Albert of Aix names "…Willelmus de Montphelyr…" among those who took part in the siege of Nikaia, dated to mid-1097 from the context[764]. Tudebodus names "Willelmo de Monte Pislerio" among those who sailed with Raymond de Saint-Gilles Comte de Toulouse in 1097 as part of the First Crusade[765]. William of Tyre names "Willelmus de Monte Pessulano" among those present at the capture of Antioch in 1098[766]. In Dec 1098, he commanded a contingent which captured Maarat an-Numan[767]. Before going to Palestine, Guillaume [V] borrowed money from Bernard Guillaume and Raimond Guillaume Bishop of Nîmes, both sons of Guillaume Aimon, giving in exchange several feudal rights which he strained to recover when he returned[768]. William of Malmesbury records that "William of Montpellier" accompanied the widow and young son of Raymond de Saint-Gilles Comte de Toulouse back to Europe in [1105][769]. Under his testament dated 1114 made “pergens contra paganos ad expugnandam Majoricam insulam”, “Guillelmus Montipessulani” bequeathed “castellum d´Omelas” to “Bernardo de Andusia fratri meo et infantibus suis”[770]. This testament confirms the second marriage of Guillaume´s mother, although Europäische Stammtafeln interprets this strangely as meaning that Bernard was the son of Guillaume [IV][771]. "Guillelmus de Montepessulano filius Guillelmi de Monte pessulano" swore allegiance to the bishop of Maguelone by charter dated to [1119][772]. Under his testament dated 1121, "Guillelmi Montispessulani, filii Ermeniardis" bequeathed the town of Montpellier to "Guillelmo filio meo majori", the castra of Aumelas, Montarnaud, Popian, Saint-Pons[-de-Mauchiens] and Maderns to "Guillelmo filio meo minori", the castrum of Villeneuve -lès-Maguelone, Hérault to "Bernardo filio meo", specifying the order of possible substitutions his daughters Guillemette, then Ermenardis and finally Adelais, and also specifying that his wife was pregnant requesting a male child to be made a monk at "Sanc[ti Salvatori Aniane"[773].
     "Per Med Lands: [:TAB:]"GUILLAUME [V] de Montpellier, son of BERNARD GUILLAUME [IV] Seigneur de Montpellier & his wife Ermengarde --- (-before 21 Feb 1122). Seigneur de Montpellier. A charter dated to [1080] records an agreement between "Petrus comes" and "Guillelmo de Montepessulano et…Guillelmo-Aimono et…infantibus suis" to settle disputes, naming "pater suus Bernardus Willelmus", and includes the betrothal of "filiam suam" and "Guillelmum suprascriptum"[762]. A charter dated 20 Dec 1090 records an agreement between the bishop of Maguelone and "Guillelmum de Monte peslier filium Ermengarde"[763]. He took part in the First Crusade. Albert of Aix names "…Willelmus de Montphelyr…" among those who took part in the siege of Nikaia, dated to mid-1097 from the context[764]. Tudebodus names "Willelmo de Monte Pislerio" among those who sailed with Raymond de Saint-Gilles Comte de Toulouse in 1097 as part of the First Crusade[765]. William of Tyre names "Willelmus de Monte Pessulano" among those present at the capture of Antioch in 1098[766]. In Dec 1098, he commanded a contingent which captured Maarat an-Numan[767]. Before going to Palestine, Guillaume [V] borrowed money from Bernard Guillaume and Raimond Guillaume Bishop of Nîmes, both sons of Guillaume Aimon, giving in exchange several feudal rights which he strained to recover when he returned[768]. William of Malmesbury records that "William of Montpellier" accompanied the widow and young son of Raymond de Saint-Gilles Comte de Toulouse back to Europe in [1105][769]. Under his testament dated 1114 made “pergens contra paganos ad expugnandam Majoricam insulam”, “Guillelmus Montipessulani” bequeathed “castellum d´Omelas” to “Bernardo de Andusia fratri meo et infantibus suis”[770]. This testament confirms the second marriage of Guillaume´s mother, although Europäische Stammtafeln interprets this strangely as meaning that Bernard was the son of Guillaume [IV][771]. "Guillelmus de Montepessulano filius Guillelmi de Monte pessulano" swore allegiance to the bishop of Maguelone by charter dated to [1119][772]. Under his testament dated 1121, "Guillelmi Montispessulani, filii Ermeniardis" bequeathed the town of Montpellier to "Guillelmo filio meo majori", the castra of Aumelas, Montarnaud, Popian, Saint-Pons[-de-Mauchiens] and Maderns to "Guillelmo filio meo minori", the castrum of Villeneuve [-lès-Maguelone, Hérault to "Bernardo filio meo", specifying the order of possible substitutions his daughters Guillemette, then Ermenardis and finally Adelais, and also specifying that his wife was pregnant requesting a male child to be made a monk at "Sancti Salvatori Aniane"[773]. [:TAB:]"[m] (Betrothed [1080]) --- de Melgeuil, daughter of PIERRE Comte de Melgueil & his wife Almodis de Toulouse (-after 5 Jun 1156). A charter dated to [1080] records an agreement between "Petrus comes" and "Guillelmo de Montepessulano et…Guillelmo-Aimono et…infantibus suis" to settle disputes and includes the betrothal of "filiam suam" and "Guillelmum suprascriptum"[774]. [:TAB:]"m ERMESENDE, daughter of --- (-after 5 Jun 1156). The name of Guillaume [V]’s wife is confirmed by the charter of her son "Guillelmus de Montispessulano, filius Ermesende"[775]. No primary source has been found which confirms that Ermesende was the daughter of Pierre de Melgueil to whom Guillaume was betrothed in [1080]. The chronology is not ideal for this co-identity. Pierre de Melgueil’s marriage is dated to [1065]. His daughter could have been born between 1066 and (assuming that she was still a young child when betrothed) [1075/78]. Assuming twelve years old as the minimum age for a daughter’s marriage at the time, the ceremony would have taken place between 1080 and [1090], a date range which is early when compared with the likely births of Guillaume [V]’s children in the late 1090s/early 1100s (estimated from the marriage dates of three of them). Another problem with this possible co-identity arises from the marriage of Ermesende’s daughter with Bernard [V] Comte de Melgueil, who would have been his wife’s first cousin if Ermesende had been Pierre de Melgueil’s daughter: no reference has been found to a Papal dispensation for this marriage, which may in any case have been difficult to obtain given such a close family relationship. Reference to one of Ermesende’s family connections is provided by the testament of [her son] "Guillelmus de Montispessulano, filius Ermesende", dated 11 Dec 1146, which names “Poncio de Mataplana consobrino mei” [Ponce de Mataplana, son of Bernat Ug [de Mataplana] & his second wife Estefanía [Etiennette/Stéphanie] ---] taking an eventual role in the guardianship of his children with the consent of “matris mee”[776]. The term “consobrinus” would normally translate as “first cousin” (although it could indicate more remote family relationships[777]), while the requirement for the consent of the testator’s mother suggests that the relationship was on the maternal side of Guillaume [VI]’s family. If that is correct, one of Pons’s parents would have been Ermesende’s sibling. A tentative reconstruction of the Mataplana family suggests that this would have been Ponce’s mother Estefanía [Etiennette/Stéphanie] (as discussed in more detail in the document CATALONIA NOBILITY). Suggesting the family origin of these two possible sisters would be speculative. Under his testament dated 11 Dec 1146, "Guillelmus de Montispessulano, filius Ermesende" mentions his mother as still alive ("pretera post obitum domine mee matris, infirmis")[778]. The testament of [her son] “Guillelmus de Omellacio”, dated 5 Jun 1156, bequeathes “usumfructum honoris...de Valle“ to “matri meæ Ermesendi“[779]." Med Lands cites: [LIND:][762] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 346, col. 667. [763] Montpellier Guillems, Fascicule I, XL, p. 69. [764] Albert of Aix (RHC), Liber II, Cap. XXIII, p. 316. [765] Tudebodus, V, p. 33. [766] William of Tyre, VI.XVII, p. 263. [767] Runciman (1978), Vol. 1, p. 259. [768] Liber Montpellier C, CI, CX. [J.-C. Chuat] [769] William of Malmesbury, II, 388, p. 338. [770] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome IV, Preuves, XXVI, p. 361, and 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 450, col. 841. [771] ES III 445. [772] Montpellier Guillems, Fascicule I, XLII, p. 74. [773] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome IV, Preuves, XLVII, p. 378, and 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 474, col. 889. [774] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 346, col. 667. [775] Montpellier Guillems, Fascicule II, XCV, p. 177. [776] Montpellier Guillems, Fascicule II, XCV, p. 177. [777] Cawley ‘Was my grandmother...’ (2015), p. 40. [778] Montpellier Guillems, Fascicule II, XCV, p. 177. [779] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome IV, Preuves, CLXII, p. 480.[:LIND] [HID:][Genealogics][:HID] (Betrothed [1080]) --- de Melgeuil, daughter of PIERRE Comte de Melgueil & his wife Almodis de Toulouse (-after 5 Jun 1156). A charter dated to [1080] records an agreement between "Petrus comes" and "Guillelmo de Montepessulano et…Guillelmo-Aimono et…infantibus suis" to settle disputes and includes the betrothal of "filiam suam" and "Guillelmum suprascriptum"[774].
     "m ERMESENDE, daughter of --- (-after 5 Jun 1156). The name of Guillaume [V]’s wife is confirmed by the charter of her son "Guillelmus de Montispessulano, filius Ermesende"[775]. No primary source has been found which confirms that Ermesende was the daughter of Pierre de Melgueil to whom Guillaume was betrothed in [1080]. The chronology is not ideal for this co-identity. Pierre de Melgueil’s marriage is dated to [1065]. His daughter could have been born between 1066 and (assuming that she was still a young child when betrothed) [1075/78]. Assuming twelve years old as the minimum age for a daughter’s marriage at the time, the ceremony would have taken place between 1080 and [1090], a date range which is early when compared with the likely births of Guillaume [V]’s children in the late 1090s/early 1100s (estimated from the marriage dates of three of them). Another problem with this possible co-identity arises from the marriage of Ermesende’s daughter with Bernard [V] Comte de Melgueil, who would have been his wife’s first cousin if Ermesende had been Pierre de Melgueil’s daughter: no reference has been found to a Papal dispensation for this marriage, which may in any case have been difficult to obtain given such a close family relationship. Reference to one of Ermesende’s family connections is provided by the testament of [her son] "Guillelmus de Montispessulano, filius Ermesende", dated 11 Dec 1146, which names “Poncio de Mataplana consobrino mei” [Ponce de Mataplana, son of Bernat Ug [de Mataplana] & his second wife Estefanía [Etiennette/Stéphanie] ---] taking an eventual role in the guardianship of his children with the consent of “matris mee”[776]. The term “consobrinus” would normally translate as “first cousin” (although it could indicate more remote family relationships[777]), while the requirement for the consent of the testator’s mother suggests that the relationship was on the maternal side of Guillaume [VI]’s family. If that is correct, one of Pons’s parents would have been Ermesende’s sibling. A tentative reconstruction of the Mataplana family suggests that this would have been Ponce’s mother Estefanía [Etiennette/Stéphanie] (as discussed in more detail in the document CATALONIA NOBILITY). Suggesting the family origin of these two possible sisters would be speculative. Under his testament dated 11 Dec 1146, "Guillelmus de Montispessulano, filius Ermesende" mentions his mother as still alive ("pretera post obitum domine mee matris, infirmis")[778]. The testament of [her son] “Guillelmus de Omellacio”, dated 5 Jun 1156, bequeathes “usumfructum honoris...de Valle“ to “matri meæ Ermesendi“[779]."
Med Lands cites: EDV-26.

Reference: Genealogics cites: Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag Marburg., Detlev Schwennicke, Editor, Reference: III 445.¹¹

; Per Med Lands:
     "--- de Melgueil (-after 5 Jun 1156). A charter dated to [1080] records an agreement between "Petrus comes" and "Guillelmo de Montepessulano et…Guillelmo-Aimono et…infantibus suis" to settle disputes and includes the betrothal of "filiam suam" and "Guillelmum suprascriptum"[511]. The name of Guillaume [V]’s wife is confirmed by the charter of her son "Guillelmus de Montispessulano, filius Ermesende"[512], and the testament of [her son] “Guillelmus de Omellacio”, dated 5 Jun 1156, which bequeathes “usumfructum honoris...de Valle“ to “matri meæ Ermesendi“[513]. However, no primary source has been found which confirms that Ermesende was the daughter of Pierre de Melgueil to whom Guillaume had been betrothed in [1080]. The chronology is not ideal for this co-identity. Pierre de Melgueil’s marriage is dated to [1065]. His daughter could have been born between 1066 and (assuming that she was still a young child when betrothed) [1075/78]. Assuming twelve years old as the minimum age for a daughter’s marriage at the time, the ceremony would have taken place between 1080 and [1090], a date range which is early when compared with the likely births of Guillaume [V]’s children in the late 1090s/early 1100s (estimated from the marriage dates of three of them). Another problem with this possible co-identity arises from the marriage of Ermesende’s daughter with Bernard [V] Comte de Melgueil, who would have been his wife’s first cousin if Ermesende had been Pierre de Melgueil’s daughter: no reference has been found to a Papal dispensation for this marriage, which may in any case have been difficult to obtain given such a close family relationship.
     "[m] (Betrothed [1080]) GUILLAUME [V] Seigneur de Montpellier, son of GUILLAUME [IV] Seigneur de Montpellier & his wife Ermengarde --- (-before 21 Feb 1122)."
Med Lands cites:

     Geraud (?) de Montignac married Nonia (?) de Granol.^2,1

      ; Leo van de Pas cites: Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag Marburg., Detlev Schwennicke, Editor, Reference: III 819.¹

     Nonia (?) de Granol married Geraud (?) de Montignac.^1,2

      ; Leo van de Pas cites: Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag Marburg., Detlev Schwennicke, Editor, Reference: III 819.¹

     Raimund (?) de Toulouse died; died young.¹
     ; Per Bunot email: Guillaume III, comte de Toulouse (+ after 1037) m. (1) Arsinde d'Arles (d/o Guillaume and Arsinde de Comminges), two sons Henri and Raymond (both + young); m. (2) 1008/21, Emma de Provence (+ 1029/30), an heiress, she also introduced the name Bertrand inherited from the Gevaudan family (d/o Roubaud II and Ermengarde, himself s/o Roubaud I and Emnilde de Gevaudan), two sons Pons-Guillaume/Pons II and Bertrand apanaged in Provence”.⁴

     Melisende de Lusignan was born before 1055.² She married Simon I "l'Archevêque" de Parthenay Vidame de Parthenay before 1074.^6,1,7

      ; Per Med Lands:
     "MELISENDE . Her parentage and marriage are indicated by the Chronique de Maillezais which records in 1118 “V Id Aug” that “comes [Willelmus]” fought “Symone Partenacensi et avunculo suo Ugone” [presumably indicating Hugues [VII] Seigneur de Lusignan, who would have been Simon [II]’s first cousin][298]. The primary source which confirms her name has not been identified.
     "m SIMON [I] de Parthenay, son of GUILLAUME Seigneur de Parthenay & his wife Arengarde --- (-[1075]). "
Med Lands cites: [298] Besly (1647), Ex Chronico Malleac., p. 449.⁸

Reference: Genealogics cites: Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag Marburg., Detlev Schwennicke, Editor, Reference: XIV 48.⁹ Melisende de Lusignan was living in 1070.¹

     Simon I "l'Archevêque" de Parthenay Vidame de Parthenay married Melisende de Lusignan, daughter of Hugues V "'le Debonnaire/le Pieux' de Lusignan Seigneur de Lusignan et de Couhé. and Almodis de La Marche, before 1074.^3,4,5

Simon I "l'Archevêque" de Parthenay Vidame de Parthenay died circa 1075.³
      ; Genealogics cites: Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag Marburg., Detlev Schwennicke, Editor, Reference: XIV 48.¹

; Per Med Lands:
     "SIMON [I] de Parthenay (-[1075]). A charter dated 1047 records a donation by "Willelmo de Parteniaco", with the consent of "uxor hujus Willelmi Parteniacensis, Arengarda et filius eius prior natu Willelmus et frater eius Goscelinus Sancti Hylarii thesaurarius, et Symon et Geldoinus", to Saintes Notre-Dame[1580]. "Goscelinus Beati Hylarii thesaurarii et Symo frater meus" confirmed the donation by "pater meus Willelmus de Parteniaco" to Saintes Notre-Dame by charter dated 1058, signed by "fratres nostri Geldoinus…de Tauniaco et Ebonellus…Beatricis sororis eorum, Hugonis et Willelmi nepotum eorum, Hugonis vicecomitis de Castro Airaudi…"[1581]. "Ostencius oppidi Talleburgensis dominus" donated "molendina...et prata et silva" in the territory of Notre-Dame de Saintes, which was “sub potestate duorum militum erat, Guidonis...Lemovicensis nepotis vicecomitis Oenacensis et Helie filii Achardi de Borno”, to the monastery, in the presence of “...Symone de Parteniaco...”, by charter dated 1067[1582].
     "m MELISENDE de Lusignan, daughter of HUGUES [V] "le Pieux" Seigneur de Lusignan & his wife Almodis de la Marche. Her parentage and marriage are indicated by the Chronique de Maillezais which records in 1118 “V Id Aug” that “comes [Willelmus]” fought “Symone Partenacensi et avunculo suo Ugone” [presumably indicating Hugues [VII] Seigneur de Lusignan, who would have been Simon [II]’s first cousin], when Simon was captured[1583]. The primary source which confirms her name has not been identified."
Med Lands cites:

     Senégonde de Marcillac married Cadelon II-III (?) Vicomte d'Aulnay, son of Cadelon I (?) Vicomte d'Aulnay and Geila (?), in 958
;
His 1st wife.^2,3,1
      ; Per Med Lands:
     "CADELON [II] ([915/20][22]-[967/87). "Guillelmum…Pictavorum comes" transferred land by charter dated Dec 948 subscribed by "…Cadeloni, iterum Cadeloni vicarii…"[23]. Vicomte d'Aulnay. "Arberti vicecomitis, Cadelomis vicecomitis, Airaldi vicecomitis..." subscribed the charter dated 951 under which "Willelmus Dux rectorque Aquitaniorum" donated serfs to Angers Saint-Jean[24]. "Guillelmus…Aquitanici ducatus comes" was present in a property transaction recorded by charter dated Jul 959 subscribed by "…Cadeloni vicecomiti…"[25]. "…Chadelonis vicecomitis" subscribed a charter dated [960] which records the restoration by "Eblo episcopus Lemovice civitatis et comes Pictavorum" of the abbey of Saint-Maixent[26]. "…Cadelonis vicecomitis" subscribed a charter dated [963/75] under which "nobilis quedam mulier Oda" donated property to St Cyprien, Poitiers "pro redemptione anime sue et senioris sui Isemberti"[27]. "…Cadeloni vicecomitis…" subscribed the charter dated Jan [965/66] under which "Ebulus…Lemovicensium sedis episcopus" donated property to Saint-Maixent[28]. "Adraldo vicecomes, Arbertus vicecomes, Kadeloni vicecomes…" subscribed the charter dated Jan 969 under which "Wilelmus…Aquitaniensium dux et cœnobii…Hylarii abbas" donated property to "Mainardo", at the request of "patruus noster domnus Ebolus, sancte Lemovicensis sedis episcopus atque…beati Hylarii archiclavus"[29].
     "m firstly SENEGONDE, daughter of --- (-[May 964/966]). "Kadelo vicecomes et uxor sua Senegundis" donated property to St Cyprien by charter dated 963 or 964 subscribed by "…Kadelonis filii ipsorum, Adraldi vicecomitis"[30]. "Katalo vicecomes et uxor mea Senegundis" donated property "in pago Briocinse in ipsa vicaria…villam Vindolemia…et in pago Aunisio" to the abbey of Saint-Maixent by charter dated May 964 subscribed by "Ebuli, Ebboni, Kadeloni, Ode, Goscelmi…"[31]. "Senegundis" donated property "in pago Alnisio" to Saint-Maixent by charter dated May 964 subscribed by "Cadelonis, Ebulonis, Ode, Aldeardis, Goscelmi"[32]. These two donations were probably made when Senegundis was dying (although neither document expressly states this to be the case) as her husband is recorded within two years with his second wife.
     "m secondly ARSENDIS, daughter of ---. "Kadelo vicecomes et uxor sua Arsendis et frater eius vicecomes Ebblus" donated property to St Cyprien by charter dated 966 or 967[33]. The reference to Ebles clarifies that this document refers to Cadelon [III] not to his son Cadelon [IV] (whose wife was also named Arsendis)."
Med Lands cites: GAV-29.

Reference: Genealogics cites: Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag Marburg., Detlev Schwennicke, Editor, Reference: III 810, 814.¹ Senégonde de Marcillac was living in 964.¹

     Arsende (?) married Hugues III "le Blanc" de Lusignan Seigneur de Lusignan, son of Hugues II "le Cher" de Lusignan, in 967.^1,2,3,4

Arsende (?) died after 1004.¹
      ; Per Med Lands:
     "HUGUES [III] "Albus" de Lusignan (-[1012]). The Chronicle of Saint-Maixent names "Hugonis Kari" as builder of "castrum Liziniacum…primus castrum" and father of "Hugonis Albi"[273]. Seigneur de Lusignan. "Gaulterius cognomento Granerius et uxor eius Anna, Alba cognominata" donated "ecclesiam Sancti Vicentii de Masels" to St Cyprien, Poitiers by charter dated to [1004/20], subscribed by "Hugonis Albi, de cujus casamento erat…"[274].
     "m ([967]) [ARSENDE], daughter of [--- de Vivonne & his wife ---]. "Ugo Liziniacensis domnus" donated property to St Cyprien, Poitiers by charter dated to [1012/18], subscribed by "Arsendis matris eius"[275], although it is not known with certainty that this document relates to her son Hugues [IV]. An indication of her possible family origin is provided by the manuscript, entitled "Conventus inter Comitem et Ugonem" by Besly, which records an agreement between "comes Pictavorum et præsul Gislebertus" (on the one part) and "Ioscelino avunculo Hugoni" (on the other), regarding the transfer of "castro…Vicredoni" to the latter after the death of the bishop, and after the death of both the first parties an agreement between "comes" and "episcopo Isemberto et Ugoni" transferred a half interest in the castle to the latter[276]. If "avunculo" in this document is interpreted strictly, Joscelin was the maternal uncle of Hugues. Duguet suggests[277] that these were the same persons as "Gauzscelini, Rosce uxoris sue…Ugonis nepotis Gauszelini" who witnessed the charter dated to [1004/15] under which "Gaufredus et uxor sua Oda" donated "alodium suum in villa Batrezia in vicaria Vicodonense" to Poitiers Saint-Cyprien[278]."
Med Lands cites:

; Per Racines et Histoire (Lusignan): "Hugues III de Lusignan «Le Blanc» («Albus») + 1012
     ép. ~967 Arsende (Arsendis) (citée acte 1010 ; donations à Saint-Cyprien de Poitiers entre 1012 et 1018 ; souscrit les actes de son fils à Saint-Cyprien sous le roi Robert.)⁵" GAV-28.

Reference: Genealogics cites: Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag Marburg., Detlev Schwennicke, Editor, Reference: III 815.⁶

; Per Med Lands:
     "[ARSENDE] . If "avunculo" is interpreted strictly in the document quoted above, Joscelin de Vivonne was the maternal uncle of Hugues [IV] de Lusignan. "Ugo Liziniacensis domnus" donated property to St Cyprien, Poitiers by charter dated to [1012/18], subscribed by "Arsendis matris eius"[470], although it is not known with certainty that this document relates to her son Hugues [IV].
     "m HUGUES [III] "Albus" de Lusignan, son of HUGUES [II] "Carus/le Cher" de Lusignan & his wife --- (-[1012]). "
Med Lands cites: [470] Poitiers Saint-Cyprien 49, p. 49.⁷ She was living in 1004.¹

     Hugues II "le Cher" de Lusignan was born circa 920.¹
Hugues II "le Cher" de Lusignan died after 1009.¹
      ; Leo van de Pas cites: Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag Marburg., Detlev Schwennicke, Editor, Reference: III 815.¹

; He rebuilt chateau de Lusignan.³ GAV-30. He was living in 1009.¹

     Hugues I "le Veneur" de Lusignan Sire de Lusignan was born circa 900.¹
      ; Although the origins of his family are unknown, according to mythology it is descended from a young lord and Melusine, the spirit of the fountain of Lusignan, a forest spring in Poitou. This young lord was wandering in the woods where he found Melusine, a young and beautiful girl, and proposed marriage. She accepted him on condition that he never saw her on a Saturday. They married and lived happy for a long time, producing a son-and-heir. They also built the castle of Lusignan from which the family took its name. However, the legend has it that one Saturday her husband could restrain his curiosity no longer and peeped at her secretly. To his astonishment she had become a snake ---symbol of water---from the hips downwards. His surprise betrayed his presence, whereupon Melusine gave a shriek and---quite literally, having as well grown bat-like wings as portrayed in a 15th century painting in the form of a strip cartoon---flew out through a window of the castle, never to be seen again.¹ GAV-31.

; Leo van de Pas cites: Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag Marburg., Detlev Schwennicke, Editor, Reference: III 815.¹

     Ponce/Poncie/Poncia (?) married Adalbert/Aldebert II (?) Comte de La Marche, son of Bernard I (?) Comte de La Marche, chatelain de Bellac, avoue de Charroux and Aina/Amelia de Montignac, circa 1080.^1,2,3,4,5

Ponce/Poncie/Poncia (?) died after 1080.¹
      ; Per Racines et Histoire: "Adalbert II de la Marche ° ~1032 + 1088 comte de La Marche (~ 1038/47) (souscrit charte 1047 de Guillaume d’Auvergne don à Charroux ; charte aquitaine 1058/68) ép. ~1080 Poncie (Poncia.)⁴"


; Per Med Lands:
     "AUDEBERT [II] de la Marche (-1088). The Chronicle of Saint-Maxence names "Audeberti comitis Marchiæ…filius Bernardi, qui fuit Audeberti, qui fuit Bosonis, qui Sulpicii, qui fuit Godfredi primi comitis de Karrofo"[43]. He succeeded his father [1038/1047] as Comte de la Marche. "…Audeberti comitis de Marca…" subscribed the charter dated [1047] under which "Guilelmus…princeps Arvernorum" donated property to the abbey of Charroux[44]. "Audebertus comes filius Bernardi et frater meus Odo et mater nostra, necnon Aymericus de Gentiaco et Giraldus filius eius" relinquished rights "in curte Mariaco" in favour of Nouaillé by charter dated Jun [1040/48][45]. "Aldeberti comitis" subscribed the charter dated [1058/68] of "Aquitanorum…dux Gaufridus"[46]. “Hildebertus comes...et Odo frater eiusdem Hildeberti” confirmed the acquisition of “terram Montis Johannis” by Limoges Saint-Etienne by charter dated to [1081][47]. The Chronicle of Saint-Maxence records the death in 1088 of "Audebertus comes de Marchia" and the succession of "Boso filius eius"[48].
     "m PONCE, daughter of ---. The primary source which confirms her marriage has not yet been identified. [1080]."
Med Lands cites: GAV-25.

Reference: Leo van de Pas cites: Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag Marburg., Detlev Schwennicke, Editor, Reference: III 819.¹ She was living in 1080.¹

     Raymond I d'Anduze Sire d'Anduze, de Barre, et de Peyremale married Ermengarde (?) de Melgueil, daughter of Raymond I de Melgueil Comte de Melgueil and Beatrix (?) de Poitou/d'Aquitaine,
; her 2nd husband.^1,2
Raymond I d'Anduze Sire d'Anduze, de Barre, et de Peyremale died after 1078.¹
     Reference: Genealogics cites: Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag Marburg., Detlev Schwennicke, Editor, Reference: XIV 35.¹

; Per Med Lands:
     "The husband of Ermengarde has not been identified with certainty, but the reference to “Anduze” suggests that he was related in some way to the earlier Sauve/Anduze families. Ludovic Noirie suggests that he was the son of Pierre Bermond [I] de Sauve[808]. Another possibility is that he was the possible older brother of Raymond [de Sauve] [de Mandagout] who is noted above, maybe born from an earlier marriage of their father which would explain why Mandagout passed to Raymond. Either case appears feasible from a chronological point of view. Ludovic Noirie suggests that Ermengarde’s husband was named “Bérenger”, basing this hypothesis on two charters from Gellone[809]:
     "The “parrochia Aulatis” [Aulas] is adjacent to Le Vigan, in the area between the territories of the Roquefeuil (to the west) and Anduze (to the east) families[812]. “Retlossat” has not been identified.
     "These two documents suggest three interconnected sub-families:
     "One difficulty with this otherwise rather appealing hypothesis is the relative absence of the name Bérenger in later generations of the Anduze family.

     "--- [d´Anduze] . The possible identity of Ermengarde’s husband is discussed above. No document has been identified in which he is named seigneur d’Anduze although, from the sources quoted below, Anduze appears to have been inherited by his son. This person must have enjoyed some local status to have married the widow of the seigneur de Montpellier. m (after [1085]) as her second husband, ERMENGARDE, widow of BERNARD GUILLAUME [IV] Seigneur de Montpellier, daughter of --- (-[1109]). Her son by her first marriage is named "Guillelmus filius Ermengardæ dominus Montispessulani" in a charter dated 1093[813]. The primary source which confirms her family origin has not been identified. Ermengarde is often stated to be the daughter of Raymond [I] Comte de Melgueil & his wife Beatrix [de Poitou]. The documentation on which this is based has not been identified and it seems unlikely to be correct considering that her son Guillaume [V] Seigneur de Montpellier would have been betrothed to his first cousin for which a Papal dispensation would be unlikely to be granted at that time. Her second marriage is confirmed by the testament dated 1114 made “pergens contra paganos ad expugnandam Majoricam insulam”, by her son “Guillelmus Montipessulani” which bequeathed “castellum d´Omelas” to “Bernardo de Andusia fratri meo et infantibus suis”[814]. Europäische Stammtafeln interprets this strangely as meaning that Bernard was the son of Bernard Guillaume [IV][815]. --- & his wife had one child:
Med Lands cites: He was living in 1078.¹

     Helvis (?) married Barisanus (?) Connetable de Jaffa before 1122.^1,2

      ; Per Med Lands:
     "BALIAN [I] ([1070/80]-[Feb 1141/27 Sep 1145). The origin of Balian is not known. According to the Lignages d'Outremer, "Balian le Fransois fu frere au comte Guillaumin de Chartres" but this seems unlikely, the same source conflating Balian [I] with Balian [II][780]. Baudouin I King of Jerusalem confirmed donations to the church of St Marie, Josaphat by charter dated to [1115], including a donation by "…Barianus constabularius Joppæ…"[781]. William of Tyre records "Barisanus Joppe constabularius" among those present at the Council of Nablus in 1120 at which Gormundus Patriarch of Jerusalem delivered a sermon[782]. "Balyanus Joppensis constabularius" donated property to the church of St Jean, Nablus, for the salvation of "uxoris Heluissæ", by charter dated May 1122, confirmed by "Hugone Rametensi, Balduino fratre eius domino Mirabelli, necnon Baliano"[783]. "Barisanus constabularius Joppensis" donated "casale Algie in territorio Ascalonis" to the Hospitallers, with the consent of "Hugonis domini Joppensis, et Emmæ uxoris", by charter dated 17 Jan 1126[784]. William of Tyre records him as "Balianus senior" in 1132[785], suggesting that he was the father of another Balian. Balian was mentioned as a deceased benefactor, along with Guillaume of Bures (who was alive in Feb 1141), in the document confirming the constitution of the hospital of Notre Dame de Josephat, which was sealed by Guillaume Patriarch of Jerusalem, who died 27 Sep 1145, and so although undated must have been issued before that date[786].
     "m HELVIS, daughter of ---. "Balyanus Joppensis constabularius" donated property to the church of St Jean, Nablus, for the salvation of "uxoris Heluissæ", by charter dated May 1122, confirmed by "Hugone Rametensi, Balduino fratre eius domino Mirabelli, necnon Baliano"[787]. "
Med Lands cites: EDV-27.

     Anna(?) (?) von Pommern married Volodar Rostislavich (?) Prince of Tmutorokan and Przemysl, son of Rostislav Vladimirovitch (?) Prince of Rostov, Novgorod and Vladimir-Volhynsk and Lanka (?) of Hungary.^1,2

      ; Per Med Lands:
     "VOLODAR Rostislavich, son of ROSTISLAV Vladimirovich Prince of Rostov, Novgorod and Volynia, later Prince of Tmutorokan, & [Lanka] of Hungary (-19 Mar 1124). The Primary Chronicle names David son of Igor and Volodar son of Rostislav, recording that they captured Ratibor, agent of Vsevolod Grand Prince of Kiev, and established themselves as princes at Tmutorakan[616]. He was expelled in turn by Oleg Sviatoslavich who returned from Constantinople in 1083[617]. Prince of Peremyshl. He was confirmed as Prince of Peremyshl under the terms of the family accord reached at Liubech in 1097[618].
     "m [ANNA] von Pommern, daughter of ---. Baumgarten names her and records her marriage, citing a secondary source in support[619].
     "Volodar & his wife had four children ... [620]"
Med Lands cites:

Reference: Genealogics cites: Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag Marburg., Detlev Schwennicke, Editor, Reference: II 128.¹

     Yaroslav I "Osmomysl" Vladimirkovitch (?) Prince of Galicia was born circa 1135.^2,5 He married Olga Georgievna (?) of Suzdal, daughter of Yuri I Dolguruki "Longarm" (?) Prince of Rostow & Suzdal, Grand Duke of Kiev and Aepa (?) of the Polowcen, in 1150
;
His 1st wife.^6,2,7,5,8 Yaroslav I "Osmomysl" Vladimirkovitch (?) Prince of Galicia and Olga Georgievna (?) of Suzdal were divorced in 1171.⁷
Yaroslav I "Osmomysl" Vladimirkovitch (?) Prince of Galicia died on 1 October 1187.^1,2
      ; Per Genealogics:
     "Jaroslav, known as 'Osmomysl', was born about 1135, the son of Vladimirko Vladimirovitch, prince of Halicz, and a daughter of Kálmán, king of Hungary. He was the most famous prince of Halicz (now in Western Ukraine) from the first dynasty of its rulers. His sobriquet, meaning 'Eight-Minded' in Old East Slavic, was granted to him in recognition of his wisdom. Some scholars even assert that Jaroslav was fluent in eight languages.
     "Jaroslav assumed the throne in 1153. His foreign policy tended towards alliance with the kings of Hungary and Poland, and against the grand princes of Kiev, who supported Jaroslav's cousin Ivan Berladnik in his attempts to take possession of several towns bordering Volhynia. After many years of warfare, Jaroslav managed to ensure Berladnik's expulsion to Byzantium.
     "Jaroslav married Olga Georgievna of Suzdal, daughter of his father's friend Youry Dolgoruki, prince of Rostow and Suzdal, grand duke of Kiev, and a daughter of Aepa, Khan of the Polowcen. They had a son Vladimirko and three daughters. Vladimirko would have two sons who died young, making him the last prince of Halicz. Jaroslav's daughters Jewfrosinja Jaroslavna and Wjatscheslawa Jaroslawna would both marry and have progeny.
     "The latter part of Jaroslav's reign was beset by family troubles. He fell in love with a Haliczian woman named Anastasia (also called Nastasia), took her as a concubine, and in 1172 repudiated his lawful wife Olga. The powerful Haliczian boyars, who were reluctant to accept Anastasia as their queen, instigated a popular uprising, which resulted in Anastasia being burnt at the stake. Jaroslav was compelled to make an oath to live with Olga in peace, but in the next year he had her expelled to her native Suzdal with their son Vladimirko.He bequeathed his throne to a natural son by Anastasia (Oleg, sardonically called Nastasyich by the populace), while the lawful heir Vladimirko initially had to content himself with Przemysl. Very soon his illegitimate brother Oleg was killed and Vladimirko rose to the rule of the entire principality of Halicz.
     "Jaroslav died on 1 October 1187."⁵

; Per Genealogy.EU: "Yaroslav I "Osmomysl", Pr of Galitzia (1153-87), *ca 1135, +1187; m.1150 Olga (+1189), dau.of Great Pr Yuriy of Kiev."²

; Per Wikipedia:
     "Yaroslav Osmomysl (Old East Slavic: ????????? ????????, Osmomysl? Jaroslav?; Ukrainian: ??????? ????????, Yaroslav Volodymyrkovych Osmomysl) (ca. 1135 – 1 October 1187) was the most famous Prince of Halych (now in Western Ukraine) from the first dynasty of its rulers, which descended from Yaroslav I's eldest son. His sobriquet, meaning "Eight-Minded" in Old East Slavic, was granted to him in recognition of his wisdom. Some scholars even assert that Yaroslav was fluent in eight foreign languages.
Biography
     "Son of Volodymyrko of Halych by his wife, a daughter of King Coloman of Hungary, he assumed the throne in 1153. His foreign policy tended towards the alliance with the kings of Hungary and Poland, and against the Grand Princes of Kiev, who supported Yaroslav's cousin Ivan Berladnik in his attempts to take possession of several towns bordering Volynia. After many years of warfare, Yaroslav managed to ensure Berladnik's expulsion to Byzantium.
     "In 1164-65 Andronikos the cousin of Manuel I Komnenos, the Byzantine emperor, escaped from captivity in Byzantium and fled to the court of Yaroslav. This situation, holding out the alarming prospect of Andronikos making a bid for Manuel's throne sponsored by both Galicia (Halych) and Hungary, spurred the Byzantines into an unprecedented flurry of diplomacy. Manuel pardoned Andronikos and persuaded him to return to Constantinople in 1165. Yaroslav of Galicia was persuaded to renounce his Hungarian connections and return fully into the imperial fold. As late as 1200 the princes of Galicia were providing invaluable services against the enemies of the Byzantine Empire, at that time the Cumans.[1]
     "The latter part of his reign was beset by family troubles. He fell in love with one Halychian woman, named Anastasia (also called Nastasia), took her as a concubine, repudiating his lawful wife Olga, the daughter of Yury Dolgoruky, in 1172. The powerful Halychian boyars, who were reluctant to accept Anastasia as their queen, instigated a popular uprising, which resulted in Anastasia's being burnt at the stake. Yaroslav was constrained to deliver the oath to live with Olga in peace but in next year had her expelled to her native Suzdal with a son, Vladimirko. He bequeathed his throne to a natural son by Anastasia (Oleg, sardonically called Nastasyich by the populace), while the lawful heir Vladimirko had to content himself with Przemy?l for the beginning. Very soon, the illegitimate brother Oleg was killed and Vladimirko rose to the entire principality of Halych.
The Tale of Igor's Campaign
     "Yaroslav's daughter Eufrosinia and her husband Igor Svyatoslavich are central figures of the ancient Tale of Igor's Campaign. Yaroslav is mentioned in the text as a powerful and respectable potentate:
     "Eight-minded Yaroslav of Halych! You sit high on your gold-forged throne; you have braced the Hungarian mountains with your iron troops; you have barred the [Hungarian] king's path; you have closed the Danube's gates, hurling weighty missiles over the clouds, spreading your courts to the Danube. Your thunders range over lands; you open Kiev's gates; from the paternal golden throne you shoot at sultans beyond the lands.[2]
Reburial
     "Osmomysl's remains found their final resting place only recently after long period of disturbance. Originally, he was buried in the Assumption Cathedral in ancient Halych (now the village of Krylos, in Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast, Ukraine). In 1939 his stone sarcophagus was discovered by Ukrainian archaeologist Jaroslaw Pasternak, after his long search for the cathedral that was destroyed by Mongol-Tatar hordes and never rebuilt later. It appeared that the burial was looted earlier and Yaroslav's bones were found mixed with bones of a young princess of unknown family. The sarcophagus is displayed in the History museum of Ivano-Frankivsk.
     "Trying to secure his archaeological artifacts from ancient Halych and drawings of the cathedral in Krylos before the Soviet occupation of Western Ukraine, Jaroslaw Pasternak hid them in an undisclosed location shortly after he emigrated to Germany, where he died without disclosing the secret place. The purported remains were found for the second time in 1992, hidden in the crypt of St. George Cathedral in Lviv, by archeologist Yuriy Lukomskyy. After anthropological study, the remains were reburied at the Lviv Cathedral. As a result of study a reconstruction of Yaroslav Osmomysl's face was made.
Y-DNA analysis of the remains
     "In 2016 a tooth from the skull used for Y-DNA analysis, which revealed that it was bearere of E1b1b1 haplogroup . [3]
Issue
     "With his wife, Olga Yurievna of Suzdal (d. 14 July 1189), daughter of Prince Yury Dolgoruky he had four children:
     "With his concubine Anastasia/Nastasia, he had one son:
See also
** List of rulers of Halych and Volhynia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Galicia_and_Volhynia
References
1. D. Obolensky, The Byzantine Commonwealth, 299–302.
2. Trans. Nabokov, Vladimir. The Song of Igor's Campaign: An Epic of the 12th Century. The original untranslated text is “??????? ????????? ????????! ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????????????? ?????, ??????? ???? ???????? ?????? ????????? ?????, ????????? ???????? ????, ????????? ????? ??????, ???? ??????? ????? ??????, ???? ???? ?? ?????. ????? ???? ?? ??????? ??????, ????????? ????? ?????, ????????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ???????? ?? ???????.”
3. Return. The whole truth about the search for the remains of Yaroslav Osmomysl. Investigation Movie (in Russian)
** (in Ukrainian) Pasternak, Ya. Ancient Halych. Krakov-Lviv, 1944
** (in Russian) Maiorov A.V. Galitsko-Volynskaya Rus: Ocherki sotsialno-politicheskikh otnoshenii v domongolskii period. Knyaz, boyare i gorodskaya obschina. St Petersburg, 2001 (in Russian).
External links
** Arkadii Zhukovsky, Yaroslav Osmomysl at Encyclopedia of Ukraine, 2010: http://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CY%5CA%5CYaroslavOsmomysl.htm."⁹

Reference: Genealogics cites: Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag Marburg., Detlev Schwennicke, Editor, Reference: II 129.⁵ Yaroslav I "Osmomysl" Vladimirkovitch (?) Prince of Galicia was also known as Iaroclav Vladimirkovich "Osmomysl" (?) Prince of Glaich.¹⁰ Yaroslav I "Osmomysl" Vladimirkovitch (?) Prince of Galicia was also known as Jaroslav Vladimirkovitch (?) Prince of Halicz.⁵

; Per Med Lands:
     "IAROSLAV Vladimirkovich "Osmomysl" (-1 Oct 1187). He succeeded his father in 1153 as Prince of Galich. A strong leader, he unified the principality which experienced an upsurge of commercial activity during his reign. Together with Mstislav Iziaslavich Prince of Volynia, he had installed Rostislav Mstislavich as Grand Prince of Kiev in 1158. He also supported the accession of Mstislav in 1167[627]. On his death, Galich fell into political disarray and was seized by Hungary[628].
     "m firstly ([1150], repudiated [1185]) OLGA Iurievna, daughter of of IURII Vladimirovich "Dolgorukiy/Longarm" Grand Prince of Kiev & his first wife --- of the Kumans (-1189). She became a nun at Volynia.
     "m secondly ---.
     "Mistress (1): ANASTASIA, daughter of --- (-1171). Prince Iaroslav & his first wife had four children:"
Med Lands cites:

; Per Med Lands: "OLGA Iurievna (-1189). She became a nun at Volynia. m ([1150], repudiated [1185]) as his first wife, IAROSLAV Vladimirkovich "Osmomysl" of Galich, son of VLADIMIRKO Volodarevich Prince of Galich & his wife (-1 Oct 1187). He succeeded his father in 1153 as Prince of Galich."⁸ He was Prince of Galitzia between 1153 and 1187.²

     Olga Georgievna (?) of Suzdal married Yaroslav I "Osmomysl" Vladimirkovitch (?) Prince of Galicia, son of Vladimirko Vladimirovitch (?) 1st Prince of Galitzia/Halicz and (?) (?) of Hungary, in 1150
;
His 1st wife.^1,4,2,8,5 Olga Georgievna (?) of Suzdal and Yaroslav I "Osmomysl" Vladimirkovitch (?) Prince of Galicia were divorced in 1171.²
Olga Georgievna (?) of Suzdal died on 14 July 1181 at Vladimir; Leo van de Pas says d. ca 1185; Rurik 3 page d. bef 1189; Rurik 8 page says d. 14.7.1181.^1,4,2
      ; Per Med Lands:
     "IAROSLAV Vladimirkovich "Osmomysl" (-1 Oct 1187). He succeeded his father in 1153 as Prince of Galich. A strong leader, he unified the principality which experienced an upsurge of commercial activity during his reign. Together with Mstislav Iziaslavich Prince of Volynia, he had installed Rostislav Mstislavich as Grand Prince of Kiev in 1158. He also supported the accession of Mstislav in 1167[627]. On his death, Galich fell into political disarray and was seized by Hungary[628].
     "m firstly ([1150], repudiated [1185]) OLGA Iurievna, daughter of of IURII Vladimirovich "Dolgorukiy/Longarm" Grand Prince of Kiev & his first wife --- of the Kumans (-1189). She became a nun at Volynia.
     "m secondly ---.
     "Mistress (1): ANASTASIA, daughter of --- (-1171). Prince Iaroslav & his first wife had four children:"
Med Lands cites:

Reference: Genealogics cites: Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag Marburg., Detlev Schwennicke, Editor, Reference: II 129.⁷

; Per Med Lands: "OLGA Iurievna (-1189). She became a nun at Volynia. m ([1150], repudiated [1185]) as his first wife, IAROSLAV Vladimirkovich "Osmomysl" of Galich, son of VLADIMIRKO Volodarevich Prince of Galich & his wife (-1 Oct 1187). He succeeded his father in 1153 as Prince of Galich."⁵

     Aepa (?) of the Polowcen married Yuri I Dolguruki "Longarm" (?) Prince of Rostow & Suzdal, Grand Duke of Kiev, son of Vladimir II Vsevolodich "Monomachus" (?) Grand Prince of Kiev and Unknown (?), circa 12 January 1108.^1,4,3

      ; Leo van de Pas cites: Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag Marburg., Detlev Schwennicke, Editor, Reference: II 135.¹

     Jewfrosinja Jaroslavna (?) of Halicz married Igor Svjatoslavitsch (?) Prince of Novgorod and Tschernigov, son of Svjatoslav II Nikolai (?) Prince of Novgorod and Chernigov and Marija/Katharina Petrilovna (?) of Novgorod, before 1177
; Genealogy.EU says m. 1184.^6,2,7,8
      ; Eufrosinia, famous for her song in "The Lay of Igor's Campaign"; m.1184 Igor Svyatoslavich of Chernigov (*3.4.1151, +29.12.1202.)²

; Per Med Lands: "IEFROSINIA Iaroslavna . m IGOR Sviatoslavich Prince of Novgorod-Seversk, son of SVIATOSLAV NIKOLAI Olegovich Prince of Chernigov & his second wife Maria [Ekaterina] of Novgorod (-29 Dec 1202)."⁹

Reference: Genealogics cites: Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag Marburg., Detlev Schwennicke, Editor, Reference: II 132.⁸ Jewfrosinja Jaroslavna (?) of Halicz was also known as Yefrozinia Yaroslavna of Galitzia.² Jewfrosinja Jaroslavna (?) of Halicz was also known as Iefrosinia Iraoslavna.⁹

     Igor Svjatoslavitsch (?) Prince of Novgorod and Tschernigov was born on 3 April 1151.⁵ He married unknown (?) in 1169
; his 1st wife.² Igor Svjatoslavitsch (?) Prince of Novgorod and Tschernigov married Jewfrosinja Jaroslavna (?) of Halicz, daughter of Yaroslav I "Osmomysl" Vladimirkovitch (?) Prince of Galicia and Olga Georgievna (?) of Suzdal, before 1177
; Genealogy.EU says m. 1184.^1,5,2,6
Igor Svjatoslavitsch (?) Prince of Novgorod and Tschernigov died on 29 December 1202 at age 51; Leo van de Pas says d; Rurik 3 page d. 29.12.1202.^1,5
Igor Svjatoslavitsch (?) Prince of Novgorod and Tschernigov was buried after 29 December 1202 at Cathedral of Saint Saviour .⁷
     Reference: Genealogics cites:

; Per Genalogy.EU: "Igor, Pr of Seversk (1179-98), Pr of Chernigov (1198-1202), *3.4.1151, +29.12.1202; 1m: 1169 NN; 2m: 1184 Eufrosinia, dau.of Yaroslav Osmomysl of Galitzia; all children from 1m."² Igor Svjatoslavitsch (?) Prince of Novgorod and Tschernigov was also known as Igor (?) Prince of Seversk.⁵

; Per Genealogics:
     "Igor was born on 10 April 1151, the elder son of Svjatoslav II Nikolaj, prince of Nowgorod and Tschernigow, and his second wife Marija (Katharina) of Nowgorod. By giving the child the baptism name of Youry, his father acknowledged his friendship with Youri Dolgoruki, prince of Rostow and Suzdal. In choosing Igor for the boy's princely name, he testified to the close bond that had existed between him and his deceased brother.
     "His father died on 15 February 1164; Igor's half-brother Oleg Svjatoslavich took over the control of Nowgorod-Siverskyi and probably gave Putivl to Igor. Before 1170 Igor married Jewfrosinja Jaroslavna of Halicz, daughter of Jaroslav Vladimirovitch, prince of Halicz, and Olga Georgievna of Suzdal, a daughter of Youri Dolgoruki. They had four sons and a daughter, of whom Svjatoslav Igorjevitsch is recorded with progeny.
     "Around June 1171 the Cumans renewed their raids along the Ros River and they attacked towns belonging to the Olgovichi (the ruling dynasty of Tschernigow). Igor led a campaign against the invaders on 29 June. After crossing the river Vorskla, he learnt that Khans Kobyak and Konchak were devastating districts around Pereyaslavl (now Pereiaslav-Khmelnytskyi in Ukraine); he crossed back over the river and rode to confront the raiders. On 20 July his troops had killed many of the nomads and took others captive.
     "While returning from his victory, Igor visited the shrine of Saints Boris and Gleb in Vyshgorod (today Vyshhorod in Ukraine) to celebrate their feast. There on 25 July he met with his brother-in-law Roman Rostislawitsch, grand duke of Smolensk, Kiev and Nowgorod and his brothers. Their meeting was political in nature in that Igor would have pledged allegiance to the new ruler of Kiev.
     "When Igor's half-brother Oleg Svjatoslavich died on 16 January 1180, Igor left Putivl to succeed him in Nowgorod-Siverskyi. Soon after Oleg's death, Svjatoslav III, grand duke of Kiev, summoned Igor and his brother Vsevolod to Lyubech and concluded an agreement. Svjatoslav III's main objective in assembling the senior generation of Olgovichi was to secure Igor's allegiance. On 8 September Svjatoslav III ordered Igor and Wsewolod III, grand duke of Wladimir, to lead the junior Olgovichi and Monomashichi against Vyshgorod that he was besieging; the nine-week siege of the town became a failure.
     "At the beginning of 1181 Svjatoslav III launched an expedition against Wsewolod III in order to free his son Gleb Svjatoslavich from captivity. Before setting out, the grand duke commanded his sons Yaroslav Svjatoslavich and Igor to remain behind and defend Tschernigow against the Rostislavichi (the members of the ruling dynasty of Smolensk).
     "Later Yaroslav Svjatoslavich and Igor waged war on the principality of Drusk whose prince Gleb Rogvoldovich formed a pact with prince David Rostislavich of Smolensk. Although David Rostislavich came to assist the prince of Drusk, Svjatoslav Vsevolodovich, who had expanded his authority over Nowgorod, made David Rostislavich flee from the field of battle and forced Gleb Rogvoldovich to capitulate.
     "From Drutsk, Svajatoslav III travelled south to evict his co-ruler Rjurik II Wassilij from the Kievan land. Meanwhile Igor, accompanied by Khans Konchak and Kobyak, was waiting for him near Vyshgorod. After Svjatoslav III occupied the capital, the Cumans asked him to let Igor accompany them to Lake Dolobsk. When Rjurik II Wassilij learnt that Igor and the nomads were encamped on the other side of the Dnieper River, he sent troops to attack them. His troops defeated the Cumans; Igor and Khan Konchak, however, escaped by boat to Tschernigow. It is likely that Igor and Khan Konchak formed a marriage alliance and arranged their children's engagement.
     "When Khan Konchak with his Donets Cumans pillaged the Pereyaslavl lands in February 1184, Svjatoslav III, grand duke of Kiev, sent his sons and his troops to Igor ordering him to pursue the tribesmen. Svjatoslav III's co-ruler Rjurik II Wassilij, for his part, sent his troops under the command of prince Vladimir Glebovich of Peresyaslavl. Igor was appointed to command all the troops of the Olgovichi, and he refused Vladimir Glebovich permission to spearhead the attack because the vanguard contingent would get the first chance to grab the booty. Shortly afterwards Vladimir Glebovich pillaged the Seversk towns of the Olgovichi and rode off in a huff; Igor also sent the Kievan troops home.
     "Consequently Igor went in pursuit of the Cumans with a greatly diminished force, including some Turkic mercenaries. Igor pursued the raiders, found them at the river Khirya (a tributary of the Vorskla), and took many captive. On his way home, he probably attacked Vladimir Glebovich's town of Glebov (on the right bank of the Trubizh River).
     "In the summer Svjatoslav III, grand duke of Kiev, launched a major campaign against the Cumans; Igor proposed that Svjatoslav take the route across the Pereyaslavl lands and he would meet him at the river Sula. Svjatoslav rejected his proposal, and so Igor boycotted the expedition. However, on learning that Svjatoslav's troops had departed, he also summoned his relatives; his aim was to plunder Cuman camps while the nomads were preoccupied fighting Svjatoslav's forces. Anticipating no opposition, Igor was surprised to chance upon a Cuman raiding party 400 strong around the river Merla (south of the Khiriya) which gave his men an opportunity to win glory in the battle.
     "In 1184 Igor gave refuge to Vladimir Jaroslavich (his brother-in-law) who had been driven out of Halicz by his own father. When Khan Konchak again attacked Rus' with a large force in 1185, Svjatoslav III and his co-ruler Rjurik II Wassilij quickly assembled a force. The chronicler claims that Igor was also eager to attack him even against the advice of his senior commanders, but adverse weather conditions prevented his departure.
     "On 13 April 1185 Igor, with some other junior princes, undertook a daring raid against the nomads with the object of reaching the Lower Don area. After the princes joined forces at the Oskol River, a band of Cumans spotted them and sent horsemen to warn the neighbouring camps. When Igor arrived at the river Salnitsa, his scouts informed him that they had spotted the enemy in battle array. They advised him either to attack quickly before the Cuman band received reinforcements or to withdraw. Igor and his relatives refused to return home because, they argued, their peers would mock them for fearing to face death and heap shame upon them.
     "As Igor's forces came to the river Syuurliy, the enemy archers shot a volley of arrows at them and withdrew. Igor and his brother prince Vesvolod Svyatoslavich of Trubetsk advanced in formation at a steady pace, but his nephew Svyatoslav Olgovich of Rylsk and his son Vladimir Igorevich set off in pursuit and defeated the nomads. After all the contingents had reassembled, Igor advised that they withdraw under the cover of darkness because they had seen how great a force the Cumans had already mustered. But Svyatoslav Olgovich pointed out that he had pursued the Cumans over a great distance and that his horses were too exhausted to set off immediately; therefore Igor ordered his troops to rest for the night.
     "Alarmed at the audacity of the princes in entering their heartland, the Donets Cumans sounded a general alarm; for three days enemy archers shot arrows at them without engaging them in battle. The princes' only hope lay in reaching the river Donets; if they fled, however, it meant deserting the common soldiers, and therefore they rode against the enemy. The raid ended in catastrophe; the Cumans surrounded Igor's forces like an unyielding wall so that only fifteen of the Rus' men escaped. Igor was seized by a Cuman called Chilbuk but later Khan Konchak assumed responsibility for Igor, his son-in-law's father, who had been wounded.
     "After learning of Igor's defeat Svjatoslav III sent his two sons Vladimir and Oleg Svjatoslavich to the Poseme region (along the Seym River) to serve as interim defenders of the Seversk towns. According to the chronicler, the Cumans assembled their entire nation to march against Rus'. However the khans argued with each other; Koza suggested that they should raid the towns of the defeated princes along the river Seym; Konchak proposed attacking the princes on the Kievan side. Because each khan obstinately stuck to his views, they split their horde into two. Koza attacked Putivl but failed to take it, though he set fire to its outer town, pillaged the district and razed surrounding villages.
     "Meanwhile, Igor was spending his captivity in Konchak's camp. Although twenty Cumans were appointed to guard him, he was free to ride wherever he chose and to hunt with hawks. We are told that a Cuman offered to help him to escape; one day at dusk, he raised the tent flap and crawled out while the guards were entertaining themselves with games.
     "After reaching Nowgorod-Siverskyi, Igor visited his cousin Yaroslav II Vsevolodich in Tschernigov and asked for military aid. He then went to Svjatoslav III in Kiev, and he undoubtedly asked him to assist in collecting the ransoms for the three captive princes.
     "After leaving Svjatoslav, he visited Rjurik II Wassilij, Sviatoslav's co-ruler. Archaelogical evidence suggests that after returning to Nowgorod-Siverskyi, Igor reinforced the fortifications and founded new ones in the vicinity of Vyr. In 1187 Igor reconciled his brother-in-law Vladimir Yaroslavich and father-in-law Jaroslav Vladimirovitch, prince of Halicz, and he dispatched his son Svjatoslav Igorjevitch to escort Vladimir Yaroslavich home. In the autumn of 1188 his son Vladimir Igorjevitch returned home from captivity with Khan Konchak's daughter.
     "On 26 September 1188, Igor and his family attended the festivities organised by Rjurik II Wassilij, grand duke of Kiev, to celebrate his son's wedding. During the same week, Rjurik Wassilij gave away his daughter Jaroslawa Rjurikovna to Igor's son Svjatoslav.
     "In 1190 Svjatoslav III, grand duke of Kiev, married his grandson David Olgovich to Igor's daughter.
     "Svjatoslav III died in the last week of July 1194, and his death changed the order of seniority among the Olgovichi: his only brother Yaroslav Vsevolodich became the new senior prince of the dynasty, and Igor became the second in seniority in the family.
     "On an unspecified date in 1198 prince Yaroslav Vsevolodich died, and Igor succeeded him on the throne of Tschernigov. One of his first tasks was the renew the alliances that Yaroslav Vsevolodich had concluded with Roman Msislavich, who would later become grand duke of Kiev, Novogorod and Halicz; he also endorsed the alliances Yaroslav Vsevolodich had made with Vsevolod III Yuryevich of Vladimir and the Rostislavichi.
     "The same year his brother-in-law Vladimir Yaroslavich of Halicz died, and his death created a political vacuum. Although the Olgovichi argued that their marriage ties with his dynasty gave them the right to rule Halicz, Roman Msislavich was the quickest off the mark and he captured it.
     "Igor died in 1202, on 29 December according to some sources. As the prince of Tschernigov he was buried in the Cathedral of Saint Saviour."⁷ He was Prince of Seversk between 1179 and 1198.² He was Prince of Chernigov between 1198 and 1202.²

     Theophano Musalonissa married Oleg Michael "Gorislavich" (?) Prince of Novgorod-Sevjersk, son of Sviatoslav II Yaroslavich (?) Duke of Chernigov, Prince of Volynia, in 1083.^1,2

      ; Leo van de Pas cites: Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag Marburg., Detlev Schwennicke, Editor, Reference: II 131.¹ Theophano Musalonissa was also known as Theofania Muzalon.³

     Svjatoslav II Nikolai (?) Prince of Novgorod and Chernigov married Marija/Katharina Petrilovna (?) of Novgorod, daughter of Petril (?) of Novgorod, in 1136.^3,1,2

      ; Leo van de Pas cites: Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag Marburg., Detlev Schwennicke, Editor, Reference: II 131.¹

; [1m.] Svyatoslav, Pr of Chernigov (1157-64), +14.2.1164; m.Maria Petrilovna OR N, a Kuman woman, dau.of Aepo Girgenevich.² Svjatoslav II Nikolai (?) Prince of Novgorod and Chernigov was Prince of Chernigov between 1157 and 1164.² He was living on 15 February 1164.^1,2

     Marija/Katharina Petrilovna (?) of Novgorod married Svjatoslav II Nikolai (?) Prince of Novgorod and Chernigov, son of Oleg Michael "Gorislavich" (?) Prince of Novgorod-Sevjersk and Theophano Musalonissa, in 1136.^1,4,2

Marija/Katharina Petrilovna (?) of Novgorod died in April 1164.¹
      ; Leo van de Pas cites: Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag Marburg., Detlev Schwennicke, Editor, Reference: II 131.¹

      ; Leo van de Pas cites: Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag Marburg., Detlev Schwennicke, Editor, Reference: II 131.¹

     Boniface I di Canossa Marquess of Tuscany married Beatrix (?) of Lorraine, daughter of Friedrich II (?) Count de Bar-le-Duc, Duke of Upper Lorraine and Mathilde (?) von Schwaben, between 1036 and 1040
;
Her 1st husband; Genealogy.EU (Luxemburg 1 page) says m. ca 1037.^1,2,3
Boniface I di Canossa Marquess of Tuscany died on 6 May 1052.^1,2
     Reference: Genealogics cites: Stammtafeln zur Geschichte der Europäischen Staaten, 4 volumes, Marburg, 1953, 1975., W. K. Prinz von Isenburg, Reference: I 12.¹ Boniface I di Canossa Marquess of Tuscany was also known as Boniface III Margrave of Tuscany.⁴ Boniface I di Canossa Marquess of Tuscany was also known as Bonifacius (?) of Canossa, Mgve and Ct of Reggio, Modena and Brescia, Mgve of Tuscany, Duke of Spoleto.⁵ He was Margrave of Tuscany between 1027 and 1052.⁴

     Georg "der Bärtige" (?) Duke of Saxony was born on 27 August 1471 at Meissen, Saxony, Germany (now).^1,2 He married Barbara (?) of Poland, daughter of Kazimierz IV Jagiello (?) King of Poland, Grand Duke of Lithuania and Elizabeth (?) of Hapsburg, Archduchess of Austria, on 21 November 1496 at Leipzig, Germany (now).^3,1,4,2

Georg "der Bärtige" (?) Duke of Saxony died on 17 April 1539 at Dresden, Saxony, Germany (now), at age 67.^1,2
      ; Leo van de Pas cites: 1. Ancestors Juliana, Q. of The Netherlands Jaarboek Centraal Bureau Genealogie Den Haag, Reference: ancestor 4878.
2. Stammtafeln zur Geschichte der Europäischen Staaten, 4 volumes, Marburg, 1953, 1975., W. K. Prinz von Isenburg, Reference: vol I page 54.¹

; GEORG "der Bärtige", Duke of Saxony, *Meissen 27.8.1471, +Dresden 17.4.1539, bur Meissen Dom; m.Leipzig 21.11.1496 Pss Barbara of Poland (*Sandomir 15.7.1478, +15.2.1534, bur Meissen Dom.)²

; Duke of Saxony.¹

     Barbara (?) of Poland was born on 15 July 1478 at Sandomierz, Poland.^1,2,3 She married Georg "der Bärtige" (?) Duke of Saxony, son of Albrecht III (?) Duke of Saxony, Margrave of Meissen and Sidonia (?) of Bohemia, on 21 November 1496 at Leipzig, Germany (now).^1,6,2,3

Barbara (?) of Poland died on 15 February 1534 at Leipzig, Germany (now), at age 55.^1,2,3
      ; Leo van de Pas cites: Ancestors Juliana, Q. of The Netherlands Jaarboek Centraal Bureau Genealogie Den Haag, Reference: ancestor 4879.¹

     Christine (?) Duchess of Saxony was born on 25 December 1505.^1,2 She married Philipp I "the Magnanimous (?) Landgraf von Hessen, son of Wilhelm II (?) Landgraf von Hessen and Anna (?) Duchess von Mecklenburg-Schwerin, on 11 December 1523 at Dresden, Saxony, Germany (now),
; his 1st wife.^3,2
Christine (?) Duchess of Saxony died on 15 April 1549 at Kassel, Hesse, Germany (now), at age 43.^1,2
      ; Leo van de Pas cites: Genealogisches Handbuch des Adels Fürstliche Häuser , Reference: yr 1961.¹

; Christine, *25.12.1505, +Kassel 15.4.1549, bur there; m.Dresden 11.12.1523 Ldgve Philipp I of Hesse (+1567.)²

     Philipp I "the Magnanimous (?) Landgraf von Hessen was born on 13 November 1504 at Margurg, Hesse, Germany (now).¹ He married Christine (?) Duchess of Saxony, daughter of Georg "der Bärtige" (?) Duke of Saxony and Barbara (?) of Poland, on 11 December 1523 at Dresden, Saxony, Germany (now),
; his 1st wife.^1,4 Philipp I "the Magnanimous (?) Landgraf von Hessen married Margarethe (?) von der Saale on 4 March 1540 at Rotenburg a. d. Fulda, Germany (now),
; his 2nd wife.^5,1
Philipp I "the Magnanimous (?) Landgraf von Hessen died on 31 March 1567 at Kassel, Hesse, Germany (now), at age 62.¹
      ; It was after the discovery of America in 1492 that a more virulent strain of syphilis was introduced to Europe. Wilhelm II Landgraf of Hessen died of it in 1509 leaving a four year old son as his heir. The minority of Philipp I was a period full of controversy as his mother's regency was disputed by the noblemen. However, little is known of Philipp's youth but that he was well educated and kept his parents' counsellors until their deaths.

In 1518 Philipp came of age and was confronted by the still rebellious noblemen. This led to a revolt in 1522-1523 under Franz von Sickingen and the Peasants' Revolt in 1524-1526 which both were effectively suppressed by Philipp and through which he gained security for Hessen and prestige for himself.

In 1523 he married Christine of Saxony and by her became the father of ten children. In July 1524 he announced his conversion to the Lutheran teachings and played a leading role at the diet of Speyer, after which he began to administer a new Church-state settlement. Hessen became a sovereign state with a separate Protestant territorial church which, from the beginning, emphasized discipline and a synodal structure. Lutheran educational and charitable promotions were administered, resulting in the establishment of state schools and hospitals. Various former Church properties were confiscated to support these and other activities.

In 1529 he signed the original 'Protest' from which the very word Protestant is derived and it was his diplomatic skill which organised the Schmalkaldic League of Protestant princes; and was then the brilliant artillery general who defeated the Catholic forces of Emperor Ferdinand I.

Philipp's actions were significant not only because Hessen was one of the first princely states to take these steps but it lay geographically between the Habsburgs' Austrian stronghold and their tightly controlled lowland holdings. Hessen felt vulnerable because of the growing Habsburg power, especially as Hessen had recently acquired the wealthy counties of Katzenelnbogen. These were disputed by the Count of Nassau-Dillenburg who at that time still belonged to the Catholic religion.

He exploited the infamous Pack affair which alleged that Catholic princes had agreed to exterminate the Lutherans; as well it became the major driving force behind a European-wide alliance to counteract the Habsburg-Catholic threat. As a result the powerful Schmalkaldic League was formed in 1531. It was Philipp and not Ulrich Zwingli who was the leader in an attempt to forge alliances with the Swiss cities. The Marburg colloquy in 1529 was an attempt to settle religious and political differences and his boldest achievement was the restoration of the Protestant Duke Ulrich of Württemberg in 1534, when Philipp led an army into Württemberg and forced the Habsburgs to recognize Ulrich.

Radical Protestants or Anabaptists were the main internal problems he faced in Hessen territitories. To counteract them he employed Martin Bucer, hoping to alleviate the pressure of the Anabaptists. In 1539 he developed symptoms of syphilis. There was a scarcity of food, the continual threat of the Anabaptists, and cosmic occurrences which created an aura of divine punishment. However, his greatest threat to his reputation was when in 1540 he contracted his bigamous marriage to Margarethe von der Saale, by whom he fathered eight children. This marriage took place with the consent of Luther, Melanchton and Bucer; however, it still embarrassed the Protestant movement as it made him culpable so far as the imperial laws were concerned.

From 1540 on he ceased to be the dynamic Protestant leader. As well the disastrous Schmalkaldic War resulted in Philipps's imprisonment from 1547 until 1552. After his release, Philipp's influence had to be retained to within Hessen only. Philipp was remarkably tolerant in such an intolerant time, for he believed that people of different religious beliefs should be able to live in peace together and consequently allowed both Zwinglian and Lutheran preachers. In Hessen no one was executed for religious reasons and Philipp refused to institute even the major excommunication with temporal punishment.¹

; Leo van de Pas cites: 1. Stammtafeln zur Geschichte der Europäischen Staaten, 4 volumes, Marburg, 1953, 1975., W. K. Prinz von Isenburg, Reference: I 98
2. Genealogisches Handbuch des Adels Fürstliche Häuser , Reference: 1961 58.¹