Person Page - 147

     ErmentrudeErmengardeHermintrudis (?) of Orleans was born on 27 September 830 at Orleans, Loiret, France.^2,4,5 She married Charles II "The Bald" (?) King of West Franks, King of Aquitaine, Holy Roman Emperor, son of Louis I "The Pious, The Fair, le Debonnaire" (?) King of Aquitaine, King of the Franks, Emperor of the West and Judith (?) von Altdorf, on 14 December 842 at Crecy/Queercy-sur-Oise, France (now),
;
His 1st wife.^8,2,9,10,4,5
ErmentrudeErmengardeHermintrudis (?) of Orleans died on 6 October 869 at Saint-Denis, Departement de Seine-Saint-Denis, Île-de-France, France (now), at age 39.^2,11,4,5
ErmentrudeErmengardeHermintrudis (?) of Orleans was buried after 6 October 869 at Basilique Saint-Denis, Saint-Denis, Departement de Seine-Saint-Denis, Île-de-France, France; From Find A Grave:
     BIRTH     27 Sep 823
     DEATH     6 Oct 869 (aged 46), France
     French Queen. Born the the daughter of Odo, Comte de Orléans and Ergetrude, at Orleans, Neustria, Loiret, France. She married Charles I of France in 842. The couple had at least nine children, including the future Louis II 'the Stammerer'. She reportedly was well known for her embroidery and had an interest in religious foundations. At least three of her children entered the church, rising to Abbott or Abbess for their respective orders. Additionaly, her husband gave her the Abbey of Chelles. The royal couple separated when the king had his brother-in-law executed for treason in 866, and she retired to a convent. Her name has also been recorded as Hirmentrude and Irmintrud. Bio by: Iola
     Family Members
     Parents
      Eudes Odo d'Orleans 780–834
      Engeltrude de Paris d'Orleans 805–853
     Spouse
      Charles II Emperor of the Holy Empire 823–877
     Children
      Judith de France 844–870
      Louis The Stammerer 846–879
      Godehilde Carolingian de France 864–923
     BURIAL     Saint Denis Basilique, Saint-Denis, Departement de Seine-Saint-Denis, Île-de-France, France
     Maintained by: Find A Grave
     Added: 2 Apr 2001
     Find A Grave Memorial 21072.¹¹
      ; Per Genealogy.EU (Carolin 1): "B8. [2m.] Charles II "the Bald", King of Aquitaine 838, King of West Franks (843-877), King of (East) Lotharingia (869-870), King of Italy (875-876), Emperor (875-877), *Frankfurt a.M. 15.5./13.6.823, +Avrieux=Bries-les-Bains 6.10.877, bur St.Denis, Paris; 1m: Crecy 14.12.842 *[4381] Ermentrude (*Orleans ca 825/27.9.830, +6.10.869, St.Denis, Aude), a dau.of Ct Eudes I "of Orleans" and Ingeltrude de Paris; 2m: Aachen 22.1.870 *[6483] Richildis of Metz (+910/914), dau.of Buwin of Metz."²

; Per Med Lands:
     "CHARLES, son of Emperor LOUIS I "le Pieux" & his second wife Judith [Welf] (Frankfurt-am-Main 13 Jun 823-Avrieux or Brides-les-Bains, Savoie 6 Oct 877, bur Nantua Abbey, transferred to église de l'abbaye royale de Saint-Denis). The Annales S. Benigni Divisionensis record the birth of "Karolus filius Ludowici" in Frankfurt "Idus Iun 824"[236]. Thegan's Vita Hludowici Imperatoris names Charles as son of his father by his second wife[237]. His father invested Charles as dux in Alemania, Rhetia, Alsace and part of Burgundy at Worms in Aug 829, reducing the territory of his oldest brother Lothaire to Italy. This triggered the revolt of his older half-brothers in Mar 830, when they captured their father at Compiègne and forced him to revert to the constitutional arrangements decided in 817. His father installed Charles as King of Aquitaine in Sep 832, having deprived Charles's half-brother Pépin. His father restored Aquitaine to Pépin 15 Mar 834 at Quierzy-sur-Oise. His father accorded Charles the land between Frisia and the Seine at the assembly of Aix-la-Chapelle in 837, Maine and the land between the Seine and the Loire (as well as a royal crown) in 838, and Francia between the Meuse and the Seine, western and southern Burgundy, Provence, Neustria, the march of Bretagne, Aquitaine, Gascony and Septimania at the assembly of Worms 28 May 839. On the death of his father, he became King of the Franks of the West. His brother Emperor Lothaire sought to deprive him of his lands. Charles allied himself with his half-brother Ludwig and together they defeated Lothaire at Fontenoy-en-Puisaye 25 Jun 841. Under the division of imperial territories agreed under the Treaty of Verdun 11 Aug 843, he became CHARLES II “le Chauve” King of the West Franks. King of Aquitaine in 848, when he deposed his nephew Pépin II. When King Charles II was faced with widespread rebellion, his brother Ludwig II "der Deutsche" King of the East Franks invaded his kingdom in Aug 858 but was defeated 15 Jan 859 in the Laonnais and forced to withdraw. In 865, Charles agreed with King Ludwig II the future division of the territories of Lothaire II King of Lotharingia, but on the latter's death in 869 Charles invaded Lotharingia and proclaimed himself CHARLES King of Lotharingia before Ludwig could assert his rights. A settlement was reached at Meerssen in Aug 870 under which Charles received the Meuse valley, Lyonnais, Viennois and Vivarais, declaring himself king of Lotharingia in 869. He was crowned Emperor CHARLES II at Rome 25 Dec 875 by Pope John VIII, and elected king of Italy at Pavia in 876[238]. The Annales S. Benigni Divisionensis record the death of "Karolus imperator Prid Non Oct 877"[239]. The necrology of Reims Saint-Rémi records the death "III Non Oct" of "Karolus Calvus rex Francorum"[240]. The necrology of Saint-Germain-des-Prés records the death 877 “II Non Oct” of “Karoli...secundi imperatoris...”[241].
     "m firstly (Quierzy, Aisne 13 Dec 842, separated 867) ERMENTRUDIS, daughter of EUDES Comte [d’Orléans] & his wife Engeltrudis (27 Sep [830]-Saint-Denis 6 Oct 869, bur église de l'abbaye royale de Saint-Denis). The Annales Bertiniani record the marriage in 842 of "Ermendrud neptem Adalardi comitis" and "Karolus" at "Carisiacum palatium"[242]. Nithard names "Hirmentrude, daughter of Odo and Ingiltrud" as wife of Charles[243]. She was crowned in Aug 866 at Saint-Médard de Soissons. After she was separated from her husband, she retired to a monastery. The Annales Bertiniani record the death "869 II Non Oct in monasterio Sancti Dyonisii" of "Hyrmentrudem uxorem suam [=Karoli]" and her burial at Saint-Denis[244]. The Obituaire de Notre-Dame de Paris records the death "Non Oct" of "Irmentrudis regina uxor Caroli"[245]. The necrology of the abbey of Saint-Denis records the death "Non Oct" of "Hirmentrudis regina"[246].
     "m secondly (12 Oct 869, confirmed Aix-la-Chapelle 22 Jan 870) RICHILDIS, daughter of comte BUVINUS [Bouvin] & his wife --- d'Arles (-[30 Jan] [910 or after]). The Annales Bertiniani record the marriage "869 VII Id Oct" of "sororem…Bosonis…Richildem" and King Charles II[247]. She was crowned empress at Tortona in Lombardy by Pope John VIII in 877. “Richildis quondam regina” donated property, among which “in pago Gerbercinse in Langeii villa”, to Gorze Abbey by charter dated 910[248]. The necrology of Reims Saint-Rémi records the death "III Kal Feb" of "RICHILDIS"[249]."
Med Lands cites:

Reference: Genealogics cites:

; This is the same person as:
”Ermentrude of Orléans” at Wikipedia and as
”Ermentrude d'Orléans” at Wikipédia (Fr.)^12,13 GAV-30 EDV-30 GKJ-31.

; Per Genealogics:
     “Ermentrudis was born on 27 September 830, the daughter of Eudes, comte d'Orléans, and his wife Ingeltrud. On 13 December 842 she married Charles, then king of Aquitaine, the younger son of the Holy Roman Emperor Louis I 'the Pious', by his second wife Judith. They had nine children of whom Judith and Louis II would have progeny. Ermentrudis had a gift for embroidery and in interest in religious foundations. Her husband gave her the Abbey of Chelles. She separated from Charles after he executed her rebellious brother Guillaume in 866, and retreated to the life of a nunnery. She died on 6 October 869, and was buried in the Basilique Saint-Denis in Paris. Her husband Charles did not become Holy Roman Emperor until 875.”.⁴

; Per Med Lands:
     "ERMENTRUDIS (27 Sep [830]-Saint-Denis 6 Oct 869, bur église de l'abbaye royale de Saint-Denis). The Annales Bertiniani record the marriage in 842 of "Ermendrud neptem Adalardi comitis" and "Karolus" at "Carisiacum palatium"[146]. Nithard names "Hirmentrude, daughter of Odo and Ingiltrud" as wife of Charles[147]. She was crowned in Aug 866 at Saint-Médard de Soissons. After she was separated from her husband, she retired to a monastery. The Annales Bertiniani record the death "869 II Non Oct in monasterio Sancti Dyonisii" of "Hyrmentrudem uxorem suam [=Karoli]" and her burial at Saint-Denis[148]. The Obituaire de Notre-Dame de Paris records the death "Non Oct" of "Irmentrudis regina uxor Caroli"[149]. The necrology of the abbey of Saint-Denis records the death "Non Oct" of "Hirmentrudis regina"[150].
     "m (Quierzy, Aisne 13 Dec 842, separated 867) as his first wife, CHARLES II “le Chauve” King of the West Franks, son of Emperor LOUIS I "le Pieux" & his second wife Judith [Welf] (Frankfurt-am-Main 13 Jun 823-Avrieux or Brides-les-Bains, Savoie 6 Oct 877, bur Nantua Abbey, transferred to église de l'abbaye royale de Saint-Denis). He was crowned Emperor CHARLES II in 875. "
Med Lands cites:

     Eudes/Odo I (?) Comte d'Orléans married Rothilde (?)
;
His possible 1st(?) wife.^1,2 Eudes/Odo I (?) Comte d'Orléans was born in 780 at Orléans, Departement du Loiret, Centre, France (now); Genealogics says b. est. 785; Find A Grave says b. 780; Med Lands says b. 770/780.^5,6,1,2 He married Engeltrude de Fézensac, daughter of Leuthard (?) Comte de Paris, Fulde & Fézensac, Conseiller du Roi and Grimhildis (?) Countess of Aquitaine, in 825
;
His 2nd(?) wife.^7,8,1,9,2
Eudes/Odo I (?) Comte d'Orléans died on 25 May 834 at Touraine, Departement d'Indre-et-Loire, Centre, France (now); Med Lands says d. Jun 834, killed in battle.^5,1
Eudes/Odo I (?) Comte d'Orléans was buried after 25 May 834 at Basilique Saint-Denis, Saint-Denis, Departement de Seine-Saint-Denis, Île-de-France, France; From Find A Grave:
     BIRTH     780, Orleans, Departement du Loiret, Centre, France
     DEATH     25 May 834 (aged 53–54), Touraine, Departement d'Indre-et-Loire, Centre, France
     Birth:780, Death:25 May 834. Count of Orleans
     Family Members
     Parents
      Adrian d'Orleans unknown–820
      Waldrada de Toulouse of Gellone d'Orleans 790 – unknown
     Spouse
      Engeltrude de Paris d'Orleans 805–853
     Siblings
      William de Blois
      Waldrada d'Orleans 801 – unknown
     Children
      Ermentrude 823–869
     BURIAL     Saint Denis Basilique, Saint-Denis, Departement de Seine-Saint-Denis, Île-de-France, France
     Created by: Memerizion
     Added: 25 May 2015
     Find A Grave Memorial 146954235
     SPONSORED BY Christian H. F. Riley.⁵
     GAV-32 EDV-31 GKJ-32.

; Per Genealogics:
     "Eudes was the count of Orléans _(comes Aurelianensium)_ following the final deposition of Matfrid until his own deposition a few years later. He belonged to the Udalriching family and was a son of Adrian, who had also held the county of Orléans, and possibly of Waldrada, a Nibelungid. Eudes first appears as an imperial legate to the Eastern Saxons in 810, when he was captured by the Wilzi. In 811, as count _(comes),_ according to the _Annales Fuldenses,_ he signed a peace treaty with the Vikings.
     "According to the _Vita Hludowici,_ in 827 he was named to replace the deposed Matfrid in Orléans. Eudes and a relative Heribert, possibly his cousin, were exiled in April 830 by Emperor Lothar I. Orléans was confiscated and Matfrid was reinstated.
     "In 834, while fighting Matfrid and Lambert I, count and margrave of Nantes, both partisans of Lothar, Eudes was killed, together with his brother Guillaume, Guy of Maine, and Theodo, Abbot of Saint Martin of Tours.
     "With his wife Ingeltrud, Eudes had a daughter Ermentrudis who would have progeny, marrying Charles 'the Bald', then king of Aquitaine, in 842. Her brother Guillaume was executed by Charles in 866 for rebellion."⁶

; This is the same person as ”Odo I, Count of Orléans” at Wikipedia and as ”Eudes d'Orléans” at Wikipédia (FR).^10,4

Reference: Genealogics cites: Gens Nostra. 1968.⁶ Eudes/Odo I (?) Comte d'Orléans was also known as Odo I Count of Orléans.¹⁰ Eudes/Odo I (?) Comte d'Orléans was also known as Eudes (Odo) Count of Orléans.¹¹

; Per Med Lands:
     "EUDES ([770/80]-killed in battle [Touraine] Jun 834). His birth date is estimated on the assumption that he was already mature when named for the first time in 810/11, but bearing in mind his active participation in the 834 battle in which he was killed. The Annales Fuldenses record that "Odo legatus imperatoris…orientalium Saxonum præsidium" was captured by "Wilzis" in 810[125]. Einhard's Annales record "Uodo comes" as one of the signatories of peace with the Vikings in 811[126]. He became Comte d'Orléans after the territory was forfeited by Matfried[127]: the Miracula Sancti Bernardi records that "Matfrido, comite quondam Aurelianensi" was deprived of his honours "culpam inertiæ" and "Odo" appointed in his place[128], presumably dated to [828]. From that time, Eudes and his brother Guillaume were the most powerful supporters of Emperor Louis "le Pieux" against his son Lothaire, whose rebellion was supported by Matfried. The Vita Hludowici Imperatoris records that "Aurelianensem urbem" was taken from "Hodone" and restored to "Mathfrido" [in 830][129]. The Annales Bertiniani record that "Odo et Willelmus frater eius" were among those killed fighting "Lantbertum et Matfridem" in 834[130]. Merlet suggests that the battle took place in Touraine[131]. The Annales Xantenses record that "Uodo comes et Theodo abbas" were killed in 834[132]. The Annales Fuldenses record the rebellion of "Mahtfredo et Lantberto" in 834 and the battle in which "Udo comes Aurelianensium et Theodo abbas sancti Martini Turonensis" were killed[133]. The Chronicle of Adémar de Chabannes records that "Odo Aurelianorum comes" was killed fighting "Lamberto Nannetensi comite"[134]. The Miracula Sancti Bernardi names "Odonem fratremque illius Guillelmum, comitem Blesensium, Teutonem denique abbatem Sancti Martini, Guidonem comitem Cenomanensem" among those killed in battle against Lambert Comte de Nantes[135]. The Chronica Rainaldi records that "Odo comes Aurelianensium, Willelmus frater eius comes Blesensium, Guido comes Cenomanensium" died in battle fighting "Lambertum" in 835[136]. It is more likely that this battle took place in 834, assuming that it is correct that Count Lantbert was established in Italy later that year.
     "m firstly ---. The charter quoted below, which records the confirmation of a donation to Tours Saint-Martin made by Comte Eudes and his son Guillaume, suggests that Guillaume must have been considerably older than his sister Ermentrudis (whose birth is est[imated to [830], see below). If this is correct, it is possible that Guillaume was born from an earlier marriage of his father. The possibility of such an earlier marriage is also indicated by Eudes’s estimated birth date as shown above.]
     "m [secondly] ENGELTRUDIS, daughter of [LIUTHARD Comte de Fézensac & his wife Grimhild ---]. The wife of Eudes is named by Nithard who records "Hirmentrude, daughter of Odo and Ingiltrud" as the wife of Charles[137]. However, the Annales Bertiniani suggest that she was the sister of Adalhard [III] (and therefore maybe the daughter of Liuthard) when they record that "Carlomannus, Hlodowici regis Germaniæ" sought refuge with "Adalardo, Yrmintrudis reginæ avunculo, suo autem propinquo" after he was banished by his father following his rebellion in 861[138]."
     "Comte Eudes & his [first] wife had one child:
     "Comte Eudes & his [first/second] wife had [one possible child]:
     "Comte Eudes & his [second] wife had one child:
Med Lands cites:

; Per Royaume Europe:
     "Odo pr?mus d? Aur?l??nensis, Eudes Ier de Orléans il est né entre 780-790 à Orléans et tué en juin 834 à Orléans fils de Adrianus d? Aur?l??nensis et de Waldrade de Laon.
     "Il a les titres de :
? — zweiter Graf von Lahngau vers 826 à 828? — IIème Comte de Lahngau
? — tert?us c?m?s d? Aur?l??nensis en 828? — IIIème Comte de Orléans
     "Il a la charge de :? — Bouteiller de France
     "m1. Épouse en 810 une certaine Rothilde née vers 795
     "m2. Épouse en 825 Yrmintrudis d? F?dent?acus née vers 795 et décédée le 18 novembre 901 fille de Leutardi pr?mus d? F?dent?acus et de Grimhilde von Nordgau

; Per Med Lands:
     " [ENGELTRUDIS . The wife of Eudes is named by Nithard who records "Hirmentrude, daughter of Odo and Ingiltrud" as the wife of Charles[107]. However, the Annales Bertiniani suggest that she was the sister of Adalhard [III] (and therefore maybe the daughter of Liuthard) when they record that "Carlomannus, Hlodowici regis Germaniæ" sought refuge with "Adalardo, Yrmintrudis reginæ avunculo, suo autem propinquo" after he was banished by his father following his rebellion in 861[108]. m [as his second wife,] EUDES Comte d'Orléans, son of --- ([770/80]-killed in battle [Touraine] Jun 834).]"
Med Lands cites:

     Engeltrude de Fézensac was born in 805 at City of Paris, Île-de-France, France (now); Royaume Europe says b. ca 795.^1,7 She married Eudes/Odo I (?) Comte d'Orléans, son of Adrian (?) Count of Orléans and Waldrada (?), in 825
;
His 2nd(?) wife.^8,9,10,5,7
Engeltrude de Fézensac died in 853 at Orléans, Departement du Loiret, Centre, France.¹
Engeltrude de Fézensac was buried in 853 at Basilique Saint-Denis, Saint-Denis, Departement de Seine-Saint-Denis, Île-de-France, France; From Find A Grave:
     BIRTH     805, City of Paris, Île-de-France, France
     DEATH     853 (aged 47–48), Orleans, Departement du Loiret, Centre, France
     Engeltrude of Fézensac, wife of Odo of Orléans, and mother of Ermentrude of Orléans who married future emperor Charles the Bald.
     Family Members
     Parents
      Leuthard de Paris 765–813
      Grimhildis d'Aquitaine de Paris
     Spouse
      Eudes Odo d'Orleans 780–834
     Siblings
      Adalard le Sénéschal
      Gérard II de Roussillon 810–877
     Children
      Ermentrude 823–869
     BURIAL     Saint Denis Basilique, Saint-Denis, Departement de Seine-Saint-Denis, Île-de-France, France
     Created by: Memerizion
     Added: 25 May 2015
     Find A Grave Memorial 146955109.¹
     ; Per Royaume Europe:
     "Odo pr?mus d? Aur?l??nensis, Eudes Ier de Orléans il est né entre 780-790 à Orléans et tué en juin 834 à Orléans fils de Adrianus d? Aur?l??nensis et de Waldrade de Laon.
     "Il a les titres de :
? — zweiter Graf von Lahngau vers 826 à 828? — IIème Comte de Lahngau
? — tert?us c?m?s d? Aur?l??nensis en 828? — IIIème Comte de Orléans
     "Il a la charge de :? — Bouteiller de France
     "m1. Épouse en 810 une certaine Rothilde née vers 795
     "m2. Épouse en 825 Yrmintrudis d? F?dent?acus née vers 795 et décédée le 18 novembre 901 fille de Leutardi pr?mus d? F?dent?acus et de Grimhilde von Nordgau
; Per Med Lands:
     "EUDES ([770/80]-killed in battle [Touraine] Jun 834). His birth date is estimated on the assumption that he was already mature when named for the first time in 810/11, but bearing in mind his active participation in the 834 battle in which he was killed. The Annales Fuldenses record that "Odo legatus imperatoris…orientalium Saxonum præsidium" was captured by "Wilzis" in 810[125]. Einhard's Annales record "Uodo comes" as one of the signatories of peace with the Vikings in 811[126]. He became Comte d'Orléans after the territory was forfeited by Matfried[127]: the Miracula Sancti Bernardi records that "Matfrido, comite quondam Aurelianensi" was deprived of his honours "culpam inertiæ" and "Odo" appointed in his place[128], presumably dated to [828]. From that time, Eudes and his brother Guillaume were the most powerful supporters of Emperor Louis "le Pieux" against his son Lothaire, whose rebellion was supported by Matfried. The Vita Hludowici Imperatoris records that "Aurelianensem urbem" was taken from "Hodone" and restored to "Mathfrido" [in 830][129]. The Annales Bertiniani record that "Odo et Willelmus frater eius" were among those killed fighting "Lantbertum et Matfridem" in 834[130]. Merlet suggests that the battle took place in Touraine[131]. The Annales Xantenses record that "Uodo comes et Theodo abbas" were killed in 834[132]. The Annales Fuldenses record the rebellion of "Mahtfredo et Lantberto" in 834 and the battle in which "Udo comes Aurelianensium et Theodo abbas sancti Martini Turonensis" were killed[133]. The Chronicle of Adémar de Chabannes records that "Odo Aurelianorum comes" was killed fighting "Lamberto Nannetensi comite"[134]. The Miracula Sancti Bernardi names "Odonem fratremque illius Guillelmum, comitem Blesensium, Teutonem denique abbatem Sancti Martini, Guidonem comitem Cenomanensem" among those killed in battle against Lambert Comte de Nantes[135]. The Chronica Rainaldi records that "Odo comes Aurelianensium, Willelmus frater eius comes Blesensium, Guido comes Cenomanensium" died in battle fighting "Lambertum" in 835[136]. It is more likely that this battle took place in 834, assuming that it is correct that Count Lantbert was established in Italy later that year.
     "m firstly ---. The charter quoted below, which records the confirmation of a donation to Tours Saint-Martin made by Comte Eudes and his son Guillaume, suggests that Guillaume must have been considerably older than his sister Ermentrudis (whose birth is est[imated to [830], see below). If this is correct, it is possible that Guillaume was born from an earlier marriage of his father. The possibility of such an earlier marriage is also indicated by Eudes’s estimated birth date as shown above.]
     "m [secondly] ENGELTRUDIS, daughter of [LIUTHARD Comte de Fézensac & his wife Grimhild ---]. The wife of Eudes is named by Nithard who records "Hirmentrude, daughter of Odo and Ingiltrud" as the wife of Charles[137]. However, the Annales Bertiniani suggest that she was the sister of Adalhard [III] (and therefore maybe the daughter of Liuthard) when they record that "Carlomannus, Hlodowici regis Germaniæ" sought refuge with "Adalardo, Yrmintrudis reginæ avunculo, suo autem propinquo" after he was banished by his father following his rebellion in 861[138]."
     "Comte Eudes & his [first] wife had one child:
     "Comte Eudes & his [first/second] wife had [one possible child]:
     "Comte Eudes & his [second] wife had one child:
Med Lands cites:

Reference: Genealogics cites: Caroli Magni Progenies, Neustadt an der Aisch, 1977 , Rösch, Siegfried. 82.⁹

; This is the same person as ”Engeltrude de Fézensac” at Wikipedia and as ”Engeltrude de Fézensac” at Wikipédia (FR).^2,3 GAV-32 EDV-31 GKJ-32. Engeltrude de Fézensac was also known as Engeltrude de Paris.¹¹ Engeltrude de Fézensac was also known as Ingeltrude of Paris. Engeltrude de Fézensac was also known as Engeltrudis.^10,5

; Per Med Lands:
     " [ENGELTRUDIS . The wife of Eudes is named by Nithard who records "Hirmentrude, daughter of Odo and Ingiltrud" as the wife of Charles[107]. However, the Annales Bertiniani suggest that she was the sister of Adalhard [III] (and therefore maybe the daughter of Liuthard) when they record that "Carlomannus, Hlodowici regis Germaniæ" sought refuge with "Adalardo, Yrmintrudis reginæ avunculo, suo autem propinquo" after he was banished by his father following his rebellion in 861[108]. m [as his second wife,] EUDES Comte d'Orléans, son of --- ([770/80]-killed in battle [Touraine] Jun 834).]"
Med Lands cites:

     Welf I (?) Graf in Swabia was born circa 775 at Artdorf, Bavaria (Bayern), Germany (now).^5,8 He married Heilwig/Hedwig/Eigilwich (?) of Saxony, daughter of Isambart "the Saxon" (?) Count in Thurgau and Thiedrada/Thietrate (?).^9,3,1,2

Welf I (?) Graf in Swabia died between 824 and 825 at Bavaria (Bayern), Germany (now).^1,5,8,2
Welf I (?) Graf in Swabia was buried between 824 and 825 at Weingarten Abbey, Ravensburg, Landkreis Ravensburg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany; From Find A Grave:
     BIRTH     unknown, Bavaria (Bayern), Germany
     DEATH     unknown, Bavaria (Bayern), Germany
     Count of Altdorf, Count in Swabia, Duke of Bavaria, Count in Alemannia, Duke of Auxerre. Welf I or Welfo (died before 876) was a Swabian nobleman. He was a member of the Elder House of Welf.
     Welf originated from a distinguished dynasty of Franconian nobles. He is mentioned only once: on the occasion of the wedding of his daughter Judith with Emperor Louis the Pious in 819 at Aachen. His son Conrad later appeared as a dux (duke) in Alamannia and achieved a powerful position in the Upper Swabian estates he possibly had inherited from his mother Hedwig (Heilwig).
     His family became politically powerful when Louis the Pious chose his oldest daughter as his 2nd wife upon the death of his consort Ermengarde of Hesbaye. Though Welf himself never became publicly prominent, his family became interwoven with the Carolingian dynasty.
     Welf was probably a son of Conrad I of Auxerre, and seems to have taken over his father's offices in Swabia, namely: count of Alpgau, count of Linzgau, and possibly count of Argengau. However, when Conrad and his other sons changed allegiance from King Louis the German to King Charles the Bald in 859, Welf disappears from the historical record. It is assumed that he fell out of favor with King Louis and lost his offices; the Swabian branch of the Elder Welfs was not mentioned again until Rudolf II, Count of Altdorf, who died around 990 and was — according to legend — a descendant of Welf.
     Family Members
     Spouse
          Hedwig (Heilwig) von Sachsen 775–843
     Children
          Conrad I l'Ancien the Elder unknown–876
          Emma of Bavaria of Altdorf
          Conrad de Bourgogne 800–862
          Judith of Bavaria 805–843
     BURIAL     Weingarten Abbey, Landkreis Ravensburg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
     Created by: Memerizion
     Added: 28 May 2015
     Find A Grave Memorial 147101884
     SPONSORED BY Blaine Barham.⁸
      ; Per Genealogy.EU: "Welf, a Graf in Swabia, +ca 824/5; m. Heilwig, later Abbess of Chelles"
"NOTE: This will be a genealogical account of the family known as Welf (Guelph)/d'Este. The original house of Welf descended from one Gf Welf, and ended in 1055, whereupon the heiress of the house married Azzo II d'Este, an Italian lord. From their marriage descended Dukes of Bavaria and Saxony, and the later Dukes of Braunschweig and Kings of Hanover and Great Britain. It also included one short-term tsar of Russia: Ivan VI. From Azzo's second marriage descended the family known as d'Este, which ruled Modena and Ferrara in Italy. Interestingly, when Pr Augustus, Duke of Sussex, had morganatic children in the 19th century, they took the surname of d'Este. The finaly name took on political significance during the battles between the Guelphs and the Ghibellines. Those who generally opposed the Hohenstaufen emperors were known as Guelphs, since that family usually led them, and the Hohenstaufen supporters were known as Ghibellines, from the Italian name of the Hohenstaufen castle, Waibling."¹
GAV-32 EDV-32 GKJ-32.

; Per Wikipedia:
     "Welf I (or Hwelf; died about 825) is the first documented ancestor of the Elder House of Welf. He is mentioned as a count (comes) in the Frankish lands of Bavaria.
Life
     "Welf originated from a distinguished dynasty of Franconian nobles. He is mentioned only once: on the occasion of the wedding of his daughter Judith with Emperor Louis the Pious in 819 at Aachen. His son Conrad later appeared as a dux (duke) in Alamannia and achieved a powerful position in the Upper Swabian estates he possibly had inherited from his mother Hedwig.
     "His family became politically powerful when Louis the Pious chose his oldest daughter as his 2nd wife upon the death of his consort Ermengarde of Hesbaye. Though Welf himself never became publicly prominent, his family became interwoven with the Carolingian dynasty.
Marriage and issue
     "Welf married Hedwig (Heilwig),[1] daughter of the Saxon count Isambart; Hedwig later became abbess of Chelles. The couple had the following children:
-- Judith (c.797- 843), married to Emperor Louis the Pious, Roman Empress and Frankish Queen;[1]
-- Conrad (c.800-864), Count of Auxerre,[1] ancestor of the Welf kings of Burgundy;
-- Rudolph (c.802-866),[1] Count of Ponthieu;
-- Hemma (c.803-876), Frankish Queen, married to King Louis the German,[1] son of Emperor Louis the Pious.
References
1. Riche 1993, p. Table 5.
Sources
-- Riche, Pierre (1993). The Carolingians, A Family Who Forged Europe. Translated by Allen, Michael Idomir. University of Philadelphia Press."¹⁰


; Per Genealogics:
     "Welf was the son of the 9th century Frankish count Ruthardus of Metz. He is the earliest known ruler of the Elder House of Welf, a dynasty of European rulers from the 9th to the 11th centuries until 1055. The House of Welf consisted of two groups, one Burgundian and the other Swabian, of which the older is the Burgundian group. It is disputed whether the two groups formed one dynasty or whether they shared the same name by coincidence only.
     "Welf is mentioned only once, on the occasion of the wedding of his daughter Judith with Emperor Louis 'the Pious' in 819. Welf married Eigilwich/Heilwig, duchess of Bavaria, daughter of the Saxon count Isenbart. They had a son Konrad and two daughters Judith and Emma/Hemma who would have progeny, and a son Rudolf. Konrad and Rudolf accompanied their sister to the court of her husband, Emperor Louis 'the Pious'. Welf died in 825. About 826 his widow Heilwig became Abbess of Chelles near Paris."⁵
Welf I (?) Graf in Swabia was also known as Welf (?) Graf in Bayern und Schwaben, Graf von Altdorf.⁵ Welf I (?) Graf in Swabia was also known as Guelph I (?) Count of Altdorf, Duke of Bavaria.¹¹ Welf I (?) Graf in Swabia was also known as Guelph III (I ?) (?) Graf in Bavaria and Schwaben, Graf von Altdorf.^12,3,1

Reference: Genealogics cites:

; Per Med Lands:
     "WELF [I], son of ROTHARD Graf & his wife --- (-[824/25]). Settipani names Welf [I] as son of Rothard[1754] but does not cite the primary source on which this is based. The Annalista Saxo names "de principibus Bawarorum qui fuit binomius, name et Eticho et Welfus dicebatur" who was father of Empress Judith[1755]. From the area of Metz, he moved to Bavaria. Graf in Swabia.
     "m HEILWIG, daughter of --- (-after 17 Mar 833). Thegan's Vita Hludowici Imperatoris names "filiam Hwelfi ducis sui, qui erat de nobilissima progenie Bawariorum…Iudith…ex parte matris…Eigilwi nobilissimi generic Saxonici" as second wife of Emperor Ludwig[1756]. She was installed as Abbess of Chelles, near Paris[1757]. The Translatio S. Baltechildis records that Emperor Louis I visited Chelles “ubi...abbatissa Hegilwich genetrix Iudith imperatoris” for the transfer of St Bathilde’s body “XVI Kal Apr” 833[1758]. The date of Heilwig’s installation as abbess has not been ascertained. Presumably her appointment was due to the influence of her daughter Empress Judith. If that is correct, Heilwig became abbess after her daughter’s marriage in 819. "
Med Lands Cites:

     Heilwig/Hedwig/Eigilwich (?) of Saxony was born between 778 and 780 at Bavaria (Bayern), Germany (now).^1,2,5 She married Welf I (?) Graf in Swabia, son of Ruthardus (?) Count in the Argengau.^1,6,7,3

Heilwig/Hedwig/Eigilwich (?) of Saxony died on 19 April 843 at Bavaria (Bayern), Germany (now); Med Lands says d. aft 17 Mar 833.^2,5,3
Heilwig/Hedwig/Eigilwich (?) of Saxony was buried after 19 April 843 at Weingarten Abbey, Ravensburg, Landkreis Ravensburg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany; From Find A Grave:
     BIRTH     775, Bavaria (Bayern), Germany
     DEATH     19 Apr 843 (aged 67–68), Bavaria (Bayern), Germany
     Duchess of Bavaria; Abbess of Chelles. Hedwig (c.?778 – after 833) was a Saxon noble woman, the wife of Count Welf I and mother-in-law of Emperor Louis the Pious through his marriage to Judith, her daughter.
     She was possibly born at Altdorf in the Frankish lands of Alamannia (present-day Germany). According to Bishop Thegan of Trier, she was a member of the Saxon high nobility, the daughter of Count Isambart. She had a sister Adalung des Franken, half brother Hunfrid I de Recia e de Istria, and brother Guelph, Count of Andech.
     Through her marriage to Welf she is the matriarch of the Dynastic Welf Family and is an ancestor of the Carolingian dynasty, the Kings of Italy, Russia, Brittan, the Hagenéter rulers of Piedmont and the Bavarian Welfs.
     Family Members
     Parents
          Isambart von Sachsen 750–807
          Theodrata St Quentin 774–821
     Spouse
          Welf I of Bavaria
Half Siblings
          Guerin (Warin) de Provence unknown–851
     Children
          Conrad I l'Ancien the Elder unknown–876
          Emma of Bavaria of Altdorf
          Conrad de Bourgogne 800–862
          Judith of Bavaria 805–843
     BURIAL     Weingarten Abbey, Landkreis Ravensburg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
     Created by: Memerizion
     Added: 28 May 2015
     Find A Grave Memorial 147101715
     SPONSORED BY Blaine Barham.⁸
      ; Per Med Lands:
     "WELF [I], son of ROTHARD Graf & his wife --- (-[824/25]). Settipani names Welf [I] as son of Rothard[1754] but does not cite the primary source on which this is based. The Annalista Saxo names "de principibus Bawarorum qui fuit binomius, name et Eticho et Welfus dicebatur" who was father of Empress Judith[1755]. From the area of Metz, he moved to Bavaria. Graf in Swabia.
     "m HEILWIG, daughter of --- (-after 17 Mar 833). Thegan's Vita Hludowici Imperatoris names "filiam Hwelfi ducis sui, qui erat de nobilissima progenie Bawariorum…Iudith…ex parte matris…Eigilwi nobilissimi generic Saxonici" as second wife of Emperor Ludwig[1756]. She was installed as Abbess of Chelles, near Paris[1757]. The Translatio S. Baltechildis records that Emperor Louis I visited Chelles “ubi...abbatissa Hegilwich genetrix Iudith imperatoris” for the transfer of St Bathilde’s body “XVI Kal Apr” 833[1758]. The date of Heilwig’s installation as abbess has not been ascertained. Presumably her appointment was due to the influence of her daughter Empress Judith. If that is correct, Heilwig became abbess after her daughter’s marriage in 819. "
Med Lands Cites:

Reference: Genealogics cites: Stammtafeln zur Geschichte der Europäischen Staaten, 4 volumes, Marburg, 1953, 1975., W. K. Prinz von Isenburg, Reference: I 11.¹

; Per Wikipedia:
     "Hedwig (c.?778 – 19 April 843) was a Saxon noble woman, the wife of Count Welf and mother-in-law of Emperor Louis the Pious through his marriage to Judith, her daughter.
Life
     "She was possibly born at Altdorf in the Frankish lands of Alamannia (present-day Germany). According to Bishop Thegan of Trier, she was a member of the Saxon high nobility, the daughter of Count Isambart. She had a sister, Adalung des Franken, half-brother Hunfrid I de Recia e de Istria, and a brother Guelph, Count of Andech.
     "In her later life (about 826) she appears as abbess of Chelles near Paris,[1] however, it is uncertain if she had already become a widow by then.
Family
     "Hedwig married Count Welf I and together they had the following children:
-- Judith, Roman Empress and Frankish Queen, died 843;
-- Rudolph, died 866;[2]
-- Conrad,[3] Count of Paris, ancestor of the Welf kings of Burgundy;
-- Hemma, Frankish Queen, married to Louis the German, son of Louis the Pious, died 876.
-- Mathilda d'Andech von Altdorf
     "Through her marriage to Welf she is the matriarch of the dynastic Welf Family[4] and is an ancestor of the Carolingian dynasty, the Kings of Italy, Russia, Britain, the Hagenéter rulers of Piedmont and the Bavarian Welfs.
     "Hedwig died on 19 April 843 in Bayern, Frankish Empire (present Germany) and was buried in Bayern Lande.
References
1. Pierre Riche, The Carolingians, A family who Forged Europe (translated by Michael Idomir Allen; University of Philadelphia Press, 1993), pp. 52, 149.
2. by Cesare Rivera, I Conti de' Marsi e la loro discendenze fino alla fondazione dell'Aquila, (Teramo, 1915).
3. The Annals of Fulda. (Manchester Medieval series, Ninth-Century Histories, Volume II.) Reuter, Timothy (trans.) (Manchester University Press, 1992).
4. Halliday, Sir Andrew (1826). Annals of the house of Hanover. Vol. 1. London, UK: N. Sams. OCLC 674208974. Retrieved 5 September 2014."²



; Per Med Lands:
     "m HEILWIG, daughter of --- (-after 17 Mar 833). Thegan's Vita Hludowici Imperatoris names "filiam Hwelfi ducis sui, qui erat de nobilissima progenie Bawariorum…Iudith…ex parte matris…Eigilwi nobilissimi generic Saxonici" as second wife of Emperor Ludwig[1756]. She was installed as Abbess of Chelles, near Paris[1757]. The Translatio S. Baltechildis records that Emperor Louis I visited Chelles “ubi...abbatissa Hegilwich genetrix Iudith imperatoris” for the transfer of St Bathilde’s body “XVI Kal Apr” 833[1758]. The date of Heilwig’s installation as abbess has not been ascertained. Presumably her appointment was due to the influence of her daughter Empress Judith. If that is correct, Heilwig became abbess after her daughter’s marriage in 819. "
Med Lands Cites: GAV-32 EDV-32 GKJ-33.

; Per Genealogics: "She came from Saxony and, as a widow in 826, became Abbess of Chelles near Paris."¹

She was Abbess of Chelles circa 826 at Abbaye Notre-Dame-des-Chelles, near Paris, Departement de Val-de-Marne, Île-de-France, France (now).^2,3

     AlpaisChalpaida/AlpaidaAlpaïdis (?) of Saxony was born in 654 at Herstal, Arrondissement de Liège, Wallonia, Belgium (now).⁴ She married Pepin II "le Gros/d'Herstal" (?) of Heristal, son of AnsegiselAnguiseAnchises (?) Mayor of Austrasia and Saint Begga (?) of Landen, in 688
;
His 2nd wife (bigamous)y.^6,7,8,9,3
AlpaisChalpaida/AlpaidaAlpaïdis (?) of Saxony died on 16 December 714 at Orp-Jauche, Arrondissement de Nivelles, Walloon Brabant, Belgium (now).⁴
AlpaisChalpaida/AlpaidaAlpaïdis (?) of Saxony was buried after 16 December 714 at Orp-le-Grand Monastery, Orp-Jauche, Arrondissement de Nivelles, Walloon Brabant, Belgium (now); From Find A Grave:
     BIRTH     654, Herstal, Arrondissement de Liège, Liège, Belgium
     DEATH     16 Dec 714 (aged 59–60), Orp-Jauche, Arrondissement de Nivelles, Walloon Brabant, Belgium
     Second wife of Pepin II, Concubine, of the Mayor of the Palace of Austrasia
     Family Members
     Parents
      Alberic von Aquitanien d'Austrasia
      Adèlais d'Austrasia 625–689
     Spouse
      Pepin II of Herstal 635–714
     Siblings
      Dodonis d'Austrasia
     Children
      Childébrand I de Perracy d'Autun 670–751
      Charles of the Franks 676–741
     BURIAL     Orp-le-Grand Monastery (In ruins), Orp-Jauche, Arrondissement de Nivelles, Walloon Brabant, Belgium
     Created by: Memerizion
     Added: 9 Apr 2015
     Find A Grave Memorial 144780531


NB: This Find a Grave memorial shows different parents for Alpais from the lineage more commonly agreed (c.f. Med Lands and Wikipédia (Fr.) ).^4,5,10
     ; Per Genealogy.EU (Carolin 2): “B1. Pipin II of Heristal, Maiordomus in Austrasia and Neustria and Bourgogne 680, King of Franks, *635, +Jupille nr Liege 16.12.714; m.673 Alpais N (+after 714), dau.of Childebrand N /OR Plectrudis N”.¹¹
; Per Med Lands:
     "PEPIN [II] "le Gros" or "d'Herstal", son of ANSEGISEL & his wife Begga ([645/50]-Jupille, near Liège 16 Dec 714, bur Metz, basilique de Saint-Arnoul). The Gesta Episcoporum Mettensis names "Anschisus" as father of "Pippinum"[115]. "Pippinus" declares himself "filius Ansegisili" in his charter dated 20 Feb 691, which also names "matrona mea Plectrudis"[116]. The estimated birth date attributed to Pépin [II] is consistent with the general chronology of this family, but can only be approximate. The Annales Xantenses name "Pippinus" as son of "Anchisus dux" when recording that he succeeded on the death of his father in 685[117], although this is misdated. "Pipinum secundum" is named as son of Ansegisel and Begga in the Chronicon Sancti Huberti[118]. Duke in Austrasia [676/80]: the Liber Historiæ Francorum records that, after the death of "Vulfoaldo de Auster", "Martinus et Pippinus iunior filius Anseghiselo quondam…duces" were dominant in Austrasia ("decedentibus regibus, dominabantur in Austria") and led the Austrasian army against "Theudericum regem et Ebroinum" but were defeated at "loco…Lucofao", adding that "Martinus" found refuge at Laon where he was later killed by emissaries from Ebroin while "Pippinus" escaped[119]. The passage can be dated to [676/80]. Civil war with Neustria broke out, until Pépin defeated the Neustrians at Tertry, Somme in Jun 687 before becoming maior domus of Austrasia in [688/90]. Fredegar (Continuator) records that he became maior domus of Neustria in 688 after the murder of maior domus Berchar[120]. "Pippinus filius Ansegisili quondam necnon…matrone mea Plectrudis" donated property to the church of St Arnulf at Metz by charter dated 20 Feb 691[121]. "Childebertus rex Francorum" names "Pippino maiorem domus nostro" in his charter dated 14 Mar 697[122]. Fredegar (Continuator) records that he defeated Radbod Duke of the Frisians at Duurstede in [692/97][123]. The Liber Historiæ Francorum records the death of "Pippinus" after ruling for 27 years[124]. The Chronicon Sancti Medardi Suessionensis records the death in 714 of “Pippinus senior Princeps Francorum et Dux, Præfectus Palatii et Major-domus” and the accession of “Carolus dictus Martellus in loco patris”[125]. The Annales Metenses record the death "XVII Kal Ian 714" of "Pippinus princeps"[126].
     "m firstly ([670/75]) PLECTRUDIS, daughter of HUGOBERT & his wife [Irmina ---] (-after 717, bur Köln, St Maria im Kapitol). "Pippinus" names "matrona mea Plectrudis, filia Huogoberti quondam" in his two charters dated 13 May 706[127]. The Liber Historiæ Francorum names "Pippino…uxor nobilissima…Plectrudis" but does not give her origin[128]. After the death of her husband, she "took everything under her control" according to Fredegar (Continuator)[129]. The Monumenta Epternacensia records that "Raginfredum maiorem domus" married "Plectrudem"[130], but this is not corroborated by other sources. She was regent for her grandson Theodebald, but opposed by her stepson Charles "Martel" whom she imprisoned. Charles escaped, and defeated the forces of Plectrudis at Vinchy, near Cambrai, 28 May 717. She founded St Maria im Kapitol at Köln.
     "[m] secondly (bigamously) CHALPAIS [Alpais], sister of DODO, daughter of ---. The Liber Historiæ Francorum records that Pépin had "filium ex alia uxore…Carlo" but does not name the child’s mother[131]. Fredegar (Continuator) records that Pépin married another wife ("aliam duxit uxorem") "nobilem…Chalpaida" by whom he had "filium…Carlo"[132]. Sigeberto's Vita Landiberto episcopi Traiectensis names "puellam nobilem…Alpaidem" as second wife of Pépin, specifying that she was "soror…Dodonis qui domesticus Pippini principis erat"[133]. The mid-12th century Genealogica ex Stirpe Sancti Arnulfi names "Alpade, sorore Dodonis, qui sanctum Lambertum episcopum Leodinensem martyrisavit" as second wife of Pépin[134]. Settipani does not support the theory that Alpais was the sister of Bertrada, mother of Charibert, whose daughter married Pépin King of the Franks, the hypothesis being based on King Pépin and his wife inheriting property from their respective fathers[135]. The Chronicle of St Bèze records that "Dodone comite" killed "sanctus Lambertus Tungrorum Episcopus"[136].
     "Mistress (1): ---. The name of Pépin's mistress is not known.
     "Pépin & his first wife had two children:
     "Pépin & his second [wife] had one child:
     "Pépin had [one illegitimate son by Mistress (1)]:
Med Lands cites:

; This is the same person as:
”Alpaidal” at Wikipedia and as
”Alpaïde” at Wikipédia (Fr.)^12,5

Reference: Genealogics cites: Caroli Magni Progenies Neustadt an der Aisch, 1977. , Siegfried Rosch, Reference: 52.³ GAV-34 EDV-35 GKJ-36.

     Saint Begga (?) of Landen was born in 613 at Leuven (Louvain), Arrondissement Leuven, Vlaams-Brabant, Belgium (now).^7,8 She married AnsegiselAnguiseAnchises (?) Mayor of Austrasia, son of Saint Arnulf (Arnould) (?) Bishop of Metz and Dode (Clothilde) Heristal, before 639
; Emergence of the Carolingians in Austrasia. The son of Arnulf married the daughter of Count Pepin I (of Landen, d. 640), mayor of the palace, founding the line later called Carolingian; Med Lands says m. 643/644.^{9,10,11,12,13,1,2,14,15}
Saint Begga (?) of Landen died on 17 December 693 at Andenne, Arrondissement de Namur, Namur, Belgium (now); Med Lands says d. 693, 698 or 709; Genealogics says d. 17 Dec 694/695.^8,2,1
Saint Begga (?) of Landen was buried after 17 December 693 at Saint Begga's Collegiate Church, Andenne, Arrondissement de Namur, Namur, Belgium (now); From Find A Grave:
     BIRTH     615, Leuven, Arrondissement Leuven, Flemish Brabant (Vlaams-Brabant), Belgium
     DEATH     17 Dec 693 (aged 77–78), Andenne, Arrondissement de Namur, Namur, Belgium
     Saint. Founder of the convent at Andenne, also great-great-great-grandmother of the Emperor Charlemagne. Begga was the daughter of Pepin of Landen, mayor of the palace, and St. Itta. She married Ansegilius, son of St. Arnulf of Metz, and their son was Pepin of Herstal, founder of the Carolingian dynasty of rulers in France. On the death of her husband in the year 691, she built a church and convent at Andenne on the Meuse River and died there. Her feast day is December 17th.
     Family Members
     Parents
      Pepin Of Landen
      Itta 592–652
     Spouse
      Ansegisel of Metz
     Siblings
      Childa de Landen 625 – unknown
      Gertrude of Nivelles 626–659
     Children
      Pepin II of Herstal 635–714
      Martin de Laon 647 – unknown
      Clotilda d'Herstal de Neustria 650–699
     BURIAL     Saint Begga's Collegiate Church, Andenne, Arrondissement de Namur, Namur, Belgium
     Maintained by: Find A Grave
     Added: 12 Jul 1999
     Find A Grave Memorial 5885.¹⁶
      ; Per Genealogy.EU (Carolin 2): “A2. Ansegisel, Maiordomus of Austrasia, +694; m.St.Begga, dau.of Pipin I of Landen, Maiordomus of Chlothar II of Austrasia”.¹⁷

; Per Med Lands:
     "ANSEGISEL ([612]-killed [655/65]). The Vita Sancti Arnulfi records that Arnulf and his wife had two sons but gives no further details[84]. The Gesta Episcoporum Mettensis names (in order) "duos filios Anschisum et Chlodolfum" as sons of Arnulf "iuventutis suæ tempore ex legitimi matrimonii copula" but does not name their mother[85]. A 9th century genealogy names "Flodolfum et Anschisum" as the children of "domnus Arnulfus"[86]. The Vita Chrodegangi Episcopi Mettensis names "Anchisæ" as second son of "Arnulfum sanctum"[87]. His birth date is estimated on the basis that Ansegisel was younger than his brother Chrodulf, but also born before his father’s nomination as bishop in [613]. Domesticus at the royal palace: “…necnon et domesticorum Flodulfi, Ansigisili, Bettelini, Gariberti” consented to a donation to the monastery of Stabulo and Malmédy by King Sigebert III in a charter dated to [648][88]. "Childericus rex Francorum, Emnehildis et Bilihildis…reginæ…Gundoino duce et Hodone domestico" confirmed the property of the monastery of Stablo and Malmedy on the advice of "Grimoaldo, Fulcoaldo, Adregisilo, Bobone ducibus, Chlodulfo, Ansegisilo, Gariberto domesticis" by charter dated 6 Sep 667[89]. The document is presumably misdated as explained above under Ansegisel’s brother Chlodulf. The Vita Beggæ (dated to [1080/90]) records that “Duci magno Ansegiso” adopted “Gonduinum” like his own child, but that “Gonduinus” killed “Ducem”[90]. Settipani dates Ansegisel’s death to [655/65][91]. More specifically, he suggests that Gundoen was related to Otto, who had challenged the succession of Ansegisel’s brother-in-law Grimoald as maior domus and had been killed as a result, and concludes that Ansegisel’s murder was part of a wider vendetta led by a rival family. If that is correct, according to Settipani, the death can be dated more precisely to [662], following the overthrow of King Childebert (III) who was Grimoald’s son and Ansegisel’s nephew[92].
     "m ([643/44]) BEGGA, daughter of PEPIN [I] "l'Ancien" or "de Landen", maior domus of King Clotaire II & his wife Itta --- (-[693, 698 or 709]). The Vita Beggæ (dated to [1080/90]) names “duarum filiarum...unam...Beggam, alteram...Gertrudem” as the children of “Dux Pipinus Regni Francorum” and his wife “Yduberga”[93]. Sigebert's late 11th century Chronica records in 649 that "Ansigisus filius sancti Arnulfi" had married “Begga soror Grimoaldi”[94]. Settipani highlights that other events in the same paragraph of Sigebert can be dated to [643/44], but also that Werner has dated the marriage to [630/40] (Settipani adds “sans bonne raison à notre sens”)[95]. Both estimates appear to be little more than guesswork. Sigeberto's Vita Landiberto episcopi Traiectensis names "Pippinus…principes Francorum…sanctæ Beggæ matris eius"[96]. The Vita Beggæ (dated to [1080/90]) records that Begga retired to “monasterio germanæ suæ Gertrudis”[97]. This event can be dated to [689/97] if it is correct, as reported by Ghesquière, that a biography of St Gertrude records that Begga retired to her monastery 33 years after her sister died (her death is recorded variously between [656/64])[98]. The Annales Xantenses record the death in 698 of "Sancta Begga mater Pippini ducis"[99]. The Annales Laubienses record the death in 709 of “Begga sanctæ Gertrudis germana”[100]."
Med Lands cites:

Reference: Genealogics cites:
1. Caroli Magni Progenies Neustadt an der Aisch, 1977. , Siegfried Rosch, Reference: 52.
2. A Who's Who of Your Ancestral Saints Baltimore, 2010 , Koman, Alan J. biographical notes.¹

; Per Genealogics:
     “Begga was born about 613, daughter of Major Domus Pippin 'the Elder' and his wife Itta/Iduburga. Sometime after 639 Begga married Ansegisel, a military leader of King Sigbert III of Austrasia. They had several children of whom Pippin is known to have progeny. Ansegisel was killed in a feud sometime after 675 but before 679, by his enemy Gundewind. After his death Begga went on a pilgrimage to Rome. When she returned she built seven chapels representing the seven principal churches of Rome. These chapels were at Andenne on the river Meuse in Belgium. She also built a convent there, then became a nun, joined her own convent, and became its abbess.
     “Begga died on 17 December 694/695 and is buried in Andenne at St. Begga's Collegiate Church.”.¹

; This is the same person as ”Begga” at Wikipedia and as ”Begge d'Andenne” at Wikipédia (FR).^18,19 GAV-35 EDV-36 GKJ-36.

; Per Stone (2000) Chart 50-9: "...founder and abbes of Andenne, 691."^20,7 Saint Begga (?) of Landen was also known as Begga von Hespengau.²¹

; Per Med Lands:
     "BEGGA (-[693, 698 or 709]). The Annales Xantenses name "Begga" as the second daughter of Pépin and record her marriage with "Anchisus dux egregius filius Arnulfi epicopi Mettensium"[25]. Her position in this source as junior to her sister Gertrudis may be due to the latter’s standing as a religious figure. The Vita Beggæ (dated to [1080/90]) names “duarum filiarum...unam...Beggam, alteram...Gertrudem” as the children of “Dux Pipinus Regni Francorum” and his wife “Yduberga”[26]. Sigebert's late 11th century Chronica records in 649 that "Ansigisus filius sancti Arnulfi" had married “Begga soror Grimoaldi”[27]. Settipani highlights that other events in the same paragraph of Sigebert can be dated to [643/44], but also that Werner has dated the marriage to [630/40] (Settipani adds “sans bonne raison à notre sens”)[28]. Both estimates appear to be little more than guesswork. Sigeberto's Vita Landiberto episcopi Traiectensis names "Pippinus…principes Francorum…sanctæ Beggæ matris eius"[29]. The Vita Beggæ (dated to [1080/90]) records that Begga retired to “monasterio germanæ suæ Gertrudis”[30]. This event can be dated to [689/97] if it is correct, as reported by Ghesquière, that a biography of St Gertrude records that Begga retired to her monastery 33 years after her sister died (her death is recorded variously between [656/64])[31]. The Annales Xantenses record the death in 698 of "Sancta Begga mater Pippini ducis"[32]. The Annales Laubienses record the death in 709 of “Begga sanctæ Gertrudis germana”[33].
     "m ([643/44]) ANSEGISEL, son of ARNOUL Bishop of Metz & his wife [Doda] (-killed [655/65])."
Med Lands cites:

     Pepin I "the Elder" (?) of Landen, Major Domus of the palace of Austrasia married Itta/Iduburga/Ittaberga (?), daughter of Arnoldus (?) Bishop of Metz.^4,5,6,7,8
Pepin I "the Elder" (?) of Landen, Major Domus of the palace of Austrasia was born circa 585 at Belarus (now).⁶
Pepin I "the Elder" (?) of Landen, Major Domus of the palace of Austrasia died in 640 at Walloon Brabant, Belgium (now).^6,2
Pepin I "the Elder" (?) of Landen, Major Domus of the palace of Austrasia was buried in 640 at Saint Gertrudes Collegiate Church, Nivelles, Arrondissement de Nivelles, Walloon Brabant, Belgium (now); From Find A Grave:
     BIRTH     unknown, Belgium
     DEATH     unknown, Walloon Brabant, Belgium
     Belgian nobility. Blessed Pepin I of Landen was born about 580, and passed away in 640. He was mayor of the palace of Austrasia under the Merovingian king Dagobert I from 623 to 629. He was mayor for Sigebert III from 639 until his own death. Some referred to him as Pepin the Elder, or Pepin the Old. From his marriage to Itta (Ida) of Metz (later canonized) was born daughter Begga of Andenne (also later canonized). Saint Begga's marriage to Ansegisel, a son of Saint Arnulf the bishop of Metz, united the clans of the Pippinids and the Arnulfings, giving rise to a family that would eventually rule the Franks as the Carolingians. Pepin and Itta's son Grimoald became mayor of the palace, and father of King Childebert the Adopted. Their second son Bavo (or Allowin), became a hermit and was later canonized. After Blessed Pepin I passed away, his widow founded the Benedictine abbey at Nivelles. Their daughter Gertrude of Nivelles (later canonized) became abbess. (The Saint Gertrude Collegiate Church was built upon the ruins of the abbey, in whose crypt Blessed Pepin I, his wife Saint Itta of Metz and their daughter Saint Gertrude of Nivelles were buried. Their relics are now in the crypt of the present church.) Blessed Pepin I was praised by many of his contemporaries for his good government and wise counsel, and for being a lover of peace and the constant defender of truth and justice. While never canonized, he is listed as a saint in some old martyrologies. His Feast Day is February 21.
     Family Members
     Spouse
      Itta 592–652
     Children
      Begga 615–693
      Childa de Landen 625 – unknown
      Gertrude of Nivelles 626–659
     BURIAL     Saint Gertrudes Collegiate Church, Nivelles, Arrondissement de Nivelles, Walloon Brabant, Belgium
     Created by: Cherie J.
     Added: 8 Jan 2014
     Find A Grave Memorial 122979474.²
     GAV-36 EDV-37 GKJ-37.

; Per Genealogics:
     “Pippin 'the Elder' was born about 585. His father is named Carloman by the _Chronicle of Fredegar,_ the chief source for his life. His byname 'of Landen' comes from his probable birthplace, Landen in modern Belgium. He is sometimes called Pepin I and his other epithets ('the Elder' and 'the Old') come from his position as the head of the family called the Pippinids after him.
     “Pippin married Itta/Iduburga, daughter of Arnoldus, bishop of Metz. They had two daughters and two sons, of whom Begga would have progeny, marrying Ansegisel, son of Pippin's lifelong friend Arnulf, bishop of Metz. Through this marriage, the clans of the Pippinids and the Arnulfings were united, giving rise to a family which would eventually rule the Franks as the Carolingians.
     “In 613 several leading magnates of Austrasia and Burgundy abandoned Brunichilde, the great-grandmother and regent of their king Sigebert II, the bastard son of Theuderic II, who was the second son of Brunichilde's son Childebert II, and turned to Chlotar II of Neustria for support, promising not to rise in defence of the queen-regent and recognising Chlotar as rightful regent and guardian of the young king. Chief among these leading men were Warnachar II, Rado, Arnulf of Metz, and Peppin. The latter two, who were described by Fredegar as the 'two most powerful barons of Austrasia'. reached an agreement with Chlotar at Andernach. However, while Rado was confirmed as mayor (major domo) in Austrasia and Warnachar in Burgundy, Pippin did not receive his reward until 623, when he was appointed mayor in Austrasia after Chlotar made his young son Dagobert king there. Arnulf was appointed adviser to the new king alongside him.
     “Pippin was praised by his contemporaries for his good government and wise council. Though some enemies tried to turn the king against him, their plots were foiled and Pippin remained on good terms with the king until 629 when, for reasons unknown, he retired (or was retired) to his estates, where he remained for the next decade, until Dagobert's death in 639.
     “Pippin then came out of retirement to take on the mayoralty of Austrasia for the heir Sigebert III and to oversee the distribution of the treasury between Sigebert and his brother Clovis II, and Sigebert's step-mother Nantilda, who was ruling on Clovis' behalf in Neustria and Burgundy. Sigebert's share of the inheritance was amicably surrendered, partly because of the friendship between Pippin and Aega, the Burgundian mayor of the palace. Pippin and Cunibert, bishop of Cologne, Arnulf's successor as chief counsellor to the king, received the treasure at Compiègne and brought it back to Metz. Not long after, both Pippin and Aega died in 640. Pippin was so popular in Austrasia that, though he was never canonised, he was listed as a saint in some martyrologies. Pippin's widow Itta/Iduburga founded a convent at Nivelles.”.³

Reference: Genealogics cites: He was Maiordomus of Chlothar II of Austrasia.^1,9

; This is the same person as:
”Pepin of Landen” at Wikipedia and as
”Pépin de Landen” at Wikipédia (Fr.)^10,11

; Per Med Lands:
     "PEPIN [I] "le Vieux" or "de Landen", son of --- (-[640]). Adviser of King Dagobert I 622. He was banished to Orléans in 629. He was appointed maior domus in Austrasia in 639; according to Fredegar he was loved by the Austrasians "for his concern for justice and his goodness"[17]. The Liber Historiæ Francorum names "Pippino duce" as united with "Sighiberto" in governing the kingdom and having been retained by his younger brother "Chlodovecho"[18]. According to Fredegar, Pépin died about a year after King Dagobert[19]. The Annales Xantenses record the death in 647 of "Pippinus filius Karlomanni, maior domus Lotharii"[20].
     "m ITTA [Ittaberga], daughter of --- (592-652). The Annales Metenses name "matertera ipsius [Pippini]…virgo Domino consecrate Geretrudis" and record that she founded the monastery "in loco…Nivella cum genitrice sua Itaberga"[21]. The Annales Xantenses record that "Itta relicta Pippini" founded the abbey of Nivelles in 650[22]. The Vita Beggæ (dated to [1080/90]) names “duarum filiarum...unam...Beggam, alteram...Gertrudem” as the children of “Dux Pipinus Regni Francorum” and his wife “Yduberga”[23]. The Annales Xantenses record the death in 657 of "Beata Itta mater sancte Gerthrudis"[24].
     "Pépin [I] & his wife had three children:
Med Lands cites:

     Itta/Iduburga/Ittaberga (?) married Pepin I "the Elder" (?) of Landen, Major Domus of the palace of Austrasia, son of Carloman (?).^4,5,6,1,7
Itta/Iduburga/Ittaberga (?) was born in 592 at France (now).^7,2
Itta/Iduburga/Ittaberga (?) died in 652.^4,7,2
Itta/Iduburga/Ittaberga (?) was buried in 652 at Saint Gertrudes Collegiate Church, Nivelles, Arrondissement de Nivelles, Walloon Brabant, Belgium; From Find A Grave:
     BIRTH     592, France
     DEATH     652 (aged 59–60)
     Saint. She was the wife of Pepin the First and mother of Saint Gertrude. After her spouse died she retired to her daughter's convent as a nun. She died around 652 AD and her Feast Day is May 8th. Bio by: girlofcelje
     Family Members
     Spouse
      Pepin Of Landen
Children
      Begga 615–693
      Childa de Landen 625 – unknown
      Gertrude of Nivelles 626–659
     BURIAL     Saint Gertrudes Collegiate Church, Nivelles, Arrondissement de Nivelles, Walloon Brabant, Belgium
     Maintained by: Find A Grave
     Originally Created by: girlofcelje
     Added: 13 Feb 2004
     Find A Grave Memorial 8384096.⁷
      ; Per Med Lands:
     "PEPIN [I] "le Vieux" or "de Landen", son of --- (-[640]). Adviser of King Dagobert I 622. He was banished to Orléans in 629. He was appointed maior domus in Austrasia in 639; according to Fredegar he was loved by the Austrasians "for his concern for justice and his goodness"[17]. The Liber Historiæ Francorum names "Pippino duce" as united with "Sighiberto" in governing the kingdom and having been retained by his younger brother "Chlodovecho"[18]. According to Fredegar, Pépin died about a year after King Dagobert[19]. The Annales Xantenses record the death in 647 of "Pippinus filius Karlomanni, maior domus Lotharii"[20].
     "m ITTA [Ittaberga], daughter of --- (592-652). The Annales Metenses name "matertera ipsius [Pippini]…virgo Domino consecrate Geretrudis" and record that she founded the monastery "in loco…Nivella cum genitrice sua Itaberga"[21]. The Annales Xantenses record that "Itta relicta Pippini" founded the abbey of Nivelles in 650[22]. The Vita Beggæ (dated to [1080/90]) names “duarum filiarum...unam...Beggam, alteram...Gertrudem” as the children of “Dux Pipinus Regni Francorum” and his wife “Yduberga”[23]. The Annales Xantenses record the death in 657 of "Beata Itta mater sancte Gerthrudis"[24].
     "Pépin [I] & his wife had three children:
Med Lands cites: GAV-36 EDV-37 GKJ-37.

Reference: Genealogics cites: Caroli Magni Progenies Neustadt an der Aisch, 1977. , Siegfried Rosch, Reference: 52.⁸ Itta/Iduburga/Ittaberga (?) was also known as Saint Itta de Nevelles.⁷

; founded the convent at Nivelles.¹

     Carloman (?) died in 615.¹
     GAV-37 EDV-38 GKJ-38.

     Hado (?) de Vintzgau married Gerniu (?) de Suevie/Souabe.¹

     GAV-33.

     Eadgifu/Edgiva/Ogive (?) of Wessex was born in 896; Genealogy.EU (Cerdic 1 page) says b. ca 905; Genealogics says b. 896; Med Lands says b. 902/05.^2,6,9 She married Charles III "The Simple" (?) King of West Franks, Holy Roman Emperor, son of Louis II 'le Bègue/The Stammerer' (?) King of Neustria and the West Franks and Adélaïde/Adelais (?) of Paris, circa 917
;
Her 1st husband; his 2nd wife
Genealogics m. 917; Genealogy.EU (Cerdic 1 page) says m. 918/919; Weis [AR7, 148-17] says m. ca 918; Med Lands says m. 917/919.^{12,13,14,6,9,15,16} Eadgifu/Edgiva/Ogive (?) of Wessex married Heribert III "le Vieux" (?) de Vermandois, Comte de Meaux, Count Palatine of Troyes, son of Heribert II (?) Cte de Vermandois et de Troyes and Adela/Hildebrante/Liegarde (?) of Neustria, Princess of France, in 951 at St. Quentin, France (now),
;
Her 2nd husband.^{17,3,2,18,6,14,19}
Eadgifu/Edgiva/Ogive (?) of Wessex died after 951; Genealogy.EU (Cerdic 1 page) says d. 953; Genealogics says d. aft 951; Med Lands says d. 26 Sepy aft 951.^12,2,18,6,9
Eadgifu/Edgiva/Ogive (?) of Wessex was buried after 951 at Abbey of Saint-Médard de Soissons, Soissons, Departement de l'Aisne, Picardie, France; From Find A Grave:
     BIRTH     unknown, England
     DEATH     26 Dec, France
     British Royalty. Born around 902 as the daughter of Edward I the Elder and his wife Aelflaed. She was married to Charles III of the Franks in 917 and bore him one son, Louis. After his death, she sent her son to England where he lived at her half-brother's court. After the death of King Rudolf of Burgundy, Louis could return and be proclaimed king. She was given the position of abbess at the Abbey Notre Dame in Laon in 937. In 951 left Laon and married Heribert d'Omois Count of Meaux and Troyes, a son of Heribert II of Vermandois and Adele de France. She died on a 26 December after 951. Jean Mabillon described her weathered gravestone in the mid-17th century. Bio by: Lutetia
     Family Members
     Parents
      Edward the Elder 874–924
      Ælfflæd of Wiltshire
     Spouses
      Charles III Carolingian 879–929
      Heribert III de Vermandois
     Siblings
      Aethelstan 895–939
      Aelfweard of Wessex 904–924
      Edith of Wessex 910–946
      Eadred 923–955
     Half Siblings
      Edburga Of Winchester
      Eadmund I the Elder 921–946
     Children
      Louis IV 920–954
     BURIAL     Abbey of Saint-Médard de Soissons (Defunct), Soissons, Departement de l'Aisne, Picardie, France
     Maintained by: Find A Grave
     Originally Created by: Lutetia
     Added: 21 Jan 2012
     Find A Grave Memorial 83787553.²⁰
     ; Per Genealogy.EU (Carolin 1): “D5. [2m.] Charles III "the Simplex", King of West Franks (893-923), Emperor (898-929), *17.9.879, +Peronne 7.10.929; 1m: 907 Frederuna (+916/917); 2m: 918/919 Eadgifu of England (*896/902/904, +951/955)”.³
; Per Med Lands:
     "CHARLES, son of LOUIS II "le Bègue" King of the West Franks & his second wife Adelais (posthumously 17 Sep 879-Péronne 7 Oct 929, bur Péronne, monastère de Saint-Fursy). The Genealogica Arnulfi Comitis names (in order) "Karolum quoque postumum et Irmintrudim" as children of "Hlodovicus rex…ex Adelheidi regina"[328]. His parentage is also given in the Annalista Saxo[329]. Regino specifies that he was born posthumously[330]. On the death of King Louis II, Emperor Charles III "le Gros" was elected King of the West Franks, and on the latter's death in 888, Eudes [Capet] was elected king. Louis II's son, Charles, sought refuge with Ramnulf II Comte de Poitou[331]. Regino names "Folcone episcopo, Heriberto et Pippino comitibus in Remorum civitate" when recording that they supported the accession of Charles as king in 892 in opposition to King Eudes[332]. Supported by Foucher Archbishop of Reims, he was crowned 28 Jan 893 at Reims as CHARLES III "le Simple" King of the West Franks, as anti-king to Eudes, who later agreed to appoint him as his successor and whom he succeeded from 1 Jan 898. The early years of his reign appear to have been dominated by Viking raids in the north which led to the treaty with Rollo in 911 and the grant of territory in the future duchy of Normandy. He was chosen as CHARLES King of Lotharingia 1 Nov 911, in succession to Ludwig IV "das Kind" King of the East Franks and Lotharingia, representing a significant extension of the royal domain. He used the title "King of the Franks/rex francorum", and later "King of France/rex franciæ". He captured Alsace early in 912, and fought the army of Konrad I King of Germany three times in Lotharingia[333]. From [920], he fell under the influence of Haganon, a Lotharingian described in a charter of 921 as his cousin on his mother's side[334]. This triggered the revolt of Robert Marquis en Neustrie [Capet] and other nobles during which King Charles was obliged to seek refuge with Hérivé Archbishop of Reims. Although the king was restored after seven months, tension continued and Charles's award of the monastery of Chelles to Haganon in 922 triggered another revolt which led to the king's deposition 30 Jun 922 in favour of Robert, who was elected as Robert I King of France. Ex-king Charles fled to Lotharingia. All these events are recorded by Flodoard[335]. He returned, but was defeated at Soissons 15 Jun 923, although King Robert was killed in the battle: Flodoard records in 923 that "Karolus cum suis Lothariensibus" crossed “Mosam...ad Atiniacum...et...super Axonam” where he lost the battle near Soissons in which “Rotbertus...rex” was killed[336]. Raoul de Bourgogne was elected king of France 13 Jul 923. Ex-king Charles was tricked into capture by Héribert II Comte de Vermandois and imprisoned at Château-Thierry: Flodoard records in 923 that "Heribertus comes" sent “Bernardum consobrinum suum” with a delegation “ad Karolum” who was “in castello suo super Somnam apud Sanctum Quintinum”, and who was detained “in...munitionem suam...Castellum Theoderici super Maternam fluvium”[337]. He was transferred in 924 to the château de Péronne, where he remained captive for the rest of his life[338]. He was briefly declared king once more in 927 by Comte Héribert during the latter's unsuccessful attempt to capture Laon[339]. According to Thietmar of Merseburg, Heinrich I King of Germany secured his release from prison and in return was rewarded with "the right hand of St Denis and the entire kingdom of the Lotharingians"[340].
     "m firstly ([1/18] Apr 907) FREDERUNA, sister of BOVO [II] Bishop of Châlons, daughter of --- (-10 Feb 917, bur Reims, église abbatiale de Saint-Rémi). The charter of "Karolus…rex" dated "907 XIII Kal Mai" refers to "quondam nobili prosapia puellam…Frederunam" who had recently become his wife[341]. The charter of "Karolus…rex" dated "917 VII Kal Aug" refers to "nostra uxor Frideruna…frater eius Bovo Catalannensis Antistes Ecclesiæ"[342]. Nothing definite is known about the origins of Bovo, although Flodoard refers to "Berengario Transrhenensi clerico" as "nepoti Bovonis Catalaunensis quondam episcopi" when recording his appointment as Bishop of Cambrai in 956[343]. McKitterick assumes that Frederuna was of Lotharingian origin[344]. Settipani speculates that Queen Frederuna was probably a close relation of Mathilde, second wife of Heinrich I King of Germany[345]. This could be explained if Mathilde's mother, Reginlind, was Queen Frederuna's sister, as hypothesised in the document REIMS. The charter of "Karolus…rex" dated "918 IV Id Feb" refers to the death of "nostræ…coniugis Friderunæ"[346], and the charter dated "918 II Id Mar" that she had died "IV Id Feb"[347]. The necrology of Reims Saint-Rémi records the death "IV Id Feb" of "Frederuna regina"[348].
     "m secondly ([917/19]) as her first husband, EADGIFU, daughter of EDWARD I "the Elder" King of England & his second wife Ælfleda ([902/05]-after 951, bur église Saint-Médard de Soissons). The Genealogica Arnulfi Comitis names "Otgiva" wife of "Karolus rex" after the death of "Frederuna regina"[349]. She fled with her two-year-old son to England in 923 after her husband was deposed, returning to France in 936 after the death of King Raoul. Abbess of Notre-Dame de Laon, this was taken from her 951 by her son on her second marriage. She married secondly (951) Héribert [III] Comte "le Vieux" [de Vermandois] (-980/84). Flodoard records in 951 that “Ottogeba regina mater Ludowici regis” married “Heriberti...Adalberti fratris” and that “rex Ludowicus iratus” confiscated “abbatiam sanctæ Mariæ...Lauduni” from her and donated it to “Gerbergæ uxori suæ”[350].
     "Mistresses: ---. The names of King Charles III's mistresses are not known. "
Med Lands cites:
; Per Genealogy.EU (Carolin 1): “D5. [2m.] Charles III "the Simplex", King of West Franks (893-923), Emperor (898-929), *17.9.879, +Peronne 7.10.929; 1m: 907 Frederuna (+916/917); 2m: 918/919 Eadgifu of England (*896/902/904, +951/955)”.²¹

Reference: Genealogics cites:

; Per Genealogics:
     "Eadgifu was the daughter of Edward I 'the Elder', king of England, and Elfleda. Between 916 and 919 she became the second wife of Charles III 'the Simple', king of France, who in 922 was imprisoned by Heribert II de Vermandois. To protect the safety of her son Louis, Eadgifu took him to England in 923 to the court of her half-brother Athelstan, king of England. Louis became known as Louis d'Outremer because he was raised in England. He stayed there until 936, when he was called back to France to be crowned king. Eadgifu accompanied him. From then she lived in the Abbey of Notre Dame in Laon until, in 951, she married Heribert de Vermandois, Count of Meaux, son of her first husband's captor. After her death, Heribert became Abbot of St. Médard in Soissons."⁶

; This is the same person as:
”Eadgifu of Wessex” at Wikipedia and as
”Edwige de Wessex” at Wikipédia (FR.)^22,23

; According to The Henry Project: "Eadgifu (Ottogeba), d. after 951;
m. (1) Charles III "the Simple", b. (posthumously) 17 September 879, d. 7 October 929, king of France 898-922;
m. (2) 951, Heribert "vetulus" ("the old"), d. 980×4, abbot of Saint-Médard de Soissons; count of Omois;
[Flodoard, Annales, s.a. 926, 36 (see below under Eadhild); "Siquidem Eadgyfu nominata est Eadwerdi filia, filii Ælfredi supra scripti regis, quæ et abmatertera tua ipsa in matrimonium Galliarum ad partes minori Karulo mittitur regi." Æthelweard, Prologue, 2; Wm. Malmes., Gesta Regum, c. 112 (1: 116), c. 126 (1: 136-7); John Worc., s.a. 901 (1: 117); 1: 274] Eadgifu was still living in 951, when she was remarried to count Heribert (son of Heribert II of Vermandois) ["Ottogeba regina, mater Ludowici regis, egressa Lauduno, conducentibus se quibusdam tam Herberti quam Adalberti, fratris ipsius, hominibus, ad Heribertum proficiscitur; qui suscipiens eam, ducit in conjugem." Flodoard, Annales, s.a. 951, 132]."
Bibliography
-- Æthelweard = A. Campbell ed., Chronicon Æthelweardi/The Chronicle of Æthelweard, (New York, 1962).
-- John Worc. = Benjamin Thorpe, ed., Florentii Wigorniensis monachi chronicon ex chronicis, 2 vols., (London, 1848-9). (The work formerly attributed to Florence of Worcester is now generally attributed to
-- Wm. Malmes., Gesta Regum = William Stubbs, ed., Willelmi Malmesbiriensis Monachi De gestis regum Anglorum. libri quinque; Historiæ Novellæ libri tres, 2 vols. (Rolls series 90, 1887-9).⁵ GAV-29 EDV-29 GKJ-30.

; Per Genealogy.EU (Cerdic 1): “E9. [2m.] Edgiva (Eadgifu, Ogive), *ca 905, +953; 1m: 918/919 King Charles III of France (*17.9.879, +Peronne 7.10.929); 2m: St.Quentin, France 951 Cte Heribert de Meaux and Troyes (*ca 910, +980/4)”.²⁴

; Per Med Lands:
     "EADGIFU ([902/05]-26 Sep after 951, bur Abbaye de Saint-Médard de Soissons). William of Malmesbury names (in order) "Edfleda, Edgiva, Ethelhilda, Ethilda, Edgitha, Elfgiva" as the six daughters of King Eadweard & his wife "Elfleda", specifying that Edgiva married "king Charles"[1663]. The Book of Hyde names "Edgivam" as second of the six daughters of King Eadweard by his first wife "Elfelmi comitis filia Elfleda", specifying that she married "Karolo regi Francorum filio Lodowyci"[1664]. Her birth date range is estimated from the birth of Eadgifu's son in [920/21]. If this is correct, Eadgifu must have been one of King Edward's oldest children by his second marriage. She fled with her two-year-old son to England in 923 after her first husband was deposed. She returned to France in 936. Abbess of Notre Dame de Laon, until 951. Flodoard records in 951 that “Ottogeba regina mater Ludowici regis” married “Heriberti...Adalberti fratris” and that “rex Ludowicus iratus” confiscated “abbatiam sanctæ Mariæ...Lauduni” from her and donated it to “Gerbergæ uxori suæ”[1665].
     "m firstly ([917/19]) as his second wife, CHARLES III "le Simple" King of the Franks, son of LOUIS II "le Bègue" King of the West Franks & his second wife Adélaïde [d'Angoulême] (posthumously 17 Sep 879-Péronne 7 Oct 929, bur Péronne St Fursy).
     "m secondly (951) HERIBERT [III] Comte "le Vieux" [de Vermandois], son of HERIBERT [II] Comte de Vermandois & his wife Adela [Capet] ([910/15]-[980/984]). He succeeded his brother Robert in 967 as Comte de Meaux et de Troyes."
Med Lands cites:

; Per Med Lands:
     "HERIBERT [III] "le Vieux" ([910/26]-[983/early 985], bur Lagny). Flodoard names "Heriberti Adalberti fratris" when recording his marriage, and in a later passage "nepotes Hugonis, Heribertus et Rotbertus"[218]. His date of birth has been estimated at [910/15] by Werner[219], whereas Settipani supports a later estimate of [925/26][220]. The former appears more consistent with Héribert's participation in his father's war from 938. If the latter is correct, comte Héribert would have been more than 20 years younger than his wife, which seems unlikely. There appears to be no basis for deciding between one or the other. He is documented with his father between 938 and 942 in the latter's war against King Louis IV, submitting to the king with his father in 942. Under the division of territories organised after his father's death in 943, Héribert became Comte d'Omois and received the fortress of Château-Thierry as well as the abbey of Saint-Médard, Soissons. King Lothaire appointed him comte du palais (comte palatin). He succeeded his brother Robert in 967 as Comte de Meaux et de Troyes. His proposed death date range in [983/early 985] is estimated on the following basis. A letter of Gerbert dated 983 records that "Heriberti Trecassini et Oddonis comitis filii Tedbaldi" were enemies of "Adelbero Remonis archiepiscopus"[221]. However, a letter dated to Apr 985 names "Ottonis et Heriberti", while a letter dated to mid-985 records that "Ottonem, Heribertum" made peace with the archbishop[222]. Another letter of Gerbert dated to [late 986/early 987] records that "O et Heribertus comites" were part of the council of Emma Queen of France[223]. It is assumed that "Oddonis/Ottonem/O" all refer to the same person. However, it is suggested that only the first letter applies to Héribert [III], the change to Héribert [V] (nephew and successor of Héribert [III], son of the latter's brother Robert) being indicated in the subsequent letters by "Heribertum" being named after "Ottonem" instead of before, which suggests that he was the junior of the two from Apr 985. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines records the burial of "comes Trecensis Heribertus II cognomento Vetulus" in "abbatiam Latiniaci"[224].
     "m (951) as her second husband, EADGIFU, widow of CHARLES III "le Simple" King of the Franks, daughter of EDWARD I King of Wessex & his second wife Ælfleda --- ([902/05][225]-26 Sep after 951, bur Abbaye de Saint-Médard de Soissons). Flodoard records in 951 that “Ottogeba regina mater Ludowici regis” married “Heriberti...Adalberti fratris” and that “rex Ludowicus iratus” confiscated “abbatiam sanctæ Mariæ...Lauduni” from her and donated it to “Gerbergæ uxori suæ”[226]."
Med Lands cites:

; Per Genealogy.EU (Carolin 1): “F3. Cte Herbert "the Elder" de Meaux et de Troyes, *910/911, +980/4; ?(m.St.Quentin 951 Edgiva of England (+953))”.²¹

     Aethelred Mucil/Mucel (?) Ealdorman of the Gaini married Eadburh (?)^2,1

     GAV-32 EDV-32 GKJ-31.

; According to The Henry Project: "Conjectured father (uncertain): Mucel, fl. 814-848, dux.
     "As noted above, the period 836-848 in which two duces Mucel appear in Mercian charters is most easily explained as the period of overlap between an elder and a younger Mucel. Stevenson suggested that the two Mucels were probably father and son and that the latter may have been Æthelred Mucill [Stevenson, notes to Asser, 230; see also Keynes & Lapidge (1983), 240-1, n. 57]. There is no certainty that either of these identifications is correct [see Smyth (1995), 24-8]. One of the two Mucels appears to have been the son of a certain Esne. In a 836 charter of king Wiglaf of Mercia, witnessed by two duces named Mucoel, an ealdorman named Mucel Esning (Mucel son of Esne) was granted ten hides of land at Crowle, co. Worcester ["... end Mucele Esninge ðaet ten hida lond aet Crogleage ..." (Translation: "... and to Mukel Esning the ten hides of land at Crowle ..."); "... & Mucele aldormenn ten hida lond æt Crogleage." (Translation: "... and to Mukel aldorman ten hides of land at Crowle."), Cart. Sax. 1: 583 (#416); Thorpe, 90 (translation)]. Since it is unlikely that there were three ealdormen (duces) named Mucel at that time, Mucel son of Esne was probably one of the men of that name who witnessed the charter. If the son of Esne was the elder of the two Mucels, then the father may have been the same person as the dux/comes Esne who is found witnessing Mercian charters in the period 770 to 810 [Onom. Anglo-Sax., 236].
Conjectured father (uncertain): Esne.
     "This conjecture is based on the identification of the above Mucel son of Esne with Æthelred Mucil. If this uncertain identification is correct, then for chronological reasons the father Esme would probably be different from the Mercian witness of 770-810."
Bibliography
** Cart. Sax. = Walter de Gray Birch, ed., Cartularium Saxonicum, 4 vols. (1885-99).
** Keynes & Lapidge (1983) = Simon Keynes & Michael Lapidge, Alfred the Great: Asser's Life of King Alfred and other contemporary sources (Harmondsworth, 1983).
** Onom. Anglo-Sax. = William George Searle, Onomasticon Anglo-Saxonicum (Cambridge, 1897).
** Smyth (1995) = Alfred P. Smyth, King Alfred the Great (Oxford, 1995).
** Thorpe (1865) = Benjamin Thorpe, ed., Diplomatarium Anglicum Ævi Saxonici (London, 1865).“.¹

; This is the same person as ”Æthelred Mucil/Mucel” at The Henry Project.¹ Aethelred Mucil/Mucel (?) Ealdorman of the Gaini was living between 836 and 848.³

     Ecgberht (?) King of Wessex was born in 775; Genealogy.EU (Cerdic 1 page) says b. ca 769/80; Genealopgics says d. 770/775; Genealogics says b. 769/80.^6,7,2,5,1 He married Redburga (Raedburh) (?), daughter of unknown (?), between 789 and 792.^7,2,5,1,8

Ecgberht (?) King of Wessex died after 19 November 839 at Wessex, England; Genealogy.EU (Cerdic 1 page) says d. 4 Feb 839 or June 839; Med Lands says "4 Feb or [Jun] 839."^6,2,1
Ecgberht (?) King of Wessex was buried in 839 at Winchester Cathedral, Winchester, City of Winchester, co. Hampshire, England; From Find A Grave:
     BIRTH     755
     DEATH     839 (aged 83–84)
     King of Wessex. Born the son of Ealhmund, Sub-king of Kent. He was expelled from England in 789 by Offa, King of Mercia, and Beohtric, King of Wessex who dominated Kent. He fled to Charlemagne's court, where he married Redburh with whom he had at least three children. He returned to England in 802 upon the death of Beohtric, taking the throne of Wessex. In 825 he ended Mercia's supremecy with the defeat of King Beornwulf at the Battle of Ellandun. Later he defeated King Wiglaf of Mercia driving him into temporary exile, and becoming King of Mercia in 829. He lost Mercia again a year later but retained control of Kent, Sussex, and Surrey. He then achieved the subjugation of King Dore of Northumbria and was called "Rular of Britain" though he was only accepted as such south of the Humber River. He won an overwhleming victory over the Norsemen and Cornish at Hingston Down in 836. Upon his death three years later, his will left land only to sons, apparently so that family wealth would not be lost to the royal house through marriage, solidifying his line's claims to power. He is considered to have paved the way for national unification which was achieved in the 10th century. During the English civil war, Parliamentarian soldiers violated his grave and smashed the windows of the cathedral with the bones from the royal graves. With the restoration of the monarchy, all the scattered bones were gathered up and placed in the present mortuary chests. His name has also been recorded as Ecgbeorht and Egberht. Bio by: Iola
     Family Members
     Parents
          Ealhmund Of Kent
          Alburga of Kent 749–803
     Siblings
          alburga wessex 763–810
          egbert wessex 769–838
     Children
          Ethelwulf 806–858
     BURIAL     Winchester Cathedral, Winchester, City of Winchester, Hampshire, England
     Maintained by: Find a Grave
     Added: 4 Mar 2000
     Find a Grave Memorial 8719.^2,9
      ; This is the same person as ”Ecgberht, King of Wessex” at Wikipedia.¹⁰

Reference: Genealogics cites:
     1. Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag, Marburg, Schwennicke, Detlev (Ed.) 2:78.
2. Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists who came to America bef.1700, 7th Edition, 1992, Weis, Frederick Lewis. 2.⁵

; Per Genealogics:
     “Egbert was the son of Ealhmund, king in Kent. In the 780s he was forced into exile by Offa of Mercia and Beorhtric of Wessex, and sought refuge at the Frankish court. There he met and married Raedburh (also known as Redburga), who may have been a niece of Charlemagne. On Beorhtric's death in 802 Egbert returned and took the throne. He and Redburga had a son Aethelwulf who would succeed him and have progeny.
     “Little is known of the first twenty years of Egbert's reign, but it is thought that he was able to maintain Wessex's independence against the kingdom of Mercia, which at that time dominated the other southern English kingdoms. In 825 Egbert defeated Beornwulf of Mercia at the battle of Ellendun, and proceeded to take control of the Mercian dependencies in south-eastern England. In 829 Egbert defeated Wiglaf of Mercia and drove him out of his kingdom, temporarily ruling Mercia directly. Later that year Egbert received the submission of the Northumbrian king at Dore, near Sheffield. The _Anglo-Saxon Chronicle_ subsequently described Egbert as a 'Bretwalda', or 'Ruler of Britain'.
     “Egbert was unable to maintain this dominant position, and within a year Wiglaf regained the throne of Mercia. However, Wessex did retain control of Kent, Sussex and Surrey; these territories were given to Egbert's son Aethelwulf to rule as a sub-king under Egbert. When Egbert died in 839, probably in his 60s, Aethelwulf succeeded him; the south-eastern kingdoms were finally absorbed into the kingdom of Wessex after Aethelwulf's death in 959.”.⁵

; Per Weis [1992:2] Line 1-13: "Egbert b 775, d aft 19 Nov 838, son of Eahlmund, King of Kent. Egbert was King of Wessex, 802-827, and was the first king of all England, 827-836; m. Raedburh. The male line of kings descend from him to Edward the Confessor and the female line to the present time."


Per Stone [2000] chart 10-12: "As a young man he was in exile at the court of Charlemagne. Beginning in 825 his military successes almost doubled the size of the West Saxon Kingdom, adding Kent, Surrey, Sussex, Essex, and (for a time) Mercia. He also fought against the Danes a number of times."^11,12,13 GAV-33 EDV-33 GKJ-32. Ecgberht (?) King of Wessex was also known as Egbert (?) King of Wessex.^7,2

; Per Med Lands:
     "ECGBERHT, son of EALHMUND Under-King of Kent & his wife --- ([769/80]-4 Feb or [Jun] 839, bur Winchester Cathedral). The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records that "Egbert succeeded to the kingdom of Wessex" after the death of Beorhtric in 802, in a later passage describing him as Ecgberht as son of Ealhmund, and in another passage which setting out his complete ancestry from his son Æthelwulf King of Wessex[1466]. According to the Chronicle, Ecgberht was expelled from England in 789 by King Beorhtric after he unsuccessfully challenged Beorhtric's succession[1467]. It may be significant that "England" rather than "Wessex" is specified in this passage of the Chronicle. Ecgberht's father was king of Kent around this time, and it is possible that the expulsion was from Kent, maybe a consequence of his father being deposed as Kentish king. According to William of Malmesbury, Beorhtric was allied with Offa King of Mercia at this time. He explains that Ecgberht had sought refuge with King Offa after his expulsion by King Beorhtric, but that the latter bribed Offa for Ecgberht's surrender and was offered Offa's daughter in marriage in return[1468]. Ecgberht sought refuge at the Frankish court until [792][1469]. Under-King in Kent in [796][1470]. On Beorhtric's death, he established himself in 802 as ECGBERHT King of Wessex, rebelling against Mercian overlordship. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records that he ravaged the Britons of Dumnonia (Cornwall) 815[1471]. He defeated Beornwulf King of Mercia in 825 at Ellendun [=Wroughton, Wiltshire], which marked the end of Mercian ascendancy. King Ecgberht immediately sent his son Æthelwulf with a large army into Kent, which submitted to him along with Surrey, Sussex and Essex. East Anglia, in revolt against Mercia, turned to Ecgberht for protection[1472]. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records that Ecgberht conquered Mercia in 829[1473], taking the title rex Merciorum, from evidence provided by a limited number of coins[1474], but lost control of Mercia again in 830. He exacted tribute from Eanred King of Northumbria in 829. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records that the first Danish raiders landed at Sheppey in 835 and King Ecgberht was defeated by Viking invaders at Carhampton in 836[1475], but defeated the Vikings at Hingston Down, Cornwall in 838[1476], which is probably when Cornwall was integrated into Wessex. "Ægberhtus rex occidentalium Saxonum" granted land at Canterbury to "Ciaba clericus", jointly with "Æthelwulfi regis filii mei", by charter dated 836[1477]. "Æthelwulf rex Cancie" was co-grantor of land in Kent with "Egberthus rex occident Saxonum pater meus" by charters dated [833/39] and 838 respectively[1478]. Despite his successes, he does not seem to have claimed overlordship over all the southern English or referred to himself as king of England. He is listed as eighth bretwalda in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle[1479], supplementing the original list given by Bede. William of Malmesbury records that King Ecgberht died "after a reign of thirty-seven years" and was buried at Winchester[1480]. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records that Ecgberht died in 839[1481].
     "m ([789/92]) REDBURGA, daughter of ---. The primary source which confirms her marriage has not yet been identified. According to Weir, she is said to have been "sister of the king of the Franks", who at the time was Charles I, later Emperor "Charlemagne", but her identity is uncertain[1482]. The primary source on which this is based has not been identified. If her origin was Frankish, King Ecgberht presumably married her during his exile at the Frankish court between [789/792]."
Med Lands cites:

; Per Genealogy.EU (Ceric): “A1. Egbert, Subregulus of Kent (790/6), King of Wessex (802-39), King of Mercia (829-30), Overlord of "England" (827-39), *ca 769/80, +4.2.839/VI.839, bur Winchester Cathedral; m. Redburga, perhaps the sister of Charlemagne”.² He was King of Wessex
See the attached map of Wessex during the reign of Ecgberht (from Wikipedia: By Mike Christie at English Wikipedia - Transferred from en.wikipedia to Commons., Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=2986680) between 802 and 827.^6,14

; Per Enc. of World History: 'In the pause before the great wave of Viking advance, Wessex under Egbert, who had been in Charlemagne's service, emerged supreme (conquering Mercia), exercised a vague suzerainty over Northumbria, and received the homage of all the English kinglets.”.¹⁵ He was King of Wessex: [Ashley, pp. 313-316] EGBERT Wessex, January(?) 802-July(?) 839. Most chronologies of the kings of England start with Egbert, chiefly because he was the first West Saxon king to exercise authority over most of England. This is a somewhat biased West Saxon perspective, for although Egbert's descendants went on to become kings of England, Egbert himself exercised no greater authority than some of his predecessors, particularly OFFA of Mercia and others claiming the title bretwalda. Nevertheless, it is with Egbert that the chain of events begins that brings us to a united England.
Egbert was the son of EALHMUND, almost certainly the same Ealhmund who was briefly king of Kent in 784. He claimed descent from Ingeld, the brother of INE of Wessex, and through him back to CERDIC the founder of the West Saxon kingdom, though the authenticity of this descent is dubious. Egbert's birth date is sometimes cited as 775, and it is unlikely that he was born much earlier than that. However, some chroniclers claim that Egbert contended for the throne of Wessex after the murder of CYNEWULF in 786, but that Offa's influence gave the kingship to BEORHTRIC. If Egbert was actively competing at that time he is likely to have been older than eleven, though possibly no more than fifteen or sixteen, which would push his birth year back to 770 or 771. The ASC claims that Egbert spent three years in exile at the court of Charlemagne in Francia, but it is not clear when those three years were. Some have speculated that the ASC is in error and that his exile in Francia lasted for thirteen years. It is difficult to reconcile these dates with the likely chain of events. It seems that after Egbert first contended for the throne in 786 he retreated to the court of Offa. He was a troublesome youth, and Beorhtric believed that all the time Egbert was in England he would be a problem. It was in 789, at the time that Beorhtric was negotiating with Offa over his marriage to Offa's daughter, that Beorhtric suggested Egbert should be handed over to him. Egbert, realising his life might be in peril, prudently left Mercia and probably left England all together. As the son of Ealhmund, whose Kentish ancestry gave him strong Frankish connections, he may have been welcome at the court of Charlemagne even though at that time, Offa had angered Charlemagne by seeking to marry his son to one of Charlemagne's daughters, and Charlemagne broke off all trade relations with England. But it is as likely that Egbert did not go directly to Francia but arrived there after some travels possibly around the year 792. In truth we know little of Egbert's wanderings. At Charlemagne's court he would have encountered other exiled princes, as well as the great scholar and teacher Alcuin, whom Charlemagne had placed in charge of his school in Aachen. Egbert may well have accompanied Charlemagne on some of his campaigns, and he would certainly have learned the science of military tactics as well as the art of kingship. He probably married whilst at Charlemagne's court as his wife is recorded as Eadburh (or Redburga), Charlemagne's sister (or more probably niece) and his first-born ATHELWOLF was probably born there, around 795. 796 may have been the next milestone in Egbert's life. Alcuin left Aachen and became Abbot of Saint Martin, Tours, and that same year saw the death of Offa. Egbert may have used this as an opportunity to return to Britain and seek to regain his authority. The period between 796 and 799, when Beorhtric eventually restored relations with CENWULF of Mercia is not well documented, and it is possible that Egbert sought to regain the kingship of Wessex at that time. Even though he was unsuccessful it would have brought him back to the attention of the witan, or council, of Wessex with whom he must have remained in contact. He is very likely to have become involved in the uprising in Kent led by his cousin EADBERT, and may well have remained in Kent until Eadbert was deposed in 798. Egbert may then have returned to France and it is to this final three years that the ASC refers before Egbert was recalled from exile in 802, after the death of Beorhtric, to succeed to the kingdom of Wessex.
Even though the ASC is predominantly a West Saxon document produced in the time of ALFRED, Egbert's grandson, it is rather surprising that so little is recorded of the early years of Egbert's reign. Considering the later authority that he wielded one might imagine that he spent his early years in conquest, but this does not seem to be the case. One may conjecture from this that Egbert was not readily accepted by all as king and the inter-dynastic squabbles which troubled the West Saxon line for generations may have occupied much of Egbert's initial years as he sought to establish himself. He probably had the support of Charlemagne in this endeavour, and quite possibly the Pope as well. There is no doubt that once Egbert set out on his campaign of conquest, he did it from a firm base, and it would not be surprising that it took him ten years to establish. Egbert needed to re-organize his army so that it could move quickly and lightly, under strong command. He also needed to reorganize his administration so that it could handle the greater demands Egbert would place on it. Primarily he needed to gain the support of the church, and there is little doubt that Egbert developed a strong alliance with Wulfred, the radical archbishop of Canterbury. It is noticeable that Egbert's first bid for power came after Wulfred had visited Rome and gained the support of the pope for his reforms. With a strong archbishop amongst his supporters, and one who rapidly became alienated from Mercia (see under CENWULF), Egbert had much going for him.
It had probably served as a good omen that on the very day Egbert came to power, the ASC records that Athelmund, an ealdorman among the Hwicce of Mercia, invaded Wiltshire at Kempsford and was confronted by Weohstan of Wiltshire. Both ealdormen were killed in the conflict but the West Saxons were triumphant, and this may have been seen as a good sign. Egbert's first strike came in 815 when he decided to ensure that he had only one border on which to advance. In that year he invaded Cornwall and devastated the kingdom, bringing it under his authority. He allowed client kings to rule, and they would take any opportunity to oppose Saxon sovereignty, but to all intents and purposes from 815 the kingdom of Kernow had lost its independence. There were doubtless skirmishes between the Saxons and Cornish over the next ten years but the only one recorded was at Camelford in 825 when Egbert had again to subjugate the Cornish. Perhaps aware that Egbert was engaged in the south-west, BEORNWULF, the new king of Mercia, invaded Wessex. The chronicles suggest that Egbert was taken by surprise, but his years of preparation now paid off. The two armies met at Ellendun on the Marlborough Downs in Wiltshire and the victory went to Egbert. Whether planned or not, this seemed to be the opportunity Egbert had waited for, and he capitalised on it with a vengeance. He despatched a large army under the command of his son Athelwolf, ealdorman Wulfherd and Ealhstan, the bishop of Sherborne, into Kent, driving out the local king BALDRED. Egbert had claimed his patrimony and avenged his father's death. Surrey and Sussex had submitted to Athelwolf en route, and when Baldred escaped into Essex, the East Saxons rapidly submitted to Athelwolf's army. ATHELSTAN, king of East Anglia, promptly appealed to Athelwolf for support in fighting Mercia and with the aid of the West Saxons, Athelstan gained his freedom from Mercia. It has been suggested that this Athelstan was a son of Egbert, set up to lead the East Angles in their fight for independence. Although unconfirmed it is a tempting theory, because it would explain the otherwise apparent independence of the East Angles during Egbert's reign and beyond. Over the next two years the West Saxons no doubt continued to support the East Angles in their fight against the Mercians. Beornwulf was slain and the kingship of Mercia was in crisis until the emergence of WIGLAF. Egbert invaded Mercia directly in 829 and defeated and deposed Wiglaf. Egbert continued with his army of conquest north into Northumbria, but EANRED met and submitted to Egbert at Dore. From 829 Egbert was recognized as bretwalda or overlord and, because his dominion included Cornwall, hitherto unconquered, it is fair to say that Egbert was the first king of all England. Nevertheless, his client kings still exercised considerable authority, and there is some question as to whether Wiglaf's return to power in 830 was as a client to Egbert or whether he had regained control over Mercia. It is likely that after 830 Egbert lost some of his support from the Frankish Empire, due to its internal problems, and this weakened authority allowed Wiglaf to reassert himself, even though nominally accepting Egbert as his overlord. There must have been some agreement between them because in 830 Egbert led an army through Mercia into north Wales to subdue the resurgent CYNGEN AP CADELL. His devastation was so effective that Cyngen may well have been forced to regard Egbert as his overlord, despite Cyngen's recent display of pride in erecting the Pillar of Elisedd in commemoration of his victories.
After 830 Egbert's reign was dominated by the raids of the Danes. In 835 the Vikings devastated Sheppey in Kent, and in the following year they landed at Carhampton (or Charmouth) in Devon. Egbert gathered together his army and almost defeated the Danes, but with the dying rays of the sun the Danes turned the battle and Egbert had to admit defeat - the only recorded defeat of his reign. The Danes began to establish themselves in Devon and, by 838, had combined forces with the Cornish to declare an all-out war on the Saxons. Egbert's army was now better prepared. He no doubt had spent the time studying the battle tactics of the Danes. The forces met at Hingston Down, near Callington, on the Devon-Cornwall border, and Egbert inflicted a resounding defeat upon the enemy. It is unlikely that Egbert took a direct part in this battle. He was now in his late sixties, and his earlier defeat may have been an indication of his failing strength. He no doubt planned the battle tactics like an army general, but the army was probably commanded by one of his ealdormen, or possibly his son Athelwolf.
Egbert died the following year after a reign of thirty-seven years and seven months, probably in his sixty-ninth year. He was succeeded by Athelwolf. He also had a daughter, Edith (Eadgyth) who became a nun at Polesworth Abbey in Warwickshire. between 802 and July 839.¹⁶ He was Subregulus of Kent between 825 and 839.^2,10 He was 1st King of all England between 827 and 836.¹² He was King of Mercia between 829 and 830.²

     Cuthwine (Cutha) (?) Prince of Essex was born in 564 at Wessex, England.
Cuthwine (Cutha) (?) Prince of Essex died in 584 at Battle With Britons.⁴
     GAV-40 EDV-41 GKJ-40.

     Ceawlin (?) King of Wessex was born in 547 at Wessex, England.⁵
Ceawlin (?) King of Wessex died in 593.^5,3
      ; Per Med Lands:
     "CEAWLIN (-593). The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records that "Cynric and Ceawlin" fought the Britons in 552 at "Beranburh" [Barbury castle][1265]. In a much later section, the Chronicle names Ceawlin as son of Cynric, in its recitation of the ancestry of Æthelwulf King of Wessex[1266]. This leaves the impression of an after-thought, as none of the passages in the earlier parts of the Chronicle which record Ceawlin’s activity state that he was Cynric’s son. He succeeded in 560 as CEAWLIN King of Wessex. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records that "Ceawlin" succeeded to the kingdom of Wessex in 560[1267]. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records that "Ceawlin and Cutha" fought against "Æthelberht" [King of Kent] in 568 and "drove him into Kent", and "slew two princes Oslaf and Cnebba at Wibbandun"[1268]. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records that "Cuthwine and Ceawlin" fought against "the Britons" in 577 and "slew three kings, Coinmail, Condidan and Farinmail" at "Dyrham", and captured "three cities Gloucester, Cirencester and Bath"[1269]. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records that "Ceawlin and Cutha" fought against "the Britons" in 584 at "Fethanleag", where Cutha was killed, and captured "many villages and countless booty"[1270]. Stenton suggests[1271] that this place was near Stoke Lyne in north Oxfordshire, and that Ceawlin was defeated in the battle, based on the Chronicle stating that he "departed in anger to his own [territories]", as well as the lack of records of any further advance during his reign. Roger of Wendover records the death of "Cissa rege australium Saxonum" in 590, adding that "regem occidentalium Saxonum Ceaulinum" acquired his kingdom[1272]. Bede names "Caelin rex Occidentalium Saxonum" as second of the kings who had authority over the southern provinces, south of the river Humber[1273]. Presumably this is based on his victories as reported in the Chronicle, although the reports do not suggest that his authority extended so far north in England. Whatever the truth of the matter, King Ceawlin suffered reverses towards the end of his life as the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records in 592 that "there was great slaughter at Adam’s Grave" [in Alton Priors] and "Ceawlin was expelled", although it is unclear from the text whether the two events were linked[1274]. William of Malmesbury records that he was banished from the kingdom after being defeated at Wodnesbeorh[1275], presumably by Ceol who is recorded in 591 as King of Wessex. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records the death in 593 of "Ceawlin and Cwichelm and Crida"[1276]. Kirby points out that Ceawlin's reign is much shorter according to the West Saxon Genealogical Regnal List[1277]."
Med Lands cites: GAV-41 EDV-42 GKJ-41.

; This is the same person as ”Ceawlin of Wessex” at Wikipedia.⁶

; Per Stone (2000) chart 10-3: "Ceawlin, King of the West Saxons, ca. 581-588; he was an 'energetic leader who sought to expand his power in all directions from his upper Thames base and who succeeded in exacting tribute from some of the kingdoms already established in southern England.⁷'" He was King of the West Saxons: [Ashley, p. 301] CEAWLIN West Saxons, 560-92 or 571 (or 58l)-88. With Ceawlin, the third named king of Wessex, we reach firmer historical ground. There is more support for his reign than for those of his predecessors CYNRIC or CERDIC, though the problem over dates remains. According to the ASC he succeeded to the kingdom in 560 and reigned for 32 years. However the West Saxon regnal list only affords him seventeen (or seven) years (versions vary). Since the ASC gave an equally lengthy reign to Cynric, this is suggestive either of other forgotten kings, with the reigns of the known kings extended to fill the gaps, or of prolongation of reigns to establish a more ancient pedigree, something later Wessex annalists were likely to desire once Wessex became the primary power. He may already have ruled jointly with his father for part of his reign, especially if his father lived into his sixties. This overlap would explain the discrepancy of the two long reigns and allow us to reduce Ceawlin's solo reign to a more credible period.
Ceawlin's reign includes a catalogue of battles. He is recorded as fighting with his father at the battle of Beranburh in 556 (which may adjust to 575). In 568 (or 583) he teamed up with fellow Saxon CUTHA to fight on a united front against ATHELBERT, the new king of Kent, who was expanding his frontiers, which suggests that Ceawlin was stretching his own borders to the east. His other battles, especially at Dyrham, in 577 (this date may be accurate) were to the west and consolidated his kingdom around Wiltshire and Somerset. Dyrham was a decisive battle where Ceawlin defeated the British kings of Gloucester, Cirencester and Bath and (presumably) took over their land (see COINMAIL, FARINMAIL and CONDIDAN). These towns took several generations to recover from the battle. Bede lists Ceawlin as the second Saxon bretwalda, a form of high king, following the death of AELLE. In these early years the title is meaningless, but if it was conferred by any general agreement it probably came as a result of this victory, which allowed Ceawlin to establish a fixed West Saxon kingdom as distinct from his roving war-band.
Events went poorly for Ceawlin thereafter. Although he won another victory over the British at Fethanlea in 584, it was not without cost, and his ally Cutha was slain. Fethanlea is usually placed in Oxfordshire, but there was another decisive battle against the British near Tintern on the Wye which both sides identified as a victory (see under MEURIG AP TEWDRIG). A few years later it was recorded that there was "great slaughter" at Adam's Grave, east of Devizes, and Ceawlin was "expelled". The records do not say whether this battle was against the British or (more likely) against fellow Saxons, as this was the period of the great influx of Mercian Angles. In the following year Ceawlin "perished", though the records do not say how. If he had died valiantly in battle the annals would have been only too keen to boast of the fact, so one must assume Ceawlin met a rather ignominious death. He was succeeded by CEOL. between 560 and 591.^1,2

     Cynric (?) King of Wessex was born circa 480 at Wessex, England.⁵
Cynric (?) King of Wessex died in 560; Ashley says d. 554-71 or 581; Genealogics says d. 560; Med Lands says d. 560.^6,5,3
     Reference: Genealogics cites:

; Per Genealogics: "Cynric of Wessex (Cynric means roughly 'Relative of the king'), was born about 480, the son of Cerdic, king of the West Saxons. Cynric ruled as king of Wessex from his father's death in 534 to 560. Everything known about him comes from the _Anglo-Saxon Chronicle._ There he is stated to have been the son of Cerdic, but also (in the regnal list in the preface) to have been the son of Cerdic's son Creoda. During his reign he is said to have routed the Britons at Searobyrig or Old Sarum, near Salisbury, in 552. In 556 he and his son Cealwin won a battle against the Britons at Beranburh, now identified as Barbury Castle. Cynric died about 560.”.⁵

; This is the same person as ”Cynric” at Wikipedia.⁷

; Per Med Lands:
     "CYNRIC (-[560]). The family relationship, if any, between Cerdic and Cynric is reported differently in different sources. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records that "two princes, Cerdic and Cynric his son" landed in Britain in 495 at "Certicesora" and fought "against the Welsh" on the same day[1235]. According to the West Saxon Genealogical Regnal List, Cynric was the son of Creoda, son of Cerdic, although if this was correct it would be unlikely that the reports in the Chronicle of Cerdic and Cynric having operated together over nearly forty years were accurate. Creoda is not mentioned in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records that "Cerdic and Cynric slew a Welsh king…Nazaleod" in 508[1236]. He ruled from [519] as CYNRIC King of the West Saxons. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records that in 519 "Cerdic and Cynric obtained the kingdom of the West Saxons"[1237]. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records that in 519 "Cerdic and Cynric" fought "the Britons" at "Cerdicesford"[1238]. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records that in 527 "Cerdic and Cynric" fought "the Britons" at "Cerdiceslaeg" and in 530 captured the Isle of Wight[1239]. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records that "his son Cynric" continued to reign for 26 years after the death of "Cerdic" in 534[1240]. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records that "Cynric" fought the Britons in 552 at "Searoburh" [Old Sarum][1241]. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records that "Cynric and Ceawlin" fought the Britons in 552 at "Beranburh" [Barbury castle][1242]. The date of Cynric's death is based on the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle specifying that "Ceawlin obtained the kingdom of Wessex" in 560[1243]. Roger of Wendover records the death in 559 of "Kenricus rex occidentalium Saxonum"[1244]. Henry of Huntingdon records that "Certic primus rex Westsexe…Kinric filius eius" ruled for twenty-six years[1245]. If these dates of all the events reported in this paragraph are correct, Cynric would have had what appears to be an impossibly long active career, which throws much of the information into doubt."
Med Lands cites: GAV-43. He was King of the West Saxons: [Ashley, pp. 300-301] CYNRIC West Saxons, 534-60 or 554-71 (or 581). The son (or possibly grandson) of CERDIC, the supposed founder of the kingdom of Wessex. Cynric is closely associated in the ASC with his father from the year 494 to his death in 560, but even assuming he was just of age (16) in 494, this would make him 82 at the time of death, an unlikely age, since he was still battling the British only a few years before. The West Saxon regnal lists refers to CREODA as the son of Cerdic and father of Cynric, which would help explain the anomaly. Allowing a normal Saxon generation of about 20 years would bring Cynric's age at death down to a more acceptable 62. We also need to allow for the possible miscalculation of dates by the annalists (see under CERDIC for details) which introduced a 19-year discrepancy. This shifts Cynric's reign to around 554-581. Whether he did rule for 26 years must also be subject to doubt, especially as his son is also accorded a long reign. There may be some lost kings during this period, or some reigns overlapping.
The ASC records two battles for Cynric, one at Searoburh (Old Sarum) in 552 (probably 571) and one at Beranburh (Barbury Castle) four years later. Both of these are consistent with establishing and sustaining a kingdom around Wiltshire. Cynric was succeeded by his son CEAWLIN. between 534 and 560.^8,6,7

; Per Weis [1992:1]: " 'A.D. 552. This year Cynric fought with the Britons on the spot that is called Sarum, and put them to flight . . . 556. This year Cynric and Ceawlin fought...at Beranbury.' " [quoted from the Anglo-Saxon Chronicles]"^1,8

     Cerdic (?) King of Wessex was born in 467 at Saxony, North Germany.^1,2,3
Cerdic (?) King of Wessex died in 534 at Wessex, England.^1,2,3
      ; Per Genealogics:
     “Cerdic was born in Lower Saxony about 467. Founder of the West Saxon kingdom, he is described as an ealdorman who in 495 landed with his son Cynric in Hampshire, where he was attacked at once by the Britons. Nothing more is heard of him until 508, when he defeated the Britons with great slaughter. Strengthened by fresh arrivals of Saxons, he gained another victory in 519 at Certicesford, a spot which has been identified with the modern Charford, and in that year he took the title of King of the West Saxons. Turning westward Cerdic appears to have been defeated by the Britons in 520 at Badbury or Mount Badon, in Dorset, and in 527 yet another fight with the Britons is recorded. His last work was the conquest of the Isle of Wight, probably in the interest of some Jutish allies, in about 534, the year of his death. All the sovereigns of England, except Knud 'den Store', Hardeknud, the two Harolds and William 'the Conqueror', are said to be descended from Cerdic.”.³

; Per Med Lands:
     "CERDIC (-[534]). The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records that "two princes, Cerdic and Cynric his son" landed in Britain in 495 at "Certicesora" and fought "against the Welsh" on the same day[1226]. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records that "Cerdic and Cynric slew a Welsh king…Nazaleod" in 508[1227]. He installed himself as CERDIC King of the West Saxons. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records that in 519 "Cerdic and Cynric obtained the kingdom of the West Saxons"[1228]. According to the chronicler Æthelweard, who translated an early version of the Anglo-Saxon chronicle into Latin in the late tenth century, Cerdic conquered his kingdom "by 500"[1229]. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records that in 519 "Cerdic and Cynric" fought "the Britons" at "Cerdicesford"[1230]. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records that in 527 "Cerdic and Cynric" fought "the Britons" at "Cerdiceslaeg" and in 530 captured the Isle of Wight[1231]. These extracts suggest that Cedric only controlled parts of present day Hampshire and south Wiltshire, from Southampton to Winchester and Salisbury. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records the death in 534 of "Cerdic"[1232]. Roger of Wendover records the death in 533 of "Certic primus rex occidentalium Saxonum"[1233]. Henry of Huntingdon records that "Certic primus rex Westsexe" ruled for eighteen years[1234]."
Med Lands cites:

Reference: Genealogics cites: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists who came to America bef.1700, 7th Edition, 1992, Weis, Frederick Lewis. 1.³

; This is the same person as ”Cerdic of Wessex” at Wikipedia.⁵

; NB: Genealogics, following Weis [1992], shows Cerdic as the father of Cynric. However, the West Saxon Genealogical Regnal List (WSGRL) says that Cynric of the son of Creoda, son of Cerdic. Med Lands says that Creoda is not mentioned in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. I have followed WSGRL. See Dumville [1985:21-66].^3,4,6,7

; Per Stone (2000) chart 10-1: "...a Saxon leader who founded a settlement in sourthern England (perhaps in the upper Thames valley), ca. 532; King of the West Saxons, ca. 538-554; founder of the West Saxon dynasty."


Per Weis [1992:1]: "1. Cerdic, King of the West Saxons, 519-534, was a Saxon ealdorman who founded a settlement on the coast of Hampshire, England, in 495, assumed the title of King of the West Saxons in 519, and became the ancestor of the English royal line. "A.D. 495. This year came two leaders into Britain, Cerdic and Cynric, his son, with five ships... 519. This year Cerdic and Cynric undertook the government of the West Saxons; the same year they fought with the Britons at a place called Charford. From that day have reigned the children of the West Saxon kings. 5 30. They conquered the isle of wight... 534. This year died Cerdic, the first king of the West Saxons. Cynric his son succeeded to the government, and reigned afterwards twenty-six winters." (ASC, text by Ingram, Everyman's edition. See the following dates: 495, 519, 530, 854; CCN 230). (See Trelawney Dayrell Reed, The Rise of Wessex, chart p. 31, gens. 1-8. This also discusses Cerdic's parentage.)"
See attached map of the 5th century Anglo-Saxon Migration (from Wikipedia: By my work - Based on Jones & Mattingly's Atlas of Roman Britain (ISBN 978-1-84217-06700, 1990, reprinted 2007, pp. 317, 318), Haywood's Dark Age Naval Power (ISBN 1-898281-43-2, 1999, cemeteries on pp. 84–86, 121, region of "Romanisation" on p. 151), Lebecq's The Northern Seas (fifth to eighth centuries) (in The New Cambridge Medieval History, Vol I c.500–c.700, ISBN 13-978-0-521-36291-7, 2005, p. 643), and Wood's The Channel from the 4th to the 7th centuries AD in Carver's Maritime Celts, Frisians and Saxons (ISBN 978-0906780930, pp 93–97). The suggestion that settlements in Britain were made from the Bessin is from Haywood (Vron, for example, was abandoned c. 450).Jones & Mattingly also show 5th century cemeteries in the central English Midlands south of the River Trent, based on the dating of excavated cemeteries, but this is disputed by historians arguing for a 6th century Anglo-Saxon expansion into that region (see, for example Annals and the Origin of Mercia, pp. 20–24, by Wendy Davies, in Mercian Studies, 1977, ISBN 0718511484).The topographic map is from File:Europe relief laea location map.jpg, with copyright notice , downloaded 9 Oct 2010, with modifications done by myself., CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=24156581.)^8,9,10 GAV-45 EDV-45. He was King of the West Saxons: [Ashley, pp. 299-300] CERDIC Gewisse or West Saxons, 519-34 or 538-54. Cerdic is something of a mystery. The traditional story, as told in the ASC by the ninth century annalists seeking to find a pedigree for their great Saxon kings, was that Cerdic, the son of Elesa, and his son CYNRIC came to Britain with five ships and landed at Cerdicesford and on that day fought the British. Six years later they "obtained" the kingdom of the West Saxons, Cerdic ruling for fifteen years. The dates ascribed are contradictory and unlikely. The introduction to the ASC states they arrived in the year 494 and that six years later, or 500, they "conquered" the kingdom of Wessex. The later annals, however, assign the year 519 to the birth of Wessex. The latter year is the more likely (otherwise Cynric is exceedingly old by the time he dies) if we accept the six year period before gaining Wessex that would place their arrival in around 513/514, the year the annals describe another pair of Saxons (STUF and WIHTGAR) arriving, also at Cerdicesford, and also putting the British to flight. Possibly the annalists confused dates or Saxons in their desire to grant Wessex an ancient pedigree. It is possible that in reckoning their dates backward (based on the Easter cycle of feasts which repeats every nineteen years) they counted back from 519 instead of forward, which would start Cerdic's reign in 538, a more satisfactory date. This revised dating robs us of the opportunity of Cerdic clashing with ARTHUR. The original dates for Cerdic's reign (494-516) allow us to assume that Cerdic was killed at Badon (see under AELLE).
Even more confusing, though, is that Cerdic is a British name, not Saxon, the same as CEREDIG and CARADOC. Since no independent records survive to prove Cerdic's existence we have to draw conclusions. It has been suggested that Cerdic may have been a British chieftain, governing as an administrator (not a hereditary monarch) after the Roman fashion in the land around Salisbury: Wiltshire and Somerset. It is even possible that he or his relatives had married into the Saxon nobility, as the Saxons were already making incursions into Britain. Perhaps, with Saxon support, Cerdic proclaimed himself king and established a dynasty around the year 519 (or 538). The Britons would now regard him as a traitor, so the battle ascribed to him against the British in the year 527 (or 546) may well be true. A clue to this is in the name of Cerdic's tribe. He was known as the chief of the Gewisse (the name of Wessex did not come into existence for another two centuries). This name relates to his great-grandfather Gewis, another British name, but more significantly the Gewisse was originally a tribe or group of tribes which existed in the area around Shropshire and Herefordshire, running into the territory of Ergyng. The word Gewisse came to be used to describe a confederate army which may have consisted of Celts and Saxons and which had no fixed territory but roamed throughout the territory of Wiltshire and Somerset. However Cerdic may well have been a prince of the Gewisse in Wales, probably in Ergyng, which may have made him a relative of GWRGAN or CARADOC VREICHFAS. He may have been expelled from Ergyng because of his Saxon sympathies and with an army of Gewisse he may have fled across the English Channel to Brittany, where other British tribes had migrated, and from there he returned a few years later attempting to regain his lands but with an army of Saxon mercenaries. Cerdicesford, where he reputedly landed, is in Hampshire, near the head of the Solent. However no archeological evidence supports this. This area contains more remains of the Jutes (who had settled on the Isle of Wight) than the Saxons, whose archeological remains are more to the west, in Somerset and Wiltshire.
It is just possible that Cerdic has nothing to do with Wessex. The ASC states that in 530 (which may be 549), Cerdic and Cynric obtained the Isle of Wight and slew men at Wihtgarasburh. The Isle of Wight was occupied by Jutes not Saxons. It has been suggested that Wihtgarasburh is in fact Wigtown in Galloway, and that Cerdic led his Saxon forces into battle in the north. Only later did his descendants move south, but so great a hero had Cerdic become that his name became associated with the later established kingdom. It is conjectural, but not without possibility, as it does help explain the anomalous years following his death (see under CYNRIC). Cerdic died either in 534 or 554 and is believed to be buried at Cerdicesbeorg in the northern part of Hampshire, near Stoke-in-Hurtsbourne, though it is also suggested he died and is buried in Northumbria. See also KEREDIC. between 519 and 534.^11,12,5

     John I "Lackland" (?) King of England married Unknown (?)⁵
John I "Lackland" (?) King of England married Unknown (?)⁵
John I "Lackland" (?) King of England was born on 24 December 1167 at Beaumont Palace, Oxford, Oxfordshire, England.^6,7,8,9,2 He and Alice Agense (?) were engaged in 1173.² John I "Lackland" (?) King of England married Isabella Fitz Robert Countess of Gloucester, daughter of William Muellent Fitz Robert 2nd Earl of Gloucester and Hawise de Beaumont, on 29 August 1189 at Marlebridge, Salisbury, Wiltshire, England,
; her 1st husband; his 1st wife.^{10,8,3,11,9,12} John I "Lackland" (?) King of England and AlixAliceAlys (?) de France, Countess of Vexin, Comtesse d'Eu, Dame d'Arques were engaged in 1193.¹³ John I "Lackland" (?) King of England and Isabella Fitz Robert Countess of Gloucester were divorced in 1199.^14,11 John I "Lackland" (?) King of England married Isabelle d'Angouleme (?) comtesse d'Angouleme, Queen Consort of England, daughter of Aymer/Adhémar III Taillefer (?) Cte Angoulême et de La Marche, de Valence and AliceAlix de Courtenay Countess of Angouleme, on 24 August 1200 at Bordeaux Castle, Bordeaux, Departement de la Gironde, Aquitaine, France,
;
His 1st wife.^{15,8,6,14,16,3,9,17,2}
John I "Lackland" (?) King of England died on 19 October 1216 at Lincoln Castle, Newark-on-Trent, Newark and Sherwood District, Nottinghamshire, England, at age 48.^18,6,9,19,2
John I "Lackland" (?) King of England was buried after 19 October 1216 at Worcester Cathedral (his body), Worcester, City of Worcester, Worcestershire, England; From Find A Grave:
     BIRTH     24 Dec 1166, Oxford, City of Oxford, Oxfordshire, England
     DEATH     19 Oct 1216 (aged 49), Newark-on-Trent, Newark and Sherwood District, Nottinghamshire, England
     English Royalty. He received notoriety for being the King of England from 1199 to 1216. John was the son of Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine, and youngest brother of Richard "the Lionheart". He married twice with the first being a political move to a distant cousin Isabel of Gloucester; this was annulled. Then he married the 12 year-old Isabella of Angouleme, who gave him three daughters and two sons. He was an educated man who loved hunting and traveling. Since Henry II did not award him land as he did his older sons, John was given the name of "Lackland". The name proved to suit him as, during his reign, he lost most of the land England had acquired earlier. John's life was characterized by double-crossing tumultuous relationships: First he allied with his brother Richard to rebel against their father; later he allied with King Philip II of France to fight Richard. He then turned on Phillip, causing England to lose Normandy. And lastly, he battled with his oldest brother's son Arthur over the right to the throne, which he ultimately, after Richard's death, advanced to the throne. Many English barons and clergy thought he had poor judgment, was wicked and could not be trusted. And he was even excommunicated from the Church by Pope Innocent III. Although he did make improvements in military, taxation, and in the justice system, his faults and mistakes overshadowed any achievements. While John was in France and for the first time in history, barons made a national protest against such a bad government. On June 15, 1215, John sealed the "Magna Carta", the Great Charter, which restated the rights of the Church, the barons and all in the land. Within months, John broke all of these promises, causing the Church and the barons to summon aid from France. In the midst of the French invading England, John died of dysentery leaving his nine-year-old son to become Henry III. At this point, his widow, Isabella of Angouleme, was sent back to France without her very young children. King John may also be remembered as the rival of Robin Hood, the heroic outlaw in English folklore. His body is buried at Worcester Cathedral, and his heart at Fontevraud Abbey. Bio by: Linda Davis
     Family Members
     Parents
      Henry Plantagenet 1133–1189
      Eleanor de Aquitaine 1123–1204
     Spouses
      Isabella FitzWilliam Burgh 1165–1217 (m. 1189)
      Isabella of Angoulême 1188–1246 (m. 1200)
     Siblings
      Geoffrey FitzRoy Plantagenet 1152–1212
      William De Poitiers 1153–1156
      Henry Plantagenet 1155–1183
      Mathilda Plantagenet 1156–1189
      Richard I 1157–1199
      Geoffrey II Plantagenet 1158–1186
      Eleanor Plantagenet 1162–1214
      Joan Plantagenet 1164–1199
      King John I 1166–1216
     Half Siblings
      Marie de Champagne 1145–1198
      Alix Capet 1150 – unknown
      William Longespée 1176–1226
     Children
      Richard FitzRoy
      Joan of Wales 1188–1237
      Joan of Wales 1188–1237
      Henry III 1207–1272
      Richard of Cornwall
1209–1272
      Joan Plantagenet
1210–1238
      Isabelle Plantagenet 1214–1241
      Eleanor Plantagenet 1215–1275
     BURIAL     Worcester Cathedral, Worcester, City of Worcester, Worcestershire, England Show Map
     PLOT     The Choir
     Maintained by: Find A Grave
     Added: 31 Dec 2000
     Find A Grave Memorial 1953.^8,9,19
John I "Lackland" (?) King of England was buried after 19 October 1216 at Fontevraud Abbey (his heart), Fontevraud-l'Abbaye, Departement de Maine-et-Loire, Pays de la Loire, France; From Find A Grave:
     ORIGINAL NAME     John Plantagenet
     BIRTH     24 Dec 1166, Oxford, City of Oxford, Oxfordshire, England
     DEATH     19 Oct 1216 (aged 49), Newark-on-Trent, Newark and Sherwood District, Nottinghamshire, England
     English Royalty. He received notoriety for being the King of England from 1199 to 1216. John was the son of Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine, and youngest brother of Richard "the Lionheart". He married twice with the first being a political move to a distant cousin Isabel of Gloucester; this was annulled. Then he married the 12 year-old Isabella of Angouleme, who gave him three daughters and two sons. He was an educated man who loved hunting and traveling. Since Henry II did not award him land as he did his older sons, John was given the name of "Lackland". The name proved to suit him as, during his reign, he lost most of the land England had acquired earlier. John's life was characterized by double-crossing tumultuous relationships: First he allied with his brother Richard to rebel against their father; later he allied with King Philip II of France to fight Richard. He then turned on Phillip, causing England to lose Normandy. And lastly, he battled with his oldest brother's son Arthur over the right to the throne, which he ultimately, after Richard's death, advanced to the throne. Many English barons and clergy thought he had poor judgment, was wicked and could not be trusted. And he was even excommunicated from the Church by Pope Innocent III. Although he did make improvements in military, taxation, and in the justice system, his faults and mistakes overshadowed any achievements. While John was in France and for the first time in history, barons made a national protest against such a bad government. On June 15, 1215, John sealed the "Magna Carta", the Great Charter, which restated the rights of the Church, the barons and all in the land. Within months, John broke all of these promises, causing the Church and the barons to summon aid from France. In the midst of the French invading England, John died of dysentery leaving his nine-year-old son to become Henry III. At this point, his widow, Isabella of Angouleme, was sent back to France without her very young children. King John may also be remembered as the rival of Robin Hood, the heroic outlaw in English folklore. His body is buried at Worcester Cathedral, and his heart at Fontevraud Abbey. Bio by: Linda Davis
     Family Members
     Parents
          Henry Plantagenet 1133–1189
          Eleanor de Aquitaine 1123–1204
     Spouse
          Isabella of Angoulême 1188–1246
     Siblings
          Geoffrey FitzRoy Plantagenet 1152–1212
          William De Poitiers 1153–1156
          Henry Plantagenet 1155–1183
          Mathilda Plantagenet 1156–1189
          Richard I 1157–1199
          Geoffrey II Plantagenet 1158–1186
          Eleanor Plantagenet 1162–1214
          Joan Plantagenet 1164–1199
          King John I 1166–1216
     Half Siblings
          Marie de Champagne 1145–1198
          Alix Capet 1150 – unknown
          William Longespée 1176–1226
     BURIAL     Fontevraud Abbey, Fontevraud-l'Abbaye, Departement de Maine-et-Loire, Pays de la Loire, France
     PLOT     Cardiotaph (heart only)
     Maintained by: Find A Grave
     Originally Created by: Lutetia
     Added: 12 Jun 2012
     Find A Grave Memorial 91818151.²⁰
     Reference: Genealogics cites: GAV-22 EDV-22 GKJ-2.

; Per Genealogics:
     “John was born in 1167, the youngest son of Henry II, king of England, and Eleanor de Poitou, duchesse d'Aquitaine. John's mother was well over forty when John was born. He was her favourite, and inherited many of her characteristics. He grew up enjoying the good things of life: food, women and fashion. His parents indulged him; however, when at 18 he was sent to Ireland to complete its conquest, he was recalled when he aggravated the situation by making fun of the beards and clothes of the Irish chieftains.
     “His father denied him any lands and nicknamed him John Lackland; but when John's brother Richard became king he granted John the county of Mortain in Normandy. Richard I also found him a wife, Isabella of Gloucester. However the archbishop of Canterbury declared the marriage void as John and Isabella were second cousins. The Pope reversed this decision, but that did not improve the marriage and they soon lived apart, the marriage being annulled in 1200.
     “When Richard I went on crusade, being aware of John's character he appointed William de Longchamp as regent. However, as soon as Richard was gone, John found support not only from the people of England but also from his illegitimate half-brother Geoffrey, archbishop of York. Marching on London, he won the city by allowing the people to elect their mayor. Realising that he could not withstand his sovereign's brother, Longchamp fled disguised as a woman. He was ready to sail from Dover when an amorous sailor discovered who he was.
     “Before Richard I died he declared John to be his heir, by-passing Arthur of Brittany whose deceased father Geoffrey was John's elder brother. On 25 April 1199 John was invested as duke of Normandy. In 1200 he divorced his unwanted wife as he had become enamoured of the 12-year-old Isabella of Angoulême. Her parents, keen to see their daughter become queen, encouraged the match and they were married by the archbishop of Bordeaux.
     “As king he had a great concern and interest in the administration of his territories. Ralph of Coggeshall recorded that he ruled 'energetically enough'. He travelled widely in England, often dealing with mundane financial and legal matters. He was munificent and liberal to outsiders but a plunderer of his own people, trusting strangers rather than his subjects. He was eventually deserted by his own men, and in the end he was little mourned.
     “John produced eight illegitimate children. According to William of Newburgh he lusted after the wife of Eustace de Vesci, who contrived to smuggle a prostitute into the king's bed in her place. Next day when John coarsely told him how good his wife had been in bed, de Vesci confessed, then fled.
     “In 1203 John was responsible for the murder of his nephew and rival, Arthur. King Philippe of France, overlord for both Normandy and Brittany, was enraged by this action; forfeiting Normandy he attacked and conquered Rouen.
     “In 1205 John quarrelled with Pope Innocent III as he did not want to accept Stephen Langton as archbishop of Canterbury. As a result John was excommunicated in 1208. This lasted until 1213 when he had to accept England as a fief from the pope.
     “Campaigns in 1214 in France were disastrous. While he was in France his enemies in England joined forces under the banner of Stephen Langton, and forced John to accept the Magna Carta, which was sealed by John on 15 June 1215 at Runnymede near Windsor. Infuriated, John gained the support of the pope and gathered an army to fight his barons who were supported by the French king. Landing in England, King Louis marched on London. The barons promised the crown to the French king and a civil war began. During John's travels through England, one of his baggage-trains was swept away while crossing a river and he lost all his valuables including his crown. He became so depressed that he fell seriously ill. His illness was aggravated by his gluttony, and he was taken by litter to Newark Castle where he died, aged nearly forty-nine, on 18 October 1216.”.²

; Per Faris (1999) p. 279:
     "JOHN OF ENGLAND [Lackland], brother and heir, youngest son, was born at Oxford on 24 Dec. 1167. His father's attempt to provide territory in France for him provoked rebellion by his older brothers. His father granted him the lordship of Ireland in 1177, and arranged his succession to the earldom of Gloucester. His father's continued favour to him contributed to the rebellion of John's older brother Richard I, though at the end of Henry's reign John deserted his father to support Richard who, on accession as king in 1189, made John Comte de Mortagne in Normandy. John was married for the first time at Marlebridge on 29 Aug. 1189 to ISABEL OF GLOUCESTER, Countess of Gloucester, youngest daughter and coheiress of William Fitz Robert, Earl of Gloucester, by Hawise, daughter of Robert de Beaumont, 2nd Earl of Leicester. Henry had arranged the marriage before his death, but it was delayed because Baldwin, Archbishop of Canterbury, had forbidden it on account of consanguinity (they were both great-grandchildren of King Henry I). On appeal to Rome the papal legate in England annulled the Archbishop's interdict. John became Earl of Gloucester jure uxoris. Richard, who was childless, acknowledged that his successor as King of England was his and John's nephew, Arthur, son of their deceased brother Geoffrey. While Richard was on crusade John broke his promise not to enter England during Richard's absence and, on learning of Richard's imprisonment in Germany, attempted, though unsuccessfully, to seize control of England. On Richard's return John was banished and disinherited though he was pardoned and recognized as heir when Arthur fell into the hands of the king of France, Philippe II. On the death of Richard in 1199, John took the Throne, and was crowned King of England on Ascension Day 27 May 1199. In 1199, through the Archbishop of Bordeaux and the Bishops of Poitier and Saintonge, and after a ten-year childless marriage, John obtained a divorce from his wife on the grounds of consanguinity. This enraged the Roman Curia as presuming to dissolve what had been joined by their authority. He intervened in the politics of his county of Poitou, and, in trying to settle the quarrel between the rival families of Lusignan and Angoulême, was married for the second time at Bordeaux on 24 Aug. 1200 to ISABELLE D'ANGOULÊME, daughter and heiress of Aymer Taillefer, Comte d'Angoulême (descendant of Charlemagne), by Alice, daughter of Pierre de France, Seigneur de Courtenay (descendant of Charlemagne). She was born in 1188, and had been betrothed to Hugues IX de Lusignan, Comte de La Marche. She was crowned on 8 Oct. 1200. War with France followed John's refusal to appear before Philippe II concerning the grievance of the Lusignans. At first John was successful in defending his French lands, capturing his nephew Arthur (who died in custody), but in 1204 lost Normandy, Anjou, Maine, and Touraine to the French king. For the next ten years John resided almost permanently in England (the first such Angevin king) and attempted to restore his finances for further warfare in France by determined taxation and exploitation of his feudal prerogatives (later the basis for the charge of tyranny). When he insisted on his, rather than the Pope's, right to nominate the Archbishop of Canterbury, Pope Innocent III in 1208 imposed an Interdict on England suspending all religious services, and excommunicating King John. After five years of amassing the revenues of vacant or appropriated sees and abbeys, John agreed to become a vassal to the Pope for an annual tribute of one thousand marks, with absolution from excommunication and the lifting of the Interdict. John continued his fight with the French, now with the Pope as his ally, hut attempts finally collapsed with the defeat of his continental allies at Bouvines in 1214. An alliance of barons took advantage of this defeat to launch a rebellion which was successful in forcing John to a comprehensive and humiliating Magna Carta ensuring the feudal rights of the barons and the reinstatement of English law, signed at Runnymede on 19 June 1215. John soon repudiated the charter, and civil war resumed. JOHN OF ENGLAND, King of England, died suddenly in the midst of campaigning at Newark on 19 Oct. 1216, and was buried at Worcester Cathedral where his effigy is to be seen on his tomb. His widow was married for the second time on 10 May 1220 to Hugues X de Lusignan, Comte de la Marche (died 1249), and had nine children. She died at Fontévrault on 31 May 1246.
C.P. 5:689-692 (1926). Paget (1977), pp. 15-16.
     "Children of John of England, by Isabelle d'Angoulême:

; This is the same person as ”John, King of England” at Wikipedia.²² He and Matilda Gifford were associated.⁵ John I "Lackland" (?) King of England and nn (Isabel) de Warenne were associated.^2,23 John I "Lackland" (?) King of England and Clementia (?) were associated.^24,25,2 John I "Lackland" (?) King of England and Agatha de Ferrers were associated.^26,2 John I "Lackland" (?) King of England was King of England: [Ashley, pp. 527-530] JOHN LACKLAND King of England: 6 April 1199-18 October 1216. Crowned: Westminster Abbey, 27 May 1199. Titles: king of England, lord of Ireland (from 1177), count of Mortain (from 1189) and duke of Normandy (1199-1203). Born: Beaumont Palace, Oxford, 24 December 1167 Died: Newark Castle, 18 October 1216, aged 48. Buried: Worcester Cathedral. Married: (1) 29 August 1189, at Marlborough Castle, Isabella (c1175-1217), dau. of William, earl of Gloucester; divorced 1199: no children; (2) 24 August 1200, at Bordeaux Cathedral, Isabella (c1187-1246), dau. of Aymer Taillefer, count of Angoulême: 5 children. John also had at least twelve illegitimate children. John was the youngest and favourite son of HENRY II and Eleanor of Aquitaine. His mother was forty-five when he was born and she had already given birth to nine children. As the youngest child John had no immediate inheritance, Henry's patrimony having already been divided amongst his other children. John thus earned the nickname Lackland. When Henry's eldest surviving son, HENRY (THE YOUNG KING), died in 1183, Henry hoped that RICHARD, who had now become the heir to the English throne, would transfer Aquitaine to John. Richard had no such intention. The conflict that followed, as brother fought brother and sons fought father, was an ignominious end to Henry's reign and revealed that John was as much a turncoat as the rest. It was John's treachery that hastened Henry's death. After Henry's conquest of eastern Ireland in 1175, John was invested with the honorary title of lord of Ireland, though it carried no authority or land. In 1185 John was despatched to Ireland to conclude the conquest, but instead he alienated the native kings by ridiculing their dress and appearance, and angered his soldiers by spending their pay.
John was clearly a spoiled child, but he did not waste his childhood. He had a good education and took a special interest in law and administration. He was the youngest male child by some eight years and there is little doubt that his elder brothers continued to treat him as a child. He did not get on with them particularly well and followed his own solitary pursuits. He became extremely petulant, but also shrewd, finding ways of achieving his own ends. His brothers, and others who knew him closely, found they could not trust him. When Richard left for the Crusades in 1190, he granted John sufficient territory in France in the hope it would keep him out of mischief, and ordered him not to set foot in England. But John's passion for power ruled his head and the moment Richard left, John determined to overthrow William Longchamp, whom Richard had left in charge. Richard heard of John's activities and sent Walter of Coutances to assist Longchamp. John was forced to retire to his estates but then paid homage to Philippe II of France, who had returned (ahead of Richard) from the Crusade in 1191. When Richard eventually returned to England in March 1194, John lost many of his lands in Normandy but Richard soon forgave him. Nevertheless with Richard close at hand, winning back his lands in France, John was not able to make more trouble. In fact he assisted Richard in his wars and Richard appointed him his heir.
When Richard died in 1199 John was accepted as king in England, but not by the Angevin territories in France, who preferred his nephew Arthur of Brittany. Arthur, and his sister Eleanor, were the children of John's elder brother Geoffrey, and had stronger claims, on the principle of primogeniture, to the throne than John did. John's subsequent actions did not help the situation. Little over a year after his coronation he divorced his wife and married Isabella of Angoulême. Their marriage was tempestuous - both highly-sexed and strong-willed, they were well matched -but the marriage was also the cause of John's downfall. She was already betrothed to Hugh de Lusignan, who complained to Philippe of France. He summoned John to answer the case but John refused, enabling Philippe to confiscate all of John's lands in France. In the ensuing conflict, which broke out in the spring of 1202, John defended his lands admirably, including a mercy dash to save his besieged mother. Unfortunately John made a singular error of judgement in capturing and imprisoning Arthur and his sister. Arthur was never heard of again, but by Easter 1203 there were strong rumours that his mutilated body had been seen in the river Seine. Blame attached itself to John, with many believing he had killed Arthur in a fit of rage. Arthur's fate unsettled the barons in Brittany, Normandy and Anjou, and their distrust of John increased. John found it difficult to defend his lands. He escaped to England in December 1203, leaving his Norman subjects to their fate. He succeeded in negotiating a truce for two years thus enabling him to hold on to most of Poitou, but by 1206 he was forced to surrender all of his territories north of the Loire.
John needed resources to re-establish an army to regain his French lands and though this was the main focus of his energies for the next few years he did not neglect the administration of England. It is unfortunate that John is remembered as a harsh king because to his subjects he was exceedingly fair, ensuring that the law was properly administered. In fact he was probably too fair, since he often angered his barons with his judgements against them in favour of their tenants. He further alienated the barons by levying severe taxes and strengthening the forest laws to increase his income. The most hated tax was scutage. This was levied on those barons who declined military service, which became increasingly common amongst those who had no lands in France and thus had no desire to fight abroad. Moreover many were less and less inclined to want to fight for John, and scutage became seen as an onerous punishment for their disloyalty. John did not seem to worry about annoying his barons. He had a good sense of humour and delighted in anything that ridiculed or deflated pomposity. This angered his barons even more, though John's common subjects found it a redeeming feature.
John's delight at challenging authority went a step too far, however, with the pope. In 1207 John rejected the new archbishop of Canterbury, Stephen Langton, and refused to accept the pope's injunction that Langton be re-installed. As a result in 1208 England was placed under an interdict that stopped all church services, and then John was excommunicated. This did not worry John because he used the opportunity to confiscate church revenues which provided much needed funds for his military endeavours. In the period 1208 to 1211 John undertook several successful campaigns throughout Britain, which bought him time with his restless nobles. Campaigns in Scotland, Ireland and Wales during these years brought the rebellious lords and vassals to order and demonstrated that John did possess military skills. In fact John's defeat of LLYWELYN THE GREAT in 1211 was perhaps his single most effective victory. He was able to exact severe tribute from these vassals to add to his growing treasury. John planned a further campaign in 1212 but by then other priorities took over. A rumoured murder plot, a threatened rebellion by his barons, a planned invasion by Philippe of France, and the threat of deposition by the pope made John reconsider his position. This was where he demonstrated his cunning. His negotiations with Pope Innocent III lifted the interdict on the basis that John would hold his lands as a fiefdom of the papacy. Innocent thereafter supported John in his actions against his barons, and even against Philippe.
John now had the finances and the papal support he needed. He had to capitalise on this by regaining his lands in France. His campaign, which began in July 1213, was initially successful. He routed the French fleet and won a number of battles. However, the following year, whilst campaigning in Poitou, John's allies were defeated at Bouvines in Flanders, which weakened John's position. He was forced to agree a peace treaty with France. In the eyes of the barons this was seen as a defeat. Their patience snapped. They rebelled openly and civil war broke out in May 1215. The hostilities were brief as John was betrayed and London fell within a month. John met the rebels at Runnymede on 15 June 1215, where he was forced to sign a charter, agreeing to restore many of the rights that the church and barons believed they had lost, not just during John's reign but that of Henry II. This later became known as the Great Charter or Magna Carta. It was not so very earth-shattering at the time, but it rapidly became the symbol of the success of the barons over their oppressive king. John soon denounced the charter as having been signed under duress and was supported in his actions by the pope. Civil war again broke out and this time the rebel barons declared Louis, the son of Philippe of France, as their king. Louis was able to land at Sandwich in May 1216 and advance on London unopposed. John was forced to retreat. Although he retained much of the West Country, the rest of England was opposed to him. While campaigning in the Fens, he crossed the Wash heading towards Lincoln but misjudged the tides. His treasures and crown jewels were lost, and it must have seemed like his kingdom was lost with them. He soon caught a fever, not helped by his over-eating, which led to dysentery, and he died a few days later aged only forty-eight. There was some suggestion that he might have been poisoned. He was succeeded by his nine-year-old son HENRY III. Queen Isabella retired to her estates in France where she married the son of her original lover, Hugh de Lusignan, and lived a further thirty years.
History has judged John rather more harshly than he deserves. He was a man who believed the world owed him something and created enemies by refusing to take authority seriously. But there were many who remained intensely loyal to him, otherwise there could not have been a civil war, and he certainly cared for England and the English more than his brothers or his father. It was from him, and not from his brothers, that two of England's greatest kings, EDWARD I and EDWARD III, were directly descended. between 6 April 1199 and 18 October 1216.^27,14

; signed Magna Carta.
Counsellors named in Magna Carta
     "The preamble to Magna Carta includes the names of the following 27 ecclesiastical and secular magnates who had counselled John to accept its terms. The names include some of the moderate reformers, notably Archbishop Stephen Langton, and some of John's loyal supporters, such as William Marshal, Earl of Pembroke. They are listed here in the order in which they appear in the charter itself:[62]
1. Stephen Langton, Archbishop of Canterbury and Cardinal
2. Henry de Loundres, Archbishop of Dublin
3. William of Sainte-Mère-Église, Bishop of London
4. Peter des Roches, Bishop of Winchester
5. Jocelin of Wells, Bishop of Bath and Glastonbury
6. Hugh of Wells, Bishop of Lincoln
7. Walter de Gray, Bishop of Worcester
8. William de Cornhill, Bishop of Coventry
9. Benedict of Sausetun, Bishop of Rochester
10. Pandulf Verraccio, subdeacon and papal legate to England
11. Eymeric, Master of the Knights Templar in England
12. William Marshal, Earl of Pembroke
13. William Longespée, Earl of Salisbury
14. William de Warenne, Earl of Surrey
15. William d'Aubigny, Earl of Arundel
16. Alan of Galloway, Constable of Scotland
17. Warin FitzGerold
18. Peter FitzHerbert
19 Hubert de Burgh, Seneschal of Poitou
20. Hugh de Neville
21. Matthew FitzHerbert
22. Thomas Basset
23. Alan Basset
24. Philip d'Aubigny
25. Robert of Ropsley
26. John Marshal
27. John FitzHugh

The Council of Twenty-Five Barons
     "The names of the Twenty-Five Barons appointed under clause 61 to monitor John's future conduct are not given in the charter itself, but do appear in four early sources, all seemingly based on a contemporary listing: a late 13th-century collection of law tracts and statutes, a Reading Abbey manuscript now in Lambeth Palace Library, and the Chronica Majora and Liber Additamentorum of Matthew Paris.[63][64][65] The process of appointment is not known, but the names were drawn almost exclusively from among John's more active opponents.[66] They are listed here in the order in which they appear in the original sources:
1. Richard de Clare, Earl of Hertford
2. William de Forz, Earl of Albemarle
3. Geoffrey de Mandeville, Earl of Essex and Gloucester
4. Saer de Quincy, Earl of Winchester
5. Henry de Bohun, Earl of Hereford
6. Roger Bigod, Earl of Norfolk and Suffolk
7. Robert de Vere, Earl of Oxford
8. William Marshal junior
9. Robert Fitzwalter, baron of Little Dunmow
10. Gilbert de Clare, heir to the earldom of Hertford
11. Eustace de Vesci, Lord of Alnwick Castle
12. Hugh Bigod, heir to the Earldoms of Norfolk and Suffolk
13. William de Mowbray, Lord of Axholme Castle
14. William Hardell, Mayor of the City of London
15. William de Lanvallei, Lord of Walkern
16. Robert de Ros, Baron of Helmsley
17. John de Lacy, Constable of Chester and Lord of Pontefract Castle
18. Richard de Percy
19. John FitzRobert de Clavering, Lord of Warkworth Castle
20. William Malet
21. Geoffrey de Saye
22. Roger de Montbegon, Lord of Hornby Castle, Lancashire[f]
23. William of Huntingfield, Sheriff of Norfolk and Suffolk
24. Richard de Montfichet
25. William d'Aubigny, Lord of Belvoir

Excommunicated rebels
     "In September 1215, the papal commissioners in England – Subdeacon Pandulf, Peter des Roches, Bishop of Winchester, and Simon, Abbot of Reading – excommunicated the rebels, acting on instructions earlier received from Rome. A letter sent by the commissioners from Dover on 5 September to Archbishop Langton explicitly names nine senior rebel barons (all members of the Council of Twenty-Five), and six clerics numbered among the rebel ranks:[67]
Barons
1. Robert Fitzwalter
2. Saer de Quincy, Earl of Winchester
3. Richard de Clare, Earl of Hertford
4. Geoffrey de Mandeville, Earl of Essex and Gloucester
5. Eustace de Vesci
6. Richard de Percy
7. John de Lacy, Constable of Chester
8. William d'Aubigny
9. William de Mowbray
Clerics
10. Giles de Braose, Bishop of Hereford
11. William, Archdeacon of Hereford
12. Alexander the clerk [possibly Alexander of St Albans]
13. Osbert de Samara
14. John de Fereby
15. Robert, chaplain to Robert Fitzwalter.²⁸

     Henry III (?) of Winchester, King of England was born on 1 October 1207 at Winchester Castle, Winchester, City of Winchester, co. Hampshire, England.^6,7,1,3,8 He and Yolande de Dreux Cts de Penthievre et de Porhoet were engaged before 19 October 1226.^9,10 Henry III (?) of Winchester, King of England married Eleanor (?) Countess of Provence Queen of Eng., daughter of Raymond V Berenger (?) Comte de Provence & Forcalquier and Beatrix/Béatrice (?) Countess of Savoy, on 14 January 1236 at Canterbury Cathedral, Canterbury, co. Kent, England.^{6,11,7,12,4,13,14,3,8}

Henry III (?) of Winchester, King of England died on 16 November 1272 at Bury St. Edmunds, co. Suffolk, England, at age 65.^15,6,3,8
Henry III (?) of Winchester, King of England was buried after 16 November 1272 at Westminster Abbey, Westminster, City of Westminster, Greater London, England.^12,3
Henry III (?) of Winchester, King of England was buried after 16 November 1272 at Fontevraud Abbey (his heart), Fontevraud-l'Abbaye, Departement de Maine-et-Loire, Pays de la Loire, France; From Find A Grave:
     BIRTH     1 Oct 1207, Winchester, City of Winchester, Hampshire, England
     DEATH     16 Nov 1272 (aged 65), Westminster, City of Westminster, Greater London, England
     [Heart Burial]
     BURIAL     Fontevraud Abbey, Fontevraud-l'Abbaye, Departement de Maine-et-Loire, Pays de la Loire, France
     Created by: Lutetia
     Added: 12 Jun 2012
     Find A Grave Memorial 91818248.¹⁶
     Reference: Genalogics cites:

; Per Genalogics:
     "Henry was born on 1 October 1207, the eldest of two sons of John, king of England, and Isabella d'Angoulême. He was only nine on his father's death, and his mother declared him king of England. Part of England was in the hands of the French king, so Henry was crowned in Gloucester by the bishop of Winchester. In 1217, as a gesture of goodwill to the rebellious barons, the Magna Carta was reissued, and with courage and resolve the French were driven out. His regents were William Marshal, earl of Pembroke, until his death in 1219 then Hubert de Burgh. As his mother had returned to France, Henry III was educated by Peter des Roches, bishop of Winchester. In 1220 Henry was again crowned in Westminster Abbey. In 1223 he was declared to be of age by Pope Honorius III, but he took over the government only in 1227 when he was twenty.
     "Hubert de Burgh retained his influence with Henry until he was imprisoned in 1232 after being accused of malpractice. Now it was the turn of Peter des Roches to exercise the power, as Henry III was a weak-willed king. Only in 1234, when he was forced to remove Peter des Roches and his cronies, did Henry III become fully responsible for the government of the land.
     "On 14 January 1236 at Canterbury, Henry married Eleanor de Provence, daughter of Raimund Berengar V, comte de Provence, and Béatrice de Savoie. They had eight children of whom the first four would have progeny: Edward, Margaret, Beatrice, and Edmund.
     "About 1239, the king extorted from the Jews a heavy ransom in gold and silver. He defrauded one Jew, Aaron of York, of four marks of gold and four thousand marks of silver. The king received the gold from each Jew, man or woman, into his own hand, becoming a new kind of tax-gatherer, especially for a king.
     "In the Tower of London Henry kept a camel, buffaloes, the first elephant in England, a bear from the King of Norway, three leopards from the Emperor Frederick II, and a lion from Louis IX. The rebuilding of Edward the Confessor's abbey at Westminster, partly inspired by the construction of Sainte Chapelle by his brother-in-law, Louis IX of France, was probably Henry III's most spectacular architectural achievement.
     "In the years that followed, Henry made himself unpopular with his high taxes and the favours he bestowed upon his wife's foreign relations and his own half-brothers. The barons united, headed by Simon de Montfort, earl of Leicester and husband of Eleanor, the king's sister. In the civil war that followed, Henry and his eldest son Edward were captured in 1264 at Lewes.
     "Henry III was forced to summon parliament and then to rule according to the advice of the barons. Henry may have had to concede, but Edward continued to battle against the barons, and Montfort was killed at the battle of Evesham in 1265. Edward and his uncle Richard of Cornwall concluded a peace, but Henry was by now a puppet and his forced inactivity caused premature senility. The death of his beloved brother Richard on 12 April 1272 was the final straw. The king died 16 November 1272 at Winchester."⁸


; Per Med Lands:
     "HENRY, son of JOHN King of England & his second wife Isabelle Ctss d'Angoulême (Winchester Castle 1 Oct 1207-Palace of Westminster 16 Nov 1272, bur Westminster Abbey). Matthew Paris records that "Isabel Anglorum regina" have birth “in die sancti Remigii” 1207 to “Johanni regi filium suum primogenitum...Henricus”[685]. The Continuator of Florence of Worcester records the birth "die S Remigii" [1207] of "filium…Henricus" to "regina Isabel"[686]. He succeeded his father 28 Oct 1216 as HENRY III King of England. The Continuator of Florence of Worcester records the coronation "apud Bristowe…V Kal Nov" [1216] of King Henry[687]. Crowned Gloucester Cathedral 28 Oct 1216[688], and again Westminster Abbey 17 May 1220. The Chronicle of Ralph of Coggeshall records the coronation in 1220 "die Pentecostem…XVI Kal Jun" of King Henry at Westminster[689]. He formally renounced the duchy of Normandy under the Treaty of Paris Dec 1259. King Henry planned grandiose schemes to increase England's influence in Europe, through installing his younger son as king of Sicily and with his brother as king of Germany, but failed in their successful implementation. His reign was bedevilled by domestic difficulties with the English barons, triggered partly by his inability to control his wife's relations whose establishment in England he encouraged. The Continuator of Florence of Worcester records the death "die S Eadmundi Cantuar. archiepiscopi" 16 Nov 1272 of King Henry III and his burial at Westminster[690].
     "Betrothed (before 19 Oct 1226) to YOLANDE de Bretagne, daughter of PIERRE Duke of Brittany & his first wife Alix de Thouars Dss of Brittany (in Brittany end 1218-château de Bouteville 10 Oct 1272, bur Villeneuve-les-Nantes, église abbatiale de Notre Dame). A letter of King Henry III dated 19 Oct 1226 confirms his betrothal to "Jolentam filiam Petri ducis Brittanniæ et comitis Richemundiæ"[691].
     "m (Betrothed 22 Jun 1235, Canterbury Cathedral 14 Jan 1236) ELEONORE de Provence, daughter of RAYMOND BERENGER IV Comte de Provence & his wife Béatrice de Savoie (Aix-en-Provence [1223]-Amesbury Abbey, Wiltshire 24/25 Jun 1291, bur Amesbury Abbey). A charter dated 22 Jun 1235 records the marriage agreement between "Henricus III Angliæ Rex" and "Amedeo IV Sab. Com. ac Willelmo electo Valentino fratribus…nepte, sororis illorum, comitissæ Provinciæ, filia"[692]. The Continuator of Florence of Worcester records the marriage "Id Jan" [1236] in Canterbury of King Henry III and "Alienoram filiam comitis Proventiæ" and their joint coronation in London "XIII Kal Feb"[693]. Her marriage is recorded by Matthew Paris, who also states her parentage, and her coronation as Queen Consort 19/20 Jan 1236 at Westminster Abbey[694]. Her marriage signalled the establishment of close ties between the English court and the house of Savoy, the foreign immigrants becoming increasingly unpopular in England and contributing to the difficulties experienced by King Henry III with his barons. The testament of "Beatricis relictæ Raimundi Berengarii comitis Provinciæ", dated 14 Jan 1264, confirms her previous testaments appointing "Reginarum filiarum suarum Margarethæ Franciæ et Alienoræ Angliæ…" as her heirs[695]. She became a nun at Amesbury Abbey, Wiltshire 7 Jul 1284. The Annales Londonienses record the death "in crastino Sancti Johannis Baptistæ" in 1291 of "Elianora mater regis Edwardi" and her burial "apud Ambresbury in festo nativitate beatæ Virginis"[696]."
Med Lands cites:

; See Wikipedia article.¹⁷ GAV-19 EDV-20 GKJ-21.

; Per Weis AR7 1-27: King of England 1216-1272
     "He was 9 years old at the time of his accession. In 1227 he took over the government. He married Eleanor of Provence and put many foreigners in leading positions. This caused a revolt led by Simon de Montfort. William Marshal and Hubert de Burgh are made regents during minority of Henry. They ruled wisely.
Per Faris (1999) pp. 280-281:
     "HENRY III OF ENGLAND [of Winchester], King of England, son and heir, was born at Winchester Castle on 1 Oct. 1207. He was crowned, aged nine, at Gloucester on 28 Oct. 1216. Henry assumed personal rule when he declared himself to be of full age in January 1227, and sought to recover the lands in France lost by his father. He was married at Canterbury on 14 Jan. 1236 to ÉLÉONORE DE PROVENCE, second daughter and co-heiress of Raymond Berengar V, Comte de Provence (descendant of Charlemagne), by Béatrix, daughter of Thomas I, Comte de Savoie (descendant of Charlemagne). She was horn at Aix-en-Provence in 1217. Their children were born at Westminster in 1239, at Windsor Castle in 1240, at Bordeaux in 1242, in London in 1245 and at Westminster in 1253. Henry's personal rule in the direction of royal finances without the participation of the barons provoked discontent. The barons were further repelled by the influence over his government by his Queen's Savoyard kinsmen. His Lusignan half-brothers involved him in a disastrous foray in France. Henry's need for financial support compelled him in 1258 to agree to the creation of a privy council of barons to advise him and to oversee the administration of government. Henry sought help from the French king, Louis IX, and in 1259 made peace abandoning claims to the lost lands in France (the titles of Duc de Normandie and Comte d'Anjou in 1259, also renouncing claims to the counties of Maine, Touraine, and Poitou) and agreeing to hold the province still in his hands, the Duchy of Gascony, as a feudal vassal of Louis and his successors. His major baronial opponent by 1264 was his brother-in-law, Simon de Montfort, Earl of Leicester. In the ensuing civil war Montfort captured Henry and his eldest son, Edward, at the battle of Lewes in Sussex on 14 May 1264. Montfort ruled England in Henry's name until he was defeated and killed at the battle of Evesham on 4 Aug. 1265 by Henry's son, the future King Edward I, who assumed effective control of the government. HENRY III OF ENGLAND, King of England, died at Bury St. Edmunds, Suffolk, on 16 Nov. 1272 and was buried at Westminster Abbey. His widow died at Amesbury, co. Wilts, on 24 June 1291.      Paget (1977), pp. 17-18. Powicke (1961), pp. 34-35.
     "Children of Henry III of England, by Éléonore de Provence: He was Duke of Aquitaine between 1216 and 1272.¹⁷ He was Lord of Ireland between 1216 and 1272.¹⁷ He was King of England, [Ashley, pp. 531-534] HENRY III King of England: 18 October 1216-16 November 1272. Crowned Gloucester, 28 October 1216, and again at Westminster, 17 May 1220. Titles: king of England, duke of Normandy -(until 1259) and Aquitaine. Born: Winchester Castle, 1 October 1207; Died: Westminster, 16 November 1272, aged 65. Buried: Westminster Abbey. Married: 14 January 1236, at Canterbury Cathedral, Eleanor (c1223-1291), dau. of Raymond Berenger, count of Provence: 9 children. Henry inherited the English throne at a difficult time. He was only nine years old. His father, JOHN, had died suddenly leaving an England riven by civil war, with London and the south-east controlled by Louis, the son of the French king. Louis had been invited to become the English king because of the dissatisfaction of the barons with John's inept and autocratic government. In fact John had not been as bad as the barons liked to insist, but with his death the main cause of the strife passed. It di4 not take long for the appointed regent, William Marshal, and the justiciar, Hubert de Burgh, to defeat the rebel barons and to bribe Louis into departing. Young Henry had been crowned in a rather makeshift ceremony at Gloucester Cathedral, where the royal family had fled. Because John had lost the crown jewels in the Wash during his Lincoln campaign, Henry was crowned with his mother's own bracelet or torque. Henry was fortunate in having William Marshal as his regent. William was probably the most respected man in England. He was a brave and valiant knight, the epitome of chivalry, and had loyally served HENRY H, RICHARD and John. He vowed to carry the young king head-high on his shoulders rather than submit to French domination. By the time Marshal died in 1219, he had restored law and order to the kingdom. Young Henry was crowned again, this time with new regalia, at Westminster Abbey in May 1220. He was still only twelve, and would not assume authority for another seven years. With the passing of Marshal, Henry became the pawn of two men whose self aggrandisement and poor advice would cause Henry's long reign to be regarded as weak and ineffectual. These men were Hubert de Burgh and Peter des Roches. De Burgh, who became regent after 1219, was an extremely able and talented soldier, and had served under both Richard and John. He continued the struggle against the barons and foiled the plot to capture Henry in 1223. However, de Burgh's actions in France were less successful, with Aquitaine being lost in 1224, though Gascony, the southern part of Aquitaine, was regained the following year.
Henry assumed direct rule in 1227, although Hubert de Burgh remained the chief justiciar until 1232. By then he and Henry had fallen out because Henry needed money to continue his campaigns to recover his territories in France and the royal treasury was almost empty. Henry accused the justiciar of using the money for his own endeavours and de Burgh was imprisoned. The main architect of de Burgh's fall was his rival, Peter des Roches, the bishop of Winchester who, along with Stephen Segrave, now become the equivalent of prime ministers in England. Des Roches was from Poitou, which was no longer in English hands, thus the barons became unsettled when des Roches filled most of the offices of his state with his fellow Poitevins. England was coming under foreign rule. Edmund Rich, the archbishop of Canterbury, along with William Marshal's son, Richard (who had been declared a traitor because of his opposition to des Roches's government) led a delegation of barons to entreat Henry to expell the Poitevins. Henry capitulated in 1234. He not only expelled the Poitevins, but dismissed Roches and Segrave and took full government, into his own hands. Henry had come to realise that he ignored the authority and power of his barons at his peril. Even though Henry had reaffirmed the terms of the Magna Carta, he did not particularly abide by them. He was essentially thoughtless in his views of the barons, and rather than follow their counsel he began to fill his court with others, mostly from France. This process was accelerated after Henry's marriage to Eleanor, the daughter of Raymond Berenger, count of Provence, in January 1236 and the marriage of Eleanor's sister, Margaret, to Louis IX, the king of France. Although this further angered the English barons it had a remarkable effect upon English culture. France was at this time at the height of literary and architectural art. French literature, especially the chansons and romances des gestes, spilled over into England, and the many chivalric romances, including those which built the stories of king ARTHUR and his knights, came into their final form during Henry's reign. It also saw a massive increase in the building and restoration of churches, castles and other religious houses in the Gothic art form. Many of our great historic castles date in their existing form from this period. This includes Westminster Abbey which was sumptuously restored and improved for the coronation of Eleanor of Provence in 1236.
The seeds of discontent that grew between Henry and his barons were now firmly sown and regularly watered. Not only did Henry fail to recognize the rights and privileges of the barons, turning instead to his own court favourites for their counsel and advice and showering them with honours, but he continued to place onerous tax obligations upon his barons, including the infamous scutage. The barons might have tolerated the latter had the money gone toward successful military campaigns, but this did not happen. Although Henry was not a good soldier, having lost most of his lands in France, he was a good negotiator. He established a strong alliance with Scotland in 1237 under the Treaty of York, which more or less established the existing boundary between England and Scotland; whilst the Treaty of Woodstock in 1247 established a similar arrangement with the Welsh princes. The reduction in border skirmishes meant that the marcher lords and northern barons could turn their attentions again to matters of state, and they did not like what they saw. In 1250 Henry took the Cross, determined to undertake a Crusade. This may have been a diversionary tactic to raise the spirit of his nobles. It did not work, however, because Henry never did embark upon his Crusade. Instead, influenced by the pope, he used the money raised for the Crusade to support the pope in his battle against Manfred, the usurping king of Sicily. In return the pope nominated Henry's young son, Edmund (known as Crouchback because of his deformity), as the king of Sicily, in 1254. The enterprise was, however, doomed and the pope eventually deprived Edmund of the title and bestowed it upon Charles of Anjou, Henry's brother-in-law, in 1266. In the meantime Henry had concluded the Treaty of Paris in 1259 with Louis IX of France, whereby he renounced his rights in Normandy, Maine and Anjou, but retained Gascony as a fiefdom subject to Louis. As with his father, Henry was perceived by the barons as an inept king who taxed them to the hilt, ignored their counsel, and wasted resources on unsuccessful foreign campaigns. The Sicilian campaign was the final straw. Opposition to Henry was voiced first by the Marshal of England, Roger Bigod, earl of Norfolk, at the Council of Westminster in 1258, which was followed rapidly by what became called the Mad Parliament at Oxford. There Henry was forced to acknowledge a new charter known as the Provisions of Oxford, where he grudgingly agreed that the barons were allowed to select one half of the King's council, instead of the King having absolute discretion. Amongst these barons was Simon de Montfort, Henry's brother-in-law, with whom Henry's relationship had soured over the years. Simon was almost as high-handed and authoritarian as Henry, having caused an uprising in Gascony during his governorship. In 1260, when Henry returned from concluding the Treaty of Paris, he denounced de Montfort and overturned the Provisions of Oxford, obtaining papal support for his actions. The events of fifty years earlier repeated themselves and England slid into the abyss of civil war. Arbitration over the application of the provisions was made by Louis of France, who found in favour of the king in 1264. Hostilities broke out in April. The baronial army was supported by the Welsh princes under LLYWELYN AP GRUFFYDD. Henry's supporters were initially successful, capturing Simon de Montfort's son (also called Simon) at Northampton in April 1264, but the elder de Montfort fought back and, in the Battle of Lewes on 14 May, defeated and captured Henry. The king was forced to call a parliament at which he acknowledged the barons' demands. During the course of the next year the barons, under de Montfort, succeeded in gaining the king's assent to most of their proposals. However, in July 1265, Henry's son, Edward (later EDWARD 1), escaped from custody and raised an army against de Montfort. At the ensuing battle of Evesham on 4 August 1265, de Montfort and his supporters were savagely defeated and Henry returned to power. He now overturned all of the acts forced upon him by the barons in the previous year and decreed grievous punishments against the barons and others who had sided with the revolution. Having exacted his revenge Henry became more conciliatory, granting certain privileges to the barons under the Treaty of Marlborough in 1267, and also recognizing Llywelyn as prince of Wales under the Treaty of Montgomery that same year. Henry retained his executive role and it would not be true to say that he granted the first parliament as we know it today. Nevertheless, the concessions of his final years went some way toward establishing a council of peers.
Now aged sixty, Henry began to suffer from approaching senility. He left much of the government to his son Edward and devoted his time to his pursuit of the arts, including completing the rebuilding of Westminster Abbey, which remains the greatest legacy of his day. He was apparently grief stricken at the death of his brother Richard in April 1272, and dementia overcame him. He died seven months later. He had been king for a remarkable fifty-six years, the longest reign of any English monarch up to that time, although ten of those years were in his minority. Despite that length of reign, Henry III is rather a forgotten king. More people are more likely to recognize the name Simon de Montfort and know of his rebellion than to know anything about Henry III. This serves to demonstrate the weakness of Henry's character and his inability to govern strongly, but he was not all bad. He believed in his absolute right to rule, and was unsympathetic to his barons, but he was pious, loving (a devoted family man) and preferred to seek peace wherever possible rather than wage war. Although that may have damned him in the eyes of his barons, it encouraged a remarkable flowering of art and culture in England which was his true legacy.
Under his son, Edward I, the power of England grew to dominate the whole of Britain. between 18 October 1216 and 16 November 1272.^12,22,7,17

     Joan (Joanna) (?) Princess of England was born on 22 July 1210 at Gloucester, Gloucestershire, England.^5,1 She married Alexander II "the Peaceful" (?) King of Scotland, son of William I "The Lion" (?) Earl of Northumberland, King of Scotland and Ermengarde de Beaumont, on 19 June 1221 at York, Westminster, co. Middlesex, England,
; his 1st wife.^6,7,8,9,10,1
Joan (Joanna) (?) Princess of England was buried circa 1238 at Tarrant Keynston, Dorsetshire, England.^6,1
Joan (Joanna) (?) Princess of England died on 5 March 1238 at London, City of London, Greater London, England, at age 27.^11,5

     Isabelle (?) of England was born in 1214 at Gloucester, Gloucestershire, England.^2,7,4,5 She married Friedrich II/IV Roger (?) Holy Roman Emperor, King of Jerusalem, son of Heinrich VI Von Hohenstaufen Holy Roman Emperor, King of Sicily and Constance de Hauteville Queen of Sicily, on 20 July 1235 at Worms Cathedral, Worms, Germany (now),
;
His 3rd wife. Med Lands says "m thirdly (Betrothed London Feb 1235, Worms Cathedral 15 or 20 Jul 1235.)^{7,8,9,2,10,11,4,5}"
Isabelle (?) of England died on 1 December 1241 at Foggia, Provincia di Foggia, Puglia, Italy; died in childbirth.^2,7,4,5
Isabelle (?) of England was buried after 1 December 1241 at Cattedrale di Santa Maria Assunta di Andria, Andria, Provincia di Barletta - Andria - Trani, Puglia, Italy; From Find A Grave:
     BIRTH     1214, Gloucester, City of Gloucester, Gloucestershire, England
     DEATH     1 Dec 1241 (aged 26–27), Foggia, Provincia di Foggia, Puglia, Italy
     German and Sicilian Monarch. Queen consort of Friedrich II. Daughter of John I. of England and Isabella of Angouleme. In July 1235 she became the third wife of Emperor Friedrich. In 1236 she gave birth to her first child Margarethe, who was later married to Albrecht of Thuringia. In the following years she gave birth to two more sons. The first, Heinrich succeeded his father Sicily and the second, Friedrich, died young. She died in Foggia while giving birth to her fourth child. Bio by: Lutetia
     Family Members
     Parents
          John I 1166–1216
          Isabella of Angoulême 1188–1246
     Spouse
          Frederic Emperor of Holy Roman Von Hohenstaufen 1194–1250
     Siblings
          Joan of Wales 1188–1237
          Joan of Wales 1188–1237
          Henry III 1207–1272
          Henry III Plantagenet 1207–1272
          Richard of Cornwall 1209–1272
          Joan Plantagenet 1210–1238
          Eleanor Plantagenet 1215–1275
     Half Siblings
          Isabeau de La Marche unknown–1300
          Richard FitzRoy 1185–1246
          Hugh Lusignan 1220–1250
          Alice De Lusignan De Warenne 1229–1256
          William de Valence 1230–1296
     BURIAL     Cattedrale di Santa Maria Assunta di Andria, Andria, Provincia di Barletta - Andria - Trani, Puglia, Italy
     Maintained by: Find a Grave
     Originally Created by: Lutetia
     Added: 24 Apr 2004
     Find a Grave Memorial 8673125.¹²
     Reference: Genealogics cites:

; On Jan 19, 5:52 pm, Douglas Richardson wrote:
> > Dear Newsgroup ~
> >
> > The historian, Mary Anne Everett Green, presents an interesting and
> > well researched biography of King John's daughter, Isabel of England,
> > in her book, Lives of the Princesses of England, 2 (1857): 1-48. This
> > biography is available online at the following weblink:
> >
> > http://books.google.com/books?id=7N4KAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=...
> >
> > Isabel of England married in 1235 at Worms to Emperor Frederick II.
> > Green states that Isabel gave birth to four children in all, which are
> > listed below. The online database, www.mittelalter-genealogie.de,
> > however, only lists two children for Isabel, namely Heinrich and
> > Margaretha. Other sources list still other children, including a son,
> > Friedrich. The only thing on which modern sources seem to agree is
> > that only two children that survived Isabel and Frederick, namely one
> > son, Heinrich, born in 1238, and one daughter, Margaretha.
> >
> > Here is the list of Isabel of England's children as provided by Mary
> > Anne Everett Green, with her sources noted:
> >
> > 1. Jordan (son), born at Ravenna in early 1236; died as an infant the
> > same year. Green, Lives of the Princesses of England 2 (1857): 30,
> > footnote 2 (citing Agostino Inveges Annali della felice Città di
> > Palermo (1649): 588; Rocchus Pirrus Chronologia Regum Siciliæ
> > Graevius, vol. v., col. 48; Raumer Geschichte der Hohenstaufen, vol.
> > iii., p. 703, note).
> >
> > Note: Another source agrees with Green regarding the existence of this
> > child is Gregorovius, History of the City of Rome in the Middle Ages
> > 5(1) (1906): 273, footnote 2.
> >
> > 2. Agnes (daughter), born in Feb. 1237. She died soon afterwards.
> > Green Lives of the Princesses of England 2 (1857): 34, footnote 1
> > (citing Agostino Inveges Annali della felice Città di Palermo (1649):
> > 589; Epistolæ Petri de Vincis, book iii., No. 71; Rocchus Pirrus
> > Chronologia Regum SiciliæGraevius, vol. v., col. 48).
> >
> > 3. Heinrich, born 18 Feb. 1238. He was appointed Regent of Sicily
> > during his father's absence in Italy. He was a legatee in the 1250
> > will of his father, who bequeathed him either the kingdom of Arles or
> > Jerusalem, as his older half-brother, Conrad, might prefer. Henry
> > died in Dec. 1253-Jan. 1254. Green, Lives of the Princesses of
> > England 2 (1857): 34, footnotes 4, 5 (citing Paris, vol. ii., p. 455;
> > Epistolæ Petri de Vincis Letters, book iii., No. 70; Rocchus Pirrus
> > Chronologia Regum Siciliæ Graevius, vol. v., col. 48), 46, footnote 2.
> >
> > For additional references for Heinrich, see: Kingston, History of
> > Frederick the Second, Emperor of the Romans 1 (1862): 477; 2 (1862):
> > 62, 438, 471, 501, 505-507; Gregorovius, History of the City of Rome
> > in the Middle Ages 5(1) (1906): 273.
> >
> > 4. Margaretha (daughter), born at Foggia 1 Dec 1241. She married in
> > 1254/5 (by contract dated 1245) (as his 1st wife) Albrecht II,
> > Margrave of Meissen, Landgrave of Thüringia. She died at Frankfurt 8
> > August 1270, and was buried in Frankfurt. Green, Lives of the
> > Princesses of England 2 (1857): 46, footnote 3 (citing Tentzel vita
> > Fred. II; Menckenius Rer. Germ. Script. Ant., vol. ii., col. 897),
> > 46, footnote 4 (citing "The 16th letter in the 5th book of De Vinea's
> > Epistles" for the marriage of Margaretha and Albrecht).
> >
> > For additional references for Margaretha, see: Pertz, Annales aevi
> > Suevici (Monumenta Germaniæ Historica, Scriptores 16) (1859): 44
> > (Annales Veterocellenses sub A.D. 1270: "Margareta nobilis domina
> > lantgravia Thuringie, filia Friderici imperatoris, fugit die sancti
> > Iohannis baptiste; obiitque 6. Idus Augusti [8 August] eodem
> > anno.");Kingston, History of Frederick the Second, Emperor of the
> > Romans 1 (1862): 477; 2 (1862): 62, 347, 426-427. Online resources:
> > http://www.mittelalter-genealogie.de/mittelalter/staufer/familie_kaiser_frie...
> > http:// genealogy.euweb.cz/wettin/wettin2.html#AD.
> >
> > + + + + + + + + + + + + +
> >
> > Further comments:
> >
> > The historian Kingston cited above, 2 (1962): 426 states that
> > Margaretha, daughter of Emperor Frederick II and Isabel, was first
> > betrothed to the nephew of the deceased Thuringian king. "After the
> > death of her intended bridegroom, she had been sent to the margrave of
> > Meissen, one of the richest Princes in Germany owing to his silver
> > mines, to be to married his son Albert, who was then but four years
> > old." This information may be found at the following weblink:
> >
> > http://books.google.com/books?id=E2Ypo2xIUFsC&printsec=frontcover&dq=...
> >
> > While this may all be true, if so, Margaretha can not have been born
> > in 1241 as claimed by Green. This is proven by the published Annales
> > Sancti Pantaleonis Coloniensis which records that Hermann, Landgrave
> > of Thüringia, repudiated an unnamed daughter of Emperor Frrederick II
> > sometime before his death in 1241 Reference: Pertz, Historici
> > Germaniae saec. XII. (Monumenta Germaniæ Historica, Scriptores 22)
> > (1872): 536 (Annales Sancti Pantaleonis Coloniensis sub A.D. 1241:
> > "Ipso anno Hermannus landgravius filius sancte Elysabeth, obiit, qui,
> > repudiata filia imperatoris sibi desponsata, filia ducis de Brunswich
> > duxerat n uxorem."). Assuming that Kingston is correct that Hermann
> > was contracted to marry Margaretha, she can not have been born in
> > 1241, as Hermann died in that year, he already having married someone
> > else. However, since Hermann's contracted spouse is not named in the
> > record, it is possible that his contracted spouse who was actually
> > Margaretha's older sister, Agnes, assuming Agnes really existed as
> > stated by Green. Quite possibly, the correct solution is that the
> > female child born in 1237 was actually Margaretha, and that Agnes does
> > not exist.
> >
> > When replying, please cite your sources if you have any, and provide
> > your weblinks. Thank you.
> >
> > Best always, Douglas Richardson, Salt Lake City, Utah

'Genealogics' gives "about Feb 1237" as the date of Margaretha's birth
while Wikipedia gives "1 Dec 1241". As a daughter of Emperor Frederick
II (Stupor Mundi) she was a Hohenstaufen princess. Here's a lineage
from Margaretha and her mother Princess Isabella to the present
British royal family:

King John of England ( d. 1216) father of:
Princess Isabella (b.1214) mother of:
Princess Margaretha von Hohenstaufen (b. 1237/1241) mother of:
Agnes von Meissen, mother of:
Duchess Mechtild of Brunswick, mother of"
Sophie von Werle, mother of:
Elisabeth von Pommern-Wolgast, mother of:
Duke Johann IV of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (b.1365) father of:
Duke Heinrich IV of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (b.1417) father of:
Duke Magnus II of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (b.1441) father of:
Duke Heinrich V of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (b.1479) father of:
Duchess Sophie (b.1508) mother of:
Duke Wilhelm of Brunswick-Luneburg (B.1535) father of:
Duke Georg of Brunswick-Luneburg (b.1582) father of:
Duke Ernst-August of Hannover (b.1629) father of:
King George I of Great Britain (b.1660 d. 1727) from whom the
subsequent British royal family descends.

-------------------------------
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; Per Genealogics:
     “Isabella was born in 1214, the daughter of John, king of England, and Isabella d'Angoulême. At a friendly meeting at Rieti, Pope Gregory suggested to Emperor Friedrich II that he marry Isabella, as she was a sister of King Henry III of England. At first Friedrich II was concerned to lose his French allies, but he agreed when he realised that an English marriage would end English support for his opponents.
     “The beautiful Isabella was about twenty-one when she set out to marry the twice-widowed Emperor Friedrich II, who was forty. On her way through Cologne, she delighted the local women when she removed the traditionally worn veil so that they could see her face. She also brought a considerable dowry with her.
     “As soon as she was married she was introduced to the secluded harem life attended by black eunuchs. The marriage was consummated the day after the marriage ceremony. Although their marriage had been a political match, it still seemed cruel when she was allowed to keep only two of her English women-attendants; the others were sent home. As with all women in the thirteenth century, it was clear to Isabella that her only function in life was to produce children to secure the succession. In all she gave birth to four children but only two survived her, of whom only her daughter Margarethe would have progeny.
     “Isabella lived in retirement at Noventa where her husband regularly visited her. When her brother Richard, Earl of Cornwall, returned from the crusades he was allowed to visit her, although Isabella was not allowed to be present at the official reception. While the imperial court resided at Foggia, Isabella gave birth to her last child and died on 1 December 1241. She was only twenty-seven years old and was buried in the Cathedral of Andria.”.⁴

; ISABEL OF ENGLAND, born 1214, died at Foggia 1 Dec. 1241; married at Worms 20 July 1235, Kaiser FRIEDRICH II.⁷

; Per Genealogy.EU (Anjou 3): “B4. [2m.] Isabella, *1214, +Foggia 1.12.1241; m.Worms 20.7.1235 Emperor Friedrich II (*26.12.1194, +13.12.1250)”.¹⁴

; This is the same person as ”Isabella of England” at Wikipedia.¹⁵

Reference: Per Med Lands:
     "ISABELLA of England (1214-Foggia near Naples 1 Dec 1241, bur Bari). Matthew Paris records her marriage, specifying that she was the sister of King Henry III[607]. The Annals of Dunstable record that “Fredericus imperator Alemanniæ” married “Ysabellam filiam Johannis regis Angliæ” in 1235, her dowry being 30,000 marcs of silver[608]. The Annales Erphordenses record the marriage "1235 XVII Kal Aug" at Worms of "sororem Regis Anglie" and the emperor[609]. Her marriage was arranged by her future husband to drive a wedge between England and the Welf faction in Germany, long time allies[610]. She was granted the castle of Monte Sant'Angelo by her husband on her marriage, and crowned empress 20 Jul 1235 at Worms Cathedral. After her marriage, her husband confined her to one of his castles in Sicily where she was guarded by eunuchs. The Annales Londonienses record the death in 1241 of "Isabella imperatrix, soror regis Angliæ"[611]. The Annals of Tewkesbury record the death “circa festum sancti Nicholai” in 1241 of “Johanna imperatrix” and her burial “apud Barensem urbem”[612]. She died in childbirth[613].
     "m (Betrothed London Feb 1235, Worms Cathedral 15 or 20 Jul 1235) as his third wife, Emperor FRIEDRICH II, son of Emperor HEINRICH VI & his wife Constanza of Sicily (Iesi, Ancona 26 Dec 1194-Castel Fiorentino near Lucera, Foggia 13 Dec 1250, bur 25 Feb 1251 Palermo cathedral)."
Med Lands cites:

[607] Matthew Paris, Vol. III, 1235, p. 319, betrothal agreed "tertio kalendas Martio", and p. 324.
[608] Annales de Dunstaplia, p. 142.
[609] Annales Erphordenses 1235, MGH SS XVI, p. 30.
[610] Bayley (1949), p. 57.
[611] Annales Londonienses, p. 38.
[612] Annales de Theokesberia, p. 122.
[613] Matthew Paris, Vol. IV, 1241, p. 175.⁵

; Per Genealogy.EU (Hohenstaufen): “F1. Friedrich II Roger, King of Germany (1197-1250), King Two Sicilies (1198-1250), Duke of Swabia (1212-16) =Friedrich IV, Emperor from 1220, cr in Roma, *Iesi 26.12.1194, +Castel Fiorentino 13.12.1250; 1m: Messina 1209 Constance d'Aragon (*1179 +Catania 1222); 2m: Brindisi 1225 Isabelle II de Brienne, Queen of Jerusalem (*1211 +Andria 1228); 3m: Worms 20.7.1235 Isabelle Plantagenet (*1214 +1.12.1241)”.¹⁶
; Per Med Lands:
     "KONSTANTIN ROGER FRIEDRICH von Staufen, son of Emperor HEINRICH VI & his wife Constance of Sicily (Iesi, Ancona 26 Dec 1194-Castel Fiorentino near Lucera, Foggia, 13 Dec 1250, bur 25 Feb 1251 Palermo Cathedral). He was elected as king of Germany at Wurzburg 25 Dec 1196. He succeeded his father in 1197 as FEDERIGO I King of Sicily, under the regency of his mother, crowned 17 May 1198 at Palermo cathedral. He declared himself of age 26 Dec 1208. Emperor Otto IV invaded Naples, became master of continental Sicily by 1211 and was preparing to invade the island of Sicily with Pisan support, when Friedrich was again elected as FRIEDRICH II King of Germany 5 Dec 1212 at Frankfurt-am-Main, crowned at Mainz 9 Dec 1212 and at Aachen 25 Jul 1215. He was crowned as Emperor FRIEDRICH II in Rome 22 Nov 1220. He declared himself FRIEDRICH King of Jerusalem at Brindisi 9 Nov 1225. He replaced Eudes de Montbéliard as regent of Jerusalem by Thomas of Aquino Count of Acerra in 1226[627]. He sailed from Brindisi 8 Sep 1227 for Jerusalem but fell ill at Otranto, where Ludwig IV Landgraf of Thuringia had been put ashore due to sickness, and postponed his journey while recuperating[628]. He embarked again at Brindisi 28 Jun 1228, although his second wife had meanwhile died which put in doubt his right to the kingdom of Jerusalem, and landed in Cyprus in Jul 1228[629]. He left Cyprus for Acre 3 Sep 1228, and after lengthy negotiations signed a ten year peace treaty with Sultan al-Kamil 18 Feb 1229 under which the city of Jerusalem was returned to the kingdom of Jerusalem[630]. He made his ceremonial entry to Jerusalem 17 Mar 1229, and crowned himself king the next day in the Church of the Holy Sepulchre, before sailing back to Europe from Acre 1 May 1229 after appointing Eudes de Montbéliard as Constable of Jerusalem and Balian of Sidon and Garnier the German as baillies. He landed at Brindisi 10 Jun 1229[631]. Friedrich was excommunicated and deposed as emperor 17 Jul 1245 by Pope Innocent IV. He died from dysentery. His death is recorded by Matthew Paris, who specifies the date but not the place and gives details of his testament[632]. The Historia Sicula of Bartolomeo di Neocastro records the death in Dec 1250 "in festo beate Lucie virginis" of "dominus Fridericus secundus…Romanorum…imperator" and his burial "in majori ecclesia Panormitana"[633].
     "m firstly (Messina 5 or 15 Aug 1209 or Palermo 19 Aug 1209) as her second husband, Infanta doña CONSTANZA de Aragón, widow of IMRE King of Hungary, daughter of don ALFONSO II “el Casto” King of Aragon & his wife Infanta doña Sancha de Castilla (1179-Catania 23 Jun 1222, bur Palermo Cathedral). The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "Constantia regina" as wife of "Hemericus filius [regis Hungarie Bela]", specifying that she later married "Frederico imperatori"[634]. The Crónica de San Juan de la Peña records that Pedro II King of Aragon arranged the marriage of his sister Constanza to "Fredrico Rey de Sicilia"[635]. The Historia Sicula of Bartolomeo di Neocastro names "Constancia soror…Iacobi regis Aragonum" as the first wife of "dominus Fridericus secundus…Romanorum…imperator"[636]. The Continuatio Admuntensis records that she took her son to Vienna and that, after his death, Leopold Duke of Austria arranged her repatriation to "fratri suo Hyspaniarum regi"[637]. The Ryccardus de Sancti Germano Chronica records the marriage in 1209 of "Fredericus rex Sicilie" and "Constantiam sororem regis Arragonum"[638]. The Continuatio Claustroneoburgensis records the marriage of "Fridericus rex Apulie" and "filiam regis Arragonis, relictam regis Ungarie"[639]. She was named regent of Sicily by her husband in 1212 during his absence in Germany, until 1220. She was crowned as empress at Rome with her husband 22 Nov 1220[640]. The monk Conrad´s Brevis Chronica records the death "apud Cataniam" in 1222 of "domina Constantia imperatrix…prima uxor Frederici imperatoris"[641].
     "m secondly (by proxy Acre Aug 1225, Brindisi Cathedral 9 Nov 1225) ISABELLE [Yolande] de Brienne Queen of Jerusalem, daughter of JEAN de Brienne King of Jerusalem & his first wife Maria di Monferrato Queen of Jerusalem (1211-Andria, Bari 25 Apr or 5 May 1228, bur Bari cathedral). The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "rex Iohannes filiam suam Ysabel", records her marriage to "imperatori Frederici" and specifies that her husband thereby became king of Jerusalem[642]. According to Runciman[643], she was named Yolande in "western chronicles" but these have not yet been identified. The monk Conrad´s Brevis Chronica records the marriage in 1225 of "imperator" and "filiam regis Joannis…Isabellam" as his second wife, her death in 1227, and the birth of "Rex Conradus filius eius"[644]. She was crowned ISABELLE Queen of Jerusalem at Tyre days after her marriage by proxy, and sailed from Acre in [Aug/Sep] 1225 for her marriage[645]. After her marriage, her husband kept her secluded in his harem at Palermo[646]. She died in childbirth.
     "m thirdly (Betrothed London Feb 1235, Worms Cathedral 15 or 20 Jul 1235) ISABELLA of England, daughter of JOHN King of England & his second wife Isabelle Ctss d'Angoulême (1214-Foggia near Naples 1 Dec 1241, bur Bari). Matthew Paris records her marriage, specifying that she was the sister of King Henry III[647]. The Annals of Dunstable record that “Fredericus imperator Alemanniæ” married “Ysabellam filiam Johannis regis Angliæ” in 1235, her dowry being 30,000 marcs of silver[648]. The Annales Erphordenses record the marriage "1235 XVII Kal Aug" at Worms of "sororem Regis Anglie" and the emperor[649]. Her marriage was arranged by her future husband to drive a wedge between England and the Welf faction in Germany, who were long time allies[650]. She was granted the castle of Monte Sant'Angelo by her husband on her marriage, and was crowned empress 20 Jul 1235 at Worms Cathedral. After her marriage, her husband confined her to one of his castles in Sicily where she was guarded by eunuchs. The Annales Londonienses record the death in 1241 of "Isabella imperatrix, soror regis Angliæ"[651]. The Annals of Tewkesbury record the death “circa festum sancti Nicholai” in 1241 of “Johanna imperatrix” and her burial “apud Barensem urbem”[652]. She died in childbirth[653].
     "Mistress (1): --- . The Thomas Tusci Gesta Imperatorum et Pontificum refers to the mother of "Fredericus" as "nobili comitissa quo in regno Sicilie erat heres"[654] but Emperor Friedrich's first mistress has not been identified more precisely.
     "Mistress (2): [ADELHEID von Urslingen, daughter of ---]. William of Tyre (Continuator) records that the mother of "Ens" was "une haute dame d'Alemaigne"[655]. The Thomas Tusci Gesta Imperatorum et Pontificum refers to "Hentius filius Frederici…ex matre infami et ignobili…[et] Theotonica"[656]. Benoist-Méchin says that "on a certaines raisons de croire" that the mother of Enzio was "Adélaïde d´Urslingen, de la Maison de Spolète" but cites no source and does not explain further what these reasons might be[657].
     "[Mistress (3): RUTHINA von Beilstein-Wolfsölden, wife of GOTTFRIED [II] Graf von Löwenstein [Calw], daughter of [BERTHOLD Graf von Beilstein & his wife Adelheid von Bonfeld]. According to Europäische Stammtafeln[658], she was the mistress of Emperor Friedrich II, but the primary source on which this is based has not yet been identified. The source does not state if she was the mother of any children by the emperor.]
     "Mistress (4): ---. Benoist-Méchin says that the mother of the emperor´s daughter Katharina was "une femme appartenant à la lignée des ducs de Spolète" but cites no corresponding source[659]. There may be some confusion with the alleged mother of Enzio who, according to the same source, was "de la Maison de Spolète" (see above).
     "[Mistress (5): ---. No indication has been found of the identity of the mother of the emperor´s supposed son Heinrich.]
     "Mistress (6): MARIA [Matilda], from Antioch. The Thomas Tusci Gesta Imperatorum et Pontificum refers to the mother of "Fredericus qui de Antiochia" as "Antiocha dicta"[660]. The primary source which specifies her name has not yet been identified. The Historia Sicula of Bartolomeo di Neocastro names "Beatrix filia principis Antiochie" as the fourth wife of "dominus Fridericus secundus…Romanorum…imperator"[661]. Zurita, presumably basing himself on the same source, also names “Beatriz...hija del Principe de Antioch” as the mother of “Federico de Antiochia”[662]. The basis for the name Beatrix in these two sources is not known. It is extremely improbable that she was the daughter of the then titular prince of Antioch, who would presumably have been Bohémond IV (see the document ANTIOCH). No record has been found of her descendants claiming the title after the extinction in the male line of the princely family of Antioch.
     "Mistress (7): ---. Her name is not known.
     "Mistress (8): [MANNA, niece of --- Archbishop of Messina, daughter of ---. Benoist-Méchin says that the mother of Riccardo Conte di Chieti was "semble-t-il, le fils de Manna, une nièce de l´archévêque de Messine" but cites no corresponding source[663].]
     "Mistress (9): ---. Her name is not known.
     "Mistress (10): ---. Her name is not known.
     "Mistress (11): ---. Her name is not known.
     "Mistress (12): BIANCA Lancia, daughter of MANFREDO [II] Lancia Marchese di Busca & his wife Bianca "Maletta" --- (-[1233/34]). The Historia Sicula of Bartolomeo di Neocastro names "domina Blanca…de Lancea de Lombardia" as the fifth wife of "dominus Fridericus secundus…Romanorum…imperator"[664]. The Thomas Tusci Gesta Imperatorum et Pontificum refers to the mother of "Manfredus" as "sorore marchionis Lancee…filia domne Blanca"[665]. A "confirmatio matrimonii in articulo mortis" in [1233/34] is recorded by Matthew Paris, in the form of a declaration of her son Manfred[666]. The Cronica Fratris Salimbene de Adam refers to the mother of "Manfredus…filius Friderici" as "marchionis Lancee neptis", specifying that she married the Emperor "in obitu"[667]."
Med Lands cites:

[627] Runciman (1978), Vol. 3, p. 179.
[628] Runciman (1978), Vol. 3, p. 178.
[629] Runciman (1978), Vol. 3, pp. 179-81.
[630] Runciman (1978), Vol. 3, pp. 183 and 187.
[631] Runciman (1978), Vol. 3, pp. 188-9.
[632] MP, Vol. V, 1250, pp. 190 and 216.
[633] Bartholomæi de Neocastro Historia Sicula, p. 413.
[634] Chronica Albrici Monachi Trium Fontium 1196, MGH SS XXIII, p. 873.
[635] Ximénez de Embún y Val, T. (ed.) (1876) Historia de la Corona de Aragón: Crónica de San Juan de la Peña: Part aragonesa, XXXIV, p. 136, available at Biblioteca Virtual Miguel de Cervantes (3 Aug 2007).
[636] Bartholomæi de Neocastro Historia Sicula, Re, G. del (ed.) (1868) Cronisti e scrittori sincroni Napoletani, Vol. 2 (Naples), p. 413.
[637] Continuatio Admuntensis 1205, MGH SS IX, p. 591.
[638] Ryccardus de Sancti Germano Chronica 1209, MGH SS XIX, p. 334.
[639] Continuatio Claustroneoburgensis III 1208, MGH SS IX, p. 634.
[640] Runciman (1978), Vol. 3, p. 166.
[641] Epistola fratres Conradi…Panormitana ad episcopum Cathanensem, sive Brevis Chronica 1027-1083, RIS I.2, p. 278.
[642] Chronica Albrici Monachi Trium Fontium 1224, MGH SS XXIII, p. 913.
[643] Runciman (1978), Vol. 3, p. 134 footnote 1.
[644] Epistola fratres Conradi…Panormitana ad episcopum Cathanensem, sive Brevis Chronica 1027-1083, RIS I.2, p. 278.
[645] Runciman (1978), Vol. 3, p. 175.
[646] Runciman (1978), Vol. 3, p. 177.
[647] MP, Vol. III, 1235, p. 319, betrothal agreed "tertio kalendas Martio", and p. 324.
[648] Luard, H. R. (ed.) (1866) Annales Monastici Vol. III, Annales Prioratus de Dunstaplia, Annales Monasterii de Bermundeseia (London), Annales de Dunstaplia, p. 142.
[649] Annales Erphordenses 1235, MGH SS XVI, p. 30.
[650] Bayley (1949), p. 57.
[651] Stubbs, W. (ed.) (1882) Annales Londonienses and Annales Paulini (London), Annales Londonienses, p. 38.
[652] Luard, H. R. (ed.) (1864) Annales Monastici Vol. I, Annales de Margan, Annales de Theokesberia, Annales de Burton (London), Annales de Theokesberia, p. 122.
[653] MP, Vol. IV, 1241, p. 175.
[654] Thomas Tusci Gesta Imperatorum et Pontificum, MGH SS XXII, p. 517.
[655] WTC XXXIII.XLII, p. 409.
[656] Thomas Tusci Gesta Imperatorum et Pontificum, MGH SS XXII, pp. 515 and 517.
[657] Benoist-Méchin, J. (1980) Frédéric de Hohenstaufen ou le rêve excommunié (Librairie Académique Perrin), p. 157.
[658] ES XII 30.
[659] Benoist-Méchin (1980), p. 669, footnote 410.
[660] Thomas Tusci Gesta Imperatorum et Pontificum, MGH SS XXII, p. 517.
[661] Bartholomæi de Neocastro Historia Sicula, p. 414.
[662] Zurita, J. (1669) Anales de la Corona de Aragon (Zaragoza), Tome I, Lib. III, LXIX, p. 188.
[663] Benoist-Méchin (1980), p. 667, footnote 375.
[664] Bartholomæi de Neocastro Historia Sicula, p. 414.
[665] Thomas Tusci Gesta Imperatorum et Pontificum, MGH SS XXII, p. 517.
[666] MP, Vol. V, 1256, p. 572.
[667] Cronica Fratris Salimbene de Adam, Ordinis Minorem, MGH SS XXXII, p. 349.^11,17

     Sir Edward Raleigh Knt. of Farnborough was born circa 1441 at Farnborough, Warwickshire, England; Richardson says b. ca 1442, "of age in 1463."^7,2,3 He married Margaret Verney, daughter of Sir Ralph Verney Knt., Lord Mayor of London and Emme (?), in 1467.^8,1,2,9,3


His estate was probated in 1513.^2,3

Sir Edward Raleigh Knt. of Farnborough died before 6 June 1513.^8,2,3
     He was Sheriff of Warwickshire and Leicestershire.^10,3

; van de Pas cites: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists who came to America bef. 1700, Baltimore, 1995, Weis, Frederick Lewis; Sheppard, Walter, Reference: 18.²

Sir Edward Raleigh Knt. of Farnborough left a will on 20 June 1509.³

     William Raleigh Esq., of Farnborough, co. Warwick was born circa 1420 at Farnborough, Warwickshire, England.^4,3 He married Elizabeth Greene, daughter of Sir Thomas Greene Knt., of Greene's Norton, Northamptonshire and Philippa de Ferrers, circa 1440.^4,5,1,2,6,3

William Raleigh Esq., of Farnborough, co. Warwick died on 15 October 1460.^7,4,2,3
      ; van de Pas cites: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists who came to America bef. 1700, Baltimore, 1995, Weis, Frederick Lewis; Sheppard, Walter, Reference: 18; dates birth/death Dave Utz.³

     Elizabeth Greene married William Raleigh Esq., of Farnborough, co. Warwick, son of John Raleigh of Mollington, Oxfordshire and Idoine Cotesford, circa 1440.^5,6,1,2,3,7

      ; van de Pas cites: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists who came to America bef. 1700, Baltimore, 1995, Weis, Frederick Lewis; Sheppard, Walter, Reference: 18.³

     Sir Thomas Greene Knt., of Greene's Norton, Northamptonshire married Philippa de Ferrers, daughter of Sir Robert de Ferrers Knt., de jure 5th Lord Ferrers of Chartley and Margaret le Despenser, by 16 Dec 1421
; per Racines et Histoires says m ca 29 Oct 1431.^6,7,1,8 Sir Thomas Greene Knt., of Greene's Norton, Northamptonshire was born on 10 February 1399/0 at Norton, Northamptonshire, England.⁹ He married Marine Bellers, daughter of John Bellers and Elizabeth Sutton, before 7 December 1434.

Sir Thomas Greene Knt., of Greene's Norton, Northamptonshire died on 18 January 1461/62 at Norton, Northamptonshire, England, at age 61.⁹
     He was Sheriff of Northamptonshire.¹⁰

; Faris (1999, p. 158): [quote] THOMAS GREENE, Knt., of Greene's Norton and Boughton, co. Northampton, and Nunnington, Stonegrave and Ness, co. York, Sheriff of Northamptonshire, M.P. for Northamptonshire, son and heir, was born at Norton on 10 Feb. 1399/1400. He was married for the first time by 16 Dec. 1421 to PHILIPPE FERRERS, daughter of Robert de Ferrers, Knt., of Chartley, co. Stafford (descendant of King Edward I), by Margaret, daughter of Edward Despenser, Knt., 4th Lord Despenser (descendant of' King Edward I) [see FERRERS 10 for her ancestry]. They had a son and heir Thomas (husband of Maud Throckmorton, and great-grandfather of Katherine Parr, sixth wife of King Henry VIII). He was married for the second time before 7 Dec. 1434 in a clandestine marriage "in the private chapel within the house of Ric. Knyghtley at ffawesley" to MARINE BELLERS, daughter of John Bellers, of Eye Kettleby and Sysonby, co. Leicester, by Elizabeth, daughter and heiress of Anthony Sutton (or Howby), of Hoby, co. Leicester. She was stated to be aged fifty and more in her brother's Inq.p.m., but probably aged sixty) and sister and heiress to John Bellers, Esquire of the King's Chamber (died 27 Jan. 1475/6 s.p.) SIR THOMAS GREENE died 18 Jan. 146 1/2, and was buried at Norton. His widow was married for the second time before 2 Oct. 1471 to Nicholas Griffin, of Braybrook, co. Northampton, Lord Latimer de jure (of Magna Carta Surety descent and descendant of Charlemagne) (died 6 June 1482). She died on 10 Sep. 1489.
Baker 1:32 (1830). VCH Yorks N.R. 1:545-546 (1914). Cal.Pat.Rolls, 1494-1509, (1916), p. 135. C.P. 5:320 chart (1926). C.P. 7:457-458 (1929). Colket (1936), p. 37. VCH Northants 4:77-78 (1937). NEHGR 123: 180-181 (Jan. 1969). Paget (1977) p. 251. TG 24-29 (Spring 1999) (corrections to Baker and Bridges by Neil D. Thompson, with citation to Cal.Inq.p.m., Cal Pat.Rolls, Cal.Fine Rolls, Cal.Ciose Rolls, Cal. Papal Letters, with other published and unpublished records, including the monumental inscription of Thomas Green (1427-1462), son of this Thomas, naming his parents and grandparents). Early Chancery Proceedings 2:202.
Child of Thomas Greene, by Philippe Ferrers:
i.     ELIZABETH GREENE, married WILLIAM RALEIGH [see CHESELDINE 7].1
Child of Thomas Greene, by Marine Bellers:
ii.     ANNE GREENE, married THOMAS PINCHBECK [see LOWE 7].2 [end quote].^11,6 He was Sheriff of Northamptonshire in 1454.¹²

     Philippa de Ferrers married Sir Thomas Greene Knt., of Greene's Norton, Northamptonshire, son of Sir Thomas Greene Knt, of Greene's Norton and Mary Talbot, by 16 Dec 1421
; per Racines et Histoires says m ca 29 Oct 1431.^7,1,4,3
Philippa de Ferrers died on 5 November 1415 at Norton, Northamptonshire, England.⁸
      ; van de Pas cites: 1. The Royal Lineage of Our Noble and Gentle Families, London, 1884, Foster, Joseph, Reference: 36
2. The Lineage and Ancestry of H.R.H. Prince Charles, Prince of Wales, Edinburgh, 1977, Paget, Gerald, Reference: P 53262.³

     Sir Thomas Greene Knt, of Greene's Norton was born circa 1369; Richardson says "aged 22 in 1391/2."^1,2 He married Mary Talbot, daughter of Sir Richard Talbot 4th Lord Talbot de Blackmere and Ankaret le Strange Baroness Strange of Blackmere, before 23 October 1398
; date of deed.^2,4,1
Sir Thomas Greene Knt, of Greene's Norton died on 14 December 1417 at Norton, Northamptonshire, England.^5,1,2
     He was Sheriff of Northamptonshire.^6,2

Sir Thomas Greene Knt, of Greene's Norton lived at Greene's Norton, Northamptonshire, England.⁶

; van de Pas cites: The Lineage and Ancestry of H.R.H. Prince Charles, Prince of Wales, Edinburgh, 1977, Paget, Gerald, Reference: Q 106521.¹

; Faris (1999, pp. 157-158): "MARY TALBOT, was married to THOMAS GREENE, Knt., of Greene's Norton, Boughton, and Hardwick, co. Northampton, Sheriff of Northamptonshire, son of Thomas Greene, Knt., of Boughton and Hardwick, by, it is said, _______, daughter and heiress of John Mablethorp, Knt., of Lincoinshire. He was born in 1369 (aged twenty-two in 1391/2). They had a son and daughter. SIR THOMAS GREENE died on 14 Dec. 1417, seised of lands in nine counties, and was buried at Greene's Norton. His widow was married for the second time, with pardon for marrying without licence dated 14 June 1420, to JOHN NOTYNGHAM. She died on 13 Apr. 1434.
Baker 1:32 (1830). Collins-Brydges (1812) 3:9. Colket (1936), p. 36. VCH Yorks N.R. 1:545-546 (1914). VCH Northants 4:77-78 (1937). Paget (1977), p. 412. TG 13:27 (Spring 1999)."⁷

     Mary Talbot was born in 1382.¹ She married Sir Thomas Greene Knt, of Greene's Norton, son of Sir Thomas Greene Knt., of Boughton and Hardwick, Northamptonshire and Maud (Margery) Mablethorp, before 23 October 1398
; date of deed.^2,1,4 Mary Talbot married John Notyngham on 14 June 1420
; her 2nd husband; date of pardon for marrying without a licesne.^5,2
Mary Talbot died on 13 April 1433 at Norton, Northamptonshire, England.^6,1,2
      ; van de Pas cites: 1. The Lineage and Ancestry of H.R.H. Prince Charles, Prince of Wales, Edinburgh, 1977, Paget, Gerald, Reference: Q 106522
2. Stewards of the Talbot Household , Ross, Barbara.¹

     Sir Richard Talbot 4th Lord Talbot de Blackmere was born circa 1361 at Blackmere, England.^5,3 He married Ankaret le Strange Baroness Strange of Blackmere, daughter of John le Strange 4th Baron Strange of Blackmere and Lady Mary (Isabel) Fitz Alan de Arundel, before 23 August 1383.^6,7,2,3

Sir Richard Talbot 4th Lord Talbot de Blackmere died between 8 September 1396 and 9 September 1396 at London, City of London, Greater London, England.^5,7,2,3
     GKJ-18. He was 4th LORD (Baron) TALBOT.²

; Sir RICHARD TALBOT, 4th LORD (Baron) TALBOT, also 1st LORD (Baron) TALBOT (of Blackmere), so cr by writ of summons (according to later doctrine) vp 3 March 1383/4, seemingly as a fresh creation albeit the territorial designation of the writ was worded as though in right of his w (see SAINT DAVIDS, V); b c 1361; ktd 1377; m by 23 Aug 1383 Ankaret (m 2nd as his 2nd w Thomas Nevill(e), 5th Lord (Baron) Furnivall(e)/Nevill of Halumshire (see ABERGAVENNY, M), and d 1 June 1413), sis and eventually sole heiress of John, 5th Lord (Baron) Strange (of Blackmere), thus becoming according to later doctrine BARONESS STRANGE (of Blackmere) in her own right, and d 8 or 9 Sept 1396.²

; Faris (1999, p. 349): "RICHARD TALBOT, Knt., 4th Lord Talbot, son and heir by first marriage, was born about 1361 (aged twenty-six at father's death). He was married before 23 Aug. 1383 to ANKARET LE STRANGE, Lady Strange of Blackmere, only daughter and eventual sole heiress of John le Strange, 1st Lord Strange of Blackmere, by Isabel (descendant of King Edward I), daughter of Richard Fitz Alan, Knt. She was born in 1361 (aged twenty-two in August 1383) [see CERGEAUX 10 for her ancestry]. They had five sons. He was summoned to Parliament v.p. in consequence of his marriage to the heiress of Strange of Blackmere from 3 Mar. 1383/4 by writs directed Ricardo Talbot de Blakemere. On succeeding his father he was summoned to Parliament on 17 Dec. 1387 by writ directed Ricardo Talbot de Godriche Castell. RICHARD TALBOT, Lord Talbot, died aged about thirty-five at London on 8 or 9 Sep. 1396. His widow was married for the second time between 8 Mar. and 4 July 1401 to THOMAS NEVILLE, Lord Furnival (died 14 Mar. 1406/7 s.p.m.) She died aged fifty-two on 1 June 1413.
Collins-Brydges (1812) 3:8-9. Bulkeley (1933), p. 72 C.P. 12(1):616-617 (1953). Children of Richard Talbot, by Ankaret le Strange:
i.     JOHN TALBOT [see next].
ii.     MARY TALBOT, married THOMAS GREENE [see GREENE 9]."⁸ He was LORD (Baron) TALBOT (of Blackmere), so cr by writ of summons (according to later doctrine) between 3 March 1383 and 1384.²