Person Page - 368

     Edward V (?) King of England was born on 4 November 1470 at Westminster Palace, Westminster, City of Westminster, Greater London, England.^6,7,1
Edward V (?) King of England died in 1483 at Tower of London, London, City of London, Greater London, England; presumed murdered.^6,1
      ; Faris (1999, p. 393) "EDWARD V PLANTAGENET, Duke of Cornwall, Earl of Chester, Prince of Wales, son and heir, born in sanctuary at Westminster on 4 Nov. 1470 while his father was in exile, succeeded father as King of England 9 Apr. 1483, but was deposed by his uncle Richard, Duke of Gloucester, 25 June 1483, before he had been crowned, designated illegitimate by Parliament owing to a contract preceding his parents' marriage between Edward IV and Eleanor Butler; said to have died in the Tower, with his brother Richard. C.P. 8:454 (1932). C.P. 12(2):910-913 (1959) ("whether eventually murdered by Richard III or survived him, to be killed by Henry VII, is a problem which defies a positive solution")."

; Edward V, age 12, the elder son of Edward IV and the tool of the competing ambitions of his paternal uncle, Richard, duke of Gloucester, and his maternal uncle Earl Rivers. Gloucester arrested Rivers, confined Edward and his younger brother in the Tower of London, had the boys declared illegitimate, and assumed the throne as Richard III. The children disappeared, probably murdered. According to a theory promoted by the Tudors after 1485, they were smothered in their sleep on Richard's orders. Their death provoked great public indignation. (In 1674, archaeologists unearthed in the Tower skeletons of two boys age 12 or 13 and 10, the ages of the princes in 1483.)⁸ He was King of England in 1483.⁹

     Richard (?) Duke of York was born on 17 August 1473 at Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England.^6,2,1 He married Anne de Mowbray Baroness Mowbray, Baroness Segrave, daughter of John de Mowbray KG, KB, 10th Lord Mowbray, 11th Lord Segrave and Lady Elizabeth Talbot, on 15 January 1478 at Westminster, London, City of London, Greater London, England.^6,7,2,1

Richard (?) Duke of York died in 1483 at Tower of London, London, City of London, Greater London, England; presumed murdered.^8,2
      ; Faris (1999, pp. 393-394): "RICHARD PLANTAGENET, born at Shrewsbury 17 Aug. 1473, created Duke of York 28 May 1474, said to have been murdered in the Tower with his older brother; married at Westminster 15 Jan. 1478 ANNE MOWBRAY, born 10 Dec. 1472, died shortly before 26 Nov. 1481 s.p., daughter and heiress of John Mowbray, 4th Duke of Norfolk, by Elizabeth, daughter of John Talbot, 1st Earl of Shrewsbury. C.P. 12(2):910-911 (1959). [end quote] He was Duke of York on 28 May 1474.^6,1

     Elizabeth (?) of York, Queen of England was born on 18 January 1465 at Westminster Palace, Westminster, City of Westminster, Greater London, England; Med Lands says b. 11 Feb 1466; Genealogics says b. 11 Feb 1465.^7,8,1,9,5 She married Henry VII (?) King of England, son of Edmund Tudor 1st Earl of Richmond and Margaret Beaufort Countess of Richmond, on 18 January 1486 at Westminster Abbey, Westminster, City of Westminster, Greater London, England.^{10,1,9,5,11,12}

Elizabeth (?) of York, Queen of England died on 11 February 1503 at Tower of London, London, City of London, Greater London, England, at age 38.^13,10,2,1,9
Elizabeth (?) of York, Queen of England was buried after 11 February 1503 at Westminster Abbey, City of Westminster, Greater London, England; From Find A Grave:
     BIRTH     11 Feb 1465, Westminster, City of Westminster, Greater London, England
     DEATH     11 Feb 1503 (aged 38), Richmond, London Borough of Richmond upon Thames, Greater London, England
     English royalty, queen consort of Henry VII. Daughter of Edward IV and Elizabeth Woodville. She married Henry on January 18, 1486 at Westminster, symbolically ending the Wars of the Roses by joining the houses of York and Lancaster under the house of Tudor. Their marriage appears to have been a happy one, and they had 7 children, four of whom survived to adulthood. Elizabeth died at the Tower of London on her 37th birthday. Henry, despite his reputation for thrift, honoured her with a lavish funeral. Bio by: Kristen Conrad
     Family Members
     Parents
      Edward IV 1442–1483
      Elizabeth Woodville 1437–1492
     Spouse
      Henry VII 1457–1509
     Siblings
      Mary Plantagenet 1467–1482
      Cecily Plantagenet Welles 1469–1507
      Edward V 1470–1483
      Margaret Plantagenet 1472–1472
      Anne York Howard 1475–1511
      George Plantagenet 1477–1479
      Katherine Plantagenet Courtenay 1479–1527
      Bridget Plantagenet 1480–1517
     Half Siblings
      Thomas de Grey 1456–1501
      Richard Grey 1459–1483
      Arthur Plantagenet 1460–1542
      Elizabeth Plantagenet Lumley 1464 – unknown
     Children
      Arthur, Prince of Wales 1486–1502
      Margaret Tudor 1489–1541
      Henry VIII 1491–1547
      Elizabeth Tudor 1492–1495
      Mary Rose Tudor 1496–1533
      Edmund Tudor 1499–1500
      Katherine Tudor 1503–1503
     BURIAL     Westminster Abbey, Westminster, City of Westminster, Greater London, England
     PLOT     Next to King Henry VII
     Maintained by: Find A Grave
     Added: 22 Nov 1999
     Find A Grave Memorial 7056.^1,14
     Reference: Genealogics cites:

; Per Genealogics:
     "Elizabeth of York was born on 11 February 1465 at Westminster Palace, daughter of Edward IV, king of England, and Elizabeth Widville. Elizabeth had had no choice when marriages were proposed for her; dutifully she always had to oblige, and always did fulfil her obligations. All her life she was dominated by stronger women: first her grandmother, the old Duchess of York; then her mother, hated so much by the old Duchess of York; and lastly by her mother-in-law, Margaret Beaufort, Countess of Richmond. She may have been cold towards her own mother, but at least she did have a friend in her mother-in-law.
     "By the time of her father's death she had been through the turmoil of a Sanctuary in Westminster and been promised in marriage three times: first to Henry, Earl of Richmond, her future husband; then to Edward, Prince of Wales (son of King Henry VI); and lastly to the French Dauphin.
     "When her uncle, King Richard III, was killed at the battle of Bosworth, the Earl of Richmond became king as Henry VII. Elizabeth's mother, Elizabeth Widville, the Queen Dowager, and the Countess of Richmond had secretly agreed that she would marry Henry VII, which she did several months after his coronation, on 18 January 1486 at Westminster.
     "Seven children were dutifully born but, though faithful, Henry VII was a cold husband and father. The only time they showed feelings publicly was when they consoled each other at the death of their eldest son, Arthur, Prince of Wales. Shortly after, Elizabeth again became pregnant. On 2 February 1503, a daughter, Katherine, was born. However, only nine days later, Elizabeth died and was sincerely mourned by Henry VII."⁹

; This is the same person as ”Elizabeth of York” at Wikipedia.¹⁵

; Per Med Lands:
     "ELIZABETH of York (Palace of Westminster 11 Feb 1466-Tower of London 11 Feb 1503, bur Westminster Abbey). The Annales of William Wyrcester record that “regina Elizabetha” gave birth Feb 1466 to “filiam primogenitam...Elizabetham”[1233]. The Vitellius A XVI Chronicle records the birth 11 Feb [1466] of “Dame Elizabeth pryncesse and first child of kyng Edward”[1234]. A manuscript calendar records the marriage “XV Kal Feb” in 1485 of “King Harry the vii…[and] the queen Elisabeth”[1235]. She was crowned Queen of England 25 Nov 1487 at Westminster Abbey. A manuscript calendar records the death “III Id Feb” in 1502 (O.S.) of “Quene Elisabeth in the towre of london”[1236]. She died in childbirth.
     "m (Westminster Abbey 18 Jan 1486) HENRY Tudor, son of EDMUND Tudor Earl of Richmond & his wife Margaret Beaufort (posthumously Pembroke Castle 28 Jan 1457-Richmond Palace, Surrey 21 Apr 1509, bur Westminster Abbey). Earl of Richmond from birth, deprived of the earldom before 12 Aug 1462. He succeeded in 1485 as HENRY VII King of England, after defeating King Richard III at the battle of Bosworth. Crowned 30 Oct 1485 at Westminster Abbey."
Med Lands cites:

; Per Genealogy.EU (Anjou 7): “D4. Queen Elizabeth of York, *Westminster Palace 11.2.1465, +Tower of London 11.2.1503, bur Westminster Abbey; m.Westminster 18.1.1486 King Henry VII of England (*28.1.1457 +21.4.1509)”


Per Genealogy.EU (Tudor): “B1. King HENRY VII of England (1485-1509), Earl of Richmond, *Pembroke Castle 28.1.1456, +Richmond Palace 21.4.1509, bur Westminster Abbey; m.Westminster Abbey 18.1.1486 Elizabeth of York Plantagenet (*11.2.1466 +11.2.1503)”.^16,17

; Per Med Lands:
     "HENRY Tudor, son of EDMUND Tudor Earl of Richmond & his wife Margaret Beaufort (posthumously Pembroke Castle 28 Jan 1457-Richmond Palace, Surrey 21 Apr 1509, bur Westminster Abbey). A manuscript calendar records the birth “V Kal Feb” in 1456 (O.S.) of “dñi Henrici filii Emundi Comitis Richemondie ac dñe M´garete uxoris sue, filie Johis nup duce Somerset”[1358]. Earl of Richmond from birth, he lived at Pembroke Castle in the care of his uncle Jasper Earl of Pembroke until 30 Sep 1461, when the castle was surrendered to Lords Herbert and Ferrers of Chartley. Deprived of the earldom of Richmond before 12 Aug 1462. After the Lancastrian defeat at Tewkesbury 4 May 1471, he fled with his uncle to Brittany. They sailed to join the uprising against King Richard III in 1483, but were unable to land. Attainted 25 Jan 1484, in his absence. He sailed from Harfleur 1 Aug 1485, landing at Milford Haven. He defeated Richard III at the battle of Bosworth Field 22 Aug 1485 and seized the crown as HENRY VII King of England. Crowned 30 Oct 1485 at Westminster Abbey.
     "m (Westminster Abbey 18 Jan 1486) ELIZABETH of York, daughter of EDWARD IV King of England & his wife Elizabeth Wydeville (Palace of Westminster 11 Feb 1466-Tower of London in childbirth 11 Feb 1503, bur Westminster Abbey). The Annales of William Wyrcester record that “regina Elizabetha” gave birth Feb 1466 to “filiam primogenitam...Elizabetham”[1359]. The Vitellius A XVI Chronicle records the birth 11 Feb [1466] of “Dame Elizabeth pryncesse and first child of kyng Edward”[1360]. A manuscript calendar records the marriage “XV Kal Feb” in 1485 of “King Harry the vii…[and] the queen Elisabeth”[1361]. Crowned Queen 25 Nov 1487 at Westminster Abbey. A manuscript calendar records the death “III Id Feb” in 1502 (O.S.) of “Quene Elisabeth in the towre of london”[1362]. She died in childbirth."
Med Lands cites: She was Queen consort of England between 18 January 1486 and 11 February 1503.¹⁵

     Henry VII (?) King of England was born between 28 January 1456 and 1457 at Pembroke Castle, Pembrokeshire, Wales.^7,8,5,6 He married Elizabeth (?) of York, Queen of England, daughter of Edward IV (?) King of England and Elizabeth Wydeville Queen of England, on 18 January 1486 at Westminster Abbey, Westminster, City of Westminster, Greater London, England.^{7,9,10,11,5,6}

Henry VII (?) King of England died on 21 April 1509 at Sheen Palace, Richmond, England.^7,12,5,6
Henry VII (?) King of England was buried after 21 April 1509 at Westminster Abbey, City of Westminster, Greater London, England; From Find A Grave:
     BIRTH     28 Jan 1457, Pembroke, Pembrokeshire, Wales
     DEATH     21 Apr 1509 (aged 52), Richmond, London Borough of Richmond upon Thames, Greater London, England
     English Monarch. He was the son of Edmund Tudor and Margaret Beaufort, who was a descendant of Edward III. His claim to the throne was tenuous at best, but Henry won the crown by defeating Richard III at Bosworth Field, ending the Wars of the Roses. He was crowned on October 30, 1485. A Lancastrian, he married Elizabeth of York, the daughter of Edward IV, and united the two factions under the House of Tudor. Henry was then left with the herculean tasks of restoring the power of the monarchy, defeating other claimants to the throne, and replenishing the treasury. It can be debated whether he was a great ruler, but he was most certainly a successful one. He founded a new dynasty, strengthened the throne, and refilled the coffers, both of which had been severely damaged by the Wars of the Roses. Henry died at Richmond at the age of 54, leaving a now rich and powerful nation to his son, Henry VIII. Bio by: Kristen Conrad
     Family Members
     Parents
          Edmund Tudor 1430–1456
          Margaret Beaufort 1443–1509
     Spouse
          Elizabeth of York 1465–1503
     Children
          Roland de Vielleville 1474–1535
          Arthur, Prince of Wales 1486–1502
          Margaret Tudor 1489–1541
          Henry VIII 1491–1547
          Elizabeth Tudor 1492–1495
          Mary Tudor 1496–1533
          Edmund Tudor 1499–1500
          Katherine Tudor 1503–1503
     BURIAL     Westminster Abbey, Westminster, City of Westminster, Greater London, England
     Maintained by: Find a Grave
     Added: 31 Dec 2000
     Find a Grave Memorial 1963.¹³
      ; Per Med Lands:
     "ELIZABETH of York (Palace of Westminster 11 Feb 1466-Tower of London 11 Feb 1503, bur Westminster Abbey). The Annales of William Wyrcester record that “regina Elizabetha” gave birth Feb 1466 to “filiam primogenitam...Elizabetham”[1233]. The Vitellius A XVI Chronicle records the birth 11 Feb [1466] of “Dame Elizabeth pryncesse and first child of kyng Edward”[1234]. A manuscript calendar records the marriage “XV Kal Feb” in 1485 of “King Harry the vii…[and] the queen Elisabeth”[1235]. She was crowned Queen of England 25 Nov 1487 at Westminster Abbey. A manuscript calendar records the death “III Id Feb” in 1502 (O.S.) of “Quene Elisabeth in the towre of london”[1236]. She died in childbirth.
     "m (Westminster Abbey 18 Jan 1486) HENRY Tudor, son of EDMUND Tudor Earl of Richmond & his wife Margaret Beaufort (posthumously Pembroke Castle 28 Jan 1457-Richmond Palace, Surrey 21 Apr 1509, bur Westminster Abbey). Earl of Richmond from birth, deprived of the earldom before 12 Aug 1462. He succeeded in 1485 as HENRY VII King of England, after defeating King Richard III at the battle of Bosworth. Crowned 30 Oct 1485 at Westminster Abbey."
Med Lands cites:

; Per Genealogy.EU (Anjou 7): “D4. Queen Elizabeth of York, *Westminster Palace 11.2.1465, +Tower of London 11.2.1503, bur Westminster Abbey; m.Westminster 18.1.1486 King Henry VII of England (*28.1.1457 +21.4.1509)”


Per Genealogy.EU (Tudor): “B1. King HENRY VII of England (1485-1509), Earl of Richmond, *Pembroke Castle 28.1.1456, +Richmond Palace 21.4.1509, bur Westminster Abbey; m.Westminster Abbey 18.1.1486 Elizabeth of York Plantagenet (*11.2.1466 +11.2.1503)”.^14,15

; Per Genealogics:
     “Henry Tudor was born posthumously on 28 January 1457 in Pembroke Castle, the only child of Edmund Tudor, Earl of Richmond and Lady Margaret Beaufort. From 1461 until 1470 he was kept in Yorkist custody, but in 1471 he fled to Brittany after the battle of Tewkesbury, where he had to rely on the support of its Duke to be able to live.
     “Henry had been mentioned as a possible husband for Elizabeth of York, the eldest daughter of King Edward IV. When Richard III had usurped the throne, ideas for this marriage were secretly revived by his mother and Elizabeth Woodville, the widow of Edward IV.
     “Even though the Beauforts, the line of his mother, had been excluded from rights to the throne, Henry Tudor was regarded as the Lancastrian champion after the death of Henry VI and his son. The French assisted him with his invasion and, at the battle of Bosworth on 22 August 1485, Richard III was slain so that Henry Tudor became King Henry VII. He was crowned king on 30 October, emphasizing his right by conquest; and only in 1486 did he marry Elizabeth of York, so combining the Yorkist and Lancastrian causes.
     “Henry VII was cautious in the beginning as peace was disturbed by impostors like Lambert Simnel and Perkin Warbeck. His most trusted servants were his companions from his days in exile. To make himself and his dynasty acceptable, he sought alliances for his children with other monarchs.
     “Henry seemed to have been a quite undemonstrative husband and father, perhaps spending too much time in checking the accounts. In the long run he became suspicious, secretive and miserly. It was a great loss to him and his dynasty when his son, Arthur, Prince of Wales, died and a little over a year later was followed by the death of his wife, Elizabeth of York, whom he sincerely mourned. When Henry VII died, he left a country in peace with a full treasury.
     “Henry VII, king of England, died on 21 April 1509 in Sheen Palace.”.⁵

Reference: Genealogics cites: Burke's Guide to the Royal Family London, 1973.⁵

; This is the same person as ”Henry VII of England” at Wikipedia.¹⁶

; Per Faris [1999:361]:
     "HENRY VII OF ENGLAND, Earl of Richmond, was born posthumously on 28 Jan. 1456/7. He was regarded by the remnants of the Lancastrian party as the hope of Lancaster (though from an illegitimate descent through the Beauforts from John of Gaunt, son of King Edward III) on the extinction of the Royal line of the House of Lancaster. He sought refuge in France and gained the support of King Louis XI. Having raised an army, he landed at Milford Haven in his native Wales in August 1485. He defeated and killed King Richard III at Bosworth Field on 22 Aug. 1485, the last battle of the War of the Roses, was chosen King of England on the battlefield, and was crowned King of England in London on 30 Oct. 1485. Parliament confirmed his accession and he was married at Westminster on 18 Jan. 1486 to ELIZABETH OF YORK (PLANTAGENET), daughter of Edward IV of England (Plantagenet), King of England, by Elizabeth (descendant of Charlemagne), daughter of Richard Wydeville, 1st Earl Rivers [see YORK 6 for her ancestry], thus uniting the opposing houses of Lancaster and York. They had four sons and three daughters. Henry Tudor restored peace and order in England winning the support of the middle classes from which he mainly chose his ministers. The middle classes supported the king in his effort to prevent the nobility from regaining its influence and power, including the right of the nobles to maintain private armies. ELIZABETH OF YORK died at the Tower of London on 11 Feb. 1503. KING HENRY VII OF ENGLAND died at Richmond on 21 Apr. 1509, and was buried at Westminster.
     "Fowicke (1961), pp. 38-39. Paget (1977), p. 29,31-33. Viault, pp. 98-102
     "Children of Henry VII of England, by Elizabeth of York:

; Per Med Lands:
     "HENRY Tudor, son of EDMUND Tudor Earl of Richmond & his wife Margaret Beaufort (posthumously Pembroke Castle 28 Jan 1457-Richmond Palace, Surrey 21 Apr 1509, bur Westminster Abbey). A manuscript calendar records the birth “V Kal Feb” in 1456 (O.S.) of “dñi Henrici filii Emundi Comitis Richemondie ac dñe M´garete uxoris sue, filie Johis nup duce Somerset”[1358]. Earl of Richmond from birth, he lived at Pembroke Castle in the care of his uncle Jasper Earl of Pembroke until 30 Sep 1461, when the castle was surrendered to Lords Herbert and Ferrers of Chartley. Deprived of the earldom of Richmond before 12 Aug 1462. After the Lancastrian defeat at Tewkesbury 4 May 1471, he fled with his uncle to Brittany. They sailed to join the uprising against King Richard III in 1483, but were unable to land. Attainted 25 Jan 1484, in his absence. He sailed from Harfleur 1 Aug 1485, landing at Milford Haven. He defeated Richard III at the battle of Bosworth Field 22 Aug 1485 and seized the crown as HENRY VII King of England. Crowned 30 Oct 1485 at Westminster Abbey.
     "m (Westminster Abbey 18 Jan 1486) ELIZABETH of York, daughter of EDWARD IV King of England & his wife Elizabeth Wydeville (Palace of Westminster 11 Feb 1466-Tower of London in childbirth 11 Feb 1503, bur Westminster Abbey). The Annales of William Wyrcester record that “regina Elizabetha” gave birth Feb 1466 to “filiam primogenitam...Elizabetham”[1359]. The Vitellius A XVI Chronicle records the birth 11 Feb [1466] of “Dame Elizabeth pryncesse and first child of kyng Edward”[1360]. A manuscript calendar records the marriage “XV Kal Feb” in 1485 of “King Harry the vii…[and] the queen Elisabeth”[1361]. Crowned Queen 25 Nov 1487 at Westminster Abbey. A manuscript calendar records the death “III Id Feb” in 1502 (O.S.) of “Quene Elisabeth in the towre of london”[1362]. She died in childbirth."
Med Lands cites: He was King of England, HENRY VII. Henry's first act was to imprison the earl of Warwick, son of the duke of Clarence. His first parliament (1485) confirmed the crown to him and his heirs. Though the traditional medieval checks on the power of the crown were maintained in theory, in practice Henry went a long way toward developing royal powerestablishment of the administrative court later called the Star Chamber (1487), suppression of recalcitrant nobles and livery and maintenance (private armies clothed and supported by nobles and representing a resurgence of feudalism), development of an efficient if arbitrary royal financial system.

1494: STATUTE OF DROGHEDA (Poyning's law): (1) No Irish parliament should be held without the consent of the king of England. (2) No bill could be brought forward in an Irish parliament without his consent. (3) All recent laws enacted in the English parliament should hold in Ireland.

1496: Percy Warbeck, a Fleming, and James IV of Scotland invaded England. In 1497 a formidable insurrection broke out in Cornwall on occasion of an imposition of a tax by parliament. It was suppressed by the defeat at Blackheath (June 22, 1497), and the leaders executed (Flammock). Peace with Scotland (Sept. 1497). Warbeck was soon taken and imprisoned in the Tower.

Intercursus magnus, commercial treaty with Netherlands, granted mutual privileges to English and Flemings and provided fixed duties. Support of the wool trade; taxes on that trade augmented Henry's treasury and made him financially independent of parliament. between 1485 and 1509.¹⁷ He Crowned.⁷ He was Knight of the Habsburg Order of the Golden Fleece in 1491.⁵

     Gytha Thorkelsdóttir (?) of Denmark was born circa 1000.¹⁰ She married Godwine (?) Earl of Wessex, son of Wulfnoth Cild (?) Thegn in Sussex, in 1019
;
Possibly his 2nd wife, but probably his only wife.^{11,12,13,14,4}
Gytha Thorkelsdóttir (?) of Denmark died after June 1069 at Flanders, Belgium (now); died in exile; Med Lands says d. aft 1069.^10,4
      ; Per Med Lands:
     "GODWIN, son of WULFNOTH & his wife --- ([993]-Winchester 15 Apr 1053, bur Winchester Old Minster[504]). His parentage is confirmed by the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle which records that "Beorhtric the brother of the ealdorman Eadric" denounced "Wulfnoth a nobleman of Sussex" to the king in [1008] for unspecified crimes, after which Wulfnoth fled the country only to return, take 20 ships from the king´s fleet, and ravage the south coast and burn the rest of the king´s navy, one manuscript naming him "quendam nobilem virum…Wlnothum (patrem Godwini ducis)"[505]. Florence of Worcester names "Brihtricus, Ælfricus, Goda, Ægelwinus, Ægelwardus, Ægelmærus, pater Wlnothi, patris West-Saxonum ducis Godwini" as the brothers of "Edricum…Ægelrici filium…ducem", and within a few lines in the same paragraph repeats the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle´s report about "Brihtric" accusing "Suth-Saxonicum ministrum Wlnothum" of treachery[506]. The two texts just quoted are contradictory, when read together, in suggesting that Wulfnoth, accused by Beorhtric, was the same person as Beorhtric´s nephew. Freeman argues cogently that Florence did not intend to identify Wulfnoth, the supposed nephew of Eadric, with Wulfnoth, the alleged traitor, arguing along similar lines to what has just been said[507]. He highlights that Florence does not make this connection in his two passages, although the one closely follows the other and it seems surprising that such a link would have been omitted if it had existed. In addition, from a chronological point of view, it is unlikely that Godwin was the grandson of the brother of Eadric "Streona", who died in 1017 and about whom there is no indication that he was very old at that time. The chronology suggests, rather, that Eadric "Streona" and Godwin´s father would have been contemporaries. Another interesting fact is that Ætheling Æthelstan, under his will dated [1014], made a bequest to "Godwine, Wulfnoth's son, the estate at Compton which his father possessed", listed second among the bequests to non-members of the royal family[508]. The wording of the bequest is consistent with the land in question having been confiscated, and such confiscation would have followed if Earl Godwin´s father had been the Wulfnoth Child who was accused of treachery. Freeman highlights that Domesday Book records the two places ini Sussex called Compton as having been held, respectively, by King Harold II (Earl Godwin´s son) and a tenant of Earl Godwin[509]. This strongly suggests that the beneficiary under Ætheling Æthelstan´s will was Earl Godwin, and that he was the son of Wulfnoth Child, the alleged traitor. In conclusion, it appears unlikely that Florence of Worcester was correct in stating that Godwin´s father was Eadric "Streona"´s nephew. Godwin was installed as Earl in 1018 by King Canute, and as bajulus[510] over almost the whole kingdom[511]. He heads the lists of witnesses to all the king's lay charters after 1023[512], indicating an unrivalled position of power. The earliest reference to Godwin in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle is in 1036 when he is recorded as supporting Queen Emma in opposing the accession of King Harold I[513]. Earl of Wessex. Godwin was probably installed as earl of Wessex in [1040/41] by King Harthacnut, as there appear to be no earlier sources which refer to his territory. Florence of Worcester records that King Harthacnut ordered "Godwinum West-Saxonum…comites" and others to burn Worcester, dated to 1041[514]. Godwin appears to have played a major role in the accession and acceptance in England of King Edward "the Confessor" in 1042, and in 1045 married his daughter to the king. However, his relations with the king became tense following a dispute over the appointment of a new archbishop of Canterbury in 1050. In 1051, Earl Godwin refused the king's order to punish an affray at Canterbury, in which one of the men of Eustache Comte de Boulogne was killed. The dispute escalated, and 1 Sep 1051 Godwin and his two older sons made a show of force to the king near Tetbury. Earls Leofric and Siward rallied to the king's support, and battle was avoided. Godwin and his family were given five days' safe conduct to leave the country by the King's Council held on 8 Sep 1051[515]. He fled with his wife and sons Svein, Tostig and Gyrth to Bruges. Godwin returned with an army in Sep 1052, joined forces with his son Harold who returned from Ireland, and sailed into London. The family gathered popular support and was fully reinstated[516]. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records that Earl Godwin died soon after, three days after suffering a stroke[517]. Florence of Worcester records his death and burial at Winchester[518].
     "m (1019) GYTHA, daughter of THORGILS Sprakling [THRUGILS Sprakaleg] & his wife --- (-St Omer after 1069). She is named by Florence of Worcester[519]. Her origin is deduced from Ulf Jarl of Denmark being described as the uncle of her son Svein by Florence of Worcester[520]. Morkinskinna names “Gytha, the daughter of Thorgils sprakaleggr and the sister of Jarl Úlfr” as the wife of “Godwin”[521]. Adam of Bremen records that "Wolf sororem" married "duci Gudvino", and was mother of "ducis Suein, Tostin et Haroldum [genuit parricidas]"[522], although this last reference is unexplained. She was living in Exeter when King William I attacked it in 1068. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records that she took refuge at Flat Holme, an island in the Bristol Channel[523]. Orderic Vitalis records that, after the rebellion of [her grandsons] the sons of King Harold, “Gisa Goduini uxor, Heraldi genitrix” secretly took a great treasure (“ingentem gazam clanculum”) and crossed “in Galliam”[524]. Florence of Worcester records that "Gytha…comitissa…mater Haroldi regis Anglorum ac soror Suani regis Danorum" fled to Flanders, in a passage dealing with events in early 1068[525]. She became a nun at Saint-Omer."
Med Lands cites:

; Per Weis: “Godwin, d. 15 Apr. 1053, thegn in Sussez, Ealdorman of Wessex 1018; m. 1019/20, dau. Jarl Thorkill Sprakalaeg. (ES II/78, 97, 98).
”.^15,16
; Per Genealogy.EU (Wessex): “A1. Godwine, Earl of Wessex and Kent (1020-53), *ca 987, +of apoplexy at Winchester Castle 15.4.1053, bur Winchester Cathedral; 1m: Thyra of Denmark (*ca 993, +1018); 2m: Gytha (*ca 1000, +after VI.1069), dau.of Thorgils Sprakalegg; all issue by 2m.”.¹⁷

; This is the same person as ”Gytha Thorkelsdóttir” at Wikipedia.⁵

Reference: Genealogics cites: Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag, Marburg, Schwennicke, Detlev (Ed.) 2:78.³ EDV-28.

; Per Med Lands:
     "GYTHA (-St Omer after 1069). Adam of Bremen records that "Wolf sororem" married "duci Gudvino", and was mother of "ducis Suein, Tostin et Haroldum [genuit parricidas]"[295], although this last reference is unexplained. She is named by Florence of Worcester[296]. Her origin is deduced from Ulf Jarl of Denmark being described as the uncle of her son Svein by Florence of Worcester[297]. Morkinskinna names “Gytha, the daughter of Thorgils sprakaleggr and the sister of Jarl Úlfr” as the wife of “Godwin”[298]. Orderic Vitalis records that, after the rebellion of [her grandsons] the sons of King Harold, “Gisa Goduini uxor, Heraldi genitrix” secretly took a great treasure (“ingentem gazam clanculum”) and crossed “in Galliam”[299]. Florence of Worcester records that "Gytha…comitissa…mater Haroldi regis Anglorum ac soror Suani regis Danorum" fled to Flanders, in a passage dealing with events in early 1068[300]. She became a nun at Saint-Omer.
     "m (1019) GODWIN Earl of Wessex, son of WULFNOTH "Cild" & his wife --- ([993]-Winchester 15 Apr 1053, bur Winchester Old Minster)."
Med Lands cites:

; Per Genealogy.EU (Denmark 2): “Gytha, *ca 1000, +in exile in Flanders after VI.1069; m.Earl Godwin of Wessex and Kent (15.4.1053)”.¹⁸

     Jarl Thorkill Sprakalaeg (?) died in 1019.³
      ; Per Med Lands:
     "THORGILS Sprakling [THRUGILS Sprakaleg], son of [STYRBJØRN & his wife Tyre daughter of King Harald Bluetooth][293]. According to Florence of Worcester, "Spracing" was the son of Urso[294].
     "m ---. The name of the wife of Thorgils is not known."
Med Lands cites:

Reference: Genealogics cites: Nachkommen Gorms des Alten, 1978 , Brenner, S. Otto. 29.⁶

; Per Genealogy.EU (): “Thorgils Sprakalegg; possibly m.Thyra, dau.of King Harold Bluetooth of Denmark”.⁷

; This is the same person as ”Thorgil Sprakling” at Wikipedia and as ”Thorgils Sprakeleg” at Wikipedia (DK).^8,9 EDV-30. Jarl Thorkill Sprakalaeg (?) was also known as Thrugils Sprakaleg (?)⁶

; Per Wikipedia:
     "Alleged descendants
     "In the 18th century, Danish historian Jacob Langebek proposed that Styrbjörn and Tyra were the parents of Thorkel Sprakalegg, who was father of Ulf the Earl and of Gytha Thorkelsdóttir, wife of Godwin, Earl of Wessex, and thus grandfather of kings Sweyn II of Denmark and Harold Godwinson of England.[11][12] The earliest known source which says anything about the father of Thorkell Sprakalegg was the chronicle of John of Worcester, who says that 'Spraclingus' was son of 'Urso', (Latin for bear) which would be Bjorn. Both Saxo Grammaticus and Gesta Antecessorum Comitis Gualdevi derive Thorkel from the mating of a bear with a noblewoman, Saxo relating that they produced a son named for his father (i.e. named Bjorn), who was in turn father of 'Thrugillus, called Sprageleg', while the Gesta tells a similar story but turns the Urso, father of 'Spratlingus' (sic) in John of Worcester's pedigree into the actual bear involved.[13] Langebek suggested that Saxo's tale of a 'Wild' Björn, father of Thorkel, was an allegorical reference to Styrbjörn.[11] Otto Brenner, in his accounting of the descendants of Gorm the Old, rejects Thorkill as son of Styrbjörn and Thyra.[14]"
Wikipedia cites: