Person Page - 337

     Athildis (?) died WFT Est. Bef. 100.¹ She was born WFT Est. Bef. 100.¹

     Cole (?) I was born WFT Est. Bef. 100 at Rome, Città Metropolitana di Roma Capitale, Lazio, Italy.¹ He married an unknown person WFT Est. Bef. 127.¹

Cole (?) I died in 170 at Britain.¹

     Senator Tonantius (II) Ferreolus married Industria (?)⁵
Senator Tonantius (II) Ferreolus was born circa 450.⁶
Senator Tonantius (II) Ferreolus died after 517.⁶
      ; This is the same person as:
"Tonantius Ferreolus (senator)" at Wikipedia and as
"Tonantius Ferreolus (sénateur)" at Wikipédia (Fr.)^7,6 GAV-39. Senator Tonantius (II) Ferreolus was also known as Tonance II Ferréol.⁶

; Per Stone (2000) Chart 50-4: "...vir clarissimus; a senator of Narbonne; visited by his cousin St. Apollinaris of Valence in 517."
from Stone (2000): "Letter written during the 460's by Sidonius Apollinaris to his friend Donidius (Epistulae, 119, translated by Hodgkin): He was Senator of Gaule narbonnaise
See attached map of Gaule narbonnaise in the 5th century (from Wikipédia (Fr.): Par User:Feitscherg — Travail personnel, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=42753) between 479 and 517.^6,8

     Industria (?) married Senator Tonantius (II) Ferreolus, son of Prefect Tonantius (I) Ferreolus and Papianilla (?).¹

     GAV-40 EDV-41 GKJ-41.

     Prefect Tonantius (I) Ferreolus married Papianilla (?)^4,5
Prefect Tonantius (I) Ferreolus was born in 415 at Nîmes, Gard, Occitanie, France (now).⁶
Prefect Tonantius (I) Ferreolus died in 486.⁶
     GAV-41 EDV-42 GKJ-42.

; Per Wikipedia:
     "Tonantius Ferreolus (c. 390 – 475)[1] was the praetorian prefect of Gaul (praefectus praetorio Galliarum) from 451.
Life
     "Tonantius Ferreolus lived in the Gard valley on his estate of Prusianum and possessed additional estates at Segondum in Rodez. His father was Ferreolus, Tribune of Gaul, Roman Senator[2]. His father and his uncles[who?] were famous[why?], and at least one of his ancestors during the 4th century was a patrician.[3] He was either "personally related to" or "connected through (...) relatives" with Sidonius Apollinaris, but see below. His mother was a clarissima femina and daughter of Flavius Afranius Syagrius, Consul in 382.[4]
     "As praetorian prefect of Gaul he was instrumental in organizing Gaul for the successful defence against the invasion of Attila and the Hun army. At the same time he diplomatically restrained the Patrician and Magister Militum Flavius Aetius from levying excessive taxes against the people of the Gallic Prefecture, receiving public acclaim for his efforts. Following the defeat of the Huns by a Roman-Gothic alliance, Ferreolus resisted the attempts of Visigothic king Thorismund to take advantage of the situation to obtain more territory or privileges in 452–453 when that king besieged Arles. He was associated with Thaumastus and Petronius in conducting the impeachment of Arvandus, a successor in the Gallic Prefecture who had behaved extortionately toward the people of Gaul and who had written a letter to Visigothic King Euric encouraging that monarch to break with his allegiance to Emperor Anthemius and partition Gaul with the Burgundians, presumably with Arvandus' connivance. This prosecution was successful in obtaining a conviction though Arvandus was reprieved, to some extent, it would appear, though the good offices of Sidonius Apollinaris, from execution and he was merely exiled.[5] Ferreolus was apparently living a life of religious contemplation after 469 though there is no indication he ever took orders.[3] He is the first clearly attested historical person bearing either the name Ferreolus or Tonantius - there are two much earlier martyrs of the name. However his father's marriage into the Syagrii and his own patrician ancestry suggest that the family was well known and powerful under a different name or names during the third and fourth centuries at least. The family was to retain considerable importance and exert considerable influence in Gaul for over a century and perhaps two after the fall of the Roman Empire.
     "He had married Papianilla, herself clarissima femina, born c. 415, a niece of Emperor Avitus and the first cousin of another Papianilla, wife of Sidonius Apollinaris,[6] and they had many children, among whom Tonantius Ferreolus.[3] She was a partner who shared his troubles, according to Sidonius.[4] Tonantius Ferreolus had at least three sons: Tonantius Ferreolus who was a Gallo-Roman Senator at Narbonne, Ruricius who became Bishop of Uzes between Probatius and Firminus and at least one son whose name is not attested. It is not known whether he had any daughters or whether more than these two sons survived to adulthood.[7]
     "He had issue:
** Tonantius Ferreolus (senator)
** Unattested son.
** Unattested daughter married to Aspasius of Auch.
99 Ruricius (d. 506, 507 or shortly after 507), Bishop of Uzès. He was called Bishop of Uzes in the Life of Firminus[8] and based on the existence of "Ruricius of Uzes" of the Life of Firminus, Stanford Mommaerts and Prof. David Kelley postulated that "Ruricius of Uzes" was a brother of Tonantius, a son of Papianilla, wife of the elder Tonantius and that Ruricius of Limoges was her brother and Tonantius' uncle. This is still the position of a significant number of researchers[9] however Mathisen[10] and Settipani[11] have concluded that the octogenarian Bishop Ruricius referred to in the Life of Firminus is in fact Ruricius of Limoges. Settipani has suggested that Papianilla was the sister of Hiberia, wife of Ruricius of Limoges and daughter of Gallo Roman Senator Ommatius of Clermont.[12] Given that a Ferreolus would succeed Ruricius and his descendants to the Episcopal chair of Limoges and commission the epitaphs of Ruricius I and II (hence he was a kinsman and probably a descendant),[13] it is likely there are aspects of the relationship between the Ruriciids and Ferreoli that are not yet explained by either theory.
References
1. "Tonantius I Ferreolus, Prefect of Gaul b. Est 390 d. 475 : Cumberland Family Software". www.cft-win.com. Retrieved 2018-02-24.
2. "Ferreolus, Tribune of Gaul, Roman Senator b. Est 420 d. 453 : Cumberland Family Software". www.cft-win.com. Retrieved 2018-02-24.
3. Martindale, 1980, p. 466.
4. Sidonius Apollinaris, 1915
5. Martindale, 1980, p. 157.
6. Settipani 1991, p. 196, 218.
7. Mathisen, 1979, p. 56, 75
8. Mathisen, 1979, p. 56
9. Mommaerts and Kelley, 1992, pp. 111-114.
10. Mathisen, 1999, p.44.
11. Settipani, 2002, pp. 11-14.
12. Settipani, 1991, pp. 198-199.
13. Mathisen, 1999, p. 48.
Sources
** Sidonius Apollinaris, The Letters of Sidonius (Oxford: Clarendon, 1915), pp. clx-clxxxiii
** Settipani, Christian. "Ruricius, premier évêque de Limoges et ses alliances familiales." Francia, 18 (1991).
** Martindale, J. R., "The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire, Volume II AD 395 - 527", Cambridge University Press, 1980.
** Mathisen, Ralph Whitney. "The Ecclesiastical Aristocracy of Fifth Century Gaul: A Regional Analysis of Family Structure." Doctoral Dissertation, University of Wisconsin. University Microfilms (1979)."⁵

Reference: Genealogics cites: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists who came to America bef. 1700, Baltimore, 1995, Weis, Frederick Lewis; Sheppard, Walter. 156.²

; Per Stone [2000] Chart 50-3: "Praefectus Praetorio Galliarum, 451-452/3, during which time Attila the Hun was defeated at the Battle of the Catalaunian Plains (Chalons); a Gallo-Roman senator with two know estates, Prusianum (on the Gardon, near Nimes) and Trevidos (perhaps near Rodez). His diplomacy ended the siege of Arles by the Visigothic king Thorismodus. He served in Rome in 469 as a delegate to the trial of Arvandus."⁴ He was living in 451.² He was Praefectus Praetorio Galliarum (Praetorian Prefect of Gaul) between 451 and 453.^4,5

     Papianilla (?) married Prefect Tonantius (I) Ferreolus, son of (?) Ferreolus and NN Syagria Clarissima femina.^1,2

      ; This is the same person as "Papianilla (wife of Tonantius Ferreolus)" at Wikipedia.³ GAV-41 EDV-42 GKJ-42.

;      Stone (2000) Chart 50-3: "...clarissima femina, a relative of Sidonius Apollinaris's wife Papianilla (a daughter of the emperor Avitus); Ferreolus's wife was a partner who shared his troubles, according to Sidonius."
     Tonatius Ferreoulus' Wikipedia article: "He had married Papianilla, herself clarissima femina, born c. 415, a niece of Emperor Avitus and the first cousin of another Papianilla, wife of Sidonius Apollinaris,[6] and they had many children, among whom Tonantius Ferreolus.[3]"
Wikipedia cites:

     Flavius Afranius Syagrius was born circa 340.¹
      ; Per Genealogics:
     "Flavius Afranius Syagrius (floruit 369-382) was a Roman politician and administrator. He was a member of the Gallic-Roman aristocratic family of the Syagrii, which originated in Lyon. In the same years in which Flavius Afranius lived, another Syagrius is attested (he was consul in 381), but it is not always possible to distinguish the career of the two Syagrii.
     "In 369 he is attested as _notarius;_ in that year the Roman Emperor Valentinian I removed him from his office after a failed military operation, and Afranius dedicated himself to private life.
     "He continued his career under Emperor Gratian, possibly because of his friendship with the poet Ausonius. Afranius was _magister memoriae_ in 379, when a Theodorus succeeded him. However, that same year he became Proconsul of Africa. Between 18 June 380 and the spring of 382 he is attested as Praetorian prefect of Italy. In 381 he was also _praefectus urbi_ of Rome and Consul in 382.
     "A daughter with the rank of a _clarissima femina_ ('most illustrious woman') and her husband, named as Ferreolus, would have a son Tonantius Ferreolus, Praetorian Prefect of Gaul."¹

; Per Wikipedia:
     "Flavius Afranius Syagrius (fl. 345–382 CE) was a Roman politician and administrator.
Life
     "Afranius was a member of the Roman aristocratic family of the Syagrii, which originated in Lyon.[1] In the same years in which Afranius lived, another Syagrius is attested (he was consul in 381), but it is not always possible to distinguish the career of the two Syagrii.
     "In 369 he is attested as notarius; in that year the Roman Emperor Valentinian I removed him from his office after a failed military operation, and Afranius dedicated himself to private life.
     "He continued his career under Emperor Gratian, possibly because of his friendship with the poet Ausonius. Afranius was magister memoriae in 379, when some Theodorus succeeded him. Between June 18, 380, and August of 382 he is attested as Praetorian prefect of Italy.[1] In 381 he was also praefectus urbi of Rome and Consul in 382.
See also
** Afrania (gens): https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrania_(gens)
** Tonantius Ferreolus (prefect), maternal grandson: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonantius_Ferreolus_(prefect)
References
1. Olszaniec, Szymon. Prosopographical studies on the court elite in the Roman Empire (4th century A. D.), Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Miko?aja Kopernika, 2013 ISBN 9788323131434
Sources
** Potter, David Stone, The Roman Empire at Bay: Ad 180-395, Routledge, 2004, ISBN 0-415-10057-7, pp. 545–546."²

Reference: Stone [2000] Chart 50-1.³ GAV-43 EDV-44 GKJ-44. He was living between 345 and 382.² He was Praefectus urbi of Rome in 381 at Rome, Città Metropolitana di Roma Capitale, Lazio, Italy (now).^2,1 He was Consul of Rome in 382.^4,2

     Pons II Guillaume (?) comte de Toulouse, Albi & Dijon was born between 995 and 997; Stone [2000] says b. ca 990; Med Lands says b. 995/997.^11,6 He married Marjorie/Mayor (?) before 14 September 1037
;
His 1st wife.^2,1,6 Pons II Guillaume (?) comte de Toulouse, Albi & Dijon married Almodis de La Marche, daughter of Bernard I (?) Comte de La Marche, chatelain de Bellac, avoue de Charroux and Aina/Amelia de Montignac, circa 1040
;
Her 2nd husband; his 2nd wife; Leo van de Pas says m. before 29 Jun 1053; Toulouse 1 page says m. 1044/45; J Bunot says m. 1040; Med Lands says m. 10 45.^{11,1,2,3,4,12,13,6} Pons II Guillaume (?) comte de Toulouse, Albi & Dijon and Almodis de La Marche were divorced before 1053.^4,13
Pons II Guillaume (?) comte de Toulouse, Albi & Dijon died circa 1060; Leo van de Pas says d. ca 1061; Toulouse 1 page says d. 1061; J Bunot sayd d. 1060.^11,14,1,2,3
Pons II Guillaume (?) comte de Toulouse, Albi & Dijon was buried circa 1060 at Basilique Saint-Sernin de Toulouse, Toulouse, Departement de la Haute-Garonne, Midi-Pyrénées, France; From Find A Grave:
     BIRTH     unknown, Toulouse, Departement de la Haute-Garonne, Midi-Pyrénées, France
     DEATH     1060, Toulouse, Departement de la Haute-Garonne, Midi-Pyrénées, France
[Text copied from Wikipedia]
     Family Members
     Spouse
          Almodis de la Marche unknown–1071
     BURIAL     Basilique Saint-Sernin de Toulouse, Toulouse, Departement de la Haute-Garonne, Midi-Pyrénées, France
     Maintained by: Anne Shurtleff Stevens
     Originally Created by: Jerry Ferren
     Added: 16 Jan 2012
     Find a Grave Memorial 83516518.¹⁵
     ; Per Racines et Histoire (de La Marche): "Almodis de la Marche + 16/10/1071 (ass. par Pierre Raymond) (citée donation de Pons de Toulouse à Cluny 29/06/1053)
     ép. 1) (répud.) Hugues V «Le Pieux», seigneur de Lusignan (fils d’Hugues IV «Le Brun», seigneur de Lusignan, et d’Auliarde de Thouars)
     ép. 2) 1045 (répud. dès 1053) Pons II, comte de Toulouse ° 991 + 1060 (fils de Guillaume III «Taillefer», comte de Toulouse, et d’Emma de Provence)
     ép. 3) 1053 Ramon Berenguer «El Viejo», conde de Barcelona ° 1023 + 26/05/1076 (fils de Berenguer Ramon «El Curvo», comte de Barcelone, et de Sancha Sanchez de Castille)"

[See Note Per Med Lands].¹⁶

Reference: Genealogcis cites:

; Per Genealogy.EU: "[2m.] Cte Pons II Guillaume de Toulouse (1037-61), +1061; 1m: before 1037 Marjorie N; 2m: 1044/45 (div before 1053) Almodis, dau.of Cte Bernard de la Marche"

[See Note Per Med Lands].²

; Per Med Lands:
     "PONS GUILLAUME de Toulouse, son of GUILLAUME III "Taillefer" Comte de Toulouse & his second wife Emma de Provence ([995/97]-1060, bur Toulouse, Saint-Sernin). "Wilelmus comes Tholose" donated "villam…Pertusus…in regno Provinciæ in pago Aquense" to the monastery of Saint-Pierre de Psalmody by charter dated 999 which names "Emam uxorem eius et…filios eorum…Raimundum et Aialricum et Pontium et Bertrannum"[385]. "Emma comitissa et filius meus Pontius" donated property to Saint-André d´Avignon by charter dated Nov 1024[386]. "Willelmus comes Provincie et uxor mea…Lucia" donated property to Saint-Victor, Marseille by charter dated 1030, signed by "Poncius comes, filius Tolosani, Bertrannus frater eius"[387]. He succeeded his father in 1037 as PONS Comte de Toulouse. "Poncius comes Tolosanus" founded the priory of Vigan, with the support of "Bertrannus Heleziars et Ava uxor eius…", by charter dated to [1050] and reproduced in a charter dated 12 Jan 1261[388]. "Poncius Tolosanus urbis comes" recorded the union of the abbey of Moissac with the abbey of Cluny, with the advice of "uxoris meæ Adalmodis comitissæ", by charter dated 29 Jun 1053[389]. The dating clause of a charter dated 1060 refers to "Tolosanorum Pontio palatino comite"[390].
     "m firstly (before 14 Sep 1037) MAYOR, daughter of --- (-1044 or before). "Poncius" donated property to "sponse mee Maiore" at the time of their marriage by charter dated 14 Sep 1037, signed by "Willelmo patri suo, Bertramno…"[391]. Pérez de Urbel[392] suggests that the name "Majorie" (by which she is known in French sources) is similar to "Mayor" which may indicate a connection with Castile or Navarre. He proposes that she was Mayor Sánchez de Navarra, daughter of Sancho III King of Navarre & his wife Munidomna Mayor de Castilla . If this is correct, Mayor would have been a child at the time of her marriage, assuming that this did indeed take place in [1022]. Although this origin is not impossible, it does seem unlikely that such a prominent origin of the wife of Comte Pons should not have been recorded in contemporary sources.
     "m secondly ([1045] repudiated 1053 after 29 Jun) as her second husband, ALMODIS de la Marche, repudiated wife of HUGUES V "le Pieux" Seigneur de Lusignan, daughter of BERNARD I Comte de la Marche & his wife Amelia --- (-murdered 1071). The Chronicle of Saint-Maxence records the marriage of "Almodim…sororem Audeberti comitis de Marcha" and "Pontius comes Tolosanus", specifying that she was previously the wife of "Hugo Pius de Liziniaco" from whom she was separated for consanguinity and that afterwards she married "Raimundo Barcinonensi"[393]. "Poncius Tolosanus urbis comes" recorded the union of the abbey of Moissac with the abbey of Cluny, with the advice of "uxoris meæ Adalmodis comitissæ", by charter dated 29 Jun 1053[394]. She married thirdly (1053 after 29 Jun) Ramón Berenguer "el Viejo" Conde de Barcelona. She was murdered by her stepson Pedro Ramón de Barcelona.
     "[m thirdly as her first husband, Infanta doña SANCHA de Aragón, daughter of don RAMIRO I King of Aragon & his first wife Gerberge [Ermesenda] de Foix (-[5 Apr/16 Aug] 1097, bur Monastery of Santa Cruz, transferred 1622 to Benedictine convent of Jaca[395]). The Crónica de San Juan de la Peña names "Sancha…et…Teresa" as the two daughters of King Ramiro and his wife "la filla del Comte de Bigorra nombrada Hermissenda et por baptismo Gelberda", stating that Sancha married "al Comte de Tolosa"[396]. This marriage has not been confirmed by other primary sources. The Crónica is an unreliable source regarding many genealogical details and it is suggested the marriage be treated with caution until it can be corroborated elsewhere.]
     "Comte Pons & his first wife had [one] child.
     "Comte Pons & his second wife had four children."
Med Lands cites: GAV-25 EDV-25 GKJ-27. Pons II Guillaume (?) comte de Toulouse, Albi & Dijon was also known as Pons (?) Count de Toulouse.¹⁴

; Per Wikipédia (Fr.):
     "Pons Guillaume de Toulouse († 1060), également nommé Pons II1 est un comte de Toulouse, d’Albi, d’Agen et du Quercy de 1037 à 1060. Il était fils de Guillaume III, comte de Toulouse, et d’Emma, comtesse de Provence.
Biographie
     "Il succède à son père en 1037, et hérite de la totalité de ses biens. Son frère Bertrand n’héritera de la Provence que bien plus tard, vers 1062, après la mort d’Emma. Sa première épouse, Majore, lui apporte des biens et des droits sur l’Albigeois et le Nîmois. En 1038, il partage l’évêché d’Albi avec Bernard Aton Trencavel. Sa politique d’acquisition est à l’origine de la puissance de la maison de Toulouse qui connaîtra un plein épanouissement avec le règne de son fils cadet Raymond de Saint-Gilles2.
     "Il apparaît ensuite dans une charte de donation de 1040 en faveur de Cluny, puis une charte de Moissac de 1047 le qualifie de comte palatin. Il meurt en 1063 à Toulouse et est inhumé dans l’église Saint-Sernin. Son testament lègue toutes ses possessions à son fils Guillaume, en précisant que s'il venait à mourir sans fils, le tout reviendrait à son dernier fils Raymond.
Mariages et enfants
     "Il épouse en premières noces une Marjorie († 1044) dont on ne sait pas grand-chose, si ce n’est qu’elle lui apporte en dot des droits sur l’Albigeois et le Nîmois. Pérez de Urbel propose de l’identifier à Major de Navarre, fille de Sanche III, roi de Navarre et de Munia Major, comtesse de Castille, mais le silence des sources contemporaines rend peu probable cette hypothèse d’une origine royale. De ce mariage est né :
     "Veuf, il se remarie avec Almodis de la Marche († 1071), épouse d'Hugues V, seigneur de Lusignan, (dont le mariage est annulé pour cause de consanguinité) , et fille de Bernard Ier, comte de la Marche, et d'Amélie. De ce mariage sont nés :
Annexes
Bibliographie
** (en) Foundation for Medieval Genealogy : Pons Guillaume comte de Toulouse [archive].
** (fr) Jean-Luc Déjean, Les comtes de Toulouse (1050-1250), Fayard, 1979 (réimpr. 1988) [détail des éditions] (ISBN 2-213-02188-0), p. 23 à 26.
** (en) Cet article est partiellement ou en totalité issu de l’article de Wikipédia en anglais intitulé « Pons, Count of Toulouse » (voir la liste des auteurs).
** (de) Cet article est partiellement ou en totalité issu de l’article de Wikipédia en allemand intitulé « Pons (Toulouse) » (voir la liste des auteurs).
Notes et références
1. un de ses prédécesseurs, le comte Raymond III Pons, est aussi nommé Raymond Pons Ier.
2. (Déjean 1979, p. 23 et 24).
3. D. Schwennicke, Europäische Stammtafeln, vol. III, Marbourg, 1984-2002, p. 768.
4. J-R. Magné & J-R. Dizel, Les Comtes de Toulouse, Paris, Christian, 1992.
5. Certaines sources le qualifient d'abbé de Saint-Gilles, puis de Cluny, mais cette affirmation est sans fondement (voir en page de discussion).
6. Brian Golding, « Robert, count of Mortain (d. 1095) », Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004."

[See Note Per Med Lands]¹⁸

; Per Racines et Histoire (de La Marche): "2) Pons II Guillaume de Toulouse + 1060/61 comte de Toulouse (1037), marquis de Gothie
ép. 1) avant 1037 Marjorie + 1044 ou peu avant (peut-être Mayor Sanchez de Navarra, fille de Sancho III, Roi de Navarre, et de Munidomna Mayor de Castilla ou encore parente des Rois de Pamplune ?)
ép. 2) 1044/45 (div. 1053 après 29/06) Almodis de La Marche + 1071 (ass.par Pedro Ramon de Barcelona) (fille de Bernard 1er, comte de la Marche, et d’Aina de Montignac ; répudiée de Hugues V «Le Pieux» de Lusignan ; ép. 3) 1053 après 29/06) Ramon Berenguer «El Viejo», conde de Barcelona) (citée donation à Cluny 29/06/1053)"

[See Note Per Med Lands].¹⁹
; Per Bunot email: Guillaume III, comte de Toulouse (+ after 1037) m. (1) Arsinde d'Arles (d/o Guillaume and Arsinde de Comminges), two sons Henri and Raymond (both + young); m. (2) 1008/21, Emma de Provence (+ 1029/30), an heiress, she also introduced the name Bertrand inherited from the Gevaudan family (d/o Roubaud II and Ermengarde, himself s/o Roubaud I and Emnilde de Gevaudan), two sons Pons-Guillaume/Pons II and Bertrand apanaged in Provence”.⁹
; NB: There is some disagreement about the existence of a son Pons for Pons II, and whether Pons, the son, or Pons II, the father, married the Infanta Sancha Ramirez of Aragon.
[:TAB:]Genealogics shows the son Pons as marrying the Infanta. Genealogics cites: Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag, Marburg, Schwennicke, Detlev (Ed.) 3/4:763.
     Racines et Histoire (Toulouse) also shows the son Pons as marrying the Infanta. No sources are cited.
     Genealogy.EU shows the son Pons marrying the Infanta: "[1m.] Pons, +1063; m.Sancha of Aragon (+1072)"
     Med Lands shows Pnos II as Marying the Infanta as his 3r wife and furthermore: "[PONS de Toulouse (-1063). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Pons was the oldest son of Pons Comte de Toulouse according to Europäische Stammtafeln[397] but is not mentioned in Magné & Dizel[398]. The latter describes the succession of the brothers Guillaume IV and Raymond IV on the death of their father in 1060. If Pons the younger did exist, it is not clear why he would have been excluded from the succession. His existence is extremely doubtful.]." Med Lands cites:
     Wikipédia (Fr.) questions the existence of Pons the son (as does Med Lands), but does not mention any marriage to the Infanta by either father or son: "Pons le jeune († 1063). L'existence de ce fils et surtout sa date de décès (deux ans après la mort de son père) posent problème. En effet, on ne comprend pas pourquoi son père ne le mentionne pas dans son testament, qui pourtant voit à long terme, car il prépare la succession du premier fils de son second mariage. Aucun document contemporain ne mentionne Pons le Jeune, dont l'existence apparaît dans les Europäische Stammtafeln3 mais n'est pas mentionné par Magné et Dizel4."
Wikipédia (Fr.) ciites:
3. D. Schwennicke, Europäische Stammtafeln, vol. III, Marbourg, 1984-2002, p. 768.
4. J-R. Magné & J-R. Dizel, Les Comtes de Toulouse, Paris, Christian, 1992.
As there is no descent from this son, I have shown it as Genealogics does, but make a point with this Note. GA Vaut

[See Note Per Med Lands].^{20,6,18,21,22,23} He was Comte de Toulouse between 1037 and 1060.^2,18

     Aina/Amelia de Montignac was born circa 985.⁷ She married Bernard I (?) Comte de La Marche, chatelain de Bellac, avoue de Charroux, son of Audebert I de La Marche Comte de La Marche et du Périgord and Adalmode de Limoges.^{8,7,9,10,11,12}

Aina/Amelia de Montignac died in 1072; Med Lands says d. 1053.^8,7,12
     GAV-26.

; Per Stone email [2005]:     "Jean Bunot shows the wife of Bernard I, comte de La Marche (ca 974 - 1038/47) to have been "Amelie d'Angouleme", dau. of Hilduin II, comte d'Angouleme.
     "Leo van de Pas cites ES (II:29 and III:819), to show Bernard's wife as "Anina/Amelia de Montignac", dau. of Geraud de Montignac.
     "per Don Stone: [quote] Christian Settipani (in an sgm posting dated 4 Sept. 1998) says that the assignment of Amelia to the de Montignac family is an error of J. Depoin. CS says he thinks she may be Amelia d'Angouleme.
     "More recently, he covers the counts of la Marche in _La noblesse du Midi carolingien_ (2004) on pp. 176-180. The specific parentage given by JBunot is Hypothesis 2 re the genealogy of Amelia, shown with a dotted/dashed line in the charts on pp. 179-180; Adelaide (167 above) had a sister Amelia (Hypothesis 1 is that it is this sister Amelia de Fronsac who married Bernard, Count of la Marche; her mother was Deda de Montignac).
     "(Hope I got this right; I'm rushing because I'm just about to leave on vacation.)¹³"

Reference: Genealogics cites: Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag Marburg., Detlev Schwennicke, Editor, Reference: II 69; III 819.³ Aina/Amelia de Montignac was also known as Amelie d'Angouleme.⁹

; NB: There is disagreement concerning the parents of Aina/Amelia:
     Racines et Histoire says "fille d’Hilduin II, comte d’Angoulême et d’Alauzie de Gascogne"
     Genealogics says she is the dau. of Géraud de Montignac and Nonia de Granol
     Don Stone, in a 2005 posting on Gen-Medieval mail list wrote:
     Med Lands doesn't identify her parents.
I have chosen to follow the lineage shown in Racines et Histoire, as supported by Settipani (as described in Stone's email). GA Vaut.^{14,13,3,12,15}

; Per Racines et Histoire: "Bernard (Bernat) de la Marche ° 991/93 + entre 1038 et 16/06/1047 comte de La Marche (~ 1003/12, succède à son oncle)
     ép. Amelia (d’Angoulême ?) (fille d’Hilduin II, comte d’Angoulême et d’Alauzie de Gascogne.)¹⁴"

     Audebert I de La Marche Comte de La Marche et du Périgord married Adalmode de Limoges, daughter of Géraud (?) vicomte de Limoges and Rothilde (?) de Brosse, in 990
;
Her 1st husband.^{8,9,4,10,11,3,12,1,13}
Audebert I de La Marche Comte de La Marche et du Périgord was buried in October 997 at Abbaye Saint-Sauveur de Charroux (in ruins), Charroux, Departement de la Vienne, Poitou-Charentes, France; Med Lands says Aldebert is buried here. Find A Grave has only one record for the Abbaye Saint-Sauveur de Charroux (Hugh l'Abbe de St Quentin.)^1,14,13
Audebert I de La Marche Comte de La Marche et du Périgord died in October 997 at near Gençay, France (now);
Killed by an arrow in the siege of Gencay; Med Lands says "killed in battle Charroux."^8,3,4,1
      ; Per Genealogics:
     "Aldebert I was the son of Boson I 'le Vieux', comte de La Marche, and Emma de Perigueux. From about 975 he was count of La Marche. He succeeded his father in his possessions in the border area ('La Marche') of the Limousin up to the border of Berry, and was the first of the family to carry the title of Count (Comitis Marchia).
     "Shortly after the death of his father, he and his older brother Elie I, comte de Périgord, were captured by Guido, vicomte de Limoges, with whose family they were enemies. While Elie was able to escape in the same year, Aldebert had to endure a long confinement. Following the early death of his brother he also became comte de Périgord. Probably in the year 989 he concluded a peace with Guido when he married his sister, and it may have been on this occasion that he was recognised as count of the Borderland (comte de La Marche). The peace allowed the convening, on 1 June 989, of a council of the Aquitaine clergy in the abbey of Charroux, whose patrons were the sons of Boson I 'le Vieux'. This council dealt first with the introduction of peace agreement in the Aquitaine region to counter the state of feudal anarchy. The Peace Council was convened a second time in Limoges in 994.
     "Disregarding the council, Aldebert and his younger brother Boson II pursued a feud with Guillaume V-VII, duke of Aquitaine, comte de Poitou, who was actually their liege lord. At the end of 995/start of 996 they allied themselves against him with Foulques III 'Nerra', comte d'Anjou. Aldebert first attacked Gençay and destroyed it in order to move on Poitiers, and on the way he defeated an army of the duke that had been sent to stop him. Then he combined his forces with those of Anjou, and together they captured Tours in March 996. This provoked a reaction in the spring of 997 by King Robert II, who launched a counteroffensive in league with the duke of Aquitaine and count of Blois, and drove Foulques and Aldebert out of Tours. On this occasion the king was said to have asked Aldebert who had appointed him a count. Aldebert was said to have responded with: who had made Robert II king? This illustrated the lack of respect for the young Capetian dynasty among the Aquitanian nobility.
     "Aldebert and his brother continued the conflict with the duke. In the summer of 997 he again attacked the rebuilt Gençay, but he was mortally wounded by an arrow. He was buried in the abbey of Charroux.
     "Aldebert was succeeded by his son Bernard I, though initially Aldebert's brother Boson II took over the counties of La Marche and Périgord."

[See Note Per Med Lands]⁴

Reference: Genealogics cites: Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag Marburg., Detlev Schwennicke, Editor, Reference: III 819.⁴

; Per Wikipedia (Fr.):
     "Aldebert (ou Adalbert) Ier est un des quatre comtes de la Marche portant le nom Aldebert, et qui tous vécurent du xe au xie siècle.
Biographie
     "Il s'empara de Poitiers et de Tours, vers 990.
     "Il est tué d'une flèche en 997 lors du siège de Gençay, et inhumé à Charroux1.
     "Le chroniqueur du Moyen Âge Adémar de Chabannes rapporte cet échange entre le roi Hugues Capet et Aldebert Ier: lorsque ce dernier refuse de lever le siège de Tours, le roi le rappelle à l'ordre en lui demandant « Qui t'a fait comte ? », Aldebert répond alors avec insolence « Qui t'a fait roi ? »2,3.
Notes et références
1. Généalogie des maisons de la Marche [archive] sur racineshistoire.free.fr [PDF].
2. Nouveau Larousse illustré, 1907-1910, 1er volume, p. 171.
3. « Qui t'a fait roi ? », contexte et explication de la citation [archive] sur citations.savoir.fr.
Annexes
Articles connexes
** Liste des comtes de la Marche: https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste_des_comtes_de_la_Marche
** Comté de la Marche: https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marche_(province)"

[See Note Per Med Lands].¹⁵

; Per Med Lands:
     "AUDEBERT [I] de la Marche, son of BOSON [I] "le Vieux" Comte de la Marche & his wife Emma de Périgueux (-killed in battle Charroux 997, bur Charroux Monastery). The Chronicle of Saint-Maxence names "Audeberti comitis Marchiæ…filius Bernardi, qui fuit Audeberti, qui fuit Bosonis, qui Sulpicii, qui fuit Godfredi primi comitis de Karrofo"[22]. The Chronicle of Adémar de Chabannes names "Bosonis vetuli de Marca" as father of "Helias Petragoricensi comite", specifying that he and "fratre suo Aldeberto" were captured by Guy Vicomte de Limoges and imprisoned "in castro Montiniaco" and that Audebert was held for a long time "in turre civitatis Lemovicæ"[23]. The Chronicle of Adémar de Chabannes names "Aldebertus comes…Petragoricensis" as son of "Bosonis Vetuli ex sorore Bernardi…Emma"[24]. He succeeded his father [before 974] as Comte de la Marche . He succeeded [after 975] as Comte de Périgord, inherited from his mother's family. The Miracula Sancti Bernardi names "Hildebertus…Bosonis filius", stating that he inherited "ex materni avi successione comitatum Petragoricæ urbis"[25]. "Guilelmi comitis, Aldeberti comitis, Guidoni vicecomitis, Ecfridi vicecomitis, Geraldi vicecomitis, Bosoni fratris vicecomitis…" subscribed the charter dated 20 Apr 991 under which "Guilelmus…dux Aquitaniensium" granted rights to the abbey of Nouaillé[26]. "Hildeberti comitis…" subscribed the charter dated Dec 992 under which "Willelmus Aquitanorum comes et dux et uxor mea Hemma et filius noster equivocus Willelmus" donated property to Saint-Maixent[27]. He invaded the county of Poitou with the intention of dispossessing Guillaume II Comte de Poitou, captured Gençais and threatened Charroux. He died from an arrow wound received at Gençais, from where he was carried to Charroux[28]. The Chronicle of Adémar de Chabannes records that "Aldebertus comes…Petragoricensis" captured "Gentiaco…castro" but died from an arrow wound at "sancto Carrofo" where he was taken[29].
     "m ([990]) as her first husband, ADALMODE de Limoges, daughter of GERAUD Vicomte de Limoges & his wife Rothilde de Brosse. The Chronicle of Adémar de Chabannes records that "Aldebertus frater [Helias Petragoricensi comite]" married "sorore Widonis vicecomitis"[30]. Ademar records the second marriage of "Adalmode coniuge…Aldeberti" to Duke William[31]. The Chronicle of Petrus Malleacensis records that Adalmodis was wife of Boson Comte du Périgord and daughter of "Candida", for whom Duke Guillaume promised to expand "fluvium Rhodanum Regni" in return for marrying her daughter[32], but this is inconsistent with the other sources. According to the Chronicle of Maillezais, Adalmode was the daughter of Adelais d'Anjou (presumably by her first husband Etienne de Brioude/Gévaudan), and also widow of Boson Comte du Périgord (brother of Comte Audebert [I], whom he survived by several years). Thierry Stasser has shown that this is incorrect[33]. After her first husband was killed, Adalmode sought refuge in the château de Rochemeaux but was forced to surrender by Poitevin forces[34]. She married secondly ([997]) as his first wife, Guillaume V Duke of Aquitaine [Guillaume III Comte de Poitou][35]."
Med Lands cites: Audebert I de La Marche Comte de La Marche et du Périgord was also known as Aldebert I Comte de La Marche & Perigord.^16,17 GAV-27 EDV-28 GKJ-29.

; Per Racines et Histoire: "Adalbert 1er (Audebert, Hildebert) +X 997 (Charroux, d’une flèche reçue au siège de Gençay) comte de La Marche (dès 975) et de Périgord (après 975, par sa mère) (capturé et emprisonné avec son frère par Gui, vicomte de Limoges, au château de Montignac ; témoin charte don 12/992 à Saint-Maixent du duc Guillaume d’Aquitaine) envahit le comté du Poitou pour en déposséder Guillaume II, prend Gençay et menace Charroux
     ép. ~976 ? Adalmodis (alias Almodis) de Limoges + après 1005 (fille de Géraud, vicomte de Limoges, + 988, et de Rothilde de Brosse ; réfugiée au château de Rochemeaux à la mort de son mari, prise par les Poitevins ; ép. 2) 997 Guillaume V «Le Grand», duc d’Aquitaine (III de Poitou) + 31/01/1030 à Maillezais.)¹³"

; Per Racines et Histoire: "Adalbert 1er (Audebert, Hildebert) +X 997 (Charroux, d’une flèche reçue au siège de Gençay) comte de La Marche (dès 975) et de Périgord (après 975, par sa mère) (capturé et emprisonné avec son frère par Gui, vicomte de Limoges, au château de Montignac ; témoin charte don 12/992 à Saint-Maixent du duc Guillaume d’Aquitaine) envahit le comté du Poitou pour en déposséder Guillaume II, prend Gençay et menace Charroux
     ép. 990 (ou ~976 ?) Adalmodis de Limoges + après 1005 (fille de Géraud, vicomte de Limoges, et de Rothilde de Brosse ; réfugiée au château de Rochemeaux à la mort de son mari, prise par les Poitevins ; ép. 2) 997 Guillaume V «Le Grand», duc d’Aquitaine (III de Poitou.)¹⁸)" He was Comte de La Marche and Périgord
(See attached map of French counties ca 1154 from Wikipedia: By Reigen - Own work.Sources :Image:France 1154 Eng.jpg by Lotroo under copyleftfrance_1154_1184.jpg from the Historical Atlas by William R. Shepherd, 1911., CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=37306574) after 975.^3,19 He was Comte de La Marche et Périgord (See attached map of the counties of France c 1154 from Wikipedia: By Reigen - Own work.Sources :Image:France 1154 Eng.jpg by Lotroo under copyleftfrance_1154_1184.jpg from the Historical Atlas by William R. Shepherd, 1911., CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=37306574) between 988 and 997.¹⁹

     Adalmode de Limoges married Audebert I de La Marche Comte de La Marche et du Périgord, son of Boson/Boso I "le Vieux" (?) Comte de La Marche and Emma/Aina (?) de Perigueux, in 990
;
Her 1st husband.^{6,1,7,8,9,2,3,10,5} Adalmode de Limoges married Guillaume III (V) "le Grand" (?) Duke of Aquitaine, Comte de Poitou, son of Guillaume II (IV) 'Fier à bras' (?) Comte de Poitiers, Duc d'Aquitaine and Emma de Blois Comtesse de Poitiers, circa 997
;
His 1st wife; her 2nd husband.
NB: There is some disagreement as to which "Almodis" Guillauime married:
     Genealogics says she was Almodis de Gévaudan, dau. of Etienne I de Brioude.
     Med Lands and Racines et Histoire say he m. Adalmode (Almodis) de Limoges, dau. of Geraud, Vcte de Limoges.
I have chosed to follow the Med Lands/Racines et Histoire proposals.^{11,12,13,8,14,3,5}
Adalmode de Limoges died after 1005.^11,13,5
Adalmode de Limoges died between 1007 and 1011.⁶
     ; Per Genealogy.EU (Poitou): "F1. Guillaume III (V) "le Grand", Duke of Aquitaine (995-1030), Ct of Poitou, *ca 969, +Maillezais 31.1.1030; 1m: ca 997 Almodis de Gevaudun (+after 1005); 2m: 1011 Sancha de Gascogne (+ca 1018); 3m: 1019 Agnes de Bourgogne (*ca 995 +9.11.1068.)¹⁵"

; Per Racines et Histoire: "Adalbert 1er (Audebert, Hildebert) +X 997 (Charroux, d’une flèche reçue au siège de Gençay) comte de La Marche (dès 975) et de Périgord (après 975, par sa mère) (capturé et emprisonné avec son frère par Gui, vicomte de Limoges, au château de Montignac ; témoin charte don 12/992 à Saint-Maixent du duc Guillaume d’Aquitaine) envahit le comté du Poitou pour en déposséder Guillaume II, prend Gençay et menace Charroux
     ép. ~976 ? Adalmodis (alias Almodis) de Limoges + après 1005 (fille de Géraud, vicomte de Limoges, + 988, et de Rothilde de Brosse ; réfugiée au château de Rochemeaux à la mort de son mari, prise par les Poitevins ; ép. 2) 997 Guillaume V «Le Grand», duc d’Aquitaine (III de Poitou) + 31/01/1030 à Maillezais.)⁵"

; Per Racines et Histoire: "Adalbert 1er (Audebert, Hildebert) +X 997 (Charroux, d’une flèche reçue au siège de Gençay) comte de La Marche (dès 975) et de Périgord (après 975, par sa mère) (capturé et emprisonné avec son frère par Gui, vicomte de Limoges, au château de Montignac ; témoin charte don 12/992 à Saint-Maixent du duc Guillaume d’Aquitaine) envahit le comté du Poitou pour en déposséder Guillaume II, prend Gençay et menace Charroux
     ép. 990 (ou ~976 ?) Adalmodis de Limoges + après 1005 (fille de Géraud, vicomte de Limoges, et de Rothilde de Brosse ; réfugiée au château de Rochemeaux à la mort de son mari, prise par les Poitevins ; ép. 2) 997 Guillaume V «Le Grand», duc d’Aquitaine (III de Poitou.)¹⁶)"

; William the Great's first known wife (and he seems to have been around thirty years old when she first occurs, so that like her he might have been married before) was Almodis, the widow of Audebert I, count of La Marche and Périgord. Her parentage is not certain - apart from the speculation linking her to the family of Gévaudan, another only relates her to them by mariage as a daughter of Géraud, viscount of Limoges.⁸

; Per Med Lands:
     "ADALMODE de Limoges . The Chronicle of Adémar de Chabannes records that "Aldebertus frater [Helias Petragoricensi comite]" married "sorore Widonis vicecomitis"[647]. Ademar records the second marriage of "Adalmode coniuge…Aldeberti" to Duke William[648]. The Chronicle of Petrus Malleacensis records that Adalmodis was wife of Boson Comte du Périgord and daughter of "Candida", for whom Duke Guillaume promised to expand "fluvium Rhodanum Regni" in return for marrying her daughter[649], but this is not consistent with the other sources. According to the Chronicle of Maillezais, Adalmode was the daughter of Adelaide d'Anjou (presumably by her first husband Etienne de Brioude/Gévaudan), and also widow of Boson Comte du Périgord (brother of Comte Audebert [I], whom he survived by several years). Thierry Stasser has shown that this is incorrect[650].
     "m firstly ([990]) AUDEBERT [I] Comte de La Marche et du Périgord, son of BOSON [I] "le Vieux" Comte de La Marche & his wife Emma de Périgueux (-killed in battle near Gençay 997, bur Carroux).
m secondly ([997]) as his first wife, GUILLAUME V Duke of Aquitaine [GUILLAUME III Comte de Poitou], son of GUILLAUME IV "Fier-à-Bras" Duke of Aquitaine [GUILLAUME II Comte de Poitou] & his wife Emma de Blois ([969]-Maillezais 31 Jan 1030, bur Maillezais, Abbaye de Saint-Pie)."
Med Lands cites:

Reference: Genealogics cites: Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag Marburg., Detlev Schwennicke, Editor, Reference: III 819.¹⁷ GAV-27 EDV-28 GKJ-29. Adalmode de Limoges was also known as Adalmodis/Almodis de Limoges.^18,5

     Boson/Boso I "le Vieux" (?) Comte de La Marche was born circa 920; Racines et Histoire says b. ca 920; Genealogics says b. ca 915.^3,6 He married Emma/Aina (?) de Perigueux, daughter of Bernard (?) Comte de Perigord and Berthe (?), circa 945.^{7,8,2,3,6,5,9}

Boson/Boso I "le Vieux" (?) Comte de La Marche died before 974.^3,5
     Reference: Genealogics cites:

; Per Genealogics:
     "Boson was a lord in medieval Aquitaine at the end of the 10th century, He is the progenitor of the House of Périgord, which established the counts of La Marche and Périgord.
     "According to the Chronicle of Saint-Maixent, Boson was the son of Sulpice, who was in turn the son of Godefroy, comte de Charroux, so that the noble house he established is sometimes called the 'House of Charroux.' Godefroy may have been a patron of this abbey, a role also attributed to his descendants.
     "Around 950 Boson controlled the border region of the Limousin, known as La Marche, up to Berry lying to its north. He had the castle of Bellac built, around which he and his descendants planned to build their own sphere of control, the historical province of La Marche. Giraud, vicomte du Limousin, was his worst enemy in this endeavour, against whom he won his southern neighbour Guillaume I, comte de Périgueux, as an ally by marrying his daughter Emma de Périgueux. About 974 Boson began an open struggle against Giraud by attacking the castle of La Brosse in the northern Limousin. He hoped in vain for the approval of his liege lord Guillaume II-IV 'Fier à bras', duc d'Aquitaine, comte de Poitou. Giraud and his son Guido led a counter-attack that forced Boson to cancel the siege.
     "Boson and Emma had several sons of whom Aldebert and Boson II are recorded with progeny, Aldebert as the founder of counts of La Marche and Boson II as the founder of the counts of Périgord. Elie I succeeded Boson I but did not have progeny, Gauzbert was blinded on the orders of Guillaume II-IV 'Fier à bras' and became a monk, and Martin became bishop of Périgueux.
     "When Boson died is not known, though he was probably alive in 974."⁶



; Per Wikipedia (Fr.):
     "Boson Ier de la Marche1 dit « le Vieux » fut comte de la Marche extraite de la vicomté de Limoges pour renforcer la lutte contre les Anglais et les Normands.
     "Selon la chronique de Saint-Maixent, il est le fils du comte Sulpice et petit-fils de Geoffroy, premier comte de Charroux (c'est-à-dire de la Marche dont Charroux était alors le chef-lieu) de la Marche et lui succède à sa mort. Il est qualifié comte de la marche dans une charte de 944, devient le successeur des enfants de Bernard dans le comté de Périgord, et meurt à une époque incertaine. De par son mariage avec Aina (Emma), fille du comte Bernard d'Angoulême et de Périgord, il devint également comte de Périgord. Il eut cinq fils et partagea ses terres entre les trois aînés :
     "La Marche et le Périgord étant divisés par la Vicomté de Limoges, cela donna lieu à de nombreux affrontements.
Notes et références
1. Boson Ier le Vieux sur le site Médiéval Lands [archive]: http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/ANGOULEME.htm#BosonIlaMarchediedbefore974."¹⁰



; Per Med Lands:
     "BOSON [I] "le Vieux" (-before 974). The Chronicle of Adémar de Chabannes names "Bosonis vetuli de Marca" as father of "Helias Petragoricensi comite"[10]. The Chronicle of Saint-Maxence names "Audeberti comitis Marchiæ…filius Bernardi, qui fuit Audeberti, qui fuit Bosonis, qui Sulpicii, qui fuit Godfredi primi comitis de Karrofo"[11]. Comte de la Marche. “Droticus” donated “æcclesiam in pago Lemovicensi in proprio alodo...ad Turrim...sancti Salvatoris” to Limoges Saint-Etienne, in the presence of “seniorum meorum Rainaldi...vicecomitis et Bosonis marchionis” [the latter presumably identified as Boson [I] Comte de la Marche], by charter dated Aug 958[12].
     "m AINA [Emma] de Périgord, daughter of [BERNARD [I] Comte d'Angoulême et de Périgord & his first wife Berthe ---]. Ademar names "sorore Bernardi…Emma" as wife of "Bosonis Vetuli" and mother of "Aldebertus comes…Petragoricensis"[13], although this appears difficult to sustain chronologically given the likely birth date range of Bernard in [892/95] and the likely death date of Bernard's father Guillaume in [918]. It is more likely that "sorore" was an error for "filia", unless Aina was Bernard's uterine sister by an unidentified second marriage of his mother. If Aina was the daughter of Bernard, her naming one of her sons Gausbert suggests that his first wife was her mother, Bernard's son Gausbert being one of his older children, no doubt also born from this first marriage.
     "Comte Boson [I] & his wife had five children"
Med Lands cites:

Reference: Stone [2000] Chart 72-6.⁷ GAV-28 EDV-29 GKJ-30.

; Per Racines et Histoire: "Boson 1er «Le Vieux» ° ~920 + avant 974 (ou 988 ?) comte de La Marche
     ép. ~945 Aina (Emma) de Périgord ° ~930 (fille de Bernard 1 er, comte d’Angoulême et de Périgord, et de Berthe.)¹¹"

He was living in 958; mentioned.⁶ He was count of La Marche and count of Périgord (See attached map of French counties ca 1154 from Wikipedia: By Reigen - Own work.Sources :Image:France 1154 Eng.jpg by Lotroo under copyleftfrance_1154_1184.jpg from the Historical Atlas by William R. Shepherd, 1911., CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=37306574) between 958 and 988.¹²

     Emma/Aina (?) de Perigueux was born circa 930.^2,5 She married Boson/Boso I "le Vieux" (?) Comte de La Marche, son of Sulpice (?) and NN de Limoges, circa 945.^{6,1,7,8,9,10,2}

Emma/Aina (?) de Perigueux died after 998.²
      ; Per Racines et Histoire: "Boson 1er «Le Vieux» ° ~920 + avant 974 (ou 988 ?) comte de La Marche
     ép. ~945 Aina (Emma) de Périgord ° ~930 (fille de Bernard 1 er, comte d’Angoulême et de Périgord, et de Berthe.)⁵"



; Per Med Lands:
     "[AINA [Emma] ([930]-after 988). Ademar names "sorore Bernardi…Emma" as wife of "Bosonis Vetuli"[176], although this appears difficult to sustain chronologically given the likely birth date range of Bernard in [892/95] and the likely death date of Bernard's father Guillaume in [918]. It is therefore probable that "soror" was an error for "filia", unless Aina was Bernard's uterine sister by an unidentified second marriage of his mother. If Aina was the daughter of Bernard, her naming one of her sons Gausbert suggests that his first wife was her mother, Bernard's son Gausbert being one of his older children, no doubt also born from this first marriage.
     "m BOSON [I] "le Vieux" Comte de la Marche, son of Comte SULPICE & his wife [--- de Limoges] (-before 974).] "
Med Lands cites: [176] Ademari Historiarum III.34, MGH SS IV, p. 131.²

;      NB: Med Lands says that Guillaume had 3 children, but only names one, a son, Bernard. Genealogics only names one child, a dau., Emma. Racines et Histoire (both Marche and Angoulême pages) say Guillaume had Bernard and "autres fils" (other sons). The Racines et Histoire Marche and Med Lands pages show Emma as the dau. of Betrand, not his sister. Med Lands does not show Emma as either the dau. of Guillaume or of Bernard.
     Genealogics has no birth or death dates for Emma. Racines et Histoire (Marche) says she was born c 930. Given this date and the fact that Guillaume seems to have died ca 918-920. I have chosen to show her as the dau. of Bertrand. GA Vaut.^{11,3,4,12,13,2}

Reference: Genealogics cites: Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag Marburg., Detlev Schwennicke, Editor, Reference: III 819.¹⁴ Emma/Aina (?) de Perigueux was also known as Emma/Aina de Perigord.¹ GAV-28 EDV-29 GKJ-30.

     Guillaume I (?) Comte de Perigueux et d'Agen married Regilinda (?) de Toulouse, daughter of Raimond I (?) Comte et Marquis de Toulouse, Comte de Rouergue et Comte de Quercy and Berta/Bertheis (?), in 892.^9,10,11,8,4

Guillaume I (?) Comte de Perigueux et d'Agen died in 918; Racines et Histoire says d. 918; Stone and Genealogics say d. 920.^9,8,11
     ;      NB: Med Lands says that Guillaume had 3 children, but only names one, a son, Bernard. Genealogics only names one child, a dau., Emma. Racines et Histoire (both Marche and Angoulême pages) say Guillaume had Bernard and "autres fils" (other sons). The Racines et Histoire Marche and Med Lands pages show Emma as the dau. of Betrand, not his sister. Med Lands does not show Emma as either the dau. of Guillaume or of Bernard.
     Genealogics has no birth or death dates for Emma. Racines et Histoire (Marche) says she was born c 930. Given this date and the fact that Guillaume seems to have died ca 918-920. I have chosen to show her as the dau. of Bertrand. GA Vaut.^{12,4,11,8,13,14}

Reference: Genealgocis cites:

; Per Med Lands:
     "GUILLAUME (-[918]). The Chronicle of Adémar de Chabannes names "Alduinus et Villelmus" as the two sons of Vulgrin, and in a later passage recording that Guillaume inherited Périgord and Agen[473]. The Historia Pontificum et Comitum Engolismensis names “Aldouino quidem Engolismam, Guillermo vero et Agennum” as the sons of “Vulgrinus”[474]. He succeeded as Comte de Périgueux et d'Agen.
     "m ([892]) REGILINDIS, daughter of [RAYMOND I Comte de Toulouse & his wife Berthe ---] ([860/65]-). Her marriage and family origin is confirmed by the Historia Pontificum et Comitum Engolismensis which records that [her son] “Bernardo, nepote Odonis” killed “Lambertus vicecomes et Rannulfus frater eius”[475]. The identification of “Bernardo” is confirmed by the Chronicle of Adémar de Chabannes which records the same incident, clarifying that Bernard was the son of Guillaume Comte de Périgord[476]. Settipani suggests that it is more likely that this "Odonis" was Eudes Comte de Toulouse than Eudes King of France[477]. An act at Angoulême dated 907/908 states her name[478].
     "Comte Guillaume [I] & his wife had three children."
Med Lands cites:

; Per Racines et Histoire:
(Périgord) "Guillaume + 918 comte de Périgord (de Périgueux) et d’Agen (886)
(Angoulême) "Guillaume + 918 comte de Périgord et d’Agen (886)
Guillaume I (?) Comte de Perigueux et d'Agen was also known as William (?) Count of Perigord & Agen. GAV-30 EDV-30 GKJ-31.

     Regilinda (?) de Toulouse was born between 860 and 865.⁴ She married Guillaume I (?) Comte de Perigueux et d'Agen, son of Vulgrin I (?) Comte d'Angoulême et de Perigord and Regelindis (Roselinde) (?) de Septimanie, comtesse d'Agen, in 892.^5,4,6,7,8

      ; Per Med Lands:
     "[REGILINDIS ([860/65]-). Her marriage and family origin is confirmed by the Historia Pontificum et Comitum Engolismensis which records that [her son] “Bernardo, nepote Odonis” killed “Lambertus vicecomes et Rannulfus frater eius”[227]. The identification of “Bernardo” is confirmed by the Chronicle of Adémar de Chabannes which records the same incident, clarifying that Bernard was the son of Guillaume Comte de Périgord[228]. Settipani suggests that it is more likely that this "Odonis" was Eudes Comte de Toulouse than Eudes King of France[229].
     "m ([892]) GUILLAUME I Comte de Périgueux et d’Agen, son of VULGRINUS Comte d'Angoulême & his wife Regelindis d'Autun (-[918]).] "
Med Lands cites:

; Per Racines et Histoire: GAV-29 EDV-30 GKJ-31. Regilinda (?) de Toulouse was also known as Reglindis de Toulouse.⁴

      ; Per Med Lands: "[TOTA . The Historia Abbatiæ Condomensis records that “Soror Principis Sanctii…Tota” donated property after taking “possessionem sancti Petri…Tamvilla”[127]. Tota’s parentage is not without doubt but it is a reasonable assumption that “Principis Sanctii” refers to Comte Sancho Garcia.]"
Med Lands cites: [127] Historia Abbatiæ Condomensis, Spicilegium, Tome II, p. 597.¹

     Marie (?) de Limoges married Ebles I (?) Vicomte de Ventadour, son of Archambaud II de Turenne Vcte de Comborn and Rotburga (?) de Rochechouart,
; his 1st wife.^2,3
      ; Leo van de Pas cites: Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag Marburg., Detlev Schwennicke, Editor, Reference: III 765.¹

     Regelindis (Roselinde) (?) de Septimanie, comtesse d'Agen was born in 842.⁵ She married Vulgrin I (?) Comte d'Angoulême et de Perigord, son of Vulfard (?) Comte de Flavigny and Susanna (?) of Paris, between 860 and 863.^9,10,4,5

Regelindis (Roselinde) (?) de Septimanie, comtesse d'Agen died between 896 and 901.⁹
     GAV-30 EDV-31 GKJ-32.

Reference: Genealogics cites: Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag Marburg., Detlev Schwennicke, Editor, Reference: III 713, 817.⁴

; per Leo van de Pas: "Her parentage is not certain, nor is her first name."¹ Regelindis (Roselinde) (?) de Septimanie, comtesse d'Agen was also known as Regelindis d'Autun.⁴

; Per Racines et Histoire:
     (Périgord) "Vulgrin + 03/05/886 investi par Charles II «Le Chauve» des comtés d’Angoulême et de Périgord à la mort d’Emenon (866) (cité charte 02/11/889 donation à Saint-Benoît-sur-Loire en mémoire de ses parents) ép. ?"
     (Angoulême) "Wulgrin 1er ° ~830 + 03/05/886 «missus» en Aquitaine, investi par Charles II «Le Chauve» des comtés d’Angoulême, Périgueux et Agen à la mort d’Emenon (866) (cité charte 02/11/889 donation (ou confirmation d’une donation de Vulfard ?) à Saint-Benoît-sur-Loire, en mémoire de ses parents)
ép. 860/63 Sancie (alias Regelindis, Roselinde) de Septimanie, comtesse d’Agen ° ~842 (fille de Bernard, comte de Septimanie à Toulouse, et de Dhuoda de Gascogne ; soeur de Guillaume) (citée et ° dès 842/44.)^11,5"

     Bernard/Bernhard (?) Comte d'Autun, Marquis de Septimanie, comte dde Barcelona was born between 795 and 800; Med Lands says b. 795.^1,3 He married Dhuoda/Doda (?) de Gascogne, daughter of Wernher (?) and Rotlint (?), on 24 June 824 at Aachen (Aix La Chapelle), Stadtkreis Aachen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany.^7,2,8,1,3

Bernard/Bernhard (?) Comte d'Autun, Marquis de Septimanie, comte dde Barcelona died in 844 at Aachen (Aix La Chapelle), Stadtkreis Aachen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany (now); executed; Med Lands says Jan/Jun 844.^7,1,3
     GAV-31 EDV-32 GKJ-33. He was briefly Chamberlain of Louis the Pious.⁷

; This is the same person as:
”Bernard of Septimania” at Wikipedia and as
”Bernard de Septimanie” at Wikipédia (Fr.)^9,10

Reference: Genealogics cites:

; Per Genealogics:
     “Bernard or Bernat was born about 795, the son of Guilhem (canonised in 1006), count of Toulouse, probably by his first wife Kunigunde. He was the Frankish duke of Septimania and count of Barcelona from 826 to 832 and again from 835 to his execution. He was appointed to succeed his fellow Frank, Rampon. During his career, he was one of the closest counsellors of the Emperor Louis 'the Pious', a leading proponent of the war against the Moors, and opponent of the interests of the local Visigothic nobility.
     “Bernard was indisputably a count (comes) of Barcelona and several other counties over the course of his long career. He also appears in the chronicles with the title duke (dux), though the extent to which this was a military designation is obscure. He is sometimes retrospectively referred to by historians as a margrave _(marchio)._ Bernard is first attested in historical records as one of four sons in a document of his father Guilhem dating to 14 December 804 dealing with the foundation of the monastery of Gellone.
     “Bernard married Dhuoda (Dhuoda Sanchez), possibly daughter of Sancho I of Gascony (Sancho Loupez), on 29 June 824 in Aachen. By her he had two sons, and a daughter Regelindis who would have progeny.
     “Bernard must have inherited land in the area around Toulouse from which he expanded his power to become count around 826. He first attracted attention by quelling the local revolt of a nobleman named Aisso, who was perhaps a Gothic lieutenant of the deposed Bera, count of Barcelona. The garrisons of the castles in the area, which had been favourable to Bera, joined Aisso in a revolt against the new count. Only the castle of Roda de Ter, in the county of Ausona, resisted and was subsequently destroyed by Aisso. From his newly-occupied territory, Aisso attacked the county of Cerdanya and the region of the Vallès. The young count Bernard requested and received some help from the emperor, as well as from some local _hispani_ (probably Gothic noblemen). To counter these reinforcements, Aisso sent his brother to request help from Abd ar-Rahman II, emir of Córdoba, the only potential ally powerful enough to threaten the Franks. Abd ar-Rahman sent the general Ubayd Allah Abu Marwan to Zaragoza in May 827, from whence he invaded the territory of Barcelona, reaching the city itself in the summer. He besieged it and ransacked its environs, but failed to take it.
     “When the emperor learned of these raids, he ordered his second son Pepin, then king of Aquitaine, and the counts Hugues of Tours and Matfrid of Orléans to recruit an army against the Muslims, but recruitment was slow. By the time the army arrived, Abu Marwan had already returned to Muslim territory, taking Aisso and his followers with him (in late 827).
     “This reprieve, seen as a victory, greatly increased Bernard's prestige. Though the ravaged county of Ausona, a dependency of Barcelona, remained depopulated into the mid-ninth century, its ruin was attributed to the late arrival of Hugues and Matfrid. Both counts were dispossessed of their counties at the assembly of Aachen in 828. At that assembly Orléans was granted to Odo and Bernard's brother Gaucelm received the fiefs of Conflent and Rasez. As Leibulf of Provence had died in the spring, his vast dominions - Narbonne, Béziers, Agde, Melgueil, Nîmes, and probably Uzès - were assigned to Bernard. From his wide collection of _honores_ in Septimania, Bernard took the title 'Duke of Septimania'. In another assembly, at Ingelheim in June, a reprisal raid into Cordoban territory was considered, but although an army was gathered in Thionville, it did not enter the lands controlled by Bernard as the risk of Muslim raiding seemed to have declined.
     “In August 829 the emperor sent his son Lothair to Pavia to wear the Iron Crown. Louis summoned Bernard to replace his son at court, granting him the title of _camerarius_ or chamberlain and the custody of young Charles, then just duke of Alsace, Alemannia, and Rhaetia, but later destined to be the king of West Francia. Bernard delegated the government of his counties to his brother Gaucelm, who thereupon took the title _marchio_ or margrave.
     “After only a few months at court, Bernard had made many enemies. Indeed, he was the prime catalyst for the revolt of Lothair the following year. Thegan of Trier, in his _Gesta Hludowici,_ recorded that Bernard was accused of having an illicit relationship with the empress, Judith of Bavaria, but considered these rumours to be lies. Nevertheless, these rumours provoked a riot in the army gathered at Rennes to fight the Bretons in April 830. His life under threat, as the three elder children of Louis supported the opposition against him, Bernard abandoned the court and, according to the _Annales Bertiniani,_ returned to Barcelona. His brother Eribert, who had remained at court, was banished. Bernard was deprived of the county of Autun which he had sometime before been granted.
     “At an assembly in Nijmegen in October 830, the emperor recovered his authority after a brief civil war with his sons. Subsequently in another assembly, at Aachen in February 831, he proceeded to a divide the empire, giving Gothia to Charles, although the division would not be effective until his death. Bernard attempted to regain favour with Judith and Charles, but they avoided renewing relations with him after his fall from grace. At the Assembly of Thionville, October 831, Bernard spoke personally with the emperor, but could not regain his previous position at court. In response, Bernard reversed his previous loyalties and sided with the emperor's enemies.
     “In November 831, Pepin of Aquitaine revolted against his father. While Berengar 'the Wise', count of Toulouse, advised him against such a course of action, Bernard encouraged it. In early 832, Louis 'the Pious' began the campaign against his rebellious son. Berengar, loyal to the emperor, invaded Bernard's _honores_ and took Roussillon (with Vallespir) and probably also Rasez and Conflent. By 2 February, Berengar was already in Elna.
     “Finally in the autumn, the successive victories of the imperial forces compelled Pepin and Bernard to appear before the emperor in October. Pepin was dispossessed of his kingdom and sent as prisoner to Trier, having ceded all his territories to his half-brother Charles. Bernard was accused of infidelity and dismissed from all his offices and dispossessed of all his _honores_ in Septimania and Gothia, which were given to Berengar. His brother Gaucelm was probably also dispossessed, but for a time he remained in possession of the county of Empúries, ignoring his dismissal.
     “In 833, however, Lothair revolted. Pepin, with Bernard and Gaucelm, remained loyal to Louis. After defeating Lothair's forces, and returning the emperor to power on 1 March 834, Bernard requested the return of his _honores,_ citing the loss of men he had sustained for the emperor's cause. However, Berengar was still in legal possession. The emperor hesitated over his decision, but in June 835 he summoned Bernard and Berengar to an assembly in Cremieux, near Lyon, where he would deliver a verdict. Berengar died unexpectedly on the way and, freed of obstacles, the emperor gave Septimania and its counties and that of Toulouse to Bernard. The only territories not returned were Empúries and Roussillon, which had already been granted to Sunyer I and Alaric respectively, and Urgell and Cerdanya, which had been detached from Toulouse by the usurper Aznar I Galindez. Sunifred, brother of Oliba of Carcassonne, was assigned to expel him.
     “Bernard returned to his domain, where the Goth population, that had supported Bera and then Berengar, still opposed him. Ten complaints were presented against him at the assembly of Quierzy-sur-Oise in September 838. From 841 he was often absent, participating in the struggles of the empire, and the counties were administered by their respective viscounts.
     “Bernard avoided participating in the Battle of Fontenay-en-Puisaye (25 June 841), where Charles 'the Bald' and Louis 'the German' defeated their brother Lothair, who retreated to the south with his army. Bernard remained outside the battle awaiting its result, upon which he sent his son Guillaume to offer homage to Charles 'the Bald' and to promise him that his father would obtain the submission of Pepin II, the rebellious son of Pepin, who was claiming to rule Aquitaine. It seems that Bernard had no intention of keeping this last promise.
     “During the campaign of Charles 'the Bald' in Aquitaine in 842, he decided to punish Bernard, dispossessing him of the county of Toulouse in favour of Acfred. Bernard, however, refused to accept the decision and revolted, openly allying himself to Pepin II and expelling Acfred from Toulouse in 843. Charles responded by sending the _dux_ Guerin of Provence, who in 842 directed the campaign in Aquitaine against Septimania. Various other events - renewed Viking invasions and Breton raids - compelled an end to the internal civil struggles afflicting the empire, and in August 843 the Treaty of Verdun was signed between the three brothers Charles, Louis and Lothair. Septimania and Gothia were left in the hands of Charles 'the Bald'. The county of Uzès, where Bernard still possessed estates, was assigned to Lothair. Furthermore, the county of Autun, which had long been lost to Bernard, and to which his son had renewed a claim, was given to Guerin.
     “In 844, Charles 'the Bald' returned to Aquitaine with the objective of forcing Pepin II to submit and conquering Toulouse. Bernard of Septimania was captured, either by the royal forces during the assault on Toulouse or, according to French historian Pierre Andoque, the year before by Guerin in Uzès. Andoque maintains that in 844 he was merely brought before Charles during his campaign through Aquitaine. One way or the other, in May 844 Bernard was presented to Charles, who ordered his execution.
     “The following month, Pepin II and Bernard's son Guillaume dealt a severe blow to Charles in the Angoumois on 14 June. Bernard's _honores_ were given to Sunifred, who had been tasked previously with subduing Aznar in Aragón.”.¹¹

; Per Med Lands:
     "BERNARD, son of GUILLAUME Comte de Toulouse, Marquis de Septimanie & his first wife Cunigundis --- ([795]-executed Toulouse Saint-Sernin [Jan/Jun] 844). The Vita S. Willelmi names “Bernardo…et Gaucelino” as sons of Guillaume[471]. "Willelmus…comes" names "filiabus meis et filiis Barnardo, Witchario, Gotcelmo, Helimbruch" (version two: "filios meos et filias Witcario, Hildehelmo et Helinbruch") in his charter dated 14 Dec 804 (version two: dated 15 Dec 804) for the foundation of the monastery of Gellone, Bernard being named in only one of the versions[472]. Flodoard refers to "Bernardo comiti Tolosano, propinquo suo [Teodulfo comite]"[473]. Thegan's Vita Hludowici Imperatoris records that "quondam duce Bernhardo, qui erat de stirpe regali" was accused of violating "Iudith reginam" but comments that this was all lies[474]. Comte d'Autun until 830. Marquis de Septimanie until 831. He was installed as Count of Barcelona in 827 or before: Einhard's Annales name "Bernhardus…Barcinonæ comes" in 827[475]. It is not certain whether this means that the "March of Spain" was at that time part of the marquisate of Septimania. It is possible that Bernard was appointed to Barcelona after the disgrace of Bero in 820, but no primary source has been identified which confirms that this is correct. Einhard's Annales name "Bernhardus…Barcinonæ comes" in 827[476]. The Annales Fuldenses record that "Barnhardus comes Barcinonensis" was made camerarius in the palace in 829[477]. Emperor Louis I appointed "Bernard Duke of Septimania" as his chamberlain and entrusted his son Charles to him, but he "recklessly abused the imperial power…and undermined it entirely". He was banished to Septimania in [Apr 830] by the emperor's sons who rebelled against their father[478]. The Annales Bertiniani record that "præfatus Bernardus" fled to Barcelona in 830[479]. The Vita Hludowici Imperatoris records that "Bernhardus" fled into exile in Spain and was deprived of his honours [in 831][480]. The same source records that "Werinus et Bernhardus comites" gathered a force in Burgundy and reached "Matronam fluvium" [in 834][481]. The Annales Bertiniani record that "Bernardus comes marcæ Hispanicæ" was sentenced to death in 844[482]. The Annales Xantenses record that "Bernhardus comes" was killed "a Karolo" in 844, after which "filio Bernhardi" and "Pippinus rex Aquitainiæ, filius Pippini" defeated the king's army[483]. The Annales Fuldenses record that "Karolus" killed "Bernhardum Barcenonensium ducem" in 844 "incautem et nihil ab eo suspicantem"[484].
     "m (Aix-la-Chapelle 24 Jun 824) DHUODA [Doda], daughter of --- (-after 2 Feb 843). The Manual of Dhuoda records the marriage "anno XI domino nostro Ludoico VIII Kal Iul" at "Aquisgrani palatio" of Doda and Bernard[485]. The Manual was written in 843 and consists of her instructions to her son. "
Med Lands cites: He was Comte de Barcelone et de Gérone between 826 and 832.¹⁰ He was Comte d'Autun between 826 and 832.^7,10 He was Marquis de Septimanie between 828 and 832.^7,10 He was Comte de Barcelone, de Gérone et de Toulouse, et duc de Septimanie between 835 and 844.¹⁰

     Dhuoda/Doda (?) de Gascogne married Bernard/Bernhard (?) Comte d'Autun, Marquis de Septimanie, comte dde Barcelona, son of Saint Guillaume (?) comte et duc de Toulouse, duc d'Aquitaine, Marquis de Septimanie and Kunigunde (?), on 24 June 824 at Aachen (Aix La Chapelle), Stadtkreis Aachen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany.^3,1,4,5,6

Dhuoda/Doda (?) de Gascogne died after 2 February 843; Genealogics says d. aft 2 Feb 843; Stone says d. aft 844; Med Lands says d. aft 2 Feb 843.^3,7,6
      ; Per Med Lands:
     "BERNARD, son of GUILLAUME Comte de Toulouse, Marquis de Septimanie & his first wife Cunigundis --- ([795]-executed Toulouse Saint-Sernin [Jan/Jun] 844). The Vita S. Willelmi names “Bernardo…et Gaucelino” as sons of Guillaume[471]. "Willelmus…comes" names "filiabus meis et filiis Barnardo, Witchario, Gotcelmo, Helimbruch" (version two: "filios meos et filias Witcario, Hildehelmo et Helinbruch") in his charter dated 14 Dec 804 (version two: dated 15 Dec 804) for the foundation of the monastery of Gellone, Bernard being named in only one of the versions[472]. Flodoard refers to "Bernardo comiti Tolosano, propinquo suo [Teodulfo comite]"[473]. Thegan's Vita Hludowici Imperatoris records that "quondam duce Bernhardo, qui erat de stirpe regali" was accused of violating "Iudith reginam" but comments that this was all lies[474]. Comte d'Autun until 830. Marquis de Septimanie until 831. He was installed as Count of Barcelona in 827 or before: Einhard's Annales name "Bernhardus…Barcinonæ comes" in 827[475]. It is not certain whether this means that the "March of Spain" was at that time part of the marquisate of Septimania. It is possible that Bernard was appointed to Barcelona after the disgrace of Bero in 820, but no primary source has been identified which confirms that this is correct. Einhard's Annales name "Bernhardus…Barcinonæ comes" in 827[476]. The Annales Fuldenses record that "Barnhardus comes Barcinonensis" was made camerarius in the palace in 829[477]. Emperor Louis I appointed "Bernard Duke of Septimania" as his chamberlain and entrusted his son Charles to him, but he "recklessly abused the imperial power…and undermined it entirely". He was banished to Septimania in [Apr 830] by the emperor's sons who rebelled against their father[478]. The Annales Bertiniani record that "præfatus Bernardus" fled to Barcelona in 830[479]. The Vita Hludowici Imperatoris records that "Bernhardus" fled into exile in Spain and was deprived of his honours [in 831][480]. The same source records that "Werinus et Bernhardus comites" gathered a force in Burgundy and reached "Matronam fluvium" [in 834][481]. The Annales Bertiniani record that "Bernardus comes marcæ Hispanicæ" was sentenced to death in 844[482]. The Annales Xantenses record that "Bernhardus comes" was killed "a Karolo" in 844, after which "filio Bernhardi" and "Pippinus rex Aquitainiæ, filius Pippini" defeated the king's army[483]. The Annales Fuldenses record that "Karolus" killed "Bernhardum Barcenonensium ducem" in 844 "incautem et nihil ab eo suspicantem"[484].
     "m (Aix-la-Chapelle 24 Jun 824) DHUODA [Doda], daughter of --- (-after 2 Feb 843). The Manual of Dhuoda records the marriage "anno XI domino nostro Ludoico VIII Kal Iul" at "Aquisgrani palatio" of Doda and Bernard[485]. The Manual was written in 843 and consists of her instructions to her son. "
Med Lands cites:

; Per Greene email:
     "With the various comments on Dhuoda of Septimania and the Gascons, let me throw another published work into the pot (and ask for forgiveness for the image).
     "Ronald Malan's article in the journal _The Genealogist_ [which is not _The American Genealogist_ (TAG)] for Spring 1997 (Vol. 13, No. 1) presents the theory of Dr. Renee Mussot-Goulard that Dhuoda was a daughter of Sancho-Lupus, duke or "Prince" of Gascony. Mussot-Goulard suggests that Agen was used in an unusual way, as a dowry from brother to sister, and that Dhuoda had been given Agen "by Sancho-Lupus of Gascony her brother" [Malat's family summary gives her brothers named Aznar-Sanchez and Sancho-Sanchez "Mitarra" but not explicitly Sancho-Lupez].
     "In the 75th-anniversary issue of TAG (July/October 1997, Vol. 72, nos. 3-4), Nat Taylor published a superb article showing that the claimed Davidic descent of Saint William of Toulouse was, at best, wishful thinking and a strained interpretation of the evidence. He shows Dhuoda's husband, Bernard of Septimania as a son of St. William and throws cold water on the Mussot-Goulard/Malat theory of Dhuoda's Gascon descent by showing that the claimed use of Agen as a "sister-dowry" is problematical. (I hope that Nat will correct me if I have misstated his opiniion.)
     "Nat shows Heribert as a brother of Dhuoda's husband, Bernard of Septimania. It is at this point that I want to cite a recently published work by Donald C. Jackman, who had already written _The Konradiner: A Study in Genealogical Methodology_ (Frankfurt am Main, 1990). Jackman's new work is _Criticism and Critique: Sidelights on the Konradiner_, published as the first volume in the edited series Prosopographica et Genealogica (Oxford, 1997), edited by K. S. B. Keats-Rohan and Christian Settipani as a publication of Keats-Rohan's Unit for Prosopographical Research. Jackman writes (pp. 135-36):
     ""According to the Astronomer, Odo of Orleans was a first cousion (consobrinus) of a Heribert who was blinded in the course of Lothar's uprising in 830; this Heribert was the frater of Margrave Bernard of Septimania (d. 844). In the Manual of Bernard's wife Dhuoda, Heribert is described as the avunculus (maternal uncle) of Bernard's sons. The term 'avunculus' does not easily extend to paternal uncle (which 'patruus' serves). But 'frater' extends readily to 'brother-in-law. Clearly, Dhuoda was Heribert's sister, and one of their parents was a sibling of Odo's mother, that is Waldrada.
     ""In her Manual, Dhuoda also sets down the names of her husband's relatives for the purpose of commemoration. Most of them are discovered in the foundation charter of Gellone together with their relationships to the founder of that monastery, Margrave Guillaume [St. William]. Two persons who cannot be identified in the Gellone charter are found at the end of Dhuoda's list: Wernher and Rotlint. Joachim Wollasch has suggested that these were Dhuoda's parents, and one may concur, because the parents of Dhuoda might easily be first cousins of her father-in-law and thus deserve a place in the list. While their identities are far from clear, there is some further justification for assigning Wernher as father of Dhuoda and Heribert. Not long after the county of Blois had passed to the Robertiner, a viscount of Blois emerges with the name Werngaud. Assuming that he acquired his position by a descent from earlier countrs, his Wern-name suggests lineal relationship with Wernher. On this basis of this juxtaposition, one might regard Wernher as count of Blois or at least as son or grandon of a Blesois count." [Jackman provides further onomastic arguments.]
     "The Wallasch work mentioned above is "Eine adlige Familie des fruehen Mittelalters. Ihr Selbstverstaendnis und ihre Wirklichkeit," _Archiv fuer Kulturgeschichte_, 39 (1957): 181-85.²

Reference: Genealogics cites: Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag Marburg., Detlev Schwennicke, Editor, Reference: III 731.⁴ GAV-31 EDV-32 GKJ-33.

; Per Stone [2000]: "...daughter of Wernher and Rotlint or, possibly, of Sancho-Lupus, Duke of Gascony; d. after 844. She wrote the famous "Liber Manualis" (handbook), giving moral instruction to her teenage son William, who had been sent to the court of the young Charles the Bald (essentially as a political hostage) in 841."³

     Saint Guillaume (?) comte et duc de Toulouse, duc d'Aquitaine, Marquis de Septimanie was born between 755 and 760 at Toulouse, Departement de la Haute-Garonne, Midi-Pyrénées, France; Genealogics says b. ca 760; Racines et Histoire, Med Lands and Wikipédia (FR) say b. 750/55.^{5,8,9,2,3,10,4} He married Kunigunde (?)
;
His 1st wife.^11,2,3,4,12 Saint Guillaume (?) comte et duc de Toulouse, duc d'Aquitaine, Marquis de Septimanie married Guitburgis/Guibour/Witburg (?), daughter of Thibaud (?) King of the Saracens,
;
His 2nd wife.^13,2,3,4,14
Saint Guillaume (?) comte et duc de Toulouse, duc d'Aquitaine, Marquis de Septimanie died in 812.¹⁵
Saint Guillaume (?) comte et duc de Toulouse, duc d'Aquitaine, Marquis de Septimanie was buried between 28 May 812 and 813 at Saint Guilhem le Desert Monastery, Aniane, Departement de l'Hérault, Languedoc-Roussillon, France; From Find A Grave:
     BIRTH     755, Toulouse, Departement de la Haute-Garonne, Midi-Pyrénées, France
     DEATH     28 May 812 (aged 56–57), Aniane, Departement de l'Hérault, Languedoc-Roussillon, France
     WILLIAM OF GELLONE, the second Count of Toulouse, a cousin of Charlemagne and grandson of Charles Martel, who after a career in the military, built a monastery at Gellone in Gaul not far from Aniane which he filled with monks. He reposed A.D. 812. Later the monastery was re-named after him: Saint-Guilhem-de-Desert.
     Guillaume de Gellone, Guillaume, d'Orange, William of Gellone, William of Orange, St. William of Gellone, Count of Toulouse
     Venerated in the Eastern Orthodox Church and Roman Catholic Church.
     In 806, William retired to Gellone as a monk and eventually died there on 28 May 812. When he died, it was said the bells at Orange rang on their own accord.
     Knight and monk, the son of Count Teiric of Toulouse. William was a member of the famed court of Charlemagne. He was named Duke of Aquitaine and chosen to lead a campaign against the Saracens in southern France. He defeated the Islamic Saracens in this campaign. Throughout his military career, he displayed exemplary chivalry and was honored as the ideal Knight. In 790 Charlemagne appointed William the count of Toulouse and the protector of his son, Louis the Pious, king of Aquitaine. William campaigned against the Moors in Spain, and in 803 captured Barcelona from them.
     However, he gave up the sword and became dedicated to the promotion of the faith. William founded a monastery at Gellone, near Aniane. And with Charlemagne's permission, entered the community as a monk. Among his gifts to the abbey he founded was a piece of the True Cross, a present from his cousin Charlemagne. Charlemagne had received the relic from the Patriarch of Jerusalem according to the Vita of William.
William was also the subject of several medieval romances, including La Prised Orange and Aliseans.
     He was canonized in 1066. His 'Name Day' (Feast Day) is celebrated May 28.
     Family Members
     Parents
          Teiric I d'Autun 715–793
          Aude (Aldana) d'Austrasia d'Autun 720–804
     Spouse
          Guibour von Hornbach 770–804
     Siblings
          Berthe Aube d'Autun d'Autun
          Thierry d'Autun 745–793
          Ingeltude De Autun 773–810
     Children
          Berthe Ingeltrude de Toulouse of Gellone of Italy 777–810
          Rotlinde de Toulouse of Gellone de Bobbio 785–820
          Waldrada de Toulouse of Gellone d'Orleans 790 – unknown
     BURIAL     Saint Guilhem le Desert Monastery, Aniane, Departement de l'Hérault, Languedoc-Roussillon, France
     Created by: Memerizion
     Added: 6 Mar 2015
     Find A Grave Memorial 143399162
     SPONSORED BY Christian H. F. Riley.⁹
Saint Guillaume (?) comte et duc de Toulouse, duc d'Aquitaine, Marquis de Septimanie died between 28 May 812 and 813 at Aniane, Departement de l'Hérault, Languedoc-Roussillon, France (now); Leo van de Pas says "ES has him die [sic] between 28 May 812 and 21 May 815"; Genealogics says d. bef 21 May 815; Racines et Histoire says d. between 28 May 812/813 - 24 May 815 or a 28 May between 812 and 815; Med Lands says d. 28 May [812/13]/21 May 815.^{13,5,15,16,17,8,9,2,4}
      ; Per Catholic Encyclopedia: "St. William of Gellone - Born 755; died 28 May, c. 812; was the second count of Toulouse, having attained that dignity in 790. He is by some writers also given the title of Duke of Aquitaine. This saint is the hero of the ninth-century "Roman de Guillame au court nez", but the story of his life is told in a more reliable form by the anonymous author of the biography which was written soon after the saint's death, or before the eleventh century according to Mabillon, or during the eleventh century according to the Bollandist Henschen. His father's name was Theoderic, his mother's Aldana, and he was in some way connected with the family of Charles the Great, at whose court he was present as a youth. The great emperor employed him against the Saracen invaders from Spain, whom he defeated at Orange. In 804 he founded a Benedictine monastery, since called S. Guilhem le Desert, in the valley of Gellone, near Lodeve in the Diocese of Maguelonne, and subjected it to the famous St. Benedict of Aniane, whose monastery was close at hand. Two years later (806) he himself became a monk at Gellone, where he remained until his death. his testament, granting certain property to Gellone, and another subjecting that monastery tothe Abbot of Aniane, are given by mabillon. His feast is on 28 May, the day of his death.
MABILLON, Acta SS. O.S.B. saec. IV, I (Venice, 1735), 67-86; Acta SS., VI May, 154-72.
RAYMUND WEBSTER, Transcribed by Michael T. Barrett, Dedicated to the memory of St. William of Gellone“.⁵ GAV-32 EDV-32 GKJ-33.

Reference: Genealogics cites:
1. Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag Marburg., Detlev Schwennicke, Editor, Reference: III 731.
2. Biography of St.Guilhem de Toulouse , Taylor, Nathaniel.²

; Per Genealogics:
     “Saint Guilhem of Gellone, in his own day Guilhem, also known as Guillaume d'Orange, Guillaume Fierabrace, and the Marquis 'au Court Nez', was the second count of Toulouse from 790 until his replacement in 811.
     “He is the hero of the _Chanson de Guillaume,_ an early _chanson de geste_ (song of heroic deeds), and of several later sequels, which were categorised by thirteenth-century poets as the _geste_ of Garin de Monglane. Another early product of oral traditions about Guilhem is a Latin _Vita_ (biography), written before the 11th century, according to Jean Mabillon, or during the 11th century according to the Bollandist Godfrey Henschen.
     “Guilhem was born in northern France in about 755, the son of Theuderic (Thierry) I, comte d'Autun et Toulouse, and Alda or Aldana. He was a cousin of Charlemagne (his mother Alda was daughter of Charles Martel). As a kinsman and trusted comes he spent his youth in the court of Charlemagne.
     “Guilhem's first seven children (four sons including Bernard and Guillaume) were most likely by his first wife Kunigunde, and the youngest four by his second wife Guitburgis. (Later troubadours made his second wife a Muslim princess by the name of Oriabel, who was then baptised as Guibourg/Guitburgis. However, contemporary records do not indicate this to be true.)
     “When Guilhem was made count of Toulouse in 790, Charlemagne placed his young son Louis 'the Pious', who was to inherit Aquitaine, in his charge. As count he successfully subdued the Gascons.
     “In 793 Hisham I (called Hescham by the Franks), the successor of Abd ar-Rahman I, proclaimed a holy war against the Christians to the north. He amassed an army of 100,000 men, half of whom attacked the kingdom of Asturias while the other half invaded Languedoc, penetrating as far as Narbonne.
     “Guilhem met this force and defeated it. He met the Muslim forces again near the river Orbieux, at Villedaigne, where he was defeated, though his obstinate resistance exhausted the Muslim forces so much that they retreated to Spain. However, Narbonne was garrisoned and remained under Muslim control. In 803 Guilhem took part in the campaign that took Barcelona from the Moors.
     “In 804 he founded the abbey of Gellone (now Saint-Guilhem-le-Désert) near Lodève in the diocese of Maguelonne, and dedicated it to Saint Benedict of Aniane, whose abbey was nearby. His second wife Guitburgis died in 804, and he retired as a monk at his abbey in 806, where he eventually died between 812 and 815. The date of his death is most likely 28 May 812 as it derives from a necrology dating from the 11th century. The latter date is a confirmation by Louis 'the Pious', of his possession of the priory at Aniane. In 1066 he was canonised. His tomb at Santiago de Compostela is a place of pilgrimage.
     “Among Guilhem's gifts to the abbey he founded was a piece of the True Cross, a gift from his cousin Charlemagne, who reportedly wept at his death. Charlemagne had received the relic from the Patriarch of Jerusalem according to the _Vita_ of Guilhem. When he died, it was said the bells at Orange rang on their own accord. He mentioned both his family and monastery in his will. He granted property to Gellone and placed the monastery under the control of the abbot of Aniane. It became a subject of contention however as the reputation of Guilhem grew. So many pilgrims were attracted to Gellone that his corpse was exhumed from the modest site in the narthex and given a more prominent place under the choir, to the intense dissatisfaction of the abbey of Aniane. A number of forged documents and assertions were produced on each side that leave details of the actual history doubtful. The abbey was a major stop for pilgrims on their way to Santiago de Compostela. The Sacramentary of Gelloner, dating to the late 8th century, is a famous manuscript. Its late 12th century Romanesque cloister, systematically dismantled during the French revolution, found its way to The Cloisters in New York. Guilhem's faithful service to Charlemagne is portrayed as an example of feudal loyalty. Guilhem's career battling Saracens is sung in epic poems in the 12th and 13th century cycle called _La Geste de Garin de Monglane,_ some two dozen _chansons de geste_ that actually centre on Guilhem, the great-grandson of the largely legendary Garin.
     “One section of the cycle, however, is devoted to the feats of his father Theoderic, there named Aymeri de Narbonner, who had received Narbonne as his seigniory after his return from Spain with Charlemagne. Details of the 'Aymeri' of the poem are conflated with a later historic figure who was truly the viscount of Narbonne from 1108 to 1134. In the chanson he is awarded Ermengart, daughter of Didier, and sister of Boniface, king of the Lombards. Among his seven sons and five daughters is Guilhem.
     “The defeat of the Moors at Orange was given legendary treatment in the 12th century epic _La prise d'Orange._ There, Guilhem was made count of Toulouse in place of the disgraced Chorso, then king of Aquitaine in 778. He is difficult to separate from the legends and poems that gave him feats of arms, lineage and titles: Guillaume Fièrebras, Guillaum au Court-Nez (his nose broke in a battle with a giant), Guillaume de Narbonne, and Guillaume d'Orange.”.²

; This is the same person as ”William of Gellone” at Wikipedia and as ”Guillaume de Gellone” at Wikipédia (FR).^8,10 Saint Guillaume (?) comte et duc de Toulouse, duc d'Aquitaine, Marquis de Septimanie was also known as Saint William (?) of Gellone, 2nd Count of Toulouse.⁵ Saint Guillaume (?) comte et duc de Toulouse, duc d'Aquitaine, Marquis de Septimanie was also known as Saint Guilhm (?) de Gellone, comte de Toulouse.

; Per Racines et Histoire (Toulouse): “Guillaume ° 750/55 + entre 28/05/812/13 et 21/05/815 ou un 28/05 entre 812 et 815 comte de Toulouse (789, par Charlemagne) et marquis de Septimanie (-806), X (sans doute) les Sarazins (Cordoba, 801) (fonde l’Abbaye de Gellone en 804 et s’y fait moine en 806 ; cite toute sa famille dans sa charte de fondation 14 ou 15/12/804)
     ép. 1) Cunégonde
     ép. 2) Guitburge”.³

; Per Med Lands:
     "GUILLAUME, son of THEODERIC [I] Comte d'Autun & his wife Aldana --- ([750/55]-Gellone [28 May [812/13]/21 May 815]). The Vita S. Willelmi records that “beatus Willelmus” was born during the reign of King Pepin to “consule Theoderico…mater…comitissa…Aldana”[429]. Comte de Toulouse, Marquis de Septimania. The Vita Hludowici Imperatoris records that "Willelmus primus, signifier Hadhemarus" fought the Saracens in Córdoba [in 801][430], although it is not certain that "Willelmus primus" refers to Guillaume Comte de Toulouse. He founded the Abbey of Gellone in 804, becoming a monk there in 806. "Willelmus…comes" names "genitore meo Theuderico et genitrice mea Aldana" and "fratribus meis Theudoino et Adalelmo" (version two: "fratre meo Teodoino et Teoderico et Adalelmo") "sororibus meis Albana et Bertana" "filiabus meis et filiis Barnardo, Witchario, Gotcelmo, Helimbruch" (version two: "filios meos et filias Witcario, Hildehelmo et Helinbruch") "uxoribus meis Cunegunde et Guitburge" (version two: "Witburg et Cunegunde") "nepote meo Bertranno" in his charter dated 14 Dec 804 (version two: dated 15 Dec 804) for the foundation of the monastery of Gellone[431]. The Manual of Dhuoda names (in order) "Willelmus, Chungundis, Gariberga, Vuithbergis, Teddericus, Gothzelmus, Guarnarius, Rothlindis" as relatives of Bernard, husband of Doda, implying that all were deceased at the date the manual was written (843)[432]. Canonised 1066.
     "m firstly CUNIGUNDIS, daughter of ---. "Willelmus…comes" names "uxoribus meis Cunegunde et Guitburge" (version two: "Witburg et Cunegunde") in his charter dated 14 Dec 804 (version two: dated 15 Dec 804) for the foundation of the monastery of Gellone373, rendering it impossible to decide from this text which was his first and which his second wife. However, the Manual of Dhuoda names (in order) "Willelmus, Chungundis, Gariberga, Vuithbergis, Teddericus, Gothzelmus, Guarnarius, Rothlindis" as relatives of Bernard, husband of Doda, implying from this order that "Chungundis" was more senior than "Vuithbergis"[433]. A possible clue about the origins of Cunigundis is provided by the Vita Hludowici Imperatoris which records the blinding of "Heribertus Bernhardi frater" and his exile with "Hodo consobrinus illius"[434]. The previous passage in the Vita records that Orléans was confiscated from Eudes Comte d'Orléans. It is therefore possible that this was the same person as "Hodo", although the precise nature of the relationship between him and Heribert has not been established. Assuming that Heribert was the son of Guillaume de Toulouse & his first wife Cunigundis (about which there may be some doubt, see below under Heribert), and assuming also that "consobrinus" is used in the text in its strict sense, Cunegundis and the mother of Eudes Comte d'Orléans would have been sisters.
     "m secondly GUITBURGIS [Wibourg], daughter of ---. "Willelmus…comes" names "uxoribus meis Cunegunde et Guitburge" (version two: "Witburg et Cunegunde") in his charter dated 14 Dec 804 (version two: dated 15 Dec 804) for the foundation of the monastery of Gellone[435]. The Manual of Dhuoda names (in order) "Willelmus, Chungundis…Vuithbergis…" as relatives of Bernard, husband of Doda[436], these three individuals being identifiable as the father of Bernard and his two wives."
Med Lands cites: He was 2nd Count of Toulouse, Duc d'Aquitaine (by Charlemagne), Marquis de Septimanie between 790 and 806.^5,10,3

; Per Stone: "He was the leader of the Frankish forces at the siege and capture of Barcelona in 801/3. He founded the Benedictine monastery of Gellone, which later prospered as a stop on the pilgrimage route to Compostela and was renamed after its founder, Saint-Guilhem-le-Desert.“.¹³

; Per van de Pas: "According to ES in 803 he conquered Barcelona, founded in 804 the Abbey of Gellone, in 806 he bcomes a monk at Gellone, and "before 806" founded Casanova (Goudargues).“.¹⁷

Saint Guillaume (?) comte et duc de Toulouse, duc d'Aquitaine, Marquis de Septimanie left a will on 28 January 812; Per Wikipedia: "His will of 28 January 804, names his living wives Gunegunde and Guitburgi, his deceased parents, Teuderico (Theodoric / Thierry IV) and Aldana (daughter of Charles Martel), two brothers, Teudoino and Adalelmo, two sisters, Abbana and Bertana, four sons, Barnardo, Guitcario, Gotcelmo, and Helmbruc, not his daughter Waldrada, or daughter Rotlinde, and one nephew, Bertrano.[7]"
Wikipedia cites:
[7] "Internet History Sourcebooks Project". fordham.edu. - https://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/french/g1.asp (text of will in Latin.)⁸

     Guitburgis/Guibour/Witburg (?) married Saint Guillaume (?) comte et duc de Toulouse, duc d'Aquitaine, Marquis de Septimanie, son of Thierry I (?) Comte d'Autun and Aladan/Alda/Aude (?) of Francia,
;
His 2nd wife.^3,4,5,6,1
     ; Per Racines et Histoire (Toulouse): “Guillaume ° 750/55 + entre 28/05/812/13 et 21/05/815 ou un 28/05 entre 812 et 815 comte de Toulouse (789, par Charlemagne) et marquis de Septimanie (-806), X (sans doute) les Sarazins (Cordoba, 801) (fonde l’Abbaye de Gellone en 804 et s’y fait moine en 806 ; cite toute sa famille dans sa charte de fondation 14 ou 15/12/804)
     ép. 1) Cunégonde
     ép. 2) Guitburge”.⁵
; Per Med Lands:
     "GUILLAUME, son of THEODERIC [I] Comte d'Autun & his wife Aldana --- ([750/55]-Gellone [28 May [812/13]/21 May 815]). The Vita S. Willelmi records that “beatus Willelmus” was born during the reign of King Pepin to “consule Theoderico…mater…comitissa…Aldana”[429]. Comte de Toulouse, Marquis de Septimania. The Vita Hludowici Imperatoris records that "Willelmus primus, signifier Hadhemarus" fought the Saracens in Córdoba [in 801][430], although it is not certain that "Willelmus primus" refers to Guillaume Comte de Toulouse. He founded the Abbey of Gellone in 804, becoming a monk there in 806. "Willelmus…comes" names "genitore meo Theuderico et genitrice mea Aldana" and "fratribus meis Theudoino et Adalelmo" (version two: "fratre meo Teodoino et Teoderico et Adalelmo") "sororibus meis Albana et Bertana" "filiabus meis et filiis Barnardo, Witchario, Gotcelmo, Helimbruch" (version two: "filios meos et filias Witcario, Hildehelmo et Helinbruch") "uxoribus meis Cunegunde et Guitburge" (version two: "Witburg et Cunegunde") "nepote meo Bertranno" in his charter dated 14 Dec 804 (version two: dated 15 Dec 804) for the foundation of the monastery of Gellone[431]. The Manual of Dhuoda names (in order) "Willelmus, Chungundis, Gariberga, Vuithbergis, Teddericus, Gothzelmus, Guarnarius, Rothlindis" as relatives of Bernard, husband of Doda, implying that all were deceased at the date the manual was written (843)[432]. Canonised 1066.
     "m firstly CUNIGUNDIS, daughter of ---. "Willelmus…comes" names "uxoribus meis Cunegunde et Guitburge" (version two: "Witburg et Cunegunde") in his charter dated 14 Dec 804 (version two: dated 15 Dec 804) for the foundation of the monastery of Gellone373, rendering it impossible to decide from this text which was his first and which his second wife. However, the Manual of Dhuoda names (in order) "Willelmus, Chungundis, Gariberga, Vuithbergis, Teddericus, Gothzelmus, Guarnarius, Rothlindis" as relatives of Bernard, husband of Doda, implying from this order that "Chungundis" was more senior than "Vuithbergis"[433]. A possible clue about the origins of Cunigundis is provided by the Vita Hludowici Imperatoris which records the blinding of "Heribertus Bernhardi frater" and his exile with "Hodo consobrinus illius"[434]. The previous passage in the Vita records that Orléans was confiscated from Eudes Comte d'Orléans. It is therefore possible that this was the same person as "Hodo", although the precise nature of the relationship between him and Heribert has not been established. Assuming that Heribert was the son of Guillaume de Toulouse & his first wife Cunigundis (about which there may be some doubt, see below under Heribert), and assuming also that "consobrinus" is used in the text in its strict sense, Cunegundis and the mother of Eudes Comte d'Orléans would have been sisters.
     "m secondly GUITBURGIS [Wibourg], daughter of ---. "Willelmus…comes" names "uxoribus meis Cunegunde et Guitburge" (version two: "Witburg et Cunegunde") in his charter dated 14 Dec 804 (version two: dated 15 Dec 804) for the foundation of the monastery of Gellone[435]. The Manual of Dhuoda names (in order) "Willelmus, Chungundis…Vuithbergis…" as relatives of Bernard, husband of Doda[436], these three individuals being identifiable as the father of Bernard and his two wives."
Med Lands cites:

;      Per Wikipedia: "His wife Guitburgi is said to have been the widow of the Moorish wali of Orange taken by William in his battles against the Umayyad army of Hisham I in and around the county of Narbona about 793-796."
     per Catholic Herald: "After Guilhem's conquest of Orange he fell in love with a Muslim princess, Guibourc, the daughter of the Saracen King Thibaud."^7,2

Reference: Genealogics cites: Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag Marburg., Detlev Schwennicke, Editor, Reference: III 731.¹

     Kunigunde (?) married Saint Guillaume (?) comte et duc de Toulouse, duc d'Aquitaine, Marquis de Septimanie, son of Thierry I (?) Comte d'Autun and Aladan/Alda/Aude (?) of Francia,
;
His 1st wife.^3,4,5,6,1
      ; Per Med Lands:
     "GUILLAUME, son of THEODERIC [I] Comte d'Autun & his wife Aldana --- ([750/55]-Gellone [28 May [812/13]/21 May 815]). The Vita S. Willelmi records that “beatus Willelmus” was born during the reign of King Pepin to “consule Theoderico…mater…comitissa…Aldana”[429]. Comte de Toulouse, Marquis de Septimania. The Vita Hludowici Imperatoris records that "Willelmus primus, signifier Hadhemarus" fought the Saracens in Córdoba [in 801][430], although it is not certain that "Willelmus primus" refers to Guillaume Comte de Toulouse. He founded the Abbey of Gellone in 804, becoming a monk there in 806. "Willelmus…comes" names "genitore meo Theuderico et genitrice mea Aldana" and "fratribus meis Theudoino et Adalelmo" (version two: "fratre meo Teodoino et Teoderico et Adalelmo") "sororibus meis Albana et Bertana" "filiabus meis et filiis Barnardo, Witchario, Gotcelmo, Helimbruch" (version two: "filios meos et filias Witcario, Hildehelmo et Helinbruch") "uxoribus meis Cunegunde et Guitburge" (version two: "Witburg et Cunegunde") "nepote meo Bertranno" in his charter dated 14 Dec 804 (version two: dated 15 Dec 804) for the foundation of the monastery of Gellone[431]. The Manual of Dhuoda names (in order) "Willelmus, Chungundis, Gariberga, Vuithbergis, Teddericus, Gothzelmus, Guarnarius, Rothlindis" as relatives of Bernard, husband of Doda, implying that all were deceased at the date the manual was written (843)[432]. Canonised 1066.
     "m firstly CUNIGUNDIS, daughter of ---. "Willelmus…comes" names "uxoribus meis Cunegunde et Guitburge" (version two: "Witburg et Cunegunde") in his charter dated 14 Dec 804 (version two: dated 15 Dec 804) for the foundation of the monastery of Gellone373, rendering it impossible to decide from this text which was his first and which his second wife. However, the Manual of Dhuoda names (in order) "Willelmus, Chungundis, Gariberga, Vuithbergis, Teddericus, Gothzelmus, Guarnarius, Rothlindis" as relatives of Bernard, husband of Doda, implying from this order that "Chungundis" was more senior than "Vuithbergis"[433]. A possible clue about the origins of Cunigundis is provided by the Vita Hludowici Imperatoris which records the blinding of "Heribertus Bernhardi frater" and his exile with "Hodo consobrinus illius"[434]. The previous passage in the Vita records that Orléans was confiscated from Eudes Comte d'Orléans. It is therefore possible that this was the same person as "Hodo", although the precise nature of the relationship between him and Heribert has not been established. Assuming that Heribert was the son of Guillaume de Toulouse & his first wife Cunigundis (about which there may be some doubt, see below under Heribert), and assuming also that "consobrinus" is used in the text in its strict sense, Cunegundis and the mother of Eudes Comte d'Orléans would have been sisters.
     "m secondly GUITBURGIS [Wibourg], daughter of ---. "Willelmus…comes" names "uxoribus meis Cunegunde et Guitburge" (version two: "Witburg et Cunegunde") in his charter dated 14 Dec 804 (version two: dated 15 Dec 804) for the foundation of the monastery of Gellone[435]. The Manual of Dhuoda names (in order) "Willelmus, Chungundis…Vuithbergis…" as relatives of Bernard, husband of Doda[436], these three individuals being identifiable as the father of Bernard and his two wives."
Med Lands cites:

; Per Racines et Histoire (Toulouse): “Guillaume ° 750/55 + entre 28/05/812/13 et 21/05/815 ou un 28/05 entre 812 et 815 comte de Toulouse (789, par Charlemagne) et marquis de Septimanie (-806), X (sans doute) les Sarazins (Cordoba, 801) (fonde l’Abbaye de Gellone en 804 et s’y fait moine en 806 ; cite toute sa famille dans sa charte de fondation 14 ou 15/12/804)
     ép. 1) Cunégonde
     ép. 2) Guitburge”.⁵ Kunigunde (?) was also known as Cunegonde (?)³ GAV-31.

Reference: Genealogics cites: Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag Marburg., Detlev Schwennicke, Editor, Reference: III 731.¹

     Ermengarde d'Auvergne married Bernard Plantevelue (?) Cte d'Autun, de Rodez, d'Auvergne et de Toulouse, marquis de Gothie, son of Bernard/Bernhard (?) Comte d'Autun, Marquis de Septimanie, comte dde Barcelona and Dhuoda/Doda (?) de Gascogne.^{9,2,10,11,4,5}

Ermengarde d'Auvergne died after June 881; Genealogics says s. aft Jun 881; Med lands says d. aft 21 Jul 883.^4,5
      ; Per Stewart email [2004]:
     "...it is certain that the Bernard who was married to Liedgardis was a count & that he was lay abbot of Saint-Julien, but not that they were parents of the Ermengardis who married Bernard Plantevelue.
     "A couple of differing theories that may still be circulating in some quarters are:
     "Maurice Chaume's (in volume 1 of _Les origines du duché de Bourgogne_ (4 vols, Dijon, 1925-31), that she was daughter of Hugo, count of Bourges.
     "Constance Bouchard's (in 'Family Structure and Family Consciousness among the Aristocracy in the Ninth to Eleventh Centuries', _Francia_ 14/1 (1986)), that she was daughter of Count Warin and Aba (Albana).
     "This is part of the trilogy of pieces which I mentioned earlier, dealing with the evolution of the church's proscription of consanguineous marriages.
     "In both cases the argument is largely confined to onomastics. Neither is persuasive enough to overturn the conventional guess outlined earlier, but then of course that is far enough from satisfactory that alternatives are still put forward.
     "It will be interesting to see what Christian Settipani makes of this & the other Bernards and their families in the long-awaited second part of his book on the Capetian pre-history. I hope to avoid thrashing around it further on SGM, and muddying the waters for some partipants' databases, before that is published."¹²

; Per Stewart email [2004]:
     "Bernhard II known as Plantevelue (Plantapilosa), born at Uzès on 22 March 841, was lay abbot of Saint-Julien de Brioude (evidently by right of his wife), count of Autun, Rodez & Auvergne (after 872), and died between 20 June 885 & August 886. His wife Ermengardis (birth year unknown, died after June 881) was daughter of another Count Bernhard & Liedgardis - he is thought to have been count of Auvergne & lay abbot of Saint-Julien de Brioude, but this is not certain."⁹

; Per Med Lands:
     "BERNARD "Plantevelue", son of BERNARD Marquis of Septimania & his wife Doda --- (Uzès 22 Mar 841-[20 Jun 885/16 Aug 886], maybe 6 Jan 886). The Manual of Dhuoda records the birth "XI Kal Apr", in the year following the death of Emperor Louis, at "Uzecia urbes" of the second child [Bernard] of Doda and her husband Bernard[130]. The Annales Bertiniani name "rex markiones Bernardum scilicet Tolosæ et iterum Bernardum Gothiæ, itemque Bernardum alium" in 868[131], this being Bernard Marquis of Gothia, although the date of his appointment has not so far been traced. Lay Abbot of Brioude 857/68. Comte d'Autun 864/69, deposed. "Bernardus comes et uxor eius Ermengardis" donated property "ecclesiam…in villa…Viciaco…et in villa Lubiriaco…et in villa…Dignaciaco…in…patria Arvernica in vicaria Randanensi" to Saint-Julien de Brioude by charter dated 10 Mar [867][132]. Comte de Rodez/Rouergue 864/74. Comte d'Auvergne after 872. The Annales Bertiniani name "Bernardum Arvenicum comitem" in 877[133]. "Petrus" donated property "in pago Arvernico in comitatu Brivatensi in vicaria Nonatensi..." to Saint-Julien de Brioude for the souls of "Bernardi...comitis necnon...Bernardi comitis eiusque conjugis Inmengardis...comitissa, horumque prolis" by charter dated Jan "anno secundo regnante rege Francorum Carolo"[134]. "Bernardus…comes et uxor mea Hermengardis" donated property "in pago Rutenico, in vicaria Severiacense…villa…Bautone" to the abbey of Conques by charter dated 21 Jul 882[135]. "Bernardus comes et uxor mea Hermengardis" donated property to Conques abbey by charter dated 21 Jul 883[136]. He obtained the county of Mâcon during the wars between the Carolingians and the Bosonids[137]. The 13th century obituary of the Eglise primatiale de Lyon records the death "VIII Id Jan" of "Bernardus comes"[138], although it is not certain that this relates to the same person.
     "m ERMENGARDE, daughter of [BERNARD Comte [d'Auvergne] & his wife Liegardis ---] (-after 21 Jul 883). Ermengarde is shown in Europäische Stammtafeln as the daughter of Bernard and his wife Liegardis[139]. The primary source on which this information is based has not yet been identified. It is possible that it results from the charter dated Jan "anno secundo regnante rege Francorum Carolo" under which "Petrus" donated property "in pago Arvernico in comitatu Brivatensi in vicaria Nonatensi..." to Saint-Julien de Brioude for the souls of "Bernardi...comitis necnon...Bernardi comitis eiusque conjugis Inmengardis...comitissa, horumque prolis"[140]. The document does not specify any family relationship between the first-named Comte Bernard and the second or his wife Ermengarde. If such a family relationship existed, one of the possibilities is that Ermengarde was the daughter of the first Bernard. "Bernardus comes et uxor eius Ermengardis" donated property "ecclesiam…in villa…Viciaco…et in villa Lubiriaco…et in villa…Dignaciaco…in…patria Arvernica in vicaria Randanensi" to Saint-Julien de Brioude by charter dated 10 Mar [867][141]. "Bernardus comes et uxor mea Hermengardis" donated property to Conques abbey by charter dated 21 Jul 883[142]. "Bernardus…comes et uxor mea Hermengardis" donated property "in pago Rutenico, in vicaria Severiacense…villa…Bautone" to the abbey of Conques by charter dated 21 Jul 882[143]. "Princeps et marchio Willelmus" donated property to the church of Holy Trinity "pro…animæ patris mei Bernardi et matris meæ Ermengardis…" by charter dated Nov 916[144]. Her parents are shown in Europäische Stammtafeln[145] but the primary source on which this is based has not yet been identified. "
Med Lands cites: GAV-31 EDV-31.

Reference: Genealogics cites: Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag Marburg., Detlev Schwennicke, Editor, Reference: III 731.⁴

; Per Med Lands:
     "[ERMENGARDE (-after 21 Jul 883). Ermengarde is shown in Europäische Stammtafeln as the daughter of Bernard and his wife Liegardis[924]. The primary source on which this information is based has not yet been identified. It is possible that it results from the charter dated Jan "anno secundo regnante rege Francorum Carolo" under which "Petrus" donated property "in pago Arvernico in comitatu Brivatensi in vicaria Nonatensi..." to Saint-Julien de Brioude for the souls of "Bernardi...comitis necnon...Bernardi comitis eiusque conjugis Inmengardis...comitissa, horumque prolis"[925]. The document does not specify any family relationship between the first-named Comte Bernard and the second or his wife Ermengarde. If such a family relationship existed, one of the possibilities is that Ermengarde was the daughter of the first Bernard. "Bernardus comes et uxor eius Ermengardis" donated property "ecclesiam…in villa…Viciaco…et in villa Lubiriaco…et in villa…Dignaciaco…in…patria Arvernica in vicaria Randanensi" to Saint-Julien de Brioude by charter dated 10 Mar [867][926]. "Bernardus comes et uxor mea Hermengardis" donated property to Conques abbey by charter dated 21 Jul 883[927]. "Princeps et marchio Willelmus" donated property to the church of Holy Trinity "pro…animæ patris mei Bernardi et matris meæ Ermengardis…" by charter dated Nov 916[928].
     "m BERNARD "Plantevelue", son of BERNARD Marquis of Septimania & his wife Doda --- (Uzès 22 Mar 841-[20 Jun 885/16 Aug 886], maybe 6 Jan 886). Comte d'Autun 864-869. Comte d'Auvergne after 872.]"
Med Lands cites:

     Edward Hancock of Twining, co. Gloucester married Alice Jeffreys.^3,2

     GAV-11 GKJ-11.

; Weis [AR7] 258-38.⁴

     Alice Jeffreys married Edward Hancock of Twining, co. Gloucester.^2,1


Her estate was probated on 26 March 1639.³

     GAV-11 GKJ-11.

Alice Jeffreys left a will on 31 May 1635.³

      .²

     Sir Robert Wynnington of Cheshire married Katherine/Alice Holland, daughter of Robert Holland of Bretton, Wales and Rose Skevington.^2,3

     Reference: Genealogics cites: The History of the County Palatine and City of Chester 2nd Edition, Ormerod, George & Thomas Helsby. 2:205.²

; Weis AR7 258-33.⁴ Sir Robert Wynnington of Cheshire was also known as Robert Winnington.²