Person Page - 1607

     Childéric I (?) King of the Salian Franks was born circa 436 at Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany (now).^8,6 He married Basina (?) de Thuringes, Reine des Francs saliens, daughter of Basin II (?) King of Thuringia, in 464
;
Her 2nd husband.^2,9,10,6,7
Childéric I (?) King of the Salian Franks died on 26 November 481 at Tournai, Belgium (now).^1,2,6
Childéric I (?) King of the Salian Franks died on 26 November 481 at Tournai, Arrondissement de Tournai, Hainaut, Belgium (now).⁸
Childéric I (?) King of the Salian Franks was buried after 26 November 481 at Saint-Brice Church, Tournai, Arrondissement de Tournai, Hainaut, Belgium (now); From Find A Grave:
     BIRTH     436, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany
     DEATH     26 Nov 481 (aged 44–45), Tournai, Arrondissement de Tournai, Hainaut, Belgium
     Childeric I was the Merovingian king of the Salian Franks from 457 until his death, and the father of Clovis. He succeeded his father Merovech as king, traditionally in 457 or 458. With his Frankish warband he was established with his capital at Tournai, on lands which he had received as a foederatus of the Romans, and for some time he kept the peace with his allies.
     He died in 481 and was buried in Tournai, leaving a son Clovis, afterwards king of the Franks. Childeric's tomb was discovered in 1653 (May 27) by a mason doing repairs in the church of Saint-Brice in Tournai, a city in modern Belgium, where numerous precious objects were found, including a richly ornamented sword, a torse-like bracelet, jewels of gold and cloisonné enamel with garnets, gold coins, a gold bull's head and a ring with the inscription CHILDERICI REGIS ("of Childeric the king"), which identified the tomb. Some 300 golden bees were also found. Archduke Leopold William, governor of the Southern Netherlands (today's Belgium), had the find published in Latin, and the treasure went first to the Habsburgs in Vienna, then as a gift to Louis XIV, who was not impressed with them and stored them in the royal library, which became the Bibliothèque Nationale de France during the Revolution. Napoleon was more impressed with Childeric's bees when he was looking for a heraldic symbol to trump the Bourbon fleur-de-lys. He settled on Childeric's bees as symbols of the French Empire.
     On the night of November 5–6, 1831, the treasure of Childeric was among 80 kilos of treasure stolen from the Library and melted down for the gold. A few pieces were retrieved where they had been hidden in the Seine, including two of the bees. The record of the treasure, however, now exists only in the fine engravings made at the time of its discovery, and in some reproductions made for the Habsburgs.
     Family Members
     Parents
      King Merovech Of The Franks 411–458
     Spouse
      Basina of Thuringen Of The Salian 438–477
     Children
      Clovis I 465–511
     BURIAL     Saint-Brice Church, Tournai, Arrondissement de Tournai, Hainaut, Belgium
     Created by: Mad
     Added: 30 Jul 2012
     Find A Grave Memorial 94481382
     SPONSORED BY Elizabeth Morrow.⁸
      ; Per Genealogics: Childerich I, King of The Franks, ca.436-481.
     "As king of one group of Franks, it seems Childerich collaborated with the Romans against the Visigoths and the Saxons of the Loire. Although a pagan, he co-operated with the Gallic Church and laid the foundations of the kingdom which his descendants were to rule for the following three centuries.
     "The discovery of his grave in Tournai in 1653 revealed some aspects of his power: several hundred gold coins minted in Constantinople, sent perhaps as a subsidy, and a gold brooch like those worn by Roman generals."⁶

Reference: Genealogics cites:

; This is the same person as:
”Childeric I” at Wikipedia and as
”Childéric Ier” at Wikipédia (Fr.)^11,12 GAV-42 EDV-42.

; Per Enc. World History: "The Salian Franks under the Merovingians. The dynasty descended from the semilegendary Merowech, first noted c. 430. King Childeric (d. 481) fought as a federate of the empire at Orleans when Aëtius defeated the Visigoths, and he later defeated the Saxons on the Loire. His tomb was found (1653) at Tournai, the “capital” of the Salians."¹

; Per Genealogy.EU (Merovingians): “A1. Childeric I, *ca 436, +Tournai 481, King of Franks (458-459)+(463-481); m.ca 463 Basine de Thringes (*ca 440), dau.of King Basin of Thuringia”.¹³

; Per Med Lands:
     "CHILDERICH (-Tournai [481/82], bur Tournai). Gregory of Tours records that Merovech was the father of Childerich[17]. The Liber Historiæ Francorum names "Merovechus…filium…Childerico"[18]. He succeeded in [451/57] as leader of the Franks in Roman Gaul, and subsequently adopted the title CHILDERICH I King of the Franks, confirmed by his undated seal which bears the title "Childerici Regiz"[19]. Gregory of Tours records that King Childerich's "private life was one long debauch" and that he was forced into exile in Thuringia by his subjects who chose as his replacement the Roman General Ægidius, named magister militum per Gallias in [456/57] and who ruled for 8 years[20]. Gregory of Tours records Childerich's restoration as king in Gaul, followed by his alliance with "Odovacar…[and] his Saxons" (indicating that this is unlikely to refer to the Ostrogoth leader in Italy), and their joint subjugation of the Alamans[21]. A letter from Remigius Bishop of Reims to Childerich's son Clovis congratulates the latter on taking over his father's position in "Belgica Secunda"[22], implying that Childerich's authority was limited to the north-east part of Gaul. The Liber Historiæ Francorum records that "Childericus rex" reigned for 24 years[23].
     "m ([464]) as her second husband, BASINA, formerly wife of BASINUS King of Thuringia, daughter of ---. Gregory of Tours names Basina as wife of Basinus King of Thuringia, with whom King Childerich sought refuge after being deposed, Basina deserting her first husband to join Childerich after he was restored as king in Gaul[24]. The marriage date is estimated on the basis of how long Childerich was allegedly in exile, assuming that the date of his deposition is accurate, and appears to be consistent with the estimated dates of birth of the couple's descendants. The Liber Historiæ Francorum records that "Childericus rex" committed adultery with "in Toringam…Basina regina uxorem Bisini regis" who abandoned her husband to join Childerich[25]. Assuming that Basina existed, it is unlikely that her first name is correct considering that it is the feminine form of her first husband's name."
Med Lands cites: He was King of the Salian Franks
See the attached map of the Salian Franks ca 5th century (from Wikipedia: Par Odejea — Travail personnelD'après :Michel Rouche, Clovis, Éditions Fayard, 1996, isbn2-213-59632-8, page 188.Hermann Kinder et Werner Hilgemann, Atlas Historique, (Traduction de Pierre Mougenot), 1964, réimpression 1983, Éditions Stock, page 112.les frontières indiquées sur cette carte, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=8444101) between 458 and 481.^2,11,14

     Grimoald I 'the elder' (?) Mayor of Austrasia was born in 615.²
Grimoald I 'the elder' (?) Mayor of Austrasia died in 656 at Beheaded, Paris, City of Paris, Île-de-France, France (now); Enc. of World History says d. 656; Med Lands says 657.^1,2
      ; Per Med Lands:
     "     "GRIMOALD ([615]-Paris beheaded 657). The Liber Historiæ Francorum names "Grimoaldo filius eius [=Pippino]" when recording that he succeeded his father as maior domus[34], dated to [640]. Fredegar records that the succession of Grimoald was challenged by "Otto quidam filius Urones domestici", and only assured after Otto was killed "in the tenth year of Sigebert's reign"[35]. "Sigibertus rex Francorum" names "Grimoaldo maiores domus" in his charter dated to [644][36]. A charter dated to [650] of "Grimoaldus dux" purports to record his donation to the monastery of Stablo and Malmédy[37]. He tried to usurp the throne after the death in 656 of King Sigebert III, installing his son as king. He was captured by the Neustrians, angry over his interference in the royal succession, tortured and executed.
     "m ---. The name of Grimoald's wife is not known.
     "Grimoald & his wife had two children:
Med Lands cites:

; This is the same person as:
”Grimoald the Elder” at Wikipedia and as
”Grimoald Ier” at Wikipédia (Fr.)^3,4

     Grimoald II (?) Maiordomus in Neustria married Theodelinda (?), daughter of Radbod (?).²

Grimoald II (?) Maiordomus in Neustria died in April 714.^1,2
     He was Maiordomus in Neustria in 698.²

     Charles "the Younger" (?) King of the Franks, Comte du Mans married Juliana (?)¹⁰
Charles "the Younger" (?) King of the Franks, Comte du Mans was born in 772 at Aachen (Aix La Chapelle), Stadtkreis Aachen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany (now).^2,3,5
Charles "the Younger" (?) King of the Franks, Comte du Mans died on 4 December 811 at Aachen (Aix La Chapelle), Stadtkreis Aachen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany (now).^1,3,7,5
     Reference: Genealogics cites: Caroli Magni Progenies Neustadt an der Aisch, 1977. , Siegfried Rosch, Reference: 63.⁷

; NB: Genealogy.EU (Carolin 1) shows a child for Charles: "B1. Ingelram/Rowland, Governor of Flanders, possible ancestor of Counts of Flanders." However, no other sources show any children and Wikiepedia and Wikipédia (FR) both state "He left no children." ("Il ne laisse pas d'enfants.^10,11,12")

; Per Med Lands:
     "CHARLES ([772/73]-in Bavaria 4 Dec 811[101]). He is named, and his parentage recorded, in the Gesta Mettensium, which specifies that he was his parents' first son[102]. The Chronicon Fontanellense records that Charles I King of the Franks proposed a marriage between “Offæ Rege Anglorum sive Merciorum…filiam” and “Carolus iunior”, but that King Offa refused unless “Berta filia Caroli Magni” was also married to his son which was unacceptable to the Frankish king[103]. King Charles ordered an embargo on trade imports from England as a result[104]. His father associated Charles in the government of Francia and Saxony in 790[105]. Comte [duc?] du Mans [790]: the Annales Laurissenses record that "rex Carolus" installed "primogenitum filium suum Carolum" in "ultra Sequaname…ducatum Cenomannicum" but that this reverted to his father in the summer of the same year[106]. From this time Charles used the title king, and was crowned King of the Franks at Rome 25 Dec 800. Einhard records that "Karolum filium suum [Karoli imperatoris]" invaded "terram Sclavorum…Sorabi" in 806 as far as "super Albium fluvium" and that "Miliduoch Sclavorum dux" was killed during the campaign[107]. At the partition agreed at Thionville in 806, Charles was designated sovereign of Francia (Austrasia and Neustria), northern Burgundy, northern Alemannia, Thuringia, Saxony, Frisia and the Bavarian Nordgau[108]. The Gesta Francorum records the death "811 II Non Dec" of "Karolus filius imperatoris qui maior natu erat"[109]. Einhard's Annales also record the death "811 II Non Dec" of "Karlus filius imperatoris qui maior natu erat"[110]. The Annales Fuldenses record the death "811 II Non Dec" of "Karolus filius imperator qui maior natu erat"[111]."
Med Lands cites:

; This is the same person as ”Charles the Younger” at Wikipedia, as ”Charles le Jeune” at Wikipédia (FR), and as ”Karl der Jüngere” at Wikipedia (DE).^11,12,13

; Per Genealogy.EU (Carolin 1): “A1. [3m.] Rotrude, *ca 775, 8.6.+810; m.(?) Rociron de Rennes, Ct du Maine (+ca 832)”.¹⁰

     Rothilde (?) married Guido/Wido I (?) Markgraf of Spoleto, son of Lambert I (?) Count of Nantes, comte d’Herbauges and Adelheid/Adalhaid (?) of Lombardy.¹

     Guido/Wido I (?) Markgraf of Spoleto married Rothilde (?), daughter of Lothair I (?) King of Italy, Holy Roman Emperor, King of Bavaria.¹

Guido/Wido I (?) Markgraf of Spoleto died in 858.²
      ; Leo van de Pas cites: Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag Marburg., Detlev Schwennicke, Editor, Reference: II 188B.²

     Guido (?) Emperor, King of Italy, Duke of Spoleto married Angiltrude (?)^4,2

Guido (?) Emperor, King of Italy, Duke of Spoleto died in December 894.²
      ; Leo van de pas cites: Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag Marburg., Detlev Schwennicke, Editor, Reference: II 188B.²

; Guido of Spoleto was consecrated emperor, with his son Lambert as co-emperor and co-king.⁵ He was Emperor between 891 and 894.¹

     Lambert (?) Emperor was Emperor between 892 and 898.

     Louis III (?) King of France was born between 863 and 865.^3,2
Louis III (?) King of France died on 5 August 882.^3,2
Louis III (?) King of France was buried after 5 August 882 at Basilique Saint-Denis, Saint-Denis, Departement de Seine-Saint-Denis, Île-de-France, France; From Find A Grave:
     BIRTH     863, France
     DEATH     5 Aug 882 (aged 18–19), Saint-Denis, Departement de Seine-Saint-Denis, Île-de-France, France
     French King. Reigned from 879 to 882. Bio by: Mike Reed
     Family Members
     Parents
          Louis The Stammerer 846–879
     Siblings
          Ermentrude of France
          Charles III Carolingian 879–929
          
     BURIAL     Saint Denis Basilique, Saint-Denis, Departement de Seine-Saint-Denis, Île-de-France, France
     Maintained by: Find A Grave
     Added: 2 Apr 2001
     Find A Grave Memorial 21069.^2,3,7
     Reference: Per Wikipedia:
     "Louis III (863/65 – 5 August 882) was the king of West Francia from 879 until his death in 882. The eldest son of king Louis II and his first wife Ansgarde of Burgundy, he succeeded his father and ruled jointly with his younger brother Carloman II, who became sole ruler after Louis's death. Louis's short reign was marked by military success. He was also the 33rd Great grand uncle of Queen Elizabeth II.
Biography
     "Louis was born while his father was King of Aquitaine and his grandfather Charles the Bald was ruling West Francia. Some doubts were raised about his legitimacy, since his parents had married secretly and Ansgarde was later repudiated at Charles' insistence. When Charles died in 877 and then Louis the Stammerer died two years later, some Frankish nobles advocated electing Louis as the sole king, but another party favoured each brother ruling a separate part of the kingdom. In September 879 Louis was crowned at Ferrières Abbey. In March 880 at Amiens the brothers divided their father's kingdom, Louis receiving the northern part, called Neustria or sometimes simply Francia.
     "Duke Boso, one of Charles the Bald's most trusted lieutenants renounced his allegiance to both brothers and was elected King of Provence. In the summer of 880 Carloman II and Louis III marched against him and captured Mâcon and the northern part of Boso's kingdom. They united their forces with those of their cousin Charles the Fat, then ruling East Francia and Kingdom of Italy, and unsuccessfully besieged Vienne from August to November. In 881 Louis III achieved a momentous victory against Viking raiders, whose invasions had been ongoing since his grandfather's reign, at the Battle of Saucourt-en-Vimeu. Within a year of the battle an anonymous poet celebrated it and the king, for both his prowess and piety in a short poem Ludwigslied composed in the Old High German.
     "Louis III died on 5 August 882, aged around 18, at Saint-Denis in the centre of his realm. Whilst mounting his horse to pursue a girl who was running to seek refuge in her father's house he hit his head on the lintel of a low door and fell, fracturing his skull.[1][2] Since he had no children, his brother Carloman II became the sole king of West Francia and the victor of Saucourt was buried in the royal mausoleum of the Basilica of St Denis.
References
1. Le Bas, Philippe (1843). L'Univers, histoire et description de tous les peuples - Dictionnaire encyclopédique de la France. 10. p. 339.
2. Nelson, Janet (1994). Charles le Chauve. Aubier. ISBN 2700722612.
** Green, Dennis H. "The Ludwigslied and the Battle of Saucourt", in Judith Jesch (ed.), The Scandinavians from the Vendel Period to the Tenth Century (Oxford: Boydell Press, 2002), 281–302.
** Fouracre, Paul. "The Context of the Old High German Ludwigslied", Medium Aevum, 46 (1985), 87–103.
** MacLean, Simon. Kingship and Politics in the Late Ninth Century: Charles the Fat and the end of the Carolingian Empire. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003.
** McKitterick, Rosamond. The Frankish Kingdoms under the Carolingians, 751–987. London: Longman, 1983.
** Oman, Charles. The Dark Ages 476–918. London: Rivingtons, 1914.⁸

Reference: Genealogics cites: Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag Marburg., Detlev Schwennicke, Editor, Reference: II 1.³ He was King of West Francia and Neustria. (See attached map of the Carolingian Empire in 880 By Niconaike - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=39615802.) between 10 April 879 and 5 August 882.^1,2,3,8

     Lothair IV (?) King of the West Franks was born in 941 at Laon, Departement de l'Aisne, Picardie, France (now).^2,7 He married Emma (?) d'Arles, Queen of the Franks, daughter of Lothar II (?) d'Arles, King of Italy and Saint Adélaïde (?) de Bourgogne, in 966.^8,2,9

Lothair IV (?) King of the West Franks died on 2 March 986 at Laon, Departement de l'Aisne, Picardie, France (now).^1,2,7
Lothair IV (?) King of the West Franks was buried after 2 March 986 at Saint Remi Badsilica, Reims, Departement de la Marne, Champagne-Ardenne, France (now); From Find A Grave:
     BIRTH     941, Laon, Departement de l'Aisne, Picardie, France
     DEATH     2 Mar 986 (aged 44–45), Laon, Departement de l'Aisne, Picardie, France
     Frankish Monarch. He reigned as the Carolingian King of West Francia from 954 until 986.
     Family Members
     Parents
      Louis IV 920–954
      Gerberga of Saxony 913–969
     Siblings
      Charles Of Lower Lorraine
      Mathilde de France 943–992
     Half Siblings
      Gerberge of Lorraine
      Alberade de Roucy 930–973
     Children
      Louis V King of France 967–987
     BURIAL     Saint Remi Basilica, Reims, Departement de la Marne, Champagne-Ardenne, France
     Maintained by: Find A Grave
     Originally Created by: Mike Reed
     Added: 6 Mar 2002
     Find A Grave Memorial 6240883.⁷
     He was King of France between 954 and 986.¹

     Louis V "le Fainéant" (?) King of the West Franks was born between 966 and 967.^2,4,5 He married Adelaide (Adela, Blanche) (?) d'Anjou, Countess of Toulouse, daughter of Foulques II "le Bon" (?) Comte d'Anjou and Gerberge (?) d'Arles, du Maine, in 982 at Vieille-Brioude, Haute-Loire, Haute-Loire, France (now),
; her 3rd husband; his 2nd wife.^{2,6,7,4,5,8,9} Louis V "le Fainéant" (?) King of the West Franks and Adelaide (Adela, Blanche) (?) d'Anjou, Countess of Toulouse were divorced in 984.^2,6,4
Louis V "le Fainéant" (?) King of the West Franks died on 21 May 987 at Compiègne, Departement de l'Oise, Picardie, France (now).^2,4,5
Louis V "le Fainéant" (?) King of the West Franks was buried after 21 May 987 at Compiegne Abbey, Compiègne, Departement de l'Oise, Picardie, France (now); From Find A Grave:
     BIRTH     967
     DEATH     21 May 987 (aged 19–20), Senlis, Departement de l'Oise, Picardie, France
     Born about 967, son of Lothair IV, King of France, and Emma d'Arles, he died in 987. In 962, he became the third of the four husbands of Adélaïde Blanca d'Anjou. They divorced in 984.
     Family Members
     Parents
          Lothaire 941–986
     Spouse
          Adelaide d'Anjou 940–1026
     BURIAL     Compiegne Abbey, Compiegne, Departement de l'Oise, Picardie, France
     Created by: Anonymous
     Added: 8 Jan 2015
     Find A Grave Memorial 141073209.¹⁰
     ; Per Med Lands:
     "ADELAIS [Blanche] d'Anjou ([940/50]-[29 May 1026, bur Montmajour, near Arles]). Her parentage and first marriage are confirmed by the Chronicle of Saint-Pierre du Puy which names "comes Gaufridus cognomento Grisogonella…Pontius et Bertrandus eius nepotes…matre eorum Adalaide sorore ipsius"[60], the brothers Pons and Bertrand being confirmed in other sources as the sons of Etienne de Brioude (for example the charter dated 1000 under which "duo germani fratres…Pontius, alter Bertrandus" donated property to Saint-Chaffre for the souls of "patris sui Stephani matrisque nomine Alaicis")[61]. Adelais's second and third marriages are confirmed by Richer who records the marriage of Louis and "Adelaidem, Ragemundi nuper defuncti ducis Gothorum uxorem" and their coronation as king and queen of Aquitaine[62]. The Chronicon Andegavensi names "Blanchiam filiam Fulconis Boni comitis Andegavensis" as wife of the successor of "Lotharius rex Francorum", but confuses matters by stating that the couple were parents of "filiam Constantiam" wife of Robert II King of France[63]. The Chronicle of Saint-Maxence names "Blanchiam" as the wife of "Lotharius rex…Ludovicum filium" but does not give her origin[64]. She was crowned Queen of Aquitaine with her third husband on the day of their marriage. The Libro de Otiis Imperialibus names "Blanchiam" as wife of "Ludovicus puer [filius Lotharii]"[65]. Rodulfus Glaber refers to the unnamed wife of "Ludowicum" as "ab Aquitanis partibus uxorem", recounting that she tricked him into travelling to Aquitaine where "she left him and attached herself to her own family"[66]. Richer records her marriage with "Wilelmum Arelatensem" after her divorce from Louis[67]. Her fourth marriage is confirmed by the Historia Francorum which names "Blanca sorore Gaufridi comitis Andegavensis" as wife of "Guillelmi comitis Arelatensis"[68]. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "Blanche comitisse Arelatensis" as mother of "Constantia [uxor Robertus rex]", specifying that she was "soror Gaufridi Grisagonelli"[69]. The Gesta Consulum Andegavorum names "Blanca sorore eius" ("eius" referring incorrectly to Foulques III "Nerra" Comte d'Anjou) as wife of "Guillelmi Arelatensis comitis" and as mother of Constance, wife of Robert II King of France[70]. "Adalaiz comitissa" donated property to Saint-Victor de Marseille by charter dated 1003[71]. This charter is subscribed by "Emma comitissa…Wilelmus comes", the second of whom was presumably the son of Adelais but the first of whom has not been identified. "Pontius…Massiliensis ecclesie pontifex" issued a charter dated 1005 with the consent of "domni Rodhbaldi comitis et domne Adalaizis comitisse, domnique Guillelmi comitis filii eius"[72]. "Adalax comitissa mater Villelmi quondam Provintie comitis et Geriberga eque comitissa…eiusdem principis olim uxor" donated property to Saint-Victor de Marseille for the soul of their late son and husband respectively by charter dated 1018 (this document makes no mention of Adelais’s supposed fifth husband)[73]. No explanation has been found for her having been named Adelais in some sources and Blanche in others: it is difficult to interpret all these documents to mean that they referred to two separate individuals. Adelais's supposed fifth marriage is deduced from the following: Count Othon-Guillaume's second wife is named Adelais in several charters[74], and Pope Benedict VIII refers to "domnæ Adeleidi comitissæ cognomento Blanchæ" with "nuruique eius domnæ Gerbergæ comitissæ" when addressing her supposed husband in a document dated Sep 1016[75], Gerberga presumably being Count Othon-Guillaume's daughter by his first wife who was the widow of Adelais-Blanche d’Anjou's son by her fourth husband. However, the document in question appears not to specify that "domnæ Adeleidi…" was the wife of Othon Guillaume and the extracts seen (the full text has not yet been consulted) do not permit this conclusion to be drawn. It is perfectly possible that the Pope named Adelais-Blanche in the letter only in reference to her relationship to Othon Guillaume’s daughter. If her fifth marriage is correct, Adelais would have been considerably older than her new husband, and probably nearly sixty years old when she married (Othon-Guillaume's first wife died in [1002/04]), which seems unlikely. Another difficulty is presented by three entries dated 1018, 1024 and 1026 which appear to link Adelais to Provence while, if the fifth marriage was correct, she would have been with her husband (whose death is recorded in Sep 1026) in Mâcon. These entries are: firstly, "Adalax comitissa mater Villelmi quondam Provintie comitis et Geriberga eque comitissa…eiusdem principis olim uxor" donated property to Saint-Victor de Marseille for the soul of their late son and husband respectively by charter dated 1018[76]; secondly, "Vuilelmus filius Rodbaldi" donated property "in comitatu Aquense in valle…Cagnanam" to Marseille Saint-Victor by charter dated 1024, signed by "Adalaiz comitissa, Vuilelmus comes filius Rodbaldi"[77]; and thirdly, a manuscript written by Arnoux, monk at Saint-André-lès-Avignon, records the death in 1026 of "Adalax comitissa"[78]. The necrology of Saint-Pierre de Mâcon records the death "IV Kal Jun" of "Adalasia comitissa vocata regali progenie orta"[79]. An enquiry dated 2 Jan 1215 records that "comitissa Blanca" was buried "apud Montem Majorem"[80].
     "m firstly ([950/60]) as his second wife, ETIENNE de Brioude, son of BERTRAND --- & his wife Emilgarde [Emilde] --- (-before [970/75]).
     "m secondly ([970/75]) RAYMOND IV Comte de Toulouse, son of RAYMOND III Comte de Toulouse & his wife Gundinildis --- ([945/55]-killed "Carazo" [972/79]).
     "m thirdly (Vieux-Brioude, Haute-Loire 982, divorced 984) LOUIS associate King of the Franks, son of LOTHAIRE King of the Franks & Emma d'Arles [Italy] ([966/67]-Compiègne 21 May 987, bur Compiègne, église collégiale de Saint-Corneille). Crowned King of Aquitaine the day of his marriage in 982. He succeeded his father in 986 as LOUIS V King of the Franks.
     "m fourthly ([984/86]) as his second wife, GUILLAUME [II] "le Libérateur" Comte d'Arles Marquis de Provence, son of BOSON [II] Comte d'Arles & his wife Constantia [de Vienne] ([955]-Avignon 993 after 29 Aug, bur Sarrians, église de Sainte-Croix).
     "[m fifthly (before 1016) as his second wife, OTHON GUILLAUME Comte de Mâcon et de Nevers [Bourgogne-Comté], son of ADALBERTO associate-King of Italy & his wife Gerberge de Chalon ([960/62]-Dijon 21 Sep 1026).]"
Med Lands cites:

Reference: Genealogics cites: Caroli Magni Progenies, Neustadt an der Aisch, 1977 , Rösch, Siegfried. 176.⁵

; See Wikipedia article.⁸ He was King of France between 986 and 987.^1,2

     Carloman/Karlmann (?) King of West-France, Aquitaine & Burgundy and Engelberge|Ingelburga (?) were engaged on 11 September 878.^8,4
Carloman/Karlmann (?) King of West-France, Aquitaine & Burgundy died circa 884.¹
      ; Per Med Lands:
     "CARLOMAN ([866/68]-killed accidentally Bézu-la-Forêt, near Andelys, Eure 6 Dec 884, bur église de l'abbaye royale de Saint-Denis). The Genealogica Arnulfi Comitis names (in order) "Hludovicum et Karlomannum et Hildegardim" as the children of "Hlodovicus rex…ex Ansgardi vocata regina"[312]. He was crowned with his brother Louis III in Sep 879 at the Abbaye de Ferrières-en-Gâtinais. Louis III and Carloman agreed a division of their territories at Amiens in Mar 880, Carloman receiving the southern part of the kingdom, Aquitaine and Burgundy[313]. “Carlomannus…Rex” restored property “villam Taniacum” to the church of Autun, at the request of “Richardi Comiti Augustodensis”, by charter dated 1 Dec 880, the text ending with “Theodoricus Comes ambasciavit”[314]. He succeeded his brother in 882 as CARLOMAN King of the West Franks. On his death, Emperor Charles III "le Gros" was proclaimed King of the West Franks. The Annales Vedastini record that "rex…in Basiu silva" was injured in the leg by "quidam a suis, Bertoldus" while hunting in 884, and died in the same place seven days later "Id Dec" aged about 18, and was buried "in monasterium sancti Dionysii"[315]. The Annales S. Benigni Divisionensis record the death "Non Dec 884" of "Karlomannus rex"[316]. The necrology of Argenteuil Priory records the death "VIII Id Dec" of "Karlomannus rex"[317].
     "Betrothed (11 Sep 878) to [ENGELBERGA], daughter of BOSO Comte de Vienne [later King] & his wife Ermengardis of Italy. The Annales Bertiniani record the betrothal in 878 of "filiam Bosonis" and "Karlomanno filio suo [=Hlodowici rex]"[318]. It is assumed that this daughter was Engelberga, who was an infant at the time, but no proof has been found which confirms that this is the case. "Bosonis" could refer either to the future King Boson or to Count Boson, husband of the adulterous Engiltrudis. While Boson of Provence had refused to swear allegiance to Louis II "le Bègue" King of the West Franks ("Hlodowici rex") on the latter's accession, it is not known whether he was still in rebellion the following year. Assuming that some reconciliation had taken place, a marriage alliance between the two parties would have been a likely possibility. The other Count Boson was presumably of less political importance and, in addition, his problems with his adulterous wife may have rendered his daughters unmarriageable at the time."
Med Lands cites:
; Per Med Lands:
     "ENGELBERGA ([877]-919). Her parentage and marriage are deduced from her donation to Cluny with her husband dated Jan 917, in which her brother "Ludovico" is named[28]. The Annales Bertiniani record the betrothal in 878 of "filiam Bosonis" and "Karlomanno filio suo [=Hlodowici rex]"[29]. It is assumed that this daughter was Engelberga, who must have been an infant at the time, but no proof has been found which confirms that this is correct. "Bosonis" could refer either to the future King Boson or to Count Boson, husband of the adulterous Engiltrudis (see below). While Boson of Provence had refused to swear allegiance to Louis II "le Bègue" King of the West Franks ("Hlodowici rex") on the latter's accession, it is not known whether he was still in rebellion the following year. Assuming that some reconciliation had taken place, a marriage alliance between the two parties would have been a likely possibility. The other Count Boson was presumably of less political importance and, in addition, his problems with his adulterous wife may have rendered his daughters unmarriageable at the time. The Annales Bertiniani indicate that Engelberga was born from her father´s [second] marriage when they record that "Richardus frater Bosonis" took “uxorem Bosonis et filiam eius” back to “comitatum suum Augustudensem” in 882 after the capture of Vienne by the forces of King Carloman[30]. Engelberga is named as co-founder with her husband of the monastery of Cluny in a charter dated 11 Sep 910[31]. The Annales Masciacenses record in 919 the deaths of “Guilelmus famosus dux Aquitanorum...coniunx eius Ingelberga”[32]. She died as a nun at San Sisto, Piacenza.
     "[Betrothed (11 Sep 878) to CARLOMAN, son of LOUIS II "le Bègue" King of the Franks & his first wife Ansgardis --- (867-killed accidentally Bézu-la-Forêt, near Andelys, Eure 6 Dec 884, bur église de l'abbaye royale de Saint-Denis). He succeeded his brother in 882 as CARLOMAN King of the West Franks.]
     "m (before 898[33]) GUILLAUME I "le Pieux" Duke of Aquitaine, son of BERNARD "Plantevelue" Comte d'Auvergne & his wife Ermengarde [d'Auvergne] (-6 Jul 918, bur Abbaye de Brioude, Haute-Loire)."
Med Lands cites: He was King of France between 879 and 884.¹

     Hedwig/Hadewig (?) married Bouchard III (?) of Swabia.²

Hedwig/Hadewig (?) died on 26 August 994.²

     Saint Heinrich II 'der Heilige' (?) Holy Roman Emperor, Duke of Bavaria was born on 6 May 973; Catholic Encyclopedia says b. 972.^2,6,7 He married Saint Kunigunde (?) von Luxembourg, daughter of Siegfried (?) Graf 'von Luxemburg' and Hedwig (?) Countess of Luxembourg, between 996 and 997
; Genealogy.EU (Luxemburg 3 page) says m. 999.^8,2,6,9
Saint Heinrich II 'der Heilige' (?) Holy Roman Emperor, Duke of Bavaria died on 13 July 1024 at Bamberg, Germany (now), at age 51.^10,2,6,7
      ; Leo van de pas cites: Stammtafeln zur Geschichte der Europäischen Staaten, 4 volumes, Marburg, 1953, 1975., W. K. Prinz von Isenburg, Reference: I 3.²

; St.Heinrich II, Duke of Bavaria (995-1024) as Heinrich III, King of Italy (1002-24), King of Germany (1002-14), Emperor (1014-24) as Heinrich II, *6.5.973, +Bamberg 13.7.1024; m.St.Kunigunde (*ca 975 +Kaufungen 3.3.1032), dau.of Sigefroi, Ct of Luxemburg.⁶

; St. Henry II - German King and Holy Roman Emperor, son of Duke Henry II (the Quarrelsome) and of the Burgundian Princess Gisela; b. 972; d. in his palace of Grona, at Gottingen, 13 July, 1024.

Like his predecessor, Otto III, he had the literary education of his time. In his youth he had been destined for the priesthood. Therefore he became acquainted with ecclesiastical interests at an early age.

Willingly he performed pious practices, gladly also he strengthened the Church of Germany, without, however, ceasing to regard ecclesiastical institutions as pivots of his power, according to the views of Otto the Great. With all his learning and piety, Henry was an eminently sober man, endowed with sound, practical common sense. He went his way circumspectly, never attempting anything but the possible and, wherever it was practicable, applying the methods of amiable and reasonable good sense. This prudence, however, was combined with energy and conscientiousness. Sick and suffering from fever, he traversed the empire in order to maintain peace. At all times he used his power to adjust troubles. The masses especially he wished to help.

The Church, as the constitutional Church of Germany, and therefore as the advocate of German unity and of the claims of inherited succession, raised Henry to the throne. The new king straightway resumed the policy of Otto I both in domestic and in foreign affairs. This policy first appeared in his treatment of the Eastern Marches. The encroachments of Duke Boleslaw, who had founded a great kingdom, impelled him to intervene. But his success was not marked.

In Italy the local and national opposition to the universalism of the German king had found a champion in Arduin of Ivrea. The latter assumed the Lombard crown in 1002. In 1004 Henry crossed the Alps. Arduin yielded to his superior power. The Archbishop of Milan now crowned him King of Italy. This rapid success was largely due to the fact that a large part of the Italian episcopate upheld the idea of the Roman Empire and that of the unity of Church and State.

On his second expedition to Rome, occasioned by the dispute between the Counts of Tuscany and the Crescentians over the nomination to the papal throne, he was crowned emperor on 14 February, 1014. But it was not until later, on his third expedition to Rome, that he was able to restore the prestige of the empire completely.

Before this happened, however, he was obliged to intervene in the west. Disturbances were especially prevalent throughout the entire north-west. Lorraine caused great trouble. The Counts of Lutzelburg (Luxemburg), brothers-in-law of the king, were the heart and soul of the disaffection in that country. Of these men, Adalbero had made himself Bishop of Trier by uncanonical methods (1003); but he was not recognized any more than his brother Theodoric, who had had himself elected Bishop of Metz.

True to his duty, the king could not be induced to abet any selfish family policy at the expense of the empire. Even though Henry, on the whole, was able to hold his own against these Counts of Lutzelburg, still the royal authority suffered greatly by loss of prestige in the north-west.

Burgundy afforded compensation for this. The lord of that country was Rudolph, who, to protect himself against his vassals, joined the party of Henry II, the son of his sister, Gisela, and to Henry the childless duke bequeathed his duchy, despite the opposition of the nobles (1006). Henry had to undertake several campaigns before he was able to enforce his claims. He did not achieve any tangible result, he only bequeathed the theoretical claims on Burgundy to his successors.

Better fortune awaited the king in the central and eastern parts of the empire. It is true that he had a quarrel with the Conradinians over Carinthia and Swabia: but Henry proved victorious because his kingdom rested on the solid foundation of intimate alliance with the Church.

That his attitude towards the Church was dictated in part by practical reasons, primarily he promoted the institutions of the Church chiefly in order to make them more useful supports his royal power, is clearly shown by his policy. How boldly Henry posed as the real ruler of the Church appears particularly in the establishment of the See of Bamberg, which was entirely his own scheme.

He carried out this measure, in 1007, in spite of the energetic opposition of the Bishop of Wurzburg against this change in the organization of the Church. The primary purpose of the new bishopric was the germanization of the regions on the Upper Main and the Regnitz, where the Wends had fixed their homes. As a large part of the environs of Bamberg belonged to the king, he was able to furnish rich endowments for the new bishopric. The importance of Bamberg lay principally in the field of culture, which it promoted chiefly by its prosperous schools. Henry, therefore, relied on the aid of the Church against the lay powers, which had become quite formidable. But he made no concessions to the Church.

Though naturally pious, and though well acquainted with ecclesiastical culture, he was at bottom a stranger to her spirit. He disposed of bishoprics autocratically. Under his rule the bishops, from whom he demanded unqualified obedience, seemed to be nothing but officials of the empire. He demanded the same obedience from the abbots. However, this political dependency did not injure the internal life of the German Church under Henry. By means of its economic and educational resources the Church had a blessed influence in this epoch.

But it was precisely this civilizing power of the German Church that aroused the suspicions of the reform party. This was significant, because Henry was more and more won over to the ideas of this party. At a synod at Goslar he confirmed decrees that tended to realize the demands made by the reform party. Ultimately this tendency could not fail to subvert the Othonian system, moreover could not fail to awaken the opposition of the Church of Germany as it was constituted.

This hostility on the part of the German Church came to a head in the emperor's dispute with Archbishop Aribo of Mainz. Aribo was an opponent of the reform movement of the monks of Cluny. The Hammerstein marriage imbroglio afforded the opportunity he desired to offer a bold front against Rome. Otto von Hammerstein had been excommunicated by Aribo on account of his marriage with Irmengard, and the latter had successfully appealed to Rome.

This called forth the opposition of the Synod of Seligenstadt, in 1023, which forbade an appeal to Rome without the consent of the bishop. This step meant open rebellion against the idea of church unity, and its ultimate result would have been the founding of a German national Church. In this dispute the emperor was entirely on the side of the reform party. He even wanted to institute international proceedings against the unruly archbishop by means of treaties with the French king. But his death prevented this.

Before this Henry had made his third journey to Rome in 1021. He came at the request of the loyal Italian bishops, who had warned him at Strasburg of the dangerous aspect of the Italian situation, and also of the pope, who sought him out at Bamberg in 1020. Thus the imperial power, which had already begun to withdraw from Italy, was summoned back thither. This time the object was to put an end to the supremacy of the Greeks in Italy. His success was not complete; he succeeded, however, in restoring the prestige of the empire in northern and central Italy.

Henry was far too reasonable a man to think seriously of readopting the imperialist plans of his predecessors. He was satisfied to have ensured the dominant position of the empire in Italy within reasonable bounds. Henry's power was in fact controlling, and this was in no small degree due to the fact that he was primarily engaged in solidifying the national foundations of his authority.

The later ecclesiastical legends have ascribed ascetic traits to this ruler, some of which certainly cannot withstand serious criticism. For instance, the highly varied theme of his virgin marriage to Cunegond has certainly no basis in fact.

The Church canonized this emperor in 1146, and his wife Cunegond in 1200.

FRANZ KAMPERS
Transcribed by HCC

The Catholic Encyclopedia, Volume VII
Copyright © 1910 by Robert Appleton Company
Online Edition Copyright © 2003 by K. Knight
Nihil Obstat, June 1, 1910. Remy Lafort, S.T.D., Censor
Imprimatur. +John Cardinal Farley, Archbishop of New York.⁷

; Henry II (son of Henry the Wrangler, cousin of Otto, great-grandson of Henry the Fowler) emerged from the contest for the throne, and was crowned emperor at Rome (1014). Devout (canonized with his wife, St. Kunigunde) but a political realist and firm with the Church, he concentrated his attention on Germany. Against episcopal objections, he founded (1007) the bishopric of Bamberg, endowed it richly as an outpost of German culture against Slavdom; the cathedral, one of the glories of German architecture, contains his tomb. Vigorous (Gorzian) monastic reform with many confiscations.

In practice Henry had no choice but to allow the great fiefs to become hereditary. He relied heavily on the clergy to supply advisers and administrators, and looked to the Church also for military and financial support, but he dominated the Church in Germany through his control of the episcopal appointments. Extensive secularization and reform of the monasteries of the Church resulted.¹⁰ He was Duke of Bavaria between 995 and 1024.⁶ He was King of Germany between 1002 and 1014.⁶ He was King of Italy (as Heinrich III) between 1002 and 1024.⁶ He was Holy Roman Emperor between 1014 and 1024.^1,6

; Canonized.⁷

     Liudolf (?) Duke of Swabia was born circa 930.^4,6,2 He married Ida/Ita (?) von Schwaben, daughter of Hermann I (?) Herzog von Schwaben and Reginlinde (?) of Nellenburg, in 948.^{9,10,8,11,6,2}

Liudolf (?) Duke of Swabia died on 6 September 957; d.v.p.^3,4,6,2
Liudolf (?) Duke of Swabia was buried after 6 September 957 at Saint Alban Church (Defunct), Mainz, Stadtkreis Mainz, Rheinland-Pfalz, Germany; From Find A Grave:
     BIRTH     930, Magdeburg, Stadtkreis Magdeburg, Sachsen-Anhalt, Germany
     DEATH     6 Sep 957 (aged 26–27), Pombia, Provincia di Novara, Piemonte, Italy
     Only son of Otto I and Edith of Wessex
     Family Members
     Parents
          Otto I The Great 912–973
          Edith of Wessex 910–946
     Siblings
          Liutgard of Saxony 931–953
     Half Siblings
          Otto 955–983
     Children
          Mathilde II von Essen 949–1011
     BURIAL     Saint Alban Church (Defunct), Mainz, Stadtkreis Mainz, Rheinland-Pfalz, Germany
     Created by: Lutetia
     Added: 6 May 2018
     Find a Grave Memorial 189495719.¹²
     GAV-32 EDV-31.

; Per Genealogics:
     “Liudolf was born about 930, the only son of Emperor Otto I 'the Great', then king of the Germans, and Eadgyth of Wessex, daughter of Edward 'the Elder', king of England.
     “About 948 Liudolf married Ida/Ita von Schwaben, daughter of Hermann I, Herzog von Schwaben, and his wife Regelinda. Of their three children only Regelint would have progeny, marrying Konrad, Graf von Oenningen, who would himself be appointed Herzog von Schwaben to succeed Liudolf's childless son Otto I who died unexpectedly during the imperial campaign in Italy of 981-982.
     “When Hermann died in 949, Emperor Otto appointed Liudolf, his eldest son and heir, to succeed him as Herzog von Schwaben. Liudolf was a popular ruler. After the usurpation of Berengar II of Italy, he invaded Lombardy in 951. His father foiled his plans and invaded as well, leaving Liudolf without much gain. When Otto married Aelis (Adelheid) de Bourgogne, the heiress of Italy, Liudolf felt his position threatened and raised the flag of revolt in 953. Though he had the support of his Swabians, his ally (and brother-in-law) Konrad 'the Red', duke of Lorraine, was opposed by his own subjects in Lorraine. The Bavarians of Heinrich I, duke of Bavaria, Liudolf's uncle, supported Liudolf, but Heinrich and Otto together put down the rebellion. In 954 he was deprived of his duchy and, though reconciled with his father, he did not regain it. He invaded Italy for a second time in 957, and many cities capitulated to him and Berengar fled. He died unexpectedly of fever during his victorious campaign at Pombia, near Novara, on 6 September that year and was buried in St. Alban's Abbey, Mainz.
     “Liudolf founded the city of Stuttgart in southern Germany. His son Otto was later duke of Bavaria and Swabia and his daughter Mathilde abbess of a monastery in Essen.”.²

Reference: Genealogics cites:

; Per Genealogy.EU (Liudolfing): “D2. Liudolf, Duke of Swabia (948-954/957), +957; m.Ida of Swabia”.⁹

; Per Med Lands:
     "LIUDOLF ([930]-Piomba 6 Sep 957, bur St Alban, near Mainz[243]). The Annales Quedlingburgenes name "Liudolfo et Liutgarde" as the two children of King Otto I and Eadgyth[244]. His birth date is estimate from Widukind stating that he "was still a tender youth no more than seventeen years of age" when his mother died[245]. His father installed him as Duke of Swabia in 950, in succession to Liudolf's father-in-law[246]. "Otto…rex" donated property "in pago Brisehguue in comitatu filii nostri Liutolfi" to Kloster Einsiedeln by charter dated 9 Aug 952[247]. Thietmar records that he rebelled against his father, together with his brother-in-law Konrad Duke of Lotharingia, was besieged at Mainz, but escaped to capture Regensburg and expel his uncle Heinrich Duke of Bavaria[248]. Thietmar also records that his father deposed him in 954 as Duke of Swabia, but ultimately forgave his rebellion[249]. His father sent him to Italy to control Berengario di Ivrea, Viceroy in Italy, who was attempting to reassert his independence, but Liudolf died there of a fever. Thietmar places a different slant on the event, stating that Liudolf had once more rebelled against his father and left for Italy[250]. Thietmar records the death of Liudolf in Italy 6 Sep, "after scarcely a year" following his departure from his homeland, but does not specify the year[251]. The Annales Necrologici Fuldenses record the death "957 VIII Id Sep" of "Liutolf filius regis"[252]. The necrology of Lüneburg records the death "6 Sep" of "Liuidolfus regis filius"[253]. Regino specifies that he died in Italy and was buried in Mainz St Alban[254].
     "m ([27 Oct 947/7 Apr 948][255]) IDA of Swabia, daughter of HERMANN I Duke of Swabia [Konradiner] & his wife Regelinda of Swabia (-17 May 986). Widukind names "ducis Herimanni filiam Idam" as wife of Liudolf[256]. Regino records the marriage of "filiam Herimanni ducis" and "Liutolfus filius regis" in 947[257]. "Otto…rex" granted property "in comitatu Herimanni ducis Rehzia" to "abbati nostro Hartberto" at the request of "filie nostre Ite…et Hermanni comitis" by charter dated 7 Apr 948[258]. "Otto…rex" confirmed a donation by "Liutolfo nostro filio eiusque…coniuge Ita" to Kloster Reichenau for the soul of "ducis nostri beate memorie Herimanni" by charter dated 1 Jan 950[259]. The Liber Anniversariorum of Einsiedeln records in May the donation of "Siernza" by "domina Ita…uxor Luitolfi ducis"[260]."
Med Lands cites:

; Per Med Lands:
     "IDA (-17 May 986). Widukind names "ducis Herimanni filiam Idam" as wife of Liudolf[94]. Regino records the marriage of "filiam Herimanni ducis" and "Liutolfus filius regis" in 947[95]. "Otto…rex" confirmed a donation by "Liutolfo nostro filio eiusque…coniuge Ita" to Kloster Reichenau for the soul of "ducis nostri beate memorie Herimanni" by charter dated 1 Jan 950[96]. The Liber Anniversariorum of Einsiedeln records in May the donation of "Siernza" by "domina Ita…uxor Luitolfi ducis"[97].
     "m ([27 Oct 947/7 Apr 948][98]) LIUDOLF [of Saxony], son of OTTO I "dem Großen" King of Germany & his first wife Eadgyth of Wessex (930[99]-Piomba 6 Sep 957, bur St Alban, near Mainz). His father installed him as LIUDOLF Duke of Swabia in 950, in succession to his father-in-law[100]. He was deposed in 954."
Med Lands cites: He was Duke of Swabia between 948 and 957.³

     Otto III (?) Holy Roman Emperor was born in July 980.² He married Maria (?) Infta of Navarre, daughter of Sancho II Garces (?) King of Navarre and Aragon and Urraca de Lara de Castile.³

Otto III (?) Holy Roman Emperor died on 21 January 1002 at age 21.²
      ; Leo van de Pas cites: Stammtafeln zur Geschichte der Europäischen Staaten, 4 volumes, Marburg, 1953, 1975., W. K. Prinz von Isenburg, Reference: I 3.²

; Otto III (an infant of three years). Rule of his brilliant mother, Theophano (983-91), his grandmother Adelheid, and Archbishop Willigis of Mainz (991-96). Under Theophano's influence, his education was in the Byzantine tradition; his tutor was Gerbert of Aurillac, one of the most learned men of his day, whose brilliance won him the nickname Stupor Mundi (Wonder of the World). Henry the Wrangler proclaimed himself king, but was forced to submit.⁷ He was King of Italy and Germany between 983 and 1002.³ He was Holy Roman Emperor between 996 and 1002.³

     Adelheid (?) Abbess of Quedlinburg and Gandersheim was born in 977.²
Adelheid (?) Abbess of Quedlinburg and Gandersheim died in 1045; Genealogy.EU (Liudolfer page) says d. 1043; Leo van de Pas says d. 1045.^2,3
      ; Leo van de Pas cites: Stammtafeln zur Geschichte der Europäischen Staaten, 4 volumes, Marburg, 1953, 1975., W. K. Prinz von Isenburg, Reference: I 3.²

     Mathilde (?) was born in 1027.¹ She and Henri I (?) King of France were engaged before 1034;
Per Wikipedia: "Henry I was betrothed to Matilda, the daughter of Conrad II, Holy Roman Emperor, but she died prematurely in 1034."^2,7
Mathilde (?) died in 1034.²
Mathilde (?) died in January 1034.¹
      ; Per Genealogy.EU: "King HENRI I of France (1031-60) cr 1025, Duc de Bourgogne (ca 1017-60), *Reims IV.1008, +Vitry-en-Brie 4.8.1060, bur St.Denis; 1m: Matilda (+1034) dau.of Emperor Konrad II; 2m: 1043 Matilda de Frise (+1044) dau.of Mgve Liudolf of Friesland; 3m: Reims 29.1.1044/29.1.1050 (NOTE) Pss Anna Jaroslavna of Kiev (*1024 +1076.)²" Mathilde (?) was also known as Matilda (?) of Germany.²

     Saint Bruno (?) of Toul was born on 21 June 1002 at Egisheim, near Colmar, Alsace, France.²
Saint Bruno (?) of Toul died on 19 April 1054 at age 51.^1,2
     Saint Bruno (?) of Toul was also known as Pope Leo IX.¹

; LEO IX (Bruno of Toul, a kinsman of Henry III) began the restoration of the spiritual primacy of the Holy See. He insisted on his own canonical election to the papal throne, reorganized the chancery on the imperial model, reformed the Church by personal or legatine visitation, giving reform reality in the west.³ He was Pope St. Leo IX - (1049-54), b. at Egisheim, near Colmar, on the borders of Alsace, 21 June, 1002; d. 19 April, 1054. He belonged to a noble family which had given or was to give saints to the Church and rulers to the Empire. He was named Bruno. His father Hugh was first cousin to Emperor Conrad, and both Hugh and his wife Heilewide were remarkable for their piety and learning. As a sign of the tender conscience which soon began to manifest itself in the saintly child, we are told that, though he had given abundant proofs of a bright mind, on one occasion he could not study out of an exceptionally beautiful book which his mother had bought and given to him. At length it transpired that the book had been stolen from the Abbey of St. Hubert in the Ardennes. When Heilewide had restored the volume to its rightful owners, the little Bruno's studies proceeded unchecked. When five years of age, he was committed to the care of the energetic Berthold, Bishop of Toul, who had a school for the sons of the nobility. Intelligent, graceful in body, and gracious in disposition, Bruno was a favourite with his schoolfellows. Whilst still a youth and at home for his holidays, he was attacked when asleep by some animal, and so much injured that for some time he lay between life and death. In that condition he saw, as he used afterwards to tell his friends, a vision of St. Benedict, who cured him by touching his wounds with a cross. This we are told by Leo's principal biographer, Wibert, who was his intimate friend when the saint was Bishop of Toul.

Bruno became a canon of St. Stephen's at Toul (1017), and though still quite young exerted a soothing influence on Herimann, the choleric successor of Bishop Berthold. When, in 1024, Conrad, Bruno's cousin, succeeded the Emperor Henry I, the saint's relatives sent him to the new king's court "to serve in his chapel". His virtue soon made itself felt, and his companions, to distinguish him from others who bore the same name, always spoke of him as "the good Bruno". In 1026 Conrad set out for Italy to make his authority respected in that portion of his dominions, and as Herimann, Bishop of Toul, was too old to lead his contingent into the peninsula, he entrusted the command of it to Bruno, then a deacon. There is reason to believe that this novel occupation was not altogether uncongenial to him, for soldiers seem always to have had an attraction for him. While he was thus in the midst of arms, Bishop Herimann died and Bruno was at once elected to succeed him. Conrad, who destined him for higher things, was loath to allow him to accept that insignificant see. But Bruno, who was wholly disinclined for the higher things, and wished to live in as much obscurity as possible, induced his sovereign to permit him to take the see. Consecrated in 1027, Bruno administered the Diocese of Toul for over twenty years, in a season of stress and trouble of all kinds. He had to contend not merely with famine, but also with war, to which as a frontier town Toul was much exposed. Bruno, however, was equal to his position. He knew how to make peace, and, if necessary, to wield the sword in self-defence. Sent by Conrad to Robert the Pious, he established so firm a peace between France and the empire that it was not again broken even during the reigns of the sons of both Conrad and Robert. On the other hand, he held his episcopal city against Eudes, Count of Blois, a rebel against Conrad, and "by his wisdom and exertions" added Burgundy to the empire. It was whilst he was bishop that he was saddened by the death not merely of his father and mother, but also of two of his brothers. Amid his trials Bruno found some consolation in music, in which he proved himself very efficient.

The German Pope Damasus II died in 1048, and the Romans sent to ask Henry III, Conrad's successor, to let them have as the new pope either Halinard, Archbishop of Lyons, or Bruno. Both of them were favourably known to the Romans by what they had seen of them when they came to Rome on pilgrimage. Henry at once fixed upon Bruno, who did all he could to avoid the honour which his sovereign wished to impose upon him. When at length he was overcome by the combined importunities of the emperor, the Germans, and the Romans, he agreed to go to Rome, and to accept the papacy if freely elected thereto by the Roman people. He wished, at least, to rescue the See of Peter from its servitude to the German emperors. When, in company with Hildebrand he reached Rome, and presented himself to its people clad in pilgrim's guise and barefooted, but still tall, and fair to look upon, they cried out with one voice that him and no other would they have as pope. Assuming the name of Leo, he was solemnly enthroned 12 February, 1049. Before Leo could do anything in the matter of the reform of the Church on which his heart was set, he had first to put down another attempt on the part of the ex-Pope Benedict IX to seize the papal throne. He had then to attent to money matters, as the papal finances were in a deplorable condition. To better them he put them in the hands of Hildebrand, a man capable of improving anything.

He then began the work of reform which was to give the next hundred years a character of their own, and which his great successor Gregory VII was to carry so far forward. In April, 1049, he held a synod at which he condemned the two notorious evils of the day, simony and clerical incontinence. Then he commenced those journeys throughout Europe in the cause of a reformation of manners which gave him a pre- eminent right to be styled Peregrinus Apostolicus. Leaving Rome in May, he held a council of reform at Pavia, and pushed on through Germany to Cologne, where he joined the Emperor Henry III. In union with him he brought about peace in Lorraine by excommunicating the rebel Godfrey the Bearded. Despite the jealous efforts of King Henry I to prevent him from coming to France, Leo next proceeded to Reims, where he held an important synod, at which both bishops and abbots from England assisted. There also assembled in the city to see the famous pope an enormous number of enthusiastic people, "Spaniards, Bretons, Franks, Irish, and English". Besides excommunicating the Archbishop of Compostela (because he had ventured to assume the title of Apostolicus, reserved to the pope alone), and forbidding marriage between William (afterwards called the Conqueror) and Matilda of Flanders, the assembly issued many decrees of reform. On his way back to Rome Leo held another synod at Mainz, everywhere rousing public opinion against the great evils of the time as he went along, and everywhere being received with unbounded enthusiasm. It is apparently in connexion with this return journey that we have the first mention of the Golden Rose. The Abbess of Woffenheim, in return for certain privileges bestowed by the pope, had to send to Rome "a golden rose" before Lætare Sunday, on which day, says Leo, the popes are wont to carry it. Also before he returned to Rome, he discussed with Adalbert, Archbishop of Bremen, the formation of all the Scandinavian countries, including Iceland and Greenland, into a patriarchate, of which the see was to be Bremen. The scheme was never accomplished, but meanwhile Leo authorized the consecration by Adalbert of the first native bishop for Iceland.

In January, 1050, Leo returned to Rome, only to leave it again almost immediately for Southern Italy, whither the sufferings of its people called him. They were being heavily oppressed by the Normans. To the expostulations of Leo the wily Normans replied with promises, and when the pope, after holding a council at Spoleto, returned to Rome, they continued their oppressions as before. At the usual paschal synod which Leo was in the habit of holding at Rome, the heresy of Berengarius of Tours was condemned–a condemnation repeated by the pope a few months later at Vercelli. Before the year 1050 had come to a close, Leo had begun his second transalpine journey. He went first to Toul, in order solemnly to translate the relics of Gerard, bishop of that city, whom he had just canonized, and then to Germany to interview the Emperor Henry the Black. One of the results of this meeting was that Hunfrid, Archbishop of Ravenna, was compelled by the emperor to cease acting as though he were the independent ruler of Ravenna and its district, and to submit to the pope. Returning to Rome, Leo held another of his paschal synods in April, 1051, and in July went to take possession of Benevento. Harassed by their enemies, the Beneventans concluded that their only hope of peace was to submit themselves to the authority of the pope. This they did, and received Leo into their city with the greatest honour. While in this vicinity, Leo again made further efforts to lessen the excesses of the Normans, but they were crippled by the native Lombards, who with as much folly as wickedness massacred a number of the Normans in Apulia. Realizing that nothing could then be done with the irate Norman survivors, Leo retraced his steps to Rome (1051).

The Norman question was henceforth ever present to the pope's mind. Constantly oppressed by the Normans, the people of Southern Italy ceased not to implore the pope to come and help them. The Greeks, fearful of being expelled from the peninsula altogether, begged Leo to co-operate with them against the common foe. Thus urged, Leo sought assistance on all sides. Failing to obtain it, he again tried the effect of personal mediation (1052). But again failure attended his efforts. He began to be convinced that appeal would have to be made to the sword. At this juncture an embassy arrived from the Hungarians, entreating him to come and make peace between them and the emperor. Again Leo crossed the Alps, but, thinking he was sure of success, Henry would not accept the terms proposed by the pope, with the result that his expedition against the Hungarians proved a failure. And though he at first undertook to let Leo have a German force to act against the Normans, he afterwards withdrew his promise, and the pope had to return to Italy with only a few German troops raised by his relatives (1053). In March, 1053, Leo was back in Rome. Finding the state of affairs in Southern Italy worse than ever, he raised what forces he could among the Italian princes, and, declaring war on the Normans, tried to effect a junction with the Greek general. But the Normans defeated first the Greeks and then the pope at Civitella (June, 1053). After the battle Leo gave himself up to his conquerors, who treated him with the utmost respect and consideration, and professed themselves his soldiers.

Though he gained more by defeat than he could have gained by victory, Leo betook himself to Benevento, a broken-hearted man. The slain at Civitella were ever before him, and he was profoundly troubled by the attitude of Michael Cærularius, Patriarch of Constantinople. That ambitious prelate was determined, if possible, to have no superior in either Church or State. As early as 1042, he had struck the pope's name off the sacred diptychs, and soon proceeded, first in private and then in public, to attack the Latin Church because it used unfermented bread (azymes) in the Sacrifice of the Mass. At length, and that, too, in a most barbarous manner, he closed the Latin churches in Constantinople. In reply to this violence, Leo addressed a strong letter to Michael (Sept., 1053), and began to study Greek in order the better to understand the matters in dispute. However, if Michael had taken advantage of the pope's difficulties with the Normans to push his plans, the Greek Emperor, seeing that his hold on Southern Italy was endangered by the Norman success, put pressure on the patriarch to make him more respectful to the pope. To the conciliatory letters which Constantine and Cærularius now dispatched to Rome, Leo sent suitable replies (Jan., 1054), blaming the arrogance of the patriarch. His letters were conveyed by two distinguished cardinals, Humbert and Frederick, but he had departed this life before the momentous issue of his embassy was known in Rome. On 16 July, 1054, the two cardinals excommunicated Cærularius, and the East was finally cut off from the body of the Church.

The annals of England show that Leo had many relations with that country, and its saintly King Edward. He dispensed the king from a vow which he had taken to make a pilgrimage to Rome, on condition that he give alms to the poor, and endow a monastery in honour of St. Peter. Leo also authorized the translation of the See of Crediton to Exeter, and forbade the consecration of the unworthy Abbot of Abingdon (Spearhafor) as Bishop of London. Throughout the troubles which Robert of Jumièges, Archbishop of Canterbury, had with the family of Earl Godwin, he received the support of the pope, who sent him the pallium and condemned Stigand, the usurper of his see (1053?). King Macbeth, the supposed murderer of Duncan, whom Shakespeare has immortalized, is believed to have visited Rome during Leo's pontificate, and may be thought to have exposed the needs of his soul to that tender father. After the battle of Civitella Leo never recovered his spirits. Seized at length with a mortal illness, he caused himself to be carried to Rome (March, 1054), where he died a most edifying death. He was buried in St. Peter's, was a worker of miracles both in life and in death, and found a place in the Roman Martyrology.

WIBERT and other contemporary biographers of the saint in WATTERICH, Pont. Rom. Vitæ, I (Leipzig, 1862); P. L., CXLIII, etc; ANSELM OF REIMS, ibid., CXLII; LIBUIN in WATTERICH and in P. L., CXLIII; see also BONIZO OF SUTRI; ST. PETER DAMIAN, LANFRANC, and other contemporaries of the saint. His letters are to be found in P. L., CXLIII; cf. DELARC, Un pape Alsacien (Paris, 1876); BRUCKER, l'Alsace et l'élglise au temps du pape S. Léon (Paris, 1889); MARTIN, S. Léon IX (Paris, 1904); BRÉHIER, Le Schisme Oriental au XIe Siecle (Paris, 1899); FORTESCUE, The Orthodox Eastern Church (London, 1907), v; MANN, Lives of the Popes, VI (London, 1910).

HORACE K. MANN.
Transcribed by WGKofron
In memory of Fr. John Hilkert, Akron, Ohio
Fidelis servus et prudens, quem constituit Dominus super familiam suam between 1049 and 1054.^1,2

     Konrad (?) Vogt von Schwarzach, Graf in der Ortenau married Judith (?)^5,1

Konrad (?) Vogt von Schwarzach, Graf in der Ortenau died circa 982.¹
     Reference: Genealogics cites:

; Per Med Lands:
     " KONRAD [Kuno] ([915/20]-26 Apr 982). Regino records that in 950 "Chuonradis filius Gebehardis comitis quoniam cum quadem nepte regis se concubuisse sibi imposuit, a quodam Burchardo Saxone monomachia victus, fefellise patuit"[255]. His birth date range is estimated for consistency with the careers of the other known members of his family. Thietmar records that "a certain Cono defamed the emperor's daughter Conrad's wife and claimed that she had secretly become his wife", but that he lost his right hand in the duel with "Count Burchard" which resulted[256]. It has been assumed that "Cono" should be identified with Konrad son of Gebhard. Vogt von Schwarzach. Graf im Lobdengau: "Otto…rex" granted property to Worms St Peter, among which "tertiam parte…in castello Lobodunburg…in pago Lobodungouue in comitatu Counradi", by charter dated 13 Jan 953[257]. The necrology of Fulda records the death "982 VI Kal Mai" of "Cuonrat com"[258].
     "m ---. The name of Konrad's wife is not known."
Med Lands cites:

     Konrad (?) Duke of Lower Lorraine, Emperor Elect was born on 12 February 1074.^3,9,2,5 He married Constance (?) de Hauteville of Sicily, daughter of Roger I de Hauteville Count of Sicily and Eremburge (?) de Mortain, in 1095.^{9,2,10,11,12,13}

Konrad (?) Duke of Lower Lorraine, Emperor Elect died on 27 July 1101 at age 27.^1,2,3,9,5
Konrad (?) Duke of Lower Lorraine, Emperor Elect was buried after 27 July 1101 at Florence, Città Metropolitana di Firenze, Toscana, Italy.⁵
     Reference: Genealogics cites: Stammtafeln zur Geschichte der Europäischen Staaten, 4 volumes, Marburg, 1953, 1975., W. K. Prinz von Isenburg, Reference: I 4.¹⁴

; Per Genealogy.EU: "Konrad, Duke of Lower Lorraine (1076-87), *12.2.1074, +27.7.1101; m.1095 Constance of Sicily (+ca 1138.)¹⁵"

; Per Med Lands:
     "KONRAD (12 Feb 1074-Florence 27 Jul 1101, bur Florence). He was installed as KONRAD Duke of Lower Lotharingia by his father in 1076, on the death of Godefroi III "le Bossu" Duke of Lower Lotharingia, with Albert III Comte de Namur as vice-duke[457]. His father crowned him associate king of Germany at Aachen 30 May 1087, at which time the duchy of Lower Lotharingia was conferred on Godefroi de Bouillon [Boulogne]. He rebelled against his father in 1093 and allied himself with Pope Urban II and Matilda di Canossa. He was crowned king of Italy in Milan by Archbishop Anselm, although he is also referred to as king of Lombardy[458]. His father excluded him from the succession in 1098, and declared him deposed[459], although by that time Emperor Heinrich had returned to Germany and appears to have had little influence on affairs in Italy. The Annales Sancti Diibodi record the death in 1101 of "Cuonradus filius imperatoris" in Italy and his burial "in civitate Florentia"[460].
     "m (Pisa 1095) CONSTANZA of Sicily, daughter of ROGER I Count of Sicily & [his second wife Eremburge de Mortain] (-after Jul 1101). The Chronicon of Bernold records the marriage in 1095 "in Tusciam Pisas" of "Chonradus rex" and "filiam Rogerii ducis de Sicilia, adhuc admodum parvulum cum inaudita pecunia" but does not name the bride[461]. Malaterra records the marriage in 1095 in Pisa of "Corradum…Henrici filium" and "filiam Siculorum Calabriensium comite" but also does not name her[462]. Houben says "we think the bride was called Maximilla" but cites no source to support this[463]. The primary source which names her has not yet been identified. She returned to southern Italy after her husband's death."
Med Lands cites: Konrad (?) Duke of Lower Lorraine, Emperor Elect was also known as Konrad (?) of Franconia.⁹

; Per Racines et Histoire: "2) Constance ép. 1095 Konrad, duc de Franconie et de BasseLorraine ° ~1074 + 1101."¹² He was Duke of Lower Lorraine between 1076 and 1087.^4,2

     Æthelweard/Ethelweard (?) was born circa 880.²
Æthelweard/Ethelweard (?) died on 26 October 922.^1,6,2

     Jarl Ulf (?) Reichsverweser of Norway married Astric/Astrith/Astrid/Estrid Svenssdotter (?) of Denmark, daughter of Svend I Haraldsen Tveskæg/Forkbeard' (?) King of Denmark and England and Sigrid Storråda "the Haughty" Skoglar-Testedotter (?),
;
Her 2nd husband.^1,2,7,8
Jarl Ulf (?) Reichsverweser of Norway died in 1026.²
     ; Per Med Lands:
     "ESTRID [Margrete] Svendsdatter (-9 May ----, bur Roskilde). Adam of Bremen records that "Chnud…rex Danorum" gave "suam…germanam Margaretam pro foedere" to "comitis Nortmannorum Rikardi" and, after she was repudiated by Richard, to "Wolf duci Angliæ"[216]. The Chronicon Roskildense records that "Kanutus" gave "sororem…Estrith" to "Richardo", who repudiated her, after which she married "duci Ulf" without her brother´s consent[217]. Snorre names "Astrid, a daughter of King Svein Forkbeard" as wife of Earl Ulf, specifying that she was "a sister of Canute the Great by the father's side and of the Swedish king Olaf Eirikson by the mother's side, for her mother was Queen Sigrid the Haughty, a daughter of Skoglar Toste"[218]. Morkinskinna names “the lady Ástrídr…sister of two kings, Knútr the Great and Óláfr the Swede” as daughter of “King Sveinn Forkbeard…and Sigrídr en stórráda” who had previously been married to King Eirikr enn sigrsæli” and wife of “Jarl Úlfr sprakalegge”[219]. Saxo Grammaticus also records her betrothal[220].
     "Betrothed (after 1017) to RICHARD II "le Bon/l'Irascible" Duke of Normandy, son of RICHARD I "Sans Peur" Comte [de Normandie] & his second wife Gunnora --- (-23 Aug 1026).
     "m ULF Thrugilson Jarl [Wulfsige Sprakling], son of THORGILS Sprakling [THRUGILS Sprakaleg] & his wife --- (-murdered Roskilde 1026, bur Roskilde)."
Med Lands cites:
; Per Genealogy.EU (Denmark): “C4. Estrid Svenssdotter; 1m: 1017 Duke Richard II of Normandy (*996 +28.8.1026); 2m: Ulf Jarl, Reichsverweser of Denmark (+1026)”.⁹

     Astric/Astrith/Astrid/Estrid Svenssdotter (?) of Denmark and Richard II "The Good" (?) Duke of Normandy were divorced.^12,9
Astric/Astrith/Astrid/Estrid Svenssdotter (?) of Denmark was buried at Roskilde Cathedral, Roskilde, Roskilde Kommune, Sjælland, Denmark (now); NB: Med Lands resports that she was buried at Roskilde Cathedral, but Find A Grave says her body was lost or destroyed."¹³ She married Richard II "The Good" (?) Duke of Normandy, son of Richard I "The Fearless" (?) 3rd Duke of Normandy and Gunnora (Gunnor, Gonnor) de Crepon Duchess of Normandy, in 1017
;
His 2nd wife; her 1st husband. Per Henry Project: "Possible additional wife or intended wife (of either Richard II or his son Robert): Estrid/Margaret, daughter of Svend I of Denmark, and mother of Svend II of Denmark by her husband Jarl Ulf.
See the page on Robert for more discussion of the accounts that suggest that Estrid was a wife of either Richard II or his son Robert."^{2,4,5,14,12,15,9,10} Astric/Astrith/Astrid/Estrid Svenssdotter (?) of Denmark married Jarl Ulf (?) Reichsverweser of Norway, son of Jarl Thorkill Sprakalaeg (?),
;
Her 2nd husband.^1,5,9,10
     ; Per Med Lands:
     "RICHARD, son of RICHARD I "Sans-Peur" Comte [de Normandie] & his second wife Gunnora --- (-23 Aug 1026, bur Fécamp). Ademar names Richard as son of "Richardus Rotomagensis"[160]. Guillaume of Jumièges names “Richardum...et Robertum atque Malgerium aliosque duos” as the sons of Richard and his wife “Gunnor ex nobilissima Danorum prosapia ortam”[161]. Robert of Torigny names "Ricardum…qui ei successit et Robertum postea archiepiscopum Rothomagensium et Malgerium comitem Curbuliensem, aliosque duos" as the sons of "Ricardi primi ducis Normanniæ" and Gunnora[162]. He succeeded his father in 996 as RICHARD II "le Bon/l'Irascible" Comte de Normandie. Orderic Vitalis records the death in 996 of "Ricardo seniore" and the succession of “Ricardus Gunnorides filius eius” who held “ducatum Normanniæ” for 30 years[163]. An agreement between the abbots of Jumièges and Bougeuil concerning an exchange of land in Poitou, by charter dated [13 Apr/4 Apr] 1012, is subscribed by "Richardus…filius Ricardi principi magni, filius eius Richardus et…mater Richardi comitis Gunnor, uxor comitis Richardi…"[164]. Duke of Normandy [1015]. “Ricardus princeps et dux Normannorum, filius Ricardi seniroris” donated “villam...Fontes in Braio...Brendelcurt cum ecclesia...æcclesiam de Nouobosco, æcclesiam de Bosmesnil...” to Saint-Wandrille, at the request of “Yvonis...militis”, by charter dated to [1024], subscribed by “Riccardi principis Normannorum, Papie comitisse, Roberti archipresulis fratris eiusdem principis, Yvonis militis...Hugonis Baiocensis episcopi, Girardi Flagitelli...”[165]. He intervened on behalf of his son-in-law Renaud Comte Palatin de Bourgogne, who had been imprisoned by Hugues de Chalon, by sending troops to devastate Chalon in 1026 and procure his release. According to Adam of Bremen, after repudiating his betrothal to the sister of Knud King of Denmark, Duke Richard left for Jerusalem to escape the Danish king's wrath and died there[166], but this is inconsistent with the duke's third marriage. "Secundus nominis mei Normannorum dux Ricardus" confirmed donations to Fécamp abbey, for the soul of "conjugis mee…Judith", by charter dated 1027 (misdated), signed by "Ricardi filii Gulberti, Nigelli vicecomitis…Storstingi vicecomitis"[167]. The necrology of Saint-Père-en-Vallée records the death "X Kal Sep" of "Ricardus comes"[168]. The necrology of the abbey of Saint-Germain-des-Prés records the death "X Kal Sep" of "[Ricar]dus Normannorum secundus"[169]. The necrology of the abbey of Saint-Denis records the death "X Kal Sep" of "Ricardus Rothomagensium comes"[170]. The necrology of Verdun Saint-Vanne records the death "X Kal Sep" of "Richardus comes"[171], although the connection between Duke Richard and Verdun has not been established. The Brevis Relatio de Origine Willelmi Conquestoris records that "Ricardus…filius Willelmi et alius Ricardus" were buried "Fiscanni"[172].
     "m firstly (Mont Saint-Michel [1000]) JUDITH de Bretagne, daughter of CONAN I "le Tort" Duke of Brittany & his wife Ermengarde d'Anjou ([982]-16 Jun 1017). Guillaume of Jumièges records the marriage of “dux Richardus” and “Goiffredum Britannorum comitem...sororem...Iudith” at “limina Archangeli Michaelis”[173]. Orderic Vitalis records that “Ricardus Gunnorides...et Judith uxor eius soror Gaufredi Britonum comitis” founded “cœnobium apud Bernaïcum in honore sanctæ Dei genitricis Mariæ”[174]. An agreement between the abbots of Jumièges and Bougeuil concerning an exchange of land in Poitou, by charter dated [13 Apr/4 Apr] 1012, is subscribed by "Richardus…filius Ricardi principi magni…Judith…"[175]. The Chronicle of Caen Saint-Etienne records the death in 1017 of "Judita comitissa"[176].
     "Betrothed (after 1017) to ESTRID [Margrete] Svendsdatter, daughter of SVEND I "Tveskæg/Forkbeard" King of Denmark & his second wife Sigrid “Storråda/the Haughty” (-9 May ----, bur Roskilde Cathedral). Adam of Bremen records that "Chnud…rex Danorum" gave "suam…germanam Margaretam pro foedere" to "comitis Nortmannorum Rikardi" and after, she was repudiated by Richard, to "Wolf duci Angliæ"[177]. Saxo Grammaticus also records her betrothal[178]. The Chronicon Roskildense records that "Kanutus" gave "sororem…Estrith" to "Richardo", who repudiated her, after which she married "duci Ulf" without her brother´s consent[179]. She later married Ulf Thrugilson Jarl [Wulfsige Sprakeling].
     "m secondly PAPIA [Poppa], daughter of --- (-after 1047). Guillaume of Jumièges records that Duke Richard II married secondly after the death of his first wife “Papiam” by whom he had “Malgerium...archipræsulem et Willelmum Archacensem”[180]. She is named "Poppa", Duke Richard's second wife, by Orderic Vitalis[181]. The names of two of Papia’s brothers are found in the following two sources, but no other indication of her family origin. The Chronicon Fontanellense names “Papia” as second wife of Duke Richard, adding that “cuius fratres Ansfredus et Osbernus” were monks at Fontanelle[182]. “Osbernus et Anfredus fratres, tempore Ricardi secundi comitis, qui eorum sororem Papiam in coniugio habebat” donated “alodum...in monasterio Odelerii cum capella S. Desiderii” to Saint-Wandrille by charter dated to [1024][183]. “Ricardus princeps et dux Normannorum, filius Ricardi senioris” donated “villam...Fontes in Braio...Brendelcurt cum ecclesia...æcclesiam de Nouobosco, æcclesiam de Bosmesnil...” to Saint-Wandrille, at the request of “Yvonis...militis”, by charter dated to [1024], subscribed by “Riccardi principis Normannorum, Papie comitisse, Roberti archipresulis fratris eiusdem principis, Yvonis militis...Hugonis Baiocensis episcopi, Girardi Flagitelli...”[184]. "Duke Richard [II]" donated property to the abbey of Mont Saint-Michel by charter dated to [1024/26], subscribed by "…Papie uxoris comitis"[185]. "Guillelmus Archensis comes et frater meus Malgerius Archiepiscopus" donated the vill of Periers sur Andelle to the monastery of Saint-Ouen at Rouen, at the request of "matris mee Paveie" and the consent of "Guilielmo Normannorum comite", by charter dated to [1047/50][186]. "
Med Lands cites:
; Per Racines et Histoire (Normandie): “2) Richard II «Le Bon» ou «Sans Peur» ° ~958 996 + 23 ou 28?/08/1026 comte de Rouen, duc de Normandie (996)
     ép. 1) 1000 (ou 982 ?) Judith de Bretagne ° 982 (ou 962 ?) + 17/06/1017 (fille de Conan 1er «Le Tort» comte de Rennes, duc de Bretagne)
     ép. 2) 1017 (répud.) Estrid de Danemark (fille de Sveyn 1er «A la Barbe Fourchue», roi de Danemark, Norvège et d’Angleterre)
     X) liaison avec Papia + après 1052”.¹⁶
; Per Weis: “Richard II, 'the good,' duke of Normandy, d. 28 Aug. 1026; mn. (1) abt. 1000, Judith (121-22) of Brittany, b. abt. 982, d. 1017, dau. of Conan I, Count of rennes; m. (2) 1017 Astrid (Margaret), dau. of Swen I, King of Denmark; m. (3) abt. 1024, Poppa. He had many children by (1) and (3).”.¹⁷ Astric/Astrith/Astrid/Estrid Svenssdotter (?) of Denmark was also known as Estrid/Margrete Svendsdatter (?) of Denmark.^10,9 Astric/Astrith/Astrid/Estrid Svenssdotter (?) of Denmark was also known as Estrith (?)¹¹

Reference: Genealogics cites:

; Per Med Lands:
     "ESTRID [Margrete] Svendsdatter (-9 May ----, bur Roskilde). Adam of Bremen records that "Chnud…rex Danorum" gave "suam…germanam Margaretam pro foedere" to "comitis Nortmannorum Rikardi" and, after she was repudiated by Richard, to "Wolf duci Angliæ"[216]. The Chronicon Roskildense records that "Kanutus" gave "sororem…Estrith" to "Richardo", who repudiated her, after which she married "duci Ulf" without her brother´s consent[217]. Snorre names "Astrid, a daughter of King Svein Forkbeard" as wife of Earl Ulf, specifying that she was "a sister of Canute the Great by the father's side and of the Swedish king Olaf Eirikson by the mother's side, for her mother was Queen Sigrid the Haughty, a daughter of Skoglar Toste"[218]. Morkinskinna names “the lady Ástrídr…sister of two kings, Knútr the Great and Óláfr the Swede” as daughter of “King Sveinn Forkbeard…and Sigrídr en stórráda” who had previously been married to King Eirikr enn sigrsæli” and wife of “Jarl Úlfr sprakalegge”[219]. Saxo Grammaticus also records her betrothal[220].
     "Betrothed (after 1017) to RICHARD II "le Bon/l'Irascible" Duke of Normandy, son of RICHARD I "Sans Peur" Comte [de Normandie] & his second wife Gunnora --- (-23 Aug 1026).
     "m ULF Thrugilson Jarl [Wulfsige Sprakling], son of THORGILS Sprakling [THRUGILS Sprakaleg] & his wife --- (-murdered Roskilde 1026, bur Roskilde)."
Med Lands cites:

; Per Genealogy.EU (Denmark): “C4. Estrid Svenssdotter; 1m: 1017 Duke Richard II of Normandy (*996 +28.8.1026); 2m: Ulf Jarl, Reichsverweser of Denmark (+1026)”.¹⁸ She was living in 1020.⁹

     Alexander II (?) Emperor of Byzantium married Zoe Carbonospine.¹
Alexander II (?) Emperor of Byzantium was born circa 867; Leo van de Pas says b. ca 868.^1,2
Alexander II (?) Emperor of Byzantium died on 6 June 913.^1,2
      ; Leo van de Pas cites: Stammtafeln zur Geschichte der Europäischen Staaten, 4 volumes, Marburg, 1953, 1975., W. K. Prinz von Isenburg, Reference: II 141.² He was co-emperor of Byzantium between 879 and 912.¹ He was Emperor of Byzantium between 912 and 913.⁴

     Maria/Irene (?) of Byzantium married Peter I (?) Tsar of the Bulgarians in 927 at Constantinople, Byzantium.^1,2,3

     Peter I (?) Tsar of the Bulgarians married Maria/Irene (?) of Byzantium, daughter of Christophorus (?) Emperor of Byzantium and Sophia (?), in 927 at Constantinople, Byzantium.^1,2,3

Peter I (?) Tsar of the Bulgarians died in 969.^2,3
      ; Tsar Peter I of the Bulgarians (927-969), +969; m.Constaninople 927 Maria=Irene (+ca 963), dau.of Christophoros Lekapenos, and granddau. of Emperor Romanos I of Byzantium, and had issue:
"     G1. Tsar Boris II of the Bulgarians (969-971), +984/986
"     G2. Roman, spent most of his life as a hostage and/or prisoner of the Byzantines and Russians, +997/8.³
He was Tsar of the Bulgarians between 927 and 969.³

     Nikephoros II Phokas Emperor of Byzantium married Anastasia Theophana (?), daughter of Krateros (?) and Maria (?), after 963
;
His 2nd wife; her 2nd husband.^4,5,6,3
Nikephoros II Phokas Emperor of Byzantium died on 11 December 969; murdered.^7,3
      ; Per Med Lands:
     "NIKEFOROS Fokas (-murdered 10/11 Dec 969). Zonaras records that Emperor Konstantinos VII appointed "Nicephorum filius eius, qui post [imperator]" as "prætorem Orientis" when he installed his father "Phocam Bardam magistrum"[1339]. Cedrenus records that, after his restoration (944), Emperor Konstantinos VII appointed "Bardum Phocam" to "magistri honore" and "domesticum scholarum Orientis", "Nicephorum et Leonem eius filios" as "Orientalium ducem" and "Cappadociæ…ducem" respectively, and "Constantinum tertium eius filium" as "Seleuciæ [præfectus]"[1340]. Theophanes Continuatus records that "Nicephoro Niceta (Phoca nuncupato)" was created "magister et scholarum domesticus"[1341]. He succeeded his father end-954 as supreme commander of the Byzantine army, domestikos of the Eastern Scholai. Theophanes Continuatus records that "Nicephorum patricium ac ducem Asiaticorum eiusdem filium" succeeded "Bardas Phocas" as "domesticum"[1342]. Emperor Romanos II left the government entirely in the hands of Nikeforos Fokas, the latter capturing Crete in 961, and Anazarbus and Marash in Germanikaia in 962[1343]. He was acclaimed Emperor NIKEFOROS II by his troops in Cæsarea. He entered Constantinople 14 Aug 963, was crowned 16 Aug, and married his predecessor's widow. Runciman calls Emperor Nikeforos a "grim, unlovable man"[1344], he was an ardent admirer of Saint Athanasios whom he financed to build the monastery on Mount Athos[1345]. He legislated against the growth of ecclesiastical property in 964, bringing to an end the founding of new monasteries. Seeing the fight against Islam as a sacred mission, he pursued his campaigns in the east, conquering Cilicia in 965, Cyprus in 966, and large parts of Syria including Antioch 29 Oct 969[1346]. He refused to pay the annual tribute to Bulgaria, which he claimed was voided by the death of Maria Lekapene who had married Tsar Peter. Emperor Nikeforos attacked Bulgarian border fortresses, then summoned Sviatoslav Grand Prince of Kiev to attack Bulgaria. The Grand Prince exceeded the terms of his mission by conquering Bulgaria[1347]. Cedrenus records how his wife "Theophano Augusta" conspired with "Tzimiscam", dated to [968/69] from the context, and how Niekphoros was murdered "nocte 11 Decembris, indictione 13"[1348].
     "m firstly --- (-before 963). The name of Nikeforos's first wife is not known. Leo Diaconus records the death of "uxorisque ac filii Bardæ" (referring to Nikeforos) before he became emperor[1349].
     "m secondly (20 Sep 963) as her second husband, THEOFANO, widow of Emperor ROMANOS II, daughter of KRATEROS (the wine seller) & his wife --- (943-after 969). Leo Diaconus names "Theophano, obscuro loco nata" when recording that she was regent for "filii eius Basilius et Constantinus infantes" after the death of her first husband, recording her second marriage in a later passage[1350]. Cedrenus records that "Nicephorus imperator" married "Theophanonem" 20 Sep after becoming emperor (in 963)[1351]. Regent in 963 for her infant sons by her first marriage co-Emperors Basileios II and Konstantinos VII. They were set aside by Nikeforos Fokas who was crowned emperor and married Theofano. Zonaras records that Nikeforos took "Theophanonen…cum liberis eius" with him when he invaded Cilicia in the second year of his reign[1352]. She became the mistress of Ioannes Tzimiskes, and betrayed her husband. Cedrenus records how "Theophano Augusta" conspired with "Tzimiscam", dated to [968/69] from the context[1353]. Cedrenus records that Patriarch Polyeuktes required Emperor Ioannes to send "Theophanonem" in "Proconnesum", but that she was rescued by "Basilio cubiculario" and sent "in provinciam Armenicam…in Damidis monasterium", while "mater…Theophanonis" was exiled "in Mantineum"[1354]."
Med Lands cites:

; Leo van de Pas cites: Genealogists' Magazine Journal of the Society of Genealogists London, Reference: March 1991.¹ Nikephoros II Phokas Emperor of Byzantium was also known as Nicephorus II Phocas Emperor of Byzantium.^4,5 He was Emperor of Byzantium between 963 and 969.⁴

; Nicephorus II Phocas, who had carried on a successful campaign in the east. He seized control and married the widowed Empress Theophano. Never popular, especially with the clergy, Nicephorus, by his victories in the field, helped to raise the empire to its greatest glory.⁸

     Theodora (?) married John I Tzimisces Emperor of Byzantinium.^1,2