Person Page - 364

     Ingram (Enguerrand) de Baliol of Tours-en-Vimeu, Picardy married Agnes de Berkeley, daughter of Walter de Berkeley.^3,1
Ingram (Enguerrand) de Baliol of Tours-en-Vimeu, Picardy was born circa 1175.¹
Ingram (Enguerrand) de Baliol of Tours-en-Vimeu, Picardy died circa 1244.
     GAV-22 EDV-22 GKJ-22.

     Agnes de Berkeley married Ingram (Enguerrand) de Baliol of Tours-en-Vimeu, Picardy, son of Bernard II de Baliol 3rd Baron of Bywell and Agnes de Picquigny.^2,3

     GAV-22 EDV-22 GKJ-22.

; weis 161-26.²

     GAV-23 EDV-23 GKJ-23.

.²

     Henry de Percy married Isabella de Brus, daughter of Adam II de Brus and Juetta de Arches.^3,1,2,4,5

Henry de Percy died before 29 September 1198.^3,1,2
     GAV-22 EDV-22 GKJ-22.

; Henry; took the name PERCY; m as her 1st husb Isabel (d in or after 1230), dau of Adam de Brus, Lord of Skelton, Cleveland (through her he had the Manor of Levington, for which he and his heirs were to repair to Skelton Castle every Christmas Day and lead the lady of the castle from her chamber to the chapel to mass and thence to her chamber again, there to take meat with her, and then withdraw), and d by Michaelmas 1198.⁶

     Isabella de Brus married Henry de Percy, son of Joscelin de Louvain bâtard de Louvain, Lord of Petworth, Sussex and Agnes de Percy.^6,1,3,4,2
Isabella de Brus married Roger Mauduit.^6,1

Isabella de Brus died after 1230.^6,1,3
      ; Leo van de Pas cites: The Plantagenet Ancestry, Baltimore, 1975 , Turton, Lt.Col. W. H., Reference: 136, 140.⁴ GAV-22 EDV-22 GKJ-22.

     Adam II de Brus Lord of Skelton, Cleveland married Joanna (?) de Meschines, daughter of Ranulph 'de Gernon' de Meschines 2nd Earl of Chester and Maud FitzRobert de Caen of Gloucester.¹

      ; Weis 161-25.²

     Peter I de Brus of Skelton married Joan le Grammaire, daughter of Richard le Grammaire.^3,2
Peter I de Brus of Skelton was born in 1170.¹
Peter I de Brus of Skelton died on 12 February 1222.^3,1
     GAV-23 EDV-22 GKJ-22.

Peter I de Brus of Skelton lived at Skelton, Yorkshire, England.³

; weis AR 161-25.⁴

     Agnes de Percy was born in 1134.⁴ She married Joscelin de Louvain bâtard de Louvain, Lord of Petworth, Sussex, son of Godefroi/Godfrey I (?) Duke of Lower Lorraine, Count of Brabant and Clemence/Clementia (?) de Bourgogne, Regent of Flanders, after 1154 at England.^4,1,5,6,7,8

Agnes de Percy died before 13 October 1204.⁴
      ; Agnes; m after 1154 Jocelin or Josceline, of Louvain (thought to have d by Michaelmas 1180), of Petworth, Sussex, half-bro of QUEEN ADELA (who presented Jocelin with the Petworth lands), 2nd w of HENRY I, and s of Godfrey I Barbatus ('The Bearded'), Duke of Lower Lorraine (see MILFORD HAVEN, M), by his 2nd w, and d between Michaelmas 1202 and 13 Oct 1204.⁹ GAV-23 EDV-23 GKJ-23.

     Clemence/Clementia (?) de Bourgogne, Regent of Flanders was born in 1078; Genealogy.EU says b. ca 1071; Racines et Histoire (Brabant) says b. 1078; Wikipedia says b. 1078; Med Lands says b. 1078.^10,5,11,8 She married Robert II (?) Count of Flanders, son of Robert I "le Frison" (?) Count of Flanders, Count of Holland and Gertrude (?) von Sachsen, in 1090
;
Her 1st husband; Racines et Histoire and Med lands say m by 1092.^{12,2,13,3,4,5,6,8} Clemence/Clementia (?) de Bourgogne, Regent of Flanders married Godefroi/Godfrey I (?) Duke of Lower Lorraine, Count of Brabant, son of Henri II 'le Ceinture' (?) Comte de Louvain and Adelaide/Adele (?) van Betuwe, comtesse des Basques, in 1125
;
Her 2nd husband; his 2nd wife. Genealogy.EU (Brabant 2 page) says m. ca 1125; so does Racines et Histoire.^{14,1,3,4,5,6,15,8}
Clemence/Clementia (?) de Bourgogne, Regent of Flanders died circa 1133; Genealogy.EU (Flanders 1 page) says d. after 1134; Leo van de Pas says d. 1133; Racines et Histoire says d by 1133;Med lands and Wikipedia say d. c 1133.^{2,3,4,5,6,8,11}
      ; Per Wikipedia:
     "Clementia of Burgundy (c. 1078 – c. 1133) was a Countess of Flanders by marriage. She acted as regent of Flanders from 1096 until 1100, while her husband was on crusade, and acted as the co-ruler of her son Baldwin VII from 1111 until 1119.
Life
     "She was the daughter of William I, Count of Burgundy and a noblewoman named Stephanie. Her family was heavily attached to the Catholic Church, with two of her brothers becoming archbishops and another brother becoming Pope Callixtus II.
Countess of Flanders
     "In 1097, she married Robert II, Count of Flanders and became Countess of Flanders. Her husband gave her an impressive dower, which included, "one-third of Flanders, including twelve towns located in the maritime and southwestern regions of Flanders, and stretching from Lille to Douai to Bapaume."[1] Because her dower contained so much land and so many towns, it created the opportunity for Clementia to build relationships with the people, which further allowed her to become the "patron of various monasteries, [to] develop bonds of friendship with important families, and help spread comital influence throughout the area. By doing so, [she] developed the power to participate in the rule of Flanders."[2]
     "Clementia and her husband Count Robert II had three sons together, and it was their son Baldwin that would come into rule after the death of Robert II in 1111.
First regency
     "When her husband, Count Robert II, left to go on the First Crusade in 1096, she became regent of Flanders.[3] As the ruling force she influenced the production of money, such as imprinting her own name on minted coins.[4] She was also asked to help deal with violent matters like protecting pilgrims from assault in Bapaume.[5]
     "When Robert II returned from crusading though, her power and influence did not end. They ruled together, with her name appearing on many of the charters instigated by her husband. Much of her influence after her husband's return becomes focused on her involvement with the church and specifically her patronage of multiple monasteries, abbes, and the donating of land for church use.
Second regency
     "In 1111 Count Robert II died in a battle at Meaux. After his death their son Baldwin VII came into power. Despite being eighteen years old and thus old enough to rule alone, Clementia was formally recognized as his co-regent throughout his reign. Clementia was extremely powerful, in particular, during his first year of reign, with all the charters of the time containing her name.[6] They ruled together with relative peace, until Baldwin VII began to form a stronger bond with his cousin Charles of Denmark.
     "In 1119, Baldwin VII was killed in battle and Charles succeeded him as count. Clementia did not like Charles and used her influence to raise an army against him. She lost the battle to Charles when he captured four of her dower towns, which led to the cutting off of resources for her army.[7] This caused Clementia to lose her power to rule Flanders.
     "Regardless, "Clematia continued to issue charters concerning her dower lands and towns until her death in 1133."[8]
Second marriage
     "After her son, Baldwin VII, died in 1119, she married Godfrey I, Count of Louvain. This second marriage made her stepmother to Adeliza of Louvain, queen consort of England as second wife to Henry I. Clementia may also have been the mother of Godfrey's son, Joscelin of Louvain, although some historians consider the possibility that he was born of a mistress.[9]
Notes
1. Everglades, Theodore, Aristocratic Women in Medieval France, Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1999, p. 111.
2. Adair, Penelope Ann, "Ego et Uxor Mea... :""Countess Clemente and her Role in the Comital Family and Flanders (1092-1133)," (PhD Diss, University of California at Santa Barbara, 1993), p. xiii.
3. Runciman 1951, p. 166
4. Everglades, Theodore, Aristocratic Women in Medieval France, Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1999, p. 111.
5. Everglades, Theodore, Aristocratic Women in Medieval France, Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1999, p. 112.
6. Everglades, Theodore, Aristocratic Women in Medieval France, Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1999, p. 112.
7. Everglades, Theodore, Aristocratic Women in Medieval France, Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1999, p. 113.
8. Everglades, Theodore, Aristocratic Women in Medieval France, Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1999, p. 112.
9. Sanders, I.J., English Baronies, Oxford, 1960, p. 148
Sources
** Adair, Penelope Ann. "Ego et Uxor Mea... :""Countess Clemente and her Role in the Comital Family and Flanders (1092-1133)." (PhD Diss, University of California at Santa Barbara, 1993).
** Bouchard, Constance B. "Consanguinity and Noble Marriages in the Tenth and Eleventh Centuries." Speculum. Medieval Academy of America. Vol. 56 No. 2. (April 1981) pp. 268–287.
** Bouchard, Constance B. Sword, Miter, and Cloister: Nobility and the Church in Burgundy 980-1198. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1987.
** Everglades, Theodore. Aristocratic Women in Medieval France. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1999.
** Rider, Jeff and Alva V. Murray. Gilbert of Bruges and the Historiography of Medieval Flanders. Washington D.C.: The Catholic University of America Press, 2009.
** Runciman, S. (1951). A History of the Crusades: The First Crusade and the Foundation of the Kingdom of Jerusalem. Cambridge University Press."¹¹



Reference: Genealogics cites: Genealogisches Handbuch des Adels Fürstliche Häuser , Reference: 1961.¹⁶

; Per Racines et Histoirce: "ép. 2) 1125 Clémence de Bourgogne (-Comté) Régente de Flandres (durant la croisade de son 1er mari) ° 1078 + ~1133 (fille de Guillaume 1er, comte de Bourgogne, et d’Etiennette ; veuve de Robert II, comte de Flandres.)⁵"



; Per Med Lands: "CLEMENCE de Bourgogne ([1078]-[1133]). "Clementie Flandrarum comitisse" is named as wife of "Robertus iunior" in the Cartulaire de Saint-Bertin[114]. Orderic Vitalis names her as wife of Count Robert but does not give her origin[115]. Her origin is confirmed by the Genealogica Comitum Flandriæ Bertiniana which names "Clementiam filiam Willelmi comitis Burgundionum cognomento Testahardith" as wife of "Rodbertus Rodberti filius"[116]. Clemence could not have been born much later than 1078, given the birth of her first child (by her first husband) in 1093. She was appointed regent in Flanders during the absence of her first husband on crusade[117]. She promoted the monastic movement and introduced Cluniac rule into several abbeys in Flanders[118]. She founded Bourbourg Abbey with her first husband in [1103]. "Balduinus Flandrensium comes et Clementia comitissa" confirmed the donation of the church of Saint-Bertin to Cluny made by "dominus meus Rotbertus comes", by charter 12 Apr 1112[119]. She opposed the succession in 1119 of Count Charles, supporting the candidature of Guillaume d'Ypres[120]. The primary source which confirms her second marriage has not yet been identified. The Cartulaire de Saint-Bertin records the death in [1133] of "Clementia Roberti iunioris vidua" and specifies that "eatenus pene terciam partem Flandrie dotis loco tenuit"[121], although it is curious that this does not refer to her second husband who was still alive when his wife died. m firstly (before 1092) ROBERT de Flandres, son of ROBERT I "le Frison" Count of Flanders & his wife Gertrud von Sachsen (1065-5 Oct 1111). He succeeded his father in 1093 as ROBERT II Count of Flanders. m secondly ([1125]) as his second wife, GODEFROI V Duke of Lower Lotharingia, Comte de Louvain, son of HENRI II Comte de Louvain & his wife Adela [van Betuwe en Teisterbant] (-25 Jan 1139, bur Afflighem Abbey)."
Med Lands cites: GAV-26 EDV-24 GKJ-24. She was Countes consort of Flanders between 1093 and 1111.¹¹ She was Regent of Flanders in 1096.⁶

     Steppo van Viggeseele Heer van Bornem married Alice (?) heiress of Ghent, daughter of Siger I (?) Burggraf van Gent and Gisela (?), on 8 August 1145
; her 2nd husband.^2,1,3
     Reference: Leo van de Pas cites: Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag Marburg., Detlev Schwennicke, Editor, Reference: VII 83.¹ Steppo van Viggeseele Heer van Bornem was also known as Steppo I von Viggezele.³

     Warin de Munchensy Lord of Swanscombe married Joan Marshal of Pembroke, daughter of William Marshal 1st Earl of Pembroke and Isabella de Clare Countess of Strigoil, after 14 May 1219.^3,4,1
Warin de Munchensy Lord of Swanscombe married Denise de Anesty, daughter of Nicholas de Anesty of Ansty and Little Hormead, Hertfordshire and Alice Peche, between November 1234 and June 1235
; her 2nd husband.^1,5
Warin de Munchensy Lord of Swanscombe died circa 20 July 1255.^1,5
     GAV-22.

; Weis [AR7] 80-28.³

     Sir Nicholas de Lovaine was born circa 1325.² He married Margaret de Vere, daughter of John de Vere 7th Earl of Oxford and Maud de Badlesmere, circa 1370.²

Sir Nicholas de Lovaine died in 1376.²
     Sir Nicholas de Lovaine was also known as Sir Nicholas de Lovain.³ Sir Nicholas de Lovaine was also known as Sir Nicholas de Louvain.¹

     Sir Alfonso de Vere of Great Hormead, co. Hertford married Joan/Jane Foliot, daughter of Sir Jordan Foliot of Gressenhall, 1st Baron Foliot and Margery de Neumarche.^2,3

Sir Alfonso de Vere of Great Hormead, co. Hertford died circa 20 December 1329.²
     EDV-21 GKJ-18.

     Joan/Jane Foliot married Sir Alfonso de Vere of Great Hormead, co. Hertford, son of Robert de Vere 5th Earl of Oxford and Alice de Sanford.^4,1

      ; van de Pas cites: Descendants of Leofric of Mercia 2002 , Ravilious, John & Rosie Bevan.¹ EDV-21 GKJ-18.

.⁵

     Sir Maurice Wythe Knt., of Portbury, Somerset married Elizabeth le Despenser, daughter of Sir Hugh "the Younger" le Despenser Knt., 1st Lord le Despenser, of Hanley Castle, Worcestershire and Lady Eleanor (Alionore) de Clare, before 29 May 1372
; her 2nd husband.¹
Sir Maurice Wythe Knt., of Portbury, Somerset died before 6 August 1383.¹

His estate was probated on 6 August 1383.¹

     Tostig/Toste Godwinson (?) Earl of Northumbria was born circa 1025; Genealogy.EU (Wessex page) says b. ca 1026; Genealogics says b. ca 1025; Med Lands says b. 1025/30.^8,1,2,4 He married Judith (?) van Vlaanderen, Countess of Northumberland, daughter of Baudouin IV "le Barbu" (?) Graaf van Vlaanderen, Cmte de Valenciennes and Eleanor (?) of Normandy, before September 1051
;
His 1st wife; her 1st husband; Racines et Histoire says m "avant 09/1051 (ou 10/1058 ?)"; The Henry Project says "m. 1051 (or perhaps a bit earlier)"; Med Lands says m. bef Sep 1051.^{9,10,11,12,13,4,2,3,14}
Tostig/Toste Godwinson (?) Earl of Northumbria died on 25 September 1066 at Stamford Bridge, Northumberland, England.^{15,10,1,16,17}
Tostig/Toste Godwinson (?) Earl of Northumbria was buried after 25 September 1066 at Battle at Stamford Bridge, Yorkshire, England; Per Wikipedia: "Hardrada's army and Tostig invaded York, taking hostages after a peaceful surrender, and acquiring provisions. King Harold Godwinson raced northward with an English army from London and, on 25 September 1066, surprised his brother Tostig at Stamford Bridge. Hardrada, Tostig and many of their men were killed. [12] The Norwegians and the Flemish mercenaries hired by Tostig were largely without armour and carried only personal weapons. The day was very hot and no resistance was expected. The remainder of the 11,000-man force remained guarding the Norse ships, beached miles away at Riccall."
Wikipedia cites: [12] Garmonsway, G. N. (1954). The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. London: Dent. pp. 197–199. ISBN 0460106244.^1,18,2,19,4
Tostig/Toste Godwinson (?) Earl of Northumbria was buried after 25 September 1066 at York Minster Churchyard, York, York Unitary Authority, North Yorkshire, England; From Find A Grave:
     BIRTH     1025, England
     DEATH     25 Sep 1066 (aged 40–41), Stamford Bridge, East Riding of Yorkshire Unitary Authority, East Riding of Yorkshire, England
     Tostig Godwinson, Earl of Northumbria, was the third son of Godwin (d. 1053), Earl of Wessex and Kent, and Gytha, daughter of Thorgils Sprakaleg. He was the younger brother of King Harold Godwinson, the last crowned English King of England.
     In 1051, he married Judith, the daughter of Count Baldwin IV of Flanders, half-sister of Baldwin V of Flanders, and aunt of Matilda of Flanders, who married William the Conqueror.
     Tostig was not popular with the Northumbrian ruling class, a mix of Danish invaders and Anglo Saxon survivors of the last Norse invasion. Tostig was said to have been heavy handed with those who resisted his rule, including the murder of several members of leading Northumbrian families.
Because of this and other actions of Tostig he was outlawed by his brother King Harold Godwinson. Tostig took ship with his family and some loyal thegns and took refuge with his brother-in-law, Count Baldwin V.
     In 1066 Tostig made contact with King Harald III Hardrada of Norway and persuaded him to invade England. Hardrada's army invaded York, taking hostages after a peaceful surrender, and likely agreed with the local inhabitants to gather commandeered supplies at Stamford Bridge, near York, a conveniently central spot, well fed by streams and roads. Tostig's brother King Harold raced northward with an English army from London and, on 25 September 1066, surprised Tostig and about 6,000 of his men, basking in the sun and awaiting supplies. Tostig was killed in the battle, along with Harald Hardrada. Fewer than twenty of the three hundred Norwegian ships returned home.
     After his death at Stamford Bridge, it is believed that his body was taken to York and buried at York Minster. Tostig's two sons took refuge in Norway, while his wife Judith married Duke Welf of Bavaria.
     Family Members
     Parents
          Godwin Earl of the West Saxons 1001–1053
     Spouse
          Judith of Flanders 1033–1094
     Siblings
          Harold Godwinson 1020–1066
          Edith of Wessex 1025–1075
          Gyrth Godwinson 1032–1066
          Leofwine Godwinson 1035–1066
          Wulfnoth Godwinson 1040–1094
     BURIAL     York Minster Churchyard, York, York Unitary Authority, North Yorkshire, England
     Created by: Mad
     Added: 9 Feb 2012
     Find A Grave Memorial 84736963.¹⁸
      ; Per Med Lands:
     "JUDITH de Flandre ([1033]-[5] Mar 1094, bur St Martin Monastery). The Annalista Saxo names "Iudhita…amita Rodberti comitis de Flandria ex cognatione beati Ethmundi regis" as husband of "Haroldi" (in error for Tostig) but correctly names her second husband "Welphus filius Azzonis marchionis Italorum"[209]. The Genealogia Welforum names "filiam comitis Flandrie, reginam Anglie, Iuditam nomine" as wife of Welf[210]. Florence of Worcester says that Judith was "daughter of Baldwin Count of Flanders" but does not specify which Count Baldwin, nor is this clear from the context[211]. According to the Vita Ædwardi Regis, Judith was the sister of Count Baudouin V[212]. On the other hand, Alberic de Trois Fontaines asserts that Judith was one of the children of Baudouin V Count of Flanders and his wife Adela de France[213], but there are other clear errors in Alberic's listing of this couple's children so the statement should be viewed with caution. Judith is also listed as the daughter of Count Baudouin V (after Mathilde) in a manuscript whose attribution to Orderic Vitalis is disputed, which also shows her first marriage[214]. The date of her first marriage is confirmed by the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle which records that "earl Godwine" fled after the Council of 9 Sep 1051 "with Tostig and his wife who was a kinswoman of Baldwin of Bruges"[215]. Judith moved to Denmark after her first husband was killed. "Dux Gewelfo eiusque…uxor Iudita" donated property to Kloster Weingarten, with the consent of "filiorum suorum Gwelfonis et Heinrici", dated 12 Mar 1094[216]. The Chronicon of Bernold records the death "1094 IV Non Mar" of "Iuditha uxor ducis Welfonis Baioariæ" and her burial "apud monasterium…Sancti Martini" built by her husband[217]. The necrology of Raitenbuch records the death "III Non Mar" of "Iudinta regina Anglie, filia marchionis de Este uxor Welfonis nostri fundatoris"[218], exaggerating her status resulting from her first marriage and confusing her paternity. The necrology of Weingarten records the death "III Non Mar" of "Judita dux regina Anglie"[219], also exaggerating her status resulting from her first marriage.
     "m firstly (before Sep 1051) TOSTIG Godwinson, son of GODWIN Earl of Wessex & his wife Gytha of Denmark ([1025/30]-killed in battle Stamford Bridge 25 Sep 1066). He was created Earl of Northumbria in 1055[220].
     "m secondly ([1071]) as his second wife, WELF I Duke of Bavaria [Este], son of ALBERTO AZZO II Marchese d'Este & his first wife Kunigunde von Altdorf [Este] ([1030/40]-Paphos Cyprus 9 Nov 1101, bur Cyprus, removed to Weingarten, near Lake Constance)."
Med Lands cites:

; Per Racines et Histoire: "Judith de Flandres ° ~1033 + 05/03/1094
     ép. 1) avant 09/1051 (ou 10/1058 ?) Tostig Godwinson of Northumbria +X 25/09/1066 (Stamford Bridge) earl of Northumbria (1055-10/1065) (fils de Godwin, earl of Wessex et de Gytha de Danemark)
     ép. 2) ~1071 duc Welf 1er (ou IV) de Bavière-Este + 09/11/1101 (Paphos, Chypre) (fils d’Alberto Azzo II, marchese d’Este et de Kunigunde von Altdorf.)²⁰ "

; Per Genealogy.EU: "Judith of Flanders, *ca 1037, +5.3.1094; 1m: X.1058 Tostig of Northumbria (+25.9.1066); 2m: ca 1071 Duke Welf IV of Bavaria (+1101.)²¹"

Reference: Genealogics cites: Nachkommen Gorms des Alten 1978. , S. Otto Brenner, Reference: page 247.¹⁶

; Per Genealogics:
     "Toste, or Tostig, was the third son of Godwin, earl of Wessex and Kent, and Gytha, daughter of Thorgils Sprakaleg. By an early wife or mistress he had a son Skúli who would have progeny. He also had a son Ketil. In 1051 he married Judith van Vlaanderen, the daughter of Baudouin IV, Graaf van Vlaanderen, and Eleanor/Ainor/Judith of Normandy. Judith was the half-sister of Baudouin V, Graaf van Vlaanderen, and aunt of Matilda van Vlaanderen, who married William the Conqueror. According to chronicles, she had very small children by Toste, at the time of the Norman Conquest of England in 1066. There is no record available in near contemporary sources as to what happened to these children. Ketil and Skúli were not her children.
     "In 1051 Toste and his father were banished from England, but they forcefully returned there in 1052. Three years later in 1055 Toste became the Jarl (Earl) in Northumbria upon the death of Earl Siward. The Domesday Book recorded twenty-six _vills_ or townships as being held by Earl Toste, forming the Manor of Hougun.
     "Toste appears to have governed in Northumbria with some difficulty. He was never popular with the Northumbrian ruling class, a mix of Danish invaders and Anglo Saxon survivors of the last Norse invasion. Toste was said to have been heavy handed with those who resisted his rule, including the murder of several members of leading Northumbrian families. In late 1063 or early 1064, Toste had Gamal, son of Orm and Ulf, son of Dolfin, assassinated when they visited him under safe conduct. Also the _Vita Edwardi,_ otherwise sympathetic to Toste, states that he had 'repressed (the Northumbrians) with the heavy yoke of his rule'.
     "He was also frequently absent at the court of King Edward 'the Confessor' in the south, and possibly showed a lack of leadership against the raiding Scots. Their king was a personal friend of Toste, and Toste's unpopularity made it difficult to raise local levies to combat them. He resorted to using a strong force of Danish mercenaries _(housecarles)_ as his main force, an expensive and resented policy (the housecarles' leaders were later slaughtered by rebels). Local biases probably also played a part. Toste was from the south of England, a distinctly different culture from the north, which had not had a southern earl in several lifetimes. In 1063, still immersed in the confused local politics of Northumbria, his popularity apparently plummeted. Many of the inhabitants of Northumbria were Danes, who had enjoyed lesser taxation than in other parts of England. Yet the wars in Wales, of which Toste's constituents were principal beneficiaries, needed to be paid for. Toste had been a major commander in these wars, attacking in the north while his brother Harold marched up from the south.
     "On 3 October 1065 the thegns of Yorkshire and the rest of Yorkshire descended on York and occupied the city. They killed Toste's officials and supporters, then declared Toste outlawed for his unlawful actions and sent for Morcar, younger brother of Edwin, earl of Mercia. The northern rebels marched south to press their case with King Edward. They were joined at Northampton by Earl Edwin and his forces. There they were met by Toste's brother Earl Harold, who had been sent by King Edward to negotiate with them and thus did not bring his forces. After Harold Godwinson, by then the king's right hand man, had spoken with the rebels at Northampton, he realised that Toste would not be able to retain Northumbria. When he returned to Oxford, where the royal council was to meet on 28 October, he had probably already made up his mind.
     "Harold Godwinson persuaded King Edward 'the Confessor' to agree to the demands of the rebels. Toste was outlawed a short time later, possibly early in November, because he refused to accept his deposition as commanded by Edward. This led to the fatal confrontation and enmity between the two Godwinson brothers. At a meeting of the king and his council, Toste publicly accused Harold of fomenting the rebellion. Harold was keen to unify England in the face of the grave threat from William of Normandy, who had openly declared his intention to take the English throne. It was likely that Harold had exiled his brother to ensure peace and loyalty in the north. Toste, however, remained unconvinced and plotted vengeance.
     "Toste took ship with his family and some loyal thegns and found refuge with his brother-in-law Baudouin V, Graaf van Vlaanderen. He even attempted to form an alliance with William. Baudouin provided him with a fleet and he landed in the Isle of Wight in May 1066, where he collected money and provisions. He raided the coast as far as Sandwich but was forced to retreat when Harold called out land and naval forces. He moved north and, after an unsuccessful attempt to get his brother Gyrth to join him, he raided Norfolk and Lincolnshire. The earls Edwin and Morcar defeated him decisively. Deserted by his men, he fled to his sworn brother, King Malcolm III of Scotland. Toste spent the summer of 1066 in Scotland.
     "He made contact with Harald III Sigurdsson Hardråde, king of Norway, and persuaded him to invade England. One of the sagas claims that he sailed for Norway, and greatly impressed the Norwegian king and his court, managing to sway a decidedly unenthusiastic Harald, who had just concluded a long and inconclusive war with Denmark, into raising a levy to take the throne of England. With Hardråde's aid, Toste sailed up the Humber and defeated Morcar and Edwin at Gate Fulford.
     "Hardråde's army invaded York, taking hostages after a peaceful surrender, and likely agreed with the local inhabitants to gather commandeered supplies at Stamford Bridge, near York, a conveniently central spot, well fed by streams and roads. King Harold II raced northward with an English army from London and, on 25 September 1066, surprised Toste and about 6,000 of his men, basking in the sun and awaiting supplies. The Norwegians and the Flemish mercenaries hired by Toste were largely without armour and carried only personal weapons. The day was very hot and no resistance was expected. The remainder of the 11,000 man force remained guarding the Norse ships, beached miles away at Riccall. After a brief meeting of the two kings, where Harald Hardråde refused to surrender, and Toste to abandon him, a long battle ensued. Despite making a brave stand, and reinforced late in the day by a desperate, sweating column from Riccall, the Norwegians suffered a complete and utter defeat. Toste was killed in the battle, along with Harald Hardråde. Only twenty four of the three hundred Norwegian ships returned home.
     "After Toste's death at Stamford Bridge, it is believed that his body was taken to York and buried in York Minster. Toste's two sons took refuge in Norway, while his widow Judith married Welf IV, Herzog von Bayern, in 1071."¹⁶

; This is the same person as ”Tostig Godwinson” at Wikipedia.¹⁹

; Per Med Lands:
     "TOSTIG ([1025/30]-killed in battle Stamford Bridge 25 Sep 1066). Orderic Vitalis names “Suenum, Tosticum, Heraldum, Guorth, Elgarum, Leofvinum et Wlnodum” as the seven sons of “Githa Goduini comitis relicta”[547]. After joining his father's threatened armed rebellion against the king in 1051, Tostig fled to Bruges with his parents, although he returned the following year. He was created Earl of Northumbria in 1055 to succeed Earl Siward[548]. Northumbria rebelled against him in Oct 1065, after several years of Scottish raids which Tostig had failed to halt. In his place, the thegns of Yorkshire elected Morcar, younger brother of Edwin Earl of Mercia, as Earl of Northumbria. King Edward attempted unsuccessfully to crush the rebellion on Tostig's behalf, but Tostig was forced to flee to Flanders with his wife in Dec 1065[549]. Baudouin V Count of Flanders installed him as castellan of Saint-Omer[550]. Returning to England in search of revenge, he was repulsed from landing at Sandwich in Kent in May 1066, ravaged Norfolk and then sailed to the Humber where he was defeated by Edwin Earl of Mercia. Tostig sailed to Scotland, where he joined forces with Harald III "Hardråde" King of Norway who had recently arrived to invade England. Morkinskinna records that Tostig first sailed to Denmark to seek report from King Svend II, and then to Norway to King Harald III, sending “Gunnhildr´s son Guthormr” to offer Northumbria to the king in return for his help[551]. After defeating the Northumbrians at Gate Fulford near York 20 Sep 1066, their combined army was defeated by King Harold's forces at Stamford Bridge 25 Sep 1066, where both he and the Norwegian king were killed[552].
     "m (before Sep 1051) as her first husband, JUDITH de Flandre, daughter of BAUDOUIN IV Count of Flanders & his second wife [Eléonore] de Normandie ([1033]-[5] Mar 1094, bur St Martin Monastery). The Annalista Saxo names "Iudhita…amita Rodberti comitis de Flandria ex cognatione beati Ethmundi regis" as husband of "Haroldi" (in error for Tostig) but correctly names her second husband "Welphus filius Azzonis marchionis Italorum"[553]. The Genealogia Welforum names "filiam comitis Flandrie, reginam Anglie, Iuditam nomine" as wife of Welf[554]. Florence of Worcester says that Judith was "daughter of Baldwin Count of Flanders" but does not specify which Count Baldwin nor is this clear from the context[555]. According to the Vita Ædwardi Regis, she was the sister of Count Baudouin V[556]. Alberic de Trois Fontaines asserts that Judith was one of the children of Baudouin V Count of Flanders and his wife Adela de France[557], but there are other clear errors in his listing of this couple's children so the statement should be viewed with caution. Judith is also listed as the daughter of Count Baudouin V (after Mathilde) in a manuscript whose attribution to Orderic Vitalis is disputed, which also shows her first marriage[558]. The date of her first marriage is confirmed by the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle which records that "earl Godwine" fled after the Council of 9 Sep 1051 "with Tostig and his wife who was a kinswoman of Baldwin of Bruges"[559]. Judith moved to Denmark after her first husband was killed. "Dux Gewelfo eiusque…uxor Iudita" donated property to Kloster Weingarten, with the consent of "filiorum suorum Gwelfonis et Heinrici", dated 12 Mar 1094[560]. The Chronicon of Bernold records the death "1094 IV Non Mar" of "Iuditha uxor ducis Welfonis Baioariæ" and her burial "apud monasterium…Sancti Martini" built by her husband[561]. The necrology of Raitenbuch records the death "III Non Mar" of "Iudinta regina Anglie, filia marchionis de Este uxor Welfonis nostri fundatoris"[562], exaggerating her status resulting from her first marriage and confusing her paternity. The necrology of Weingarten records the death "III Non Mar" of "Judita dux regina Anglie"[563], also exaggerating her status resulting from her first marriage."
Med Lands cites:

; Per Genealogy.EU (Wessex page): "Tostig, Earl of Northumbria, Northampton and Nottingham (ca 1055-65) deprived of titles on 3.10.1065, *ca 1026, +k.a.Stamford Bridge, Northumberland 25.9.1066, bur York Minster; m.X.1051 Judith of Flanders (*ca 1037, +5.3.1094.)¹"

; Per Genealogy.EU (Wessex): “B3. Tostig, Earl of Northumbria, Northampton and Nottingham (ca 1055-65) deprived of titles on 3.10.1065, *ca 1026, +k.a.Stamford Bridge, Northumberland 25.9.1066, bur York Minster; m.X.1051 Judith of Flanders (*ca 1037, +5.3.1094)”.¹⁴ He was Earl of Northumbria between 1055 and 1065.¹⁹

; Per Enc. of World History: "Tostig, exiled after a Northumbrian revolt (1065), returned with Harald Haardraade to attack Northumbria. The Confessor died in January (1066) and William at once began vigorous preparations for the conquest of England."²²

     Godwine (?) Earl of Wessex was born circa 990; Genealogics says b. ca 990; Genealogy.EU says b. ca 987; Med Lands says b. 993.^2,3,4 He married Thyra Svenssdotter (?), daughter of Svend I Haraldsen Tveskæg/Forkbeard' (?) King of Denmark and England and Gunhilda/Swietoslawa/Sygrida (?) of Poland,
;
His 1st wife?
NB: Of the main sources I use, only Genealogy.EU and Ashley mention a marriage of Godwin to Thyra Svenssdotter. Therefore I doubt it. GA Vaut.^10,11,2,12 Godwine (?) Earl of Wessex married Gytha Thorkelsdóttir (?) of Denmark, daughter of Jarl Thorkill Sprakalaeg (?), in 1019
;
Possibly his 2nd wife, but probably his only wife.^13,2,3,4,14
Godwine (?) Earl of Wessex died on 15 April 1053 at Winchester Castle, co. Hampshire, England; died of apoplexy.^15,2,16,3,4
Godwine (?) Earl of Wessex was buried after 15 April 1053 at Winchester Cathedral, Winchester, City of Winchester, co. Hampshire, England; From Find A Grave:
     BIRTH     1001, West Sussex, England
DEATH     15 Apr 1053 (aged 51–52), Hampshire, England
     English nobility, father of King Harold. King Canute made him an earl and, while away in Denmark, left Godwin to represent himself.
     Family Members
     Children
          Harold Godwinson 1020–1066
          Tostig Godwinson 1025–1066
          Edith of Wessex 1025–1075
          Gyrth Godwinson 1032–1066
          Leofwine Godwinson 1035–1066
          Wulfnoth Godwinson 1040–1094
     BURIAL     Winchester Cathedral, Winchester, City of Winchester, Hampshire, England
     PLOT     probably in the mortuary chests over the cathedral choir screen
     Created by: julia&keld
     Added: 25 Oct 2006
     Find a Grave Memorial 16316168.^3,4,17
      ; This is the same person as ”Godwin, Earl of Wessex” at Wikipedia.¹⁸

Reference: Genealogics cites: EDV-28. Godwine (?) Earl of Wessex was also known as Godwin (?) Earl of Essex.¹

Reference: Fraser (1998) p. 19.¹⁹

; Per Genealogics:
     “Godwin was probably son of the South Saxon Wulfnoth; but later stories make his father a _churl_ or _ceorl_ (a free peasant who formed the basis of society in Anglo-Saxon England. His free status was marked by his right to bear arms, his attendance at local courts, and his payment of dues directly to the king). Godwin ingratiated himself with Earl Ulf, Canute's brother-in-law; by 1018 he was an earl, and about 1019 became Earl of the West Saxons. In 1042 he helped raise Edward the Confessor to the throne and arranged for Edward to marry his daughter Edith.
     “Godwin led the struggle against the king's foreign favourites, while Edward revenged himself by heaping insults upon Queen Edith, confining her in the monastery of Wherwell and banishing Godwin and his sons. In 1052 they landed in the south of England; the royal troops, with the navy and vast numbers of burghers and peasants, went over to Godwin. The king was then forced to grant his demands and reinstate his family. Godwin died at Winchester on 15 April 1053.”.³

; Per Weis: “Godwin, d. 15 Apr. 1053, thegn in Sussez, Ealdorman of Wessex 1018; m. 1019/20, dau. Jarl Thorkill Sprakalaeg. (ES II/78, 97, 98).
”.^20,21

; Per Med Lands:
     "GODWIN, son of WULFNOTH & his wife --- ([993]-Winchester 15 Apr 1053, bur Winchester Old Minster[504]). His parentage is confirmed by the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle which records that "Beorhtric the brother of the ealdorman Eadric" denounced "Wulfnoth a nobleman of Sussex" to the king in [1008] for unspecified crimes, after which Wulfnoth fled the country only to return, take 20 ships from the king´s fleet, and ravage the south coast and burn the rest of the king´s navy, one manuscript naming him "quendam nobilem virum…Wlnothum (patrem Godwini ducis)"[505]. Florence of Worcester names "Brihtricus, Ælfricus, Goda, Ægelwinus, Ægelwardus, Ægelmærus, pater Wlnothi, patris West-Saxonum ducis Godwini" as the brothers of "Edricum…Ægelrici filium…ducem", and within a few lines in the same paragraph repeats the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle´s report about "Brihtric" accusing "Suth-Saxonicum ministrum Wlnothum" of treachery[506]. The two texts just quoted are contradictory, when read together, in suggesting that Wulfnoth, accused by Beorhtric, was the same person as Beorhtric´s nephew. Freeman argues cogently that Florence did not intend to identify Wulfnoth, the supposed nephew of Eadric, with Wulfnoth, the alleged traitor, arguing along similar lines to what has just been said[507]. He highlights that Florence does not make this connection in his two passages, although the one closely follows the other and it seems surprising that such a link would have been omitted if it had existed. In addition, from a chronological point of view, it is unlikely that Godwin was the grandson of the brother of Eadric "Streona", who died in 1017 and about whom there is no indication that he was very old at that time. The chronology suggests, rather, that Eadric "Streona" and Godwin´s father would have been contemporaries. Another interesting fact is that Ætheling Æthelstan, under his will dated [1014], made a bequest to "Godwine, Wulfnoth's son, the estate at Compton which his father possessed", listed second among the bequests to non-members of the royal family[508]. The wording of the bequest is consistent with the land in question having been confiscated, and such confiscation would have followed if Earl Godwin´s father had been the Wulfnoth Child who was accused of treachery. Freeman highlights that Domesday Book records the two places ini Sussex called Compton as having been held, respectively, by King Harold II (Earl Godwin´s son) and a tenant of Earl Godwin[509]. This strongly suggests that the beneficiary under Ætheling Æthelstan´s will was Earl Godwin, and that he was the son of Wulfnoth Child, the alleged traitor. In conclusion, it appears unlikely that Florence of Worcester was correct in stating that Godwin´s father was Eadric "Streona"´s nephew. Godwin was installed as Earl in 1018 by King Canute, and as bajulus[510] over almost the whole kingdom[511]. He heads the lists of witnesses to all the king's lay charters after 1023[512], indicating an unrivalled position of power. The earliest reference to Godwin in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle is in 1036 when he is recorded as supporting Queen Emma in opposing the accession of King Harold I[513]. Earl of Wessex. Godwin was probably installed as earl of Wessex in [1040/41] by King Harthacnut, as there appear to be no earlier sources which refer to his territory. Florence of Worcester records that King Harthacnut ordered "Godwinum West-Saxonum…comites" and others to burn Worcester, dated to 1041[514]. Godwin appears to have played a major role in the accession and acceptance in England of King Edward "the Confessor" in 1042, and in 1045 married his daughter to the king. However, his relations with the king became tense following a dispute over the appointment of a new archbishop of Canterbury in 1050. In 1051, Earl Godwin refused the king's order to punish an affray at Canterbury, in which one of the men of Eustache Comte de Boulogne was killed. The dispute escalated, and 1 Sep 1051 Godwin and his two older sons made a show of force to the king near Tetbury. Earls Leofric and Siward rallied to the king's support, and battle was avoided. Godwin and his family were given five days' safe conduct to leave the country by the King's Council held on 8 Sep 1051[515]. He fled with his wife and sons Svein, Tostig and Gyrth to Bruges. Godwin returned with an army in Sep 1052, joined forces with his son Harold who returned from Ireland, and sailed into London. The family gathered popular support and was fully reinstated[516]. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records that Earl Godwin died soon after, three days after suffering a stroke[517]. Florence of Worcester records his death and burial at Winchester[518].
     "m (1019) GYTHA, daughter of THORGILS Sprakling [THRUGILS Sprakaleg] & his wife --- (-St Omer after 1069). She is named by Florence of Worcester[519]. Her origin is deduced from Ulf Jarl of Denmark being described as the uncle of her son Svein by Florence of Worcester[520]. Morkinskinna names “Gytha, the daughter of Thorgils sprakaleggr and the sister of Jarl Úlfr” as the wife of “Godwin”[521]. Adam of Bremen records that "Wolf sororem" married "duci Gudvino", and was mother of "ducis Suein, Tostin et Haroldum [genuit parricidas]"[522], although this last reference is unexplained. She was living in Exeter when King William I attacked it in 1068. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records that she took refuge at Flat Holme, an island in the Bristol Channel[523]. Orderic Vitalis records that, after the rebellion of [her grandsons] the sons of King Harold, “Gisa Goduini uxor, Heraldi genitrix” secretly took a great treasure (“ingentem gazam clanculum”) and crossed “in Galliam”[524]. Florence of Worcester records that "Gytha…comitissa…mater Haroldi regis Anglorum ac soror Suani regis Danorum" fled to Flanders, in a passage dealing with events in early 1068[525]. She became a nun at Saint-Omer."
Med Lands cites:

; Per Genealogy.EU (Wessex): “A1. Godwine, Earl of Wessex and Kent (1020-53), *ca 987, +of apoplexy at Winchester Castle 15.4.1053, bur Winchester Cathedral; 1m: Thyra of Denmark (*ca 993, +1018); 2m: Gytha (*ca 1000, +after VI.1069), dau.of Thorgils Sprakalegg; all issue by 2m.”.⁶

; Per Med Lands:
     "GYTHA (-St Omer after 1069). Adam of Bremen records that "Wolf sororem" married "duci Gudvino", and was mother of "ducis Suein, Tostin et Haroldum [genuit parricidas]"[295], although this last reference is unexplained. She is named by Florence of Worcester[296]. Her origin is deduced from Ulf Jarl of Denmark being described as the uncle of her son Svein by Florence of Worcester[297]. Morkinskinna names “Gytha, the daughter of Thorgils sprakaleggr and the sister of Jarl Úlfr” as the wife of “Godwin”[298]. Orderic Vitalis records that, after the rebellion of [her grandsons] the sons of King Harold, “Gisa Goduini uxor, Heraldi genitrix” secretly took a great treasure (“ingentem gazam clanculum”) and crossed “in Galliam”[299]. Florence of Worcester records that "Gytha…comitissa…mater Haroldi regis Anglorum ac soror Suani regis Danorum" fled to Flanders, in a passage dealing with events in early 1068[300]. She became a nun at Saint-Omer.
     "m (1019) GODWIN Earl of Wessex, son of WULFNOTH "Cild" & his wife --- ([993]-Winchester 15 Apr 1053, bur Winchester Old Minster)."
Med Lands cites:

; Per Genealogy.EU (Denmark 2): “Gytha, *ca 1000, +in exile in Flanders after VI.1069; m.Earl Godwin of Wessex and Kent (15.4.1053)”.²²

; Per Genealogy.EU (Denmark 1): “C5. Thyra Svenssdotter, *ca 993, +1018; m.Earl Godwine of Wessex and Kent (+15.4.1053)”.²³ He was Earl of Wessex and Kent between 1020 and 1053.^2,18

     Marie (?) de France, Duchess of Brabant was buried at Saint Peter's Church, Leuven (Louvain), Arrondissement Leuven, Vlaams-Brabant, Belgium; From Find a Grave:
     BIRTH     1198
     DEATH     15 Aug 1224 (aged 25–26)
     Royalty, daughter of Philippe II de France and Agnes de Andechs. She married Philippe I, Marquis de Namur in 1206 but was widowed again in 1212. In 1213 she was married to Henri I of Brabant.
     Family Members
     Parents
          Philippe II Augustus of France 1165–1223
          Agnes Marie of Andechs 1175–1201
     Spouse
          Henry I de Brabant 1160–1235
     Siblings
          Philippe de France 1200–1234
     Half Siblings
          Louis VIII Capet, King of France 1187–1226
     BURIAL     Saint Peter's Church, Leuven, Arrondissement Leuven, Flemish Brabant (Vlaams-Brabant), Belgium
     Created by: Lutetia
     Added: 5 Jun 2011
     Find a Grave Memorial 70875870.¹³ She was born in 1198.^7,2,3,8,5,6 She and Alexander II "the Peaceful" (?) King of Scotland were engaged in 1200.⁶ Marie (?) de France, Duchess of Brabant and Arthur I 'Le Posthume' (?) Duke of Brittany, Count of Anjou, Earl of Richmond were engaged in April 1202.^14,6 Marie (?) de France, Duchess of Brabant married Philippe I "Le Noble" (?) Comte de Namur, Margrave of Namur, Regent of Flanders, son of Baudouin V/I 'le Courageaux' (?) Comte de Hainaut et Flandres, Mgve of Namur and Marguerite I (?) comtesse de Flandres, on 1 August 1206
;
Her 1st husband. Louda & Maclagan (Table 61) says m. 1210.^7,3,8,5,6 Marie (?) de France, Duchess of Brabant married Henri I "The Warrior" (?) Duke of Brabant and Lorraine, son of Godfrey III (?) Duke of Lower Lorraine, Count of Brabant and Margarethe (?) von Limburg, Duchess of Lorraine, on 22 April 1213 at Soissons, France (now),
;
His 2nd wife; her 2nd husband.
Per Stewart:
     "This marriage and the date & place for it are evidenced in an act of Philippe II dated, according to a contemporary copy, at Soissons April 1212 - this is the year as transcribed into one of the king's registers (the original document is lost), but we know that it was April 1213 from the corresponding charter of Henri himself, referring to matters afoot in 1213, and from the fact that Marie's first husband Philippe, margrave of Namur, did not die until October 1212.
     "Anyway, the text makes clear that King Philippe II's daughter Marie was to marry Henri on the day after the Sunday following Easter, i.e. on Monday 22 April 1213, when the court was still at Soissons - "Philippus Dei gratia Francorum rex omnibus ad quos littere presentes pervenerint salutem. Novertis quod nos dilecto et fideli nostro Henrico duci Lotharingie promisimus bona fide et in animam nostram jurari fecimus quod, in crastino dominice instantis qua cantabitur Quasi modo, Mariam filiam nostram cum dotalicio suo eidem dabimus in uxorem...".
     "There are also narrative sources indicating that the marriage took place as promised, e.g. Alberic of Troisfontaines who described Henri as son-in-law of the French king from not long before Bouvines, in July 1214 - "Dux autem Brabantie Henricus...gener erat regis et filiam eius nuper duxerat in uxorem".“.^{15,16,7,1,2,17,8,18,19,5,6}
Marie (?) de France, Duchess of Brabant died on 15 August 1224; Genealogy EU (Flanders 2) and Genealogics say d. 15 Aug 1224; Med Lands says d. 15 Aug 1238.^2,3,8,5,6
     ; Per Med Lands:
     "HENRI de Louvain, son of GODEFROI VII Duke of Lower Lotharingia, Duke of Louvain, Comte de Brabant & his first wife Margareta van Limburg (1165-Köln 5 Sep 1235, bur Louvain, église collégiale de Saint Pierre). The Oude Kronik van Brabant names "Henricum…et Albertum" as the two children of "Godefridus" and his wife "Margaretam filiam Henrici comitis Lymburgensis"[240]. The Gesta Abbatem Trudonensium names "Godefridus tercius dux Brabantie…et filius eius Henricus" when recording the former's departure for Jerusalem and the latter's destruction of "castrum Iacie" both in 1183[241]. He was installed in 1180 as HENRI Duke of Lotharingia, until 1222. Duke of Louvain 1183, until 1198. "Godefridus dux Lotharingie" returned property to Aachen St Maria, in the presence of "filiis meis Heinrico milite, Alberto clerico", by charter dated Sep 1185[242]. He was installed as HENRI I "le Guerroyeur" Duke of Brabant in 1191. "Henricus dux Lotharingiæ et marchio et…Luduicus comes de Lon" agreed to divide "terram de Mussal" if "comes de Dasborc" died without heirs by charter dated 1197[243]. He was one of the leaders of a crusade planned by Emperor Heinrich VI King of Germany, arriving in Palestine in mid-1197[244]. He was marching to relieve Jaffa, captured by the Muslims in Sep 1198, when he heard news of the death of Henri de Champagne King of Jerusalem. He returned to Acre and took interim charge of the government until the arrival of Amaury de Lusignan King of Cyprus in Jan 1198[245]. He recaptured Beirut from the Muslims in Oct 1197[246]. After the murder of Philipp von Hohenstaufen King of Germany in 1208, Philippe II "Auguste" King of France promoted the candidacy of Duke Henri for the German throne[247]. Markgraaf van Antwerpen. “Henricus...dux Lotharingie et marchio Andwerpie” acknowledged holding “de Herenthals burgesiam novam” jointly with Mons Sainte-Waudru, “pro mei et...coniugis mee Mathildis”, by charter dated Oct 1209[248]. Duke Henri joined his son-in-law Emperor Otto IV against France, and was defeated at the battle of Bouvines in 1214. The Annales Parchenses record the death in 1235 of "Heinricus dux Lotharingie"[249]. The Oude Kronik van Brabant records the death at Köln in 1235 of "Henricus dux Lotharingie" and his burial "Lovanii…in ecclesia Sancti Petri" with his wife Mathilde and his daughter Marie[250]. The necrology of Brogne records the death "VII Id Sep" of "Henricus dux Lovaniensis"[251].
     "m firstly (contract Antwerp 1179, 1180) MATHILDE de Flandre, daughter of MATHIEU de Flandre, Comte de Boulogne & his wife Marie de Blois (1170-Louvain 16 Oct 1210, bur Louvain, église collégiale de Saint Pierre). The Flandria Generosa specifies that "frater Philippi secundus natu Matheus" had two daughters by his wife "comitissam Boloniensem", specifying that the younger daughter (unnamed) married "Henricus dux Brabancie"[252]. The Chronicon Hanoniense names "Idam…et Mathildem" as the two daughters of "Matheus [comiti Boloniensi]" & his wife, specifying that Mathilde married "Henricus dux Lovaniensis"[253]. The Oude Kronik van Brabant records that "Henricus…primus, dux Lotharingie" married "Mechteldim, filiam Mathei Boloniensis comitis"[254]. The marriage contract between "Comitem Flandriæ Philippum…Mathildis neptis comitis" and "ducem Lovaniæ Godefridum…Henrici filii ducis" is dated 1179 at Antwerp[255]. “Henricus...dux Lotharingie et marchio Andwerpie” acknowledged holding “de Herenthals burgesiam novam” jointly with Mons Sainte-Waudru, “pro mei et...coniugis mee Mathildis”, by charter dated Oct 1209[256]. The Oude Kronik van Brabant records that Mathilde was buried "Lovanii…in ecclesia Sancti Petri" with her husband[257].
     "m secondly (Soissons, Aisne 22 Apr 1213) as her second husband, MARIE de France, widow of PHILIPPE I “le Noble” Marquis de Namur, daughter of PHILIPPE II "Auguste" King of France & his third wife Agnes von Andechs-Merano (after 1197-15 Aug 1238, bur Affligen or Louvain, église Saint Pierre). The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "filium unum Philippum…et filiam unam Mariam" as children of "Philippus [rex]" and "Mariam filiam ducis Meranie et marchionis Histrie", and in a later passage records their legitimation[258]. The Annales Parchenses record the marriage in 1204 of "Heinricus dux Lotharingie" and "filiam regis Francie", naming her "Maria uxor Henrici ducis" in a later passage[259], although the date is incorrect. The Chronique de Guillaume de Nangis records the marriage in 1212 of "Philippe roi de France…Marie sa fille, veuve de Philippe comte de Namur" and "le duc de Brabant"[260]. The Oude Kronik van Brabant records that Marie was buried "Affligenii"[261]."
Med Lands cites:
; Per Racines et Histoire (Brabant): “1) Henri de Louvain (Henri, duc de Basse-Lorraine) Henri 1er «Le Guerroyeur», duc de Brabant ° 1165 (Brabant) + 05-06/09/1235 (Köln) duc de BasseLorraine (Lothier, 1180-1222), duc de Louvain (1183-1198), duc de Brabant (1190/91), chef croisé avec Heinrich VI, Roi de Germanie (Palestine, milieu 1197), veut reprendre Jaffa prise par les Musulmans (09/1198 mais la mort d’Henri de Champagne, Roi de Jérusalem le fait revenir à Acre et assurer l’intérim du gouvernement jusqu’à l’arrivée d’Amauri de Lusignan, Roi de Chypre, reprende Beyrouth (10/1197), un temps favori des Français au trône de Germanie (1208), X et est défait à Bouvines (27/07/1214, avec son gendre Otto IV), markgraf van Antwerpen (1211)
     ép. 1) (c.m.) 1179 (Antwerpen) et 1180 Mahaut (Mathilde) de Boulogne (Flandres) ° 1170 + 16/10/1210 (Louvain) (fille de Mathieu de Flandres dit «d’Alsace», comte de Boulogne, et de Marie de Champagne-Blois)
     ép. 2) 08 et 22/04/1213 (Soissons, 02) Marie de France ° après 1197 (1198 ?) + 15/08/1224 (fille de Philippe II «Auguste», Roi de France, et d’Agnes von Andechs-Merano) ; veuve de Philippe 1er «Le Noble», marquis de Namur) ”.⁴
; Per Genealogy.EU (Brabant 2): “1. [1m.] Duke Henri I of Brabant (1190-1235), *Brabant 1165, +Köln 5.9.1235; 1m: 1179 Matilda de Boulogne (*1170 +16.10.1210); 2m: Soissons 8/22.4.1213 Marie de France (*1198 +18.8.1224)”.²⁰
; Per Weis (165-27): “Mathilde of Flanders, d. 1210/11; m. 1179 Henry I (155-26), Duke of Brabant, d. 5 Sep. 1235; he m. (2) 1213, Marie, dau. of Philip II (101-26), King of France.”

Per Weis (155-26): “Henry I, b. 1165, d. 5 Sept. 1235, Duke of and [sic] Lorraine, Louvain and Brabant; m. (1) 1179, Mathilde of Flanders (165-27), dau. of Matthew of alsace (165-26), Count of Boulogne. (See also 100-28) (Das Haus Brabant, p. 21. Gens. 17-26 see also: Milton Rubincam, "The House of Brabant," in TAG 25 (1949):224-232)."^15,21

; This is the same person as ”Marie of France, Duchess of Brabant” at Wikipedia and as ”Marie de France (v. 1198-1224)” at Wikipédia (FR).^22,23

; Per Ravilious:
     "The connection is valid, although the title 'Princess' was likely awarded by someone in the 20th century or later.
     "Mary/Marie was the illegitimate daughter of Philip II ("Philippe Auguste"), King of France by Agnes of Meran. Her full brother was Philippe 'Hurepel'. Secondary and other references concerning the foregoing which you may wish to view:

; Per Genealogy.EU (Capet 5): “A5. [3m.] Maria, *1198, +15.8.1223; m.22.4.1213 Duke Henri I of Brabant (*1165 +5.9.1235)”.²⁵

; Per Med Lands:
     "MARIE de France (after 1197-15 Aug 1238, bur Louvain, église collégiale de Saint Pierre). The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "filium unum Philippum…et filiam unam Mariam" as children of "Philippus [rex]" and "Mariam filiam ducis Meranie et marchionis Histrie", and in a later passage records their legitimation[544]. The primary sources which confirm her first betrothal has not yet been identified. King Philippe II agreed the betrothal of “Marie sa fille” and “Artur. comte de Bretagne” by charter dated [14/30] Apr 1202[545]. The Chronique de Guillaume de Nangis records the marriage in 1212 of "Philippe roi de France…Marie sa fille, veuve de Philippe comte de Namur" and "le duc de Brabant"[546]. The Annales Parchenses record the marriage in 1204 of "Heinricus dux Lotharingie" and "filiam regis Francie", naming her "Maria uxor Henrici ducis" in a later passage[547], although the date is incorrect. The Oude Kronik van Brabant records that Marie was buried "Affligenii"[548].
     "Betrothed (1200) to ALEXANDER Prince of Scotland, son of WILLIAM I "the Lion" King of Scotland & his wife Ermengarde de Beaumont (Haddington, East Lothian 24 Aug 1198-Isle of Kerrara, Bay of Ohan 8 Jul 1249, bur Melrose Abbey, Roxburghshire). He succeeded in 1214 as ALEXANDER II King of Scotland.
     "Betrothed ([14/30] Apr 1202) to ARTHUR I Duke of Brittany, son of GEOFFREY of England Duke of Brittany & his wife Constance Dss of Brittany (posthumously Nantes 29 Mar 1187-murdered Rouen or Cherbourg 3 Apr 1203, bur Notre Dame des Prés, Rouen or Abbaye de Bec, Normandy).
     "m firstly (contract Aug 1206) PHILIPPE I “le Noble” Marquis de Namur, son of BAUDOUIN V Comte de Hainaut [BAUDOUIN VIII Count of Flanders] & his wife Marguerite II Ctss of Flanders (Valenciennes Mar 1174-15 Oct 1212, bur Namur, Cathedral Saint-Aubin).
     "m secondly (Soissons, Aisne 22 Apr 1213) as his second wife, HENRI I "le Guerroyeur" Duke of Brabant, son of GODEFROI VII Duke of Lower Lotharingia, Duc de Louvain, Comte de Brabant & his first wife Margareta van Limburg (1165-Köln 5 Sep 1235, bur Louvain, église collégiale de Saint Pierre) (-5 Oct 1235)."
Med Lands cites:

     Thomas Mahon was born circa 1700.¹ He married Mary Moore, daughter of John Moore and Elizabeth Dowland, on 12 April 1716 at St. Paul's Parish, Kent Co., Maryland, USA.¹

Thomas Mahon died on 24 January 1742/43 at Kent Co., Maryland, USA.
Thomas Mahon died on 24 January 1742/43 at Kent Co., Maryland, USA.¹
      ;

!WILL: dat Oct 3 1742 pro Jan 22 1742/3. wife Mary 1/2 dwelling
plantation in the forrest, half of lands of "Queen Charlton" and "addition
to Queen Charlton". dau Mary residue of above land, if she dies then to her 3
sisters Hannah, Ann, and Amelia Sophie Charlata. 3 daus to receive land of
their mother, son Thomas 150 acres "Stratford Manor" on Chester River. negroes
Pompey and Judy to wife Mary, negro Peg and Dick to dau Mary, negro Present to
Hannah, negro Dinah to Thomas, negro Pompey to Ann, negro Harry to Amelia,
Thomas to have silver shoe buckles. 5 children divide personal estate.
witness William More. WB 23 p 62. Mary did not abide by will but wanted what
the law entitled her to.

!DEED: John Garland of Kent Co and Rose his wife conveyed to Thomas Mahon a
moiety of 100 acres formerly purchased by Cornelius Crowly from James Worth
part of a tract called Queen Charlton which was bequeathed by Cornelius to his
daughters Elinor and Honour. date Apr 26 1733. JS #18 p 9

!DEED: JS 26 193 date Mar 25 1749

!DEED: Oct 21 1765 division of Queen Charlton 200 acres between Ebenezer
Blackiston and Henrietta his wife, Nathaniel Ricketss and Ann his wife, and
Amelia Sophia Charlotta Ricketts widow, being the daughters and devisees of
Thomas Mahon. Kent Co Lib DD no 2 p 159. info. sent by Mary Abel.

Inv. and accts. Hannah m. Bartholomew Garnett Accts 21 p 165, Inv. Book 59 p 79
WB 25 p 248.
Mary m. John Fanner Accts Mar 21 1744 Mary m. James Blake accts Mar 21 1744.¹

     Hannahretta Mahon was born on 1 October 1725 at St. Paul's Parish, Kent Co., Maryland, USA.
Hannahretta Mahon died after 1794.
      ; She is called Hannah in her father's will. In his accounts she is said to have
married Bartholomew Garnett Accts 21 p 165. In her husband's accounts she is
called Hannahretta. She married 1st Bartholomew Garnett who died Jul 21 1755,
2nd to Ebenezer Blackiston, 3rd to Matthew Richardson.

!DEED: DD p 159 Oct 21 1765 Ebenezer Blackistone and Hannahrietta and
Nathaniel Ricketts and Ann, and Amelia Sophiah Charlotta Ricketts.
whereas Thomas Mahon late of Kent Deceased by his last will and testament
bearing date of Oct 3 1742 divided 200 acres called Queen Charlton 3 daus
Henrietta, Ann and Amelia Sophia Charlotta. Amelia was a widow. divides land of
thier father, dau Mary relinquished her right to land for land called Quakers
Neck. adj. Daniel Torrell's Land bought of James Wroth of the Queen Charlton
all signed except Ebenezer.

!DEED: Henrietta conveys Richardson conveys 66 2/3 acres of Queen Charlton
to her son Joseph Blackiston. BC #4 p 129 Oct 3 1794.

Hannahretta moved to Charles Co MD Apr 6 1772 per Mrs. Mary Abel. Maryland
Genealogies (Blackiston) p. 67-68 discusses her family and corrects genealogy of
her husband and son.¹

     Thomas Mahon Jr. was born on 18 December 1720 at St. Paul's Parish, Kent Co., Maryland, USA.
      .¹

     Mary Mahon was born circa 1722.
      ; Accts Mar 21 1744 says Mary m. John Fanner, same accounts say Mary m. James
Blake?¹

     Ann Mahon was born on 13 March 1726 at St. Paul's Parish, Kent Co., Maryland, USA.
      .¹

     Amelia Sophia Charlotte Mahon was born on 3 October 1727 at St. Paul's Parish, Kent Co., Maryland, USA.
      .¹

     Elizabeth Mahon was born circa 1724.
      .¹

      .¹

     Katherine de Eure married Sir Alexander Neville in 1401.^3,1

Katherine de Eure died before 31 August 1459.⁴

     Sir Roger de Clifford of Tenbury was buried at Dore Abbey, Herefordshire, England.³ He married Maud/Matilda (?)
;
Her 2nd husband; his 2nd wife.^4,5 Sir Roger de Clifford of Tenbury married Hawise Botterell Countess Lorraine, daughter of Sir John Botterell of Herefordshire.³
Sir Roger de Clifford of Tenbury was born in 1221; Boyer says b. ca 1226.^3,4 He married NN (?) Countess de Lauretania on 15 February 1274 at St.George, La Rochelle, France,
; his 2nd wife.^3,4
Sir Roger de Clifford of Tenbury died in 1285 at France.^6,3
Sir Roger de Clifford of Tenbury died in 1285; Burke's says "before 03 Apr 1286."^7,4
     He was Lord of Kingsbury in Warwickshire.³

; van de Pas cites: 1. The Plantagenet Ancestry, Baltimore, 1975 , Turton, Lt.Col. W. H., Reference: 137
2. [S01610] The Mapledurham Connection, tracing the first wife of Roger Clifford 1221-1285 The Genealogists Magazine September 1990, Clifford, David J. H.⁴ GAV-21 EDV-21 GKJ-21. He was Crusader.⁶ He was Justice of Wales.⁶ He was Justice of the Forest south of Trent in August 1265.^6,3

     John de Vipont Lord of Appleby married Sibyl de Ferrers, daughter of William de Ferrers 4th Earl of Derby, Lord of Abergavenny and Agnes Kevelioc of Chester, Lady of Chartley,
; "had a liaison" - apparently not married.^4,5,1,3 John de Vipont Lord of Appleby was born in 1210; Weis says b. 1210; Racines et Histoire says b. 1215.⁴
John de Vipont Lord of Appleby died on 25 July 1241; Ravilious says d. 1243, cites: 14. "GENUKI website," Westmorland: A History of the Family of
Sandford of Sandford, William A. C. Sandford,
www.love-lane.freeserve.co.uk/genuki/WES/Warcop/Sandford2.htm.^4,1,3
     GAV-22 EDV-22 GKJ-22. He was Sheriff of Westmoreland at Westmorland, England.