Person Page - 3109

     Lionel Wydeville Bishop of Salisbury was born in 1447.¹
Lionel Wydeville Bishop of Salisbury died in 1484.¹

     Martha Wydeville married Sir John Bromley of Baddington.¹

Martha Wydeville died circa 1500.¹

     Sir Edward Wydeville KG, Lord Scales died in 1488.¹
      ; Per Wikipedia:
     "Sir Edward Woodville KG (died 1488) was a member of the Woodville family during the Wars of the Roses. He survived the reign of Richard III in which several of his relatives were executed in a power struggle after the death of Edward IV. Exiled with Henry Tudor, he participated in Henry's capture of the throne. He was then appointed Lord of the Isle of Wight, the last person to be given that title.
     "An enthusiastic soldier, he has been called "the last knight errant" because of his devotion to the chivalrous ideal.[1] Involved in many military adventures, he was finally killed in an ill-fated personal expedition to Brittany in support of Francis II, Duke of Brittany.
     "Woodville was referred to as Lord Scales after the death of his brother Anthony Woodville, 2nd Earl Rivers, who bequeathed the Scales lands to him. He is consistently referred to as Lord Scales in Spanish and Breton records, but he never officially held the baronial title.
Early life
     "Edward was the tenth child, and youngest son, of Richard Woodville, 1st Earl Rivers, and his wife Jacquetta of Luxembourg, who came to prominence when their daughter Elizabeth Woodville married King Edward IV. During the reign of his sister's husband, young Edward Woodville was among those who allegedly encouraged the king's licentious lifestyle as "promoters and companions of his vices", in the words of the Italian courtier Dominic Mancini.[2]
     "In 1472 he accompanied his brother, Anthony Woodville, 2nd Earl Rivers, to Brittany. Francis II, Duke of Brittany had appealed to Edward IV for support against the French, who were threatening invasion. The king sent 1000 archers with the Woodvilles. Determined Anglo-Breton resistance forced the French to withdraw.[3] In 1475, Edward IV made him one of the Knights of the Bath. In 1480 Edward was granted control of the town of Portsmouth and the stronghold of Porchester Castle.[4]
     "In 1482, he joined the king's brother Richard, Duke of Gloucester in his invasion of Scotland.[5] Richard made him a knight banneret on 24 July 1482.[4] The following year, he was commissioned to prepare an expeditionary force to be sent to France, but the king's sudden death halted this project.
Escape from Richard III
     "After the death of King Edward there was a power-struggle between the Woodvilles and Richard Duke of Gloucester, who had been appointed as Protector of the under-age heir Edward V. The Woodvilles were keen to bypass the protectorate and have Prince Edward crowned quickly. They attempted to outmanoeuvre Richard by placing their large family in positions of power. They convinced the royal council to appoint Edward Woodville as admiral of a fleet, supposedly to deal with the French naval commander Philippe de Crèvecoeur, who was attacking English ships in the channel.[6]
     "He seems to have left London to take command of the fleet shortly after Richard initiated his coup by arresting Edward's brother Anthony Woodville, 2nd Earl Rivers, at Stony Stratford. Apparently still unaware of this development, Edward then sailed with his fleet in April. Richard quickly moved to place his supporters in control of key posts in Edward's power-base at the Isle of Wight and Porchester. By mid-May he sought to capture his fleet. Woodville was at Southampton, having just confiscated a large sum in gold coins (allegedly belonging to the king) from a merchant ship, when he was made aware of the situation. Most of his fleet surrendered to Richard, but Woodville escaped with two ships and, probably, the money.[6] He and his men then joined Henry Tudor in exile in Brittany, where he seems to have received a monthly allowance from the Duke. Richard executed Anthony Woodville and proclaimed himself king. He made a number of attempts to extradite the Tudor faction, but the Duke resisted the pressure.
Under Henry VII
     "Edward returned to England with Henry in 1485 and fought at the Battle of Bosworth. Under Henry VII he was appointed as Lord of the Isle of Wight in the first year of the new king's reign. He was also given command of Porchester Castle again, along with Carisbrooke Castle.[4][7][8]
     "By this time he was being called "Lord Scales", coming from his brother's wife, Elizabeth de Scales, whose lands had been bequeathed to him, but which he never seems to have received.[4]
     "In 1486 Edward went to Spain to join with Ferdinand and Isabella in the attempt to expel the Moors and unify Spain, possibly to fulfil a vow he had made that he would participate in a crusade.[4] He fought at the siege of Loja, where he helped to defeat the Moorish forces by leading an attack to scale the city walls. In the fight, Edward was hit in the face by a rock thrown by a defender. He was knocked unconscious and his front teeth were smashed, a disfigurement he considered a badge of honour. He was visited in hospital by the king and queen, who sympathised with him over the loss of his teeth. According to the chronicler Andrés Bernáldes he replied, "Our Lord, who reared this fabric, has only opened a window to discern more readily what lies within".[9]
     "In the following year, back in England, he played an important role in defeating the rebellion of Lambert Simnel, when he was placed in command of the light cavalry, sent north to make first contact with the rebels. His forces repeatedly harassed the rebel army in a series of skirmishes in Sherwood Forest, forcing it to slow down and giving the king time to build up his army before the main battle. He seems to have intentionally adopted the "Moorish hit-and-run tactics" of the kind he'd seen used effectively in Spain.[4] His cavalry joined the main royal army before the decisive Battle of Stoke, forming its right wing. In the following year he was made a Knight of the Garter.
Death in Brittany
     "In 1488 the Duke of Brittany appealed to Henry for help when he was once more threatened with invasion by France. Henry attempted to negotiate a settlement, but the French decided to invade. Edward asked Henry to allow him to raise a force to support the Bretons. Henry was unwilling to commit to this, and so Edward collected men from the Isle of Wight on his own authority. He managed to gather a small force of between 400 and 700 archers along with 40 of the local gentry. He sailed to Saint-Malo, plundering a French ship on the way.[7]
     "The Bretons decided to make the English force seem larger by dressing 1,300 of their own men in English colours, possibly to frighten the French with the fearsome reputation of the English longbowmen. At the Battle of Saint-Aubin-du-Cormier (1488) Edward's force formed the vanguard of the Breton army. He led a bold attack on the French in the opening stages of the battle, but a French counter-attack on the weak Breton centre broke their position and the Bretons were defeated. Lord Scales' force was almost completely wiped out. Supposedly there was one survivor, a boy called Diccon Clarke, who returned to the Isle of Wight to tell the tale.[10] Edward was killed with his men, apparently after he had refused to surrender for ransom.[7]
     "He was buried in Brittany. In 1988 a monument was erected by Breton nationalists at the site of the battle, which commemorates the English forces, but erroneously refers to their leader as "Talbot Earl of Scales".[11] In 2009 English Heritage put up a memorial plaque to him at Carisbrooke castle.[11]
     "Sir Edward's biographer Christopher Wilkins calls him "a true hero whose significance in the politics of the period is often overlooked", describing him as an "essentially Medieval" figure, whose actions in Spain, England and France helped form, sometimes contrary to his intentions, modern nation-states.[1]
Scales title
     "Edward is consistently referred to as Lord Scales during Henry VII's reign, mostly by continental sources. Richard III did not honour Anthony Woodville's will granting the Scales lands to Edward. Other exiled members of the Tudor group, such as Jasper Tudor, used titles they considered themselves to have been unjustly deprived of by the Yorkist kings. However, there is no record of Edward claiming to be anything other than a knight.[12] Edward was not officially granted the title by Henry VII when he became king. The minor Woodville relations who had inherited the land were left in possession of it, but without the right to use the baronial title. It is not known whether this was Edward's or Henry's wish. Wilkins believes that Edward chose not to pursue his claim.[13]
     "Edward nevertheless is consistently called "Conde d'Escalas" by the Spanish during and after his expedition there, and is called "Le Seigneur d'Escales" by the French chronicler Jean Molinet. However, when Edward defied Henry's instructions not to become involved in the Franco-Breton war of 1488, Henry wrote to the French king referring to him as "Sir Edward Woodville, knight, calling himself Lord of Scales".[14]
References
1. Wilkins, Christopher, The Last Knight Errant: Edward Woodville and the Age of Chivalry, IB Tauris, 2009.
2. Ross, Charles, Richard III, University of California Press, 1983, p.39.
3. Ross, Charles, Edward IV, University of California Press, 1974, p.206.
4. C. P. Wilkins, "Woodville, Sir Edward (d. 1488), soldier and courtier", Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press 2011.
5. Ross, Charles, Richard III, University of California Press, 1983, p.44.
6. Horrox, Rosemary, Richard III: A Study of Service, p.90
7. John Duncan Mackie, The Earlier Tudors: 1485–1558, Oxford University Press, 1952, p.87.
8. Woodville, Bernard, A general history of Hampshire, Virtue, 1861, p.260.
9. Wilkins, C, The Last Knight Errant, IB Tauris, 2010, p.9.
10. William Henry Davenport Adams, The History, Topography, and Antiquities of the Isle of Wight, Smith, Elder, and Company, 1856. p.32.
11. "English Heritage honore les archers de Wight morts à Saint-Aubin du Cormier en 1488", Agence Bretagne Presse, 11/08/09. The wording, in English followed by French, is «To the 500 English archers who shed their blood under Talbot Earl of Scales; Aux 500 Archers Anglais qui versèrent leur sang sous les ordres de Talbot comte de Scales ». This may derive from confusion caused by the wording of a famous letter written by Joan of Arc in 1429 referring to her victories over the English: "Believe what you have heard about the earl of Suffolk, the lord la Pole and his brother, the lord Talbot, the lord Scales, and Sir Fastolf; many more knights and captains than these are defeated." This refers to John Talbot, 1st Earl of Shrewsbury and Thomas de Scales, 7th Baron Scales (d. 1460)
12. Wilkins, p.15
13. Wilkins, p.133.
14. Wilkins, p.183
External links
Edward Woodville at the Woodville family page: https://web.archive.org/web/20130622025630/http://www.oneinspecyal.com/html/edward_woodville.html.¹

     Almodis de Gévaudan died after 1005.¹
     Almodis de Gévaudan was educated; Genealogics cites: opäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag, Marburg, Schwennicke, Detlev (Ed.) 2:76.¹

     Manassès I dit Robert (?) Comte de Guines was born circa 1075.¹ He married Emma de Arches, daughter of William de Arches of Folkstone and Beatrice Malet, before 1106
;
Her 2nd husband.³
Manassès I dit Robert (?) Comte de Guines died on 18 December 1137.¹
     Reference: Genealogics cites:

; Per Med Lands: "ROBERT [Manassès] de Guines (-Ardres 1137). The Historia Comitum Ghisnensium names (in order) "Robertus…dictus est Manasses…Fulconem …Guidonem…Hugonem…Adelidem quoque Samurensem et Ghislam Gandavensem" as children of "Balduinus [comes Ghisnensi]" & his wife[1170]. An undated charter records donations to the chapel of Notre-Dame "in castro Gisnensi", including the donation made by "Balduinus comes Gisnensis" of "duas mansiones in castro supra dicto et terram de Hautingahem…" with the consent of "filiis suis Manasse, Fulcone, Hugone, Widone et Mathilde"[1171]. The cartulary of the abbey of Charroux records the founding of the abbey of Ardres by "Balduinius comes Gisnensis" in 1097, confirmed following his death by "filius eius Manasses", the charter being subscribed by "Hugo archidiaconus frater Manassis comitis…Fulco frater comitis"[1172]. No explanation has so far been found for Robert's use of the alternative name Manassès. He succeeded his father as Comte de Guines. A charter dated 1097 records that "Balduinus comes Gisnensis" founded the monastery of Andres, confirmed after his death by "filius eius Manasses", witnessed by "Hugo archidiaconus frater Manassæ comitis…Fulco frater comitis…"[1173]. “Manasses Gisnensis comes et Emma uxor eius…filia Willielmi de Arras” founded Redlingfield priory by charter dated 1120, witnessed by “Widonis fratris mei, Rosæ filiæ meæ”[1174]. Jean Bishop of Tournai confirmed the foundation of the monastery of Andres by "Balduinum piæ memoriæ comitem Gisnensem uxoremque eius Athelam" by charter dated 1122 which names "filiisque eius Manasse, Fulcone, Hugone, Widone"[1175]. “Manasses…Gisnensium comes…cum uxore mea Emma et filia Rosa” confirmed possessions of Andres by undated charter[1176]. "Manasses Gisnensium comes et Emma comitissa" granted the administration of the church of Saint-Léonard to Saint-Bertin by charter dated 1129[1177]. “...Manasses de Guines...” witnessed the charter dated Jul 1129 under which “Hugo castellanus de Cambrai et dom. de Oisy” donated property to Mont Saint-Eloi[1178]. “Manasses Gisnensium comes, Emma comitissa, Henricus castellanus de Brochborc, Livildis mater sua, Mathildis, Adaliza, sorores suæ…” witnessed the charter dated 1130 under which "Henricus de Campanies" donated property to Andres[1179]. The Historia Comitum Ghisnensium records the death of Manassès and his burial "in Andrie monasterio"[1180]. m (before 1106) as her second husband, EMMA d'Arques, widow of NELE de Muneville, daughter of GUILLAUME Vicomte d'Arques Lord of Folkestone & his wife Beatrix Malet (-after 1140). “Manasses Gisnensis comes et Emma uxor eius…filia Willielmi de Arras” founded Redlingfield priory by charter dated 1120, witnessed by “Widonis fratris mei, Rosæ filiæ meæ”[1181]. The primary source which confirms her first marriage has not been identified. The Historia Comitum Ghisnensium names "Emmam filiam Roberti camerarii de Tancarvilla in Normannia, viduam Odonis de Folkestane in Anglia" as wife of "Manasses"[1182], which appears to be incorrect. "Manasses Gisnensium comes et Emma comitissa" granted the administration of the church of Saint-Léonard to Saint-Bertin by charter dated 1129[1183]. “Manasses…Gisnensium comes…cum uxore mea Emma et filia Rosa” confirmed possessions of Andres by undated charter[1184]. “Manasses Gisnensium comes, Emma comitissa, Henricus castellanus de Brochborc, Livildis mater sua, Mathildis, Adaliza, sorores suæ…” witnessed the charter dated 1130 under which "Henricus de Campanies" donated property to Andres[1185]. According to Domesday Descendants she became a nun at Saint-Leonard de Guines after the death of her second husband[1186]."
Med Lands cites: He was Comte de Guines between 1091 and 1137.¹

     Cecilia de Vescy married Hugh de Bolebec, son of Walter II de Bolbec.^2,1

      ; Per Med Lands:
     "CECILIA de Vescy . An undated charter relating to Alnwick Abbey, Northumberland names ”Eustachium de Vescy, Matildam et Ceceliam” as the children of “Willielmus de Vescy senior” and his wife “sororem domini Roberti de Stutevill, domini de Cnarsburg, nomine Burgam”, adding that Cecilia married “Hugoni de Bolbek seniori, qui genuit Walterum de Bolbek, qui Hugonem juniorem, qui Feliciam matrem domini Johannis de Lancastria”[413].
     "m HUGH de Bolebec, son of WALTER de Bolebec of Styford, Northumberland & his wife --- (1240)."
Med Lands cites: [413] Dugdale Monasticon VI.2, Alnwick Abbey, Northumberland IV, p. 868.¹

     Athelstan (?) sub-King in Kent, Essex, Sussex and Surrey was born between 820 and 826.²
Athelstan (?) sub-King in Kent, Essex, Sussex and Surrey died between 851 and 853.^1,2
     Reference: Genealogics cites: Burke's Guide to the Royal Family, London, 1973. 189.¹

; Per Medieveval Lands:
     "ÆTHELSTAN ([820/26]-[851/53]). The sources are contradictory concerning the parentage of Æthelstan. One manuscript of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle says that Æthelstan was the second son of King Ecgberht, but another says "Æthelwulf, son of Ecgberht, succeeded to the kingdom of Wessex, and he gave his son Æthelstan the kingdom of Kent and Essex and of Surrey and of Sussex"[1504]. If Æthelstan was the son of King Æthelwulf, he must have been considerably older than his brothers, and therefore probably not born from the same mother. Æthelstan's birth date is estimated from his appointment as under king in 839, on the assumption that this was unlikely to have been before he was a teenager. Weir[1505] states that Æthelstan (whom she places as King Ecgberht's son) had a son named Ethelweard who was under-King of Kent and who died in 850, but the source on which this is based is not known. According to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, Æthelstan was under-King of Kent, Surrey, Sussex and Essex in 839[1506]. "Ethelstan/Æthelstan rex" subscribed three charters of King Æthelwulf granting lands in Kent dated 841, 842 and 845[1507]. "Edelstan rex Kancie" granted land at Rochester, Kent to "Ealhere princeps", jointly with King Æthelwulf, by charter dated 850[1508]. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records that he and his ealdorman Ealhere defeated a Danish force at sea off Sandwich [851][1509]. Asser records that "king Athelstan, son of king Æthelwulf, and earl Ealhere slew a large army of pagans in Kent at…Sandwich" in 851, and that "earl Ealhere with the men of Kent" fought more pagans "in the island…Tenet" in 853 where Ælhere was killed[1510]. It is assumed that Æthelstan died before 853 as he is not named as having taken part in this second battle. Æthelstan had [one possible child]:
Medieval Lands cites:

     Unknown (?) married Aethelwulf (?) King of Wessex, son of Ecgberht (?) King of Wessex and Redburga (Raedburh) (?), circa 820
;
His 1st wife.¹
      ; Per Med Lands:
     ""ÆTHELWULF, son of ECGBERHT King of Wessex & his wife Redburga --- ([795/810]-13 Jan 858, bur Winchester Cathedral). The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle names Æthelwulf as son of Ecgberht[1486]. Kirby suggests[1487] that Æthelwulf could have been born as late as 810, although this would not be consistent with the supposed date of his father's marriage and is unlikely to be correct if Æthelstan (see below) was King Æthelwulf's son. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records that in 825 "Egbert king of Wessex…sent his son Æthelwulf…and Wulfheard his ealdorman to Kent with a great force" where they expelled King Baldred[1488]. "Æthelwulfi regis filii mei" was co-grantor of land at Canterbury to "Ciaba clericus" with "Ægberhtus rex occidentalium Saxonum" by charter dated 836[1489]. "Æthelwulf rex Cancie" was co-grantor of land in Kent with "Egberthus rex occident Saxonum pater meus" by charters dated [833/39] and 838 respectively[1490]. Under-King of Kent, Essex, Sussex and Surrey 825-839. He succeeded his father in 839 as ÆTHELWULF King of Wessex, crowned [later in 839] at Kingston-upon-Thames. Danish raids intensified during his reign. Great damage was done in Lindsey, East Anglia and Kent in 841, and Southampton was plundered in 842. Before 850, King Æthelwulf had settled the ancient dispute with Mercia about the lands to the west of the middle Thames by transferring Berkshire from Mercia to Wessex[1491]. He defeated a large Danish army south of the Thames at Aclea in 851 after it had stormed Canterbury and London and driven Burghred King of Mercia to flight[1492]. King Æthelwulf made a pilgrimage to Rome in 855, leaving the government in the hands of his son Æthelbald. At the request of Pope Benedict III, he made a public distribution of gold and silver to the clergy, leading men of Rome and the people[1493]. William of Malmesbury records that Æthelbald rebelled against his father during his absence and, after returning, King Æthelwulf abdicated part of his realm in Wessex in favour of his son to avoid civil war, continuing to rule in the other part of Wessex, Kent, Surrey, Sussex and Essex[1494]. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records the death of King Æthelwulf two years after returning from Rome and his burial at Winchester[1495].
     "[m] [firstly] ([815/20]) ---. There is no direct proof of this supposed first marriage. However, the likely birth date of King Æthelwulf's son Æthelstan suggests a substantial age difference with his brothers, indicating that he was probably not born from the same mother.
     "m [secondly] ([830/33]) OSBURGA, daughter of OSLAC Ealdorman of the Isle of Wight & his wife --- (-[852/55]). Asser names "Osburga…daughter of Oslac the famous butler of King Æthelwulf…a Goth by nation" as the mother of King Alfred, specifying that her father was descended from "the Goths and Jutes…namely of Stuf and Whitgar two brothers…who…received possession of the Isle of Wight from their uncle King Cerdic"[1496]. She is named as mother of King Alfred by Roger of Hoveden, who also names her father, specifying that he was "pincerna regis"[1497].
     "m [thirdly] ([Verberie-sur-Oise] 1 Oct 856) as her first husband, JUDITH of the Franks, daughter of CHARLES II "le Chauve" King of the West Franks & his first wife Ermentrudis [d’Orléans] ([844]-after 870). The Annales Bertiniani record the betrothal in Jul 856 of "Iudith filiam Karli regis" and "Edilvulf rex occidentalium Anglorum" after the latter returned from Rome and their marriage "Kal Oct in Vermaria palatio", during which "Ingmaro Durocortori Remorum episcopo" set a queen's diadem on her head[1498]. She and her father are named by Roger of Hoveden when he records her marriage to King Æthelwulf[1499]. Her husband placed her "by his own side on the regal throne", contrary to normal practice according to Asser, who also says that the subservient position previously given to the queen was adopted in Wessex after the reign of King Beorhtric because of the unpopular influence of his queen Eadburh of Mercia[1500]. Queen Judith married secondly ([858/59]) her stepson, Æthelbald King of Wessex. The Annales Bertiniani record the marriage of "Iudit reginam" and "Adalboldus filius eius [=Edilvulf regis]" in 858 after the death of her first husband[1501]. She eloped with her future third husband, Baudouin I Count of Flanders, around Christmas 861 and married him at Auxerre end-863. The Annales Bertiniani record that Judith returned to her father after the death of her second husband, lived at Senlis "sub tuitione paterna", and from there was abducted by "Balduinum comitem" with the consent of her brother Louis, her father consenting to the marriage the following year[1502]. Flodoard names "Balduini comitis et Iudita…Karoli regis filia, Edilvulfo regi Anglorum qui et Edelboldus in matrimonium"[1503].
     "[Mistress (1): ---. The uncertain nature of the precise relationship of King Æthelberht to the royal family is explained below, one of the possibilities being that he was an illegitimate son of King Æthelwulf by an unknown concubine.]
Medieval Lands cites:
For further information:

; Per Medieveval Lands:
     "ÆTHELWULF, son of ECGBERHT King of Wessex & his wife Redburga [m] [firstly] ([815/20]) ---. There is no direct proof of this supposed first marriage. However, the likely birth date of King Æthelwulf's son Æthelstan suggests a substantial age difference with his brothers, indicating that he was probably not born from the same mother."¹

     Reference: Genealogics cites: Caroli Magni Progenies, Neustadt an der Aisch, 1977 , Rösch, Siegfried. 177.¹ Konrad (?) de Bourgogne was living in 966.¹

     Adelaide de Bellay married Conrad I "The Peaceful" (?) King of Burgundy, son of Rudolf II (?) King of Upper Burgundy, King of Italy and Berthe (?) of Swabia,
; Wikipedia says yhay Adelaide was Conrad's 1st wife.^1,2
     EDV-33.

     Aline de Beaumont was born in 1102.¹
     Reference: Genealogics cites: Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag, Marburg, Schwennicke, Detlev (Ed.) 3:700.¹

     Gersende (?) married Gervais II de Château-du-Loir seigneur de Château-du-Loir, son of Robert I dit Brochard de Château-du-Loir seigneur de Château-du-Loir and Elisabeth (?), before 1097
;
His 2nd wife (per The Henry Project). The Henry Project cites: Cart. Château-du-Loir = Eugène Vallée, Cartulaire de Château-du-Loir (Archives Historiques du Maine 6, Le Mans, 1905). 32-3.²
     ; Per Med Lands:
     " GERVAIS [II] de Château-du-Loir ([1035/45][105]-[1095/97]). Son of "Rodberti cognomento Brochardi" according to Orderic Vitalis[106]. "Gervais de Chasteau-du-Loir" donated property to the abbey of Saint-Pierre-de-la-Cour du Mans for the health of his father Robert, Aymar his grandfather and archbishop Gervais his uncle by charter dated to [1055/65][107]. "Gervasius homo milicie seculari" donated the church of Saint-Guingalois "in pago Cenomannensi in Castello Ledi" to Marmoutier by charter dated [Sep 1067/23 Sep 1068], naming "pater meus Rotbertus et mater meus Elisabeth et uxor mea Aremburgis necnon et avus meus Amelinus et avia mea Hildeburgis et Gervasius Remorum archiepiscopus" with the consent of "matris mee omniumque fratrum meorum" and listing the monetary contributions of "matreque meu et fratres mei…mater mea Elisabet…Adam…Rotbertus…Gervasius clericus…"[108]. He succeeded his uncle as Seigneur de Château-du-Loir. "Domnus Gervasius" granted customs to “apud Sarciacum” to Château-du-Loir, at the request of “uxoris sue Garsendis”, by charter dated to [1095/97], subscribed by “Gervasius, Garsendis...”[109].
     "m firstly (before [Sep 1067/23 Sep 1068]) EREMBURGE, daughter of --- & his wife Mathilde (-4 Jun [1085/95]). "Gervasius homo milicie seculari" donated the church of Saint-Guingalois "in pago Cenomannensi in Castello Ledi" to Marmoutier by charter dated [Sep 1067/23 Sep 1068], naming "pater meus Rotbertus et mater meus Elisabeth et uxor mea Aremburgis necnon et avus meus Amelinus et avia mea Hildeburgis et Gervasius Remorum archiepiscopus" with the consent of "matris mee omniumque fratrum meorum" and listing the monetary contributions of "matreque meu et fratres mei…mater mea Elisabet…Adam…Rotbertus…Gervasius clericus…"[110]. "Gervasius de Castello Lit et Eremburgis uxor ipsius" made a donation to Saint-Vincent by charter dated 2 Jun [1085/95] which declares that "Mathildis mater ipsius Eremburgis" was present and specifies that Eremburgis was on her death bed[111]. "Gener suus...Cenomanice civitatis Helyas" confirmed a donation made to Saint-Guingalois “in castro...Ledi fondato” by “supradicti castri dominum Gervasium” to Château-du-Loir on the death of “uxor sua Eremburgis” by charter dated to [1097], subscribed by “...Garsendis uxor eiusdem Gervasii...”[112].
     "m secondly GARSENDE, daughter of --- (-after [1097]). "Domnus Gervasius" granted customs to “apud Sarciacum” to Château-du-Loir, at the request of “uxoris sue Garsendis”, by charter dated to [1095/97], subscribed by “Gervasius, Garsendis...”[113]. "Gener suus...Cenomanice civitatis Helyas" confirmed a donation made to Saint-Guingalois “in castro...Ledi fondato” by “supradicti castri dominum Gervasium” to Château-du-Loir on the death of “uxor sua Eremburgis” by charter dated to [1097], subscribed by “...Garsendis uxor eiusdem Gervasii...”[114]."
Med Lands cites:

     Ordoño Álvarez married Gontrodo "Sol" Rodriguez.¹

      ; Per Wikipedia: "Gontrodo's paternal grandparents were Diego Gutiérrez and Gotina Pérez,[2]and the maternal ones Ordoño Álvarez — alférez and descendant of Infante Ordoño Ramírez — and Gontrodo "Sol" Rodríguez.[3]"
Wikipedia cites: Torres Sevilla-Quiñones de León, Margarita (1999). Linajes Nobiliarios en León y Castilla (Siglos IX -XIII). Salamanca: Junta de Castilla y León, Consejería de Educación y Cultura. ISBN 84-7846-781-5. p. 106.¹

     Gontrodo "Sol" Rodriguez married Ordoño Álvarez.¹

     Gutierre Sebastiániz (?) married Gontrada Peres (?) de Asturias, daughter of Pedro Diaz (?) de Asturias and Maria Ordóñez (?), circa 1 March 1133.^1,2

      ; Per Med Lands:
     "GUTERRE Sebastiániz (-after 1137). Tenente de Aguilar. Alfonso VII King of Castile invested him with Entratgo, near the river Noreña, in Mar 1133, presumably in compensation for the king having taken his wife as concubine[87]. King Alfonso VII granted “villam...Entratgo...in Cangas circa flumen...Nuenna” to "Guterio Sebastiani" by charter dated 1 Mar 1133[88]. m GONTRODO Pérez, daughter of PEDRO Díaz & his wife María Ordóñez (-León 29 Jun 1186, Santa María de Vega near Oviedo). Gontrodo Pérez named her three supposed children by her marriage in documents in 1143 and 1147[89]. Florez reproduces the epitaph in the same monastery which records the death in 1186 of “Guntrodo”[90]. Gutierre & his wife had three children:
     "a) SEBASTIÁN Gutiérrez . Gontrodo Pérez named her three supposed children by her marriage in documents in 1143 and 1147[91]. 1153. Potestad in Cangas. m ---. The name of Sebastián's wife is not known. Sebastián & his wife had one child:
     "b) DIEGO Gutiérrez . Gontrodo Pérez named her three supposed children by her marriage in documents in 1143 and 1147[93]. Diego Gutiérrez made a donation for his wife's soul in 1147, in which he names his five children[94]. m MARÍA García, daughter of --- (-1147). Diego Gutiérrez made a donation for his wife's soul in 1147, in which he names his five children[95]. Diego & his wife had five children:
     "c) ALDONZA Gutiérrez . Gontrodo Pérez named her three supposed children by her marriage in documents in 1143 and 1147[101]."
Med Lands cites:

     Bernard IV de Melgueil married Guillemette de Montpelier, daughter of Guilhem V de Montpellier Seigneur de Montpellier and Ermessende de Melgueil, on 18 January 1121
; Per Med Lands: date of contract.^3,4
Bernard IV de Melgueil died in 1132 at St Chaffre-en-Velay.^1,3
      ; Per Med Lands:
     "BERNARD [IV] de Melgueil (-St Chaffre-en-Velay 1132). Comte de Melgueil. “Bernard coms de Melgor, fils de Marie” swore allegiance to “Guillelm de Montpesler fil d´Ermessens” by charter dated to [1122][495]. "Bernardi comitis Melgoriensis fili Mariæ" is named in his daughter's marriage contract dated 1132[496]. “Bernardus comes Melgorii et…Guillelma comitissa” donated property to the church of Saint-Romain de Melgueil by charter dated Sep 1128[497]. The testament of “Bernardus comes Melgorii” dated 1132 was made in the presence of “…comitissa avia mea…” and elects burial “ad monasterium S. Theofredi”[498].
     "m (contract 1120) GUILLEMETTE de Montpellier, daughter of GUILLAUME [V] Seigneur de Montpellier & his wife Ermesende ---. The marriage contract between “Guillelmus de Montepessulano…filia mea…Guillelmam” and “Raimundo Melgoriensi comiti” is dated 1120[499], (dated 18 Jan 1121 in the cartulaire of Maguelone[500]), "Raimundo" presumably being an error for "Bernardo". “Bernardus comes Melgorii et…Guillelma comitissa” donated property to the church of Saint-Romain de Melgueil by charter dated Sep 1128[501]."
Med Lands cites:

     Marie (?) married Raymond de Melgueil Comte de Melgueil, son of Pierre de Melgueil Comte de Melgueil and Almodis de Toulouse.^1,2

      ; Per Med Lands:
     "m MARIE, daughter of ---. Her marriage is confirmed by the charter dated to [1122] under which her son “Bernard coms de Melgor, fils de Marie” swore allegiance to “Guillelm de Montpesler fil d´Ermessens”[494]."
Med Lands cites: [494] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome IV, Preuves, LII, p. 383, and 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 479.I, col. 902.²

     Raymond de Melgueil Comte de Melgueil married Marie (?)^1,2

Raymond de Melgueil Comte de Melgueil died in 1120.^1,2
      ; Per Med Lands:
     "RAYMOND de Melgueil (-[1120]). "Petrus comes Melgoriensis" donated "comitatum Substantionem Quam episcopatum Magalonensem" to Pope Gregory VII, who regranted him the counties for life, by charter dated 27 Apr 1085, subscribed by "Adalmodis comitissa, Raymundus comes filius eius"[491]. Comte de Melgueil. Minor in 1085. A charter dated 8 Sep 1099 records an agreement between the bishop of Maguelone and "Raimundus Melgoriensis comes"[492]. Crusader 1109. "Raimundus comes Melgoriensis" made his testament "ire volens in Jerusalem" dated to [1110], naming "soror mea Adala", and referring to but not naming his wife and his son[493].
     "m MARIE, daughter of ---. Her marriage is confirmed by the charter dated to [1122] under which her son “Bernard coms de Melgor, fils de Marie” swore allegiance to “Guillelm de Montpesler fil d´Ermessens”[494]."
Med Lands cites:

     Guillemette de Montpelier married Bernard IV de Melgueil, son of Raymond de Melgueil Comte de Melgueil and Marie (?), on 18 January 1121
; Per Med Lands: date of contract.^7,3
Guillemette de Montpelier died in July 1149.³
      ; Per Med Lands:
     "GUILLEMETTE de Montpellier (-after Jul 1149). Under his testament dated 1121, "Guillelmi Montispessulani, filii Ermeniardis" specified the order of possible substitutions in case his sons died (in order) "Guillelmam filiam meam…Ermeniardem filiam meam…Adelaidem filiam meam"[786]. The marriage contract between “Guillelmus de Montepessulano…filia mea…Guillelmam” and “Raimundo Melgoriensi comiti” is dated 1120[787] (dated 18 Jan 1121 in the cartulaire of Maguelone[788]), "Raimundo" presumably being an error for "Bernardo". “Bernardus comes Melgorii et…Guillelma comitissa” donated property to the church of Saint-Romain de Melgueil by charter dated Sep 1128[789].
     "m (contract 18 Jan 1121) BERNARD [V] Comte de Melgueil, son of RAYMOND Comte de Melgueil & his second wife Marie --- (-St Chaffre-en-Velay 1132)."
Med Lands cites:

     Barbara Komnena married Sviatopolk II Mikhail Iziaslavich (?) Grand Prince of Kiev, son of Izyaslav Iaroslavich (?) Grand Prince of Kiev,
;
His 3rd wife.^1,2

     Repka (?) married Piast 'the Wheelwright' (?), son of Chostconis (?).^1,2,3

     GAV-32.

; Per Wikipedia:
     "Rzepicha (pronounced [???pixa]) (also Rzepka) was the wife of the semi-legendary Piast the Wheelwright (founder of the Piast dynasty) and the mother of Siemowit. She is mentioned in Gallus Anonymus' Polish Chronicle (Cronicae et gesta ducum sive principum Polonorum),[1] where her name is explicitly referred to twice.
Biography
According to Gallus Anonymus, she lived in the 9th century. Her ancestors are unknown. In the story described in the chronicle she keeps a house together with Piast and hospitably entertains two guests who came to Piast to celebrate their son's first haircut.
References
[1] Excerpts from Gallus Anonymus Chronicle in English language."³ Repka (?) was also known as Rzepicha (?)³

     Gunzelin (?) Markgraf von Meissen died after 1017.¹
      ; Per Med Lands: "GUNZELIN (-after 1017). Thietmar names "Gunzelin" as brother-in-law of Boleslaw I Prince of Poland, recording that the latter secured Meissen for him[155]. He succeeded his brother in 1002 as GUNZELIN Markgraf [von Meissen]. He was deposed in 1009 by King Heinrich II[156]."
Med Lands cites:

     Reference: Genealogics cites: Stammtafeln zur Geschichte der Europäischen Staaten, 4 volumes, Marburg, 1953, 1975., W. K. Prinz von Isenburg, Reference: I 23.¹

     Diepold II (?) Graf von Berg, Vogt von Urspring married Gisela von Andechs, daughter of Berthold I/IV von Diessen Graf von Andechs und von Plassenburg and Sophie (?) von Krain un Istrien.^3,1

Diepold II (?) Graf von Berg, Vogt von Urspring died between 1160 and 1165.¹
     Reference: Genealogics cites: Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag, Marburg, Schwennicke, Detlev (Ed.) 12:62.¹

     Gisela von Andechs married Diepold II (?) Graf von Berg, Vogt von Urspring, son of Heinrich I (?) Graf von Berg-Schelklingen and Adelaide (?) von Mochental.^1,6

Gisela von Andechs died after 1150.¹
     Reference: Genealogics cites:

     Ulrich I (?) Graf von Berg died between 1208 and 1214.¹
     Reference: Genealogics cites: Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag, Marburg, Schwennicke, Detlev (Ed.) 12:62.¹

     Ernst von Grögling Graf von Ottenburg married Liutgard (?) von Zähringen, daughter of Berchtold IV-I "the Bearded" von Zähringen Herzog von Zähringen, graf im Breisgau, Herzog von Kärnten, marchese di Verona and Richwara (?) von Schwaben, after 1078
;
Her 2nd husband; her 1st husband d. 1078.¹

     Piast 'the Wheelwright' (?) married Repka (?)^1,2,3

Piast 'the Wheelwright' (?) died circa 861.²
     GAV-32.

; Per Wikipedia:
     "Piast Ko?odziej (Polish pronunciation: [?p?iast k??w?d???j], Piast the Wheelwright; 740/1? – 861) was a semi-legendary figure in medieval Poland (9th century AD), the founder of the Piast dynasty that would rule the future Kingdom of Poland.[2]
Legend
     "Piast makes an appearance in the Polish Chronicle of Gallus Anonymus,[3] along with his father, Cho?cisko, and Piast's wife, Rzepicha.
     "The chronicle tells the story of an unexpected visit paid to Piast by two strangers. They ask to join Piast's family in celebration of the 7th birthday of Piast’s son, Siemowit (a pagan rite of passage for young boys). In return for the hospitality, the guests cast a spell making Piast's cellar ever full of plenty. Seeing this, Piast's compatriots declare him their new prince, to replace the late Prince Popiel.
     "If Piast really existed, he would have been the great-great-grandfather of Prince Mieszko I (c. 930–92), the first historic ruler of Poland, and the great-great-great-grandfather of Boles?aw Chrobry (967–1025), the first Polish king.
     "The legendary Piasts were native of Gniezno, a well fortified castle town founded between the eighth and ninth century, within the tribal territory of the Polanie.[4]
     "According to legend, he died in 861 aged 120 years.[1]
Aftermath
     "In over 1000 years of Polish history no one else bore the name Piast.[5]
     "Two theories explain the etymology of the word Piast. The first gives the root as piasta ("hub" in Polish), a reference to his profession. The second relates Piast to piastun ("custodian" or "keeper"). This could hint at Piast's initial position as a majordomo, or a "steward of the house", in the court of another ruler, and the subsequent takeover of power by Piast. This would parallel the development of the early medieval Frankish dynasties, when the Mayors of the Palace of the Merovingian kings gradually usurped political control.
References
1. Prichard, James C. (1836). Researches into the Physical History of Mankind. 1. London: Houlston and Stoneman. pp. 11–5 ff.
2. Norman Davies (23 August 2001). Heart of Europe: The Past in Poland's Present. Oxford University Press. p. 249. ISBN 978-0-19-280126-5. Retrieved 29 February 2012.
3. Excerpts from the Gallus Anonymus' chronicle, PL: Gimnazjum.
4. Dzi?cio?, W. (1966). The origins of Poland. London: Veritas.
5. [1] No person bore the name Piast."²

; Per Med Lands:
     "The land which later became Poland was the original home of the Slav people. The migration of populations to and from the area crystallised in the 7th century[1]. Their territory remained outside the sphere of Frankish influence although, according to Dzi?cio?, there is little surviving historical and archaeological evidence relating to Poland before the second half of the 9th century[2]. The Slavs living in the area produced their own leadership in the 9th century, the Vistulans, Polanians, Mazovians and Pomeranians emerging as the most important tribes in the northern Slavic lands[3]. However, early references to these peoples in primary source documentation are scarce. For example, Einhard's Annales record a council at Frankfurt in 822 attended by legates from "orientalium Sclavorum, id est Abodritorum, Soraborum, Wiltzorum, Beheimorum, Marvanorum, Prædenecentorum et in Pannonia residentium Avarum"[4], which does not appear to include any representatives from the area which was later to become Poland.
     "The Vistulan state held extensive territory in southern Poland around Krakow, Tyniec and Wislica. It was eventually overrun by Moravia and its deposed leader was baptised by St Methodius[5]. The Polanian state was formed in the first half of the 9th century in the area where the towns of Gniezno and Poznan were founded, with the Gopleani (in the Goplo region) and the Lendizi developing as its two political entities[6]. After Moravia was overrun by the Hungarians in 906, the Polanians extended their authority over parts of the former Vistulan state[7]. The Popiel family, ruling dynasty of the Gopleani, were replaced by the house of Piast who came from the Gniezno region and were of native peasant origin[8]. The Chronicæ Polanorum records "in civitate Gneznensi…dux nomine Popel" who had two sons[9]. Dzi?cio? dismisses the theory, prevalent among 19th century Polish historians, that the Piast family were of Norman origin[10]. The dynasty failed to extend its control to western Pomerania which had developed autonomously to the north-west, but its authority was accepted by eastern or Vistulan Pomerania, centred on Gdansk[11]. After Bohemia conquered Krakow and Silesia following the defeat of the Hungarians by Otto I King of Germany at Lechfeld in 955, the Polanian state absorbed the region of Sandomierz and land on the upper Bug and upper Dniester rivers[12].
     "Poland, composed of all these areas and united under its Piast rulers, emerged as a stable political entity in the second half of the 10th century. The conversion of Poland to Christianity in 966 reinforced the unity of the new nation state.
     "Before Boles?aw III Prince of Poland died in 1138, he arranged a division of his lands between his five surviving sons, which marked the dissolution of the centralised Polish state which was to persist until the early 14th century. Poland was reunited when W?adys?aw Prince of Kujavia reasserted control over all the Polish territories, with the exception of Silesia, and was crowned king of Poland as W?adys?aw I in 1320."
Med Lands cites:

; Per Med Lands:
     "PIAST, son of CHOSTCONIS & his wife [Repka ---]. The Annales Polanorum state that "Chosiscko genuit Peast"[13]. The Chronicæ Polanorum add his mother's name, stating "hospitii domestici Pazt filius Chostconis et uxor eius Repca"[14] but, as stated below, this contradicts the Annales Polanorum which state that Repka was Piast's wife[15]. Dzieciol highlights a "plausible theory" that Piast was maior domus in the palace of the Popiel rulers before seizing power, although there is no evidence of this in the chronicles[16].
     "m [REPKA], daughter of ---. According to the Annales Polanorum, which state that "Peast genuit Semovith de domna Repeka", Repka was the wife of Piast[17]. The Chronica principum Polonie records that "Kosiskonis filius…Past" married "mulier quedam Repisa"[18]. The Chronicæ Polanorum, on the other hand, suggests that she was Piast's mother, referring to "hospitii domestici Pazt filius Chostconis et uxor eius Repca"[19].
     "Piast & his wife had one child: Med Lands cites: