Person Page - 534

     Eudo/Eudes/Eudon/Eon II (?) vicomte de Porhoët, Duc de Bretagne was born circa 1110.⁸ He married Bertha de Cornouailles Duchess of Brittany, daughter of Conan III le Gros (?) Duc de Bretagne and Matilda (Maud) FitzRoy (?) Duchess of Brittany, between 1147 and 1148
;
Her 2nd husband; his 1st wife.^{2,3,11,12,8,9} Eudo/Eudes/Eudon/Eon II (?) vicomte de Porhoët, Duc de Bretagne married Jeanne/Aliénor de Léon, daughter of Guyomarch IV l'insensé de Léon Vicomte de Léon and Nobilis de Penthièvre, in August 1167
;
His 2nd wife.^4,9,13
Eudo/Eudes/Eudon/Eon II (?) vicomte de Porhoët, Duc de Bretagne died circa 1185; Ravilious email [2005] days d. ca 1185; Genealogics says d. aft 1173; Med Lands says d. aft 1180.^4,8,9
     ; Per Genealogy.EU: "D2. Berthe, heiress of Brittany, +1158/64; 1m: 1135 Earl Alain of Richmond (+1146); 2m: 1147 Vcte Eudes II de Porhoët, Duc de Bretagne (+1170.)¹⁴"
; Per Med Lands:
     "BERTHE de Bretagne (-[1158/64]). The Chronicon Britannico Alter records the death in 1148 of "Conanus Dux Britanniæ" and records that he had disinherited "Hoellus…suum…filium" and that he appointed as his successor "Eudone Vicecomite Porhoëtensi" who had married "sororem eius Bertam"[233]. Her first marriage is suggested by the Chronicon Kemperlegiensis which records the death in 1146 of "Alanus Niger, Conani Ducis gener"[234]. The undated record of an enquiry relating to the property rights of Henri d´Avaugour states that "le comte Estienne" had three children “Geffroi, Alain et Henri aieul de cest Henri ci-dessus”, adding that Alain was sent to England, was “comte de Richemont”, and on his return married “la fille de Conan comte de Rennes”[235].
     "m firstly ([1137]) ALAIN "le Noir" de Penthièvre, Lord of Richmond, son of ETIENNE de Bretagne Lord of Richmond & his wife Havise de Guingamp (before 1100-in Brittany 15 Sep 1146, bur Bégard).
     "m secondly (1148 or before) as his first wife, EUDES Vicomte de Porhoët, son of GEOFFROY Vicomte de Porhoët & his wife Hawise --- (-after 1180). He succeeded in 1148 as EUDES Duke of Brittany, by right of his wife. Deposed by his stepson in 1156, he was taken prisoner by Raoul de Fougères."
Med Lands cites:

; Per Wikipédia (Fr.):
     "Eudon II de Porhoët, également appelé Éon ou Eudes de Porhoët, est né au début du xiie siècle et est mort vers 11801. Il est le fils de Geoffroi, vicomte de Porhoët, et de son épouse Hadvise. L'ancienne vicomté du Porhoët est situé au centre de la Bretagne dans la région de Pontivy-Josselin-Ploërmel et de La Trinité-Porhoët.
Vicomte de Porhoët
     "Eudon 2, succède à son père Geoffroi de Porhoët (Gaufredus vicecomes filius Eudonis) vers 1130 lorsque ce dernier prend l'habit monastique et donne aux moines de Saint-Martin de Josselin sa part de dîmes de la paroisse de Guillac3. Il avait un frère cadet Étienne qui se nomme lui-même « Stephanus de Castro Gosceline ». Vers 1147, il épouse Berthe de Bretagne veuve d'Alain le Noir Comte de Richmond.
Comte de Bretagne
     "Second époux de sa fille Berthe et donc gendre du duc de Bretagne Conan III qui a déshérité son fils unique Hoël, il reçoit de celui-ci le tutorat de son petit-fils, Conan IV.
     "Un conflit de plusieurs années l'oppose à partir de 1148/1149 à Hoël III de Bretagne, qui, vaincu le 16 décembre 1154 près de Rezé, doit se cantonner dans le comté de Nantes qu'il contrôlait. Pendant six années Eudon, maître du Porhoët une des plus vastes seigneuries de Bretagne qui a reçu de Conan III, à titre viager, des domaines dans le Vannetais et en Cornouaille, administre aussi les biens laissés par Alain le Noir et étend l'autorité ducale jusque dans le nord de la péninsule4. Il ne veut pas restituer le trône ducal à Conan son titulaire désigné qui est devenu majeur ce qui rend un conflit inévitable.
     "En 1154, Conan IV s'allie à son oncle Hoël, mais il est battu par son tuteur, le jeune duc doit se réfugier en Angleterre auprès d'Henri II qui lui confirme la possession de l'Honneur de Richmond qu'il a hérité de son père. Cet honneur consistait en un ensemble de terres et de revenus dans le Yorkshire. Conan reçoit aussi une aide militaire anglaise qui lui permet de revenir en Bretagne et de rallier plusieurs féodaux et d'enlever à son adversaire ses principales positions. Après avoir été brièvement prisonnier Eudon renonce à la lutte et se réfugie hors de Bretagne et se met au service de Louis VII de France.
     "Conan IV est proclamé duc en 1156, mais cette même année, les Nantais chassent son oncle Hoël et choisissent pour comte le frère cadet d'Henri II, Geoffroy Plantagenêt, déjà comte du Maine et d'Anjou depuis 1156. Le comté de Nantes sort du duché. À la mort de Geoffroy, en 1158, Conan IV croit pouvoir reprendre le Nantais, mais doit se soumettre à Henri II et le lui restituer.
Révoltes
     "L'occupation par Henri II d'Angleterre du donjon de Dol-de-Bretagne après la mort de Jean II de Dol, seigneur de Combourg, en 1162, est l'occasion, en 1163, d'une vaste révolte féodale menée par Raoul II de Fougères, Eudon de Porhoët revenu en Bretagne, Henri Ier d'Avaugour et Hervé II de Léon. Les barons commencent les hostilités au début de l'année 1164 et, malgré la prise de Combourg par Richard du Hommet, connétable de Normandie, pour le compte d'Henri II, ils lui interdisent de progresser en Bretagne. Henri II arrive alors sur le continent. Raoul II de Fougères, vaincu, voit le donjon de son château rasé en 11665. Conan IV abdique la même année et Henri II est reconnu gardien du duché par les barons, en attendant que son fils Geoffroy II Plantagenêt, fiancé à Constance de Bretagne, la fille de Conan IV, atteigne la majorité.
     "Au mois d'août 1167, après avoir négocié une trêve avec le roi de France, Henri II d'Angleterre attaque Guyomarch IV de Léon, devenu le nouveau beau-père d'Eudon. La campagne est rapide et brutale, et Guyomarch IV de Léon se soumet. Eudon cesse aussi le combat et donne Alix de Porhoët, une fille née de la duchesse Berthe de Bretagne, comme otage au roi anglais6.
     "Eudon, qui conservait sans doute à titre viager l'autorité sur des domaines situés dans le comté de Vannes et en Cornouaille, s'allie au seigneur de Dinan Roland et à plusieurs autres féodaux du centre de la Bretagne pour reprendre la lutte. Dans les premiers mois de 1168, Henri II mène une grande chevauchée et s'attaque au domaine patrimonial d'Eudon. Le château de Josselin est pris et détruit, avant qu'il ne s'empare de Vannes et du château d'Auray, et qu’il lui enlève également la moitié de Cornouaille qu'il contrôlait7. Il se retourne ensuite contre Roland de Dinan-Bécherel, ravage les bords de la Rance, assiège le château de Léhon, investit Hédé, détruit celui de Tinténiac, et de là, il s'empare de Bécherel, le château le plus puissant de Roland8.
     "Le 6 janvier 1169, Henri le Jeune, fils aîné d'Henri II, prête serment au roi de France pour l'Anjou et la Bretagne. Quant à Geoffroy, sur l'ordre de son père, il prête serment à son frère aîné pour la Bretagne. Il vient alors en Bretagne et reçoit la soumission des barons en présence des évêques de Rennes et de Saint-Malo. En 1171, après la mort de Conan IV, Henri II intègre la totalité de la Bretagne, le comté d'Ipswich et l'Honneur de Richmond dans son domaine9. Henri II pénètre une nouvelle fois en Bretagne. Eudon de Porhoët, qui tente de résister, est battu par les mercenaires brabançons du roi d'Angleterre, sa cité de Josselin est de nouveau brûlée, et Combourg et Dol-de-Bretagne prises. Eudon de Porhoët est une nouvelle fois chassé de Bretagne10.
     "En 1173, une nouvelle révolte éclate, menée par Raoul II de Fougères. Eudon s'y associe, prend la cité ducale de Ploërmel et recouvre son patrimoine du Broërec et de Cornouaille11. Réfugié de nouveau en France après la prise de Dol par Henri II en août 1173 et la soumission de Raoul II de Fougères, il met à profit la révolte de 1173-1174 d'Henri le Jeune contre son père pour revenir en Bretagne et reprendre ses domaines. En 1175, Geoffroy II de Bretagne entreprend de soumettre le duché à son autorité et Eudon fut sans doute encore privé de son apanage, mais il disparaît des sources à cette époque12.
Fondations religieuses
     "Eudon de Porhoët est comme ses contemporains un bienfaiteur de l'Église. Il est à l'origine de la fondation de l'Abbaye Notre-Dame de Lanthénac dans le diocèse de Saint-Brieuc en 115013
Unions et postérité
     "De son union en 1147 avec Berthe de Bretagne († vers 1158/1164), fille de Conan III de Bretagne seraient nés 14:
     "Eudon et sa seconde épouse Jeanne/Aliénor (?) fille d'Hervé II de Léon15 ou de son fils Guyomarch IV de Léon16 ont quatre enfants:
Articles connexes
** Hoël III de Bretagne: https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ho%C3%ABl_III_de_Bretagne
** Conan IV de Bretagne: https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conan_IV_de_Bretagne
Notes et références
1. Frédéric Morvan Les Chevaliers bretons. Entre Plantagenets et Capétiens du milieu du xiie au milieu du xiiie siècle COOP Breizh 2014, (ISBN 9782843466700). « Généalogie des Porhoët » p. 282
2. en 1130 il apparaît sous le nom de « Eudone filio Goffredi »
3. Louis Rosenzweig Cartulaire du Morbihan Librairie Lafolye, Vannes 1895, acte no 193 p. 136
4. André Chédeville & Noël-Yves Tonnerre La Bretagne féodale xie?–?xiiie siècle. Ouest-France Université Rennes (1987) (ISBN 9782737300141) p. 85
5. André Chédeville & Noël-Yves Tonnerre op.cit p. 88
6. Stéphane Morin Trégor, Goëlo, Penthièvre. Le pouvoir des Comtes de Bretagne du xie au xiiie siècle Presses Universitaires de Rennes & Société d'émulation des Côtes-d'Armor. Rennes 2010 (ISBN 9782753510128) p. 141
7. Stéphane Morin op.cit p. 142
8. André Chédeville & Noël-Yves Tonnerre op.cit p. 89
9. Stéphane Morin op.cit p. 142-143
10. André Chédeville & Noël-Yves Tonnerre op.cit p. 91
11. Stéphane Morin op.cit p. 147
12. Arthur de La Borderie Histoire de Bretagne: Tome troisième. Réédition Joseph Floch Imprimeur Éditeur à Mayenne (1975), « Eudon de Porhoët et Conan IV ducs de Bretagne» p. 279.
13. Les Abbayes Bretonnes, ouvrage collectif publié par la Biennale des Abbayes Bretonnes B.A.B & Fayard (ISBN 9782213013138) p. 246
14. Frédéric Morvan Les Chevaliers bretons. Entre Plantagenets et Capétiens du milieu du xiie au milieu du xiiie siècle éditions Coop Breizh, Spézet 2014 (ISBN 9782843466700) « Généalogie des Porhoët » p. 282
15. André Chédeville & Noël-Yves Tonnerre La Bretagne féodale xie?–?xiiie siècle. Ouest-France Université Rennes (1987) (ISBN 9782737300141) p. 164
16. Patrick Kernévez, André-Yves Bourgès Généalogie des vicomtes de Léon (xie, xiie et xiiie siècles). Bulletin de la Société archéologique du Finistère, t. CXXXVI, 2007
Source partielle
** André Chédeville et Noël-Yves Tonnerre La Bretagne féodale xie?–?xiiie siècle. Ouest-France Université Rennes (1987) (ISBN 2737300142).
** Étienne Gasche, Petite histoire des Rois et Ducs de Bretagne, éditions Yoran Embanner, 2006, (ISBN 2-9521446-7-2)
** Arthur Le Moyne de La Borderie, Histoire de Bretagne, t. 3 : 995-1364, Rennes / Paris, J. Plihon et L. Hommay / Alphonse Picard, 1906 (lire en ligne [archive]). Réédition : Mayenne, Joseph Floch, 1975, « Eudon de Porhoët et Conan IV ducs de Bretagne» p. 269-273.
** Frédéric Morvan Les Chevaliers bretons. Entre Plantagenets et Capétiens du milieu du xiie au milieu du xiiie siècle COOP Breizh 2014, (ISBN 9782843466700)."


Per Wikipedia:
     "Odo II, Count of Porhoet (died after 1180) was the son of Geoffroy, Viscount de Porhoët, and his wife Hawise (possibly Fergant). He became Duke of Brittany in 1148 upon his marriage to Bertha, Duchess of Brittany.[1]
     "On Bertha's death, Odo II denied her son Conan IV of Penthièvre, Duke of Brittany his inheritance.[2] While Odo II's marriage to Bertha was his first, it was her second marriage, her first being to Alain 'le Noir' de Penthièvre, Lord of Richmond (Alan, 1st Earl of Richmond).[1] Odo II allied with his brother-in-law, Hoèl, Count of Nantes. Odo II was deposed by his stepson Conan IV in 1156,[1] and taken prisoner by Conan IV's ally Raoul de Fougères.
     "He married secondly, in 1167, to Alienor of Leon, daughter of Guihomar IV, Viscount of Léon and his wife Nobilis.[3]
     "Children: (with Bertha)
** Geoffrey de Porhoët.
** Adelaide de Porhoët. (died in 1220). Abbess of Fontevrault, mistress of Henry II, King of England.[4][5]
** Alix de Porhoët. at an unknown age
     "Children: (with Alienor of Léon)
** Harvey of Porhoët
** Odo III of Porhoët (died 1231). He was married, but the name of his wife is not known.
     "Possible child (with Joan/Eleanor)
** Eleanor, wife of Conan of Penthièvre, de La Roche-Derrien, son of Henry of Penthièvre, Count of Tréguier and Guingamp, and Mathilde de Vendôme.
Notes
a. Everard states Eudo and Bertha had only one daughter, Adelaide.[5]
References
1. Warren 1977, p. 75.
2. Jankulak 2000, p. 172.
3. Morvan 2009, p. table 24.
4. Vincent 2007, p. 331.
5. Everard 2004, p. 46.
Sources
** Everard, J. A. (2004). Brittany and the Angevins: Province and Empire 1158–1203. Cambridge University Press.
** Jankulak, Karen (2000). The Medieval Cult of St Petroc. The Boydell Press.
** Morvan, Frederic (2009). La Chevalerie bretonne et la formation de l'armee ducale, 1260-1341 (in French). Presses Universitaires de Rennes.
** Vincent, Nicholas (2007). "The Court of Henry II". In Harper-Bill, Christopher; Vincent, Nicholas (eds.) Henry II: New Interpretations. The Boydell Press.
** Warren, W. L. (1977). Henry II. University of California Press."^5,15

; Per Med Lands:
     "EUDES [II] de Porhoët, son of GEOFFROY Vicomte de Porhoët & his wife Hawise --- (-after 1180). "Gaufredus vicecomes, Eudo filius eius…" witnessed a charter dated 15 Jun 1130 under which Donald Bishop of Saint-Malo confirmed a donation to the monks of Saint-Martin de Josselin[336]. Comte de Porhoët. He succeeded in 1148 as EUDES Duke of Brittany, by right of his first wife. "Eudo comes" founded the abbey of Notre-Dame de Lantenac by charter dated 1149, witnessed by "Josthos et Alanus fratres comitis, Alanus vicecomes de Monteforti…"[337]. "Eudo comes" confirmed a donation to Saint-Martin de Josselin, with the consent of "fratrum meorum…Joscii vicecomitis et Alani Ceoche", by charter dated 1153[338]. "Eudo comes" donated property previously donated by "dominus Gaufridus pater meus" to the priory of Josselin on the advice of "fratrum meorum Joscii vicecomitis et Alani Ceoche" by charter dated 1153[339]. Deposed by his stepson in 1156, he was taken prisoner by Raoul de Fougères. The date of his death is indicated by a charter dated 1213 under which [her grandson] "Willelmus dominus Montiforten" confirmed donations to Montfort made by "antecessoribus meis...domino Gaufrido de Monteforti...W. avi mei", quoting a charter dated 1180 under which “Gaufridus dominus Montifortis sequens vestigial patris mei Willelmi” donated property with the consent of “uxore mea et filiis meis Rad. Will et Rolando...Eudone comite avunculo meo [identified as Eudes Comte de Porhoët, Duke of Brittany, her brother]...Oliverio patruo meo”[340].
     "m firstly (1148 or before) as her second husband, BERTHE de Bretagne, widow of ALAIN "le Noir" de Penthièvre, Lord of Richmond, daughter of CONAN III Duke of Brittany & his wife Matilda, illegitimate daughter of Henry I King of England (-1162/67). The Chronicon Britannico Alter records the death in 1148 of "Conanus Dux Britanniæ" and records that he had disinherited "Hoellus…suum…filium" and that he appointed as his successor "Eudone Vicecomite Porhoëtensi" who had married "sororem eius Be[rtam"[341]. The primary source which confirms her first marriage has not yet been identified.
     "m secondly (Aug 1167) --- de Léon, daughter of GUYOMAR [III] Vicomte de Léon & his wife Nobilis ---. Robert of Torigny records the marriage in 1167 of "comes Eudes" and "Guihunmanus filius Hervei vicecomes Leonensis…filiam" but does not name her[342].
     "Eudes [II] & his first wife had three children:
     "Eudes & his second wife had [three] children:
Med Lands cites:

Reference: Genealogics cites:

; Per Genealogics:
     "Eudon II, also known as Eon or Eudes, was born at the beginning of the 12th century, the son of Geoffroi, vicomte de Porhoët, and his wife Havoise. The former county of Porhoët was located in the centre of Brittany in the region of Pontivy-Josselin-Ploërmel and la Trinité-Porhoët.
     "About 1148 Eudon became the second husband of Berthe de Bretagne, heiress of Brittany, widow of Alain II 'the Black', earl of Richmond, seigneur de Guingamp, and daughter of Conon III 'le Gros', duc de Bretagne, and Matilda, the illegitimate daughter of Henry I, king of England. Eudon and Berthe had a son Eudon III who would have progeny.
     "Eudon's father-in-law Duke Conon III bypassed his son Hoël VI on the grounds that his mother was illegitimate, and named as his heir his grandson, Berthe's son Conon IV from her first marriage, and named Eudon as the boy's guardian. Eudon became regent of Brittany from 1148, but would not then return the ducal crown to Conon IV. In 1154 Conon sided with his uncle Hoël, although Hoël had been ousted from the succession to Conon's advantage, but they were defeated by Eudon and Conon sought refuge in England with King Henry II. Henry confirmed Conon's possession of the Honour of Richmond (comprising land and income in Yorkshire) that he had inherited from his father.
     "Conon received military aid from the English which enabled him to return to Brittany and to rally many feudal supporters, but his position as vassal of the king of England led to a revolt by nobles of Brittany led by Eudon de Porhoët. Eudon was defeated and fled from Brittany.
     "Conon was proclaimed duke in 1156, but that same year the people of Nantes ejected his uncle Hoël and chose as their count the younger brother of King Henry II, Geoffrey VI Martel, already count of Anjou and Maine since 1156. The county of Nantes left the duchy. On the death of Geoffrey in 1158, Conon believed he could regain Nantes, but he had to return it to Henry II.
     "Eudon de Porhoët led a new revolt which had some success, but it gave Henry II a pretext to intervene in Brittany with an army that captured Josselin in 1168. Henry stripped Eudon of the county of Porhoët, then after a last revolt in 1173, he also took the county of Penthièvre from Eudon.
     "Conon IV was forced to abdicate in 1166, and Henry II was recognised as guardian of the duchy by the barons until his son Geoffrey, engaged to Constance de Bretagne, daughter of Conon IV, reached majority.
     "Eudon died after 1173. The king of England used his authority as duke of Normandy and Aquitaine, count of Brittany, of Maine, of Toulouse, of Touraine and Anjou, to exercise considerable power in France."⁸

; Per Burke's: "EON/EUDON, VISCOUNT de PORHOËT; acknowledged as DUKE OF BRITTANY in right of his wife 1148-56; granted a charter to the Abbey of Marmoutier 1153."⁶

; Per Genealogy.EU: "Cte Eudon=Eon II de Porhoët, Duc de Bretagne (1148-56), +after 1168; m.1147 Berthe de Cornouailles (+1158/64), heiress of Bretagne (which was inherited by her son by her 1m.)¹⁶" He was Duc de Bretagne (jure uxoris) between 1148 and 1156.² He was living between 1148 and 1156.⁶

     William de Belmeis married Bonenee (?)^3,2

William de Belmeis died in 1199; died without heirs.^1,3,2
      ; William de BELMEIS; undertook mily service in Normandy c 1194, held land in Sussex; confirmed a charter to Lilleshall Abbey, Salop; m Bonenée (d after her husb) and dsp 1199.³

     Philip Ceoche was also known as Philip La Coche.¹

     Constance Tuchet was born in 1443 at Heleigh, Staffordshire, England.² She married Sir Robert Whitney Knt., of Whitney, Herefordshire, son of Eustace Whitney Esq., of Whitney and Coleychard and Joan Trussell, circa 1464
; his 1st wife.^1,3,4,2
      ; van de Pas cites: 1. Burke's Presidential families of the United States of America, London, 1975., Reference: tree 13
2. Cahiers de Saint Louis , Dupont, Jacques and Saillot, Jacques, Reference: 997.² Constance Tuchet was also known as Constance Touchet.²

     Sir Robert Whitney Knt., of Whitney, Herefordshire married Elizabeth Vaughan.^8,3
Sir Robert Whitney Knt., of Whitney, Herefordshire married Constance Tuchet, daughter of Sir James Tuchet (Audley) 5th Lord Audley and Alianor/Eleanor Holand, circa 1464
; his 1st wife.^2,9,3,10
      ; van de Pas cites: 1. Burke's Presidential families of the United States of America, London, 1975., Reference: tree 13
2. The Bradley Family and Ancestry, 1997. , Bradley, Robert.³

Sir Robert Whitney Knt., of Whitney, Herefordshire lived at Whitney, Herefordshire, England.¹

     Fulk Wodhull Esq., of Warkworth, co. Northampton married Elizabeth Webb, daughter of John Webb Esq.,
; her 1st husband.² Fulk Wodhull Esq., of Warkworth, co. Northampton was born in 1459; Richardson says b. ca 1458.^5,2,3 He married Anne Newenham of Thenford, co. Northampton, daughter of William Newenham of Thenford, co. Northampton, circa June 1475
; his 1st wife.^1,2,3,9,4
Fulk Wodhull Esq., of Warkworth, co. Northampton died between 1508 and 1509.^5,2,3
      ; van de Pas cites: 1. Ancestors of American Presidents, 1995, Boston, Massachusetts , Roberts, Gary Boyd, Reference: 236
2. Lineage book of the descendants of the illegitimate sons and daughters of the kings of Great Britain., Reference: 2.³ He was Sheriff of Northamptonshire between 1500 and 1501 at Northamptonshire, England.⁵

     Anne Newenham of Thenford, co. Northampton married Fulk Wodhull Esq., of Warkworth, co. Northampton, son of John Wodhull Esq., of Warkworth, Northamptonshire and Joan Etwell of London, circa June 1475
; his 1st wife.^1,2,5,3,6
      ; van de Pas cites: Ancestors of American Presidents, 1995, Boston, Massachusetts , Roberts, Gary Boyd, Reference: 237.³

     Henry Tyler Jr. was born circa 1660 at York Co., Virginia, USA.¹ He married Elizabeth Chiles, daughter of Walter Chiles (II) and Susanna Brooks, circa 1683.^1,2

Henry Tyler Jr. died in 1729 at Williamsburg, James City Co., Virginia, USA.¹

     John Tyler married Elizabeth Jarrett.¹
John Tyler was born circa 1685 at York Co., Virginia, USA.¹
John Tyler died circa 1727 at Williamsburg, James City Co., Virginia, USA.¹

     Elizabeth Jarrett married John Tyler, son of Henry Tyler Jr. and Elizabeth Chiles.¹

     John Tyler Jr. married Anne Contesse.¹
John Tyler Jr. was born between 1710 and 1715 at Williamsburg, James City Co., Virginia, USA.¹
John Tyler Jr. died in 1773 at Williamsburg, James City Co., Virginia, USA.¹

     Anne Contesse married John Tyler Jr., son of John Tyler and Elizabeth Jarrett.¹

     Gov. John Tyler III was born on 28 February 1747 at Yarmouth, Virginia, USA.¹ He married Mary Marot Armistead, daughter of Robert Booth Armistead and Anne Shields, circa 1776.¹

Gov. John Tyler III died on 6 January 1813 at Greenway, Charles City Co., Virginia, USA, at age 65.¹
     He was Governor of Virginia.¹

     Mary Marot Armistead was born circa 1761 at York Co., Virginia, USA.⁴ She married Gov. John Tyler III, son of John Tyler Jr. and Anne Contesse, circa 1776.⁴

Mary Marot Armistead died on 5 April 1797 at Greenway, Charles City Co., Virginia, USA.⁴

     President John Tyler IV was born on 29 March 1790 at Greenway, Charles City Co., Virginia, USA.¹ He married Letitia Christian on 29 March 1813 at Cedar Grove, New Kent Co., Virginia, USA.¹
President John Tyler IV married Julia Gardiner on 26 June 1844 at New York, New York, USA.¹

President John Tyler IV died on 18 January 1862 at Richmond, Virginia, USA, at age 71.¹

     Letitia Christian was born on 12 November 1790 at Cedar Grove, New Kent Co., Virginia, USA.¹ She married President John Tyler IV, son of Gov. John Tyler III and Mary Marot Armistead, on 29 March 1813 at Cedar Grove, New Kent Co., Virginia, USA.¹

Letitia Christian died on 10 September 1842 at The White House, Washington, D. C., District of Columbia, USA, at age 51.¹

     Julia Gardiner was born on 4 May 1820 at Gardiner's Island, New York, USA.¹ She married President John Tyler IV, son of Gov. John Tyler III and Mary Marot Armistead, on 26 June 1844 at New York, New York, USA.¹

Julia Gardiner died on 10 July 1889 at Richmond, Virginia, USA, at age 69.¹

     Jane Rogers married Capt. Isham Randolph, son of Col. William Randolph and Mary Isham.¹

     Jane Randolph was born circa February 1720 at London, City of London, Greater London, England.² She married Peter Jefferson, son of Thomas Jefferson Jr. and Mary Field, circa October 1739 at Goochland Co., Virginia, USA.^1,2

Jane Randolph died on 31 March 1776 at Monticello, Albemarle Co., Virginia, USA.²

     Peter Jefferson was born on 29 February 1708 at Osborne's, Chesterfield Co., Virginia, USA.⁴ He married Jane Randolph, daughter of Capt. Isham Randolph and Jane Rogers, circa October 1739 at Goochland Co., Virginia, USA.^1,4

Peter Jefferson died on 17 August 1757 at Shadwell, Albemarle Co., Virginia, USA, at age 49.⁴

     Pres. Thomas Jefferson was born on 2 April 1743 at Shadwell, Albemarle Co., Virginia, USA.^1,3 He married Martha Wayles on 1 January 1772 at The Forest, Charles City Co., Virginia, USA.³

Pres. Thomas Jefferson died on 4 July 1826 at Monticello, Albemarle Co., Virginia, USA, at age 83.^1,3

     Martha Wayles was born on 19 October 1748 at Charles City Co., Virginia, USA.¹ She married Pres. Thomas Jefferson, son of Peter Jefferson and Jane Randolph, on 1 January 1772 at The Forest, Charles City Co., Virginia, USA.¹

Martha Wayles died on 6 September 1782 at Monticello, Albemarle Co., Virginia, USA, at age 33.¹

     Aethelbald (?) King of Wessex was born between 831 and 832; Genealogy.EU (Cerdic 1 page) says b. ca 834.^5,3 He married Judith (?) de France, daughter of Charles II "The Bald" (?) King of West Franks, King of Aquitaine, Holy Roman Emperor and ErmentrudeErmengardeHermintrudis (?) of Orleans, after 858.^{1,5,6,7,8,9,10}

Aethelbald (?) King of Wessex was buried in December 860 at Sherborne Abbey, England.^5,3
Aethelbald (?) King of Wessex died on 20 December 860.^1,5,3
Aethelbald (?) King of Wessex was buried after 20 December 860 at Sherborne Abbey, Sherborne, Dorsetshire, England; From Find A Grave:
     BIRTH     834
     DEATH     20 Dec 860 (aged 25–26)
     King of Wessex. Born the eldest son of Aethelwulf of Wessex. Father and son defeated the Danes at Aclea in 851. After the death of his mother, Ethelbald was left regent while Aethelwulf went on a pilgrimage to Rome. On his father's return in 856 Ethelbald apparently fell in love with his father's new bride, Judith, daughter of Charles the Bald of the Franks. Ethelbald then rebelled against his father and took the kingdom of Wessex, which he then ruled until his death. About 858 Aethelwulf died and Ethelbald married his widowed stepmother. The church was outraged and forced an annulment the grounds of consanguinity. Ethelbald died two years later. Bio by: Iola
     Family Members
     Parents
          Ethelwulf 806–858
     Spouse
          Judith de France 844–870
     Siblings
          Ethelbert, King of Kent 836–866
          Ethelred I of Wessex 844–871
          Alfred the Great 849–899
     BURIAL     Sherborne Abbey, Sherborne, West Dorset District, Dorset, England
     PLOT     Under the North Aisle
     Maintained by: Find A Grave
     Added: 10 Aug 1998
     Find A Grave Memorial 3379.¹¹
     ; Per Med Lands:
     "JUDITH ([844]-after 870). The Genealogica Arnulfi Comitis names (in order) "Iudith et Hildegardim, Hirmintrudim et Gislam" as the four daughters of "Karolus imperator…ex Hyrmentrudi regina", specifying that she married "Balduinus comes"[250]. The Annales Bertiniani record the betrothal in Jul 856 of "Iudith filiam Karli regis" and "Edilvulf rex occidentalium Anglorum" after the latter returned from Rome and their marriage "Kal Oct in Vermaria palatio", during which "Ingmaro Durocortori Remorum episcopo" set a queen's diadem on her head[251]. Her first husband placed her "by his own side on the regal throne", contrary to normal practice in the kingdom of Wessex[252]. The Annales Bertiniani record the marriage of "Iudit reginam" and "Adalboldus filius eius [=Edilvulf regis]" in 858 after the death of her first husband[253]. Asser records that when King Æthelwulf was dead, his son Æthelbald married Judith daughter of Charles king of the Franks "contrary to God's prohibition and the dignity of a Christian, contrary also to the custom of all the pagans…and drew down much infamy upon himself"[254]. The Annales Bertiniani record that Judith returned to her father after the death of her second husband, lived at Senlis "sub tuitione paterna", and from there was abducted by "Balduinum comitem" with the consent of her brother Louis, her father consenting to the marriage the following year[255]. Flodoard names "Balduini comitis et Iudita…Karoli regis filia, Edilvulfo regi Anglorum qui et Edelboldus in matrimonium"[256].
     "m firstly (Verberie-sur-Oise, near Senlis 1 Oct 856) as his [second/third] wife, ÆTHELWULF King of Wessex, son of ECGBERT King of Wessex & his wife Redburga --- ([795/800]-13 Jan 858, bur Winchester).
     "m secondly (858) ÆTHELBALD King of Wessex, son of ÆTHELWULF King of Wessex & his [second] wife Osburga --- (-20 Dec 860, bur Sherborne).
     "m thirdly (Auxerre 13 Dec 862) BAUDOUIN I Count of Flanders, son of ODACRE [Audacer/Odoscer] Graf van Harlebeek & his wife --- ([837/840]-Arras 879, bur Abbaye de Saint-Bertin near Saint-Omer)."
Med Lands cites:
; Per Genealogy.EU (Carolingian 1): “C1. [1m.] Pss Judith, *843/844, +after 870; 1m: Verberie sur Oise 1.10.856 King Aethlwulf of Wessex (*ca 806 +17.6.857); 2m: 858 King Aethebald of Wessex (+20.12.860); 3m: 862 Ct Baldwin I of Flanders (*ca 837/840, +879)”.¹²

; See Wikipedia article.¹³

; Per Genealogy.EU (Cerdic 1): “C1. Ethelbald, King of Wessex (855-856)+(858-860), *ca 834, +20.12.860, bur Sherborne Abbey, Dorset; m.860 his father's widow Judith of Franks (*843/444, +after 870)”.³

; Per Med Lands:
     "ÆTHELBALD ([835/40]-20 Dec 860, bur Sherborne Abbey, Dorset). "Edelbaldus filius suus" fought with King Æthelwulf at Temesmuthe, London and in Kent in 851[1512]. He was appointed under-king in Wessex when his father left for Rome in 855. Asser records that "king Ethelbald and Ealstan bishop of…Sherborne, with Eanwulf earl of the district of Somerton are said to have made a conspiracy together that king Ethelwulf, on his return from Rome, should never again be received into his kingdom" and that "many ascribe [the plot] solely to the insolence of the king, because the king was pertinacious in this matter, and in many other perversities…as also was proved by the result of that which follows"[1513]. After his return, Æthelwulf abdicated part of his realm in favour of his son, who succeeded as ÆTHELBALD King of Wessex, while his father continued to rule in the other part of Wessex and in Kent, Surrey, Sussex and Essex. Stenton says that Æthelwulf did this "to avoid a civil war" after learning that "his eldest son and some of the leading men of Wessex were resolved that he should not be received as king" after returning to England[1514]. Presumably he bases this on the report by Asser. The new conclusions referred to below regarding the possible illegitimacy of King Æthelwulf's son Æthelberht suggest another possible explanation. Æthelberht, most likely older than his half-brother Æthelbald, may have been the ring-leader of the plot. King Æthelwulf may have wished to control Æthelberht's ambitions by installing his oldest legitimate son as king during his own lifetime. Asser's report blaming Æthelbald may have been due to the chronicler's evident disapproval of the king's marrying his stepmother after his father's death (see below). In fact, this rather surprising marriage may also have been motivated by the need to reinforce Æthelbald's possibly weak power-base in the face of a continuing threat from his more powerful older half-brother Æthelberht. "Adelbaldus ex occidentalium Saxonem" granted land at Teffont, Wiltshire to "Osmund minister" by charter dated 860, subscribed by (in order) "Iudith regis filius [sic]" and "Osric dux"[1515]. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records the death in 860 of King Æthelbald and his burial at Sherborne[1516].
     "m ([858/59], separated) as her second husband, his stepmother, JUDITH of the Franks, widow of ÆTHELWULF King of Wessex, daughter of CHARLES II "le Chauve" King of the West Franks & his first wife Ermentrudis [d’Orléans] ([844]-after 870). Asser records that when King Æthelwulf was dead, his son Æthelbald married Judith daughter of Charles king of the Franks "contrary to God's prohibition and the dignity of a Christian, contrary also to the custom of all the pagans…and drew down much infamy upon himself"[1517]. The Annales Bertiniani record the marriage of "Iudit reginam" and "Adalboldus filius eius [=Edilvulf regis]" in 858 after the death of her first husband[1518]. Roger of Hoveden also records this second marriage of Judith[1519]. Roger of Wendover records the marriage and adds that Æthelbald repudiated his wife in penitence for the marriage[1520]. "Iudith regis filius [sic]" subscribed a charter of King Æthelbald dated 860[1521]. This presumably refers to Judith, Æthelbald's wife. Although it is not impossible that Queen Judith had a daughter by her first husband, her own date of birth indicates that it is unlikely that such a child could have been born before [858], in which case the daughter would probably not have been considered old enough to have subscribed a charter in 860. The "regis filius [=filia]" reference is nevertheless surprising (why not "regina"?), although one explanation is that it refers to her as daughter of the Frankish king rather than her relationship to the Wessex royal family. Another simpler explanation is that it was simply a copyist's error. The Annales Bertiniani record that Judith returned to her father after the death of her second husband, lived at Senlis "sub tuitione paterna", and from there was abducted by "Balduinum comitem" with the consent of her brother Louis, her father consenting to the marriage the following year[1522]. Judith eloped with her future third husband, Baudouin I Count of Flanders, around Christmas 861 and married him at Auxerre end-863. Flodoard names "Balduini comitis et Iudita…Karoli regis filia, Edilvulfo regi Anglorum qui et Edelboldus in matrimonium"[1523]."
Medieval Lands cites: He was King of Wessex: [Ashley, pp. 317-318] ATHELBALD Wessex, 855-20 December 860. Athelbald was the eldest son of ATHELWOLF (unless the mysterious ATHELSTAN was also Athelwolf's son), and was probably born about the year 831 or 832. He is first mentioned as fighting alongside his father at the battle of Acleah in 851, where they defeated a host of Danes. On his father's abdication in 855, Athelbald became king of Wessex, supported by Ealhstan the bishop of Sherborne, and with his younger brother ATHELBERT as king of Kent. There is no doubt that Athelbald was a strong and determined king, probably more ambitious than his father, inheriting some of the grit of his grandfather EGBERT. When the following year Athelwolf returned, perhaps unexpectedly, from his pilgrimage to Rome, Athelbald refused to concede the kingdom to him, and Athelwolf retired to Kent. After his father's death, Athelbald caused a scandal by marrying his step-mother, Judith, the daughter of Charles the Bald, king of the Franks. Since Judith had been crowned queen, Athelbald may well have believed that this confirmed further authority on his position and upon his likely children. He was twenty-seven and Judith was only fifteen, and there was every likelihood of a long reign and many children. However the church frowned on the marriage and within a year it was annulled. Judith returned to Francia where, six years later, she married Baldwin, count of Flanders. Their son, Baldwin, married Elfreda, the daughter of ALFRED THE GREAT. Athelbald lived only another year after this, dying in December 860, probably of an illness. He was buried at Sherborne Abbey. between 855 and 20 December 860.^15,5 The marriage of Aethelbald (?) King of Wessex and Judith (?) de France was annulled circa 859.^5,6,9

     Aethelberht (?) Subregulus of Kent was born circa 836.²
Aethelberht (?) Subregulus of Kent died in 865.^1,5
Aethelberht (?) Subregulus of Kent was buried between 865 and 866 at Sherborne Abbey, England.⁵
      ; Per Medieveval Lands:
     "[King Æthelwulf had one illegitimate child by Mistress (1):]

7. [ÆTHELBERHT ([830/35]-[865/66], bur Sherborne Abbey, Dorset). The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle names Æthelberht as king Æthelbald's brother when recording his succession in 860[1561], and as the brother of Æthelred when recording the latter's succession in [865/66][1562]. King Æthelberht's more uncertain relationship with the royal family is deduced from the will of King Alfred, probably dated to [879/88], which refers to the inheritance "which my father King Æthelwulf bequeathed to us three brothers Æthelbald, Æthelred and myself" specifying that "Æthelred and I entrusted our share to our kinsman king Æthelberht on condition that he should return it to us…fully…and he then did so"[1563]. This certainly suggests that Æthelberht could not have been the full brother of Æthelbald, Æthelred and Ælfred. There appear to be four possibilities to explain this unexpected wording and the precise family relationship between King Æthelberht and King Æthelwulf: (1) He was Æthelwulf's illegitimate son by a concubine, although if this is correct it is not clear why Alfred would have used the imprecise word "kinsman" to refer to such a close relation as his half-brother; (2) he was related by blood more remotely, maybe the king's nephew through the male line by birth, but adopted by the king as his son and treated as such at court, in which case "brother" in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle should be interpreted as "adopted brother"; (3) he was the son of Osburga, King Æthelwulf's wife, by an earlier marriage, and so was the uterine half-brother to Kings Æthelbald, Æthelred and Ælfred, although if this is correct it is unclear why he would have been appointed under-king in Kent in 855 (see below); (4) he was the legitimate son of King Æthelwulf by an earlier marriage, and therefore the king's oldest legitimate son, although if this is correct it is unclear why he would have been passed over when his father died in favour of King Æthelbald. None of these alternatives is obviously correct, although cases (1) and (2) appear somewhat more probable than (3), and (4) appears to be the least likely. Whatever the precise nature of Æthelberht's relationship to the family, it appears from King Alfred's will that the succession of Æthelberht as king was irregular in some way. Æthelberht's seniority, and probable position of power during the lifetime of King Æthelwulf, is demonstrated by "Æthelberht rex" subscribing Æthelwulf's charter dated 855 which granted land at Rochester, Kent to Dunn[1564]. From this, it has been concluded that he was appointed under-King in Kent, Surrey, Sussex and Essex around the time King Æthelwulf left for Rome in 855. However, this is puzzling, as it would imply that he was most senior of the potential heirs at the time, no mention being made in the records of any corresponding appointment for Æthelbald, despite the fact that, according to the will of Alfred, he was the oldest legitimate heir. Æthelberht's appointment in these territories must have been withdrawn at some stage, as King Æthelwulf himself governed Kent, Surrey, Sussex and Essex as part of the land which he allocated to himself under the arrangement for dividing the kingdom with his son Æthelbald after his return to England. A possible explanation for these difficulties is that Æthelberht was the ring-leader of the plot against King Æthelwulf during the latter's absence and therefore was disgraced after the king's return. The elevation of Æthelbald to the under-kingship at the time may therefore have been designed by King Æthelwulf to strengthen Æthelbald's position for eventual succession to the whole kingdom, at the expense of Æthelberht. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records that, after the death of Æthelwulf in 858, his "two sons succeeded to the kingdom: Æthelbald to Wessex and Æthelberht to Kent and to Essex and to Surrey and to Sussex"[1565]. This would imply that some rehabilitation had taken place, assuming it is correct that he had been disgraced earlier, or that Æthelberht's position remained strong enough after his father's death to force Æthelbald to share the realm with him. "Æthelbearht rex" granted land in Kent to "Wulflaf minister" by charter dated 858, subscribed by "Ethelmod dux"[1566]. After Æthelbald's death in 860, Æthelberht succeeded to the whole kingdom as ÆTHELBERHT King of Wessex[1567]. If it is correct that Æthelberht was not a full brother of Æthelbald, he presumably displaced the latter's less powerful brothers Æthelred and Alfred, who would have been the rightful successors but who were probably both still minors at the time. "Athelbert rex" granted land at Dinton, Wiltshire to "Osmund minister" by charter dated 860, subscribed only by "Athelred filius regis"[1568]. Danish incursions increased during the reign of Æthelberht, the largest Danish army yet landing in East Anglia in Autumn 865. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records that King Æthelberht "reigned five years and his body lies at Sherborne"[1569], in a later passage that "Æthelred brother of Æthelberht" succeeded in 866[1570].]"
Medieval Lands cites:

; Ethelbert, Subregulus of Kent (852-865), King of Wessex (860-865), *ca 836, +autumn 865, bur Sherborne Abbey, Dorset.² He was King of Wessex: [Ashley, p. 318] ATHELBERT Kent, 855-856, 858-860; Wessex, 20 December 860-865/6. Athelbert was the second son of ATHELWOLF, and succeeded to the sub-kingdom of Kent (which included Essex and Sussex) in 855, when his father abdicated and ATHELBALD (his elder brother) succeeded to the kingdom of Wessex. It is possible that Athelbert succeeded to the sub-kingdom earlier, whenever their uncle ATHELSTAN died, but there is no record of the date. When Athelwolf returned from Rome in 856, Athelbald refused to concede the kingdom of Wessex, so Athelwolf retired to Kent, where Athelbert seemed more amenable to bow to his father's authority in that land. It was probably no more than a token gesture, as Athelwolf was already in his sixties, and Athelbald now held authority over all of southern England. When Athelbald died in 860 Athelbert succeeded to Wessex and does not seem to have appointed a new sub-king in Kent. During his reign the Danes returned with a vengeance. Sometime soon after his accession a Danish army landed either via the Thames or on the south coast and advanced as far as Winchester before two contingents of Saxons defeated them. Towards the end of his reign a more organized force arrived under the command of Ragnar Lodbrok. His fleet had been harrying the east coast of England, particularly Northumbria, and in the winter of 864/S they stayed in Thanet. Although the Saxons made a pact with them, the Danes plundered east Kent, before advancing back up the east coast. Athelbert died towards the end of 865 (or possibly early in 866), aged about thirty-two. He was buried at Sherborne Abbey He had not married and was succeeded by his brother ATHELRED. between 20 December 860 and 866.^6,5

     Aethelflaed (?) Lady of the Mercians was born circa 869.³ She married Aethelred (?) ealdorman of Mercia between 886 and 887.^1,3

Aethelflaed (?) Lady of the Mercians died on 12 June 918 at Tamworth, Staffordshire, England.^1,3
Aethelflaed (?) Lady of the Mercians was buried after 12 June 918 at Gloucester Cathedral, Gloucester, Gloucestershire, England.³
      ; Ethelfleda, Lady of the Mercians, *ca 869, +Tamworth, Staffordshire 12.6.918, bur Gloucester Cathedral; m.886/7 Ethelred, Ealdorman of Mercia (+911.)³

     Aethelred (?) ealdorman of Mercia married Aethelflaed (?) Lady of the Mercians, daughter of Alfred "the Great" (?) King of England and Ealhswith (?) of Mercia, between 886 and 887.^1,2

Aethelred (?) ealdorman of Mercia died in 911.^1,2

     Ecgwynn (?) married Edward I "the Elder" (?) King of Wessex, son of Alfred "the Great" (?) King of England and Ealhswith (?) of Mercia, circa 893
; Genealogics says this was a "Union"; Wikipepedia says his 1st wife.^3,5,6,4
Ecgwynn (?) died between 901 and 902.³
      ; Per Med Lands:
     "EADWEARD, son of ALFRED King of Wessex & his wife Ealhswith ([872]-Farndon-on-Dee near Chester 17 Jul 924, bur Winchester Cathedral[1623]). "Eadwardum" is named by Roger of Hoveden as the younger of King Alfred's sons by Queen Ealswith[1624]. "Edward/Eadweard filius regis" subscribed charters of King Alfred dated 871 and 892 (two)[1625]. He defeated the Danes at Fareham 893. "Eadweard rex" subscribed a charter of King Alfred dated 898[1626], implying that he was crowned in the lifetime of his father. He succeeded his father in 899 as EDWARD "the Elder" King of Wessex, crowned 31 May or 9 Jun 900 at Kingston-upon-Thames. He was faced soon after by the rebellion of his first cousin Æthelwold, son of Æthelred I King of Wessex, whom he finally defeated at the battle of the Holm in [902/05]. King Edward attacked the Danes in Northumbria in 909 and forced them to accept peace on his terms. The Danes countered by raiding Mercia as far as the Bristol Avon, but Edward defeated them at Tettenhall 5 Aug 910. In 911, Edward occupied London and Oxford, and in Summer 912 he attacked the Danes in Essex. King Edward continued northwards in 915, occupying Bedford. Edward began a major offensive against the Danes in the Midlands in 917, helped by the Mercian troops of his sister Æthelflæd. After his sister's death in 918, King Edward seized Tamworth to ensure the loyalty of Mercia, but left his niece Ælfwynn in nominal authority in Mercia until the winter of 919 when he had her taken to Wessex, marking the final integration of Mercia into Wessex. This was followed by the submission to him by the Welsh kings of Gwynedd, Dyfed and the lands between Merioneth and Gower, which made King Edward overlord of major parts of Wales. Edward then turned his attention to the reconquest of the remaining Danish colonies south of the river Humber, which he completed by 920, culminating with the submission to him of Rægnald King of York, Ealdred of Bamburgh and the king and people of Strathclyde[1627]. He was suppressing a revolt in Chester when he died. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records the death of King Edward at Farndon-on-Dee in Mercia in 924 and his burial at Winchester[1628].
     "m firstly ([892/94]) ECGWYNN, daughter of --- (-[901/02]). Roger of Hoveden names "muliere nobilissima Egcwinna", but does not refer to her as "regina" in contrast to King Edward's third wife[1629]. Florence of Worcester says that the mother of Edward's first born son was "a woman of very noble birth named Egwina"[1630]. According to William of Malmesbury, she was "an illustrious lady" but at another point in his text calls her "a shepherd's daughter"[1631]. The Book of Hyde names "Egwynna..quædam pastoris filia" as concubine of King Eadweard[1632]. Roger of Wendover names "concubine…Egwynna" as mother of King Edward’s "filium…primogenitum Ethelstanum"[1633]. The accession of her son King Æthelstan in 924 was challenged apparently on the grounds that he was "born of a concubine"[1634]. However, Æthelstan is named ahead of his half-brother Ælfweard in the list of subscribers in two charters of their father[1635], indicating his seniority and presumably implying the legitimacy of his parents' union.
     "m secondly (901 or before) ÆLFLÆD, daughter of ealdorman ÆTHELHELM & his wife Ælswitha --- (-920, bur Winchester Cathedral[1636]). "Elffled coniux regis" subscribed a 901 charter of King Edward[1637]. The Book of Hyde names "Elfelmi comitis filia Elfleda" as first wife of King Eadweard[1638]. Roger of Wendover calls her "secunda regina sua…Alfleda, Elfelmi comitis filia"[1639].
     "m thirdly (920) EADGIFU, daughter of SIGEHELM Lord of Meopham, Cooling and Lenham in Kent & his wife --- (-26 Aug 968, bur Canterbury Cathedral). "Eadgifu regis mater" subscribed charters of Kings Edmund and Eadred between 940 and 953[1640]. Eadgifu recited her title to land at Cooling by charter dated 959 which names her father Sigelm and records that he was killed in battle[1641]. King Eadred granted land in Berkshire to "Aedgyfu regis mater" in 945[1642]. King Eadred granted land at Felpham, Sussex to "Eadgifu famula dei matri mee" by charter dated 953[1643]. She appears to have supported her grandson Edgar against Eadwig in 957, the latter depriving her of her property. "Eadgifu hil ealdan moder/predicti regis aua" subscribed charters of King Edgar dated [959/63] and 966[1644]."
Med Lands cites:

; Per Genealogy.EU: "Edward "the Elder", King of Wessex (899-924), cr Kingston-upon-Thames 31.5/8.6.900, *ca 871/2, +Farndon-on-Dee 17.7.924, bur Winchester Cathedral; 1m: Egwina (+ca 901/2), dau.of a Wessex nobleman; 2m: ca 901/2 Elfleda (+920, bur Winchester Cathedral), dau.of Ealdorman Ethelhelm; 3m: ca 920 Edgiva (*ca 905, +25.8.968, bur Canterbury Cathedral), dau.of Sigehelm, Ealdorman of Kent."³

; Accoreding to The Henry Project: "Hrotsvith of Gandersheim states that king Æthelstan's mother was of low birth ["Altera sed generis mulier satis inferioris." Gesta Oddonis, line 82, MGH SS 4: 321]. John of Worcester and William of Malmesbury state that she was of high birth [FlW a. 901; Lib. Monast. Hyde, 111-2."Ex muliere nobilissima Ecgwyna ..." John Worc., s.a. 901 (1: 117); "... Ecgwyn, foemina nobilissima..." ibid., 1: 274; "... ex Egwinna illustri foemina ..." Wm. Malmes., Gesta Regum, c. 126 (1: 136-7)], but then William relates a fanciful story that makes her a daughter of a shepherd ["opilionis filia" Wm. Malmes., Gesta Regum, c. 139 (1: 155)]."
Bibliography
** John Worc. = Benjamin Thorpe, ed., Florentii Wigorniensis monachi chronicon ex chronicis, 2 vols., (London, 1848-9). (The work formerly attributed to Florence of Worcester is now generally attributed to John of Worcester.) Also edited more recently in Darlington & McGurk, eds., The Chronicle of John of Worcester, 3 vols. (Oxford, 1995-). I do not have easy access to the latter edition, and most of the citations are given from Thorpe's edition.
** MGH SS = Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Scriptores series.
** Wm. Malmes., Gesta Regum = William Stubbs, ed., Willelmi Malmesbiriensis Monachi De gestis regum Anglorum. libri quinque; Historiæ Novellæ libri tres, 2 vols. (Rolls series 90, 1887-9).⁴ Ecgwynn (?) was also known as Ecgwyn.⁷

; daughter of a Wessex nobleman.³

     Athelstan (?) King of Wessex and Mercia, King of England was born in 895.^1,3
Athelstan (?) King of Wessex and Mercia, King of England died on 17 October 939 at Gloucester, Gloucestershire, England.^1,3,4
Athelstan (?) King of Wessex and Mercia, King of England was buried after 27 October 939 at Malmesbury Abbey, Wiltshire, England.^2,3
      ; Athelstan, King of Wessex and of a formally unified England (924-939), cr Kingston-upon-Thames 4.9.924, *ca 895, +Gloucester Palace 27.10.939, bur Malmesbury Abbey, Wiltshire.³

; According to The Henry Project: "Æthelstan, d. 27 October 939, king of Wessex and Mercia (king of England) 924×5-939.
According to most of his charters which show a regnal year, Æthelstan appears to have dated his reign from a point which started somewhere between 25 December 924 and 26 January 925 [see above under Eadweard's date of death]. Since Eadweard had died the previous July, this suggests a longer than average succession period, which may have included a short reign in Wessex by Æthelstan's brother Ælfweard [Wm. Malmes., Gesta Regum, c. 139 (1: 156); see below under Ælfweard]. According to a dubious charter, Æthelstan was crowned on 4 September 925 [Cart. Sax. 2: 317 (#641)]. He died on 27 October 939 and was succeeded by his brother Eadmund "Her Æþelstan cyning forðferde on .vi. kl. Nov. ymbe .xl. wintra butan anre niht þæs þe Ælfred cyning forþferde; & Eadmund æþeling feng to rice. & he wæs þa .xviii. wintre. & Æþelstan cyning rixade .xiiii. gear & .x. wucan." ASC(A) s.a. 941 (orig. 940) (".xli." altered to ".xl.") ("Here King Athelstan passed away on 27 October, 40 years all but a day after King Alfred passed away. And the ætheling Edmund succeeded to the kingdom; and he was then 18 years old. King Athelstan ruled 14 years and 10 weeks." ASC(Eng), 110); "Her Æðelstan cyning forðferde. & feng Ædmund to rice his broðor." ASC(E) s.a. 940; "Strenuus et gloriosus rex Anglorum Æthelstanus, decimo sexto regni sui anno, indictione XIV., vi. kal. Novembris, feria IV., apud Glawornam e vita decessit, et a[d Maidulfi urbem delatus, honorifice est tumulatus; cui frater suus Eadmundus, XVIIIº. ætatis suæ anno, in regnum successit." John Worc., s.a. 940 (1: 132-3); "27 [Oct.] Obitus Æþelstani regis." Lib. Vit. Hyde, 272; AU s.a. 938=939; on 939 as the year of Æthelstan's death, see Beaven (1917); Vaughan (1954)]."

Bibliography

Bibliography

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Æthelweard = A. Campbell ed., Chronicon Æthelweardi/The Chronicle of Æthelweard, (New York, 1962).

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; Ethelstan, Alfred's grandson. The descendants of Alfred were the first true kings of England; his great-grandson Edgar (959-75) was recognized as such. Archbishop Dunstan, Edgar's chief counselor, was a great ecclesiastical reformer (simony and morals) of the Church and the people. He followed a policy of fusion and conciliation toward the Danes, and Oda, a full-blooded Dane, became (942) archbishop of Canterbury. The absorption of the Danelaw by Wessex left the Celtic fringe in Scotland and Wales independent under a vague kind of vassalage to the king. He was King of England: [Ashley, pp. 472-475] ATHELSTAN King of the English, 17 July 924-27 October 939. Crowned: Kingston-upon-Thames, 4 September 925. Born: c895. Died: Gloucester, 27 October 939, aged 44. Buried: Malmesbury Abbey, Wiltshire. Athelstan, arguably the most powerful of all Saxon kings, was the eldest son of EDWARD THE ELDER, though there is a question about his legitimacy. Edward may not have married Athelstan's mother Egwina, and though she was later described as "a noblewoman", the scandal-mongers of the day remembered her as a shepherd's daughter whom Edward took a fancy to in his youth and who bore him two or perhaps three children. Maybe it was because he was illegitimate that Athelstan was raised by Edward's sister, ATHELFLÆD, at her court at Gloucester in Mercia and not at Winchester. Some authorities make much of the fact that Athelstan was a favourite of his grandfather's, ALFRED, as if he preferred this child over the others and singled him out for succession; in fact Athelstan was the only grandchild Alfred knew, as all of Alfred's other grandchildren were born after his death. Nevertheless, because Athelstan was reared in Mercia he had a loyalty from the Mercians that his forebears had never received. When Edward died, the Mercians immediately proclaimed him their king whilst the West Saxon witan were still deliberating. No doubt, if Athelstan was illegitimate, there was an issue to resolve, and possibly Edward had suggested before his death that Athelstan would succeed him in Mercia whilst one of his legitimate sons would succeed in Wessex. EDWIN was already subking in Kent and the obvious choice but perhaps he declined (or, if his recorded death date is in error, he may have already been dead). There is a suggestion that ELFWEARD the hermit was summoned to Winchester as a possible candidate, but he died en route, and thereafter there was no other choice but Athelstan, but he was not confirmed in Wessex until some months after his accession in Mercia. Even then he was not crowned for over a year. Just what the reluctance was amongst the West Saxons is not clear, and it may be that they just did not trust Athelstan. There is no doubt that Athelstan's strength of character may also have been a disadvantage, because he had a distrust for the Saxon nobility whom he treated with reserve, and they probably saw him as haughty and unwelcoming. Yet to his subjects he was kind and generous, perhaps because of his own origins. He was exceedingly generous to the church and delighted in giving gifts and receiving memorabilia. Like Arthur he was an avid reader but also a collector of treasures he later donated to the church. He was a tall, if thin, man with long golden hair and conveyed the image of a handsome, powerful knight. It may be something of Athelstan who lives on in our folk memory of Sir Lancelot.
No sooner was Athelstan ensconced as king than we find his authority recognized by SITRIC CAECH of York, the Norse king who had refused to recognize Edward's sovereignty. Sitric recognized that Athelstan's power base in Mercia gave him a much greater ability to attack Northumbria if necessary. Sitric and Athelstan thus agreed terms and as part of the arrangement Sitric was married to Athelstan's saintly sister Eadgyth on 30 January 926. The alliance with Sitric did not last for long, as he refused to accept Christianity, and by March 927 he was dead. Athelstan seized this opportunity. Sitric's brother, Gothfrith, who was king of Dublin, attempted to claim the throne of York, but Athelstan defeated him and, after showing him hospitality, despatched him back to Ireland. During this episode Athelstan summoned the kings of Scotland and Strathclyde to Eamont Bridge in July 927 and made them swear that they would not support Gothfrith in his designs upon the throne of York. Athelstan entered York, the first Saxon king to do so, since all previous kings before the Scandinavians had been Angles.
During 926 Athelstan had summoned the Welsh princes to a meeting at Hereford. Although the three primary rulers had previously paid homage to Edward, there had been a Norse uprising in 924 supported by the Welsh at Chester. Athelstan was determined to put a stop to Welsh hostilities in Mercia. At Hereford he laid down the boundary between Wales and England, particularly the southern stretch which had always been in dispute, where he now specified the Wye, and he exacted harsh tribute from the princes. It is not clear how far they ever met this demand, but it was evident that they recognized Athelstan's authority. HYWEL DDA in particular was fascinated by the Saxon court, appreciating its possibilities in Wales, and he learned much from Athelstan that he was able to put into practice. Immediately after this agreement, Athelstan hurried to Devon where the Cornish were again in revolt, probably under their king HOEL. Athelstan expelled the Cornish from Exeter. driving them back over the Tamar, which now became the boundary between Cornwall and England. He refortified Exeter and it seems he may have taken Hoe! hostage to ensure the Cornish compliance, because Hoe! was with him a year later at Eamont Bridge.
The alliance with the Scots lasted for seven years, a remarkable period of peace and prosperity in England during which time Athelstan reviewed his troops, improved his fortifications and generally settled down to the government of his subjects. It seems that Athelstan also made friends with the king of Norway, Harald Fairhair or Finehair, who sent gifts to Athelstan and also adopted the current vogue for fostering by sending his son, Haakon, then aged about seven, to Athelstan's court to benefit from understanding the English form of government. One consequence of this was that Haakon became such a welcome king in Norway that the elders deposed his brother, ERIK BLOODAXE, who immediately become a problem for Athelstan's successors. This was but one example of Athelstan's role in Europe. Because of a series of political marriages amongst his aunts and his own sisters, Athelstan was on close terms with many of the major rulers in Europe. These included Count Baldwin of Flanders, who had married his aunt Elfreda, Charles III of France, who had married his sister Edgiva, the influential Hugh, Count of Paris, who had married another sister, Edhilda, and Otto, duke of Saxony and subsequently German emperor, who had married a further sister, Eadgyth. There was another possible half-sister who married Gorm the Old, the first king of a united Denmark. All of this demonstrates that Athelstan was a key activist on the international scene, and though it is not recorded that he travelled abroad, his relationships improved trade and culture in England extensively.
In 934 Athelstan was incensed when the Scottish king CONSTANTINE married his daughter to OLAF GOTHFRITHSON of Dublin, which Athelstan saw as a flagrant breach of the Eamont treaty. He decided to give Constantine a lesson and in 934 he raised a huge army which increased in numbers as he marched north from Winchester, and he devastated Scotland en route as far north as Fordun. Constantine recognized Athelstan's power, but it only made him all the more determined to seek the support of Olaf as a defence against the English might. In 937, after the death of Gothfrith, Olaf combined his army with Constantine's. He took York and marched down into Mercia. Athelstan met him at Brunanburh, near Nottingham. It was one of the most decisive of all Saxon victories, and passed into legend. From then until his death two years later Athelstan ruled peacefully, the complete master of his realm. Athelstan's reign was remembered by later annalists as a golden age, and certainly there would be little like it again for many years to come. Athelstan died of an illness, probably a manifestation of the same malady which afflicted his family, many of whom died young. He was only forty-four. Athelstan had never married, and he was succeeded by his half-brother EDMUND. between 17 July 924 and 27 October 939.^1,10