Person Page - 351

     Matilda (?) de France, Queen consort of Burgundy was born circa 943.^1,2,9,4 She married Conrad I "The Peaceful" (?) King of Burgundy, son of Rudolf II (?) King of Upper Burgundy, King of Italy and Berthe (?) of Swabia, after 964
; his 2nd wife.^{10,11,2,1,12,13}
Matilda (?) de France, Queen consort of Burgundy died between 981 and 982; Genealogics says d. between 25 Nov 982 and 991; Wikipedia says d. 26 Nov 981-982.^1,9,4
Matilda (?) de France, Queen consort of Burgundy was buried between 981 and 982 at Saint Maurice de Vienne, Vienne, Departement de l'Isere, Rhône-Alpes, France; From Find A Grave:
     BIRTH     943
     DEATH     27 Jan 992 (aged 48–49)
     Family Members
     Parents
          Louis IV 920–954
          Gerberga of Saxony 913–969
     Spouse
          Conrad of Burgundy 925–993
     Siblings
          Charles Of Lower Lorraine
          Lothaire 941–986
     Half Siblings
          Gerberge of Lorraine
          Alberade de Roucy 930–973
     Children
          Bertha Of Burgundy
          Gerberga of Burgundy
     BURIAL     Saint Maurice de Vienne, Vienne, Departement de l'Isère, Rhône-Alpes, France
     Created by: Lutetia
     Added: 10 Feb 2012
     Find A Grave Memorial 84755841.¹⁴
      ; Per Genealogics: "Mahaut was born in 943, the daughter of Louis IV d'Outremer, king of France, and Gerberga von Sachsen. In 964 she became the second wife of Conrad I, king of Burgundy, son of Rudolf II, king of Burgundy, and Bertha von Schwaben. They had at least five children of whom Bertha and Gerberge would have progeny. Mahaut died on 25 November of a year between 982 and 991."⁹

Reference: Genealogics cites: Stammtafeln zur Geschichte der Europäischen Staaten, 4 volumes, Marburg, 1953, 1975., W. K. Prinz von Isenburg, Reference: II 12,23.⁹

; Per Wikipedia:
     "Matilda of France (943 – 26 November 981/982), a member of the Carolingian dynasty, was Queen of Burgundy from about 964 until her death, by her marriage with King Conrad I.
Life
     "She was born in late 943 to King Louis IV of France (920/921–954), ruler of West Francia, and his wife, Gerberga of Saxony (d. about 984), sister of the East Frankish king Otto I. At the time of her birth, the Carolingian rule had already weakened: King Louis attempted to stable his reign by the marriage with an East Frankish princess, while he fought with the reluctant dukes of Normandy and with the forces of his Robertian rival Hugh the Great.
     "When Matilda's brother, 13-year-old Lothair ascended the French throne in 954, Gerberga acted as regent. In 964 Matilda was married to Conrad I (d. 993), the Welf ruler of the united Burgundian Kingdom of Arles since 937.[1] King Conrad strongly relied on the support of Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor since 962, Matilda's maternal uncle and husband of Conrad's sister Adelaide. As her dowry, the young queen brought her husband the city of Vienne, which her brother Lothair had ceded to her.[2]
Issue
     "Her children were:
     "Matilda was outlived by her husband, she probably died after 981. She is buried in Vienne Cathedral
References
1. Burgundy and Provence, 879-1032, Constance Brittain Bourchard, The New Cambridge Medieval History: Volume 3, C.900-c.1024, ed. Rosamond McKitterick and Timothy Reuter, (Cambridge University Press, 1999), 342.
2. Burgundy and Provence, 879-1032, Constance Brittain Bourchard, The New Cambridge Medieval History: Volume 3, C.900-c.1024, 335."⁴


; Per Med Lands: "MATHILDE (end-943-26/27 Jan [981/992], bur Vienne, cathédrale Saint-Maurice). The Genealogica Arnulfi Comitis names (in order) "Hlotharium Karolum Ludovicum et Mathildim" as children of "Hludovicum ex regina Gerberga"[389]. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines records the marriage of "rex Francorum Lotharius…sororem suam Mathildem" and "Conradus rex Burgundie"[390]. "Mathilde et Alberada" are named as daughters of "Gerberga" in the Continuator of Flodoard, which specifies that Mathilde was mother of "Rodulfus rex et Mathildis soror eius"[391]. Her brother King Lothaire arranged this marriage to strengthen his position in south-eastern France. Her dowry consisted of the counties of Lyon and Vienne[392]. m ([964]) as his second wife, CONRAD I "le Pacifique" King of Burgundy [Welf], son of RUDOLF II King of Upper Burgundy & his wife Berta of Swabia ([922/25]-Vienne 19 Oct 993, bur Vienne, cathédrale Saint-Maurice)."
Med Lands cites:

; Per Genealogy.EU: "Mathilde of Burgundy (?), *ca 943, +982/991; m.ca 964 King Conrad of Burgundy (*ca 925 +10.10.993.)¹⁶" GAV-29 EDV-29 GKJ-29.

Reference: Weis [1992:128] Line 157-19.¹⁰ Matilda (?) de France, Queen consort of Burgundy was also known as Mahaut de France.⁹

     Lucie de L'Aigle married Richard I de Beaumont Vcte de Beaumont, de Fresnay et de Sainte-Suzanne, son of Roscelin/Raoul I de Beaumont vicomte du Maine and Constance/Maud (?) of England, before 1177
;
Her 1st husband.^3,1,2
Lucie de L'Aigle died after 1 April 1217.^1,2 She married Thibault III de Mathefelon Seigneur de Mathefelon before 1218
;
His 2nd wife; her 2nd husband
     NB Med Lands says this marriage may be in doubt.^4,2
      ; Per Med Lands:
     "LUCIE de Laigle (-1 Apr after 1217). The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified. "Ricardus vicecomes Sancte Susanne" granted rights to the hospice of Raillon, with the consent of "Lucie uxoris mee et Radulfi filii mei", by charter dated to [1165/77][1145]. "Radulfus vicecomes Sancte Suzanne" donated the chapel of Raillon to the abbey of Angers Saint-Aubin, for the soul of "patris mei Richardi", with the consent of "matre mea Lucia vicecomitissa", by charter dated to [1200][1146]. "Lucia vicecomitissa Sancte Suzanne" donated property to Notre-Dame de la Trappe for the soul of "domini R viri mei" with the consent of "R vicecomitis Belli Montis filii sui" by charter dated 1208[1147]. The necrology of Notre-Dame-de-Beauport records the death "Kal Apr" of "matris prime uxoris comitis Alani fundatoris nostri" [Alain [I] d´Avaugour, husband of Lucie´s daughter Petronille][1148]. [According to Angot, Lucie married secondly as his second wife, Thibaut [III] Seigneur de Mathefelon, without citing any primary source on which this information is based[1149]. He dates this supposed second marriage to “avant 1205”, although his basis for this date is unclear and, if the marriage is correct, it would seem incorrect in light of the charter dated 1208 in which her supposed second husband is not named (see above). Europäische Stammtafeln names “Luce de l’Aigle dame de Loué et de Loiron” as the second wife of Thibaut [III] but does not specify her parentage or supposed first marriage[1150]. A difficulty is that Europäische Stammtafeln dates the death of Thibaut’s second wife to “16 Dec” (implying that this date is based on a necrology entry, which has not yet been identified), while the necrology of Notre-Dame de Beauport dates the death of Richard [I]’s widow to 1 Apr, as noted above. Until more information comes to light, it is suggested that this supposed second marriage be treated with caution.]
     "m [firstly] RICHARD [I] Vicomte de Beaumont, son of ROSCELIN Vicomte de Beaumont & his wife Constance [of England] (-25 Jan [1197/99], bur Etival).
     "[m secondly as his second wife, THIBAUT [III] Seigneur de Mathefelon, son of THIBAUT [II] Seigneur de Mathefelon & his wife Mathilde de Mayenne (-[May 1238/Dec 1239]).]"
Med Lands cites: GAV-21 EDV-23.

     Constance de Beaumont married Sir Roger IV de Toeni (de Conches) Lord of Flamstead, son of Ralph V de Toeni (de Conches) Lord of Flamstead and Margaret/Marguerite de Beaumont, before 22 September 1199
; Genealogy.EU (Beaumont 4 page) says m. bef 22 Sept 1199.^3,1,4,2,5
Constance de Beaumont died after 1226; living overseas in 1226.^3,6,1,2
     GAV-22 EDV-22 GKJ-23.

     Diego Lainez de Vivar of Castile married Teresa Nunez de Amayo, daughter of Rodrigo Alvarez de Amayo.³

Diego Lainez de Vivar of Castile died circa 1058.⁴
     ; Per Weis [1992:104]: "2. El Cid (Rodrigo Diaz de Bibar (Vivar)), b. ca 1043, d. Valencia, 10 July 1099, "el Campeador," great national hero of Spain, subj. of epic poems & ballads, ruler Valencia 15 June 1094-1099, s. Diego Lainez de Bibar in Castile, d. ca. 1058, m. 14 July 1074, Jimena (Ximena), d. ca. 1115, dau. Diego, Count de Oviedo, and Cristina (great-grandau. Alfonso V, King of Leon). (Moriarty, The Plantagenet Ancestry, pp. 82, 109-110; Joseph R. Strayer, er., Dict. of the Middle Ages, vol. 3, p. 386)."⁵ GAV-27 EDV-27 GKJ-27.

; Fletcher (p. 108): "Rodrigo's [El Cid's] father, Diego Laínez, was a distinguished soldier who defeated the Navarrese in battle and recovered from them a number of places ceded by Fernando I to his brother García of Navarre in 1037-8: Ubierna, just north of Vivar in the valley of the river of the same name, Urbel and La Piedra a few miles away to the north-west. These explouts, hard to date, may have occurred during the late 1050's."⁶

     Cristina Fernandez (?) married Conde Diego Fernández de Asturias (?)
;
His 2nd wife.^2,4
Cristina Fernandez (?) died circa 1037.
     ; Per Weis [1992:104]: "2. El Cid (Rodrigo Diaz de Bibar (Vivar)), b. ca 1043, d. Valencia, 10 July 1099, "el Campeador," great national hero of Spain, subj. of epic poems & ballads, ruler Valencia 15 June 1094-1099, s. Diego Lainez de Bibar in Castile, d. ca. 1058, m. 14 July 1074, Jimena (Ximena), d. ca. 1115, dau. Diego, Count de Oviedo, and Cristina (great-grandau. Alfonso V, King of Leon). (Moriarty, The Plantagenet Ancestry, pp. 82, 109-110; Joseph R. Strayer, er., Dict. of the Middle Ages, vol. 3, p. 386)."⁵
; Per Med Lands:
     "DIEGO Fernández (-[before 24 Jul 1046]). There are two possibilities for the parentage of Diego Fernández. Either he could have been Diego Fernández, son of Fernando Gundemáriz & his wife Muniadomna Ordóñez or, secondly, he could have been Diego Fernández, son of Fernando Flaínez & his wife Elvira Peláez. Discussion about the relative merits of each case appears to revolve around the description of his daughter Jimena as "nieta del rey don Alfonsso [indicating Alfonso VI King of Castile], filla del conte don Diago de Asturias" in the "Corónicas" Navarras (as well as in other narrative sources)[491]. Menéndez Pidal, in order to explain this family relationship, hypothesised that Diego´s [second] wife “Cristina” was the daughter of Fernando Gundemáriz and his supposed wife “Jimena, daughter of Alfonso V King of León”[492]. This approach would be consistent with the second possible parentage noted above, but as discussed in Part F of the present chapter under Fernando Gundemáriz, there appear to be several difficulties with the hypothesis. A more straightforward solution is the first possible parentage noted above, which would satisfactorily explain the family relationship with King Alfonso VI and does not require any speculation about the parentage of Diego´s second wife. Conde. "Diaco Fernandiz comes" confirmed the charter dated 19 Jan [1026] under which "Stephanus presbiter" donated "ipsa corte" to the monastery of San Andrés, San Facundo and San Martín in Tolia, Zamora[493]. “...Didacus Fredenandiz comes...” subscribed the charter dated 30 Dec 1028 under which Vermudo III King of León donated “villam...Cordario” to Santiago de Compostela[494]. The 24 Jul 1046 charter of his daughter Oneca [Mayor] appears to indicate that her parents were both deceased at that date.
     "m [firstly] ELVIRA Ovéquiz, daughter of conde OVECO Sánchez & his wife Elo ---. Her parentage and marriage are confirmed by a charter dated 24 Jul 1046 which refers to property which “comitissa domna Gelvira et…viro suo Didaco Fredenandi” inherited from “comite domno Oveco et domna Eilo”, another charter dated 19 Apr 1058 specifying that “conde Oveco Sanchez” was father of Elvira[495].
     "[m secondly [CRISTINA], daughter of [FERNANDO Gundemáriz & his wife Muniadomna Ordóñez]. Torres refers to a copy of a document at Oviedo, the original of which has disappeared, which names “Cristina” as the mother of Jimena, daughter of Diego Fernández Conde [in Asturias] and wife of Rodrigo Díaz "el Cid"[496]. Menéndez Pidal hypothesises that Diego´s wife was the daughter of Fernando Gundemáriz[497]. As noted above, another possibility is to identify Diego Fernández with the son of Fernando Gundemáriz (see above). It should be noted that it is not necessary that Conde Diego married a second wife at all in order to explain the various family relationships which are specified in the charters quoted in this section.]"
Med Lands cites:

; Fletcher (p. 108): "...a grand-daughter of King Alfonso V (s. 1028) and Queen Elvira..."⁶ Cristina Fernandez (?) was also known as Ximenia (?) of Leon. GAV-27 EDV-27.

; Per Med Lands:
     "[CRISTINA . Torres refers to a copy of a document at Oviedo, the original of which has disappeared, which names “Cristina” as the mother of Jimena, daughter of Diego Fernández Conde [in Asturias] and wife of Rodrigo Díaz "el Cid"[482]. Menéndez Pidal hypothesises that Diego´s wife was the daughter of Fernando Gundemáriz[483]. As noted above, another possibility is to identify Diego Fernández with the son of Fernando Gundemáriz (see above). It should be noted that it is not necessary that Conde Diego married a second wife at all in order to explain the various family relationships which are specified in the charters quoted in this section.
     "m [as his second wife,] DIEGO Fernández Conde [in Asturias, son of ---.]"
Med Lands cites:

     Hildegarde de Beaugency was born in 1043.^7,2 She married Foulques IV "le Rechin" de Château-Landon Comte de Tours, d'Anjou et de Gatinais, son of Geoffroy II/IV «Ferréol» (?) Cte de Château-Landon et de Beaumont-en-Gâtinais, Comte du Gâtinas and Ermengarde/Blanche (?) Countess of Anjou, Duchess of Burgundy, in 1065
;
His 1st wife; Genealogics says m. 1065; Med Lands says m. 1068.^{3,8,9,10,11,5,6}
Hildegarde de Beaugency died before 1070.^8,7,2,6
      ; Per Racines et Histoire (Gâtinais/Anjou ): “Foulques de Château-Landon, Foulques IV «Le Réchin» d’Anjou ° ~1043 + 14/04/1109 comte de Tours (1060), Gâtinais (1060-1069) et Anjou (1068), reprend le Maine aux Normands (cède en 1069 le Gâtinais (et Château-Landon) au Roi de France Philippe 1er)
     ép. 1) ~1068 Hildegarde de Beaugency ° ~1043 + dès 1070 (fille de Lancelin II)
     ép. 2) 1070 Ermengarde de Bourbon ° ~1055 + 1087 (fille d’Archambaud IV «Le Fort» et de Béliarde ; ép. 2) Guillaume, seigneur de Jaligny)
     ép. 3) 21/01/1076 (div. 1080/81) Orengarde de Châtelaillon ° ~1055 + 1087 (fille d’Isembart, finit religieuse après son divorce)
     ép. 4) après 1080 (div. avant 1089) Mantie de Brienne ° ~1065 (fille de Gautier 1er de Brienne, et d’Eustachie, comtesse de Bar-sur-Seine)
     ép. 5) 1088/89 (div. 15/05/1092) Bertrade de Montfort ° ~1059/61 + 14/02/1117 (Fontevrault) (fille de Simon 1er et d’Agnès d’Evreux ; ép. 2) 15/05/1092 (rép. 1104) Philippe 1er Roi de France + 29/08/1108) ”.⁹

; Per Med Lands:
     "FOULQUES de Château-Landon (1043-14 Apr 1109, bur Anjou Sainte-Trinité). The Historiæ Andegavensis names "Goffridi de Castro Landono et Ermengardis filia Fulconis Comitis Andegavensis" as parents of "Fulco comes Andegavensis"[226]. "Gaufredus comitatus Andecavensis naturalis heres" made donations to Marmoutier dated 1055 in which he names "nepotibus meis…Fulcone vincocinensium comite naturali, Gaufredo et altero Fulcone"[227]. He succeeded, after deposing his brother, as FOULQUES IV "le Rechin" Comte d'Anjou. The Chronicon Vindocinense records that "Fulconi fratri Gaufridi comitis Andegavorum" captured "Salmuri castri…Kal Mar" in 1067 and "II Kal Apr" captured and imprisoned "fratrem suum…comes Gaufredus junior…Barbatum" until his death, although another paragraph of the Chronicon dates the capture to 1068[228]. He ceded Château-Landon and Gâtinais to Philippe I King of France in 1069 in return for the king's recognition of his accession as count[229]. He expelled the Normans from Maine but peace was imposed by William I King of England[230]. The necrology of Angers Cathedral records the death "XVIII Kal Mai" of "Fulco…comes Andagavensis nepos Gaufridi prioris Martelli"[231]. The necrology of Vendôme La Trinité records the death "XVIII Kal Mai" of "Fulco comes Andegavorum"[232]. A list of anniversaries of Vendôme La Trinité records the death "XVIII Kal Mai" of "Fulconis comitis qui iacet in Aquaria"[233]. The Chronicon Vindocinense records the death "XVIII Kal Mai" in 1109 of "Fulco comes Andegavorum…frater comitis Gosfridi…Barbatus" and his burial "in monasterio nostro Andegavense S. Trinitatis"[234].
     "m firstly ([1068]) HILDEGARDE de Baugency, daughter of LANCELIN [II] de Baugency & his wife --- (-before 1070). The Gesta Consulum Andegavorum refers to the first wife of "Fulco Rechin" as "filiam Lancelini de Baugenciaco"[235]. The primary source which confirms her name has not been identified.
     "m secondly (1070, divorced) as her first husband, ERMENGARDE de Bourbon, daughter of ARCHAMBAUD [IV] "le Fort" Seigneur de Bourbon & his wife Béliarde ---. The Gesta Consulum Andegavorum names "Ermengardim filiam Archenbaldi Fortis de Borbone" as second wife of "Fulco Rechin", recording that he divorced her[236]. She married secondly Guillaume Seigneur de Jaligny. The Gesta Consulum Andegavorum names her second husband "Guillelmo Jalinniaci ortam" when recording the marriage of her daughter by this second marriage[237].
     "m thirdly (21 Jan 1076, divorced 1080) ORENGARDE de Châtelaillon, daughter of ISEMBART Seigneur de Châtelaillon & his wife ---. Her parentage and marriage are confirmed by the dating clause of a charter dated 21 Jan "1070" (redated to 1076) which records this as the date when "comes Fulco" married "Aurengarde, filia Isemberti de Castello Allione"[238]. Comte Foulque "Rechin" donated property to Saint-Nicolas d’Angers, for the salvation of "sa femme Orengarde", by charter dated 17 May 1076[239]. She became a nun after her divorce.
     "m fourthly (after 1080, divorced before 1089) --- de Brienne, daughter of GAUTHIER [I] Comte de Brienne & his wife Eustachie Ctss de Bar-sur-Saône . A manuscript genealogy, dated to the early 12th century, records "Windesmode Ingelbertus et Witdo de Upione, ex Ingelberto Walterius comes de Brena, ex Walterio filia nata est ista quam Fulco comes noster uxorem duxerat"[240]. A genealogy presented by Foulques IV "le Réchin" Comte d'Anjou to the bishop of Angers in [1085], justifying the annulment of his fourth marriage with the daughter of Gauthier Comte de Brienne, lists "ex Letaldo, Albericus natus est, ex Alberico, Beatrix, ex Beatrice, Gosfredus de Castello Landonensi, ex Gaufrido, Gaufridus et Fulco presens"[241].
     "m fifthly (1089, divorced [15 May 1092]) as her first husband, BERTRADE de Montfort, daughter of SIMON [I] Comte de Montfort-l'Amaury & his third wife Agnès d'Evreux (-Fontevrault end-1115/1116, bur church of the priory of Hautes-Bruyères, Saint-Remy-l’Honoré, Yvelines). Her parentage is recorded by Orderic Vitalis[242]. The Gesta Consulum Andegavorum refers to the "third wife" of "Fulco Rechin" as "sororem Amalrici de Monte Forti"[243]. She married secondly (15 May 1092, repudiated 1104) as his second wife, Philippe I King of France (-29 Aug 1108). Orderic Vitalis records that “Bertrada...Andegavorum comitissa”, fearing that her husband was about to treat her like his previous two wives, sought protection from “Philippo regi Francorum” who repudiated his own wife and married her, the ceremony being conducted by “Odo Bajocensis episcopus”[244]. In another passage, Orderic Vitalis records that King Philippe abducted Bertrade from her first husband and married her bigamously[245]. The De Genere Comitum Flandrensium, Notæ Parisienses names "Fulconi Richin Andegavensi comiti uxorem suam nomine Bertradam" as second wife of King Philippe whom he abducted from her first husband after repudiating his first wife[246]. William of Tyre records this marriage[247]. Pope Urban II at the Council of Autun excommunicated the king 16 Oct 1094, confirmed at the Council of Clermont 18/28 Nov 1095[248]. The church finally admitted the validity of the marriage after the Council of Paris 2 Dec 1104[249]. Orderic Vitalis alleges that Bertrade tried to poison her stepson Louis so her own sons could succeed to the throne[250]. "Fulco iunior Andegavensium comes Fulconis comitis filius" donated property to the abbey of Fontevraud with the consent of "Bertrade regina matre meo, Philipo fratre meo" by charter dated to [1109/1112/13][251]."
Med Lands cites:

; Per Genealogy.EU (Anjou 2): “B2. Foulques IV "le Rechin", Cte d'Anjou (1068-1109), *1043, +14.4.1109; 1m: Hildegarde de Baugency (+by 1070); 2m: 1070 (div) Ermengarde de Bourbon; 3m: 1076 (div 1080) Ermengarde de Châtel-Aillon; 4m: (div) N de Brienne, a dau.of Gauthier I de Brienne; 5m: 1089 (div ca 1092) Bertrade de Montfort (*ca 1059 +14.2.1117)”.¹²

Reference: Genealogics cites: Burke's Guide to the Royal Family London, 1973 , Reference: 311.⁵ EDV-29.

Reference: Weis [1992:107] line 119-23.³

; Per Racines et Histoire (Beaugency): “? Hildegarde de Beaugency ° ~1043 + dès 1070 (dans les chartes, est dite «fille de Lancelin» (1er ou II ?) : la question reste ouverte...) [H&G, rép. 0.I.35. Beaugency ; H&G, n° 173, rép. 4.III.684. Flandre]
ép. dès 1068 (répud.) Foulques IV «Le Réchin», 7° comte d’Anjou, de Tours et de Gâtinais (~1060/68) ° 14/04/1043 (Château-Landon, 77) + 14/04/1109 (Angers, 49) (fils de Geoffroi II, comte de Gâtinais, seigneur de Château-Landon, et d’Ermengarde d’Anjou ; ép. 2) (répud.) 1070 Ermengarde de Bourbon ; ép. 3) 21/01/1076 ou ~1087 Arengarde de Châtelaillon et/ou Mantie de Brienne) ; ép. 4 ou 5) 1089/91 Bertrade de Montfort ° ~1061 +1118)”.¹⁰

; Per Med Lands:
     "HILDEGARDE de Baugency (-before 1070). The Gesta Consulum Andegavensium refers to the first wife of "Fulco Rechin" as "filiam Lancelini de Baugenciaco"[740]. The primary source which confirms her name has not been identified.
     "m ([1068]) as his first wife, FOULQUES IV "le Réchin" Comte d'Anjou, son of GEOFFROY II Comte de Gâtinais, Seigneur de Château-Landon & his wife Ermengarde d'Anjou (1043-14 Apr 1109)."
Med Lands cites: [740] Gestis Consulum Andegavensium, Chroniques d'Anjou, p. 140.⁶

     Alberge (?) married Lancelin 1er (Landry) de Beaugency seigneur de Beaugency et de la Flèche, son of Landry (?) Seigneur de Beaugency.¹

     EDV-26 GKJ-27.

     EDV22.

     Hoël V (?) Cte de Cornuaille, de Nantes et de Leon, Duc de Bretagne (jure uxoris) was born circa 1031.² He married Hawise/Havoise de Bretagne Duchesse de Bretagne, daughter of Alain III (?) Duc de Bretagne and Bertha (Berthe) de Blois, in 1066.^{7,8,1,2,3,9,10}

Hoël V (?) Cte de Cornuaille, de Nantes et de Leon, Duc de Bretagne (jure uxoris) died on 13 April 1084.^11,1,2,3
      ; Per Genealogics:
     “Hoel was born about 1031, the son of Alain Cagniart, comte de Cornouaille, and Judith de Nantes. He was comte de Cornouaille from 1058 as Hoel V, and after his marriage in 1066 to Havise, duchesse de Bretagne, daughter of Alain III, duc de Bretagne, and Berthe de Blois, he became duke-consort of Brittany until his death. Hoel started the Cornwall dynasty of Brittany, which ruled the duchy until 1156.
     “Little is known of the lives of Havise and Hoel of Cornwall, but their political marriage between the house of Rennes in the east and the house of Cornwall in the west may have further strengthened Brittany against external interference by William 'the Conqueror', king of England. Hoel may have exercised authority through the right of his wife, and continued to control the government after her death in 1072. On Hoel's death in 1084 Havise and Hoel were succeeded to the ducal throne by their 18-year-old son Alain IV Fergent.”.²

Reference: Genealogics cites:

; This is the same person as ”Hoël II, Duke of Brittany” at Wikipedia and as ”Hoël II de Bretagne” at Wikipédia (FR).^12,13 EDV-29 GKJ-28.

; Per Genealogy.EU (Bretagne 4): “A1. Hoël V, Cte de Cornuaille, de Nantes et de Leon, Duc de Bretagne (1066-84), +1084; m.1066 Havoise de Bretagne”

Per Genealogy.EU (Gretagne 3): “E2. Havoise, heiress of Brittany, +1072; m.Hoël de Cornuaille (+1084)”.^14,15

; Per Med Lands:
     "HOËL de Cornouaïlle, son of ALAIN "Caignart" Comte de Cornouaïlle & his wife Judith de Nantes (-13 Apr 1084). The Chronicon Briocensi names "Hoellus Dux filiusque Alani Cagnart et Judith Comitissæ" when recording his marriage[64]. "Benedictus episcopus atque comes" founded the monastery of Locmaria de Quimper, later confirmed by "Alanus comes filius Benedicti supradicti" (witnessed by "…femina ipsius comitis Iudeth…"), by charter dated to [1022/38] which also records a later donation by "Alanus comes et uxor illius Iudeth…et filiæ suæ Hodiernæ abbatissæ", witnessed by "Hoel…filius eiusdem comitis…Moruan vicecomes…"[65]. He succeeded as Comte de Cornouaille, de Nantes, et de Léon. The Chronicæ Sancti Albini records the death in 1084 of "Hoel Brito comes Nannetensis" and his donation to Saint-Nicholas of "insulam…Deneralem"[66]. The Chronicon Britannico records the death in 1084 of "Hoëlus Comes"[67]. The Chronicon Britannico Alter records the death "Id Apr" in 1084 of "Hoellus filius Alani Chainnardi, qui fuit Dux Nannetensis et Britanniæ"[68]. The Chronicon Universum in the cartulary of Sainte-Croix de Quimperlé records the death in 1084 of "Hoel comes"[69]. The Chronicon Kemperlegiense records the death "Id Apr" in 1084 of "Hoël Comes"[70].
     "m (1066) HAVISE de Bretagne, daughter of ALAIN III Duke of Brittany & his wife Berthe de Blois (-19 Aug 1072). The Flandria Generosa names "Havisis Namnetensis comitissa" daughter of "Berta comitissa", when outlining the basis for the consanguinity between Baudouin VII Count of Flanders and Havise de Bretagne, which constituted grounds for their separation[71]. The Chronicon Briocensi records the marriage of "Hasevisiam sororem…Conani Ducis" and "Hoellus Dux"[72]. Her marriage is confirmed by the charter dated to before 1072 under which "Constancius" donated property to the abbey of Redon with the consent of "Jedear uxore mea" and affirmed by "Hoel comes et Haduis comitissa, Alanus et Mathias et Eudo filii eorum"[73], read together with another passage in the Flandria Generosa which names "comes Alanus" as son of "Havisis Namnetensis comitissa"[74]. She was heiress of her brother Conan II Duke of Brittany in 1066. The necrology of Chartres cathedral records the death "XIV Kal Sep" of "Haduisis filia Berta comitisse"[75]. The Chronicon Universum in the cartulary of Sainte-Croix de Quimperlé records the death in 1072 of "Hadeuguis comitissa"[76]. "
Med Lands cites:

; Per Med Lands:
     "HAVISE de Bretagne (-19 Aug 1072). The Flandria Generosa names "Havisis Namnetensis comitissa" as daughter of "Berta comitissa", when outlining the basis for the consanguinity between Baudouin VII Count of Flanders and his wife Havise de Bretagne which constituted grounds for the couple's separation[164]. The Chronicon Briocensi records the marriage of "Hasevisiam sororem…Conani Ducis" and "Hoellus Dux"[165]. Her marriage is confirmed by the charter dated to before 1072 under which "Constancius" donated property to the abbey of Redon with the consent of "Jedear uxore mea" and affirmed by "Hoel comes et Haduis comitissa, Alanus et Mathias et Eudo filii eorum"[166], read together with another passage in the Flandria Generosa which names "comes Alanus" as son of "Havisis Namnetensis comitissa"[167]. She was heiress of her brother Conan II Duke of Brittany in 1066. The necrology of Chartres cathedral records the death "XIV Kal Sep" of "Haduisis filia Berta comitisse"[168]. The Chronicon Universum in the cartulary of Sainte-Croix de Quimperlé records the death in 1072 of "Hadeuguis comitissa"[169].
     "m (1066) HOËL Comte de Nantes, de Cornouaïlle, et de Léon, son of ALAIN "Caignart" Comte de Cornouaïlle & his wife Judith de Nantes (-13 Apr 1084)."
Med Lands cites:

; Per Weis: “Hawise, d. 1072; m. Hoel, Count of Cornouille, Leon, and Nantes, jure uxoris Duke of Brittany 1066, d. 13 Apr. 1084.”.¹⁶ He was Comte de Cornouaille between 1058 and 1084.¹⁷ He was Comte de Nantes between 1063 and 1084.¹⁷ He was Duke of Brittany jure uxoris between 1066 and 1084.^1,13,17

     Hawise/Havoise de Bretagne Duchesse de Bretagne was born circa 1037.³ She married Hoël V (?) Cte de Cornuaille, de Nantes et de Leon, Duc de Bretagne (jure uxoris), son of Alain Cagniart Cte de Cornouaïlle and Judith (?) de Nantes, in 1066.^{9,1,2,10,11,3,4}

Hawise/Havoise de Bretagne Duchesse de Bretagne died on 19 August 1072.^9,1,3,4
      ; Per Med Lands:
     "HOËL de Cornouaïlle, son of ALAIN "Caignart" Comte de Cornouaïlle & his wife Judith de Nantes (-13 Apr 1084). The Chronicon Briocensi names "Hoellus Dux filiusque Alani Cagnart et Judith Comitissæ" when recording his marriage[64]. "Benedictus episcopus atque comes" founded the monastery of Locmaria de Quimper, later confirmed by "Alanus comes filius Benedicti supradicti" (witnessed by "…femina ipsius comitis Iudeth…"), by charter dated to [1022/38] which also records a later donation by "Alanus comes et uxor illius Iudeth…et filiæ suæ Hodiernæ abbatissæ", witnessed by "Hoel…filius eiusdem comitis…Moruan vicecomes…"[65]. He succeeded as Comte de Cornouaille, de Nantes, et de Léon. The Chronicæ Sancti Albini records the death in 1084 of "Hoel Brito comes Nannetensis" and his donation to Saint-Nicholas of "insulam…Deneralem"[66]. The Chronicon Britannico records the death in 1084 of "Hoëlus Comes"[67]. The Chronicon Britannico Alter records the death "Id Apr" in 1084 of "Hoellus filius Alani Chainnardi, qui fuit Dux Nannetensis et Britanniæ"[68]. The Chronicon Universum in the cartulary of Sainte-Croix de Quimperlé records the death in 1084 of "Hoel comes"[69]. The Chronicon Kemperlegiense records the death "Id Apr" in 1084 of "Hoël Comes"[70].
     "m (1066) HAVISE de Bretagne, daughter of ALAIN III Duke of Brittany & his wife Berthe de Blois (-19 Aug 1072). The Flandria Generosa names "Havisis Namnetensis comitissa" daughter of "Berta comitissa", when outlining the basis for the consanguinity between Baudouin VII Count of Flanders and Havise de Bretagne, which constituted grounds for their separation[71]. The Chronicon Briocensi records the marriage of "Hasevisiam sororem…Conani Ducis" and "Hoellus Dux"[72]. Her marriage is confirmed by the charter dated to before 1072 under which "Constancius" donated property to the abbey of Redon with the consent of "Jedear uxore mea" and affirmed by "Hoel comes et Haduis comitissa, Alanus et Mathias et Eudo filii eorum"[73], read together with another passage in the Flandria Generosa which names "comes Alanus" as son of "Havisis Namnetensis comitissa"[74]. She was heiress of her brother Conan II Duke of Brittany in 1066. The necrology of Chartres cathedral records the death "XIV Kal Sep" of "Haduisis filia Berta comitisse"[75]. The Chronicon Universum in the cartulary of Sainte-Croix de Quimperlé records the death in 1072 of "Hadeuguis comitissa"[76]. "
Med Lands cites:

; Per Genealogy.EU (Bretagne 4): “A1. Hoël V, Cte de Cornuaille, de Nantes et de Leon, Duc de Bretagne (1066-84), +1084; m.1066 Havoise de Bretagne”

Per Genealogy.EU (Gretagne 3): “E2. Havoise, heiress of Brittany, +1072; m.Hoël de Cornuaille (+1084)”.^12,13

; Per Genealogics:
     “Havise was born about 1037, the daughter of Alain III, duc de Bretagne, and Berthe de Blois. She was hereditary duchess of Brittany from 1066 until her death, and as such she was a member of the house of Rennes. Havise survived her older brother Conon II, duc de Bretagne, who was assassinated by poisoning on 11 December 1066. Little is known of Havise's life. As with most noblewomen in the Middle Ages, her marriage with Hoel V, comte de Cornouaille, Leon et Nantes, son of Alain Cagniart, comte de Cornouaille, and Judith de Nantes, may have been arranged for political ends. A dynastic alliance between the house of Rennes in the east and the house of Cornwall in the west may have further strengthened and consolidated authority in Brittany. Hoel may have exercised authority jure uxoris, by right of his wife, and continued to control the government after her death on 19 August 1072, acting as regent for their son. Hawise and Hoel were succeeded to the ducal throne by their 18-year-old son Alain IV Fergent in 1084.
     “Brittany, an independent Celtic duchy, had a traditional rivalry with neighbouring Normandy. The 1064-1065 war between Brittany and Normandy was sparked after William, duke of Normandy, supported Rivallon I of Dol's rebellion against Conon II. By late 1065, preparing for his invasion of England, Duke William sent a communiqué to Conon II and his neighbours warning them not to attack Normandy while he invaded England, which Conon II rebuffed. A year later Conon was killed donning poisoned riding gloves in a campaign against Anjou. Duke William of Normandy was widely suspected of having Conon assassinated.”.³

; This is the same person as ”Hawise, Duchess of Brittany” at Wikipedia and as ”Havoise de Bretagne” at Wikipédia (FR).^14,5

Reference: Genealogics cites: EDV-29 GKJ-28.

; Per Weis: “Hawise, d. 1072; m. Hoel, Count of Cornouille, Leon, and Nantes, jure uxoris Duke of Brittany 1066, d. 13 Apr. 1084.”.¹⁵

; Per Med Lands:
     "HAVISE de Bretagne (-19 Aug 1072). The Flandria Generosa names "Havisis Namnetensis comitissa" as daughter of "Berta comitissa", when outlining the basis for the consanguinity between Baudouin VII Count of Flanders and his wife Havise de Bretagne which constituted grounds for the couple's separation[164]. The Chronicon Briocensi records the marriage of "Hasevisiam sororem…Conani Ducis" and "Hoellus Dux"[165]. Her marriage is confirmed by the charter dated to before 1072 under which "Constancius" donated property to the abbey of Redon with the consent of "Jedear uxore mea" and affirmed by "Hoel comes et Haduis comitissa, Alanus et Mathias et Eudo filii eorum"[166], read together with another passage in the Flandria Generosa which names "comes Alanus" as son of "Havisis Namnetensis comitissa"[167]. She was heiress of her brother Conan II Duke of Brittany in 1066. The necrology of Chartres cathedral records the death "XIV Kal Sep" of "Haduisis filia Berta comitisse"[168]. The Chronicon Universum in the cartulary of Sainte-Croix de Quimperlé records the death in 1072 of "Hadeuguis comitissa"[169].
     "m (1066) HOËL Comte de Nantes, de Cornouaïlle, et de Léon, son of ALAIN "Caignart" Comte de Cornouaïlle & his wife Judith de Nantes (-13 Apr 1084)."
Med Lands cites: She was Comtesse titulaire de Rennes between 1066 and 1072.⁵ She was Duchesse de Bretagne between 11 December 1066 and 19 August 1072.⁵

     Alain III (?) Duc de Bretagne was born circa 997.^3,4,7,8 He married Bertha (Berthe) de Blois, daughter of Eudes (Odo) II de Blois Comte de Blois, de Chartres, de Châteaudun, de Tours, de Beauvais, de Troyes, de Meaux et de Sancerre and Ermengarde d'Auvergne, in 1018
;
Her 1st husband.^{12,13,3,7,8,14,15,16}
Alain III (?) Duc de Bretagne died on 1 October 1040 at Montgommery, Calvados, Normandy, France; poisoned.^12,1,3,4,7,8
      ; Per Wikipédia (Fr.):
     "Alain III dit Rebrit ou Ruibriznote 1 (vers 997- 1er octobre 1040), fils et successeur de Geoffroy Bérenger, comte de Rennes et duc de Bretagne, et d’Havoise de Normandie, fut duc de Bretagne de 1008 à 1040. Descendant d’Erispoë, il s’attribua parfois le titre de roi de Bretagne.
Régence
     "Agé d'environ 11 ans à la mort de son père, en 1008, c'est sa mère, Havoise de Normandie († 22 février 1034), qui exerce la régence1. Elle s'appuie sur les évêques Gautier II de Nantes, l'oncle d'Alain Judicaël de Vannes, ainsi que sur l’archevêque Junguené de Dol-de-Bretagne. Richard II de Normandie, frère d'Havoise, est leur tuteur2.
     "Durant cette période, comme ils n'ont cessé et ne cesseront de le faire durant les xe et xie siècles, les Normands tentent des avancées en Bretagne. En 1009, Richard II, bien que tuteur d'Alain, prend le contrôle de l'abbaye du Mont-Saint-Michel remplaçant Maynard II (qui s'était replié à l'Abbaye Saint-Sauveur de Redon) par Hildebert Ier3. En 1014, à la demande de Richard II, Olaf Haraldson4, s'empare de Dol de Bretagne5. Les conflits entre Bretons et Normands permettront à ces derniers de repousser la frontière de la Sélune au Couesnon vers 1027-1030.
     "La minorité du duc est aussi marquée par une révolte paysanne qui selon la vita de saint Gildas écrite au XIe siècle note 2 oblige Félix, le moine de l'Abbaye de Saint-Benoît-sur-Loire qui avait été chargé par le duc Geoffroi Ier de Bretagne de recréer l'Abbaye Saint-Gildas de Rhuys de repartir précipitamment. Une révolte nobiliaire éclate également ; elle aurait été conduite par un certain « Judicaël fils de Cham » (Gleudennus Judicael Cham filius) qu'Arthur de la Borderie identifiait sans doute à tort avec l'évêque Judicaël de Vannes fils de Conan le Tort qui jouera jusqu'à sa mort un rôle important à la cour ducale6.
     "Le jeune duc renouvelle la vieille alliance de Rennes avec les comtes de Blois en choisissant comme épouse Berthe de Bloisnote 3 qui selon une tradition, aurait été enlevée pour son compte à son père par Alain Canhiart 7, avant d'accéder au pouvoir vers 1024/1025 et de réaffirmer la place des comtes de Rennes dans le duché. Dans un acte des années 1013-1025 Alain et son frère Eudes, qui semble exercer une corégence, se qualifient de « monarques des Bretons » (Britannorum monarchi)2.
Règne
     "Sous le règne d'Alain III l'autorité ducale se consolide. Le duc laisse 32 actes authentiques dont treize chartes, six notices et onze actes privés rédigés par les abbayes bénéficiaires mais aussi à Rennes par l'archidiacre Moïse chancelier de l'église et membre de la cour ducale 8. Son action militaire dépasse largement les limites de son duché: En 1027 il assiège Le Lude et la Ferté-Bernard, il épouse Berthe la fille d'Eudes II de Blois, à Pâques 1032 il parait même à Orléans dans l'entourage du roi de France9.C'est également sous le règne d'Alain III qu'apparaissent dans les actes ceux que l'historiographie qualifie d'ascendants des principales lignées de seigneurs du Rennais: Riwallon de Combourg, Mainguené de La Guerche, Riwallon « le Vicaire » dont les descendants s'installent à Vitré, Briant Ier de Châteaubriant, Giron Ier de Châteaugiron et Alfred ou Auffroy dont la lignée contrôle Fougères 10
Alliance avec le Maine
     "Alain III appuie le comte du Maine, Herbert Éveille-Chien 11 qui était en conflit avec la puissante famille de Bellême qui contrôlait l'évêché du Mans et avait fait construire sur le domaine comtal le château de Donneau. En 1027 Alain III qui participe à la coalition unissant le roi Henri Ier et le comte de Blois contre Foulques Nerra vient assiéger le même année un second château construit par l'évêque à La Ferté-Bernard. Le château est pris mais une réconciliation sous l'égide de l'évêque Fulbert de Chartres met fin aux hostilités. Alain III intervient ensuite dans le sud du Maine pour libérer des chevaliers manceaux détenus en otages par Foulques Nerra. L'alliance avec le Maine perdurera avec le mariage vers 1045/1047 de Berthe la veuve d'Alain III avec Hugues IV du Maine le fils d'Herbert Éveille Chien12.
Contrôle de Nantes
     "Après un conflit assez confus en 1031 avec Alain Canhiart il se réconcilie avec lui. Il soutient ensuite l'évêque Gautier II de Nantes contre le comte Budic: en 1033, grâce aux négociations menées par Junguené, archevêque de Dol, le comté de Nantes abandonne son allégeance à Foulques Nerra et revient dans la fidélité des ducs de Bretagne 13.
Relations avec la Normandie
     "En 1030 il entre en conflit avec son cousin, le duc Robert Ier de Normandie qui lance une expédition en Bretagne. Alain riposte dans l'Avranchin mais il est repoussé avec de lourdes pertes14. Leur oncle Robert le Danois archevêque de Rouen sert de médiateur lors d'une entrevue au Mont-Saint-Michel au cours de laquelle il doit lui prêter l'Hommage vassalique 15. Robert, après leur réconciliation, lui confia la tutelle de son héritier Guillaume le Bâtard lors de son départ pour le pèlerinage de Jérusalem en 1034 16
Relations avec l'église
     "Lors des troubles du début du règne le moine Félix avait quitté la Bretagne pour regagner son Abbaye de Saint-Benoît-sur-Loire mais l'abbé Gauzlin de Fleury le renvoie après lui avoir conféré la dignité abbatiale relever l'Abbaye Saint-Gildas de Rhuys et son prieuré de Locminé où il meurt en 1038. Un autre moine Teudon avait été désigné comme successeur à Maynard II à l'Abbaye Saint-Sauveur de Redon, un troisième moine nommé Thion échoue à réformer l'Abbaye Saint-Melaine de Rennes face à l'hostilité des membres de la « dynastie épiscopale » de la cité qui avaient accaparé cet établissement17.
     "Alain III fonde avec son frère le prieuré de Livré (1013 à 1022). Il fait des dons au prieuré de Gahard dépendant de l'abbaye de Marmoutier (1015 à 1032) et donne même le tiers de l'église de Servon à Marmoutier (1015 à 1026). Il est présent lors de la formation du prieuré de Marcillé-Robert par son vassal Riwallon le Vicaire18.
     "Entre 1024 et 1034, en 1032 selon la date traditionnellenote 4 Alain III établit sa sœur Adèle ou Adella († 1067) qui était déjà religieuse comme abbesse, et lui donne « porcion de sa comté de Rennes laquelle il luy octoya, et à la requeste d'elle la fist consacrer et dédier en abbaye perpétuelle en l'honneur de Saint-Georges martyr »19. La duchesse Havoise le comte Eudes et les principaux barons de Bretagne dont Alain Canhiart, le baron de Vitré les sires de Porhoët et de la Guerche ainsi que l'archevêque de Dol et neuf évêques bretons ratifient la donation ducale 20.
Constitution de l'apanage d'Eudes
     "Après la mort de leur mère, Havoise, son frère Eudes « comte de Bretagne », revendique un large apanage dans les évêchés de Saint-Brieuc et Tréguier avec pour centres Lamballe et Guingamp. La médiation de Judicaël de Vannes († 1037) et de Robert de Normandie aboutit en 1035 à la constitution de l’apanage de Penthièvre pour Eudes qui en sera le premier comte. Son ambition le poussera rapidement à tenter d'étendre ses domaines vers l'est dans les évêchés de Saint-Malo et de Dol-de-Bretagne 21.
Fin de règne et mort
     "Robert le Magnifique meurt en 1035 sur le chemin de retour de son pèlerinage, Alain III doit alors intervenir en Normandie en prétextant la protection des droits du futur roi d’Angleterre, Guillaume, menacés par la révolte d’une partie de la noblesse normande. En fait, il revendique le duché pour lui-même comme petit-fils du duc Richard Ier par sa mère. L'expédition est un échec. Il meurt pendant cette campagne, à Vimoutiers le 1er octobre 104022, victime d’un empoisonnement. Il est inhumé avec les premiers ducs de Normandie dans la salle capitulaire de l'Abbaye de la Trinité de Fécamp23
Union et descendance
     "Marié en 1018 avec Berthe, fille du comte Eudes II de Blois, il a deux enfants :
     "D'une concubine inconnue, Alain III laisse également un fils illégitime :
Notes
1. Rebrit, Ruibriz ou Roebre signifique Roue Breizh, roi breton, en vieux breton
2. Acta Sancti Gildæ Ruynensis cité par Dom Morice Preuves t. I col. 355 « Post mortem Gaufridi ducis...Britanni in seditionem vesi, bella commoverunt. Ham rustici insurgentes contro dominos suos congregantur »
3. sa mère Havoise était normande et sa grand-mère Ermengarde angevine
4. l'acte contenant les donations primitives n'est pas daté
Références
1. André Chédeville & Noël-Yves Tonnerre La Bretagne féodale xie?–?xiiie siècle. Ouest-France Université Rennes (1987) (ISBN 9782737300141) p. 37.
2. Stéphane Morin, Trégor, Goëlo, Penthièvre. Le pouvoir des comtes de Bretagne du XIe au XIIIe siècle., Rennes, Presses Universitaire de Rennes & Société d'émulation des Côtes-d'Armor, 2010, 406 p. (ISBN 978-2-7535-1012-8), p. 39-100
3. Joëlle Quaghebeur et Bernard Merdrignac (sous la direction de) Breton et Normands au Moyen Âge. Rivalités, malentendus convergences Presses Universitaires de Rennes; Rennes (2008) (ISBN 9782753505636) p. 148
4. identifié dans sa Saga avec le futur Olaf II de Norvège. Régis Boyer La Saga d'Olaf le Saint, (traduite et présentée par), Payot Paris (1987) (ISBN 2228132500), chap. XVI p. 35
5. Julien Bachelier, « Une histoire en Marche : Fougères et la Normandie au Moyen Âge (début XIe – milieu du XIVe siècle) », Revue de l’Avranchin et du Pays de Granville, vol. 88,? 2011, p. 423-529 (ISSN 0035-1342, lire en ligne [archive])
6. André Chédeville & Noël-Yves Tonnerre op. cit. p. 37-38
7. Arthur de la Borderie p. 8 André Chédeville & Noël-Yves Tonnerre op. cit. p. 38 estiment qu'il s'agit d'une « vision évidemment bien romanesque qu'aucune source ne vient étayer »
8. Hubert Guillotel, Actes des Ducs de Bretagne (944-1148), Rennes, Presses universitaires de Rennes, 2014 (ISBN 9782753534988), p. 172-271
9. Hubert Guillotel Op.Cit p. 49
10. Michel Brand'Honneur Manoirs et châteaux dans le comté de Rennes (XIe-XIIe siècles)' PUR Rennes (2001) (ISBN 2868475612) p. 145 .
11. A. de La Borderie, Histoire de Bretagne, t. III, p. 7-8
12. André Chédeville & Noël-Yves Tonnerre p. 40 .
13. Arthur de la Borderie op. cit., p. 10.
14. André Chédeville & Noël-Yves Tonnerre p. 41 .
15. Arthur de la Borderie op. cit. p. 9.
16. Joëlle Quaghebeur et Bernard Merdrignac op. cit. p. 148
17. André Chédeville & Noël-Yves Tonnerre op. cit. p. 224-225
18. Recueil d'actes inédits des duces de Bretagne « Règne d'Alain III (1008-1040) » p. 3-28
19. Pierre Le Baud Histoire de Bretagne ch. XXII p. 149
20. Les Abbayes Bretonnes, ouvrage collectif publié par la Biennale des Abbayes Bretonnes B.A.B & Fayard (ISBN 9782213013138) p. 269-278
21. Stéphane Morin op. cit. « Des Comtes de Bretagne aux comtés castraux de Richmond, de Tréguier et de Penthièvre » p. 186-210
22. Société d’Émulation des Côtes du Nord: Année 1913 t. LI p. 93 à 100 « Date de la mort d’Alain III »
23. Arthur de la Borderie op. cit. p. 13
Bibliographie
** Hubert Guillotel, Actes des Ducs de Bretagne (944-1148), Rennes, Presses universitaires de Rennes, 2014 (ISBN 9782753534988).
** André Chédeville & Noël-Yves Tonnerre La Bretagne féodale xie?–?xiiie siècle. Ouest-France Université Rennes (1987) (ISBN 2737300142).
** Arthur Le Moyne de La Borderie, Histoire de Bretagne, t. 3 : 995-1364, Rennes / Paris, J. Plihon et L. Hommay / Alphonse Picard, 1906 (lire en ligne [archive]). Réédition : Mayenne, Joseph Floch, 1975, « Règne du duc Alain III (1008-1040) » p. 6-13.
** Joëlle Quaghebeur et Bernard Merdrignac Bretons et Normands au Moyen Âge Presses Universitaires de Rennes, Rennes 2008 (ISBN 9782753505636)
** Michel Brand'Honneur Manoirs et châteaux dans le comté de Rennes (xie?–?xiie siècles) PUR Rennes (2001) (ISBN 2 86847 5612).
** Stéphane Morin Trégor, Goëlo, Penthièvre. Le pouvoir des Comtes de Bretagne du xie au xiiie siècle Presses Universitaires de Rennes & Société d'émulation des Côtes-d'Armor. Rennes 2010 (ISBN 9782753510128).
Articles connexes
** Duché de Bretagne: https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duch%C3%A9_de_Bretagne
** Liste des ducs de Bretagne: https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste_des_rois_puis_ducs_de_Bretagne"


Per Wikiipedia
     "Alan III of Rennes (997–1 October 1040) (French: Alain III de Bretagne) was Count of Rennes and duke of Brittany, by right of succession from 1008 to his death.
Life
     "He was the son of Duke Geoffrey I and Hawise of Normandy.[1] Alan succeeded his father as Duke of Brittany in 1008.[2] Because he was still a minor at his father's death, his mother acted as regent of Brittany [3] while her brother Richard II, Duke of Normandy assumed guardianship over Brittany.[4] In 1018 Alan married Bertha of Blois, daughter of Odo II, Count of Blois and his second wife Ermengarde of Auvergne.[1]
     "When Richard III, Duke of Normandy died in August 1026, his brother Robert I succeeded him.[5] Alan apparently took advantage of the resulting turmoil to break free of Norman suzerainty.[4] In the early 1030s Robert I successfully attacked Dol and Alan's retaliatory raid on Avranches was repulsed causing continued raiding back and forth between them.[6] Facing an invasion from Normandy via land and from Duke Robert's fleet, Robert, Archbishop of Rouen (uncle of Hawise and Richard II) mediated a truce between his two great-nephews at Mont Saint-Michel where Alan swore fealty to his cousin Robert.[7] When he left Normandy for the Holy Land Robert I, Duke of Normandy appointed his cousin, Alan III, to be a guardian of his young son William. at an unknown age [8] Alan III also assisted Herbert I 'Wake-Dog' in his wars with Avesgaud, Bishop of Le Mans and was with the count in his attack on Avesgaud's castle at La Ferté-Bernard destroying the castle and causing Avesgaud to flee.[9]
     "In 1037 at the death of Robert, Archbishop of Rouen, the protection of young William was now left to Alan III and his cousin Gilbert who tentatively held Normandy together.[10] They appointed Mauger to the now vacant see of Rouen and his brother William as count of Arques, attempting to gain their support for Duke William.[10] On 1 October 1040, while besieging a rebel castle near Vimoutiers in Normandy, Alan III suddenly died.[10] According to Orderic, he was poisoned by unnamed Normans.[b][11]
Family
     "By Bertha of Blois, he had three children:
     "After 14 May 1046 his widow Bertha married secondly Hugh IV, Count of Maine.[1]
See also
** Dukes of Brittany family tree: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Brittany
Notes
a. Among the guardians Duke Robert chose to watch over his son William were at least three family members. Alan III was probably selected as both a family member and one who would not expected to compete with young William. Gilbert, Count of Brionne was another grandson of Richard I who could be counted on for military support to aid William. Also the senior member of the family was Robert, Archbishop of Rouen who lent his powerful support to the young Duke William. See: Crouch, The Normans (2007). p. 60.
b. Not long after the last of young Duke William's three powerful guardians, Gilbert 'Crispin' Count of Brionne, was himself assassinated while riding with friends. See: Crouch, The Normans (2007), p. 61; and Cokayne, The Complete Peerage IV, pp. 308-9.
References
1. Detlev Schwennicke, Europäische Stammtafeln: Stammtafeln zur Geschichte der Europäischen Staaten, Neue Folge, Band II (Verlag von J. A. Stargardt, Marburg, Germany, 1984) Tafel 75
2. Gwenno Piette, A concise History of Brittany (University of Wales Press, Cardiff, 2008), p. 38
3. The Gesta Normannorum Ducum of William of Jumieges, Orderic Vitalis, and Robert of Torigni, Vol. II, Ed. & Trans. Elisabeth M. C. Van Houts (The Clarendon Press, Oxford, New York, UK, 1995), pp. 14-5
4. Francois Neveux, A Brief History of the Normans, Trans. Howard Curtis (Constable & Robinson, Ltd., London, 2006), p. 108
5. David C. Douglas, William the Conqueror (University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1964), pp. 32-3
6. David Crouch, The Normans (Hambledon Continuum, New York, 2007), p. 50
7. The Gesta Normannorum Ducum of William of Jumieges, Orderic Vitalis, and Robert of Torigni, Vol. II, Ed. & Trans. Elisabeth M. C. Van Houts (The Clarendon Press, Oxford, New York, UK, 1995), pp. 78-9
8. Ordericus Vitalis, The Ecclesiastical History of England and Normandy, Trans. Thomas Forester, Volume II (Henry G. Bohn, London, 1854), p. 161
9. Richard E. Barton, Lordship in the County of Maine, c. 890-1160 (The Boydell Press, Woodbridge, 2004). pp. 47, 87
10. David Crouch, The Normans (Hambledon Continuum, New York, 2007), p. 61
11. Ordericus Vitalis, The Ecclesiastical History of England and Normandy, Trans. Thomas Forester, Volume II (Henry G. Bohn, London, 1854), p. 74."^17,18

; Per Genealogics: "Alain was born about 997, the son of Geoffrey I, duc de Bretagne, and Hawise of Normandy. He was duke of Brittany from 1008 to his death. With his wife Berthe de Blois, daughter of Eudes II, comte de Blois, Chartes, Troyes et Champagne, and Ermengarde d'Auvergne, he had at least two children, Conon II, his successor, and Havise, who would both have progeny. Alain died from poisoning on 1 October 1040, some sources allege by William, duke of Normandy (the future William 'the Conqueror'), who was alleged to be responsible for the death of Alain's son Conon II after Conon donned poisoned riding gloves. In 1046 his widow Berthe married Hugues IV, comte de Maine."⁷

Reference: Genealogics cites: EDV-26 GKJ-27.

; Per Genealogy.EU: "D1. Alain III, Duc de Bretagne (1008-40), *ca 997, +of poisoning 1.10.1040; m.1018 Berthe de Blois (+IV.1085.)¹⁹"

Reference: Weis [1992:107] line 119-24.²⁰

; Per Med Lands:
     "ALAIN de Bretagne ([997]-poisoned Montgommery 1 Oct 1040). A charter dated 1026 recalls that "Gaufridus, Conani Curvi filius" was killed "apud Concuruz prelium", stating that "quo defuncto, Alanus filius eius…renum patris suscipiens", witnessed by "Alanus comes…Heudo frater eius"[138]. Guillaume of Jumièges names “Emma...secunda Hadvis...tertia Mathildis” as the three daughters of Richard and his wife “Gunnor ex nobilissima Danorum prosapia ortam”, adding that Havise married “Goiffredo Britannorum comiti” by whom she had “Alanum et Eudonem duces”[139]. He succeeded his father in 1008 as ALAIN III Duke of Brittany. The Chronicon Kemperlegiense records that "Alanus filius eius" succeeded "Gauffridus Dux Britanniæ filius Conani filii Iuhaëlis Berengarii" in 1008[140]. A charter dated 1008 records that, after the death of "Gaufrido comite Britanniæ", "filii eius Alanus et Eudo cum matre eorum Hadeguisia" restored the abbey of Saint-Méen[141]. "Alanus et Egio Britannorum monarchi" founded the priory of Livré "in pago Redonensi" by charter dated to [1013/22], signed by "…Aduise matre eorum comitum, Rivalloni vicarii, Triscanni…"[142]. "Alanus Britannice gentis dux atque princeps" founded the abbey of Saint-Georges de Rennes by charter dated to [1028/30], witnessed by "Eudo meus germanus, Gozolinus vicecomes, Rivallonis vicarius, Alanus Cornugallie comes…"[143]. Orderic Vitalis records that "Alannus Britannorum comes" was poisoned “a Normannis in Normania”[144]. The Chronicon Britannico records the death in 1040 of "Alanus Comes Redonensis", another manuscript specifying that "Alanus Dux Britanniæ" died "Kal Apr"[145].
     "m (1018) as her first husband, BERTHE de Blois, daughter of EUDES II Comte de Blois et de Chartres & his second wife Ermengarde d'Auvergne (-[11/13] Apr 1085). The Chronicon Kemperlegiense records that "Alanus filius eius" succeeded "Gauffridus Dux Britanniæ filius Conani filii Iuhaëlis Berengarii" and married "Bertham filiam Odonis Comitis Carnotensis"[146]. The Flandria Generosa names "Berta comitissa" daughter of "altera Ermengardis comitissa", when outlining the basis for the consanguinity between Baudouin VII Count of Flanders and his wife Havise de Bretagne which constituted grounds for the couple's separation[147]. She married secondly (after 14 May 1046) Hugues IV Comte du Maine (-26 Mar 1051). The Actus pontificum Cenomannis records that Bishop Gervais arranged the marriage of "Hugonem…Herberti filium" and "Bertam…Alani Britannorum comitis olim coniugem"[148]. Orderic Vitalis records that "Hugo filius Herberti", after the death of "Alannus Britannorum comes" who was poisoned “a Normannis in Normania”, married “Bertam ipsius relictam, Tedbaldi Blesensium comitis sororem”[149]. Her second marriage is confirmed by the Chronicon Ruyensis Cœnobii which records the death in 1062 of "Herbertus Cenomannensium Comes et frater uterinus Conani ducis"[150]. "Berta comitissa Alani Redonensis ducis uxor" donated property to Sainte-Croix de Quimperlé, for the souls of "filie nostre Hadeuis comitisse Hoelis ducis Britannie conjugis et…filiorum suorum, meorum…nepotum Alani et Mathie", by charter dated 1075, signed by "Alanus nothus filius Conani comitis…familiars comitisse Haduis neptis mee…"[151]. The Chronicon Britannico records the death in 1084 of "Bertha Comitissa mater Conani"[152]. The Chronicon Britannico Alter records the death in 1085 of "Bertha religiosa Comitissa", stating that she restored "Monasterium S. Melanii"[153]. The necrology of Chartres cathedral records the death "II Id Apr" of "Berta comitissa"[154]. The Chronicon Ruyensis Cœnobii records the death in 1085 of "Berthæ comitissæ"[155]. The Chronicon Kemperlegiensis records the death "Kal Jun" in 1085 of "Bertha Comitissa Britanniæ, mater Conani Ducis, soror Fulconis"[156], although no other record has been found which confirms that Berthe had a brother named Foulques.
     "Mistress (1): ---. The name of Duke Alain's mistress is not known."
Med Lands cites:

; Per Racines et Histoire: "2) Berthe de Blois + 11-13/04/1085
     ép. 1) 1018 duc Alain III de Bretagne ° 997 +X 01/10/1040 (empoisonné) (fils de Geoffroi 1er, duc de Bretagne, et d’Havise de Normandie)
     ép. 2) après 14/05/1046 comte Hugues IV du Maine + 26/03/1051 (fils d’Herbert 1er «Eveille-Chien», comte du Maine.)¹⁵" He was Duc de Bretagne (See attached map of the Duchy of Bretagne. From Wikipedia: Par Cette image a été réalisée par GwenofGwened et placée sous les licences ci-dessous. Vous êtes libre de la réutiliser, pour n'importe quelle utilisation, tant que vous me citez en tant qu'auteur, Wikimedia Commons en tant que site et suivez les instructions des licences. Pourriez-vous avoir l'amabilité de me laisser un message sur cette page pour m'informer de votre utilisation de cette image. — Travail personnel, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=11234869) between 1008 and 1040.^3,21,18 He was Count of Rennes between 1008 and 1040.¹⁸ He was mentioned with Eudes I (?) de Bretagne, Cte de Penthièvre, Co-Regent of Brittany Co-Regent of Brittany/Duke of Brittany with Alan III
     See attached image of family tree of the Dukes of Brittany from the 9th century, to the annexation of Brittany by France in 1532. (from Wikipedia: By Muriel Gottrop - drawn by Muriel Gottrop and corrected by others, CC BY-SA 1.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=76637945)
     Also see attached image of map of Brittany in the 9th century. (from Wikipedia: By France - Grand Ouest - map-blank.svg: (Sémhurderivative work: Fab5669 (talk) - France - Grand Ouest - map-blank.svgLouis Élegoët, Bretagne une histoire, CRDP de Bretagne, 2000, p. 54 : Limites successives de la Bretagne au IXe siècle.Il était une fois l'Ouest, éditions Ouest-France, 2009, p.11 : Les frontières de la Bretagne des origines au XVe siècle., CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=12049589) between 1040 and 1062.³

     Bertha (Berthe) de Blois married Alain III (?) Duc de Bretagne, son of Geoffrey I (?) Comte de Rennes, Duc de Bretagne and Hawise (?) of Rennes, Duchess of Brittany, in 1018
;
Her 1st husband.^{7,8,2,9,10,5,4,6} Bertha (Berthe) de Blois married Hugues IV (?) Comte du Maine, son of Heribert I "Eveille-Chien" (?) Comte du Maine, between 14 May 1045 and 14 May 1047
; Per Med Lands m. aft 14 May 1046.
per Henry Project: [quotem. 14 May 1045 × 14 May 1047, Berthe, d. 1085, daughter of Eudes, count of Blois, and widow of Alain III, count of Brittany.
["Hugo filius Herberti postquam Alannus Britannorum comes a Normannis in Normannia impotionatus occubuit Bertam ipsius relictam Tedbaldi Blesensium comitis sororem in coniugium accepit" OV iv (vol. 2, pp. 304-5); "In tantum autem antistes Gervasius dilexit Hugonem, quem de sacro fonte susceperat, ut quaereret ei uxorem, Bertam videlicet, nobilissimam, feminam, Alani, Britannorum comitis, olim conjugem..." Act. Pont. Cenom., 365] The date range can be deduced because a charter datable to the range 14 May 1046 × 14 May 1047 is stated to have occurred in the year in which the count married Berthe ["quo anno idem comes Bertam duxerat in uxorem" Latouche (1910), 28, n. 4; 144]. Latouche cites the cartulary of Sainte-Croix de Quimperlé for her date of death [Latouche (1910), 33, n. 2]. [end quote]^{11,5,4,6,12,13}
Bertha (Berthe) de Blois died on 13 April 1085; Weis (AR7 119-24) says d. 1084; Boyer p. 31 says d. 1084/85; Genealogy.EU (Bretagne 3 page) says d. April 1085; Med Lands says d. 11/13 Apr 1085; Genealogics says d. ca 11 Apr 1085.^14,1,2,3,5,6
      ; Per Med Lands:
     "ALAIN de Bretagne ([997]-poisoned Montgommery 1 Oct 1040). A charter dated 1026 recalls that "Gaufridus, Conani Curvi filius" was killed "apud Concuruz prelium", stating that "quo defuncto, Alanus filius eius…renum patris suscipiens", witnessed by "Alanus comes…Heudo frater eius"[138]. Guillaume of Jumièges names “Emma...secunda Hadvis...tertia Mathildis” as the three daughters of Richard and his wife “Gunnor ex nobilissima Danorum prosapia ortam”, adding that Havise married “Goiffredo Britannorum comiti” by whom she had “Alanum et Eudonem duces”[139]. He succeeded his father in 1008 as ALAIN III Duke of Brittany. The Chronicon Kemperlegiense records that "Alanus filius eius" succeeded "Gauffridus Dux Britanniæ filius Conani filii Iuhaëlis Berengarii" in 1008[140]. A charter dated 1008 records that, after the death of "Gaufrido comite Britanniæ", "filii eius Alanus et Eudo cum matre eorum Hadeguisia" restored the abbey of Saint-Méen[141]. "Alanus et Egio Britannorum monarchi" founded the priory of Livré "in pago Redonensi" by charter dated to [1013/22], signed by "…Aduise matre eorum comitum, Rivalloni vicarii, Triscanni…"[142]. "Alanus Britannice gentis dux atque princeps" founded the abbey of Saint-Georges de Rennes by charter dated to [1028/30], witnessed by "Eudo meus germanus, Gozolinus vicecomes, Rivallonis vicarius, Alanus Cornugallie comes…"[143]. Orderic Vitalis records that "Alannus Britannorum comes" was poisoned “a Normannis in Normania”[144]. The Chronicon Britannico records the death in 1040 of "Alanus Comes Redonensis", another manuscript specifying that "Alanus Dux Britanniæ" died "Kal Apr"[145].
     "m (1018) as her first husband, BERTHE de Blois, daughter of EUDES II Comte de Blois et de Chartres & his second wife Ermengarde d'Auvergne (-[11/13] Apr 1085). The Chronicon Kemperlegiense records that "Alanus filius eius" succeeded "Gauffridus Dux Britanniæ filius Conani filii Iuhaëlis Berengarii" and married "Bertham filiam Odonis Comitis Carnotensis"[146]. The Flandria Generosa names "Berta comitissa" daughter of "altera Ermengardis comitissa", when outlining the basis for the consanguinity between Baudouin VII Count of Flanders and his wife Havise de Bretagne which constituted grounds for the couple's separation[147]. She married secondly (after 14 May 1046) Hugues IV Comte du Maine (-26 Mar 1051). The Actus pontificum Cenomannis records that Bishop Gervais arranged the marriage of "Hugonem…Herberti filium" and "Bertam…Alani Britannorum comitis olim coniugem"[148]. Orderic Vitalis records that "Hugo filius Herberti", after the death of "Alannus Britannorum comes" who was poisoned “a Normannis in Normania”, married “Bertam ipsius relictam, Tedbaldi Blesensium comitis sororem”[149]. Her second marriage is confirmed by the Chronicon Ruyensis Cœnobii which records the death in 1062 of "Herbertus Cenomannensium Comes et frater uterinus Conani ducis"[150]. "Berta comitissa Alani Redonensis ducis uxor" donated property to Sainte-Croix de Quimperlé, for the souls of "filie nostre Hadeuis comitisse Hoelis ducis Britannie conjugis et…filiorum suorum, meorum…nepotum Alani et Mathie", by charter dated 1075, signed by "Alanus nothus filius Conani comitis…familiars comitisse Haduis neptis mee…"[151]. The Chronicon Britannico records the death in 1084 of "Bertha Comitissa mater Conani"[152]. The Chronicon Britannico Alter records the death in 1085 of "Bertha religiosa Comitissa", stating that she restored "Monasterium S. Melanii"[153]. The necrology of Chartres cathedral records the death "II Id Apr" of "Berta comitissa"[154]. The Chronicon Ruyensis Cœnobii records the death in 1085 of "Berthæ comitissæ"[155]. The Chronicon Kemperlegiensis records the death "Kal Jun" in 1085 of "Bertha Comitissa Britanniæ, mater Conani Ducis, soror Fulconis"[156], although no other record has been found which confirms that Berthe had a brother named Foulques.
     "Mistress (1): ---. The name of Duke Alain's mistress is not known."
Med Lands cites:

Reference: Genealogics cites:
1. Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag, Marburg, Schwennicke, Detlev (Ed.) 3/1:75 Neu.
2. Europäische Stammtafeln, Band II, Frank Baron Freytag von Loringhoven, 1975, Isenburg, W. K. Prinz von. 42.
3. Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists who came to America bef.1700, 7th Edition, 1992, Weis, Frederick Lewis. 42.⁶

; Per Wikipédia (Fr.):
     "Berthe de Blois, ou Berthe de Blois-Chartres, morte à Chartres après 1080, est fille du comte Eudes II de Blois", comte de Blois (989-1037) et de Irmengarde d'Auvergne (995-1040)"1 et la sœur de Thibaud III de Blois", comte de Champagne (1010-1089) et de Etienne Ier, comte de Troyes (1015-1040)"1.
Biographie
     "En 1018, elle épouse le duc de Bretagne Alain III, à qui elle donne:
     "Quelques années après la mort de son mari survenue le 1er octobre 1040, "Gervais du Château de Loir, évêque du Mans, arrange le mariage" en 1046 d'Hugues IV du Maine, "mais Geoffroy II Martel, comte d'Anjou, réplique en envahissant le Maine. Leurs enfants sont":
     ""Eudes Ier de Penthièvre, son beau frère, s'empare de la garde de son neveu Conan II et se proclame comte de Bretagne".
     "Berthe de Blois de nouveau veuve en 1051 vient finir ses jours dans les bonnes œuvres à Chartres, où sa présence est attestée de 1050 à 10802. Elle fait notamment célébrer l'anniversaire de la mort de son fils à Notre-Dame de Chartres, moyennant l'offrande d'un ciboire3.
Références
1. « Berthe de Blois (Fiche généalogique) » [archive], sur gw1.geneanet.org (consulté le 15 février 2016)
2. Lépinois, Histoire de Chartres, 1854, t. I, p. 332
3. E. de Lépinois et Lucien Merlet (Éditeur scientifique), Cartulaire de Notre-Dame de Chartres, Chartres, Garnier, coll. « Société archéologique d'Eure-et-Loir », 1862-1865, 3 vol. (CCLII-263-XXXII, 429, 438 p.) ; 28 cm (notice BnF no FRBNF36483645), p. 220, Vol. 3 Cartulaire de Notre-Dame de Chartres, Vol. 3 [archive] disponible sur Gallica"


Per Wikiipedia
     "Bertha of Blois (French: Berthe de Blois; c. 1005 — c. 1080), was a Duchess consort of Brittany and a countess consort of Maine, married in 1018 to Alain III, Duke of Brittany, and in 1046 to Hugh IV, Count of Maine[1]. She was the daughter of Odo II, Count of Blois[2] and Ermengarde of Auvergne.
Children
     "Bertha bore a son, Conan II, Duke of Brittany, and a daughter, Hawise, Duchess of Brittany to Alain, and she bore Herbert II, Count of Maine, to her second spouse.
References
1. K. S. B. Keats-Rohan, Two Studies in Northern French Prosopography, Journal of Medieval History 20 (1994). p. 22.
2. Detlev Schwennicke. Europäische Stammtafeln: Stammtafeln zur Geschichte der Europäischen Staaten."^15,16

; Per Med Lands:
     "BERTHE de Blois (-[11/13] Apr 1085). The Chronicon Kemperlegiense records that "Alanus filius eius" succeeded "Gauffridus Dux Britanniæ filius Conani filii Iuhaëlis Berengarii" and married "Bertham filiam Odonis Comitis Carnotensis"[135]. The Flandria Generosa names "Berta comitissa" daughter of "altera Ermengardis comitissa", when outlining the basis for the consanguinity between Baudouin VII Count of Flanders and his wife Havise de Bretagne which provided the grounds for the couple's separation[136]. The Actus pontificum Cenomannis records that Bishop Gervais arranged the marriage of "Hugonem…Herberti filium" and "Bertam…Alani Britannorum comitis olim coniugem"[137]. Orderic Vitalis records that "Hugo filius Herberti", after the death of "Alannus Britannorum comes" who was poisoned “a Normannis in Normania”, married “Bertam ipsius relictam, Tedbaldi Blesensium comitis sororem”[138]. Her second marriage is confirmed by the Chronicon Ruyensis Cœnobii which records the death in 1062 of "Herbertus Cenomannensium Comes et frater uterinus Conani ducis"[139]. "Comitis Tedbaldi sorori…Berte" donated property by charter dated 12 May 1069[140]. The Chronicon Britannico records the death in 1084 of "Bertha Comitissa mater Conani"[141]. The Chronicon Britannico Alter records the death in 1085 of "Bertha religiosa Comitissa", stating that she restored "Monasterium S. Melanii"[142]. The Chronicon Ruyensis Cœnobii records the death in 1085 of "Berthæ comitissæ"[143]. The necrology of Chartres cathedral records the death "II Id Apr" of "Berta comitissa"[144]. The Chronicon Kemperlegiensis records the death "Kal Jun" in 1085 of "Bertha Comitissa Britanniæ, mater Conani Ducis, soror Fulconis"[145], although no other record has been found which confirms that Berthe had a brother named Foulques.
     "m firstly (1018) ALAIN III Duke of Brittany, son of GEOFFROY I Duke of Brittany & his wife Havise de Normandie ([997]-poisoned 1 Oct 1040).
     "m secondly (after 14 May 1046) HUGUES [IV] Comte du Maine, son of HERBERT [I] "Eveille-chien" Comte du Maine & his wife --- (-26 Mar 1051)."
Med Lands cites:

; Per Racines et Histoire: "2) Berthe de Blois + 11-13/04/1085
     ép. 1) 1018 duc Alain III de Bretagne ° 997 +X 01/10/1040 (empoisonné) (fils de Geoffroi 1er, duc de Bretagne, et d’Havise de Normandie)
     ép. 2) après 14/05/1046 comte Hugues IV du Maine + 26/03/1051 (fils d’Herbert 1er «Eveille-Chien», comte du Maine.)⁴"

; Per Racines et Histoire: "Hugues IV + 26/03/1051 comte du Maine (1032/35) sous tutelle (mineur jusqu’en 1036) X le comte Geoffroi Martel d’Anjou, s’allie aux Normands (1046/48)
     ép. 14/04/1046 Berthe de Blois + 11-13/04/1085 (fille d’Eudes II, comte de Blois, et d’Ermengarde d’Auvergne ; soeur de Thibauld, son beau-frère ; veuve d’Alain III, comte de Bretagne.)¹⁷" She was Dutchess consort of Brittany between 1018 and 1040.¹⁶ She was Countess consort of Maine between 1046 and 1051.¹⁶

     Conan III le Gros (?) Duc de Bretagne was born circa 1095; Genealogics says b. ca 1095; Genealogy.eU (Bretagne 4) says b. ca 1071.^2,3 He married Matilda (Maud) FitzRoy (?) Duchess of Brittany, daughter of Henry I "Beauclerc" (?) King of England, circa 1112
; Med Lands says m. 1112 or before.^{8,1,2,9,10,11,3,4}
Conan III le Gros (?) Duc de Bretagne died on 17 September 1148.^12,1,2,3,4
      ; Per Genealogics:
     “Conon III, called 'le Gros' (the Fat), was born about 1095, the son of Alain IV Fergent, duc de Bretagne, and Ermengarde d'Anjou. In 1112 he succeeded his father, who abdicated in his favour after gradually initiating him into the affairs of the duchy. He could also count on the help of his highly respected and very capable mother, who had administered the duchy when her husband was away on crusade.
     “With his wife Matilda, an illegitimate daughter of Henry I, king of England, he had three children of whom Berthe would have progeny with both her husbands, Alain II 'the Black', earl of Richmond, seigneur de Guingamp, and Vicomte Eudon II de Porhoët. Despite his marriage to Matilda, Conon joined forces with those of Louis VI 'le Gros', king of France, against his father-in-law. After Henry's death, the power struggles taking place in England and Normandy provided him some respite.
     “In attempting to meet the wishes of his vassals, he enacted some new laws for the duchy, such as removing the 'droit de bris' (the law giving the ownership of wrecks and their cargoes to the lord on whose lands the wreck ran aground) and the law limiting the manorial rights of inheritance. These reforms were made possible thanks to the unwavering support of the Church.
     “In 1148, on his deathbed he disavowed his son Hoël VI as his successor on the grounds that the illegitimacy of his mother would also make him illegitimate. He recognised his grandson Conon IV as his heir under the guardianship of Vicomte Eudon II de Porhoët, the second husband of his daughter Berthe. Hoël's refusal to accept being pushed aside caused a serious crisis of succession.
     “Conon died on 17 September 1148.”.³

Reference: Genealogics cites: Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag, Marburg, Schwennicke, Detlev (Ed.) 3/1:75 Neu.³ EDV-27 GKJ-26.

; This is the same person as ”Conan III de Bretagne” at Wikipédia (FR).¹³

; Per Med Lands:
     "CONAN de Bretagne (-17 Sep 1148). Orderic Vitalis names “Conanum” as the son of "Fergannus comes" and his second wife “filiam comitis Andegavorum”[216]. The Chronicon Briocensi names "Conanum et Hazevisiam" as the two children of "Alanus filius primogenitus [Hoelli]" and his wife "Ermengardem filiam Comitis Andegavensis"[217]. William of Tyre records his parentage[218]. He succeeded on the abdication of his father in [1114/16] as CONAN III "Grossus/le Gros" Duke of Brittany. "Conanus Britannorum dux" donated property to Saint-Nicolas d´Angers by charter dated to [1129/36], which names "mater mea Ermengardis comitissa"[219]. The Chronicon Britannico Alter records the death in 1148 of "Conanus Dux Britanniæ"[220]. The Chronicon Ruyensis Cœnobii records the death in 1148 of "Conanus Dux Britanniæ filius Alani et Ermengardæ"[221]. The necrology of Angers Cathedral records the death "XV Kal Oct" of "Conanus dux et comes Britanniæ" and his donation of "ecclesiam de Pinello" to the church of St Maurice[222].
     "m (1112 or before) MATILDA, illegitimate daughter of HENRY I King of England & his mistress --- (-after 1128). Her marriage is referred to by Orderic Vitalis[223], in a later passage recording that the betrothal occurred before the alliance was agreed between Henry I King of England and Louis VI King of France, which is dated to 1113[224]. Guillaume de Jumièges names Mathilde as illegitimate daughter of King Henry I and her husband "Conano comiti minoris Britanniæ"[225]. "Alanus, Hoelli filius, comes totius Britannie et princeps" donated property to the abbey of Redon with the consent of "suorum filiorum Conani et Gaufridi, necnon et uxoris suæ Hermengardis et uxoris filii sui Conani, Mahalt" by charter dated 1112[226]. "Mathilda comitissa et Haduisa soror comitis Conani" signed the undated charter Duke Conan III donated a fishery to the abbey of Mont-Saint-Michel[227]. "Ermengardis mater mea et uxor mea Matildis…" signed the charter dated 1128 under which Duke Conan III confirmed the possessions of the monks of Saint-Melaine de Rennes[228]."
Med Lands cites:

; Per Med Lands:
     "MATILDA (-after 1128). Guillaume de Jumièges names Mathilde as illegitimate daughter of King Henry I and her husband "Conano comiti minoris Britanniæ"[285]. Her marriage is referred to by Orderic Vitalis[286], in a later passage recording that the betrothal occurred before the alliance was agreed between Henry I King of England and Louis VI King of France, which is dated to 1113[287]. "Alanus, Hoelli filius, comes totius Britannie et princeps" donated property to the abbey of Redon with the consent of "suorum filiorum Conani et Gaufridi, necnon et uxoris suæ Hermengardis et uxoris filii sui Conani, Mahalt" by charter dated 1112[288]. "Mathilda comitissa et Haduisa soror comitis Conani" signed the undated charter Duke Conan III donated a fishery to the abbey of Mont-Saint-Michel[289]. "Ermengardis mater mea et uxor mea Matildis…" signed the charter dated 1128 under which Duke Conan III confirmed the possessions of the monks of Saint-Melaine de Rennes[290].
     "m (1112 or before) CONAN III "le Gros" Duke of Brittany, son of ALAIN IV “Fergant” Duke of Brittany & his second wife Ermengarde d’Anjou (-17 Sep 1148)."
Med Lands cites:

; Per Genealogy.EU (Normandy): “H9. [illegitimate] Maud; m.ca 1112 Conon III de Bretagne (*ca 1071 +1148)”

Per Genealogy.EU (Bretagne 4): “C1. Conon III "le Gros", Duc de Bretagne (1112-48), *ca 1071, +1148; m.ca 1112 Mahaude, illegitimate dau.of King Henry I of England”.^14,15 He was Comte de Nantes, Comte de Rennes between 1112 and 1148.¹³ He was Duc de Bretagne between 1112 and 1148.^12,2,13

     Bertha de Cornouailles Duchess of Brittany was born circa 1114.⁶ She married Alain II "the Black" de Penthièvre Earl of Richmond, Duke of Brittany, sn de Guincamp, son of Etienne I (?) Comte de Tréguier et de Lamballe, Lord of Richmond and Hawise (Hedwig) (?) de Guincamp, circa 1137
;
Her 1st husband.^{12,13,1,2,4,5,14,15,6,7} Bertha de Cornouailles Duchess of Brittany married Eudo/Eudes/Eudon/Eon II (?) vicomte de Porhoët, Duc de Bretagne, son of Geoffroi (?) Vicomte de Porhoet and Havoise (?), between 1147 and 1148
;
Her 2nd husband; his 1st wife.^{3,4,6,7,16,17}
Bertha de Cornouailles Duchess of Brittany died in 1156; Genealogy.EU (Bretagne 4 page) and Med Lands say d. 1158/64; Weis [1992:107] says d. bef 1167; Genealogics says d. 1156.^12,4,6,7
      ; Per Genealogics:
     "Berthe was born about 1114, the eldest daughter of Conon III le Gros, duc de Bretagne, and Matilda, the illegitimate daughter of King Henry I of England. She was the last member of the Cornwall family to reign over Brittany.
     "About 1137 Berthe married Alain II 'the Black', comte de Penthièvre, seigneur de Guingamp, who was created 1st earl of Richmond by King Stephen of England for his support against the dispossessed Empress Matilda during the English Civil War. The marriage between Berthe and Alain may have been intended to bring Brittany on the side of Stephen in the war. They had three children, of whom Conon IV and Constance would have progeny.
     "By 1146 her husband Alain had died, and Berthe returned home to Brittany, where she married Vicomte Eudon II de Porhoët, son of Geoffroi, vicomte de Porhoët, and his wife Hawise. Their son Eudon III would have progeny.
     "In 1148 her father Duke Conon III died, and on his deathbed he had renounced Berthe's brother Hoèl IV as illegitimate and no son of his, designating Berthe as his heiress. However, Hoèl would remain as comte de Nantes.
     "When Berthe died in 1156 war broke out between her son Conon IV and her second husband Eudon. With her death the ducal throne passed to her son. Eudon may have made a compact with his brother-in-law Hoèl, comte de Nantes, to divide Brittany between them. However in late 1156 Conon IV was able to defeat Eudon and secure his maternal inheritance."⁶

Reference: Genealogics cites:

; Per Wikipédia (Fr.):
     "Berthe de Bretagne (née en 1114 - décédée en 1156), aussi connue sous le nom de Berthe de Cornouaille, fille de Conan III de Bretagne et de Mathilde d'Angleterre, fille illégitime d'Henri Ier Beauclerc, fut suo jure duchesse de Bretagne de 1148 à 1156. Elle est le dernier membre de la maison de Cornouaille à régner sur la Bretagne.
Biographie
     "En 1138, Berthe se marie à Alain le Noir, comte de Penthièvre, créé 1er comte de Richmond par Étienne d'Angleterre pour le récompenser de son rôle lors de la déposition de Mathilde l'Emperesse. Le mariage entre Berthe et Alain aurait eu comme but de réunir la Bretagne au camp mené par Étienne lors de l'Anarchie anglaise.
     "En 1146, son époux meurt, Berthe retourne en Bretagne où elle se marie à Eudon II, vicomte de Porhoët. Deux ans plus tard, son père le duc Conan III, sur son lit de mort, désavoue son fils Hoël, au motif que ce dernier serait un bâtard. Il reconnaît alors son petit-fils Conan, né de la première union de Berthe, pour héritier sous la tutelle d'Éudon de Porhoët. Berthe devenant l'héritière de Bretagne. Le refus d'Hoël d'accepter cette mise à l'écart provoque une grave crise successorale.
     "Quand Berthe décède en 1156, une guerre éclate entre Eudon qui souhaite s'approprier le pouvoir, et son fils Conan allié à Hoël. À la fin de 1156, Conan arrivera cependant à vaincre son beau-père et à sauvegarder l'héritage de sa mère.
Unions et descendance
     "De son union avec en 1135 Alain le Noir, Berthe eut trois enfants 1 :
     "De son union avec en 1147 Eudon II de Porhöet deux enfants enfants 2 ?
Références
1. Frédéric Morvan Les Chevaliers bretons. Entre Plantagenets et Capétiens du milieu xiie siècle au milieu du xiiie siècle éditions Coop Breizh, Spézet 2014 (ISBN 9782843466700) « Les Eudonides (branche cadette de la maison de Rennes) » p. 253
2. Frédéric Morvan Op.cit « Généalogie des Porhoët » p. 282
Sources
** (en) Cet article est partiellement ou en totalité issu de l’article de Wikipédia en anglais intitulé « Bertha, Duchess of Brittany » (voir la liste des auteurs).
Articles connexes
** Abbaye Notre-Dame de Langonnet fondée par Conan III: https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbaye_Notre-Dame_de_Langonnet"


Per Wikipedia:
     "Bertha of Cornouaille (fl. 1125-55), also known as Bertha of Brittany (Breton: Berthe Breizh), was hereditary Duchess of Brittany between 1148 until her death and Dowager Countess of Richmond. Bertha was the elder daughter of Conan III of Brittany by Maude, the illegitimate daughter of King Henry I of England.[1] She was the last member of the Breton House of Cornouaille to reign over Brittany.
Life
     "Bertha was the daughter of Duke Conan III of Brittany. She married the son of Stephen of Treguier, Alan the Black[2] and she lived in England with Alan until his death in 1146. Alan would eventually become Earl of Richmond. After Alan's death she returned to Brittany as Dowager Countess of Richmond and eventually married Odo II, Viscount of Porhoët. When her father Duke Conan III died, on his deathbed Conan III renounced Bertha's brother Hoèl as heir,[2] and designated Bertha as his heiress. On Conan III's death she became hereditary Duchess of Brittany.[3]
Family
     "In her first marriage, by 1138, Bertha was married to Alan le Noir at an unknown age
     "Bertha and Alan had three children:
     "Bertha married her second husband, Odo, Viscount of Porhoet in about 1148.[2][5] Bertha and Odo had three children:
Succession
     "Bertha died between 1158 and 1164, and with her death the ducal throne passed to her son Conan. [c]
Footnotes
a. Alan le Noir was Count of Penthièvre. He was created 1st Earl of Richmond by Stephen of England for his support against the dispossessed Empress Matilda during the English Civil War.[4] The marriage between Bertha and Alan may have been intended to bring Brittany into the English Civil War on the side of Stephen.
b. Everard states Eudo and Bertha had only one daughter, Adelaide.[7]
c. War broke out between Bertha's son Conan IV, Duke of Brittany and her second husband Odo. Odo may have made a compact with his brother-in-law, Hoel of Nantes to divide Brittany between them. However in late 1156 Conan IV was able to defeat Odo and secure his maternal inheritance.
Notes
1. Bryan 2016, p. 173.
2. Warren 1977, p. 75.
3. Everard 2004, p. 149.
4. Cokayne, G. E., edited by H. A. Doubleday, Geoffrey H. White, & Lord Howard de Walden, The Complete Peerage, London, 1945, vol. x, p. 788.
5. Everard 2004, p. 32.
6. Vincent 2007, p. 331.
7. Everard 2004, p. 46.
References
** Bryan, Elizabeth J. (2016). "Matthew Parker and the Middle English Prose Brut". In Rajsic, Jaclyn; Kooper, Erik; Hoche, Dominique (eds.) The Prose Brut and Other Late Medieval Chronicles. York Medieval Press.
** Everard, J. A. (2004). Brittany and the Angevins: Province and Empire 1158–1203. Cambridge University Press.
** Vincent, Nicholas (2007). "The Court of Henry II". In Harper-Bill, Christopher; Vincent, Nicholas (eds.) Henry II: New Interpretations. The Boydell Press.
** Warren, Wilfred Lewis (1977). Henry II. Yale University Press."^18,19 EDV-26 GKJ-26.

; Per Med Lands:
     "BERTHE de Bretagne (-[1158/64]). The Chronicon Britannico Alter records the death in 1148 of "Conanus Dux Britanniæ" and records that he had disinherited "Hoellus…suum…filium" and that he appointed as his successor "Eudone Vicecomite Porhoëtensi" who had married "sororem eius Bertam"[233]. Her first marriage is suggested by the Chronicon Kemperlegiensis which records the death in 1146 of "Alanus Niger, Conani Ducis gener"[234]. The undated record of an enquiry relating to the property rights of Henri d´Avaugour states that "le comte Estienne" had three children “Geffroi, Alain et Henri aieul de cest Henri ci-dessus”, adding that Alain was sent to England, was “comte de Richemont”, and on his return married “la fille de Conan comte de Rennes”[235].
     "m firstly ([1137]) ALAIN "le Noir" de Penthièvre, Lord of Richmond, son of ETIENNE de Bretagne Lord of Richmond & his wife Havise de Guingamp (before 1100-in Brittany 15 Sep 1146, bur Bégard).
     "m secondly (1148 or before) as his first wife, EUDES Vicomte de Porhoët, son of GEOFFROY Vicomte de Porhoët & his wife Hawise --- (-after 1180). He succeeded in 1148 as EUDES Duke of Brittany, by right of his wife. Deposed by his stepson in 1156, he was taken prisoner by Raoul de Fougères."
Med Lands cites:

; Per Genealogy.EU: "D2. Berthe, heiress of Brittany, +1158/64; 1m: 1135 Earl Alain of Richmond (+1146); 2m: 1147 Vcte Eudes II de Porhoët, Duc de Bretagne (+1170.)²⁰"

; Per Genealogy.EU: "F2. Alain II "The Black", Earl of Richmond, sn de Guincamp, *ca 1095, +15.9.1146; m.ca 1137 Berthe de Bretagne (+1158/64.)²¹" She was Duchess of Brittany between 1148 and 1156.¹⁹

     Alain II "the Black" de Penthièvre Earl of Richmond, Duke of Brittany, sn de Guincamp was born circa 1095 at Denain, Departement du Nord, Nord-Pas-de-Calais, France (now); Genealogics and Med Lands say b. bef 1100.^2,3,6,7 He married Bertha de Cornouailles Duchess of Brittany, daughter of Conan III le Gros (?) Duc de Bretagne and Matilda (Maud) FitzRoy (?) Duchess of Brittany, circa 1137
;
Her 1st husband.^{8,9,1,2,10,11,3,6,12,13}
Alain II "the Black" de Penthièvre Earl of Richmond, Duke of Brittany, sn de Guincamp died on 15 September 1146 at Derien, Departement des Côtes-d'Armor, Bretagne, France (now).^8,2,3,6,7
Alain II "the Black" de Penthièvre Earl of Richmond, Duke of Brittany, sn de Guincamp was buried after 15 September 1146 at Bégard Abbey, Bégard, Departement des Côtes-d'Armor, Bretagne, France; From Find A Grave:
     BIRTH     1100, Denain, Departement du Nord, Nord-Pas-de-Calais, France
     DEATH     15 Sep 1146 (aged 45–46), Derien, Departement des Côtes-d'Armor, Bretagne, France
[Text copied from Wikipedia]
     Parents
          Stephen de Penthièvre unknown–1136
     Spouse
          Bertha, Duchess of Brittany
     Siblings
          Agnoria Penthievre Dinham 1092 – unknown
          Mahaut De Bretagne De Gaunt 1092–1135
     Children
          Conan Duke Of Brittany 1142–1171
     BURIAL     Begard Abbey, Begard, Departement des Côtes-d'Armor, Bretagne, France
     Created by: Mad
     Added: 27 Feb 2012
     Find a Grave Memorial 85845695.^6,7
      ; Per Genealogy.EU: "D2. Berthe, heiress of Brittany, +1158/64; 1m: 1135 Earl Alain of Richmond (+1146); 2m: 1147 Vcte Eudes II de Porhoët, Duc de Bretagne (+1170.)¹⁴"

; Per Med Lands:
     "BERTHE de Bretagne (-[1158/64]). The Chronicon Britannico Alter records the death in 1148 of "Conanus Dux Britanniæ" and records that he had disinherited "Hoellus…suum…filium" and that he appointed as his successor "Eudone Vicecomite Porhoëtensi" who had married "sororem eius Bertam"[233]. Her first marriage is suggested by the Chronicon Kemperlegiensis which records the death in 1146 of "Alanus Niger, Conani Ducis gener"[234]. The undated record of an enquiry relating to the property rights of Henri d´Avaugour states that "le comte Estienne" had three children “Geffroi, Alain et Henri aieul de cest Henri ci-dessus”, adding that Alain was sent to England, was “comte de Richemont”, and on his return married “la fille de Conan comte de Rennes”[235].
     "m firstly ([1137]) ALAIN "le Noir" de Penthièvre, Lord of Richmond, son of ETIENNE de Bretagne Lord of Richmond & his wife Havise de Guingamp (before 1100-in Brittany 15 Sep 1146, bur Bégard).
     "m secondly (1148 or before) as his first wife, EUDES Vicomte de Porhoët, son of GEOFFROY Vicomte de Porhoët & his wife Hawise --- (-after 1180). He succeeded in 1148 as EUDES Duke of Brittany, by right of his wife. Deposed by his stepson in 1156, he was taken prisoner by Raoul de Fougères."
Med Lands cites:

; Per Burke's: "Alan Niger, was an active partisan of King Stephen in his contest with the Empress Maud. In 1142, he took the castle of Lincoln, with considerable treasure, from Ranulph, Earl of Chester, by scaling the walls at night. He also garrisoned the castle of Hotun, in Yorkshire, the part of the bishop of Durham's possessions, and made great spoil at Ripon, upon the demsnes and tenants of the archbishop of York. This Alan Niger who is described as a most deceitful, wicked person, wrote himself Earl of Britanny, Cornwall, and Richmond: but notwithstanding that character, he appears, like his progenitors, to have been a munificent benefactor to the church. His lordship m. Bertha, dau. and heir of Conan le Gros, the 3rd Duke of Bretagne (and by this marriage acquired the title of Duke of Britanny) and had issue,
He d. in 1165, and was s. by his eldest son, Conan le Petit, Earl of Richmond."¹

Reference: Genealogics cites:

; Per Genealogics:
     "Son of Etienne I, comte de Tréguier et de Lamballe, and Havise de Guincamp, Alain was born before 1100. He seems to have been marked out as the successor to his father's English lands. About 1137 Alain married Berthe de Bretagne, daughter and heiress of Conon III 'le Gros', duc de Bretagne, and Matilda, an illegitimate daughter of Henry I, king of England. They had a son Conon IV and a daughter Constance who would have progeny.
     "In 1139 an unnamed nephew of Alain was killed at the king's court by the servants of Roger, bishop of Salisbury and of the bishops of London and Ely, and Alain urged the king to reprisals, so contributing to the fall of the bishops.
     "In 1140 he seized the castle of Galclint with its treasure, ejecting William d'Aubigny from it; he afterwards built a castle at Hotun, on land of the bishop of Durham, and ravaged Ripon and the property of the archbishopric of York. In the same year King Stephen deprived Reynold de Dunstanville, illegitimate son of King Henry I, of his lands in Cornwall and gave the county to Alain, who seems to have had some claim to it as heir of his uncle Brian; he became or assumed the style of earl of Cornwall.
     "On 2 February 1141 Alain fought on the side of Stephen at the battle of Lincoln, but was put to flight at the outset by the charge of the 'Disinherited', the forces under the Empress Matilda. Later in the same year he was taken prisoner by Ranulf, earl of Chester, who forced him to do homage and to surrender the earldom of Cornwall to Reynold de Dunstanville.
     "At Christmas 1141 Alain was with the king at Canterbury, where as _Comes Alanus_ he witnessed the king's second charter for Geoffrey de Mandeville. After Easter 1142 a joust between him and Guillaume, comte d'Aumale, was stopped by the king. In 1143 he invaded the church of Ripon and insulted Archbishop William at the tomb of St. Wilfred. In or shortly before 1145 he issued two charters of confirmation for the abbey of Jervaulx, adding a gift of common for pasture.
     "In 1145 Alain crossed to Brittany, from where he did not return. Later that year at Quimper he issued a charter confirming the abbey of St. Melaine at Rennes in its rights over the church of St. Sauveur at Guingamp and over its possessions in England. In Brittany he executed two other charters, which have survived, one at Rennes on 6 January 1146 and the other at Ploërmel.
     "Alain died in Brittany on 15 September 1146 and was buried at Bégard. In or before 1148 his widow married Eudon II, vicomte de Porhoët, who was recognised as duke of Brittany _jure uxoris_ on the death of Berthe's father Conon III in 1148. They had a son Eudon III who would have progeny."³

; Per Wikipédia (Fr.):
     "Alain le Noir ou Alain de Bretagne, Alain, comte de Bretagne et parfois Alain de Penthièvre ou Alain III le Noir (en latin : Alan Niger) (vers 11001 – 15 septembre 1146), seigneur de Richmond (souvent désigné comme comte de Richmond) (1135/38-1146) et comte de Cornouailles (1140-1141) en Angleterre, seigneur du Tréguier (ou de Guingamp) en Bretagne, fut un important baron anglo-breton du règne d'Étienne d'Angleterre (1135-1154).
Biographie
Parenté et début de carrière
     "Il est le fils cadet d'Étienne († 1135/36 ou 11382), comte de Penthièvre et d'Havoise de Guingamp. Il épouse Berthe de Bretagne, fille et héritière du duc Conan III de Bretagne et de Mathilde de Normandie (connue également sous le nom : Mathilde FitzRoy), fille d'Henri Ier Beauclerc. À la mort de son père, il hérite de ses terres anglaises (qui viennent des frères de son père), tandis que le patrimoine familial, le comté de Penthièvre, est partagé en deux parties égales entre l'aîné Geoffroy Boterel et le cadet Henri2. Ce partage avait probablement été convenu depuis longtemps, car Alain agît comme lord de Richmond dès 11232.
En Angleterre
     "Il est souvent désigné « comte de Richmond » (Earl of Richmond), bien qu'il n'existe aucune preuve de sa création ainsi3. Il semble que sa création soit implicite, et qu'il ait les mêmes pouvoirs sur le Richmondshire que les autres comtes.[réf. nécessaire]
     "Dans la guerre civile pour la couronne d'Angleterre, il est au service du roi Étienne d'Angleterre contre Mathilde l'Emperesse. Vers 1140, il entre en conflit avec son voisin Guillaume le Gros, le comte d'York, entre autres pour le contrôle des possessions de Gilbert de Gand, son cousin germain, durant sa minorité4.
     "Toujours en 1140, le roi l'envoie en Cornouailles mener une contre-offensive contre Réginald de Dunstanville, le comte de Cornouailles5. Ce dernier mène une campagne contre les barons locaux hostiles à sa demi-sœur Mathilde l'Emperesse5. Alain y trouve un certain soutien5. Il parvient à isoler son adversaire, qui ne contrôle plus qu'un territoire limité à un seul château (probablement celui de Launceston)5. Alain réussit à maintenir sa position de comte de Cornouailles et tient même une cour de justice à Bodmin5.
     "En 1140, après la reprise par le roi de la ville et du château de Lincoln au comte de Chester Ranulph de Gernon, une bataille d'envergure se prépare. Le roi ordonne des attaques contre les autres châteaux de Ranulph dans la région6. Alain le Noir s'empare de Galclint (identifié généralement comme le château de Belvoir), que le comte a acquis récemment6 en expulsant Guillaume d'Aubigné, le seigneur de Belvoir7.Il prend aussi les châteaux d'Howden et Ripon où il met en garnison des troupes loyales au roi6. Il rejoint ensuite le roi à Lincoln, avec des troupes venant du Yorkshire, qu'il a mobilisées avec l'aide de Guillaume le Gros, le comte de York6.
     "Le 2 février 1141, il est dans l'armée royale lors de la bataille de Lincoln durant laquelle le roi est capturé. D'après Jean de Hexham, il s'enfuit avant même que la bataille n'ait débuté. Il existe deux versions différentes de ce qu'il fait quelques jours après la bataille8. Pour la Gesta Stephani, il essaie de capturer le comte de Chester dans une embuscade, mais c'est lui qui se fait capturer et emprisonner8. Il doit alors rendre la forteresse de Galclint (Belvoir) et faire serment d'allégeance à Ranulph de Gernon9. Pour Jean de Hexham, le comte de Chester le capture par tricherie en se présentant devant Galclint et en lui demandant de venir parlementer8
     "Ces événements permettent à Réginald de Dunstanville de reprendre le contrôle du comté de Cornouailles5.
     "Son conflit avec le comte d'York reprend en 1142, et Étienne doit venir dans le Yorkshire pour empêcher une guerre ouverte entre les deux barons, tous deux ses alliés10. En 1143, il assiste Guillaume Cumin, usurpateur du diocèse de Durham, dans la défense de Durham contre les forces de l'évêque légitime Guillaume de Sainte-Barbe11.
     "Il n'a pas une réputation d'ami de l'Église, bien qu'il semble avoir changé sur la fin de sa carrière8. Pour H. A. Cronne, ses suivants jouent un rôle important dans l'arrestation de l'évêque Roger de Salisbury et de ses neveux en 11398. Vers la fin de l'année 1140, il est impliqué dans la destruction de propriétés ecclésiastiques appartement à l'archevêché d'York8. En 1144, il abime l'église de Rippon8.
     "Toujours en 1143, il est en conflit avec le comte d'York et Ranulph de Gernon pour la garde des domaines de Adam (II) de Brus durant sa minorité12.
En Bretagne
     "En Bretagne, il semble qu'Alain se soit emparé de la seigneurie indépendante du Tréguier (ou de Guingamp) appartenant à l'origine à son frère Henri13. Celle-ci était issue du partage en deux parties égales du comté de Penthièvre effectué par leur père Étienne13. La partie principale était connue comme la seigneurie de Penthièvre (ou Lamballe)13. Henri semble avoir été convaincu de lui abandonner et de ne pas se marier13. Notamment, en 1145, c'est Alain qui confirme une donation faite par leur père à l'abbaye de Guingamp, ce qui confirme qu'il est le suzerain de ce domaine13. C'est également dans ce contexte qu'il avait fondé pour les cisterciens le 25 juin 1142 l'abbaye Notre-Dame de Coatmalouen14, « fille » de l'abbaye de Bégard15
     "Dans une étude récente Stéphane Morin estime que l'exclusion du pourvoir d'Hoël III de Bretagne « désavoué » par son père Conan III de Bretagne pour cause d'une pseudo illégitimité relevée par Pierre Le Baud mais ignorée par les chroniqueurs contemporains comme Robert de Thorigny est une conséquence de l'ambition d'Alain le Noir descendant en ligne masculine directe du comte de Bretagne Éon Ier de la maison de Rennes, de rétablir sa lignée après son union avec Berthe de Bretagne, fille de Conan III de Bretagne, en mettant ainsi fin à l'« usurpation » de la maison de Cornouaille16.
Fin de vie
     "Quand il meurt en 1146, son fils Conan est mineur. Son droit à l'honneur de Richmond n'est reconnu qu'en 1153-11541. Il meurt en Bretagne et est inhumé à l'abbaye de Bégard17
Famille et descendance
     "Marié à Berthe de Bretagne, future duchesse de Bretagne, ils eurent pour descendants?:
     "En 1148, sa veuve se remaria à Eudon de Porhoët, vicomte de Porhoët.
Voir aussi
** Comte de Richmond; Comte de Richmond
Notes et références
1. Michael Jones, « Conan (IV), duke of Brittany (c.1135–1171) », Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, Sept 2004; online edn, May 2006.
2. Judith Everard, Brittany and the Angevins: province and empire, 1158-1203, coll. Cambridge studies in medieval life and thought, Cambridge University Press, 2000, p. 189. (ISBN 978-0-521-66071-6)
3. John Horace Round, « Geoffrey de Mandeville: A Study of the Anarchy », Publié par Ayer Publishing, 1972, Appendice D.
4. Paul Dalton, Rosamond McKitterick, Christine Carpenter, Jonathan Shepard, Conquest, Anarchy and Lordship: Yorkshire, 1066-1154, Cambridge University Press, 2002, p. 164-165. (ISBN 0-521-52464-4).
5. David Crouch, « Reginald, earl of Cornwall (d. 1175) », Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, Sept 2004; online edition, Oct 2008.
6. David Crouch, The Reign of King Stephen, 1135-1154, Longman, 2000, p. 139-142.
7. David Crouch, The Reign of King Stephen, 1135-1154, Pearson Education Limited, 2000, p. 145.
8. H. A. Cronne, « Ranulf de Gernons, Earl of Chester, 1129-1153 », Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, Fourth Series, vol. 20 (1937), p. 103-134.
9. Paul Dalton, Rosamond McKitterick, Christine Carpenter, Jonathan Shepard, Conquest, Anarchy and Lordship: Yorkshire, 1066-1154, Cambridge University Press, 2002, p. 162.
10. Paul Dalton, « William le Gros, count of Aumale and earl of York (c.1110–1179) », Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004
11. Paul Dalton, Rosamond McKitterick, Christine Carpenter, Jonathan Shepard, Conquest, Anarchy and Lordship: Yorkshire, 1066-1154, Cambridge University Press, 2002, p. 167.
12. Janet E. Burton, The Monastic Order in Yorkshire, 1069-1215, Cambridge University Press, 1999, p. 202.
13. Judith Everard, op. cit., p. 31.
14. Joëlle Quaghbeur La Cornouaille du IXe au XIIe siècle P.U.R, Rennes (2002) (ISBN 2 868477437) p. 333
15. Les Abbayes Bretonnes, ouvrage collectif publié par la Biennale des Abbayes Bretonnes B.A.B & Fayard (ISBN 9782213013138) p. 382
16. Stéphane Morin Trégor, Goëlo, Penthièvre. Le pouvoir des Comtes de Bretagne du XIe au XIIIe siècle Presses Universitaires de Rennes & Société d'émulation des Côtes-d'Armor. Rennes 2010 (ISBN 9782753510128) « les ambitions d'Alain le Noir » p. 133-136
17. Paul Jeulin, « Un grand « Honneur » anglais, Aperçus sur le « Comté » de Richmond en Angleterre, possession des ducs de Bretagne (1069/71-1398) », Annales de Bretagne, vol. 42, no 3-4 (1935), pp. 265-302.
Sources
** Descendants des comtes de Penthièvre [archive] sur Medieval Lands: http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/BRITTANY.htm
Bibliographie
** André Wilmart O. S. B. « Alain Le Roux et Alain Le Noir, Comtes de Bretagne ». Dans: Annales de Bretagne. Tome 38, numéro 3, 1928. p. 576-602."


Per Wikipedia:
     "Alan, 1st Earl of Richmond (before 1100 – 15 September 1146),[1] at an unknown age Breton Alan Penteur, also known as "Alan the Black", was a Breton noble who fought for Stephen, King of England.[2] Alan was the third son of Stephen, Count of Tréguier, and Hawise de Guingamp.[3]
Life
     "The Honour of Richmond had been founded by Alan's uncle, Count Alan Rufus, who had died heirless, so it passed to a younger brother, Count Alan the Black, and then to a yet younger brother, namely Count Stephen. After Count Stephen's death in 1135/6, his Breton lands were inherited by his eldest son, Geoffrey Boterel II, whereas his English lands, the Honour of Richmond, went to Alan. During the Anarchy, Geoffrey supported the dispossessed Empress Matilda and her husband Geoffrey of Anjou, while Alan allied with King Stephen. Alan married Bertha of Brittany, daughter of Conan III, Duke of Brittany,[3] in a politically arranged marriage, perhaps in a move to draw Brittany onto Stephen's side in the conflict against Empress Matilda. In part to promote the alliance with Conan III of Brittany. Stephen created Alan 1st Earl of Richmond. Additionally, Stephen recognized Alan as Earl of Cornwall, in recognition of another of Alan's uncles, Brian, who, Alan claimed, had formerly possessed Cornwall. After the Battle of Lincoln (1141), Alan was captured by Ranulf de Gernon, 4th Earl of Chester and tortured until he relinquished his claim to the Earldom of Cornwall.
Family
     "With Bertha, Duchess of Brittany, he had three children:
     "In addition, Alan had four illegitimate sons:[4]
Succession
     "Alan died in Brittany by 1146 and was buried at Bégard Monastery. After his death, Bertha returned to Brittany.[b]
     "His son Conan IV inherited his title as Earl of Richmond and would later inherit the title Duke of Brittany.
Notes
a. Cokayne states that Alan was born before his younger brother Henry, who was born in 1100.
b. In Brittany after Alan's death, Bertha's father Conan III renounced Hoël as his son and heir and designated Bertha as his heiress. When he died, Bertha inherited the Duchy of Brittany. As the dowager Countess of Richmond, Bertha continued to represent the alliance between Brittany and Stephen's England.
References
1. Cokayne, p. 791n.
2. Cokayne, p. 788.
3. Morvan 2009, p. table 3.
4. Cokayne, p. 790n.
Bibliography
** Barlow, Frank (1955) The Feudal Kingdom of England 1042–1216, London: Longmans, Green; tree opposite p. 288
** Cokayne, G. E. (1945) "The Complete Peerage", London: H. A. Doubleday & Lord Howard de Walden, edited by Geoffrey H. White, vol. x, p. 788.
** Galliou, Patrick, & Jones, Michael (1991) The Bretons, Oxford: Blackwell ISBN 0-631-16406-5; p. 191
** Morvan, Frederic (2009). La Chevalerie bretonne et la formation de l'armee ducale, 1260-1341 (in French). Presses Universitaires de Rennes."^15,16

Reference: Weis [1992:107] line 119-26.⁸

; Per Med Lands:
     "ALAIN "le Noir" de Penthièvre (before 1100-in Brittany 15 Sep 1146, bur Bégard Monastery). The undated record of an enquiry relating to the property rights of Henri d’Avaugour states that "le comte Estienne" had three children “Geffroi, Alain et Henri aieul de cest Henri ci-dessus”, adding that Alain was sent to England and was “comte de Richemont” and was in turn succeeded by “son fils Rivallon”[392]. “Stephanus comes Britanniæ” donated property to Rumburgh priory, for the souls of “comitissa Haudewisa…filiorum meorum et filiarum…Galfridi…Alani, Henrici” by undated charter[393]. The Genealogia Comitum Richemundiæ names "Alanum" as son of "Stefanus frater…Alani", stating that he succeeded his father "in honorem Richemundiæ", dying "in Britannia III Kal Apr…1166" and his burial "apud Begar"[394]. He succeeded his father in [1135/36] as Lord of Richmond in Yorkshire. "Alan comes et indigena of England and count of Brittany" donated property to the abbey of Holy Trinity, Sauvigny by charter dated to [1137/46], subscribed by "…Hainrico fratre meo…"[395]. He supported King Stephen in the English civil war[396]. Seigneur de Guingamp. The Chronicon Britannico records the death in 1146 of "Alanus Comes in Anglia atque in Britannia"[397]. The Chronicon Kemperlegiensis records the death in 1146 of "Alanus Niger, Conani Ducis gener"[398]. The Chronicon Ruyensis Cœnobii records the death in 1146 of "Alanus Niger Comes"[399].
     "m ([1137]) as her first marriage, BERTHE de Bretagne, daughter of CONAN III Duke of Brittany & his wife Matilda, illegitimate daughter of Henry I King of England (-1162/67). The undated record of an enquiry relating to the property rights of Henri d’Avaugour states that "le comte Estienne" had three children “Geffroi, Alain et Henri aieul de cest Henri ci-dessus”, adding that Alain was sent to England, was “comte de [Richemont”, and on his return married “la fille de Conan comte de Rennes”[400]. “Stephanus comes Britanniæ” donated property to Rumburgh priory, for the souls of “comitissa Haudewisa…filiorum meorum et filiarum…Galfridi…Alani, Henrici” by undated charter[401]. Her first marriage is suggested by the Chronicon Kemperlegiensis which records the death in 1146 of "Alanus Niger, Conani Ducis gener"[402]. The Chronicon Britannico Alter records the death in 1148 of "Conanus Dux Britanniæ" and records that he had disinherited "Hoellus…suum…filium" and that he appointed as his successor "Eudone Vicecomite Porhoëtensi" who had married "sororem eius Bertam"[403]. She married secondly (1148 or before) Eudon Vicomte de Porhoët, who was recognised as Duke of Brittany on the death of Conan III in 1148. Mistress (1): ---. The names of Alain's mistress is not known"
Med Lands cites: EDV-26 GKJ-26.

; Per Genealogy.EU: "F2. Alain II "The Black", Earl of Richmond, sn de Guincamp, *ca 1095, +15.9.1146; m.ca 1137 Berthe de Bretagne (+1158/64.)¹⁷" He was Earl of Richmond (jure uxoris) between 1136 and 1146.^9,1,16 He was assumed title of Earl of Cornwall in 1140.¹¹

; Per Ravillious email [2006]: "fought for Stephen at Battle of Lincoln, 2 Feb 1141 (defeated); captured by Ranulf of Chester, paroled before Christmas 1141[2]."¹¹

     Etienne I (?) Comte de Tréguier et de Lamballe, Lord of Richmond was born circa 1060 at Penthièvre, Departement du Morbihan, Bretagne, France (now); Genealogy.EU says b. ca 1064; Genealogics says b. ca 1045; Med lands says b. 1058/62; Wikipédia (Fr.) says b. ca 1060.^4,3,7,9,10 He married Hawise (Hedwig) (?) de Guincamp, daughter of Thibaut/Theobald III de Blois Comte de Blois, Chartres, Châteaudun, Troyes, Meaux et Sancerre, et de Champagne and Adelaide (?) de Valois-Crépy, comtesse de Bar-sur-Aube.^{11,4,12,3,13,14,7}

Etienne I (?) Comte de Tréguier et de Lamballe, Lord of Richmond died on 21 April 1136 at North Yorkshire, England.^{15,4,12,7,14,10}
Etienne I (?) Comte de Tréguier et de Lamballe, Lord of Richmond was buried after 21 April 1136 at Abbey of St Mary (defunct), York, York Unitary Authority, North Yorkshire, England; From Find A Grave:
     BIRTH     unknown, Penthievre, Departement du Morbihan, Bretagne, France
     DEATH     21 Apr 1136, North Yorkshire, England
     Stephen of Brittany, Count Of Treguier, I, Etienne, Comte de Penthièvre. Son of Eudes (Odo) de Brittany and Agnes of Cornwall (Cornouaille), grandson of Geoffrey of Brittany and Hawise of Normandy, Alain Cagniart, Count de Cornuaille and Judith de Nantes. He was a descendant of Richard I Sans Peur, and was the grandfather of Conan IV, Duke of Brittany.
     Stephen married Hawise of Guingamp and had the following children:
     Stephen succeeded as the Count of Treguier in 1093, and succeeded his brother, Alain, as Lord of Richmond in 1098. Stephen and Hawise founded the Augustinian abbey of Saint Croix at Guingamp, Brittany, France, and the Cistercian abbey of Begard, Brittany, France, as well as becoming the benefactors of many other religious houses. Bio by Anne Shurtleff Stevens
     Family Members
     Parents
          Eudes de de Penthièvre 999–1079
     Spouse
          Hawise Guingamp Penthievre
     Siblings
          Geoffroy de Bretagne unknown–1093
          Robert Breherval unknown–1083
          Geoffroy Boterel de Bretagne unknown–1092
          Alain Rufus de Bretagne 1040–1093
     Children
          Agnoria Penthievre Dinham 1092 – unknown
          Mahaut De Bretagne De Gaunt 1092–1135
          Alan de Penthièvre 1100–1146
     BURIAL     Abbey of St Mary (defunct), York, York Unitary Authority, North Yorkshire, England
     Maintained by: Anne Shurtleff Stevens
     Originally Created by: Jerry Ferren
     Added: 7 Jan 2012
     Find a Grave Memorial 83076066.^16,10
     Reference: Genealogics cites: He was Count of Penthievre.^11,1

; Per Genealogics: "Etienne was the son of Eudes I, comte de Penthièvre and co-regent of Brittany. He succeeded to the Breton lands of his brother Geoffrey Botterel and to the honour of Richmond after the death of his brother Alain. He was the benefactor of the abbey of St. Mary, York and founded the Augustinian abbey of Ste.Croix and Guingamp and, in 1130, the Cistercian abbey of Begard. Etienne and his wife Hawisa had three sons and three daughters who would have progeny. Etienne died 21 April 1135 and was buried in the choir of St. Mary's, York. Hawisa died after 1134.”.³ GAV-25 EDV-26 GKJ-26.

; This is the same person as ”Stephen, Count of Tréguier” at Wikipedia and as ”Étienne Ier de Penthièvre” at Wikipédia (FR).^17,9 Etienne I (?) Comte de Tréguier et de Lamballe, Lord of Richmond was also known as Stephen (?) Count of Brittany, Lord of Richmond.¹² He was Count of Brittany.¹⁵

;      Per Weis [1992]: "Stephen I, Count of Brittany, held honour or Richmond in England, founder of Augustinian abbey of Ste. Croix at Guincamp ca 1110, founder of Cistercian abbey of Begard, d. 21 Apr. 1135 or 1136, bur. in the choir of St. Mary's, York; m. Hawise (said to have been the Countess of Guincamp, which is doubtful). (CP X 786-787)."
     Revised in Weis [2004] to read: "Stephen (Etienne) I, (perh. by Orguen), a count of Brittany, Cout of Tréguier and Lamballe, held honour of Richmond in England, founder of Augustinian abbey of Ste. Croix at Guincamp abt. 1110, founder of Cistercian abbey of Begard, d. 21 Apr. 1135 or 1136, m. Hawise (par. unkn.), liv. 1135. (CP X: 786-787 and note d; ES II/75 NEU)."^18,13

; Per Med Lands:
     "ETIENNE de Bretagne, son of EUDES de Bretagne Comte de Penthièvre & his wife Orguen [Agnès] de Cornouaïlle ([1058/62]-21 Apr [1135/36], bur York, St Mary or Saint-Brieuc). The Genealogia Comitum Richemundiæ names "Alanum…Rufum…Alanus Niger…Stephanus" as the three sons of "Eudo Comes Britanniæ", stating that Etienne succeeded his brother "in honorem Richemundiæ", dying "Id Apr…1164"[382]. His absence from the charter dated to [1056/60], witnessed by "comes Eudo, uxor eius Orguen et filii eorum Gausfridus, Alanus, Willelmus, Rotbertus, Ricardus…"[383], suggests that he was born after the date of the document or must have been too young to have subscribed it. This hypothesis is also consistent with his death in [1135/36], when he would have been around 75 years old if he had been born towards the end of his father’s life. He succeeded his brother Geoffroy (or Geoffroy's son) [in 1093] as Comte de Penthièvre, and in his other lands in Brittany. He succeeded his brother Alain "the Black" as Lord of Richmond in Yorkshire in 1098. “Stephanus comes Britanniæ” donated property to Rumburgh priory, for the souls of “comitissa Haudewisa…filiorum meorum et filiarum…Galfridi…Alani, Henrici” by undated charter[384].
     "m HAVISE de Guingamp, daughter of ---. “Stephanus comes Britanniæ” donated property to Rumburgh priory, for the souls of “comitissa Haudewisa…filiorum meorum et filiarum…Galfridi…Alani, Henrici” by undated charter[385]. The primary source which confirms her parentage has not yet been identified. "Henricus, comitis Stephani filius" donated property to the priory of Saint-Magloire de Léhon, for the souls of "patris…et fratris Stephani…et Alani comitum, matris…mee Hadvise", by charter dated 1148[386]."
Med Lands cites:

; Per Genealogy.EU (Bretagne 3): “E2. Etienne I, Cte de Treguier et de Lamballe, *ca 1064, +21.4.1135/37; m.Havise de Guincamp”.² He was Earl/Lord of Richmond between 1096 and 1136.^15,9,17

     Geoffrey I (?) Comte de Rennes, Duc de Bretagne was born circa 980.^5,14,15,2,4 He married Hawise (?) of Rennes, Duchess of Brittany, daughter of Richard I "The Fearless" (?) 3rd Duke of Normandy and Gunnora (Gunnor, Gonnor) de Crepon Duchess of Normandy, in 996.^{16,5,17,12,14,2,4,18}

Geoffrey I (?) Comte de Rennes, Duc de Bretagne died on 20 November 1008.^{16,1,5,12,15,14,2,4}
Geoffrey I (?) Comte de Rennes, Duc de Bretagne was buried after 20 November 1008 at Mont Saint-Michel Abbey, Mont-Saint-Michel (Pontorson), Departement de la Manche, Basse-Normandie, France (now); From Find A Grave:
     BIRTH     unknown
     DEATH     20 Nov 1008
     Family Members
     Parents
          Conan De Rennes 944–992
          Ermengarde D'Anjou Bretagne De Rennes 958–1022
     Spouse
          Hawise De Normandie d'Rennes unknown–1034 (m. 996)
     Siblings
          Judith De Rennes 983–1017
     Children
          Alain de Bretagne unknown–1040
          Eudes de de Penthièvre 999–1079
     BURIAL     Mont Saint-Michel Abbey, Pontorson, Departement de la Manche, Basse-Normandie, France
     Created by: Todd Whitesides
     Added: 30 Nov 2013
     Find A Grave Memorial 121019566.¹⁹
      ; Per Genealogics:
     "Geoffrey was born about 980, the son of Conon I 'le Tort', duc de Bretagne, and Ermengarde d'Anjou. He was his father's heir to the duchy of Brittany and county of Rennes on the death of his father in 992. In 994 he defeated the young Judicael, comte de Nantes, and forced him to pay homage. In 995 he took the title of Duke of Brittany. To ensure his power over Nantes, after the death in 1004 of Bishop Hervé of Nantes and of Count Judicael, he had a knight Gauthier II elected as the new bishop of Nantes.
     "In 996 Geoffrey married Hawise of Normandy, daughter of Richard I 'the Fearless', duke of Normandy, and his wife Gunnor. They had at least four children, of whom Alain and Eudes would have progeny.
     "Geoffrey was very religious. Wanting to restore the monasteries, he asked Gauzlin de Fleury, abbot of Saint-Benoit-sur-Loire and future archbishop of Bourges, to send him a monk able to accomplish this task. The abbot entrusted the task to a monk named Felix, who arrived in Brittany in 1008. When Geoffrey decided to undertake a pilgrimage to Rome and to the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem, he commended Felix to his wife and two sons.
     "Geoffrey died on 20 November 1008 while returning from his pilgrimage to the tomb of the apostles in Rome."¹⁴

Reference: Genealogics cites:

; This is the same person as ”Geoffrey I, Duke of Brittany” at Wikipedia and as ”Geoffroi Ier de Bretagne” at Wikipédia (FR).^15,20 GAV-27 EDV-27 GKJ-28.

; Per Genealogy.EU (Bretagne 3): “C1. Geoffroy, Duc de Bretagne (992-1008), *ca 980, +20.11.1008; m.996 Havise of Normandy (*ca 977 +21.2.1034)”.²¹

; Per Med Lands:
     "GEOFFROY de Bretagne, son of CONAN I "le Tort" Duke of Brittany & his wife Ermengarde d'Anjou ([980]-20 Nov 1008). His parentage is confirmed by the Chronico Sancti Michaelis which records that "Gaufridus Dux Britanniæ filius Conani filii Juhelli Berengarii" died in 1008 "dum pergeret Romam causa orationis"[131]. He succeeded his father 992 as GEOFFROY I Duke of Brittany. A charter dated 1026 recalls that "Gaufridus, Conani Curvi filius" was killed "apud Concuruz prelium"[132]. The Chronicon Kemperlegiense records the death "dum pergeret Romam" in 1008 of "Gauffridus Dux Britanniæ filius Conani filii Iuhaëlis Berengarii"[133].
     "m (996) HAVISE de Normandie, daughter of RICHARD I "Sans-Peur" Comte [de Normandie] & his second wife Gunnora --- (-21 Feb 1034). Guillaume of Jumièges names “Emma...secunda Hadvis...tertia Mathildis” as the three daughters of Richard and his wife “Gunnor ex nobilissima Danorum prosapia ortam”, adding that Havise married “Goiffredo Britannorum comiti” by whom she had “Alanum et Eudonem duces”[134]. A charter dated 1008 records that, after the death of "Gaufrido comite Britanniæ", "filii eius Alanus et Eudo cum matre eorum Hadeguisia" restored the abbey of Saint-Méen[135]. "…Aduise matre eorum comitum…" signed the charter dated to [1013/22] under which "Alanus et Egio Britannorum monarchi" founded the priory of Livré "in pago Redonensi"[136]. The Chronico Kemperlegiensi records the death "1034 IX Kal Mar" of "Haduisa comitissa Britanniæ, vidua Gauffridi"[137]."
Med Lands cites:

; Per Genealogy.EU (Normandy): “D4. [1m.] Hawise, *ca 977, +21.2.1034; m.996 Geoffrey I de Bretagne”.²²

; Per Racines et Histoire (Normandie): “2) Hav(o)ise de Normandie ° ~977 + 21/02/1034
     ép. 996 Geoffroi 1er de Bretagne comte de Rennes, duc de Bretagne ° ~980 + 20-21/11/1008 (fils de Conan «Le Tort» et d’Ermengarde d’Anjou)”.⁴

; Per Med Lands:
     "HAVISE (-21 Feb 1034). Guillaume of Jumièges names “Emma...secunda Hadvis...tertia Mathildis” as the three daughters of Richard and his wife “Gunnor ex nobilissima Danorum prosapia ortam”, adding that Havise married “Goiffredo Britannorum comiti” by whom she had “Alanum et Eudonem duces”[134]. A charter dated 1008 records that, after the death of "Gaufrido comite Britanniæ", "filii eius Alanus et Eudo cum matre eorum Hadeguisia" restored the abbey of Saint-Méen[135]. "…Aduise matre eorum comitum…" signed the charter dated to [1013/22] under which "Alanus et Egio Britannorum monarchi" founded the priory of Livré "in pago Redonensi"[136]. The Chronico Kemperlegiensi records the death "1034 IX Kal Mar" of "Haduisa comitissa Britanniæ, vidua Gauffridi"[137].
     "m (996) GEOFFROY I Duke of Brittany, son of CONAN I "le Tort" Duke of Brittany & his wife Ermengarde d'Anjou ([980]-20 Nov 1008)."
Med Lands cites: He was Duc de Bretagne
     See attached image of family tree of the Dukes of Brittany from the 9th century, to the annexation of Brittany by France in 1532. (from Wikipedia: By Muriel Gottrop - drawn by Muriel Gottrop and corrected by others, CC BY-SA 1.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=76637945)
     Also see attached image of map of Brittany in the 9th century. (from Wikipedia: By France - Grand Ouest - map-blank.svg: (Sémhurderivative work: Fab5669 (talk) - France - Grand Ouest - map-blank.svgLouis Élegoët, Bretagne une histoire, CRDP de Bretagne, 2000, p. 54 : Limites successives de la Bretagne au IXe siècle.Il était une fois l'Ouest, éditions Ouest-France, 2009, p.11 : Les frontières de la Bretagne des origines au XVe siècle., CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=12049589) between 992 and 1008.^5,12,15 He was Count of Rennes between 992 and 1008.¹⁵

     Hawise (?) of Rennes, Duchess of Brittany was born circa 977 at Rouen, Departement de la Seine-Maritime, Haute-Normandie, France.^8,2,4,9,6 She married Geoffrey I (?) Comte de Rennes, Duc de Bretagne, son of Conan I "Le Tort" (?) Duc de Bretagne, Cte de Rennes and Ermengarde (?) d'Anjou, Duchess of Bretagne, in 996.^{10,8,2,11,12,13,6,3}

Hawise (?) of Rennes, Duchess of Brittany died on 21 February 1034 at Rennes, Departement d'Ille-et-Vilaine, Bretagne, France.^{14,8,2,4,5,6,3}
      ; Per Med Lands:
     "GEOFFROY de Bretagne, son of CONAN I "le Tort" Duke of Brittany & his wife Ermengarde d'Anjou ([980]-20 Nov 1008). His parentage is confirmed by the Chronico Sancti Michaelis which records that "Gaufridus Dux Britanniæ filius Conani filii Juhelli Berengarii" died in 1008 "dum pergeret Romam causa orationis"[131]. He succeeded his father 992 as GEOFFROY I Duke of Brittany. A charter dated 1026 recalls that "Gaufridus, Conani Curvi filius" was killed "apud Concuruz prelium"[132]. The Chronicon Kemperlegiense records the death "dum pergeret Romam" in 1008 of "Gauffridus Dux Britanniæ filius Conani filii Iuhaëlis Berengarii"[133].
     "m (996) HAVISE de Normandie, daughter of RICHARD I "Sans-Peur" Comte [de Normandie] & his second wife Gunnora --- (-21 Feb 1034). Guillaume of Jumièges names “Emma...secunda Hadvis...tertia Mathildis” as the three daughters of Richard and his wife “Gunnor ex nobilissima Danorum prosapia ortam”, adding that Havise married “Goiffredo Britannorum comiti” by whom she had “Alanum et Eudonem duces”[134]. A charter dated 1008 records that, after the death of "Gaufrido comite Britanniæ", "filii eius Alanus et Eudo cum matre eorum Hadeguisia" restored the abbey of Saint-Méen[135]. "…Aduise matre eorum comitum…" signed the charter dated to [1013/22] under which "Alanus et Egio Britannorum monarchi" founded the priory of Livré "in pago Redonensi"[136]. The Chronico Kemperlegiensi records the death "1034 IX Kal Mar" of "Haduisa comitissa Britanniæ, vidua Gauffridi"[137]."
Med Lands cites:

; Per Genealogy.EU (Bretagne 3): “C1. Geoffroy, Duc de Bretagne (992-1008), *ca 980, +20.11.1008; m.996 Havise of Normandy (*ca 977 +21.2.1034)”.¹⁵

; Per Genealogics: "Hawise was born in 977, the daughter of Richard I 'the Fearless', duke of Normandy, and his wife Gunnor. In 996 she married Geoffrey I, duc de Bretagne, son of Conon I 'le Tort', duc de Bretagne, and Ermengarde d'Anjou. About four years later her brother Richard II married Judith de Bretagne, Geoffrey's sister. Hawise and Geoffrey had at least four children, of whom Alain and Eudes would have progeny. On the death of her husband in 1008, Hawise became dowager duchess of Brittany and regent for her ten years old son Alain III, the future duke of Brittany. Hawise died at Rennes on 22 February 1034."⁴

Reference: Genealogics cites:

; This is the same person as ”Hawise of Normandy” at Wikipedia and as ”Havoise de Normandie” at Wikipédia (FR).^5,16 GAV-27 EDV-27 GKJ-28. Hawise (?) of Rennes, Duchess of Brittany was also known as Hawise (?) of Normandy.^11,17,4

; Per Racines et Histoire (Normandie): “2) Hav(o)ise de Normandie ° ~977 + 21/02/1034
     ép. 996 Geoffroi 1er de Bretagne comte de Rennes, duc de Bretagne ° ~980 + 20-21/11/1008 (fils de Conan «Le Tort» et d’Ermengarde d’Anjou)”.⁶

; Per Med Lands:
     "HAVISE (-21 Feb 1034). Guillaume of Jumièges names “Emma...secunda Hadvis...tertia Mathildis” as the three daughters of Richard and his wife “Gunnor ex nobilissima Danorum prosapia ortam”, adding that Havise married “Goiffredo Britannorum comiti” by whom she had “Alanum et Eudonem duces”[134]. A charter dated 1008 records that, after the death of "Gaufrido comite Britanniæ", "filii eius Alanus et Eudo cum matre eorum Hadeguisia" restored the abbey of Saint-Méen[135]. "…Aduise matre eorum comitum…" signed the charter dated to [1013/22] under which "Alanus et Egio Britannorum monarchi" founded the priory of Livré "in pago Redonensi"[136]. The Chronico Kemperlegiensi records the death "1034 IX Kal Mar" of "Haduisa comitissa Britanniæ, vidua Gauffridi"[137].
     "m (996) GEOFFROY I Duke of Brittany, son of CONAN I "le Tort" Duke of Brittany & his wife Ermengarde d'Anjou ([980]-20 Nov 1008)."
Med Lands cites:

; Per Genealogy.EU (Normandy): “D4. [1m.] Hawise, *ca 977, +21.2.1034; m.996 Geoffrey I de Bretagne”.¹⁸ She was Duchess of Brittany between 996 and 1008.⁵

     Eudes/Odo I de Blois Cte de Blois, Chartres, Châteaudun, Tours, Beauvais, Dreux, et de Meaux, Seigneur de Chinon et de Saumur was born circa 953 at Mormontier, France.^1,2,4,6 He married Bertha (?) des Deux-Bourgognes, daughter of Conrad I "The Peaceful" (?) King of Burgundy and Matilda (?) de France, Queen consort of Burgundy, circa 983
;
Her 1st husband; Genealogics says m. ca 983; Med Lands says m. 978/80.^{12,2,13,14,15,16,6,8}
Eudes/Odo I de Blois Cte de Blois, Chartres, Châteaudun, Tours, Beauvais, Dreux, et de Meaux, Seigneur de Chinon et de Saumur died between 12 March 995 and 996 at Mormontier, France; Genealogics says d. 12 Mar 996; Med Lands says d. 12 Feb/4 Jul 995.^2,1,6,15,8
Eudes/Odo I de Blois Cte de Blois, Chartres, Châteaudun, Tours, Beauvais, Dreux, et de Meaux, Seigneur de Chinon et de Saumur was buried after 12 March 996 at Abbaye de Marmoutier, Tours, Departement d'Indre-et-Loire, Centre, France; From Find A Grave:
     BIRTH     unknown
     DEATH     12 Mar 996, Tours, Departement d'Indre-et-Loire, Centre, France
     (born around 950; died in 996) Nobility. Count of Blois, Tours, Chartres, Châteaudun, Beauvais and Dreux, Seigneur de Chinon and Saumur.
     Family Members
     Parents
          Thibaut I de Blois
          Luitgardis de Vermandois 914 – unknown
     Spouse
          Bertha Of Burgundy
     Siblings
          Hugues de Blois unknown–986
          Emma of Blois unknown–1003
     Children
          Thibaut II de Blois unknown–1004
          Eudes II de Blois unknown–1037
     BURIAL     Abbaye de Marmoutier, Tours, Departement d'Indre-et-Loire, Centre, France
     Created by: Lutetia
     Added: 23 Oct 2013
     Find a Grave Memorial 119185049.¹⁷
      ; Per Genealogy.EU (Welf 1): “F5. [2m.] Berthe, +after 1016; 1m: Cte Eudes I de Blois (+995/6); 2m: 997 (div ca 1005) King Robert II of France (*27.3.972 +20.7.1031)”.¹⁸

; Per Med Lands:
     "BERTHE de Bourgogne ([964/965]-16 Jan after 1010). The Liber Modernorum Regum Francorum names "Berta filia Conradi regis Burgundiæ" as wife of "Odone comite Carnotensium"[184]. “Odo comes” restored “villam...Culturas” to Marmoutier, for the souls of “...domini Hugonis archiepiscopi, cujus ibi corpus...jacet”, by charter dated to [986], subscribed by “Berte comitissæ uxoris eius, majoris filii eius Teutboldi, filii eius Odonis adhuc in cunabulo”[185]. Richer records that King Robert married "Berta Odonis uxor"[186]. Rodulfus Glauber names "Odo natus ex filia Chuonradi regis Austrasiorum, Berta nomine"[187]. "Hugonis ducis, Odonis comitis, Hugonis sanctæ Bituricensis archipræsulis, Letgardis comitissæ, Bertæ comitissæ, Gauzfridi vicecomitis…" subscribed the charter dated 985 under which "Robertus" donated property to "Sancti Petri Carnotensis", on the advice of "Odonem, simul cum sua matre Ledgarde, pariterque dominam meam Bertam, ipsius æque coniugem"[188]. “Berta...regina cum filiis meis Tetbaldo...episcopo nec non Odoni comitis” donated tonlieu over boats at Blois to Marmoutier by undated charter[189]. Pope Gregory V called on King Robert to repudiate his wife in 998 on grounds of consanguinity. The request was repeated in 1001 by the court of Rome, Robert at first refused and the kingdom of France was excommunicated[190]. "Bertæ reginæ, Odonis comitis filii eius…" subscribed the charter dated 1004 under which "Gislebertus prepositus" recorded a donation[191]. The king, in reaction to the 1108 assassination of his favourite Hugues de Beauvais who had served Queen Berthe, visited Rome in 1008 in an unsuccessful attempt to divorce his third wife in order to take back Berthe[192]. "Odonis comitis, Ermengardis uxoris eius, Bertæ reginæ…" subscribed the charter dated after 1005 under which "comitem Odonem" donated property "in comitatu Dunensi…Boscus Medius" to "Sancti Petri"[193]. The necrology of Chartres cathedral records the death "XVII Kal Feb" of "Berta mater Odonis comitis"[194].
     "m firstly ([978/80]) EUDES I Comte de Blois, son of THIBAUT I "le Tricheur" Comte de Blois & his wife Luitgardis de Vermandois (-995).
     "m secondly ([late 996/early 997], divorced Sep 1001) as his second wife, ROBERT II King of France, son of HUGUES Capet King of France & his wife Adelais d’Aquitaine (Orléans ([27 Mar] 972-Château de Melun 20 Jul 1031, bur église de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis)."
Med Lands cites:

Reference: Genealogics cites:
1. Stammtafeln zur Geschichte der Europäischen Staaten, 4 volumes, Marburg, 1953, 1975., W. K. Prinz von Isenburg, Reference: II 42.
2. Biogr. details drawn from Wikipedia.⁶

; This is the same person as:
”Odo I, Count of Blois” at Wikipedia and as
”Eudes Ier de Blois” at Wikipédia (Fr.)^19,20

; Per Genealogics:
     “Eudes was born about 950, the son of Thibaut I 'the Deceiver', comte de Blois et Chartres, and Liutgarde/Ledgard de Vermandois. He received the title of Count Palatine, which was traditional in his family, from Lothar I, king of France. About 983 he married Bertha de Bourgogne, daughter of Conrad I, king of Bourgogne, and Mahaut de France. They had at least five children of whom Eudes II would have progeny.
     “Like his relations, the counts of Vermandois, Eudes remained faithful to the Carolingians against the Capetians. Following the war between his father and Odalric, archbishop of Reims, over the castle of Coucy, he received the castle to hold it from the archbishop.
     “In the wars of the 970s for control of Brittany, Eudes subjugated the county of Rennes, and Conon I 'le Tort', duc de Bretagne, affirmed the rights of his family in the region. Around 977 his father died and he succeeded in his counties.
     “In 988 Eudes assisted Charles, duc de Lorraine, in taking Laon. In 991 he abandoned the Lorrainers at Dreux and besieged Melun, belonging to Bouchard 'the Venerable', a vassal of Hugues Capet, king of France. Hugues assembled against him with Richard I, duke of Normandy, and Foulques III 'Nerra', comte d'Anjou, and he had to lift the siege.
     “About 995 Eudes entered into a war against Foulques III, who was already at war with Conon I of Brittany. Eudes allied with his brother-in-law Guillaume II-IV 'Fier a bras', duc d'Aquitaine, and Baudouin IV, Graaf van Vlaanderen. Even his old enemy Richard of Normandy joined in the war against Foulques. In the winter of 995-996 they besieged Langeais, but the arrival of the forces of the king forced their retreat. Eudes died on 12 March 996.”.⁶ Eudes/Odo I de Blois Cte de Blois, Chartres, Châteaudun, Tours, Beauvais, Dreux, et de Meaux, Seigneur de Chinon et de Saumur was also known as Odo I Count of Blois, Chartres, Tours, Châteaudun, Beauvaix, Meaux and Provins.¹ GAV-28 EDV-28 GKJ-28.

; Per Med Lands:
     "EUDES de Blois (-Châteaudun [12 Feb/4 Jul][59] 995, bur Tours, Abbaye de Saint-Martin, Marmoutier). "Odonis comitis filii Theobaldi comitis" subscribed the charter dated 950 under which Ragnfred Bishop of Chartres donated property to Chartres Saint-Père[60]. Rodulfus Glaber names "Odo…filius Tetbaldi Carnotensis cognomento fallacis", recording that he was "chief among the rebels…who rebelled against the king [Robert I] from positions that should have made them humble"[61]. Rodulfus Glauber names "Odonem" son of "Tetbaldus [et] sororem [Heribertum Trecorum comitem]"[62]. Ademar names "Odonis Campanensis" as brother of "Emma", mother of Guillaume Duke of Aquitaine[63]. Odalric Archbishop of Reims granted him Coucy after recovering it from Eudes's father[64]. He succeeded his father as EUDES I Comte de Blois, de Chartres, de Châteaudun, de Tours, de Beauvais et de Dreux. "Odo comes…" signed a charter dated Feb 977 of Chartres Saint-Père[65]. "Odoni comitis…" signed a charter dated Oct 977 relating to Bourgeuil[66]. "Ledgardis" donated property to "Sancti Petri Carnotensis ecclesiam", for the souls of "senioris mei…comitis Tedbaldi…patris mei Heirberti, Trecassini comitis", with the consent of "archipresule…Hugone et…comite Odone, filiis meis", by charter dated 5 Feb 978, signed by "…Emma comitissa Pictavæ urbis…"[67]. Seigneur de Chinon et de Saumur. A letter of Gerbert dated 983 records that "Heriberti Trecassini et Oddonis comitis filii Tedbaldi" were enemies of "Adelbero Remonis archiepiscopus"[68], while a letter dated to mid-985 records that "Ottonem, Heribertum" made peace with the archbishop[69]. “Odo comes” restored “villam...Culturas” to Marmoutier, for the souls of “...domini Hugonis archiepiscopi, cujus ibi corpus...jacet”, by charter dated to [986], subscribed by “Berte comitissæ uxoris eius, majoris filii eius Teutboldi, filii eius Odonis adhuc in cunabulo”[70]. A letter of Gerbert dated to [late 986/early 987] records that "O et Heribertus comites" were part of the council of Emma Queen of France[71]. It is assumed that "Oddonis/Ottonem/O" all refer to the same person. "Robert Vicomte de Blois" donated property to the abbey of Evron by charter dated 989 subscribed by "Odonis comitis, Rotberti filii eius, Tetbaldi filius eius, Odonis alterius filius, Hugonis vicecomitis Castridunensis, Raherii de Montigniaco"[72]. Rodolfus Glaber records his place of burial when stating that his son Eudes II was buried next to his father[73].
     "m ([978/80]) as her first husband, BERTHE of Burgundy, daughter of CONRAD I “le Pacifique” King of Burgundy [Welf] & his second wife Mathilde de France [Carolingian] ([964/965]-16 Jan after 1010). The Liber Modernorum Regum Francorum names "Berta filia Conradi regis Burgundiæ" wife of "Odone comite Carnotensium"[74]. Rodulfus Glauber names "Odo natus ex filia Chuonradi regis Austrasiorum, Berta nomine"[75]. "Hugonis ducis, Odonis comitis, Hugonis sanctæ Bituricensis archipræsulis, Letgardis comitissæ, Bertæ comitissæ, Gauzfridi vicecomitis…" subscribed the charter dated 985 under which "Robertus" donated property to "Sancti Petri Carnotensis", on the advice of "Odonem, simul cum sua matre Ledgarde, pariterque dominam meam Bertam, ipsius æque coniugem"[76]. “Odo comes” restored “villam...Culturas” to Marmoutier, for the souls of “...domini Hugonis archiepiscopi, cujus ibi corpus...jacet”, by charter dated to [986], subscribed by “Berte comitissæ uxoris eius, majoris filii eius Teutboldi, filii eius Odonis adhuc in cunabulo”[77]. A charter dated 996 records the confirmation by "comitissæ Berthæ" of the donation by "Odo comes" of property for the construction of the abbey of Bourgeuil, with the consent of "filiorum suorum Teobaldi…atque Odonis"[78]. She married secondly ([late 996/early 997], divorced [1003/05]) as his second wife, Robert II King of France. Richer records that King Robert married "Berta Odonis uxor"[79]. “Berta...regina cum filiis meis Tetbaldo...episcopo nec non Odoni comitis” donated tonlieu over boats at Blois to Marmoutier by undated charter[80]. "Bertæ reginæ, Odonis comitis filii eius…" subscribed the charter dated 1004 under which "Gislebertus prepositus" recorded a donation[81]. "Odonis comitis, Ermengardis uxoris eius, Bertæ reginæ…" subscribed the charter dated after 1005 under which "comitem Odonem" donated property "in comitatu Dunensi…Boscus Medius" to "Sancti Petri"[82]. The necrology of Chartres cathedral records the death "XVII Kal Feb" of "Berta mater Odonis comitis"[83]."
Med Lands cites:

; Per Genealogy.EU (Blois 1): “A3. Cte Eudes I de Blois, de Chartres, de Châteaudun, de Tours, de Beauvais et de Dreux, etc, *950, +12.3.995/996; m.ca 983 Bertha of Burgundy (*ca 967 +after 1016)”.²¹

; Per Racines et Histoire (Blois-Chartres): “Eudes 1er de Blois ° ~948/50 + entre 12/02 et 04/07/995 (Châteaudun) ou 12/03/995/96 (Marmoutier) comte de Blois (975), Chartres, Châteaudun, Tours, Beauvais et Dreux (975), de Meaux (~983), seigneur de Chinon et de Saumur, rebelle au Roi Robert 1er, investi de Coucy par l’Archevêque de Reims (cité dans une charte de l’Evêque Ragnfred de Chartres en 950)
     ép. ~983/86 Berthe de Bourgogne ° ~964/65 + un 16/01 après 1010 (1016 ?) (fille de Conrad 1er «Le Pacifique», Roi Welf de Bourgogne, et de Mathilde de France ; ép. 2) 997 (div. 1003/05) Robert II, Roi de France) (souscrit une charte de donation en 1004)”.¹⁵ He was Comte de Tours, Comte de Blois, de Châteaudun et de Chartres between 975 and 995.²⁰ He was Comte de Reims between 982 and 995.²⁰ He was Comte de Dreux between 991 and 995.²⁰

     Maude (?) married William de Colvile, son of Philip de Colvile.¹

     GAV-28.

     Charles (?) of Laon, duc de Basse-Lorraine married Bonna d'Ardennes, daughter of Godefroy "the Old" d'Ardennes Count of Verdun and d'Ardennes,
; NB: The Med Lands entry for Charles discusses the possibility of this second marriage. I have left it in for the moment. GA Vaut.^11,12,13 Charles (?) of Laon, duc de Basse-Lorraine was born in 953 at Laon, France (now).^1,5,6 He married Adela/Adelheid/d’Adélaïs (?) de Troyes, daughter of Robert I (?) de Vermandois, Comte de Meaux et Troyes and Adélaïde/Adelheid/Wera (?) de Bourgogne, Heiress of Troyes, in 970
; Genealogics says m. bef 979; Med Lands says m. 970.^14,15,5,6
Charles (?) of Laon, duc de Basse-Lorraine died between 22 June 993 and 994 at Orléans, Departement du Loiret, Centre, France (now); Med Lands ays d. in prison in Orléans 12 Jun 991.^1,5,6
Charles (?) of Laon, duc de Basse-Lorraine was buried circa 994 at Basiliek van Sint Servaas, Maastricht, Maastricht Municipality, Limburg, Netherlands; From Find A Grave:
     BIRTH     unknown, Laon, Departement de l'Aisne, Picardie, France
     DEATH     unknown, Orleans, Departement du Loiret, Centre, France
[Text copied from Wikipedia]
     Family Members
     Parents
          Louis IV 920–954
          Gerberga of Saxony 913–969
     Siblings
          Lothaire 941–986
          Mathilde de France 943–992
     Half Siblings
          Gerberge of Lorraine
          Alberade de Roucy 930–973
     Children
          Gerberga Van Neder Lotharingen Of Louvain unknown–1018
     BURIAL     Basiliek van Sint Servaas, Maastricht, Maastricht Municipality, Limburg, Netherlands
     Created by: relative
     Added: 20 Sep 2013
     Find a Grave Memorial 117393193.¹⁶
      ; Per Genealogics:
     "Charles was born in Laon in 953, the son of Louis IV, king of France, and Gerberga of Saxony, and younger brother of King Lothar I. He was a sixth generation descendant of Charlemagne.
     "About 975 Charles married Adela, of unknown parentage. They had a number of children of whom two daughters, Gerbera and Ermengarde, would have progeny, and three sons who did not. He may have married a second time, to Bonne, daughter of Godfrey I, count of Verdun.
     "His father probably gave Charles royal powers in Burgundy, but Lothar took them back upon reaching his majority. In 977 Charles accused Lothar's wife Emma of Italy, daughter of Lothar II, king of Italy, of infidelity with Adalberon, bishop of Laon. The council of Sainte-Macre at Fismes (near Reims) exonerated the queen and the bishop, but Charles maintained his claim. He was driven from the kingdom, finding refuge at the court of his cousin Emperor Otto II. Otto promised to crown Charles as soon as his brother Lothar was out of the way, and in May 977 in Thionville, Otto appointed Charles duke of Lower Lorraine.
     "In August 978, Lothar I invaded Germany and captured the imperial capital of Aachen, but he failed to capture either Otto or Charles. In October Otto and Charles in turn invaded France, devastating the land around Reims, Soissons and Laon. In the latter city, the chief seat of the kings of France, Charles was crowned by Theodoric I, bishop of Metz. Lothar fled to Paris and was besieged there. However a relief army led by Hugues Capet forced Otto and Charles to lift the siege on 30 November. Lothar and Capet, the tables turned once more, chased the German king and his liege back to Aachen and retook Laon.
     "As Charles had been a vassal of his brother Lothar, his acts on behalf of Otto were considered treasonous and he was thereafter excluded from the throne. On Lothar's death in 986, the magnates elected his son Louis V, and on the latter's death in 987 they elected Hugues Capet. Thus the House of Capet came to the throne over the disgraced and ignored Charles. Charles' marriage to the lowborn daughter of a vassal of Hugues was championed by his opponents as a cardinal reason to deny him the throne.
     "In order to have a free hand towards France, Charles resigned his duchy to the regency of his eldest son Otto. Charles made war on Hugues, even taking Reims and Laon. However, on Maundy Thursday, 26 March 991, he was captured, through the perfidy of Bishop Adalberon, and with his young second son Louis he was imprisoned by Hugues in Orléans, where he died a short while later, in or before 993.
     "In 1666 the sepulchre of Charles was discovered in the Basilica of Saint-Servais in Maastricht. His skin appears to have been interred there only in 1001, but that is not the date of his death as some scholars assumed."⁵ GAV-27 EDV-27 GKJ-28.

; This is the same person as:
”Charles, Duke of Lower Lorraine” at Wikipedia and as
”Charles de Basse-Lotharingie” at Wikipédia (Fr.)^17,18

Reference: Genealogics cites:

; Per Med Lands:
     "CHARLES, son of LOUIS IV "d'Outremer" King of the Franks & his wife Gerberga of Germany (Laon summer 953-in prison Orléans 12 Jun 991, bur 1001 Maastricht, St Servatius). Twin with his brother Henri. Flodoard records the birth of twins to "Gerberga regina" in 953 "unus Karolus, alter Heinricus, sed Henricus mox post baptismum defunctus est"[184]. Flodoard records war between "Karolum regis filium fratrem" and "Godefridum atque Arnulfum, Lotharienses comites" in 975[185]. Banished from the Frankish court after accusing Queen Emma of adultery with Adalbero Bishop of Laon[186], he sought refuge at the court of Emperor Otto II who created him Duke of Lower Lotharingia in May 977 at Diedenhofen. The Gesta Episcoporum Cameracensium record that "Karolum ducem, regis Lotharii fratrem" had been granted Lotharingia by Emperor Otto[187]. During Emperor Otto's campaign against his brother King Lothaire, Duke Charles captured Laon in 978 and was proclaimed King of the Franks by Dietrich Bishop of Metz[188]. He claimed the French throne after the death of his brother in 986, and that of his nephew in 987. He captured Laon in [May] 988, and Reims in [Aug/Sep] 989, thanks to his nephew Arnoul Archbishop of Reims. He was captured at Laon 30 Mar 991 with his wife and children and taken to Senlis. Richer records that "Karolum…cum uxore Adelaide et filio Ludovico, et filiabus duabus, quarum altera Gerberga, altera Adelaidis dicebatur, necnon et Arnulfo nepote" were imprisoned[189]. From there, they were imprisoned by Hugues Capet King of France at Orléans, where he died[190]. "Otto…rex" donated property "Vvalbisci in comitatu Karoli comitis" to Quedlinburg by charter dated 6 Jan 992[191]. It is assumed that this refers to Charles ex-Duke of Lotharingia as no other Count Charles or Karl has been identified in Germany at the time. If this is correct, the charter demonstrates that Charles was still recognised with a title in Germany after his capture by the French, although this was "comes" rather than "dux". The necrology of Liège Saint-Lambert records the death "X Kal Jul" of "Karoli ducis"[192]. Sigebert records that "Karolus dux" died in 991 and that "Otto filius eius" succeeded in the duchy of Lotharingia[193].
     "m ([970]) ADELAIS de Troyes, daughter of [ROBERT Comte de Troyes & his wife Adelais [de Bourgogne]. The Historia Francorum Senonensis refers to the wife of "Karolus" as "filiam Herberti comitis Trecarum"[194]. Assuming the birth of the couple's eldest son in 970, this could not refer to Héribert, son of Robert, whose birth is dated to [950]. It is also unlikely to have been Héribert [II] Comte de Vermandois, father of Robert, who was not comte de Troyes. Settipani suggests[195] that the Historia must be in error and that her father was Robert Comte de Troyes. This would not be the only error in this source, as the Historia also refers to "Karolus, frater eius [=Hludovicus], filius Hlotharii regis" when recording his "succession" in 987[196]. The Chronico Richardi Pictavensis also names "Carolus uxore sua…filia Herberti Comitis Trecarum"[197], presumably based on the same source as the Historia. Her name is recorded by Richer, who states that "Karolum…cum uxore Adelaide et filio Ludovico, et filiabus duabus, quarum altera Gerberga, altera Adelaidis dicebatur, necnon et Arnulfo nepote" were imprisoned by Hugues "Capet" King of France[198]. Orderic Vitalis links the two sets of references by recording that Charles was imprisoned with his wife who was the daughter of Héribert Comte de Troyes[199]. An interesting twist to this apparently straight-forward explanation is provided by another passage in Richer which refers disparagingly to Charles's marriage to "uxorem de militari ordine sibi imparem"[200]. It is difficult to imagine this description being appropriate to the Vermandois/Carolingian origin of Charles's known wife. Ferdinand Lot therefore proposed that the text meant that Charles was married twice[201]. If such a second marriage did take place, it must have occurred at the height of the dispute between Charles and his brother King Lothar around [975]. At that time Charles was challenging his brother's authority to rule, and it is difficult to imagine that he would have weakened his own position by contracting an unequal marriage. On the basis of the primary sources so far consulted, it is felt that there is insufficient basis for concluding that Duke Charles married twice. The comment by Richer could presumably be explained by his personal dislike of the Vermandois family. "
Med Lands cites:

; Per Genealogy.EU (Carolin 1): “F2. Charles of Laon, Duke of Lower Lotharingia (976-991), *953, +22.6.991/4; 1m: ca 973 Agnes de Vermandois (?), dau.of Heribert de Vermandois (*ca 955 +983); 2m: by 979 Bonne Adelaide (*953)”.¹³

     Adela/Adelheid/d’Adélaïs (?) de Troyes married Charles (?) of Laon, duc de Basse-Lorraine, son of Louis IV "d'Outre-Mer" (?) King of West Franks, Holy Roman Emperor and Gerberga (?) von Sachsen, in 970
; Genealogics says m. bef 979; Med Lands says m. 970.^5,1,6,7
      ; Per Med Lands:
     "CHARLES, son of LOUIS IV "d'Outremer" King of the Franks & his wife Gerberga of Germany (Laon summer 953-in prison Orléans 12 Jun 991, bur 1001 Maastricht, St Servatius). Twin with his brother Henri. Flodoard records the birth of twins to "Gerberga regina" in 953 "unus Karolus, alter Heinricus, sed Henricus mox post baptismum defunctus est"[184]. Flodoard records war between "Karolum regis filium fratrem" and "Godefridum atque Arnulfum, Lotharienses comites" in 975[185]. Banished from the Frankish court after accusing Queen Emma of adultery with Adalbero Bishop of Laon[186], he sought refuge at the court of Emperor Otto II who created him Duke of Lower Lotharingia in May 977 at Diedenhofen. The Gesta Episcoporum Cameracensium record that "Karolum ducem, regis Lotharii fratrem" had been granted Lotharingia by Emperor Otto[187]. During Emperor Otto's campaign against his brother King Lothaire, Duke Charles captured Laon in 978 and was proclaimed King of the Franks by Dietrich Bishop of Metz[188]. He claimed the French throne after the death of his brother in 986, and that of his nephew in 987. He captured Laon in [May] 988, and Reims in [Aug/Sep] 989, thanks to his nephew Arnoul Archbishop of Reims. He was captured at Laon 30 Mar 991 with his wife and children and taken to Senlis. Richer records that "Karolum…cum uxore Adelaide et filio Ludovico, et filiabus duabus, quarum altera Gerberga, altera Adelaidis dicebatur, necnon et Arnulfo nepote" were imprisoned[189]. From there, they were imprisoned by Hugues Capet King of France at Orléans, where he died[190]. "Otto…rex" donated property "Vvalbisci in comitatu Karoli comitis" to Quedlinburg by charter dated 6 Jan 992[191]. It is assumed that this refers to Charles ex-Duke of Lotharingia as no other Count Charles or Karl has been identified in Germany at the time. If this is correct, the charter demonstrates that Charles was still recognised with a title in Germany after his capture by the French, although this was "comes" rather than "dux". The necrology of Liège Saint-Lambert records the death "X Kal Jul" of "Karoli ducis"[192]. Sigebert records that "Karolus dux" died in 991 and that "Otto filius eius" succeeded in the duchy of Lotharingia[193].
     "m ([970]) ADELAIS de Troyes, daughter of [ROBERT Comte de Troyes & his wife Adelais [de Bourgogne]. The Historia Francorum Senonensis refers to the wife of "Karolus" as "filiam Herberti comitis Trecarum"[194]. Assuming the birth of the couple's eldest son in 970, this could not refer to Héribert, son of Robert, whose birth is dated to [950]. It is also unlikely to have been Héribert [II] Comte de Vermandois, father of Robert, who was not comte de Troyes. Settipani suggests[195] that the Historia must be in error and that her father was Robert Comte de Troyes. This would not be the only error in this source, as the Historia also refers to "Karolus, frater eius [=Hludovicus], filius Hlotharii regis" when recording his "succession" in 987[196]. The Chronico Richardi Pictavensis also names "Carolus uxore sua…filia Herberti Comitis Trecarum"[197], presumably based on the same source as the Historia. Her name is recorded by Richer, who states that "Karolum…cum uxore Adelaide et filio Ludovico, et filiabus duabus, quarum altera Gerberga, altera Adelaidis dicebatur, necnon et Arnulfo nepote" were imprisoned by Hugues "Capet" King of France[198]. Orderic Vitalis links the two sets of references by recording that Charles was imprisoned with his wife who was the daughter of Héribert Comte de Troyes[199]. An interesting twist to this apparently straight-forward explanation is provided by another passage in Richer which refers disparagingly to Charles's marriage to "uxorem de militari ordine sibi imparem"[200]. It is difficult to imagine this description being appropriate to the Vermandois/Carolingian origin of Charles's known wife. Ferdinand Lot therefore proposed that the text meant that Charles was married twice[201]. If such a second marriage did take place, it must have occurred at the height of the dispute between Charles and his brother King Lothar around [975]. At that time Charles was challenging his brother's authority to rule, and it is difficult to imagine that he would have weakened his own position by contracting an unequal marriage. On the basis of the primary sources so far consulted, it is felt that there is insufficient basis for concluding that Duke Charles married twice. The comment by Richer could presumably be explained by his personal dislike of the Vermandois family. "
Med Lands cites:

; Per Genealogy.EU (Carolin 1): “F2. Charles of Laon, Duke of Lower Lotharingia (976-991), *953, +22.6.991/4; 1m: ca 973 Agnes de Vermandois (?), dau.of Heribert de Vermandois (*ca 955 +983); 2m: by 979 Bonne Adelaide (*953)”.⁸

; Charles _may_ have had two wives, but this is far from certain. The putative first wife's name is unknown. The evidence for her existence is just the discrepancy between two sources, as follows:

1. 'Historia Francorum Senonensis' (MGH SS IX, pp 364-369, a generally inaccurate work written many decades after these events, and in a passage where the names and relationships are badly confused, says (pp 367-8) "Eodem anno rebellavit contra Karolum Hugo dux Francorum, eo quod accepisset Karolus filiam Herberti comitis Trecarum" (In the same year [stated to be 982, apparently in error for 986/7] Hugo [Capet], duke of the Franks rebelled against Charles [erroneously said to have "succeeded" his "brother" Louis & to be "son" of Lothaire, whereas Lothaire and Charles were actually sons of Louis] because Charles would have married the daughter of Heribert, count of Troyes). Some historians have accepted that this marriage did take place, and the name Agnes used to be attached to the bride for no good reason. She was said to have been a daughter of Heribert the Elder, count palatine (died ca 980/4) by an unknown wife before (or after) his only recorded marriage, which was to Charles' own paternal grandmother, Eadgifu of Wessex. This is mere speculation, as is Christian Settipani's theory that the first wife of Charles might have been instead a daughter of Heribert's brother Robert - who at least was count of Troyes, by right of his wife Adelaide (Wera) of Chalon. Going by the chronology of 'Historia Francorum Senonensis', such a wife could even have been daughter of Robert's son Heribert the Younger, count of Troyes (died 995) by the unknown wife whom he married in the 970s, but this would make it impossible for Charles to have fathered the several children who were imprisoned with him and his (then) wife Adelaide as below, and in any case conjecture on this point may be unnecessary if the next source is to be believed as the whole story. On the other hand, if the above report is to be credited (and I think it is actually plausible) the interpreation should be that Hugo Capet was driven to action by the threat that Charles might put away his unfit wife Adelaide (see below) in order to marry a daughter, otherwise unknown, of Heribert the Younger, count of Troyes - and, if so, this was of course definitely prevented.

2. Richer, _Histoire de France (888–995)_, edited by Robert Latouche, 2 vols (Paris, 1930–1937, reprinted 1964) wrote that Charles was considered unworthy (by the archbishop of Rheims) of succeeding his brother on the throne due to his poor character and because (II p 160) "uxorem de militari ordine sibi imparem duxerit" (he had married beneath his rank to a woman of the vassal class). Later Richer named this wife and Charles' children (pp 222-224), "K[arolum] ergo cum uxore Adelaide et filio Ludovico et filiabus duabus, quarum altera Gerberga, altera Adelaidis dicebatur...carceri dedit" (Therefore [Hugo Capet] imprisoned Charles with his wife Adelaide and son Louis and two daughters, one Gerberga and the other named Adelaide). NB two other sons, Otto the eldest and Charles the youngest, and _possibly_ another daughter, were not with them.

Ferdinand Lot, in _Les derniers Carolingiens: Lothaire, Louis V, Charles de Lorraine, 954–991_ (Paris, 1891), tried to reconcile these statements by suggesting two marriages, on the ground that "de militari ordine" is not a description that could be applied to the daughter of a count of Troyes. Others, including Christian Settipani, have gone further in placing Charles' eldest son Otto as the offspring of a first marriage. However, this overlooks the obvious consideration that Otto would have been himself from a throne-worthy marriage and would have had some powerful close relatives to advocate his succession in place of his father, a possibility that is not adumbrated in any source.

The paternity of Ermengarde, wife of Adalbert I of Namur, is debated. Christian Settipani in _La préhistoire des Capétiens 481-987_ part 1 (Villeneuve d'Ascq, 1993) p 339 places her as daughter of Otto, and granddaughter of Charles, following a 12th-century continuation of 'Gesta abbatum Trudonensium', MGH SS X p 382, "Otto absque filio reliquit post se filiam Hermengardem Namursi comitissam" (Otto, lacking sons, left a daughter Ermengarde, countess of Namur). Others have preferred to identify this lady with Adelaide, the daughter of Charles - and so a sister of Otto - named above by Richer. If she was Charles' daughter, either she is supposed to have borne two names, or there was a third daughter, named Ermengarde, who was not incarcerated with him and the others. This is briefly discussed, giving further references, by Thierry Stasser in 'La descendance féminine du comte de Namur Albert I', _Annales de la Société archéologique de Namur_ 67 (1991) p 6.⁹

; Leo van de Pas cites: Gens Nostra Amsterdam , Reference: 1968 249.¹

.¹⁰ GAV-27 EDV-27 GKJ-28.

     Havoise (?) married Geoffroi (?) Vicomte de Porhoet, son of Eudon/Eon I (?) Vicomte de Porhoët et de Rennes and Anne/Emme (?) de Leon.^2,3,4,5,1

     GAV-23 EDV-23 GKJ-24.

Reference: Genealogics cites:

.²

     Geoffroi (?) Vicomte de Porhoet married Havoise (?)^7,8,2,3,9

Geoffroi (?) Vicomte de Porhoet died in 1141; Weis [AR7] line 39-26 says d. 1141; Rohan 1 page says d. 1142.^7,8,3
     Geoffroi (?) Vicomte de Porhoet lived at Porhoet, Brittany, France.⁸

Reference: Genealogics cites: GAV-23 EDV-23 GKJ-24.

     Eudon/Eon I (?) Vicomte de Porhoët et de Rennes married Anne/Emme (?) de Leon.^7,8,2,9,3,4
Eudon/Eon I (?) Vicomte de Porhoët et de Rennes was born before 1066.²
Eudon/Eon I (?) Vicomte de Porhoët et de Rennes died after 1092.^2,4
     Reference: Genealogics cites: Histoire et Genealogie des maisons de Rohan, Chabot, de Rohan-Chabot. , Georges Martin, Reference: I 226.³ GAV-24 EDV-24 GKJ-25.

; This is the same person as:
Odo I, Viscount of Porhoët at Wikipedia and as
Eudon Ier de Porhoët at Wikipédia (Fr.)^10,11

; Per Med Lands:
     "EUDES [I], son of JOSCELIN Vicomte [de Thro] & his wife --- (-after 1092). "Defuncto…Guethenoco…filius eius Goscelinus" donated property to the abbey of Redon, by charter dated [1066/82], witnessed by "filius eius Maenguis episcopus, et Rogerius et Eudo et alii filii eius"[308]. Vicomte de Porhoët. "Fredoricus vicecomes…Eudonis vicecomitis filii Goscellini…" witnessed the charter dated 14 Jul 1086 under which "Alanus Fergandus comes Britannie" confirmed the foundation of the priory of Saint-Florent sous Dol "in pago Redonensi"[309]. "Eudonus vicecomes" donated property to the abbey of Redon, for the soul of "coniunx…Anna" and with the consent of "filiis eius Goscelino primogenito", by charter dated 1092[310].
     "m ANNE, daughter of --- (-[1091/92]). "Eudonus vicecomes" donated property to the abbey of Redon, for the soul of "coniunx…Anna" and with the consent of "filiis eius Goscelino primogenito", by charter dated 1092[311]."
Med Lands cites:

; Per Genealogy.EU: "A1. Vcte Eudon=Eon I de Porhoët et de Rennes, living 1066/92; 1m: Emme de Leon (+ca 1092); 2m: NN; he had issue, by his 1m."² He was living between 1066 and 1092.^2,3

     Anne/Emme (?) de Leon married Eudon/Eon I (?) Vicomte de Porhoët et de Rennes, son of Josselin I (?) de Porhoët, Vicomte de Bretagne et de Rennes.^1,2,5,6,7,8

Anne/Emme (?) de Leon died circa 1092.⁵
      ; Per Med Lands:
     "EUDES [I], son of JOSCELIN Vicomte [de Thro] & his wife --- (-after 1092). "Defuncto…Guethenoco…filius eius Goscelinus" donated property to the abbey of Redon, by charter dated [1066/82], witnessed by "filius eius Maenguis episcopus, et Rogerius et Eudo et alii filii eius"[308]. Vicomte de Porhoët. "Fredoricus vicecomes…Eudonis vicecomitis filii Goscellini…" witnessed the charter dated 14 Jul 1086 under which "Alanus Fergandus comes Britannie" confirmed the foundation of the priory of Saint-Florent sous Dol "in pago Redonensi"[309]. "Eudonus vicecomes" donated property to the abbey of Redon, for the soul of "coniunx…Anna" and with the consent of "filiis eius Goscelino primogenito", by charter dated 1092[310].
     "m ANNE, daughter of --- (-[1091/92]). "Eudonus vicecomes" donated property to the abbey of Redon, for the soul of "coniunx…Anna" and with the consent of "filiis eius Goscelino primogenito", by charter dated 1092[311]."
Med Lands cites:

; Per Genealogy.EU: "A1. Vcte Eudon=Eon I de Porhoët et de Rennes, living 1066/92; 1m: Emme de Leon (+ca 1092); 2m: NN; he had issue, by his 1m."⁵ GAV-24 EDV-24 GKJ-25.

Reference: Genealogics cites: Histoire et Genealogie des maisons de Rohan, Chabot, de Rohan-Chabot. , Georges Martin, Reference: I 226.⁶

     Alain I La Zouche married Alix de Beaumez, daughter of Philip de Belmeis Lord of Tong and Donington, Shropshire, and Ashby, Leicestershire and Maud/Matilda Le Meschin.^6,7,1,2,4,8
Alain I La Zouche was born circa 1115.⁴
Alain I La Zouche died in 1190.^7,2,4
     Reference: Genealogics cites:
     1. Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists who came to America bef.1700, 7th Edition, 1992, Weis, Frederick Lewis. 43
     2. Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag, Marburg, Schwennicke, Detlev (Ed.) 10:13
     3. The Complete Peerage, 1936 , Doubleday, H.A. & Lord Howard de Walden. XII/2 930.^6,4 Alain I La Zouche was also known as Alan Ceoche of La Coche.⁴

;
     Per Burke's: "Alan CEOCHE/LA COCHE/LA ZOUCHE; mentioned in connection with his er bro's grant (see above); also witnessed the latter's grant of a charter founding Lantenac Abbey; had established himself in England by 1172, where he seems to have held land in Devon and Northants, if not elsewhere, being referred to in the Devon instance as Alan la Zouche; m Alice, dau and eventual heir of Philip de Belmeis, of Tong, Salop, and Ashby, Leics, among other places, and d 1190"

Per Genealogics: "Alan, the first of the family to be established in England, was a younger son of Geoffroi, vicomte de Porhoët in Brittany; his elder brother Vicomte Eudon II de Porhoët was for a few years count of Brittany, but with a disputed title, and his uncle, also named Alan, was founder of the viscounty of Rohan. Under King Henry II, Alan Ceoche of La Coche established himself in England, and married Alix de Beaumez, daughter of Philippe de Beaumez and Mahaut Le Meschin. As the sole heiress of the house of Beaumez, her inheritance included Tong Castle in Shropshire, Ashby (afterwards called Ashby-de-la-Zouch) in Leicestershire, North Molton in Devonshire, and other lands in Cambridgeshire and elsewhere. As her husband, Alan became an important figure at Henry II's court. Their sons William and Roger succeeded in turn to these estates, though only Roger is recorded with progeny."^1,4 GAV-22 EDV-22 GKJ-23. Alain I La Zouche was also known as Alan Ceoche of North Molton, Devon.⁷ Alain I La Zouche was also known as Alan La Coche of Molton, co. Devon.⁷ Alain I La Zouche was also known as Alain I de la Ceoche.² Alain I La Zouche was also known as Alain I de la Zouche.²

Alain I La Zouche immigrated before 1172 to England.²

     Alix de Beaumez married Alain I La Zouche, son of Geoffroi (?) Vicomte de Porhoet and Havoise (?).^6,3,4,1,7,2

     Reference: Genealogics cites:
     1. Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists who came to America bef.1700, 7th Edition, 1992, Weis, Frederick Lewis. 43
     2. Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag, Marburg, Schwennicke, Detlev (Ed.) 10:13.² GAV-22 EDV-22 GKJ-23. Alix de Beaumez was also known as Alice de Belmeis.⁸

     Philip de Belmeis Lord of Tong and Donington, Shropshire, and Ashby, Leicestershire married Maud/Matilda Le Meschin, daughter of William de Meschines Lord of Skipton-in-Craven, co. York and Cecily de Rumilly Lady of Skipton,
;
Her 1st husband.^3,4,5 Philip de Belmeis Lord of Tong and Donington, Shropshire, and Ashby, Leicestershire was born before 1127.¹
Philip de Belmeis Lord of Tong and Donington, Shropshire, and Ashby, Leicestershire died between 1145 and 1154; Boyer [2001:23] says d. bef 1154; Med Lands says d. aft May 1145.^1,2
      ; Per Med Lands:
     "PHILIP de Belmeis of Tong, Shropshire (-after May 1145). "Philippus de Belmeis…et Matilda uxor mea" donated "terram quæ fuit Selferi de Rochelai" to Buildwas abbey by charter dated to [1138/39], signed by "Philippi de Belmeis, Matildæ uxoris eius, Philippi filii eius, R. filii eius", and witnessed by "Robertus de Belmes…"[757]. “Philippus de Belmeis” founding Lilleshall Abbey, Shropshire by undated charter, witnessed by “Philippus filius Philippi de Belmis…domina Matilda filia Willielmi Meschin uxor prædicti Philippi de Belmis…”[758].
     "m as her first husband, MATILDA de Rumilly, daughter of WILLIAM FitzRanulf Meschin, of Skipton-in-Craven & his wife Cecily de Rumilly (-after 1189[759]). "Philippus de Belmeis…et Matilda uxor mea" donated "terram quæ fuit Selferi de Rochelai" to Buildwas abbey by charter dated to [1138/39], signed by "Philippi de Belmeis, Matildæ uxoris eius, Philippi filii eius, R. filii eius", and witnessed by "Robertus de Belmes…"[760]. “Philippus de Belmeis” founding Lilleshall Abbey, Shropshire by undated charter, witnessed by “Philippus filius Philippi de Belmis…domina Matilda filia Willielmi Meschin uxor prædicti Philippi de Belmis…”[761]. She married secondly ([1150]) Hugh [II] de Mortimer. The Complete Peerage explains the the documents which confirm her parentage and second marriage[762]: including (1) pleadings in a suit concerning land at Kimbolton, Hampshire, and in a suit dated Jan 1282 in the Chester County Court, which both name Roger de Mortimer as son and heir of "Maud la Meschine"[763]; (2) Roger Mortimer’s grant of rents in Bisley given to him by "his brothers Philip and Ranulph de Belmeis"[764]; (3) the undated charter under which “Philippus de Belmeis” founding Lilleshall Abbey, Shropshire (quoted above)[765]. A manuscript narrating the foundation of Wigmore Abbey records that she was “Matildem Longespey, filiam Willielmi Longespey, ducis Normanniæ”[766] but this is confused and cannot possibly be correct."
Med Lands cites: GAV-23 EDV-23.

     Maud/Matilda Le Meschin married Philip de Belmeis Lord of Tong and Donington, Shropshire, and Ashby, Leicestershire, son of Walter de Belmeis,
;
Her 1st husband.^4,5,3 Maud/Matilda Le Meschin was born circa 1138 at Wigmore, Herefordshire Unitary Authority, Herefordshire, England.⁶ She married Hugh II de Mortimer Lord Mortimer of Wigmore, son of Ralph de Mortimer Lord of Wigmore and Mabel (?), in 1150
;
Her 2nd husband.^7,8,3
Maud/Matilda Le Meschin was buried circa 1199 at Wigmore Abbey, Wigmore, Herefordshire Unitary Authority, Herefordshire, England; From Find A Grave:
     BIRTH     unknown
     DEATH     19 Aug 1214, Wigmore, Herefordshire Unitary Authority, Herefordshire, England
     Maud was the daughter and coheir of William le Meschin. Maud inherited the manor of Molland, Devonshire, held by her maternal grandfather, Robert de Rumilly. She first married Phillip de Belmeis, and she was the mother of Alice Belmeis. Maud married her second husband, Hugh de Mortimer, lord of Wigmore, Herefordshire and their son was Roger Mortimer of Wigmore.
     Family Members
     Parents
          Cecily de Rumigny le Meschin unknown–1155
     Spouse
          Hugh Mortimer 1117–1180
     Children
          Roger Mortimer 1158–1214
     BURIAL     Wigmore Abbey, Wigmore, Herefordshire Unitary Authority, Herefordshire, England
     Maintained by: A.D.L
     Originally Created by: L. C. B.
     Added: 22 Aug 2010
     Find a Grave Memorial 57484168.⁹
Maud/Matilda Le Meschin died circa 1199; Per Boyer [2001:167-8]: "living in the reign of Richard I (1189-1199)"; Med Lands says d. aft 1189.^10,3
     Maud/Matilda Le Meschin was also known as Matilda de Rumilly.³ GAV-23.

; Per Med Lands:
     "MATILDA de Rumilly (-after 1189[423]). “Philippus de Belmeis” founded Lilleshall Abbey, Shropshire by undated charter, witnessed by “Philippus filius Philippi de Belmis…domina Matilda filia Willielmi Meschin uxor prædicti Philippi de Belmis…”[424]. The Complete Peerage explains the the documents which confirm her parentage and second marriage[425]: including (1) pleadings in a suit concerning land at Kimbolton, Hampshire, and in a suit dated Jan 1282 in the Chester County Court, which both name Roger de Mortimer as son and heir of "Maud la Meschine"[426]; (2) Roger Mortimer’s grant of rents in Bisley given to him by "his brothers Philip and Ranulph de Belmeis"[427]; (3) the charter of Philip de Belmeis, her first husband, quoted above.
     "m firstly PHILIP de Belmeis of Tong, Shropshire, son of [428]WALTER de Belmeis & his wife --- (-after May 1145).
     "m secondly ([1150]) HUGH [II] de Mortimer, son of RALPH [I] de Mortimer & his [second/third wife Mabel ---/---] (-Cleobury [26 Feb] [1180/81], bur Wigmore)."
Med Lands cites:

; Per Racines et Histoire: "? Hugues 1er de Mortimer ° ~1108 + 1189 baron de Wigmore, châtelain de Cleobury, Wigmore et Brugges (= Bridgenorth) finit chanoine à l’abbaye de Wigmore
     ép. Mathilde de Briquessart (alias Maud de Meschines) ° 1126/44 (Harringworth) + après 1190 (fille de Guillaume de Briquessart, dit de Meschines, et de Cécile de Romilly ; veuve de ?) tige de la branche anglaise des Mortimer.¹¹ "