Person Page - 173

     Arengarde de Mauleon married Aimery IV de Thouars Vicomte de Thouars, son of Geoffroi II de Thouars Vicomte de Thouars and Aenor (?),
; his 1st wife.^2,3,1 Arengarde de Mauleon was born circa 1030 at Mauléon, France.¹
Arengarde de Mauleon died in 1069.⁴
     GAV-25.

; Weis [AR7] line 183-1.² She was living in 1060.¹

     Guillaume IV Taillefer (?) Comte d'Angoulême was born circa 970 at Angoulême, Departement de la Charente, Poitou-Charentes, France (now); Genealogics says b. est. 970; Wikipedia says b. c 952; Med Lands says b. 978.^1,3,6,7,8,4 He married Geberge d'Anjou, daughter of Geoffroi I "Grisegonelle" (?) Comte d'Anjou and Adèle de Troyes, before 1000 at Angoulême, Departement de la Charente, Poitou-Charentes, France.^9,4

Guillaume IV Taillefer (?) Comte d'Angoulême died on 6 April 1028 at Angoulême, Departement de la Charente, Poitou-Charentes, France (now); poisoned "by his daughter in law, Alaisia."^1,2,3,6,7,4
Guillaume IV Taillefer (?) Comte d'Angoulême was buried after 6 April 1028 at Saint-Cybard, Verdille, Departement de la Charente, Poitou-Charentes, France; From Find A Grave:
     BIRTH     unknown, Angouleme, Departement de la Charente, Poitou-Charentes, France
     DEATH     1028, Angouleme, Departement de la Charente, Poitou-Charentes, France
     BURIAL     Saint-Cybard, Verdille, Departement de la Charente, Poitou-Charentes, France
     Created by: YankeeGraver
     Added: 19 Apr 2017
     Find A Grave Memorial 178562792.^10,4
     GAV-27 EDV-27.

; Per Wikipedia:
     "William Taillefer (c. 952 – March 1028), numbered William II (as the second with the sobriquet Taillefer) or William IV (as the fourth William in his family), was the Count of Angoulême from 987. He was the son of Count Arnald II Manzer and grandson of Count William Taillefer I. He stood at the head of the family which controlled not only the Angoumois, but also the Agenais and part of Saintonge.[1] By the time of his death he was "the leading magnate in [the west] of Aquitaine[, but his] eminence ... proved temporary and illusory," evaporating on his death in succession squabbles, revolts and the predations of his erstwhile allies.[2] The principal sources for William's career are Ademar of Chabannes and the anonymous Historia pontificum et comitum Engolismensium.[3]
     "Between 994 and 1000 William married Ermengarde-Gerberga, widow of Conan I of Brittany and sister of Fulk III of Anjou, who held some castles in Saintonge and Poitou from William as fiefs (pro bene fico). William was perhaps countering the growing strength of the Counts of La Marche in northern Aquitaine since their family succeeded to the County of Périgord, previously dominated by Angoulême, in 975.[2] Fulk was also an ally of Duke William V of Aquitaine, nominal suzerain of Angoulême, and William Taillefer entered into their alliance through marriage. It is also probable that Fulk saw William as a potential ally against the duke and his county of Angoulême as providing a bulwark against aggressions aimed at Fulk's recent acquisition of Saintes and its citadel, the Capitolium.[4] William, exercising the secular control of the church typical of this era, gave the abbacy of Saint-Cybard and later the Bishopric of Angoulême to Grimoard, a brother of Islo, who was both allied with Fulk by marriage and serving as bishop in Fulk's city of Saintes.[5]
     "Count William aided the duke against the Boso II of La Marche and in return the duke supported the count's extension of his authority into the Bordelais.[2] William was regularly present with the duke's court from about 1000 until October 1010, when an important meeting involving the duke, King Robert II of France, King Sancho III of Navarre and Duke Sancho VI of Gascony took place at the church of Saint Jean d'Angély.[6] His absence from this meeting probably indicates the growing enmity between Duke William and Fulk of Anjou.[7]
     "Although his fiefs (honores) had initially dominated the border between Saintonge and Poitou (where he subinfeudated some to Fulk), by 1024 William was exercising authority over all Saintonge.[8] In Poitou William controlled the viscounty of Melle and its strongly fortified castrum (citadel).[8] On one occasion William granted outright a church he owned to "his faithful [man]" Iterius, which illustrates how the feudal practice of granting lands in benefice had not completely overtaken the south of France.[9] In 1020 William of Angoulême furthered his influence in Gascony by marrying his son to a daughter of Sancho VI.[2]
     "On 6 March 1025 a major assembly of Aquitanian prelates and barons met to discuss the claim of Duke William's son, William the Fat, for the Kingdom of Italy. William Taillefer and his eldest son were present.[10] On 1 October 1026 William left on a pilgrimage to the Holy Sepulchre.[11] He travelled through Hungary and Slavonia, even though these regions were generally avoided at that time by pilgrims, since they had only recently been converted to Christianity, according to Ademar.[12]
     "William died in March 1028[13] and was buried in the monastery of Saint-Cybard. An assembly of the principes et nobiles of Angoulême, Périgord and Saintonge met to judge the woman accused of poisoning him.[14] William was succeeded at Angoulême by his eldest son, Alduin II, whose younger brother Geoffrey quarreled with him over the inheritance in Bordelais. Revolts broke out in Saintonge, where within a decade the Angoulêmes' authority had lapsed completely.[2]
Notes
1. According to Ademar of Chabannes, Agen was a vassal of the Count of Toulouse. Their holdings in the Saintonge are referenced in a document of 1021, which is found in the cartulary of Saint Jean d'Angély.
2. A. R. Lewis, [The Development of] Southern French and Catalan Society, [718–1050] (Austin: University of Texas Press, 1960), 347–48.
3. Cf. Adémar de Chabannes, Chronique, ed. Jules Chavanon (Paris, 1897); and Jacques Boussard, ed., Historia pontificum et comitum Engolismensium (Paris, 1957), chapters 26–30.
4. B. S. Bachrach, Fulk Nerra, [the Neo-Roman Consul, 987–1040: A Political Biography of the Angevin Count] (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993), 69.
5. Bachrach, Fulk Nerra, 85.
6. Gonzalo Martínez Díez, Sancho III el Mayor: [Rey de Pamplona, Rex Ibericus] (Madrid: Marcial Pons Historia, 2007), 110–11.
7. Bachrach, Fulk Nerra, 122.
8. Bachrach, Fulk Nerra, 163.
9. Lewis, Southern French and Catalan Society, 268 n.43, quoting Ademar: Iterio fidelio suo.
10. Bachrach, Fulk Nerra, 175.
11. Bachrach, Fulk Nerra, 184.
12. John V. A. Fine, Jr., When Ethnicity Did Not Matter [in the Balkans: A Study of Identity in Pre-Nationalist Croatia, Dalmatia, and Slavonia in the Medieval and Early-Modern Periods] (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2006), 73.
13. Bachrach, Fulk Nerra, 200.
14. Lewis, Southern French and Catalan Society, 367, incorrectly dates this court to 1027.
Further reading
** B. S. Bachrach. "The Angevin Strategy of Castle Building in the Reign of Fulk Nerra, 987–1040." The American Historical Review 88 (1963): 533–60.
** B. S. Bachrach. "Toward a Reappraisal of William the Great, Duke of Aquitaine (995–1030)." Journal of Medieval History 4 (1979): 11–21."⁸

Reference: Genealogics cites: Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag, Marburg, Schwennicke, Detlev (Ed.) 3:817.⁷

; Per Med Lands:
     "GUILLAUME [IV] d'Angoulême ([978]-6 Apr 1028, bur Angoulême Saint-Cybard). The Chronicle of Adémar de Chabannes records that "Willelmum filium suum" succeeded "Arnaldus" in Angoulême[515]. He succeeded on the abdication of his father in 988 as Comte d'Angoulême. "Willelmus comes" restored the monastery of Saint-Amant-de-Boixe to the cathedral of Angoulême by charter dated 988 after 4 Mar, naming "genitoris mei Arnaldi et Bellus Homo clericus avunculus meus"[516]. "Guilelmus Aquitaniencum dux" founded a hospital near Saint-Hilaire de Poitiers by charter dated Jan 989, subscribed by "Emma comitissa, Guillelmi filium eius, Guilelmi comitis Engolismæ…"[517]. "Willelmus Engolismensium comes" founded the priory of Vindelle with the consent of "coniuge mea Girberge atque filiis…meis vivis Helduini seu Gauzfredi" for the souls of "progenitoris mei seu genetrice mea Hernaldi atque Raingardi" by undated charter which also names "[filii sui] defuncti Harnaldi atque Willelmi"[518]. "…Willelmi Engolisme comitis, Alduini eius filius…" subscribed the charter dated 3 Aug 1016 under which "Guilelmus…dux Aquitaniensium" granted rights to Saint-Hilaire de Poitier[519]. "Willelmo comite et uxore sua Girberga, Hilduinus filius comiti" subscribed a charter under which "Arnaldus et uxor mea Rixendis et filius meus Helias" donated property to the cathedral of Angoulême dated 20 May 1020[520]. A charter of the church of Angoulême dated to [1028/30] refers to a donation by "Willelmi…comes pater Aldoini comitis"[521]. The Historia Pontificum et Comitum Engolismensis records that “comes Willelmus eius avus” disinherited “filios et filias” [of Hilduin] because “uxor eiusdem Audoini” had poisoned him (presumably unscuccessfully)[522]. The Historia Pontificum et Comitum Engolismensis records that "Willelmus comes" distributed his honours between "filios suos et conjugem suam" and devoted himself to religion before dying, adding that he was buried “dominica sancta Osanna...ad basilicam Sancti Eparchii” and that his death “quo venit de Ierusalem...VI Id Apr vigilia Osanna” 1028 was recorded in his epitaph[523]. The Chronicle of Adémar de Chabannes records the death "VIII Id Apr 1028" of "Willelmus comes" and his burial "ad basilicam beati Eparchii"[524].
     "m (before 1000) GERBERGE d'Anjou, daughter of GEOFFROY I "Grisegonelle" Comte d'Anjou & his first wife Adela de Meaux [Vermandois] (974[525] or before-after 1 Apr 1041). The Chronicle of Adémar de Chabannes records the marriage of "comes…Engolismæ Willelmus" and "Girberga sorore comitis Fulconis"[526]. The Historia Pontificum et Comitum Engolismensis names "Giberta sorore comitis Guillermi Andegavensis" as wife of "Guillermus Comes Engolismensis"[527]. "Gaufredus et uxor mea Petronilla" donated property "ecclesiam Sancti Pauli…in Sanctonensi territorio subter castrum…Botavilla" to Savigny on the advice of "Vuillelmi comitis Engolismensis et uxoris eius dominæ Girbergiæ patris…mei et matris et domini Elduini fratris mei" by charter dated before 1028[528]."
Med Lands cites:

; Per Genealogics:
     "Guillaume IV Taillefer was the son of Arnauld Mancer, comte d'Angoulême and his first wife Raingarde. In his younger years he was a loyal follower of his liege lord Guillaume II-IV 'Fier a bras', duc d'Aquitaine, comte de Poitou, from whom he held the castle of Blaye in fief. Later he became an ally of Foulques III 'Nerra', comte d'Anjou, for whom he besieged Taillebourg in the Saintonge and destroyed it.
     "About 1000 he married Foulques III's sister Ermengarde-Girberge d'Anjou, widow of Conon I 'le Tort', duc de Bretagne, and daughter of Geoffrey I, comte d'Anjou, and Adelais de Vermandois. They had about six sons of whom Geoffroy is recorded with progeny. The eldest son Alduin II married Alaisia de Gasçogne and had progeny, and a son Foulques also married, though the details are not recorded.
     "Guillaume is remembered primarily as leader of a large party of pilgrims, consisting of high-ranking nobles, which left Angoulême on 1 October 1026 and passed via Hungary and Constantinople to arrive in Jerusalem in the first week of March 1027. By June or July 1027 Guillaume had returned to Angoulême to great acclaim by the population. When he became seriously ill a few months later in the winter of 1027, his son Alduin arrested several women on suspicion of witchcraft and tortured them to force them to confess. When Guillaume, lying on his deathbed, heard of this he ordered the release of the women. He died on 6 April 1028, and was buried the next day in the abbey of Saint-Cybard. Alduin nevertheless ordered that the women be burnt at the stake because some of them had confessed under torture.
     "A 12th century chronicle recorded that Guillaume was actually poisoned by his daughter-in-law Alaisia, the wife of Alduin, because he intended to disinherit their children. It is possible that this claim was circulated for propaganda purposes by the descendants of Geoffroy, the second son of Guillaume, who took power after the death of Alduin in 1032, displacing Alduin's children."¹¹

; Per Racines et Histoire (Amjou): "1) Gerberge d’Anjou ° ~962/974
     ép. Guillaume II «Taillefer» d’Angoulême ° 960/78 + 06/04/1028"
Per Racines et Histoire (Angoulême): "1) Guilhem (Guillaume) IV d’Angoulême ° 978 + 06/04/1028 (ou 1026 ?) (ass., empoisonné par sa belle-fille Alaisia) comte d’Angoulême (988) (restaure le monastère de Saint-Amant de Boixe par charte après 04/03/988 ; fonde le prieuré de Vindelle ; don à la Cathédrale d’Angoulême 20/05/1020)
     ép. dès 1000 Gerberge d’Anjou ° ~974 + après 01/05/1041 (fille de Geoffroi 1er «Grisegonelle», comte d’Anjou, et d’Adela de Meaux (Vermandois) ; soeur de Foulques d’Anjou.)^12,13 " He was Comte de Angouleme in 988.³

      ; Wikipedia cites: George Edward Cokayne, ed. H. A. Doubleday, Geoffrey H. White, & Lord Howard de Walden, The Complete Peerage; or, A History of the House of Lords and All its Members from the Earliest.¹

     Mainard "le Riche" d'Archaic Seigneur d'Archiac et d'Udulgardis married Hildegarde (?)^2,3,4
Mainard "le Riche" d'Archaic Seigneur d'Archiac et d'Udulgardis was born circa 973 at France.⁵
     GAV-27 EDV-27.

Reference: Genealogics cires: The Plantagenet Ancestry, Baltimore, 1975 , Turton, Lt.Col. W. H. 10.²

; Per Med Lands:
     "MAINARD "le Riche" . He is named in the Historia Pontificum et Comitum Engolismensis which records that "Gaufredus seu Josfredus" married [his daughter] "Petronilla filia Marnardi dicti Divitis, domini Archiaci et Botavillæ...sola eius heres"[1013]. Seigneur d'Archiac.
     "m UDULGARDIS, daughter of ---."
Med Lands cites:

     Hildegarde (?) married Mainard "le Riche" d'Archaic Seigneur d'Archiac et d'Udulgardis.^2,1,3
Hildegarde (?) was born circa 977 at France.⁴
      ; Per Med Lands:
     "MAINARD "le Riche" . He is named in the Historia Pontificum et Comitum Engolismensis which records that "Gaufredus seu Josfredus" married [his daughter] "Petronilla filia Marnardi dicti Divitis, domini Archiaci et Botavillæ...sola eius heres"[1013]. Seigneur d'Archiac.
     "m UDULGARDIS, daughter of ---."
Med Lands cites: GAV-31 EDV-28. Hildegarde (?) was also known as Udulgardis (?)³

Reference: Genealogics cires: The Plantagenet Ancestry, Baltimore, 1975 , Turton, Lt.Col. W. H. 10.¹

     Hugues IV "le Brun" de Lusignan Sire de Lusignan was born circa 970.¹ He married Auliarde/Aldearde (?) de Thouars, daughter of Raoul I (?) Vicomte de Thouars and Aremburge/Asceline (?).^2,8,5,6

Hugues IV "le Brun" de Lusignan Sire de Lusignan died between 1025 and 1032.^1,5
     Reference: Genealogics cites: Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag Marburg., Detlev Schwennicke, Editor, Reference: III 815.⁶

; Per Genealogics:
     "Hugues IV, called 'le Brun' or 'Brunus' ('the Brown'), was the fourth lord of Lusignan, the son of Hugues III 'le Blanc' and Arsende. He was a bellicose noble who brought his family out of obscurity and on their way to prominence in European and eventually even Middle Eastern affairs.
     "Hugues spent many years in war with the viscounts of Thouars over a fief he claimed was rightfully his. Peace was obtained briefly by Hugues' marriage to Auliarde de Thouars, the daughter of Raoul I, vicomte de Thouars and his wife Aremburge. Hugues received the castle of Mouzeuil as a dowry. He already held the castle of Lusignan, built by his grandfather Hugues 'le Cher', and that of Couhé, built by the duke of Aquitaine, which Hugues restored. However when Raoul died, his successor Geoffroy retook Mouzeuil.
     "Hugues also engaged in a long war with Aimery I, lord of Rançon, who seized Civray, a fief of Bernard I de La Marche. By alliance with Guillaume III-V 'Le Grand', duc d'Aquitaine and comte de Poitou, Hugues and Bernard retook Civray and Hugues held it as a fief, though he lost it soon after. Nevertheless, he continued his war with Aimery.
     "When the viscounty of Châtellerault fell vacant, Hugues asked the duke for it, but was put off with empty promises. Hugues then waged war against the duke until Guillaume granted him the fief of Vivonne, which had once belonged to his uncle Joscelin. Guillaume later deprived Hugues of the proceeds of the tax on Saint-Maixent which his mother Emma de Blois, wife of Guillaume II-IV 'Fier a bras', duc d'Aquitaine and comte de Poitou, had granted Hugues' father.
     "On 6 March 1025, Hugues exchanged lands with the abbey of Saint-Hilaire of Poitiers in order to found a monastery. The duke obtained two charters from King Robert II confirming this monastic establishment and another at Couhé. Hugues and the Poitevin bishop Isembart then sent letters to Pope John XIX to beg exemption for his monasteries from all authority save that of Nouaillé. The exemption was granted.
     "At the monastery of Notre-Dame de Lusignan, a monk chronicler wrote the _Conventum inter Guillelmum ducem Aquitaniae et Hugonem Chiliarchum_ celebrating Hugues' war making activities. According to the _Conventum,_ Hugues died a year after his final agreement with the duke, probably in about 1026. He left two sons by Auliarde: Hugues V who succeeded him, and Rorgo."⁶

; This is the same person as:
”Hugh IV of Lusignan” at Wikipedia and as
”Hugues IV de Lusignan” at Wikipédia (Fr.)^9,10 GAV-27.

; Per Racines et Histoire (Lusignan): "Hugues IV de Lusignan «Le Brun» ou «Le Chiliarche» («Chiliarcus», «Brunus») + 1025/32 croisé en Espagne (~1020) (donne un bois à Saint-Cyprien ; souscrit 4 chartes en faveur des Abbayes de Saint-Jean d’Angély et Saint-Cyprien de Poitiers par Agnès de Bourgogne et Guillaume V, duc & duchesse de Guyenne ; cité 1025 chronique de Saint-Maixent ; revendique contre Guillaume VII de Poitou, les terres de Vivonne, Melle, Gençay, Chizé, Malvau, Civray et Confolens ; édifie le château de Couhé)
     ép. Audéarde (Aldéarde) de Chabanais (probable fille de Jourdain II de Chabanais ; cette identification pose problème car le duc Guillaume V d’Aquitaine a joué un rôle trouble dans les relations agressives entres les Thouars et les Lusignan et sur leurs politiques matrimoniales au point qu’on ignore encore formellement qui était l’épouse d’Hugues IV ; le Dictionnaire de la Noblesse la donne pour fille de Raoul 1er, vicomte de Thouars ; Medlands envisage prudemment une alliance Chabanais)"


Per Racines et Histoire (Chabanais): "Audéarde (Aldéarde) de Chabanais (probable fille de Jourdain II de Chabanais ; le Dictionnaire de la Noblesse la donne pour fille de Raoul 1er, vicomte de Thouars)
     ép. Hugues IV de Lusignan «Le Brun» ou «Le Chiliarche» («Chiliarcus», «Brunus») + 1025/32 croisé en Espagne (~1020) (fils de Hugues III de Lusignan «Le Blanc» («Albus») + 1012 et d’Arsende.)^11,12 "

; Per Med Lands:
     "HUGUES [IV] "le Brun" de Lusignan, son of HUGUES [III] "le Blanc" Seigneur de Lusignan & his wife Arsende --- (-[1025/32]). The Chronicle of Saint-Maixent names "Hugonis Bruni" as "castrum Liziniacum…domini" and son of "Hugonis Albi"[280]. Seigneur de Lusignan. "Ugo Liziniacensis domnus" donated property to St Cyprien, Poitiers by charter dated [1012/18], subscribed by "Arsendis matris eius"[281]. "Wilelmus Pictavorum comes et dux Aquitanorum…filius Guillelmi comitis" [Guillaume V Duke of Aquitaine] granted revenue to "militi meo…Ugoni", to compensate him for the loss of revenue from a tax imposed on the town of Saint-Maixent, by charter dated to [1023/26][282]. An undated charter, dated to [1030], records a final agreement between Guillaume V Duke of Aquitaine and “Hugone Chiliarcum” [Hugues [IV] Seigneur de Lusignan] settling long-standing disputes (see below for a summary of the marriage negotiations for Hugues which formed part of settlement proposals)[283]. The document records the territorial ambitions of "Hugone Chiliarchum" in "castro…Vicredoni…castrum Coacus…Kaziaco…castrum Malavallis…Malè…Aspremundo castro…castrum Gentiaco…" . It also records that Hugues [IV] died a year after his final agreement with Duke Guillaume. Painter suggests that his death should be dated to some time between 1025 and 1032[284].
     "m AUDEARDE, daughter of ---. "Hugo Liziniacensis" donated property to St Cyprien by charter dated [1025] "sub testimonio Hildeardis uxoris sue et infantum suorum Hugonis et Rorgonis, Walterii prepositi et Belielini filii eius"[285]. The naming of Audéarde's grandson, Jourdain, suggests a connection with the family of Chabanais. In addition, the cartulary of Lesterps states that Jourdain [III] de Chabanais was killed at "Casech", most likely Chizé, which had been taken by Hugues [IV] Seigneur de Lusignan in order to obtain Vivonne. Duguet records that the name "Audeard" is found in the Chabanais family, a first cousin of Jourdain [III] of this name being a nun at Saint-Sylvain de la Mongie in 1010[286]. There are indications of a plan for Hugues [IV] to marry --- de Thouars, daughter of Raoul [I] Vicomte de Thouars & his wife Aremburgis [Aisceline] ---. An undated charter, dated to [1030], records a final agreement between Guillaume V Duke of Aquitaine and “Hugone Chiliarcum” [Hugues [IV] Seigneur de Lusignan] settling long-standing disputes, reciting that “Savaricus...vicecomes” had taken from Hugues land which Duke Guillaume had granted, that after Savary’s death a settlement was proposed with “Radulfo fratri supra dicto mortuo” involving Hugues marrying “vicecomiti Radulfo...filiam eius”, that Duke Guillaume had counter-proposed that Hugues should receive "de castro Parteniaco Ioscelinus…honorem et mulierem eius", that after Raoul’s death a new agreement was reached “cum Josfredum vicecomite...nepos...Radulfo”[287]. Imbert indicates that the marriage between Hugues [IV] and the daughter of Vicomte Raoul did take place[288]. However, it is unclear from the charter dated to [1030] that this is correct. In any case, the dispute dragged on so long without resolution that it would not be surprising if Hugues had married another person in the meantime. The conclusion is that there is no certainty that Audéarde, wife of Hugues [IV], was the daughter of Raoul [I] Vicomte de Thouars."
Med Lands cites:

; Per Genealogy.EU (de Lusignan): "Hugues IV; m.Aldiarde de Thouars; had a son."¹³

; Per Med Lands:
     "daughter . An undated charter, dated to [1030], records a final agreement between Guillaume V Duke of Aquitaine and “Hugone Chiliarcum” [Hugues [IV] Seigneur de Lusignan] settling long-standing disputes, reciting that “Savaricus...vicecomes” had taken from Hugues land which Duke Guillaume had granted, that after Savary’s death a settlement was proposed with “Radulfo fratri supra dicto mortuo” involving Hugues marrying “vicecomiti Radulfo...filiam eius”, that Duke Guillaume had counter-proposed that Hugues should marry “uxorem Joscelini”, that after Raoul’s death a new agreement was reached “cum Josfredum vicecomite...nepos...Radulfo”[1103]. Imbert indicates that the marriage between Hugues [IV] and the daughter of Vicomte Raoul did take place[1104]. However, it is unclear from the charter dated to [1030] that this is correct. In any case, the dispute dragged on so long without resolution that it would not be surprising if Hugues had married another person in the meantime. The conclusion is that there is no certainty that Audéarde, wife of Hugues [IV], was the daughter of Raoul [I] Vicomte de Thouars."
Med Lands cites: He was Seigneur de Lusignan between 1012 and 1030.⁹

     Auliarde/Aldearde (?) de Thouars was born circa 989.⁷ She married Hugues IV "le Brun" de Lusignan Sire de Lusignan, son of Hugues III "le Blanc" de Lusignan Seigneur de Lusignan and Arsende (?).^8,4,9,10

      ; Per Med Lands:
     "HUGUES [IV] "le Brun" de Lusignan, son of HUGUES [III] "le Blanc" Seigneur de Lusignan & his wife Arsende --- (-[1025/32]). The Chronicle of Saint-Maixent names "Hugonis Bruni" as "castrum Liziniacum…domini" and son of "Hugonis Albi"[280]. Seigneur de Lusignan. "Ugo Liziniacensis domnus" donated property to St Cyprien, Poitiers by charter dated [1012/18], subscribed by "Arsendis matris eius"[281]. "Wilelmus Pictavorum comes et dux Aquitanorum…filius Guillelmi comitis" [Guillaume V Duke of Aquitaine] granted revenue to "militi meo…Ugoni", to compensate him for the loss of revenue from a tax imposed on the town of Saint-Maixent, by charter dated to [1023/26][282]. An undated charter, dated to [1030], records a final agreement between Guillaume V Duke of Aquitaine and “Hugone Chiliarcum” [Hugues [IV] Seigneur de Lusignan] settling long-standing disputes (see below for a summary of the marriage negotiations for Hugues which formed part of settlement proposals)[283]. The document records the territorial ambitions of "Hugone Chiliarchum" in "castro…Vicredoni…castrum Coacus…Kaziaco…castrum Malavallis…Malè…Aspremundo castro…castrum Gentiaco…" . It also records that Hugues [IV] died a year after his final agreement with Duke Guillaume. Painter suggests that his death should be dated to some time between 1025 and 1032[284].
     "m AUDEARDE, daughter of ---. "Hugo Liziniacensis" donated property to St Cyprien by charter dated [1025] "sub testimonio Hildeardis uxoris sue et infantum suorum Hugonis et Rorgonis, Walterii prepositi et Belielini filii eius"[285]. The naming of Audéarde's grandson, Jourdain, suggests a connection with the family of Chabanais. In addition, the cartulary of Lesterps states that Jourdain [III] de Chabanais was killed at "Casech", most likely Chizé, which had been taken by Hugues [IV] Seigneur de Lusignan in order to obtain Vivonne. Duguet records that the name "Audeard" is found in the Chabanais family, a first cousin of Jourdain [III] of this name being a nun at Saint-Sylvain de la Mongie in 1010[286]. There are indications of a plan for Hugues [IV] to marry --- de Thouars, daughter of Raoul [I] Vicomte de Thouars & his wife Aremburgis [Aisceline] ---. An undated charter, dated to [1030], records a final agreement between Guillaume V Duke of Aquitaine and “Hugone Chiliarcum” [Hugues [IV] Seigneur de Lusignan] settling long-standing disputes, reciting that “Savaricus...vicecomes” had taken from Hugues land which Duke Guillaume had granted, that after Savary’s death a settlement was proposed with “Radulfo fratri supra dicto mortuo” involving Hugues marrying “vicecomiti Radulfo...filiam eius”, that Duke Guillaume had counter-proposed that Hugues should receive "de castro Parteniaco Ioscelinus…honorem et mulierem eius", that after Raoul’s death a new agreement was reached “cum Josfredum vicecomite...nepos...Radulfo”[287]. Imbert indicates that the marriage between Hugues [IV] and the daughter of Vicomte Raoul did take place[288]. However, it is unclear from the charter dated to [1030] that this is correct. In any case, the dispute dragged on so long without resolution that it would not be surprising if Hugues had married another person in the meantime. The conclusion is that there is no certainty that Audéarde, wife of Hugues [IV], was the daughter of Raoul [I] Vicomte de Thouars."
Med Lands cites:

; Per Genealogy.EU (de Lusignan): "Hugues IV; m.Aldiarde de Thouars; had a son."¹¹

; Per Racines et Histoire (Lusignan): "Hugues IV de Lusignan «Le Brun» ou «Le Chiliarche» («Chiliarcus», «Brunus») + 1025/32 croisé en Espagne (~1020) (donne un bois à Saint-Cyprien ; souscrit 4 chartes en faveur des Abbayes de Saint-Jean d’Angély et Saint-Cyprien de Poitiers par Agnès de Bourgogne et Guillaume V, duc & duchesse de Guyenne ; cité 1025 chronique de Saint-Maixent ; revendique contre Guillaume VII de Poitou, les terres de Vivonne, Melle, Gençay, Chizé, Malvau, Civray et Confolens ; édifie le château de Couhé)
     ép. Audéarde (Aldéarde) de Chabanais (probable fille de Jourdain II de Chabanais ; cette identification pose problème car le duc Guillaume V d’Aquitaine a joué un rôle trouble dans les relations agressives entres les Thouars et les Lusignan et sur leurs politiques matrimoniales au point qu’on ignore encore formellement qui était l’épouse d’Hugues IV ; le Dictionnaire de la Noblesse la donne pour fille de Raoul 1er, vicomte de Thouars ; Medlands envisage prudemment une alliance Chabanais)"


Per Racines et Histoire (Chabanais): "Audéarde (Aldéarde) de Chabanais (probable fille de Jourdain II de Chabanais ; le Dictionnaire de la Noblesse la donne pour fille de Raoul 1er, vicomte de Thouars)
     ép. Hugues IV de Lusignan «Le Brun» ou «Le Chiliarche» («Chiliarcus», «Brunus») + 1025/32 croisé en Espagne (~1020) (fils de Hugues III de Lusignan «Le Blanc» («Albus») + 1012 et d’Arsende.)^12,13 "

; NB: There is uncertainty about the father of Auliarde/Aldearde.
     Genealogics says it was Raoul I de Thouars.
     Med Lands says it may have been Raoul I de Thouars, but also explains why it might not have been.
     Genealogy.EU (Lusignan and Chabanais) says it was probably Jourdain II de Chabanais.
My Conclusion: I have chosen to follow and Genealogics and Med Lands. GA Vaut.^4,5,12,13,14 GAV-27.

Reference: Genealogics cites: Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag Marburg., Detlev Schwennicke, Editor, Reference: III 815.⁴ Auliarde/Aldearde (?) de Thouars was also known as Auliarde de Thouars.²

; Per Med Lands:
     "daughter . An undated charter, dated to [1030], records a final agreement between Guillaume V Duke of Aquitaine and “Hugone Chiliarcum” [Hugues [IV] Seigneur de Lusignan] settling long-standing disputes, reciting that “Savaricus...vicecomes” had taken from Hugues land which Duke Guillaume had granted, that after Savary’s death a settlement was proposed with “Radulfo fratri supra dicto mortuo” involving Hugues marrying “vicecomiti Radulfo...filiam eius”, that Duke Guillaume had counter-proposed that Hugues should marry “uxorem Joscelini”, that after Raoul’s death a new agreement was reached “cum Josfredum vicecomite...nepos...Radulfo”[1103]. Imbert indicates that the marriage between Hugues [IV] and the daughter of Vicomte Raoul did take place[1104]. However, it is unclear from the charter dated to [1030] that this is correct. In any case, the dispute dragged on so long without resolution that it would not be surprising if Hugues had married another person in the meantime. The conclusion is that there is no certainty that Audéarde, wife of Hugues [IV], was the daughter of Raoul [I] Vicomte de Thouars."
Med Lands cites: She was living in 1030.⁴

     Geoffroi II de Thouars Vicomte de Thouars married Aenor (?)¹
Geoffroi II de Thouars Vicomte de Thouars was born circa 985 at Thouars, Vienne, France.²
Geoffroi II de Thouars Vicomte de Thouars died between 1025 and 1065; WFT Est.³
Geoffroi II de Thouars Vicomte de Thouars died in April 1043 at St. Michael En Lherm, Provincia de León, Castilla y León, Spain.²
      ; Vcte Geoffroy II de Thouars, fl 1055; m.Aenor N.¹ GAV-26.

; Weis AR 183-1.⁴

     Aenor (?) married Geoffroi II de Thouars Vicomte de Thouars, son of Savary III de Thouars Vicomte de Thouars.¹
Aenor (?) was born in 989 at Thouars, Vienne, France.²
     GAV-26.

     Almodis de La Marche was born circa 1010 at France (now); Genealogy.EU (Lusignan 1 page) says b. 990.^9,3 She married Hugues V "'le Debonnaire/le Pieux' de Lusignan Seigneur de Lusignan et de Couhé., son of Hugues IV "le Brun" de Lusignan Sire de Lusignan and Auliarde/Aldearde (?) de Thouars,
;
Her 1st husband.^{9,2,3,7,10,11} Almodis de La Marche married Pons II Guillaume (?) comte de Toulouse, Albi & Dijon, son of Guillaume III Taillefer (?) Comte de Toulouse, d’Albi et du Quercy and Emma (?) de Provence, Comtesse de Provence et comtesse de Toulouse, circa 1040
;
Her 2nd husband; his 2nd wife; Leo van de Pas says m. before 29 Jun 1053; Toulouse 1 page says m. 1044/45; J Bunot says m. 1040; Med Lands says m. 10 45.^{12,13,14,1,2,3,7,15} Almodis de La Marche and Hugues V "'le Debonnaire/le Pieux' de Lusignan Seigneur de Lusignan et de Couhé. were divorced before 1045;
Repudiated on grounds of consanguinity.^2,3,7,10,11 Almodis de La Marche and Pons II Guillaume (?) comte de Toulouse, Albi & Dijon were divorced before 1053.^2,7 Almodis de La Marche married Ramon Berenguer I "el Viejo" (?) conde de Barcelona, son of Berenguer Ramón I "el Curvo" (?) Conde de Barcelona and Sancha Sánchez de Lara de Castile, after 23 June 1053
;
Her 3rd husband; his 3rd wife.^16,2,3,7,17
Almodis de La Marche died on 10 October 1071; Per Stone [2000]: "...murdered in 1071 by her stepson."^3,12,7,18,19
Almodis de La Marche was buried after 10 October 1071 at Catedral de la Santa Creu i Santa Eulàlia, Barcelona, Provinicia de Barcelona, Cateluna, Spain; From Find A Grave:
     BIRTH     unknown, France
     DEATH     1071, Spain
     Countess of Limosges
     Almodis was the daughter of Bernard I, Count of Marche and Amelia of Aulnay, granddaughter of Adalbert I Count de la Marche and Almode de Limoges, Cadelon IV, Vicomte d'Aulnay and Arsendis. Almodis was born about 1020.
     Almodis married Hugh V of Lusignan, 5th Lord of Lusignan and Lord of Couhé, son of Hugh IV. They had two sons and one daughter:
* Hugh VI de Lusignan
* Jordan de Lusignan
* Melisende, wife of Simon I "l'Archevêque", Vidame de Parthenay
     Almodis were divorced on the basis of consanguinity, and Hugh arranged her marriage to widower Count Pons of Toulouse, the son of William III Taillefer and Emma of Provence. Pons They married in 1040 and had several children including:
* Almode de Toulouse, wife of Pierre de Melgueil, Count of Melgueil
* Guillaume (William) IV de Toulouse married Emma de Mortain
* Raymond St Giles IV married Elvira of Castile
* Hughes, Abbott of St Gilles
     In 1053, Pons repudiated Almodis, who had been kidnapped by Raimond de Berenguer, the Count of Barcelona and son of Berenguer Ramon I, the Crooked or Hunchback and Sancha Sanchez. Raimond was now looking at his third wife, with one surviving son, Pere. Almodis and Raimond were married immediately, producing twins sons by 1054. Their children were:
* Berenguer Ramon II, Count of Barcelona
* Ramon Berenguer II, Count of Barcelona
* Agnes, wife of Count Guigues II of Albon
* Sancha, wife of Count Guillermo Ramon I of Cerdagne
     Almodia and Raimond were excommunicated by Pope Victor II in 1056, declaring their marriage illegal as both her previous husbands were alive.
     Almodis kept in touch and her previous husbands and all her children, attending her daughter's wedding, and Hugh even rebelled against his own lord, Duke William VIII of Aquitaine in favor of Almodis's son, William of Toulouse, by Pons, resulting in his death during a sortie. All of her sons, regardless of their fathers, supported on another in military events.
     Raimond's first wife and mother of his first born son, Pere (Pedro), was Isabel Trencavel, Almodis's niece, the daughter of her sister, Rangearde de la Marche. Before Raimond's marriage to Almodis, Pere was his father's heir. Pere soon felt his position was being usurped by Almodis and her sons influence on his father, and murdered Almodis in October of 1071. Pere was disinherited and exiled from the country. When Raimond died in 1076, Barcelona was split between his two remaining twin sons by Almodis, Ramon and Berenguer "The Fratricide" who later killed Ramon and perished on a pilgrimage to Jerusalem.
     Family Members
     Spouses
          Pons de Toulouse unknown–1060
          Ramon Berenguer 1024–1076
     Children
          Ramon Berenguer 1054–1082
     BURIAL     Catedral de la Santa Creu i Santa Eulàlia, Barcelona, Provincia de Barcelona, Cataluna, Spain
     Maintained by: Anne Shurtleff Stevens
     Originally Created by: Bunny Boiler
     Added: 3 Sep 2004
     Find a Grave Memorial 9404754.²⁰
      ; Per Racines et Histoire (de La Marche): "Hugues V de Lusignan «Le Débonnaire» ou «Le Pieux» ° ~1005 +X 08/10/1060 (siège de Lusignan par le duc d’Aquitaine) seigneur de Lusignan et de Couhé, en guerre contre Guillaume VIII, duc de Guyenne (donation charte 1025 à Saint-Cyprien ; souscrit avec Rorgon
une donation de Gautier Granier avant 1040)
     ép. (rép. 1039 «causa parentele», consanguinité) Almodis (Adelmodis) de La Marche ° ~990 + 16/10/1071 (ass.) (fille de Bernard 1er, comte de La Marche, et d’Amélie ; ép. 2) avant 29/06/1053 (répud.) Pons II, comte de Toulouse ; ép. 3) 1053 Ramon Berenguer «El Viejo», conde de Barcelona)"
[See Note Per Med Lands].²¹

; Per Genealogics:
     "Almodis was born about 1010, the daughter of Bernard, comte de La Marche (whose parents were both descendants of Charlemagne) and Aina/Amelia      "de Montignac. Her first marriage, around 1038, was to Hugues V de Lusignan, sire de Lusignan, and they had two sons and a daughter, of whom Hugues VI and Melisande would have progeny.
     "Almodis and Hugues divorced on grounds of consanguinity, and Hugues arranged for her to marry Pons II Guillaume, comte de Toulouse in 1040. Almodis and Pons had several children, of whom Guillaume IV, Raimond V and Almodis would have progeny.
     "Shortly after April 1053 Almodis was abducted by Ramon Berenguer I 'el Viejo', conde de Barcelona. He kidnapped her from Narbonne with the aid of a fleet sent north by his ally, the Muslim emir of Tortosa. They married immediately (despite the fact that both her previous husbands were still alive) and they appeared with their twin sons, Raimund Berengar and Berenguer Ramon, in a charter the next year. Pope Victor II excommunicated Almodis and Ramon for this illegal marriage until 1056. Ramon and Almodis had four children: their twin sons Raimund Berengar and Berenguer Ramon, Inez (Agnes), and Sancha. Raimund Berengar and Inez would have progeny.
     "Almodis maintained contact with her former husbands and many children, and in 1066/1067 she travelled to Toulouse for her daughter's wedding. A few years before, in 1060, Hugues V de Lusignan had revolted against his lord, Guillaume VI-VIII de Poitou, duke of Aquitaine, in support of Almodis' son Guillaume IV de Toulouse. Her sons supported one another in military campaigns; Hugues VI de Lusignan, Raimond V de Toulouse, and Berengar Ramon all took the Cross.
     "Her third husband Ramon Berenguer I had a son from a previous marriage, Pere Ramon (1050-1073?), who was his heir. Pere apparently resented Almodis' influence and was concerned that she was trying to replace him with her own two sons. He murdered her on 16 October 1071. Pere was disinherited and exiled for his crime, and fled the country. When his father died in 1076, Barcelona was split between Berenguer Ramon and Raimund Berenguer, Almodis' sons. The family history of murder did not end with Pere Ramon, as Berenguer Ramon earned the nickname 'the Fratricide' when he arranged for his own twin brother to be killed."
[See Note Per Med Lands]³

Reference: Genealogics cites:

; Per Wikipédia (Fr.):
     "Almodis ou Adalmode de la Marche (née vers 1020 - morte le 17 novembre 1071 à Barcelone) est une femme de la haute noblesse méridionale médiévale, successivement dame de Lusignan, comtesse de Toulouse, puis de Barcelone, par ses mariages. Elle affirma le caractère politique d'épouse du comte et joua un rôle important auprès de ses différents maris, ainsi que de ses enfants. Elle mena une vie mouvementée qui en fait, comme l'écrit Martin Aurell :
Biographie
Jeunesse
     "Almodis naît vers 1020, fille du comte de la Marche Bernard Ier et de son épouse prénommée Amélie, dont l'origine familiale est inconnue.
Premiers mariages
     "Almodis fut mariée vers 1038 à Hugues V, seigneur de Lusignan, dont elle eut un fils, Hugues, né en 1039. Mais, pour des raisons de consanguinité, le mariage fut annulé. La période correspond également à un changement d'alliance des comtes de la Marche, qui se rapprochent des comtes de Toulouse1.
     "En 1040, Almodis épouse donc le comte de Toulouse, Pons. Elle lui donne plusieurs enfants : trois fils, les jumeaux Guillaume et Raimond, et Hugues, et une fille, Almodis. Almodis est encore la femme de Pons en juin 1053, puisqu'elle souscrit à cette date l'acte d'union de l'abbaye de Moissac à Cluny2. Mais peu après, Almodis fut enlevée par Raimond-Bérenger Ier, comte de Barcelone.
Comtesse de Barcelone
     "C'est en passant par Narbonne, avant de se rendre en pèlerinage à Rome, que Raimond-Bérenger Ier de Barcelone rencontre Pons et Almodis. Au retour de Rome, il enlève Almodis, qu'il aime3, peut-être avec l'aide d'une flotte envoyée par son allié, l'émir musulman de Tortosa4. Ils se marient immédiatement, bien que leurs précédents conjoints soient encore vivants. À la demande de l'épouse répudiée de Raimond-Bérenger, Blanche, soutenue par la grand-mère de Raimond-Bérenger, la comtesse douairière Ermessende de Carcassonne, le pape Victor II excommunie Raimond-Bérenger et Almodis pour ce mariage : la sentence est confirmée par un concile des évêques de la province de Narbonne réuni à Toulouse5. Raimond-Bérenger Ier et Almodis ont pourtant deux fils jumeaux en 1054, Raimond-Bérenger et Bérenger-Raimond. En 1057, la comtesse Ermessende se réconcilie avec Raimond-Bérenger Ier et Almodis et leur prête hommage. Elle intercède également auprès du pape en faveur de la levée de l'excommunication. Raimond-Bérenger Ier et Almodis se rapprochent également des évêques catalans afin qu'ils écrivent au pape en sa faveur, en soutenant par exemple la reconstruction de la cathédrale romane de Barcelone. Finalement, le pape Victor II cède en 10576. Almodis, dont le mariage est confirmé et qui a donné deux enfants au comte est alors solidement installée7.
     "Almodis joue un rôle véritable à la cour barcelonaise. Elle s'intéresse particulièrement au droit, en particulier aux textes wisigothiques, et participe à la rédaction des Usages de Barcelone8. Elle s'occupe également de renforcer le pouvoir de son époux vis-à-vis de ses vassaux catalans. En 1054, elle organise les noces de sa sœur, Lucie, qui l'a suivie à la cour de Barcelone, avec le dangereux comte de Besalù, Guillaume II9 : cette opération fait rentrer le comte dans la fidélité de Raimond-Bérenger Ier. En 1058, Lucie est mariée au comte de Pallars Sobirà, Artaud Ier10. Enfin, Almodis noue même des relations étroites avec les émirs musulmans de Tortosa et de Dénia11.
     "Comme Raimond-Bérenger Ier a eu un premier fils de sa première épouse Elisabeth, Pierre Raimond, auquel est promis l'héritage barcelonais, Almodis s'occupe également de constituer un domaine pour ses fils. En 1066, Almodis se rend à Toulouse pour le mariage de sa fille Almodis avec Pierre Ier, comte de Melgueil13, et elle souscrit même une charte en faveur des abbayes de Moissac et de Saint-Gilles avec ses deux fils, Guillaume IV et Raimond IV de Toulouse14. Entre 1067 et 1070, à la mort du comte de Carcassonne, Roger, sans descendance, Almodis et Raimond-Bérenger Ier déboursent 50 000 mancus pour racheter les droits des sœurs du comte défunt, Ermengarde et Adélaïde de Carcassonne, la première épouse du vicomte d'Albi et de Nîmes, Raimond Bernard Trencavel, l'autre du comte de Cerdagne, Guillaume Raimond15.
Mort
     "Finalement, Almodis essaie de placer ses deux fils, Raimond-Bérenger et Bérenger-Raimond, à la tête du comté de Barcelone, évinçant le premier fils de Raimond-Bérenger Ier, Pierre-Raimond. Celui-ci prend ombrage des tentatives de sa belle-mère. Il l'assassine lui-même à Barcelone le 17 novembre 107116, crime pour lequel il est déshérité et exilé. Almodis est quant à elle enterrée dans la cathédrale de Barcelone.
     "Almodis laisse une longue postérité, où les rivalités font aussi place aux alliances. Ses enfants se retrouvèrent ensemble à plusieurs reprises dans des expéditions militaires : en 1096, Hugues VI de Lusignan, Raimond IV de Toulouse et Bérenger-Raimond II de Barcelone participèrent tous les trois à la Première Croisade.
Mariages et descendance
     "Almodis épouse vers 1038 Hugues V († 1060), seigneur de Lusignan et eut :
     "Pour des raisons de consanguinité, le mariage fut annulé.
     "C'est cependant de ce mariage que la famille de Lusignan va tirer ses prétentions sur le comté de la Marche tout au long du xiie siècle, prétentions qui se concrétisent en 1199 lorsqu'Hugues IX de Lusignan devient comte de la Marche17.
     "Vers 1040, Almodis se remarie avec Pons, comte de Toulouse. Ils eurent :
     "Après avril 1053, Almodis épouse Raymond Bérenger Ier, comte de Barcelone. Ils eurent quatre enfants :
Almodis dans la fiction
** L'historienne et romancière Tracey Warr a fait d'Almodis l'héroïne de son premier roman, Almodis: The Peaceweaver20 (2011).
Notes et références
1. Martin Aurell, « Almodis et Lucia de la Marche », p. 259.
2. Martin Aurell, « Almodis et Lucia de la Marche », p. 260.
3. Martin Aurell, « Almodis et Lucia de la Marche », p. 262.
4. Martin Aurell, « Almodis et Lucia de la Marche », p. 274.
5. Martin Aurell, « Almodis et Lucia de la Marche », p. 263.
6. Martin Aurell, « Almodis et Lucia de la Marche », p. 266.
7. Martin Aurell, « Almodis et Lucia de la Marche », p. 267.
8. Martin Aurell, « Almodis et Lucia de la Marche », p. 270-271.
9. Martin Aurell, « Almodis et Lucia de la Marche », p. 281 et 283-284.
10. Martin Aurell, « Almodis et Lucia de la Marche », p. 274 et 288.
11. Martin Aurell, « Almodis et Lucia de la Marche », p. 274-275.
12. Charles Julian Bishko, « Fernando I and the Origins of the Leonese-Castilian Alliance with Cluny » [archive] Cuadernos de Historia de España, n° 47, 1968, pp. 31-135 et n° 48, 1969, pp. 30-116.
13. Martin Aurell, « Almodis et Lucia de la Marche », p. 276.
14. Hélène Débax, « Les comtesses de Toulouse... », p. 222.
15. Martin Aurell, « Almodis et Lucia de la Marche », p. 276-277.
16. (es) Próspero de Bofarull, Los condes de Barcelona vindicados [archive], vol. II, Barcelone, 1836, p. 46.
17. Bernadette Barrière, « Le comté de la Marche : une pièce originale de l'héritage Lusignan », dans Bernadette Barrière, Limousin médiéval: le temps des créations : occupation du sol, monde laïc, espace cistercien [recueil d'articles], Limoges, Presses universitaires de Limoges, 1998, p. 383-384, article d'abord paru dans Isabelle d'Angoulême, comtesse-reine et son temps (1186-1246) : Actes du colloque de Lusignan, 1996, Poitiers, CESCM, 1999
18. Le comte Guigues (“Wigo comitis”) fait don à son épouse “Agnetis” de plusieurs propriété dont le château d'Albon en Viennois (“castellum Albionem…Moratum…et Vallem…in comitatu Viennensis”) dans une charte datée du “VI Id Mai, luna XXma VIa regnante Henrico rege” (1070). Le testament du comte Raymond-Béranger ("comitis Barchinone…Raimundi Berengarii") du 12 novembre 1076 indique qu'en cas de décès de ses trois autres enfants son comté reviendrait au fils que Guigues d'Albon avait eu de sa fille Agnès ("filium Guigonis de Albion quem habuit de filia sua Agnes").
19. J. ROMAN (1886) Deux Chartes Dauphinoises inédites du xie siècle (Grenoble) in: Le Bulletin de l´Académie Delphinale 3e série, T. XX, p. 15,
20. Tracey Warr, Almodis: The Peaceweaver, Impress Books, 2011, (ISBN 9781907605055)
Voir aussi
Bibliographie
** Martin Aurell, « Almodis et Lucia de la Marche », Les noces du comte. Mariage et pouvoir en Catalogne (785-1213), Publications de la Sorbonne, Paris, 1995, pp. 258-295 (ISBN 978-2859442514)
** (en) Fredric L. Cheyette, « The "Sale" of Carcassonne to the Counts of Barcelona (1067-1070) and the Rise of the Trencavels », Speculum, vol. 63, n° 4, octobre 1988, pp. 826-864 [lire en ligne [archive]] [lien alternatif de téléchargement [archive]]
** Hélène Débax, « Les comtesses de Toulouse : notices biographiques », Annales du Midi, vol. 100, n° 182, 1988, p. 215-234 [lire en ligne [archive]]
** (en) Donald J. Kagay, « Countess Almodis of Barcelona: 'Illustrious and Distinguished Queen' or 'Woman of Sad, Unbridled Lewdness' », dans Theresa M. Vann, éd., Queens, Regents and Potentates, Boydell & Brewer, 1993, p. 37-47.
** Philippe Wolff, « Deux maîtresses femmes dans la Marche d’Espagne au XIe siècle : Ermessende et Almodis »,Media in Francia, Recueil de mélanges offerts à K. F. Werner, Paris, 1989, p. 525-537.
Articles connexes
** Lucie de la Marche
Liens externes
** Notices d'autorité : Fichier d’autorité international virtuelBibliothèque nationale de Catalogne
** (ca) « Almodis de la Marca » [archive], Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana, consulté le 24 août 2014. https://www.enciclopedia.cat/ec-gec-0002842.xml?s_q=#.U_pSLsXV9cQ"
[See Note Per Med Lands].²²

; Per Wikipedia:
     "Almodis de la Marche (c. 1020 – 16 October 1071) was a French noble. She was famed for her marriage career, in particularly for her third marriage to Ramon Berenguer I, Count of Barcelona, with whom she committed double bigamy in 1053, for which the Pope had them excommunicated.
Life
     "Almodis was the daughter of Bernard I, Count of Marche and wife Amélie.[2] She married Hugh V of Lusignan around 1038 and they had two sons and one daughter. Almodis and Hugh of Lusignan divorced due to consanguinity.[3] She later, with Hugh's assistance, married Count Pons of Toulouse in 1040.[4] Almodis was still Pons' wife in April 1053, when she was abducted by Ramon Berenguer I, Count of Barcelona.[5] He kidnapped her from Narbonne with the aid of a fleet sent north by his ally, the Muslim emir of Tortosa.[5] They married immediately (despite the fact both of her previous husbands were still alive) and they appear with their twin sons in a charter the next year. Pope Victor II excommunicated Almodis and Ramon for this illegal marriage until 1056.[6]
     "Almodis maintained contact with her former husbands and many children, and in 1066/1067 she traveled to Toulouse for her daughter's wedding. A few years before, in 1060, Hugh V of Lusignan had revolted against his lord, Duke William VIII of Aquitaine, in support of Almodis' son William IV of Toulouse.[4] Her sons supported one another in military campaigns; Hugh VI of Lusignan, Raymond IV of Toulouse, and Berenguer Ramon all took the Cross.
     "Her third husband Ramon was married to her niece, Isabela Trencavel, the daughter of Rangearde de la Marche. Their son, Peter Raymundi, was Ramon's original heir. Peter Raymundi resented Almodis' influence and was concerned she was trying to replace him with her own two sons, his consanguinous nephews, both who had claims through their father, Count La Marche. He murdered her in October 1071.[7] William of Malmesbury reflected that she was, "sad, [of] unbridled lewdness".[5]
     "Pere-Ramon was disinherited and exiled for his crime and fled the country. When his father died in 1076, Barcelona was split between Almodis' sons, Berenguer Ramon and Ramon Berenguer. The family history of murder did not end with Pere-Ramon, as Berenguer Ramon earned his nickname "The Fratricide" when he killed his own twin brother.
Family
     "She married Hugh V of Lusignan[5] around 1038 and they had two sons and one daughter:
     "Almodis and Hugh of Lusignan divorced due to consanguinity, and Hugh arranged for her to marry Count Pons of Toulouse in 1040.[5] Together they produced several children, including:
     "In 1053, she married Ramon Berenguer I, Count of Barcelona.[5] Together they produced four children:
Notes
1. Bishko 1968, p. 40.
2. Aurell 1995, p. 258.
3. Kagay 1993, p. 38.
4. Riley-Smith 1997, p. 46.
5. Cheyette 1988, p. 839.
6. Aurell 1995, p. 231.
7. Peña 1991, p. 47.
Sources
** Aurell, Martin (1995). Les noces du comte: mariage et pouvoir en Catalogne (785-1213). Publications de la Sorbonne.
** Bishko, Charles Julian (1968). "Fernando I and the Origins of the Leonese-Castilian Alliance with Cluny". Studies in Medieval Spanish Frontier History. Variorum.
** Cheyette, Fredric L. (1988). "The "Sale" of Carcassonne to the Counts of Barcelona (1067-1070) and the Rise of the Trencavels". Speculum. The University of Chicago Press. Vol. 63, No. 4 Oct.
** Kagay, Donald J. (1993). "Countess Almodis of Barcelona: "Illustrious and Distinguished Queen" or "Woman of Sad, Unbridled Lewdness"". In Vann, Theresa M. (ed.) Queens, Regents and Potentates. Academia Press.
** Peña (1991). The Chronicle of San Juan de la Peña: A Fourteenth-century Official History of the Crown of Aragon. Translated by Nelson, Lynn H. University of Pennsylvania Press.
** Riley-Smith, Jonathan (1997). The First Crusaders, 1095-1131. Cambridge University Press.46"
[See Note Per Med Lands].²³

; Per Med Lands (Normandy):
     "ALMODIS de la Marche (-murdered 16 Oct 1071). The Chronicle of Saint-Maxence records the marriage of "Almodim…sororem Audeberti comitis de Marcha" and "Pontius comes Tolosanus", specifying that she was previously the wife of "Hugo Pius de Liziniaco" from whom she was separated for consanguinity and that afterwards she married "Raimundo Barcinonensi"[70]. "Poncius Tolosanus urbis comes" recorded the union of the abbey of Moissac with the abbey of Cluny, with the advice of "uxoris meæ Adalmodis comitissæ", by charter dated 29 Jun 1053[71]. "Raimundum Berengarium comitem Barchinonensium et Adalmus cometissa et filios nostros Raimundum et Berengarium et Arnaldum Petri" donated property to the monastery of Barberà by charter dated 25 Mar 1054 (although the document must be misdated considering the date of the donor’s third marriage)[72]. "Raimundus comes et uxor mea Almodis" donated "ecclesias sancte Marie vel sancti Honorati" [in Barcelona?] to Lérins by charter dated 2 Jan 1068, signed by "Petri filii eius, Raimundi filii eius, Berengarii filii eius, Agnelus filius eius…"[73]. The necrology of San Cucufate records the death 17 Nov of "la condesa doña Almodis"[74]. The Gesta Comitum Barcinonensium records that "Petrus Raimundi" murdered his stepmother "Adalmoyn"[75]. Pope Gregory VII (elected 22 Apr 1073) sent a decree of penitence (undated) to "Petro Raimundi…pro interfectione Adalmodis eius…noverce"[76].
     "m firstly (repudiated) HUGUES [V] "le Pieux" Seigneur de Lusignan, son of HUGUES [IV] "le Brun" Seigneur de Lusignan & his wife Auliarde de Thouars (-killed in battle Lusignan 8 Oct 1060).
     "m secondly ([1045], repudiated before 1053) as his second wife PONS II Comte de Toulouse, son of GUILLAUME III "Taillefer" Comte de Toulouse & his second wife Emma de Provence ([991]-1060, bur Toulouse, Saint-Sernin).
     "m thirdly (1053, after 23 Jun) as his third wife, RAMÓN BERENGUER "el Viejo" Conde de Barcelona, son of BERENGUER RAMÓN "el Curvo" Conde de Barcelona & his second wife Sancha Sánchez de Castilla (1023-26 May 1076)."
Med Lands cites: GAV-25 EDV-26 GKJ-27. Almodis de La Marche was also known as Almonde de la Haute Marche.²⁴ Almodis de La Marche was also known as Almodis de La Marche.²⁵ Almodis de La Marche was also known as Adelmode de la Haute Marche.

; Per Racines et Histoire (de La Marche): "Almodis de la Marche + 16/10/1071 (ass. par Pierre Raymond) (citée donation de Pons de Toulouse à Cluny 29/06/1053)
     ép. 1) (répud.) Hugues V «Le Pieux», seigneur de Lusignan (fils d’Hugues IV «Le Brun», seigneur de Lusignan, et d’Auliarde de Thouars)
     ép. 2) 1045 (répud. dès 1053) Pons II, comte de Toulouse ° 991 + 1060 (fils de Guillaume III «Taillefer», comte de Toulouse, et d’Emma de Provence)
     ép. 3) 1053 Ramon Berenguer «El Viejo», conde de Barcelona ° 1023 + 26/05/1076 (fils de Berenguer Ramon «El Curvo», comte de Barcelone, et de Sancha Sanchez de Castille)"

[See Note Per Med Lands].²⁶

; Per Genealogy.EU (de Lusignan): "Hugues V "le Débonnaire", +8.10.1060; m.Almodis de La Marche (*990 +16.10.1071)"
[See Note Per Med Lands].¹⁸

; Per Genealogy.EU (Barcelona 10): "[2m.] Ct Ramon Berenguer I "el Viejo" of Barcelona (1035-76), Gerona, Osona, Carcassone and Raez, *1023, +27.5.1076; 1m: Isabel (+1050) dau.(probably) of Raymond Bernard I, Vcte de Nimes; 2m: before 16.3.1051 (repudiated 1052) Blanca N; 3m: 1052/53 Almodis (+killed from his stepson Pedro Ramon 16.10.1071) dau.of Bernard, Cte de la Marche."²⁷
; Per Racines et Histoire (de La Marche): "2) Pons II Guillaume de Toulouse + 1060/61 comte de Toulouse (1037), marquis de Gothie
ép. 1) avant 1037 Marjorie + 1044 ou peu avant (peut-être Mayor Sanchez de Navarra, fille de Sancho III, Roi de Navarre, et de Munidomna Mayor de Castilla ou encore parente des Rois de Pamplune ?)
ép. 2) 1044/45 (div. 1053 après 29/06) Almodis de La Marche + 1071 (ass.par Pedro Ramon de Barcelona) (fille de Bernard 1er, comte de la Marche, et d’Aina de Montignac ; répudiée de Hugues V «Le Pieux» de Lusignan ; ép. 3) 1053 après 29/06) Ramon Berenguer «El Viejo», conde de Barcelona) (citée donation à Cluny 29/06/1053)"

[See Note Per Med Lands].²⁸

     Arnauld "Mancer" d'Angoulême Comte d'Angoulême married Raingarde (?) before 985 at Angoulême, Departement de la Charente, Poitou-Charentes, France,
;
His 1st wife.^7,2,3 Arnauld "Mancer" d'Angoulême Comte d'Angoulême married Aldéarde (?) d'Aulnay, daughter of Cadelon II-III (?) Vicomte d'Aulnay and Senégonde de Marcillac, before 13 May 988
;
His 2nd wife; her 2nd husband.^8,3,9
Arnauld "Mancer" d'Angoulême Comte d'Angoulême died between 989 and 991.²
      ; Per Genealogics:
     "Arnauld Mancer was the illegitimate son of Guillaume II Taillefer, comte d'Angoulême. After Guillaume's death in 945 his cousin from the Perigord, Count Bernard, succeeded him in Angoulême. In 975 Arnauld made his claim to inherit Angoulême, and received the support of Guillaume II-IV 'Fier a bras', duc d'Aquitaine, comte de Poitou. When Arnauld had killed his cousin Ranulf Bompar in battle he was eventually able to take over Angoulême.
     "In the years that followed he consolidated and extended his power at the expense of Bishop Hugues of Angoulême. He also made himself the patron of the abbey of Saint-Cybard. He supported the duke in his feud against the clan of Boson I 'le Vieux', comte de La Marche, and captured his son Gauzbert, giving him up to the duke who had him blinded. In 988 he took a monk's habit in Saint-Amant-de-Boix and entered the Abbey of Saint-Cybard, where he died shortly afterwards on a 4th of March, and was buried beside his father.
     "Arnauld married twice. With his first wife Raingarde he had a son Guillaume IV who would have progeny. He did not have progeny with his second wife Aldearde."¹

Reference: Genealogics cites: Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag Marburg., Detlev Schwennicke, Editor, Reference: III 817.¹ GAV-28.

; Per Med Lands:
     "ARNAUD "Mancer" d'Angoulême, illegitimate son of GUILLAUME [II] "Taillefer" Comte d'Angoulême & his mistress --- (-[4] Mar [989/91], bur Angoulême Saint-Cybard). The Chronicle of Adémar de Chabannes records that the testament of "Willelmus Sector ferri" was signed by "…Arnaldus filius Willelmi, Adhemarus filius Willelmi", another manuscript stating that he had no children by his wife and that these two sons were born "ex concubinis"[503]. Ademar names Arnaud son of "Willelmi Sectoris-ferri", recording that he defeated and killed his second cousin Ranulf "Bompar" in 975[504], succeeding as Comte d'Angoulême. The Historia Pontificum et Comitum Engolismensis records that, after the death of “fratre eius Guillelmo” (“eius” referring to “Arnaldus cognomento Borrario”), “Rannulfus Bonparus” was killed by “Arnoldo Manzere, id est, adulterino filio Guillelmi Sectoris-ferri” who gained control of “principatum Engolismæ”[505]. The Chronicle of Adémar de Chabannes records that "Arnaldus…comes Engolismensis" abdicated in 988 in favour of his son Guillaume, took the monastic habit at "ecclesia Buxensi sancti Amancii" and entered the monastery of "sancti Eparchii" [Saint-Cybard] where he was buried "IV Non Mar" next to his father[506].
     "m firstly RAINGARDE, sister of BELLUS HOMO, daughter of ---. "Willelmus Engolismensium comes" founded the priory of Vindelle with the consent of "coniuge mea Girberge atque filiis…meis vivis Helduini seu Gauzfredi" for the souls of "progenitoris mei seu genetrice mea Hernaldi atque Raingardi" by undated charter which also names "[filii sui] defuncti Harnaldi atque Willelmi"[507]. "Willelmus comes" restored the monastery of Saint-Amant-de-Boixe to the cathedral of Angoulême by charter dated 988 after 4 Mar, naming "genitoris mei Arnaldi et Bellus Homo clericus avunculus meus"[508].
     "m secondly (before 13 May 988) ALDEARDE d'Aulnay, widow of ARBERT [I] Vicomte de Thouars, daughter of CADELON [II] Vicomte d'Aulnay & his first wife Sénégonde --- (-after [1015/20]). "Senegundis" donated property "in pago Alnisio" to the Saint-Maixent by charter dated May 964 subscribed by "Cadelonis, Ebulonis, Ode, Aldeardis, Goscelmi"[509], "Aldeardis" presumably referring to her daughter. "Audeardis et filii meum" returned property to Saint-Maixent by charter dated 13 May 988 which refers to the burial of "Arbertum seniorem meum" and was subscribed by "…Aimerici filii sui…"[510]. However, the document which links these two references and confirms that Aldéarde wife of Vicomte Arbert [I] was the daughter of Cadelon [III] has not so far been located. The primary source which confirms her second marriage has not yet been identified. However, it is indicated by the charter dated Jan 988 or 992 under which "Aldegardis comptissa" donated property "in Niortinse juxta ecclesiam Sancti Gaudentii" to Nouaillé, for the souls of "Kadeloni genitrice meo et…Senegundis genetrici mea…et…Arberti vicecomitis et…Arnaldi comitis"[511]. "Aimericus vicecomes Toarcensium…uxori meæ Eluis" donated property "in pago Toarcinse in vicaria ipsius castri" to the abbey of Saint-Florent near Saumur by charter dated [994/95], subscribed by “Saverici avunculi eius, Saverici fratris eius, Radulfi fratris eius, Tetboldi fratris eius, Gauzfridi fratris eius, Hildegardis matris eius, Eluis uxoris eius...”[512]. An agreement between the abbots of Jumièges and Bourgueil concerning an exchange of land in Poitou, by charter dated [13 Apr/4 Apr] 1012, is subscribed by "Richardus…filius Ricardi principi magni…Vuillelmus Pictavorum comes…Rodulfus vicecomes et uxor eius [not named] et mater eius Heldiardis et Gosfredus frater eius"[513]. "Vicecomes Gaufredus" donated property "Flaheziacus sicuti fecerat avunculus meus et antecessor Radulfus" to St Cyprien by charter dated [1015/20] subscribed by "Willelmi comitis, Aldeardis vicecomitisse"[514]."
Med Lands cites:

; Per Racines et Histoire (Angoulême): "?) Arnaud «Mancer» d’Angoulême + un 04/03 entre 989 et 991 comte d’Angoulême (975) succède à son père en battant et tuant son compétiteur Ranulf «Bompar» (975), abdique (988) et prend l’habit à Saint-Amant de Boixe (cité charte de don à Saint-Cybard d’après 942)
     ép. 1) dès 985 Raingarde (dite soeur de «Bellus Homo», clerc)
     ép. 2) avant 13/05/988 Aldéarde d’Aulnay + 1020 (fille de Cadelon II, vicomte d’Aulnay, et de Senegundis ; veuve d’Arbert 1er, vicomte de Thouars) (donne en propre des biens à Saint-Maixent situés au pays d’Aulnay par charte 05/964 ; autre charte aux mêmes 13/05/988.)⁹"
; Per Med Lands:
     "ALDEARDE (-after [1015/20]). "Senegundis" donated property "in pago Alnisio" to the Saint-Maixent by charter dated May 964 subscribed by "Cadelonis, Ebulonis, Ode, Aldeardis, Goscelmi"[51], "Aldeardis" presumably referring to her daughter. Aldéarde donated property for the soul of her husband by charter dated Jan 987[52]. "Audeardis et filii meum" returned property to Saint-Maixent by charter dated 13 May 988 which refers to the burial of "Arbertum seniorem meum" and was subscribed by "…Aimerici filii sui…"[53]. The primary source which confirms her second marriage has not yet been identified, although it is indicated by the following document, which also confirms her parentage. "Aldegardis comptissa" donated property "in Niortinse juxta ecclesiam Sancti Gaudentii" to Nouaillé, for the souls of "Kadeloni genitrice meo et…Senegundis genetrici mea…et…Arberti vicecomitis et…Arnaldi comitis", by charter dated Jan 988 or 992[54]. "Aimericus vicecomes Toarcensium…uxori meæ Eluis" donated property "in pago Toarcinse in vicaria ipsius castri" to the abbey of Saint-Florent near Saumur by charter dated [994/95], subscribed by “Saverici avunculi eius, Saverici fratris eius, Radulfi fratris eius, Tetboldi fratris eius, Gauzfridi fratris eius, Hildegardis matris eius, Eluis uxoris eius...”[55]. An agreement between the abbots of Jumièges and Bourgueil concerning an exchange of land in Poitou, by charter dated [13 Apr/4 Apr] 1012, is subscribed by "Richardus…filius Ricardi principi magni…Vuillelmus Pictavorum comes…Rodulfus vicecomes et uxor eius [not named] et mater eius Heldiardis et Gosfredus frater eius"[56]. "Vicecomes Gaufredus" donated property "Flaheziacus sicuti fecerat avunculus meus et antecessor Radulfus" to St Cyprien by charter dated [1015/20] subscribed by "Willelmi comitis, Aldeardis vicecomitisse"[57].
     "m firstly ARBERT [I] Vicomte de Thouars, son of --- (-before Jan 987).
     "m secondly (before 13 May 988) as his second wife, ARNAUD "Mancer" Comte d'Angoulême, illegitimate son of GUILLAUME II "Taillefer" Comte d'Angoulême & his mistress --- (-[4] Mar [989/91])."
Med Lands cites: He was Comte de Angouleme in 975.²

     Raingarde (?) married Arnauld "Mancer" d'Angoulême Comte d'Angoulême, son of Guillaume II Taillefer (?) Comte d'Angoulême, before 985 at Angoulême, Departement de la Charente, Poitou-Charentes, France,
;
His 1st wife.^2,3,4
      ; Per Racines et Histoire (Angoulême): "?) Arnaud «Mancer» d’Angoulême + un 04/03 entre 989 et 991 comte d’Angoulême (975) succède à son père en battant et tuant son compétiteur Ranulf «Bompar» (975), abdique (988) et prend l’habit à Saint-Amant de Boixe (cité charte de don à Saint-Cybard d’après 942)
     ép. 1) dès 985 Raingarde (dite soeur de «Bellus Homo», clerc)
     ép. 2) avant 13/05/988 Aldéarde d’Aulnay + 1020 (fille de Cadelon II, vicomte d’Aulnay, et de Senegundis ; veuve d’Arbert 1er, vicomte de Thouars) (donne en propre des biens à Saint-Maixent situés au pays d’Aulnay par charte 05/964 ; autre charte aux mêmes 13/05/988.)⁵"

; Per Med Lands:
     "ARNAUD "Mancer" d'Angoulême, illegitimate son of GUILLAUME [II] "Taillefer" Comte d'Angoulême & his mistress --- (-[4] Mar [989/91], bur Angoulême Saint-Cybard). The Chronicle of Adémar de Chabannes records that the testament of "Willelmus Sector ferri" was signed by "…Arnaldus filius Willelmi, Adhemarus filius Willelmi", another manuscript stating that he had no children by his wife and that these two sons were born "ex concubinis"[503]. Ademar names Arnaud son of "Willelmi Sectoris-ferri", recording that he defeated and killed his second cousin Ranulf "Bompar" in 975[504], succeeding as Comte d'Angoulême. The Historia Pontificum et Comitum Engolismensis records that, after the death of “fratre eius Guillelmo” (“eius” referring to “Arnaldus cognomento Borrario”), “Rannulfus Bonparus” was killed by “Arnoldo Manzere, id est, adulterino filio Guillelmi Sectoris-ferri” who gained control of “principatum Engolismæ”[505]. The Chronicle of Adémar de Chabannes records that "Arnaldus…comes Engolismensis" abdicated in 988 in favour of his son Guillaume, took the monastic habit at "ecclesia Buxensi sancti Amancii" and entered the monastery of "sancti Eparchii" [Saint-Cybard] where he was buried "IV Non Mar" next to his father[506].
     "m firstly RAINGARDE, sister of BELLUS HOMO, daughter of ---. "Willelmus Engolismensium comes" founded the priory of Vindelle with the consent of "coniuge mea Girberge atque filiis…meis vivis Helduini seu Gauzfredi" for the souls of "progenitoris mei seu genetrice mea Hernaldi atque Raingardi" by undated charter which also names "[filii sui] defuncti Harnaldi atque Willelmi"[507]. "Willelmus comes" restored the monastery of Saint-Amant-de-Boixe to the cathedral of Angoulême by charter dated 988 after 4 Mar, naming "genitoris mei Arnaldi et Bellus Homo clericus avunculus meus"[508].
     "m secondly (before 13 May 988) ALDEARDE d'Aulnay, widow of ARBERT [I] Vicomte de Thouars, daughter of CADELON [II] Vicomte d'Aulnay & his first wife Sénégonde --- (-after [1015/20]). "Senegundis" donated property "in pago Alnisio" to the Saint-Maixent by charter dated May 964 subscribed by "Cadelonis, Ebulonis, Ode, Aldeardis, Goscelmi"[509], "Aldeardis" presumably referring to her daughter. "Audeardis et filii meum" returned property to Saint-Maixent by charter dated 13 May 988 which refers to the burial of "Arbertum seniorem meum" and was subscribed by "…Aimerici filii sui…"[510]. However, the document which links these two references and confirms that Aldéarde wife of Vicomte Arbert [I] was the daughter of Cadelon [III] has not so far been located. The primary source which confirms her second marriage has not yet been identified. However, it is indicated by the charter dated Jan 988 or 992 under which "Aldegardis comptissa" donated property "in Niortinse juxta ecclesiam Sancti Gaudentii" to Nouaillé, for the souls of "Kadeloni genitrice meo et…Senegundis genetrici mea…et…Arberti vicecomitis et…Arnaldi comitis"[511]. "Aimericus vicecomes Toarcensium…uxori meæ Eluis" donated property "in pago Toarcinse in vicaria ipsius castri" to the abbey of Saint-Florent near Saumur by charter dated [994/95], subscribed by “Saverici avunculi eius, Saverici fratris eius, Radulfi fratris eius, Tetboldi fratris eius, Gauzfridi fratris eius, Hildegardis matris eius, Eluis uxoris eius...”[512]. An agreement between the abbots of Jumièges and Bourgueil concerning an exchange of land in Poitou, by charter dated [13 Apr/4 Apr] 1012, is subscribed by "Richardus…filius Ricardi principi magni…Vuillelmus Pictavorum comes…Rodulfus vicecomes et uxor eius [not named] et mater eius Heldiardis et Gosfredus frater eius"[513]. "Vicecomes Gaufredus" donated property "Flaheziacus sicuti fecerat avunculus meus et antecessor Radulfus" to St Cyprien by charter dated [1015/20] subscribed by "Willelmi comitis, Aldeardis vicecomitisse"[514]."
Med Lands cites:

; Per Med Lands:
     "m firstly RAINGARDE, sister of BELLUS HOMO, daughter of ---. "Willelmus Engolismensium comes" founded the priory of Vindelle with the consent of "coniuge mea Girberge atque filiis…meis vivis Helduini seu Gauzfredi" for the souls of "progenitoris mei seu genetrice mea Hernaldi atque Raingardi" by undated charter which also names "[filii sui] defuncti Harnaldi atque Willelmi"[507]. "Willelmus comes" restored the monastery of Saint-Amant-de-Boixe to the cathedral of Angoulême by charter dated 988 after 4 Mar, naming "genitoris mei Arnaldi et Bellus Homo clericus avunculus meus"[508]."
Med Lands cites:

Reference: Genealogics cites: Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag Marburg., Detlev Schwennicke, Editor, Reference: III 817.² GAV-28.

     Hugues III "le Blanc" de Lusignan Seigneur de Lusignan was born circa 940.³ He married Arsende (?) in 967.^5,6,3,4

Hugues III "le Blanc" de Lusignan Seigneur de Lusignan died in 1012.^3,4
      ; Per Genealogics: "Hugues III 'le Blanc' (also known as 'Albus') was the third lord of Lusignan, the son and successor of Hugues II. He confirmed the donation by one of his vassals of the church of Mezeaux to the abbey of Saint-Cyprien and himself granted the abbey the woodland and the public road between Lusignan and Poitiers. He may have been close with the comital court of Poitou, for Emma de Blois, wife of Guillaume II-IV 'Fier a bras', duc d'Aquitaine and comte de Poitou, imposed a tax on the abbey of Saint-Maixent and gave him the proceeds. His own wife was Arsende, whom he married in 967. He died in 1012 and was succeeded by his son Hugues IV 'le Brun' (or Brunus)."³

; This is the same person as:
"Hugh III of Lusignan" at Wikipedia and as
"Hugues III de Lusignan" at Wikipédia (Fr.)^7,8 GAV-28.

Reference: Genealogics cites: Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag Marburg., Detlev Schwennicke, Editor, Reference: III 815.³

; Per Med Lands:
     "HUGUES [III] "Albus" de Lusignan (-[1012]). The Chronicle of Saint-Maixent names "Hugonis Kari" as builder of "castrum Liziniacum…primus castrum" and father of "Hugonis Albi"[273]. Seigneur de Lusignan. "Gaulterius cognomento Granerius et uxor eius Anna, Alba cognominata" donated "ecclesiam Sancti Vicentii de Masels" to St Cyprien, Poitiers by charter dated to [1004/20], subscribed by "Hugonis Albi, de cujus casamento erat…"[274].
     "m ([967]) [ARSENDE], daughter of [--- de Vivonne & his wife ---]. "Ugo Liziniacensis domnus" donated property to St Cyprien, Poitiers by charter dated to [1012/18], subscribed by "Arsendis matris eius"[275], although it is not known with certainty that this document relates to her son Hugues [IV]. An indication of her possible family origin is provided by the manuscript, entitled "Conventus inter Comitem et Ugonem" by Besly, which records an agreement between "comes Pictavorum et præsul Gislebertus" (on the one part) and "Ioscelino avunculo Hugoni" (on the other), regarding the transfer of "castro…Vicredoni" to the latter after the death of the bishop, and after the death of both the first parties an agreement between "comes" and "episcopo Isemberto et Ugoni" transferred a half interest in the castle to the latter[276]. If "avunculo" in this document is interpreted strictly, Joscelin was the maternal uncle of Hugues. Duguet suggests[277] that these were the same persons as "Gauzscelini, Rosce uxoris sue…Ugonis nepotis Gauszelini" who witnessed the charter dated to [1004/15] under which "Gaufredus et uxor sua Oda" donated "alodium suum in villa Batrezia in vicaria Vicodonense" to Poitiers Saint-Cyprien[278]."
Med Lands cites:

; Per Racines et Histoire (Lusignan): "Hugues III de Lusignan «Le Blanc» («Albus») + 1012
     ép. ~967 Arsende (Arsendis) (citée acte 1010 ; donations à Saint-Cyprien de Poitiers entre 1012 et 1018 ; souscrit les actes de son fils à Saint-Cyprien sous le roi Robert.)⁹"

; Per Med Lands:
     "[ARSENDE] . If "avunculo" is interpreted strictly in the document quoted above, Joscelin de Vivonne was the maternal uncle of Hugues [IV] de Lusignan. "Ugo Liziniacensis domnus" donated property to St Cyprien, Poitiers by charter dated to [1012/18], subscribed by "Arsendis matris eius"[470], although it is not known with certainty that this document relates to her son Hugues [IV].
     "m HUGUES [III] "Albus" de Lusignan, son of HUGUES [II] "Carus/le Cher" de Lusignan & his wife --- (-[1012]). "
Med Lands cites: [470] Poitiers Saint-Cyprien 49, p. 49.¹⁰ He was Seigneur de Lusignan between 980 and 1012.⁸

     Raoul I (?) Vicomte de Thouars married Aremburge/Asceline (?)^6,2
Raoul I (?) Vicomte de Thouars was born circa 963.⁷
Raoul I (?) Vicomte de Thouars died between 1014 and 1015.^1,8
     ; NB: There is uncertainty about the father of Auliarde/Aldearde.
     Genealogics says it was Raoul I de Thouars.
     Med Lands says it may have been Raoul I de Thouars, but also explains why it might not have been.
     Genealogy.EU (Lusignan and Chabanais) says it was probably Jourdain II de Chabanais.
My Conclusion: I have chosen to follow and Genealogics and Med Lands. GA Vaut.^{9,10,11,12,13}

; Leo van de Pas cites: Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag Marburg., Detlev Schwennicke, Editor, Reference: III 810.¹ GAV-29. Raoul I (?) Vicomte de Thouars was also known as Raoul I de Thouars Vicomte de Thouars.²

     Savary III de Thouars Vicomte de Thouars was born in 955 at Thouars, Vienne, France.⁶
Savary III de Thouars Vicomte de Thouars died after 1007.⁶
     GAV-27 EDV-27 GKJ-29. Savary III de Thouars Vicomte de Thouars was also known as Lavaric III de Thouars Vicomte de Thouars. He was living in 1004.¹

     Bernard I (?) Comte de La Marche, chatelain de Bellac, avoue de Charroux was born circa 974; Racines et Histoire and Med Lands say b. 991/993.^1,6,10 He married Aina/Amelia de Montignac, daughter of Hilduin/Audouin II (?) comte d’Angouleme and Adelaide/Alaisia/Alaaz/Alausie (?) de Fronsac.^{12,13,2,3,9,10}

Bernard I (?) Comte de La Marche, chatelain de Bellac, avoue de Charroux died on 16 June 1047; Genealogics and Med Lands say d. "     1038/16 Jun 1047."^12,6,9,10
      ; Per Genealogics:
     "Bernard was born about 974, the son of Aldebert I, comte de La Marche, and the daughter of Giraud, vicomte du Limousin. At the death of his father in 997, Bernard's uncle Boson II initially took over the rule over his possessions. After the death of Boson II about 1010, Bernard was able to take power in La Marche, while Périgord remained with Boson's descendants.
     "With his wife Aina or Amelia de Montignac, daughter of Géraud de Montignac and Nonia de Granol, Bernard had at least five children, of whom Aldebert II and Almodis would have progeny.
     "Bernard pursued a vendetta against Aimery I de Rancon, who occupied his fief of Civray. To that end he allied himself with Guillaume V-VII, duke of Aquitaine, comte de Poitou, and Hugues IV 'le Brun' de Lusignan, sire de Lusignan. He recognised the latter's right to a quarter of the castle of Civray and in exchange received his oath of allegiance. After Civray had been freed, however, Bernard was able, with the support of the population, to occupy the entire castle. With that he also made an enemy of Hugues IV de Lusignan, who turned against him, now allied with Aimery de Rancon. The feud was settled by the marriage of Bernard's daughter Almodis and Hugues V de Lusignan, son of Hugues IV.
     "Bernard's year of death is unknown, but by 1047 his eldest son Aldebert II was first documented as count of La Marche."

[See Note Per Med Lands]⁹

Reference: Genealogics cites: Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag Marburg., Detlev Schwennicke, Editor, Reference: II 69; III 819.⁹

; Per Wikipedia (Fr.):
     "Aldebert (ou Adalbert) Ier est un des quatre comtes de la Marche portant le nom Aldebert, et qui tous vécurent du xe au xie siècle.
Biographie
     "Il s'empara de Poitiers et de Tours, vers 990.
     "Il est tué d'une flèche en 997 lors du siège de Gençay, et inhumé à Charroux1.
     "Le chroniqueur du Moyen Âge Adémar de Chabannes rapporte cet échange entre le roi Hugues Capet et Aldebert Ier: lorsque ce dernier refuse de lever le siège de Tours, le roi le rappelle à l'ordre en lui demandant Qui t'a fait comte ?, Aldebert répond alors avec insolence Qui t'a fait roi ?2,3.
Notes et références
1. Généalogie des maisons de la Marche [archive] sur racineshistoire.free.fr [PDF].
2. Nouveau Larousse illustré, 1907-1910, 1er volume, p. 171.
3. « Qui t'a fait roi ? », contexte et explication de la citation [archive] sur citations.savoir.fr.
Annexes
Articles connexes
** Liste des comtes de la Marche: https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste_des_comtes_de_la_Marche
** Comté de la Marche: https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marche_(province)"

[See Note Per Med Lands].¹⁴

; Per Med Lands:
     "BERNARD de la Marche ([991/93]-[1038/16 Jun 1047]). The Chronicle of Adémar de Chabannes names "Bernardus" as son of "Aldebertus frater [Helias Petragoricensi comite]" and his wife "sorore Widonis vicecomitis"[36]. The Chronicle of Saint-Maxence names "Audeberti comitis Marchiæ…filius Bernardi, qui fuit Audeberti, qui fuit Bosonis, qui Sulpicii, qui fuit Godfredi primi comitis de Karrofo"[37]. The Chronicle of Adémar de Chabannes names "Bernardo filio Hildeberti", specifying that he succeeded in la Marche on the death of Boson Comte de Périgord et de la Marche[38]. He succeeded his uncle in [1003/12] as Comte de la Marche.
     "m AMELIE, daughter of --- (-[1053]). Her marriage is confirmed by the charter dated to [1053] under which "Guilabertus episcopus filius qui fui Richeldis femine" swore allegiance to her daughter "Almodis comitissa, filia que es Amelie comitisse", also naming "Remundus comes, senior meus, filio qui fuit Sanciæ comitisse"[39]. The wording of this document also confirms that Amélie was still alive at that date. It is possible that Amélie was related to Ermengarde, daughter of Hugues Garsinus de Corson, who married Bernard Vicomte de Comborn (see the dcoument LIMOUSIN), as she donated to Uzerche her share in property at "Montecenso"[40], part of which was later donated by Amélie’s son Eudes Comte de la Marche (see below). If this hypothesis is correct, the chronology suggests that Amélie would have belonged to the previous generation and therefore could have been the sister of Hugues de Corson. Amélie must have died soon after this charter as a charter also dated to [1053] records that "Udalardus filius que sum Ermengardis feminæ" swore allegiance to "domne Almodi comitissæ, filia quæ fuisti Ameliæ comitissæ"[41]. She is also named in the undated charter under which "Rogerius filius qui fui Trudgarda" [swore homage?] ("non decebrei") to [her daughter] “Rangarda filia Amelia neque filium suum Rogerium comitem” relating to “castro...Proliano neque...castello...Mirapixo”[42].
     "Comte Bernard & his wife had six children."
Med Lands cites: GAV-26 EDV-27 GKJ-28. Bernard I (?) Comte de La Marche, chatelain de Bellac, avoue de Charroux was also known as Bernard I Count of La Marche & Perigord.

; Per Racines et Histoire: "Bernard (Bernat) de la Marche ° 991/93 + entre 1038 et 16/06/1047 comte de La Marche (~ 1003/12, succède à son oncle)
     ép. Amelia (d’Angoulême ?) (fille d’Hilduin II, comte d’Angoulême et d’Alauzie de Gascogne.)¹⁵" He was Comte de La Marche
See map of France ca 1154 and County of La Marche (from Wikipedia: By Reigen - Own work.Sources :Image:France 1154 Eng.jpg by Lotroo under copyleftfrance_1154_1184.jpg from the Historical Atlas by William R. Shepherd, 1911., CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=37306574) between 1010 and 1041.^16,17

     Umberto II "il Rinforzato" (?) Count of Maurienne, Aosta & Savoy, Margrave of Turin was born circa 1070; Ivrea 1 page says b. bef 1080; Savoy 1 page says b. ca 1072; Wikipedia says b. 1065; Genealogics says b.l 1070; Med Lands says b. 1072.^1,3,8,9,10 He married Gisela (?) Countess of Burgundy-Ivrea, daughter of Guillaume I "The Great" Testard (?) Comte de Bourgogne et de Macon and Etiennette (?), circa 1090
;
Her 1st husband.^11,1,2,3,12
Umberto II "il Rinforzato" (?) Count of Maurienne, Aosta & Savoy, Margrave of Turin died on 18 September 1103 at Moûtiers, Departement de la Savoie, Rhône-Alpes, France (now); Genealogics says d. 18 Sep 1103; Savoy 1 page says d. 14.10.1103; Wikipedia says d. 19 Oct 1103; Med Lands says d. 19 Oct 1103.^{1,9,3,8,10,12}
Umberto II "il Rinforzato" (?) Count of Maurienne, Aosta & Savoy, Margrave of Turin was buried after 18 September 1103 at Cathédrale Saint-Pierre, Moûtiers, Departement de la Savoie, Rhône-Alpes, France; From Find A Grave:
     BIRTH     1065
     DEATH     14 Oct 1103 (aged 37–38)
     Family Members
     Parents
          Amedee II of Savoy 1050–1080
     Spouse
          Gisela of Burgundy, Marchioness of Montferrat 1075–1135
     Children
          Amadeus de Savoy 1092–1148
          Adelaide of Savoy 1092–1154
     BURIAL     Cathédrale Saint-Pierre, Moutiers, Departement de la Savoie, Rhône-Alpes, France
     Created by: Lutetia
     Added: 10 Aug 2016
     Find A Grave Memorial 168025027.¹²
      ; Per Wikipedia:
     "Umberto II, nicknamed the Fat (1065, Carignano, Piedmont – 19 October 1103[1]), was Count of Savoy from 1080 until his death in 1103. He was the son of Amadeus II of Savoy.
     "He was married to Gisela of Burgundy,[1] daughter of William I, Count of Burgundy, and had 7 children:
References
1. C.W. Previte-Orton, The Early History of the House of Savoy, (Cambridge University Press, 1912), 276-277."³ GAV-24 EDV-24 GKJ-26.

; Per Genealogics: "Umberto was born in 1070, the son of Amadeo II, count of Savoy and Jeanne de Genève. About 1090 he married Gisela de Bourgogne, daughter of Guillaume I, comte de Bourgogne. Umberto and Gisela had seven children, of whom Amadeo III, Agnès and Adèle would have progeny. Umberto, nicknamed 'the Fat', was count of Savoy from 1080 until his death in 1103."⁹

; Per Med Lands:
     "HUMBERT de Savoie, son of AMEDEE II Comte de Savoie & his wife Jeanne [de Genève] ([1072]-Moûtiers 19 Oct 1103, bur Moûtiers). "Umbertus comes, filius quondam Amedei" donated property to the monastery at Pinerolo by charter dated 29 Nov 1098[153]. He succeeded his father in 1080 as HUMBERT II "le Renforcé" Comte de Maurienne et de Savoie, under the regency of his paternal grandmother. On her death in 1091, Humbert lost much of her territories, retaining only the valley of Susa[154]. He was the first of his family to strengthen relations with France, diverting his attention from Italy after the loss of most of the family's Italian possessions. "Ubertus filii qda Amedo" donated property to Santa Maria d´Ivrea by charter dated 14 Sep 1094[155]. "Nantelmus" confirmed the foundation of the priory of Bellevaux en Bauges ["Bellævalles…supra villam Boggarum"], with the support of "Humberto comite", by charter dated to the end-11th century[156]. "Humbertus comes et marchio" donated property to the abbey of Aulps ["in pago Gebennensi in valle…Alpis"], with the consent of "Girardo Alingiensi et Gilione de Rovorea quorum feudem est", by charter dated to [1094], witnessed by "Girardus Alingiensis, Rodulphus de Fulciniaco, Uldricus comes, Anselmus, Willelmus, Amedeus filius eiusdem Girardi"[157]. "Humbertus comes et Girardus de Alingio et Gislo miles a quibus est ille locus" consented to the agreement between the abbey of Molesme and the abbey of Aulps, recorded in a charter dated 1097[158]. "Umbertus comes filius quondam Amedei" donated property to Pinerolo by charter dated 29 Nov 1098[159]. The necrology of Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne records the death "XIV Kal Nov" of "Humbertus comes Maur."[160].
     "m ([1090]) as her first husband, GISELE de Bourgogne, daughter of GUILLAUME I Comte Palatin de Bourgogne, Comte de Vienne et de Mâcon & his wife Etiennette --- ([1075]-after 1133). Her parentage is deduced from Suger stating that her daughter Adelaide, wife of Louis VI "le Gros" King of France, was the niece of Pope Calixtus II[161]. This is corroborated by "Guido Viennensis archiepiscopus" (later Pope Calixtus II) addressing a letter to "nepoti suo Amedeo comiti" (Amedée III Comte de Savoie, son of Gisèle by her first marriage) dated [1115][162]. Her date of birth is estimated from her having given birth to five children by her second husband whom she married in [1105], and assuming that she was no more than 17 years old when she gave birth to her first child by her first husband. "Amedeus comes" donated property to Saint-Jean de Maurienne, for the soul of "patris sui Uberti comtis", with the consent of "Gisla matre et fratribus eius Guillelmo atque Umberto", by charter dated 21 Oct 1104[163]. She married secondly ([1105]) Ranieri Marchese di Monferrato. Her second marriage is confirmed by Orderic Vitalis who records the marriage of Guillaume de Normandie and the daughter of Raniero III Marchese di Monferrato, naming both the bride's parents and specifying that the marriage was arranged by the bride's uterine half-sister, Adélaïde de Maurienne Queen of France[164].
Med Lands cites:

; Per Wikipedia:
     "Umberto II, nicknamed the Fat (1065, Carignano, Piedmont – 19 October 1103[1]), was Count of Savoy from 1080 until his death in 1103. He was the son of Amadeus II of Savoy.
     "He was married to Gisela of Burgundy,[1] daughter of William I, Count of Burgundy, and had 7 children:
References
1. C.W. Previte-Orton, The Early History of the House of Savoy, (Cambridge University Press, 1912), 276-277."⁸

Reference: Genealogics cites: Stammtafeln zur Geschichte der Europäischen Staaten, 4 volumes, Marburg, 1953, 1975., W. K. Prinz von Isenburg, Reference: II 27, 110.² Umberto II "il Rinforzato" (?) Count of Maurienne, Aosta & Savoy, Margrave of Turin was also known as Humbert II "le Renforcé" (?) Comte de Maurienne et de Savoie.^8,10 Umberto II "il Rinforzato" (?) Count of Maurienne, Aosta & Savoy, Margrave of Turin was also known as Umberto II (?) Comte de Savoie.² He was Count of Savoy, Aosta and Moriana between 1080 and 1103.^4,3,8

     Gisela (?) Countess of Burgundy-Ivrea was born circa 1075; Savoy 1 page says b. ca 1075.^7,1,3,5 She married Umberto II "il Rinforzato" (?) Count of Maurienne, Aosta & Savoy, Margrave of Turin, son of Amadeo II (?) Comte de Savoy, Margrave of Turin and Jeanne/Joanna (?) de Genève, circa 1090
;
Her 1st husband.^2,1,8,3,9 Gisela (?) Countess of Burgundy-Ivrea married Rianier II del Monferrato Marchese del Monferrato, son of Guglielmo IV del Monferrato Marchese del Monferrato and Aude/Otta (?) d'Aglie/Agledo, in 1105
; her 2nd husband.^{7,1,2,10,11,12}
Gisela (?) Countess of Burgundy-Ivrea died after 1133.^1,7,2,3,5
     Reference: Genealogics cites:

; Per Genealogy.EU: "Gisela de Bourgogne, *ca 1070, +after 1133; 1m: ca 1090 Ct Humbert II of Maurienne, Margrave of Turin (*before 1080, +18.9.1103); 2m: Margrave Rainer II of Montferrat (+1135/37.)¹"


; Per Wikipedia:
     "Gisela of Burgundy (1075–1135), was a Countess consort of Savoy and a Marchioness consort of Montferrat. She was the spouse of Humbert II, Count of Savoy and later of Rainier I of Montferrat whom she married after Humbert's death.[1] She was the daughter of William I, Count of Burgundy.
     "With her first husband, Humbert II of Savoy, whom she married in 1090, her children included:
     "By her second marriage to Rainier, Marquess of Montferrat, her children were:
References
1. Beihammer, Parani & Schabel 2008, p. 183.
2. Europäische Stammtafeln: Stammtafeln zur Geschichte der Europäischen Staaten, Neue Folge, Herausgegeben von Detlev Schwennicke (Marburg, Germany: Verlag von J. A. Stargardt, 1984), Tafeln 81, 200
Sources
** Beihammer, Alexander D; Parani, Maria G; Schabel, Christopher D., eds. (2008). Diplomatics in the Eastern Mediterranean 1000-1500: Aspects of Cross-Cultural Communication. BRILL. ISBN 978-9047433033."¹⁴


; Per Med Lands: "GISELE de Bourgogne ([1075]-after 1133). Her parentage is deduced from Suger saying that her daughter Adelaide, wife of Louis VI "le Gros" King of France, was the niece of Pope Calixtus II[111]. This is corroborated by "Guido Viennensis archiepiscopus" (later Pope Calixtus II) addressing a letter to "nepoti suo Amedeo comiti" (Amédée III Comte de Savoie, son of Gisèle by her first marriage) dated [1115][112]. Her date of birth is estimated from her having given birth to five children by her second husband whom she married in [1105], and assuming that she was no more than 17 years old when she gave birth to her first child by her first husband. Her second marriage is confirmed by Orderic Vitalis who records the marriage of Guillaume de Normandie and the daughter of Raniero III Marchese di Monferrato, naming both the bride's parents and specifying that the marriage was arranged by the bride's uterine half-sister, Adélaïde de Maurienne Queen of France[113]. m firstly ([1090]) HUMBERT II "le Renforcé" Comte de Maurienne et de Savoie, son of AMEDEE II Comte de Savoie Marchese di Susa & his wife Jeanne [de Genève] ([1072]-Moûtiers 19 Oct 1103, bur Moûtiers). Marchese di Turino 1094. m secondly ([1105]) RANIERI Marchese di Monferrato, son of GUGLIELMO III Marchese di Ravenna & his second wife Otta di Agledo (-[1135/37])."
Med Lands cites: GAV-24 EDV-24 GKJ-26.
; There seems to be a dispute as to the parents of Beatrice:
[GA Vaut 1 Sep 2020]“.^15,7,16

     Amadeo II (?) Comte de Savoy, Margrave of Turin was born circa 1046.³ He married Jeanne/Joanna (?) de Genève, daughter of Gerold I (?) Comte de Genève and Gisela Graf von Rheinfelden, between 1065 and 1070.^3,6,7,8,9

Amadeo II (?) Comte de Savoy, Margrave of Turin died on 26 January 1079/80.^3,1
      ; Per Genealogy.EU: "Ct Amedeo II of Savoy, Aosta and Moriana, Marchese di Torino e Susa (1078-80), *ca 1046, +26.1.1080; m.Joanna (+ca 1095), dau.of Ct Gerold I of Geneva by Gisele N."³



Reference: Genealogics cites: Stammtafeln zur Geschichte der Europäischen Staaten, 4 volumes, Marburg, 1953, 1975., W. K. Prinz von Isenburg, Reference: II 110.⁷ He was Conte di Savoia, Aosta e Moriana e del Chablais, Marchese di Susa, Marchese in Italia, Conte e Signore di Torino, Auriate, Bredulo, Asti, Alba, Albenga e Ventimiglia associato al fratello Pietro e alla madre.

; Per Wikipedia:
     "Amadeus II (c.?1050 – 26 January 1080) was the Count of Savoy from 1078 to 1080. His life is obscure and few documents mention him. During his reign he was overshadowed by his mother, but he had good relations with the Papacy and, for a time, the Holy Roman Emperor.[1]
Before his countship
     "The second son of Otto, Count of Savoy, and Adelaide, Margravine of Turin, Amadeus II was probably born around 1050, because he, alongside other noblemen of the Kingdom of Burgundy, swore an oath on the tomb of Saint Peter in Rome to defend the Church around 1070–73. In 1074 Pope Gregory VII was trying to persuade William I, Count of Burgundy, to remember this vow and, with Amadeus and others, go to the defence of the Roman Empire in the East against the Seljuk Turks.[2] As his mother is known to have had good relations with the Papacy in these years, this record seems to indicate that Amadeus was following his mother's policies at this early stage in his career.[2]
     "Early in 1077 Amadeus, with his mother and brother Peter, then Count of Savoy, hosted his sister Bertha, and his brother-in-law, Bertha's husband, the Emperor Henry IV. Amadeus and Adelaide then escorted the imperial couple to Canossa so the excommunicated emperor could reconcile with the pope.[3] There they both took part in the negotiations and stood as pledges for the emperor's good faith.[2]
     "On 16 July 1078 Amadeus and Peter witnessed a donation of their mother's to the Abbey of Novalesa.[2] It was the last act of Amadeus and Peter together.
As count
     "On 9 August 1078 Peter died and Amadeus succeeded him as Count of Savoy, but in the March of Turin, where Peter had co-ruled with their mother, Amadeus was never margrave, although the reason for this is unclear.[2] One document, issued by his widowed daughter Adelaide in 1090, refers to him as "count and margrave" (comes et marchio), but it is probably anachronistic.[4] There is only one document from his reign, in the cartulary of Saint-André-le-Bas in Vienne, which is dated when "Count Amadeus [was] reigning."[5] This shows, by the absence of the regnal year of the emperor, that despite his involvement in the reconciliation at Canossa, Amadeus II was neutral in the wider Investiture Controversy and the wars against Henry IV that it caused in Germany.[4]
     "Amadeus died in Turin on 26 January 1080, according to the necrology of the church of Saint Andrew there.[6] This date must be at least approximately correct, since Adelaide made a monastic donation for the benefit of the souls of her sons Margrave Peter and Count Amadeus on 8 March.[7]
Marriage, children and succession
     "According to the much later Chronicles of Savoy, Amadeus married Joan, daughter of "Girard, Count of Burgundy", who scholars have surmised to have been Count Gerold of Geneva. The Chronicon Altacumbae says only that "the wife of Amadeus [was] from Burgundy", which might refer to Amadeus I.[8] If his wife were Genevan, it would explain how the house of Savoy came to possess so early a large portion of the Genevois.[9] His wife, whatever her name and origins, bore Amadeus II several children, although there is some uncertainty about how many. His confirmed children were:
     "The succession of Amadeus II is unclear. His son Humbert II, who was later Count of Savoy, is well known, but in 1082 the Count of Savoy was Otto II. Although Amadeus is known to have had a younger brother named Otto, he is more likely to have been the Bishop of Asti of this name and time. This has led some scholars, beginning with the Conte di Vesme, to make Otto II the eldest son of Amadeus II, who succeeded him and was in turn succeeded by Humbert II.[9] In the immediate aftermath of Amadeus's death, Adelaide took control of all the Savoyard lands on both sides of the Alps.
Notes
1. See C. W. Previté-Orton, The Early History of the House of Savoy (1000–1233) (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1912), 242–43, for an overview of Amadeus II's reign.
2. F. Cognasso, "Amedeo II, conte di Savoia", Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani, Online.
3. A. Creber, ‘Women at Canossa. The Role of Elite Women in the Reconciliation between Pope Gregory VII and Henry IV of Germany (January 1077),’ Storicamente 13 (2017), article no. 13, pp. 1-44.
4. Previté-Orton, 242.
5. Quoted in Previté-Orton, 242: regnante Amedei comitis.
6. The necrology reads: vii. Kal. Feb. ob. comes Amedeus de Sabaudia (the seventh kalends of February died Count Amadeus of Savoy).
7. Quoted in Previté-Orton, 242: quondam Petri itemque marchionis sive quondam Amedei comitis (the same late Peter, margrave, and the late Amadeus, count).
8. Quoted in Previté-Orton, 243: uxor ejus [Amedei] de Burgondia.
9. Previté-Orton, 243."¹⁰



; Per Med Lands:
     "AMEDEE de Savoie ([1048/50]-26 Jan 1080, bur Saint-Jean de Maurienne). "Oddo et uxor mea Adalaicis…et filii mei Petrus Admedeus et filie mee" donated churches to Oulx by charter dated May 1057[113]. "Adelegida…comitissa" donated property to Pinerolo, for the souls of "domni Manfredi marchionis genitoris mei et Adalrici episcopi Barbani mei et Bertæ genetricis meæ et…domni Odonis marchionis viri mei", by charter dated 8 Sep 1064, signed by "Petri, Amedei, Vitelmi qui Bruno vicecomes vocatur…Henrici qui vocatur Marchio…"[114]. His parentage is confirmed by the Annals of Lambert which record that Heinrich IV King of Germany was in "Cinis" [Mont-Cénis] in Italy at Christmas 1077 to meet "socrum suam filiumque eius Amedeum"[115], the latter being the king's brother-in-law. "Domna Adelaida comitissa filia…cum filiis suis Petro et Amedeo" donated property to Novalesa, for the soul of "mariti sui Oddonis", by charter dated 16 Jul 1078[116]. He succeeded his brother in 1078 as AMEDEE II Comte de Savoie, Marchese di Susa. The necrology of Torino San Andreo records the death "VII Kal Feb" of "comes Amedeus de Sabaudia"[117].
     "m ([1065/70]) JEANNE, daughter of --- (-[1095]). The primary source which confirms her marriage has not yet been identified. Guichenon names her as the wife of Comte Amedée II referring to various secondary sources[118]. Her origin is not known. Guichenon, referring to "Henninges" (no precise citation), suggests "avec…assurance et…probabilité" that she was Jeanne de Genève, daughter of Gerold Comte de Genève & his first wife Gisela ---[119]. From his discussion, it does not appear that this speculation is based on any surviving primary source and it is not known how accurate it might be.
Comte Amedée II & his wife had [five] children."
Med Lands cites:

; Per Genealogics: "Amadeo was born about 1046, the son of Otto. count of Savoy and Adelaide de Susa. He married Jeanne de Genève, daughter of Gerold I, comte de Genève, and they had four children of whom Umberto II and Adela would have progeny. Amadeo ruled Savoy jointly with his brother Peter until Peter's death in 1078. Amadeo died in 1080, and was succeeded by Umberto II."⁷

GAV-25 EDV-25 GKJ-27. He was Margrave of Turin.¹ He was Count of Savoy between 1078 and 1080.^1,10

     Jeanne/Joanna (?) de Genève was born circa 1040 at Geneva, Switzerland.⁷ She married Amadeo II (?) Comte de Savoy, Margrave of Turin, son of Oddon de Maurienne Marchese di Susa, Comte de Maurienne et de Chablais and Adelaide de Susa Markgrafin of Susa, Herrin of Torino, between 1065 and 1070.^1,2,8,5,6

Jeanne/Joanna (?) de Genève died circa 1095.^1,2,6
     Reference: Genealogics cites:

; Per Wikipedia:
     "Joan of Geneva (born c. 1040, died 1095)[1] was a Countess Consort of Savoy; married to Amadeus II, Count of Savoy.
     "According to the much later Chronicles of Savoy, Amadeus married Joan, daughter of "Girard, Count of Burgundy", which scholars have surmised to have been Count Gerold of Geneva. The Chronicon Altacumbae says only that "the wife of Amadeus [was] from Burgundy", which might refer to Amadeus I.[2] If his wife were Genevan, it would explain how the house of Savoy came so early to possess a large portion of the Genevois.[3] His wife, whatever her name and origins, bore Amadeus II several children, although there is some uncertainty about how many:
References
1. "Jeanne de Genève". Geni.
2. Quoted in Previté-Orton, 243: uxor ejus [Amedei] de Burgondia.
3. Previté-Orton, 243."⁹

; Per Med Lands:
     "[JEANNE (-[1095]). Guichenon names Jeanne as the wife of Comte Amédée II referring to various secondary sources[33]. Her origin is not known with certainty, but Guichenon, referring to "Henninges" (no precise citation), suggests "avec…assurance et…probabilité" that she was the daughter of Gerold Comte de Genève and his first wife Gisela ---[34]. From his discussion, it does not appear that this speculation is based on any surviving primary source and it is not known how accurate it might be.
     "m ([1065/70]) AMEDEE de Savoie, son of ODDON Comte de Chablais & his wife Adelaida di Susa ([1048/50]-26 Jan 1080, bur Saint-Jean de Maurienne). He succeeded his brother in 1078 as AMEDEE II Comte de Savoie, Marchese di Susa.]"
Med Lands cites: GAV-25 EDV-25. She was Countess of Savoy between 1078 and 1080.⁹

     Guillaume I "The Great" Testard (?) Comte de Bourgogne et de Macon was born circa 1024 at Bourgogne, France; Genealogy.EU says b. ca 1024; Geanlogics says b. ca 1018; Wikipedia says b. c 1020; Med Lands says b. ca 1024.^2,8,9,10,4 He married Etiennette (?) between 1049 and 1057.^{3,11,12,2,8,4}

Guillaume I "The Great" Testard (?) Comte de Bourgogne et de Macon died on 12 November 1087.^3,11,2,8,4
Guillaume I "The Great" Testard (?) Comte de Bourgogne et de Macon was buried after 12 November 1087 at Cathedrale Saint-Jean de Besancon, Besancon, Departement du Doubs, Franche-Comté, France; From Find A Grave:
     BIRTH     1020, France
     DEATH     12 Nov 1087 (aged 66–67), France
     Family Members
     Parents
          Renaud I de Bourgogne unknown–1057
          Adelaide de Normandie 1002–1038
     Siblings
          Albereda of Buonalbergo 1033–1122
     Children
          Raymond de Bourgogne unknown–1107
          Étienne de Bourgogne 1065–1102
          Callixtus II 1065–1124
          Bertha de Bourgogne 1072–1095
          Gisela of Burgundy, Marchioness of Montferrat 1075–1135
     BURIAL     Cathedrale Saint-Jean de Besancon, Besancon, Departement du Doubs, Franche-Comté, France
     Maintained by: Anne Shurtleff Stevens
     Originally Created by: Jerry Ferren
     Added: 10 Nov 2010
     Find A Grave Memorial 61391010.¹³
     GAV-25 EDV-25.

; Per Genealogy.EU: "Cte Guillaume I "the Great" de Bourgogne (1057-87), Cte de Mâcon (1078-85), *ca 1024, +12.11.1087, bur Besancon; m.1049/57 Stephanie de Longwy (*ca 1035 +after 19.10.1088) possibly dau.of Adalbert III de Longwy, Duke of Upper Lorraine."²



; Per Wikipedia:
     "William I (1020 – 12 November 1087), called the Great (le Grand or Tête Hardie, "the Stubborn"), was Count of Burgundy from 1057 to 1087 and Mâcon from 1078 to 1087. He was a son of Renaud I and Alice of Normandy, daughter of Richard II, Duke of Normandy. William was the father of several notable children, including Pope Callixtus II.
     "In 1057, he succeeded his father and reigned over a territory larger than that of the Franche-Comté itself. In 1087, he died in Besançon, Prince-Archbishopric of Besançon, Holy Roman Empire -- an independent city within the County of Burgundy. He was buried in Besançon's Cathedral of St John.
     "William married a woman named Stephanie [fr] (a.k.a. Etiennette).[1]
     "Children of Stephanie (order uncertain):
Note
1. She was identified as the daughter of Adalbert, Duke of Lorraine in an article by Szabolcs de Vajay in Annales de Bourgogne, XXXII:247–267 (Oct–Dec 1960), but the author subsequently made an unqualified retraction of this claim in "Parlons encore d'Etiennette" in Prosopographica et Genealogica, vol. 3: Onomastique et Parenté dans l'Occident medieval, K. S. B. Keats-Rohan and C. Settipani, eds. (2000), pp. 2–6.
2. The Crusade of 1101, James Lea Cate, A History of the Crusades: The First Hundred Years, ed.Kenneth Meyer Setton and M. W. Baldwin, (The University of Wisconsin Press, 1969), 364 note32.
References
** Portail sur Histoire Bourgogne et Histoire Franche-Comté, Gilles Maillet."⁹



; Per Genealogics:
     "Guillaume I was born about 1020, the son of Renaud I, comte de Bourgogne, and Adeliza/Adelais of Normandy. Called 'the Great' ('le Grand') or 'the Rash' ('Tête Hardie'), he was count of Burgundy and Mâcon from 1057 to his death.
     "Between 1049 and 1057 Guillaume had married Stephanie, whose family is not recorded. They had numerous children, of whom six would have progeny. Their children included Guido de Bourgogne, who would become Pope Calixtus II. Guillaume ruled over a territory larger than that of the county of Burgundy (Franche-Comté) itself. Like his father, he was an unwilling vassal of the Holy Roman Empire.
     "In 1078 Guy II, comte de Maçon, became a monk at the abbey of Cluny and assigned his title and his lands to his cousin Guillaume I of Burgundy.
     "In 1085 Guillaume asserted himself as the most powerful figure in the county of Burgundy, grasping the ecclesiastical authority after the death of the powerful archbishop of Besançon, Hugues I de Salins, by making his son Hugues III archbishop of Besançon and his son Guido administrator of his brother's diocese.
     "Guillaume died in Besançon on 12 November 1087 and was buried there in the cathedral of St. Etienne, replaced in the eighteenth century by the cathedral of St. Jean, to which the graves of the counts of Burgundy were transferred. His sons Renaud II and Etienne I, who succeeded him, would both die on crusade in the Holy Land. Their younger brother Raymond, also a crusader, married Urraca, queen of Castile and León, and became the father of Alfonso VII, king of Castile and León."¹⁰



Reference: Genealogics cites: Guillaume I "The Great" Testard (?) Comte de Bourgogne et de Macon was also known as William I Count of Burgundy. Guillaume I "The Great" Testard (?) Comte de Bourgogne et de Macon was also known as Guillaume I (?) Cte de Bourgogne, Duke of Brabant.¹⁴

Reference: Weis [1992:141] line 161-23.¹⁵

; Per Med Lands:
     "GUILLAUME de Bourgogne, son of RENAUD I Comte de Bourgogne & his [first] wife Adelais de Normandie ([1024]-12 Nov 1087, bur Besançon). Guillaume of Jumièges names “Adeliz” as the first daughter of “dux Richardus” and his wife “Goiffredum Britannorum comitem...sororem...Iudith”, adding that she married “Rainaldo Burgundionum comiti” by whom she had “Willelmum et Widonem” (the marriage is recorded in a later passage)[33]. His parentage is also given by Orderic Vitalis[34]. He succeeded his father in 1057 as GUILLAUME I "le Grand" Comte de Bourgogne. Orderic Vitalis records that for about ten years he fought his brother Guy ex-Comte de Brionne who attempted to dispossess Guillaume[35]. He was one of the princes called upon by Pope Gregory VII in 1074 to help defend St Peter's[36]. He succeeded in 1078 as Comte de Mâcon, when his cousin Guy [II] Comte de Mâcon entered holy orders. The necrology of Besançon Cathedral records the death “II Id Nov” of “Willelmus comes Burgundionum pater Hugonis Archiepiscopi”[37].
     "m ([1049/57]) ETIENNETTE, daughter of --- (-after 19 Oct 1088). Szabolcs de Vajay[38] demonstrates that his earlier hypothesis concerning a Lotharingian origin of Etiennette is incorrect[39]. According to Père Anselme, she was the daughter of Berenguer Ramón I "el Curvo" Conde de Barcelona[40], but there appears to be no contemporary documentation on which this is based. Settipani suggests that Etiennette may have been the daughter of Bernard [II] Comte de Bigorre & his first wife Clémence, based solely on onomastics[41], but the possible motivation for a marriage between these two families is not obvious. Some secondary sources suggest that she was “Etiennette de Vienne”[42]. However, no documentary evidence has been found which indicates a connection between her descendants and the county of Vienne before her grandson Guillaume (who died 1155, see below), which suggests that any rights to the county were acquired by the family well after Etiennette died. Szabolcs de Vajay attributes the error connecting Etiennette with Vienne to her epitaph, which names “Allobrogum comitissa...Stephania”[43], indicating that, while the Allobroges had been a Gallic tribe living around Vienne, this archaic term was used elsewhere simply to describe the county of Burgundy[44].
Med Lands cites: He was Comte de Bourgogne between 1057 and 1087.^3,2 He was Cte de Mâcon between 1078 and 1085.²

     Etiennette (?) was born circa 1035.^2,3,4 She married Guillaume I "The Great" Testard (?) Comte de Bourgogne et de Macon, son of Renaud I de Mâcon Count Palatine of Burgundy and Adélaïde/Adelais/Alice/Judith (?) of Normandy, Countess of Burgundy, between 1049 and 1057.^5,2,6,3,4,7

Etiennette (?) died after 1092; Leo van de Pas says d. after 1092; Genealogy.EU (Ivrea 1 and Lorraine 1 pages) say d. after 19 October 1088.^8,3,4
     Reference: Genealogics cites: Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag, Marburg, Schwennicke, Detlev (Ed.) 2:59.⁸

; Per Med Lands:
     "m ([1049/57]) ETIENNETTE, daughter of --- (-after 19 Oct 1088). Szabolcs de Vajay[38] demonstrates that his earlier hypothesis concerning a Lotharingian origin of Etiennette is incorrect[39]. According to Père Anselme, she was the daughter of Berenguer Ramón I "el Curvo" Conde de Barcelona[40], but there appears to be no contemporary documentation on which this is based. Settipani suggests that Etiennette may have been the daughter of Bernard [II] Comte de Bigorre & his first wife Clémence, based solely on onomastics[41], but the possible motivation for a marriage between these two families is not obvious. Some secondary sources suggest that she was “Etiennette de Vienne”[42]. However, no documentary evidence has been found which indicates a connection between her descendants and the county of Vienne before her grandson Guillaume (who died 1155, see below), which suggests that any rights to the county were acquired by the family well after Etiennette died. Szabolcs de Vajay attributes the error connecting Etiennette with Vienne to her epitaph, which names “Allobrogum comitissa...Stephania”[43], indicating that, while the Allobroges had been a Gallic tribe living around Vienne, this archaic term was used elsewhere simply to describe the county of Burgundy[44].
Med Lands cites: GAV-25 EDV-25 GKJ-26.⁹ Etiennette (?) was also known as Stephanie de Longwy of Barcelona.^10,6,3 Etiennette (?) was also known as Stephanie of Longwy.

     Oddon de Maurienne Marchese di Susa, Comte de Maurienne et de Chablais was born circa 1020; Genealogics says b. 1010/20; Genealogy.EU (Savoy 1) says b. ca 1020; Med Lands says b. 1017.^4,3,1 He married Adelaide de Susa Markgrafin of Susa, Herrin of Torino, daughter of Manfredo Udalrico II (?) Marchese di Torino, Count of Susa and Bertha d'Este, in 1046
;
Her 3rd husband.^8,4,9,10,3,1
Oddon de Maurienne Marchese di Susa, Comte de Maurienne et de Chablais died on 1 March 1060; Genealogics says d. between 19 Jan 1057 and 1060; Savoy 1 page says d. 1.3.1060.^2,8,4,3,1
Oddon de Maurienne Marchese di Susa, Comte de Maurienne et de Chablais was buried after 1 March 1060 at Cattedrale di San Giovanni Battista, Turin (Torino), Città Metropolitana di Torino, Piemonte, Italy; From Find A Grave:
     BIRTH     1020
     DEATH     3 Mar 1060 (aged 39–40)
     Fourth child of Umberto I and Ancilla d'Aosta. He married Adelaide, Marchesa di Torino e Susa in 1046 who bore him five children. He succeeded his brother Amedee as Count of Savoy, Aosta and Moriana in 1051.
     Family Members
     Parents
          Umberto I unknown–1051
     Spouse
          Adelaide di Susa 1014–1091
     Siblings
          Amadeus I of Savoy 1000–1056
     Children
          Pierre I of Savoy 1048–1078
          Amedee II of Savoy 1050–1080
          Bertha of Savoy 1051–1087
          Adelaide of Savoy 1052–1079
     BURIAL     Cattedrale di San Giovanni Battista, Turin, Città Metropolitana di Torino, Piemonte, Italy
     Created by: Lutetia
     Added: 4 May 2012
     Find a Grave Memorial 89564278.¹¹
      ; This is the same person as ”Otto, Count of Savoy” at Wikipedia, as ”Othon Ier de Savoie” at Wikipédia (FR), and as ”Oddone di Savoia” at Wikipédia:ITAL] (IT).^12,13,14 GAV-26 EDV-26.

; Per Genealogics:
     “Otto was born between 1010 and 1020, the son of Umberto I, the first count of Savoy, and Ancilia von Lenzburg. He married Adelaide de Susa, heiress of Susa and Turin, daughter of Olderich Manfred II, count of Susa and Berte d'Este. Otto and Adelaide had five children of whom two sons and two daughters would have progeny. One of them was Berta, who married the Holy Roman Emperor Heinrich IV.
     “Otto ascended the throne of Savoy between 1051 and 1056, after the death of his elder brother Amadeo I. He died 1 March 1060, and was succeeded by his sons Peter and Amadeo II, who ruled jointly.”.³

Reference: Genealogics cites: Oddon de Maurienne Marchese di Susa, Comte de Maurienne et de Chablais was also known as Oddon de Maurienne Comte de Maurienne et de Chablais, Marchese di Susa.¹⁵ Oddon de Maurienne Marchese di Susa, Comte de Maurienne et de Chablais was also known as Oddone, Marchese di Susa e Moriana 1046, Ct of Chablais, Ct of Savoy, Aosta and Moriana de savoie Marchese di Susa e Moriana 1046, Ct of Chablais, Ct of Savoy, Aosta and Moriana.⁴ Oddon de Maurienne Marchese di Susa, Comte de Maurienne et de Chablais was also known as Otto (Udo) Count of Maurienne, Marq of Susa.¹⁶ Oddon de Maurienne Marchese di Susa, Comte de Maurienne et de Chablais was also known as Oddon de Savoie.¹⁷ Oddon de Maurienne Marchese di Susa, Comte de Maurienne et de Chablais was also known as Otto/Eudes Comte de Savoie.^2,18,4

; Per Med Lands:
     "ODDON de Maurienne, son of HUMBERT Comte de Maurienne & his wife Auxilia --- ([1017]-1 Mar 1060, bur Turin, cathedral of San Giovanni). "Hubertus comes" donated property to the canons of Saint-Jean and Saint-Urse by charter dated 1040, signed and consented to by "Oddo, Amedeus comes, Aymo Sedunensis episcopus, Brochardus filius Huberti comitis, Petrus marchio filius Odonis marchionis et commitissæ"[66]. Marchese di Susa [1046], by right of his wife, her territories extending between the Alps and the River Po (including Auriate, Turino, Ivrea and Aosta) and to the Mediterranean between Ventimiglia and Albenga, and including control of the Alpine passes of Mont-Cenis and Saint-Bernard[67]. "Odo marchio" subscribed the charter of his presumed nephew dated [1046][68]. He succeeded his brother in [1051] as ODDON Comte de Maurienne et de Chablais. "Odo marchio" donated property to the church of Tarantasia, for the soul of "patris mei Humbertus comes", by charter dated 1051[69]. "Oddo et uxor mea Adalaicis…et filii mei Petrus Admedeus et filie mee" donated churches to Oulx by charter dated May 1057[70]. The importance of the family's role in contemporary European politics is demonstrated by the marriage of Comte Oddon's daughter to the future king of Germany. The necrology of San Andreo di Torino records the death "XIV Kal Feb" of "Dnis Oddonis Marchionis"[71].
     "m ([1046]) as her third husband, ADELAIDA di Susa, Marchesa di Susa, widow firstly of HERMANN IV Duke of Swabia and secondly of ENRICO Marchese di Monferrato, daughter of MANFREDO UDALRICO Marchese di Susa & his wife Berta degli Obertenghi (Turin 1020-Canischio in Canavese 27 Dec 1091, bur Turin, cathedral of San Giovanni). Her first marriage is confirmed by Herimannus who records that "Hermannus quoque dux Alamanniæ" was granted "marcham soceri sui Maginfredi in Italia" by the emperor in 1034[72]. Her second marriage is confirmed by the charter dated 1043 under which "Henricus marchio filius quondam Wilielmi similiter marchioni et Adalena comitissa jugales filia quondam bo. me. Oldrici…Maginfredi…marchioni" donated property to San Antonino[73]. Her third marriage is confirmed by the Annalista Saxo which names "Adelheidis que soror erat comitis qui agnominatus est de Monte Bardonis in Italia et Immule seu Irmingardis" as wife of "Ottonis marchionis de Italia"[74]. "Oddo et uxor mea Adalaicis…et filii mei Petrus Admedeus et filie mee" donated churches to Oulx by charter dated May 1057[75]. She was regent for her son in 1060 after the death of her husband, playing a significant role in support of Heinrich IV King of Germany, her son-in-law, in his disputes with the papacy. "Dominus Petrus Marchio filius quond. bonæ memoriæ Oddonis marchionis…cum domina Adheleida comitissa matre sua" signed a charter dated 31 Jul 1064[76]. "Adelegida…comitissa" donated property to Pinerolo, for the souls of "domni Manfredi marchionis genitoris mei et Adalrici episcopi Barbani mei et Bertæ genetricis meæ et…domni Odonis marchionis viri mei", by charter dated 8 Sep 1064, signed by "Petri, Amedei, Vitelmi qui Bruno vicecomes vocatur…Henrici qui vocatur Marchio…"[77]. "Adalaxia cometissa filia quondam Maginfredus marchio" donated property to Pinerolo by charter dated 23 Jul 1075[78]. Adelaida mediated with Pope Gregory VII when King Heinrich submitted to him at Canossa in 1077, and received in return the town of Bugey for the house of Savoy[79]. "Domna Adelaida comitissa filia…cum filiis suis Petro et Amedeo" donated property to Novalesa, for the soul of "mariti sui Oddonis", by charter dated 16 Jul 1078[80]. "Adalegida cometissa filia Maginfredi marchionis et relicta quond. Oddonis idemque marchionis" donated property to the monastery at Taurini, in the presence of "domne Agnetis comitissæ, filiæ Wilelmi comitis et relictæ quondam Petri marchionis", for the souls of "Maginfredi patris, Adalrici Astensis episcopi patrui, Berthæ matris et Petri marchionis filii predictæ comitissæ Adalegidæ", by charter dated 4 Jul 1079[81]. "Adalasia comitissa cum nuru sua Agneta et filia eius Agnete" donated property to "ecclesiæ S. Mariæ…Astensis episcopatus" by charter dated 18 Jun 1089[82]. The necrology of Schaffhausen records the death "XIV Kal Jan" of "Adelheida Taurinensis comitissa"[83]."
Med Lands cites:

; Per Genealogy.EU (Savoy 1): "A4. Oddone, Marchese di Susa e Moriana 1046, Ct of Chablais, Ct of Savoy, Aosta and Moriana (1051-60), *ca 1020, +1.3.1060; m.ca 1046 Adelaide Marchesa di Torino e Susa (*ca 1015, +19.10.1091), dau.and heiress of Marchese."⁴
; Per Med Lands:
     "ADELAIDA di Susa (Turin 1020-Canischio in Canavese 27 Dec 1091, bur Turin, cathedral of San Giovanni). She succeeded her father in 1034 as Marchesa di Susa, heiress of Auriate, Turin, Ivrea and Aosta. Her first marriage is confirmed by Herimannus who records that "Hermannus quoque dux Alamanniæ" was granted "marcham soceri sui Maginfredi in Italia" by the emperor in 1034[614]. "Adaleida f. quondam Maginfredi marchionis et coniux Ermanni ducis et marchionis" donated property "in loco Porciana" to the monastery of San Stefano at Genoa by charter dated 4 Jul [1038], signed by "Bertæ comitissæ…"[615]. "Heynricus marchio filius quondam Uuilielmi similique marchioni et Adalagide cometisse jugales filia bone memorie Odolrici qui et Maginfredi similique marchionis" donated churches to the church of Torino by charter dated 29 Jan 1042[616]. Her second marriage is confirmed by the charter dated 1043 under which "Henricus marchio filius quondam Wilielmi similiter marchioni et Adalena comitissa jugales filia quondam bo. me. Oldrici…Maginfredi…marchioni" donated property to San Antonino[617]. "Adalania comitissa filia quondam Odolricus…Magenfridi et conjux Enricus" donated property to Santa Maria di Cavorre by charter dated 1043[618]. Rivaz, in his compiled index of Burgundian charters. notes a charter dated 1043 under which "Henri marquis de Monferrat et Adelaide de Susa son épouse" donated the church of Santa Agata, Susa to the monastery of Saint-Antonin[619]. "Domnus Henricus marchio filius quondam Vuilielmi…marchio et domna Adeleita cometissa iugales, filia quondam Odelrici qui et Magnifredi…marchionis" donated property to Pinerolo by charter dated 14 Mar [1044][620]. Her third marriage is confirmed by the Annalista Saxo which names "Adelheidis que soror erat comitis qui agnominatus est de Monte Bardonis in Italia et Immule seu Irmingardis" as wife of "Ottonis marchionis de Italia"[621]. She was regent for her son in 1060 after the death of her husband, playing a significant role in support of Heinrich IV King of Germany, her son-in-law, in his disputes with the Papacy. "Dominus Petrus Marchio filius quond. bonæ memoriæ Oddonis marchionis…cum domina Adheleida comitissa matre sua" signed a charter dated 31 Jul 1064[622]. "Adelegida…comitissa" donated property to Pinerolo, for the souls of "domni Manfredi marchionis genitoris mei et Adalrici episcopi Barbani mei et Bertæ genetricis meæ et…domni Odonis marchionis viri mei", by charter dated 8 Sep 1064, signed by "Petri, Amedei, Vitelmi qui Bruno vicecomes vocatur…Henrici qui vocatur Marchio…"[623]. "Adalaxia cometissa filia quondam Maginfredus marchio" donated property to Pinerolo by charter dated 23 Jul 1075[624]. She mediated with Pope Gregory VII when King Heinrich submitted to him at Canossa in 1077, and received in return the town of Bugey for the house of Savoy[625]. "Domna Adelaida comitissa filia…cum filiis suis Petro et Amedeo" donated property to Novalesa, for the soul of "mariti sui Oddonis", by charter dated 16 Jul 1078[626]. "Adalegida cometissa filia Maginfredi marchionis et relicta quond. Oddonis idemque marchionis" donated property to the monastery at Taurini, in the presence of "domne Agnetis comitissæ, filiæ Wilelmi comitis et relictæ quondam Petri marchionis", for the souls of "Maginfredi patris, Adalrici Astensis episcopi patrui, Berthæ matris et Petri marchionis filii predictæ comitissæ Adalegidæ", by charter dated 4 Jul 1079[627]. The necrology of Schaffhausen records the death "XIV Kal Jan" of "Adelheida Taurinensis comitissa"[628]. "Heinricus…Romanorum imperator augustus" confirmed the possessions of the church at Asti by undated charter placed in the compilation with other charters dated 1093, which notes among others property in "comitatum [Astensi]…habuit et tenuit Adheledis comitissa"[629].
     "m firstly (1035) HERMANN IV Duke of Swabia, son of ERNST I Duke of Swabia [Babenberg] & his wife Gisela of Swabia ([1015]-28 Jul 1038). He was the stepson of Emperor Konrad II who arranged his marriage with Adelaida who was a powerful heiress in Northern Italy[630].
     "m secondly (Jan 1042) ENRICO Marchese di Monferrato, son of Marchese GUGLIELMO & his wife Waza --- (-[14 Mar 1044/1045]).
     "m thirdly ([1046]) ODDON de Maurienne, son of HUMBERT Comte de Maurienne & his second wife Auxilia --- ([1017]-1 Mar 1060, bur Turin, cathedral of San Giovanni). Marchese di Susa [1046], in right of his wife. Comte de Chablais."
Med Lands cites: He was Count of Savoy, Aosta and Moriana between 1051 and 1060.⁴

     Adela/Adelaida (?) married Alberto Azzo I d'Este Marchese di Liguria, son of Marchese Oberto II d'Este Conte di Luni, Tortona, Genova and Milano and Railinda (?) of Cuomo.^1,3,2

Adela/Adelaida (?) died after 1012.²
      ; Per Med Lands:
     "m ADELA, daughter of OBERTO & his wife --- (-after 1012). "Adela comitissa et conjus Azoni marchio" sold property to "Domninus diaconus de burgo sancti Domnini et filius quondam Undulfi de loco Variano", and confirmed donations by "Ugonem filium Atberti marchio seniori meo", by charter dated 1011[329]. "Adela comitissa conjus Azoni marchio, que professa sum ex natione mea legem vivere Salicha" donated property to the bishopric of Cremona, with the consent of "Azoni predictus, Otbertus genitor meus…cum notitia Lanfranchi comiti hujus comitatu Auciense", by charter dated 1012[330]."
Med Lands cites: GAV-28 EDV-28.

Reference: Genealogics cites: Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag, Marburg, Schwennicke, Detlev (Ed.) 1.1:31.⁴

     Gerold I (?) Comte de Genève married Gisela Graf von Rheinfelden, daughter of Kuno (?) Count of Rheinfelden,
;
His 1st wife.^1,2 Gerold I (?) Comte de Genève was born in 1008.³ He was born circa 1012 at Geneva, Switzerland; Med lands says b. 1010/1020.^4,2 He was born circa 1020.
Gerold I (?) Comte de Genève died circa 1045.⁴ He married Thietburga (?) of Savoy, daughter of Amadeus I 'Cauda' (?) Count of Savoy, Aosta and Moriana and Adelaide (?) d'Albon, in 1061
;
His 2nd wife.^5,1,6,2
Gerold I (?) Comte de Genève died before 1080.⁷
     GAV-25 EDV-26 GKJ-25.

; Per Med Lands:
     "GERAUD ([1010/20]-after [1065/80]). "Rodulfus rex et Mathildis soror eius" are named as children of "Mathilde…filia…Gerberga" in the Continuator of Flodoard, which specifies that Mathilde was mother of Berta who was mother of "Geroldus Genevensis"[22]. As Géraud’s son Conon was probably adult when he donated property, recorded in a charter dated to [1061] (see below), it is unlikely that Géraud was born much later than [1020]. Comte de Genève. Géraud Comte de Genève supported the challenge by Eudes II Comte de Blois to the succession of Emperor Konrad I [II] King of Germany to the kingdom of Burgundy after the death of King Rudolf III in 1033[23]. Herimannus records that "Reginolf et Gerolt Burgundiones" submitted to Heinrich III King of Germany "apud Solodurum" [Solothurn] in 1045[24]. "Cono Geraldi comitis filius" donated property to the abbey of Ainay, with the consent of "Geraldi comitis patris sui", by charter dated to [1061][25].
     "[m firstly GISELA, daughter of ---. Guichenon names Gisela as the first wife of Géraud Comte de Genève[26]. The primary source which confirms her marriage has not yet been identified.] A family relationship is indicated between Rudolf von Rheinfelden King of Germany and Géraud Comte de Genève: a continuation of the Annales of St Gallen records that in 1064 “Rudolfus dux” attacked “Burgundiones” and expelled “sui sororini...rebellis Gerold[i” from Geneva[27]. The term “sororinus” is rarely encountered in medieval documents. Ducange provides three possible definitions: “sororis maritus”, “uxoris frater”, and “filiolus sororis”[28]. The second of these can be excluded in the context of the Rheinfelden family given our knowledge about the families of Rudolf’s wives, as well as the third given the chronology of the lives of Géraud and Rudolf which suggests that the former was born earlier than the latter. “Sister’s husband” is therefore the most likely possibility, with which Hlawitschka agrees[29]: if that is correct, Géraud married --- von Rheinfelden, daughter of Kuno Graf von Rheinfelden & his wife ---. This is consistent with “sororinus” being derived from “soror” and maybe being a variation of “sororius”. As shown here, Géraud is recorded with two possible wives. Given the likely dating of his [second] marriage, it is difficult to assess whether, in this scenario, his [first wife] Gisela or his [second] wife Tetberga would have been the daughter of Kuno Graf von Rheinfelden. It should be noted that Armin Wolf, linking the etymology of “sororinus” with “sobrinus” and by extension “consobrinus”, suggests that Géraud and Rudolf were first cousins, sons of two sisters[30]. However, this interpretation requires reading “sororini” as “consororini”, which stretches the natural interpretation of the passage. If Géraud’s wife was Rudolf’s sister, presumably she could have been the same person as Kuno’s daughter shown in the document SWABIA NOBILITY (in which case she would be identified as Géraud’s [first wife] Gisela).]
     "m [secondly] ([1060/70]) as her second husband, TETBERGA, widow of LOUIS Seigneur de Faucigny, daughter of ---. Her first marriage is proved by the charter dated 4 Sep 1119 by which "Wido…Gebennensis episcopus" donated "ecclesiam de Condominio" for the souls of "…matrie mee Teberge" to Cluny[31]. Her second marriage is confirmed by the undated charter, dated to [1088/99], under which "Aymo comes Gebennensis et filius meus Giroldus" founded the priory of Chamonix, signed by "uterini fratres comitis, Willelmus Fulciniacus et Amedeus…"[32].
Géraud & his [first] wife had [one possible child]:
Géraud & his [first/second] wife had one child:
Géraud & his [second] wife had one child:"
Med Lands cites: Gerold I (?) Comte de Genève was also known as Geraud I (?) Comte de Genève.² Gerold I (?) Comte de Genève was also known as Gerald Count of Geneva. He was living in 1032.¹

     Gisela Graf von Rheinfelden married Gerold I (?) Comte de Genève, son of Bertha (?) Countess of Flanders,
;
His 1st wife.^3,1 Gisela Graf von Rheinfelden was born circa 1020 at Switzerland.⁴
Gisela Graf von Rheinfelden died between 1065 and 1080.¹
     GAV-26 EDV-26.

; Per Med Lands:
     "daughter . Her parentage is confirmed by the Chronicon Ebersheimense which names [her grandson] "Adelgaudum abbatem…filius Iudite, filia sororis Ruodolfi [dux Alemannorum]" when recording that Emperor Heinrich IV expelled him from the abbey[451]. The involvement of Emperor Heinrich IV indicates that this daughter must have been one of her parents’ older children, considering that Adelgaud was presumably adult at the time of the intervention.
     "m ---. No indication has been found about the identity of her husband."
Med Lands cites: [451] Chronicon Ebersheimense 26, MGH SS XXIII, p. 444.²

     Renaud I de Mâcon Count Palatine of Burgundy was born circa 986 at Bourgogne, France.^1,10,4 He married Adélaïde/Adelais/Alice/Judith (?) of Normandy, Countess of Burgundy, daughter of Richard II "The Good" (?) Duke of Normandy and Judith "of Rennes" (?) of Brittany, before 1 September 1016 at France
;
His 1st wife. Boyer (pp. 182-1) says m. 1023; Genealogy.EU (Ivrea Page 1) says m. bef 1 Sep 1016.^{11,1,10,12,13,3,4} Renaud I de Mâcon Count Palatine of Burgundy married Judith (?) after 1030
;
His 2nd wife.³
Renaud I de Mâcon Count Palatine of Burgundy died on 4 September 1057 at France.^1,2,10,4
     Reference: Genealogics cites:

; Per Genealogics:
     "Renaud I was born about 986, the son of Eudes Guillaume, comte de Bourgogne, comte de Maçon, and Ermentrud/Irmgard de Roucy, daughter of Ragenold/Renaud, comte de Roucy, and Alverade de Lorraine.
     "In 995 Renaud's father brought Guy I, Renaud's 20 years old elder brother, into a share of the rule, in preparation for the succession. In 1002 Guy succeeded his father as comte de Maçon. In 1006 Guy died and his son Eudes I succeeded him in Maçon.
     "Before 1 September 1016 Renaud married Adeliza/Adelais of Normandy, daughter of Richard II 'the Good', duke of Normandy, and Judith de Bretagne. Renaud and Adelais had four sons and two daughters of whom only a son Guillaume who would have progeny.
     "Renaud succeeded his father as count of the free county of Burgundy (Franche-Comté) on his father's death in 1026. The region prospered through salt mining and the development of trade routes across the Jura.
     "In 1027 Renaud was at war against the bishop-Count of Auxerre, Hugues de Chalon, who captured him at Auxerre, Renaud was freed by troops sent by his father-in-law and led by the future Duke Richard of Normandy.
     "When Rudolph III, king of Burgundy, died on 2 February 1032 he bequeathed his kingdom, which combined two earlier kingdoms of Burgundy, to his cousin Emperor Konrad II. His nephew Eudes II de Blois, eldest son of his sister Bertha de Bourgogne, rose up against Konrad, triggering the revolt of the feudal lords and prelates of the kingdom of Burgundy. In the ensuing Burgundy War of Succession (1032-1034), Eudes was supported by Renaud, Gérold II de Genève, archbishop of Vienne, the bishop of Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne and the archbishop of Lyon, Burchard II, the bastard son of Conrad I, king of Burgundy and half-brother of Rudolph III of Burgundy.
     "Facing them, Emperor Konrad II had the support of Heribert, archbishop of Milan, Boniface III, marquis of Tuscany, Ermengarde, the widow of Rudolph III, and Humbert de Maurienne, former advisor and vassal of Rudolph III. Eudes II de Blois was crowned King of Burgundy in Lausanne by his supporters, but in January 1033 the emperor was also crowned at Basel. The revolt failed and the kingdom of Burgundy remained with the empire. To escape the imperial armies, Renaud retired to Dijon in the duchy of Burgundy, where he retained considerable support. In 1034 Emperor Konrad took formal possession of the county of Burgundy (the former kingdom of Burgundy) and on 1 August he received the homage of his new vassals at Geneva.
     "In 1037 Renaud and Eudes II de Blois resumed their fight against the imperial troops led by Gozelo I 'the Great', duke of Upper-Lorraine, Margrave of Antwerp, and allied with those of Henri I, king of France. On 15 November that year, at the Battle of Hanol between Bar-le-Duc and Verdun (also known as the Battler of Bar), Eudes was killed.
     "Emperor Konrad II decided to lift the sentences imposed on his former opponents. At Dijon, Renaud, who headed the coalition, received the emperor's emissary informing him of the emperor's desire for a reconciliation. Renaud became count palatine of Burgundy, responsible for administering the land and delivering justice on behalf of the emperor. His successors would continue to carry this title.
     "In 1038 Konrad II transferred the county of Burgundy to his son Heinrich III, who was crowned King of Burgundy in Soleure. The great lords, including Renaud and the archbishop of Besançon, Hugues I de Salins, attended the ceremony and paid homage to their new king. The following year Archbishop Hugues became the confidant of Heinrich III. The emperor then granted some autonomy and the right to self-government to the county of Burgundy. The archbishop was appointed chancellor and richly rewarded for his support.
     "In 1043 Heinrich III, now emperor, came to Besançon for his engagement to Agnès de Poitou, the niece of Renaud, daughter of Guillaume III-V 'le Grand', duc d'Aquitaine, comte de Poitou. On this occasion Archbishop Hugues gained royal rights (legal, political, fiscal and economic) over the city of Besançon. He was appointed a Prince of the Holy Roman Empire, and ruled supreme over the city, with the emperor and Pope Gregory VII his only superiors. He thereby escaped the authority of the counts of Burgundy.
     "In 1044 Heinrich III continued to favour those who had supported his father. He granted the town of Montbéliard to Louis, comte de Mousson. Renaud rebelled again against the emperor. He besieged the castle of Montbéliard, but Louis defeated his forces and maintained the independence of Montbéliard from the county of Burgundy.
     "Renaud died on 4 September 1057, and was succeeded by his son Guillaume. He had already been involved in his father's decisions for several years, and provided authority to the county of Burgundy in his father's absences. Renaud was buried in the cathedral of Saint-Etienne de Besançon, replaced in the eighteenth century by the cathedral of St.Jean, to which the graves of the counts of Burgundy were transferred."⁴

; Per Wikipedia:
     "Reginald I, Count of Burgundy (aka Renaud I, Count Palatine of Burgundy) was the second Count of the Free County of Burgundy. Born in 986, he was the son of Otto-William, Count of Burgundy (the first Count) and Ermentrude de Roucy.
     "In 1016, Reginald married Alice of Normandy.[1] He succeeded to the County on his father's death in 1026. Reginald was succeeded by his son, William I, on his death in 1057.
     "Reginald married Alice and had the following children:
References
1. Fegley 2002, p. 104.
2. Douglas 1964, p. 418.
3. Potter 1999, p. 181.
Sources
** Douglas, David C. (1964). William the Conqueror: The Norman Impact Upon England. University of California Press.
** Fegley, Randall (2002). The Golden Spurs of Kortrijk: How the Knights of France Fell to the Foot Soldiers of Flanders in 1302. McFarland & Co. Inc.
** Potter, Julie (1999). "The Benefactors of Bec and the Politics of Priories". In Harper-Bill, Christopher (ed.) Anglo-Norman Studies XXI: Proceedings of the Battle Conference 1998. Boydell Press."

Per Wikipédia (Fr.):
     "Renaud Ier de Bourgogne (986-1057) fut 2e comte de Bourgogne (1er comte palatin de Bourgogne) de la Maison d'Ivrée au xie siècle.
Biographie
     "Si ce bandeau n'est plus pertinent, retirez-le. Cliquez ici pour en savoir plus sur les bandeaux.     Cet article contient une ou plusieurs listes (mai 2017).
     "986 : naissance. Fils du Ier comte Otte-Guillaume de Bourgogne et d'Adélaïde Ermentrude de Reims et de Roucy (fille de Renaud de Roucy, comte de Reims et seigneur de Roucy et d'Albérade de Hainaut, fille du duc Gislebert de Lotharingie et de Gerberge de Saxe). Adélaïde de Reims était l'héritière du comté de Mâcon par son premier mariage avec Aubry II de Mâcon († 982).
     "995 : à l'âge de 20 ans, son père associe le frère aîné de Renaud de Bourgogne Guy Ier de Mâcon, né en 975, au pouvoir du comté de Bourgogne et du comté de Mâcon, en vue de sa succession.
     "1002 : âgé de 27 ans, Guy Ier de Mâcon devient comte de Mâcon.
     "1004 : Guy Ier de Mâcon meurt à l'âge de 29 ans. Son fils Otton II de Mâcon lui succède au titre de Comte de Mâcon. Otte-Guillaume partage ses terres : son fils Renaud reçoit les comtés d'Amous, Varais et Portois; Otton, son petit-fils reçoit le Mâconnais et l’Escuens. Otte-Guillaume conserve ses droits sur les comtés de la Bourgogne franque (Beaumont, Fouvent et Oscheret). Les comtes de Bourgogne conserveront pendant longtemps de nombreuses terres ou suzerainetés sur des comtés situés dans le duché de Bourgogne.
     "1016 : Renaud épouse Adélaïde de Normandie (1002-1038), fille du duc Richard II de Normandie et de Judith de Bretagne.
     "1026 : Renaud Ier de Bourgogne succède, le 21 octobre 1026, à l'âge de 40 ans, au titre de comte de Bourgogne, à son père qui décède, et à son frère Guy décédé.
     "L'exploitation des salines (mines de sel de Salins et de Lons-Montmorot) et le développement des routes commerciales à travers le Jura assurent la prospérité de la région.
     "1027 : Renaud Ier de Bourgogne est en guerre contre l’évêque-comte d'Auxerre, Hugues de Chalon. Celui-ci le fait prisonnier à Auxerre. Renaud Ier est libéré par les troupes envoyées par son beau-père et menées par le futur duc Richard III de Normandie.
     "1032 : Rodolphe III de Bourgogne (dernier roi de Bourgogne) meurt sans postérité, le 6 septembre 1032. Il avait désigné son cousin l'empereur germanique Conrad II le Salique en tant qu'héritier. Son neveu Eudes II de Blois, fils de sa sœur aînée Berthe de Bourgogne, suscita contre Conrad le Salique, la révolte des féodaux et des prélats du royaume de Bourgogne. La guerre de succession de Bourgogne (1032-1034) ainsi entamée est soutenue par Renaud Ier de Bourgogne, le comte Gérold II de Genève, l'archevêque de Vienne, l'évêque de Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne, ainsi que l'archevêque de Lyon, Burchard II, fils bâtard de Conrad le Pacifique et demi-frère de Rodolphe III de Bourgogne.
     "Face à eux, Conrad le Salique a l'appui d'Héribert, archevêque de Milan, du marquis Boniface III de Toscane, d'Ermengarde, veuve de Rodolphe III, et d'Humbert de Maurienne, ancien conseiller et vassal de Rodolphe III — aujourd'hui, plus connu sous le nom d'Humbert aux Blanches Mains.
     "Eudes II de Blois se fait couronner roi de Bourgogne à Lausanne, par ses partisans, mais en janvier 1033, l'empereur se fait aussi couronner à Bâle.
     "La révolte échoue et le royaume de Bourgogne doit rester dans l'empire. Afin d'échapper aux armées impériales, Renaud de Bourgogne se retire à Dijon, en Bourgogne ducale où il a conservé de nombreux appuis.
     "1034 : l'empereur germanique Conrad II le Salique prend possession du royaume de Bourgogne (en réalité du comté de Bourgogne) et reçoit le 1er août, l'hommage de ses nouveaux vassaux à Genève.
     "Conrad II vassalise le comté de Bourgogne sur de nombreuses générations, au détriment du duché de Bourgogne et du royaume de France.
     "1037 : Renaud Ier de Bourgogne et Eudes II de Blois continuent la lutte contre les troupes impériales menées par Gothelon Ier de Lotharingie et alliées, pour l'occasion, à celles du roi de France Henri Ier. Le 15 novembre, bataille de Hanol, entre Bar-le-Duc et Verdun. Mort de Eudes II de Blois.
     "L'empereur Conrad II décide de lever les sentences contre ses adversaires d’hier. Renaud Ier de Bourgogne, chef de la coalition, reçoit, à Dijon, une ambassade de l’empereur, qui lui annonce les désirs de réconciliation de celui-ci. Renaud Ier de Bourgogne devient comte palatin (Pfalzgraf) de Bourgogne, titre donné dans l’administration impériale germanique, à ceux qui sont chargés d’administrer les terres et de rendre la justice au nom de l’empereur. Ses successeurs continueront à porter ce titre.
     "1038 : Conrad II transmet le royaume de Bourgogne à son neveu Henri III. Il le fait couronner roi de Bourgogne à Soleure. Les grands, dont le comte Renaud et l’archevêque de Besançon Hugues Ier de Salins, sont présents à cette cérémonie et doivent prêter hommage à leur nouveau roi.
     "1039 : l'archevêque de Besançon, Hugues Ier de Salins, devient l'homme de confiance d'Henri III. L'empereur accorde alors une certaine autonomie franche et le droit de s'auto-administrer par son propre gouvernement au comté de Bourgogne. L'archevêque de Besançon est nommé chancelier et récompensé très largement pour sa totale et très dévouée collaboration.
     "1043 : Henri III vient à Besançon, pour se fiancer avec Agnès d'Aquitaine, nièce de Renaud Ier de Bourgogne, et fille du duc d’Aquitaine, Guillaume V d'Aquitaine. À cette occasion, l’archevêque de Besançon, Hugues Ier de Salins, obtient des droits régaliens sur la ville de Besançon (droits juridiques, politiques, fiscaux et économiques). Il est nommé prince de l’empire germanique (rang maximum avant empereur) et règne en souverain sur la cité, avec l'empereur et le pape Grégoire VII pour seuls supérieurs. Il échappe ainsi au pouvoir des comtes de Bourgogne.
     "1044 : Henri III continue à favoriser ceux qui ont soutenu son père. Il donne la ville de Montbéliard au comte Louis de Mousson. Renaud Ier de Bourgogne se révolte à nouveau contre l'empereur, allié au comte Gérold de Genève1. Il assiège le château de Montbéliard, mais le comte Louis défait leurs troupes et maintient ainsi l’indépendance de Montbéliard vis-à-vis du comté de Bourgogne. Les deux comtes se soumettent l'année suivante à l'empereur1.
     "1057 : en septembre, le comte Renaud disparaît à l'âge de 71 ans. Son fils Guillaume (1057-1087), lui succède. Il était déjà associé aux décisions comtales depuis plusieurs années, et assurait l’autorité sur le comté de Bourgogne en l’absence de son père. Renaud Ier de Bourgogne est inhumé en la cathédrale Saint-Etienne de Besançon, remplacée au xviiie siècle par la cathédrale St-Jean, où furent transférées les sépultures des comtes de Bourgogne (chapelle du Sacré-Cœur).
Descendance
     "De son mariage avec Adélaïde de Normandie, Renaud Ier de Bourgogne a eu quatre fils et deux filles :
     "Renaud Ier de Bourgogne éleva par ailleurs à sa cour Robert de Nevers (1035-1098), dit "Le Bourguignon", fils de Renaud Ier de Nevers (1000-1040), son neveu. Robert de Nevers est à l'origine de la maison de Craon-Nevers. Son petit-fils Robert de Craon, dit Le Bourguignon également, succéda à Hugues de Payns en tant que second Maître de l'Ordre du Temple.
Voir aussi
Articles connexes
** Comté de Bourgogne: https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comt%C3%A9_de_Bourgogne
** Liste des comtes de Bourgogne: https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste_des_comtes_palatins_de_Bourgogne
** Histoire de la Franche-Comté: https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histoire_de_la_Franche-Comt%C3%A9
** Histoire de la Bourgogne: https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histoire_de_la_Bourgogne
** Liste des ducs de Bourgogne: https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste_des_ducs_de_Bourgogne
** Liste des rois d'Italie: https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste_des_rois_d%27Italie
** Maison d'Ivrée: https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maison_d%27Ivr%C3%A9e
** Guillaume le Conquérant: https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillaume_le_Conqu%C3%A9rant
** Renaud Ier de Craon: https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renaud_Ier_de_Craon
Lien externe
** Les quartiers généalogiques d'Otte-Guillaume [archive]: http://gilles.maillet.free.fr/histoire/quartier_bourgogne/quartier_otteguillaume.htm
Références
1. Acte de janvier 1045 publiés dans le Régeste genevois (1866), côte REG 0/0/1/198, que l'on peut consulter en ligne dans le Répertoire chronologique des sources sur le site digi-archives.org de la Fondation des Archives historiques de l'Abbaye de Saint-Maurice (Suisse) - (Lire en ligne [archive])."^14,15 GAV-26 EDV-26 GKJ-27.

; Per Med Lands:
     "RENAUD de Mâcon, son of OTHON GUILLAUME Comte de Mâcon & his first wife Ermentrude de Roucy ([990]-3/4 Sep 1057, bur Besançon). Rodulfus Glaber names "Rainaldus" as one of the sons of "Willemus, Henrici ducis priuignus, Adalberti Longobardorum ducis filius" and his wife[3]. His mother's name is confirmed by the charter dated 1029 under which "Reinaldus comes filius Ottonis cognomento Vuilelmi…Yrmengardis coniugis" donated property "ecclesiam sancti Nicolai vallis iuxta Poliniacum" to Cluny, confirmed by "Rodulfus rex"[4]. The Chronicle of Saint-Bénigne de Dijon records a donation by "Otto comes cognomento Willelmus" with "filii eius Rainaldi" dated 1004 "pro anima Hinrici Ducis, qui eum loco filii adoptavit et genitricis sue Gerberge uxoris predicti Ducis, ac filii sui Widonis et Hermintrudis coniugis"[5]. "Otto comes et uxor mea Adila" donated property to Saint-Vincent de Mâcon by two charters dated to 1015 or before (during the reign of Robert I King of France) both subscribed by "Rainaldi filii sui"[6]. Guillaume of Jumièges records that “Rainaldus trans Saonæ fluvium Burgundionum comes” was imprisoned by “Cabilonensi comite...Hugone”, and that Richard II Duke of Normandy sent an army headed by “Richardo filio suo” [which presumably dates the event to [1016/26]] who besieged “Milinandum castrum” and forced Renaud’s release[7]. He succeeded his father in 1026 as RENAUD I Comte de Bourgogne, although at that time the "county of Burgundy" did not yet exist as such, Bouchard suggesting that the title was purely descriptive of the area in which Renaud exercised his power[8]. The Chronicle of Saint-Bénigne, interpolated into the Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines, records that "filius eius [=comes Otto Guilelmus] comes Rainaldus" succeeded his father in "terram ultra Sagonnam" dividing the territory with his nephew "filius alterius filii eius Guidonis, alter comes Otto"[9]. Renaud supported Emperor Konrad II in the latter's struggle with Eudes Comte de Blois for control over the kingdom of Burgundy after the death of King Rudolf III in 1032. "Raginaldus comes comitis Guillelmi filius" donated property to the abbey of Flavigny by charter dated 18 May 1037 subscribed by "Iudid comitisse uxoris eius, Guillelmi filii eius, Hugonis filii eius…"[10]. The Herimanni Augiensis Chronicon records that "Ludowicus comes" expelled "Reginoldum principem, reginæ Agnetis avunculum, sed Heinrico regi inimicum" from "castellum…Mons Piligardæ"[11]. Emperor Heinrich III defeated Comte Renaud in battle after the latter besieged Montbéliard, forcing him to swear allegiance to the Comte de Montbéliard at Soleure/Solothurn in 1045: Herimannus records that "Reginolf et Gerolt Burgundiones" submitted to Heinrich III King of Germany "apud Solodurum" [Solothurn] in 1045[12]. The necrology of Besançon Cathedral records the death “II Non Sep” of “Rainaldus comes”[13]. The necrology of Saint-Bénigne de Dijon records the death “II Non Sep” of “Rainaldus comes”[14].
     "m [firstly] (before 1 Sep 1016) ADELAIS de Normandie, daughter of RICHARD II Duke of Normandy & his first wife Judith de Rennes [Bretagne] ([1000]-[after 1030]). Guillaume of Jumièges names “Adeliz” as the first daughter of “dux Richardus” and his wife “Goiffredum Britannorum comitem...sororem...Iudith”, adding that she married “Rainaldo Burgundionum comiti” by whom she had “Willelmum et Widonem” (the marriage is recorded in a later passage)[15]. Orderic Vitalis records her marriage and calls her amita of William I King of England[16]. Rodulfus Glaber states that "filiam Richardi Rotomagensis ducis, Adeledam" married Renaud[17]. "Otto comes qui nominatur Willelmus" issued a charter dated 2 Nov 1023 subscribed by "Raynardi comitis, Adheleydis uxoris eius"[18]. "Raynaldi comitis, Adheleys uxoris eius" subscribed the charter dated 1030 by which "Robertus regis Roberti filius et regis Henrici filii eius germanus…Burgundie Dux" restored property to Cluny[19].
     "[m secondly JUDITH, daughter of --- (-[26/27] Jul, 1037 or after). "Raginaldus comes comitis Guillelmi filius" donated property to the abbey of Flavigny by charter dated 18 May 1037 subscribed by "Iudid comitisse uxoris eius, Guillelmi filii eius, Hugonis filii eius…"[20]. "Iudid comitisse" is assumed in traditional genealogies[21] to have been the same person as Comte Renaud’s wife Adelais. However, it is also possible that she was Comte Renaud's second wife, Adelais having died earlier. This may be indicated by Renaud's sons being described in the charter as "filii eius" rather than "filii eorum", although it is acknowledged that the use of these two grammatical variants is inconsistent in contemporary sources. The necrology of Besançon Cathedral records the death “VII Kal Aug” of “Iudith comitissa”[22]. The necrology of Saint-Bénigne de Dijon records the death “VI Kal Aug” of “Iuditha comitissa”[23].]"
Med Lands cites:

; Per Racines et Histoire: "1) Adélaïde (alias Judith) de Normandie ° ~1003 + après 07/07/1037
     ép. avant 01/09/1016 Renaud 1er de Mâcon comte de Bourgogne ° ~990 + 03/09/1057."¹⁶

; Per Genealogy.EU: "F2. Cte Renaud I de Bourgogne (1026-57), *ca 990, +3.9.1057, bur Besancon; m.before 1.9.1016 Adelaide=Judith of Normandy (*ca 1000 +after 7.7.1037.)¹⁷"

; Per Genealogy.EU: "[1m.] Adelaide/Judith, *ca 1003, +after 7.7.1037; m.before 1.9.1016 Renaud I de Mâcon, Cte de Bourgogne (*ca 990, +3.9.1057.)¹⁸" He was Comte de Bourgogne
See attached map of the Duché et Comté de Bourgogne (from Wikipedia: Par Rocherd — Based on Map_France_1477-fr.svg, by user:Zigeuner., CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=51726211) between 1026 and 1057.^1,19

     Adélaïde/Adelais/Alice/Judith (?) of Normandy, Countess of Burgundy was born circa 1000 at Normandy, France.^13,2,7 She married Renaud I de Mâcon Count Palatine of Burgundy, son of Otto-Guillaume I (?) Comte de Bourgogne, Cte de Mâcon et de Nevers, King of Lombardy and Ermentrude/Irmgard de Roucy Countess of Rheims, before 1 September 1016 at France
;
His 1st wife. Boyer (pp. 182-1) says m. 1023; Genealogy.EU (Ivrea Page 1) says m. bef 1 Sep 1016.^{14,13,2,6,7,15,16}
Adélaïde/Adelais/Alice/Judith (?) of Normandy, Countess of Burgundy died after 27 July 1037 at France; Med Lands says d. 7 Jul aft 1030.^13,2,6,7
      ; Per Racines et Histoire: "1) Adélaïde (alias Judith) de Normandie ° ~1003 + après 07/07/1037
     ép. avant 01/09/1016 Renaud 1er de Mâcon comte de Bourgogne ° ~990 + 03/09/1057."¹⁷

; Per Genealogy.EU: "F2. Cte Renaud I de Bourgogne (1026-57), *ca 990, +3.9.1057, bur Besancon; m.before 1.9.1016 Adelaide=Judith of Normandy (*ca 1000 +after 7.7.1037.)¹⁸"

; Per Med Lands:
     "RENAUD de Mâcon, son of OTHON GUILLAUME Comte de Mâcon & his first wife Ermentrude de Roucy ([990]-3/4 Sep 1057, bur Besançon). Rodulfus Glaber names "Rainaldus" as one of the sons of "Willemus, Henrici ducis priuignus, Adalberti Longobardorum ducis filius" and his wife[3]. His mother's name is confirmed by the charter dated 1029 under which "Reinaldus comes filius Ottonis cognomento Vuilelmi…Yrmengardis coniugis" donated property "ecclesiam sancti Nicolai vallis iuxta Poliniacum" to Cluny, confirmed by "Rodulfus rex"[4]. The Chronicle of Saint-Bénigne de Dijon records a donation by "Otto comes cognomento Willelmus" with "filii eius Rainaldi" dated 1004 "pro anima Hinrici Ducis, qui eum loco filii adoptavit et genitricis sue Gerberge uxoris predicti Ducis, ac filii sui Widonis et Hermintrudis coniugis"[5]. "Otto comes et uxor mea Adila" donated property to Saint-Vincent de Mâcon by two charters dated to 1015 or before (during the reign of Robert I King of France) both subscribed by "Rainaldi filii sui"[6]. Guillaume of Jumièges records that “Rainaldus trans Saonæ fluvium Burgundionum comes” was imprisoned by “Cabilonensi comite...Hugone”, and that Richard II Duke of Normandy sent an army headed by “Richardo filio suo” [which presumably dates the event to [1016/26]] who besieged “Milinandum castrum” and forced Renaud’s release[7]. He succeeded his father in 1026 as RENAUD I Comte de Bourgogne, although at that time the "county of Burgundy" did not yet exist as such, Bouchard suggesting that the title was purely descriptive of the area in which Renaud exercised his power[8]. The Chronicle of Saint-Bénigne, interpolated into the Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines, records that "filius eius [=comes Otto Guilelmus] comes Rainaldus" succeeded his father in "terram ultra Sagonnam" dividing the territory with his nephew "filius alterius filii eius Guidonis, alter comes Otto"[9]. Renaud supported Emperor Konrad II in the latter's struggle with Eudes Comte de Blois for control over the kingdom of Burgundy after the death of King Rudolf III in 1032. "Raginaldus comes comitis Guillelmi filius" donated property to the abbey of Flavigny by charter dated 18 May 1037 subscribed by "Iudid comitisse uxoris eius, Guillelmi filii eius, Hugonis filii eius…"[10]. The Herimanni Augiensis Chronicon records that "Ludowicus comes" expelled "Reginoldum principem, reginæ Agnetis avunculum, sed Heinrico regi inimicum" from "castellum…Mons Piligardæ"[11]. Emperor Heinrich III defeated Comte Renaud in battle after the latter besieged Montbéliard, forcing him to swear allegiance to the Comte de Montbéliard at Soleure/Solothurn in 1045: Herimannus records that "Reginolf et Gerolt Burgundiones" submitted to Heinrich III King of Germany "apud Solodurum" [Solothurn] in 1045[12]. The necrology of Besançon Cathedral records the death “II Non Sep” of “Rainaldus comes”[13]. The necrology of Saint-Bénigne de Dijon records the death “II Non Sep” of “Rainaldus comes”[14].
     "m [firstly] (before 1 Sep 1016) ADELAIS de Normandie, daughter of RICHARD II Duke of Normandy & his first wife Judith de Rennes [Bretagne] ([1000]-[after 1030]). Guillaume of Jumièges names “Adeliz” as the first daughter of “dux Richardus” and his wife “Goiffredum Britannorum comitem...sororem...Iudith”, adding that she married “Rainaldo Burgundionum comiti” by whom she had “Willelmum et Widonem” (the marriage is recorded in a later passage)[15]. Orderic Vitalis records her marriage and calls her amita of William I King of England[16]. Rodulfus Glaber states that "filiam Richardi Rotomagensis ducis, Adeledam" married Renaud[17]. "Otto comes qui nominatur Willelmus" issued a charter dated 2 Nov 1023 subscribed by "Raynardi comitis, Adheleydis uxoris eius"[18]. "Raynaldi comitis, Adheleys uxoris eius" subscribed the charter dated 1030 by which "Robertus regis Roberti filius et regis Henrici filii eius germanus…Burgundie Dux" restored property to Cluny[19].
     "[m secondly JUDITH, daughter of --- (-[26/27] Jul, 1037 or after). "Raginaldus comes comitis Guillelmi filius" donated property to the abbey of Flavigny by charter dated 18 May 1037 subscribed by "Iudid comitisse uxoris eius, Guillelmi filii eius, Hugonis filii eius…"[20]. "Iudid comitisse" is assumed in traditional genealogies[21] to have been the same person as Comte Renaud’s wife Adelais. However, it is also possible that she was Comte Renaud's second wife, Adelais having died earlier. This may be indicated by Renaud's sons being described in the charter as "filii eius" rather than "filii eorum", although it is acknowledged that the use of these two grammatical variants is inconsistent in contemporary sources. The necrology of Besançon Cathedral records the death “VII Kal Aug” of “Iudith comitissa”[22]. The necrology of Saint-Bénigne de Dijon records the death “VI Kal Aug” of “Iuditha comitissa”[23].]"
Med Lands cites:

; Per Med Lands:
     "ADELAIS [Judith] ([1000]-7 Jul [after 1030]). Guillaume of Jumièges names “Adeliz” as the first daughter of “dux Richardus” and his wife “Goiffredum Britannorum comitem...sororem...Iudith”, adding that she married “Rainaldo Burgundionum comiti” by whom she had “Willelmum et Widonem” (the marriage is recorded in a later passage)[187]. Orderic Vitalis records her marriage and calls her amita of William I King of England[188]. "Otto comes qui nominatur Willelmus" issued a charter dated 2 Nov 1023 subscribed by "Raynardi comitis, Adheleydis uxoris eius"[189]. "Raynaldi comitis, Adheleys uxoris eius" subscribed the charter dated 1030 by which "Robertus regis Roberti filius et regis Henrici filii eius germanus…Burgundie Dux" restored property to Cluny[190]. ["Raginaldus comes comitis Guillelmi filius" donated property to the abbey of Flavigny by charter dated 18 May 1037 subscribed by "Iudid comitisse uxoris eius, Guillelmi filii eius, Hugonis filii eius…"[191]. "Iudid comitisse" is assumed in traditional genealogies[192] to have been the same person as Adelais. However, it is also possible that she was Comte Renaud's second wife, Adelais having died earlier.]
     "m (before 1 Sep 1016) [as his first wife,] RENAUD de Mâcon, son of OTHON GUILLAUME Comte de Mâcon [Bourgogne-Comté] & his first wife Ermentrude de Roucy ([990]-3/4 Sep 1057, bur Besançon). He succeeded his father in 1026 as RENAUD I Comte de Bourgogne. "
Med Lands cites:

; Per Wikipedia:
     "Alice or Adeliza, Adelaide or Aelis (c. 1002 – 1038) was a countess consort of Burgundy, the daughter of Richard II, Duke of Normandy (972–1026) and Judith of Brittany.[1]
     "She married Reginald I, Count of Burgundy[2] and had the following children:
     1. William I, Count of Burgundy
2. Guy (c. 1025–1069),[3] educated at the court of Normandy, who would lead a revolt for control of the Duchy of Normandy against his cousin William of Normandy (later William the Conqueror). He had to leave his county of Brionne and Vernon in Normandy, after being at the head of the coalition of the barons of Normandy, which was defeated at the Battle of Val-ès-Dunes in 1047. Guy found refuge with his uncle Geoffrey II, Count of Anjou. He later attempted to take over the county of Burgundy from his brother William.
3. Hugh (c. 1037 – c. 1086), Viscount of Lons-le-Saunier, sire Montmorot, Navilly and Scey married to Aldeberge Scey. They had a son Montmorot Thibert, founder of the house Montmorot (or Montmoret).
4. Falcon or Fouques of Burgundy (in fate unknown).
5. Alberada of Buonalbergo (or Alberada De Macon) (c. 1033 – c. 1122) was Robert Guiscard's first wife.
Notes
1. van Houts 2000, p. 294.
2. Fegley 2002, p. 104.
3. Douglas 1964, p. 418.
References
** Douglas, David C. (1964). William the Conqueror: The Norman Impact Upon England. University of California Press.
** Fegley, Randall (2002). The Golden Spurs of Kortrijk: How the Knights of France Fell to the Foot Soldiers of Flanders in 1302. McFarland & Co. Inc.
** van Houts, Elisabeth, ed. (2000). The Normans in Europe. Manchester University Press."

Per Wikipédia (Fr.):
     "Adélaïde de Normandie (ou Adelise, ou Aélis), née vers 1002 et morte vers 1038, fut la fille du duc Richard II de Normandie (972-1026) et de Judith de Bretagne (v. 982-1017).
Famille
     "Elle épouse Renaud Ier (986-1057), comte de Bourgogne et a les enfants suivants :
** Guillaume Ier de Bourgogne dit le Grand ou Tête Hardie (1020-1087) qui lui succède à son père comme comte de Bourgogne. Il est le père du pape Calixte II.
** Gui de Brionne ou Gui de Bourgogne (v. 1025-1069), adversaire malheureux de son cousin Guillaume de Normandie (futur Guillaume le Conquérant) à la bataille du Val-ès-Dunes en 1047.
** Hugues de Bourgogne, dit de Superalios (v. 1037- v. 1086), vicomte de Lons-le-Saunier, sire de Montmorot, de Navilly et de Scey, marié à Aldeberge de Scey. Ils eurent pour fils Thibert Ier de Montmorot, fondateur de la maison de Montmorot (alias de Montmoret).
** Falcon ou Fouques de Bourgogne (au destin inconnu).
** Aubrée de Buonalbergo."^19,3 GAV-26 EDV-26 GKJ-27.

Reference: Genealogics cites: Stammtafeln zur Geschichte der Europäischen Staaten, 4 volumes, Marburg, 1953, 1975., W. K. Prinz von Isenburg, Reference: II 27.⁶

; Per Genealogy.EU: "[1m.] Adelaide/Judith, *ca 1003, +after 7.7.1037; m.before 1.9.1016 Renaud I de Mâcon, Cte de Bourgogne (*ca 990, +3.9.1057.)²⁰"

     Ramon Berenguer II-III 'Cabeza de Estopa/Cap d'Estopes' (?) Count of Barcelona was born before 25 March 1054 at Barcelona, Provinicia de Barcelona, Cateluna, Spain (now); Genealogics says b. 1055.^7,5,11 He married Mathilda/Maud/Mafalda/Maaltis de Hauteville, daughter of Robert I "Guiscard/Weasel" de Hauteville Count then Duke of Apulia, Calabria, and Sicily, Pr of Salerno and Sichelgaita/Sigelgaita (?) Princess of Salerno, before 13 July 1078
;
Her 1st husband. Med Lands says m. 1078; Genealogics says m. before 13 Jul 1078.^{12,7,5,11,13,14}
Ramon Berenguer II-III 'Cabeza de Estopa/Cap d'Estopes' (?) Count of Barcelona died on 5 December 1082 at Perxa del Astor; murdered (allegedly by brother.)^15,3,7,11
     GAV-25 EDV-25.

; Per Wikipedia:
     "Ramon Berenguer II the Towhead[1] or Cap de estopes[2] (1053 or 1054 – December 5, 1082) was Count of Barcelona from 1076 until his death. He was the son of Ramon Berenguer I, Count of Barcelona and Almodis de La Marche.[3] The Chronicle of San Juan de la Pena called him, ". . . exceeding brave and bold, kind, pleasant, pious, joyful, generous, and of an attractive appearance".[4] Because of the extremely thick hair he had on top of his head, he was known as Cap d'Estop."
     "He succeeded his father, Ramon Berenguer I, Count of Barcelona, as co-ruler with his twin brother, Berenguer Ramon, in 1075.[5] The twins failed to agree and divided their possessions between them, against the will of their late father. Ramon Berenguer the Towhead, so called because of the thickness and colour of his hair, was killed while hunting in the woods in 1082.[6] His brother, who went on to become the sole ruler of Catalonia, was credited by popular opinion of having orchestrated this murder.[6] Berenguer Ramon II the Fratricide[6] was later succeeded by Ramon Berenguer's son, Ramon Berenguer III.
Family and issue
     "Ramon Berenguer married Mahalta (or Maud) of Apulia, born ca. 1059, died 1111/1112, daughter of Duke Robert Guiscard and of Sikelgaita de Salerno.[7] Following his murder, she remarried to Aimery I of Narbonne, and was the mother of his son Aimery II.
     "Ramon Berenguer and Mahalta's son, Ramon Berenguer III (before 1082–1131), was count of Barcelona and Provence.
References
1. Benito 2017, p. 95.
2. Bensch 1995, p. 61.
3. Graham-Leigh 2005, p. table 4.
4. Peña 1991, p. 48.
5. Peña 1991, p. 119.
6. Bamford 2018, p. 41.
7. Heygate 2013, p. 178.
Sources
** Bamford, Heather (2018). Cultures of the Fragment: Uses of the Iberian Manuscript, 1100-1600. University of Toronto Press.
** Benito, Pere (2017). "An Intense but Stymied Occitan Campaign". In Sabaté, Flocel (ed.) The Crown of Aragon: A Singular Mediterranean Empire. Brill. pp. 92–124.
** Bensch, Stephen P. (1995). Barcelona and Its Rulers, 1096-1291. Cambridge University Press.
** Graham-Leigh, Elaine (2005). The Southern French Nobility and the Albigensian Crusade. The Boydell Press.
** Heygate, Catherine (2013). "Marriage Strategies among the Normans of Southern Italy in the Eleventh Century". In Stringer, Keith J; Jotischky, Andrew (eds.) Norman Expansion: Connections, Continuities and Contrasts. Routledge. pp. 165–186.
** Peña (1991). The Chronicle of San Juan de la Peña: A Fourteenth-century Official History of the Crown of Aragon. Translated by Nelson, Lynn H. University of Pennsylvania Press."¹⁶

; Per Genealogics:
     "Raimund was born about 1055, the son of Ramon Berenguer I 'el Viejo', conde de Barcelona, and his third wife Almodis de La Marche. His epithet 'Cabeza de Estope' ('Towhead') was given him because of the thickness and colour of his hair. In 1076 he succeeded his father, to co-rule with his twin brother Berenguer Ramon.
     "Raimund's first wife was Aimeris of Narbonne, with whom he had no progeny. Before 13 July 1078 he married Maud/Mafalda/Maaltis de Hauteville, daughter of Robert Guiscard, duke of Apulia, and his second wife Sigelgaita de Salerno. Raimund and Maud had two children, Ramon Berenguer III and Almodis, both of whom would have progeny.
     "The twin brothers failed to agree and divided their possessions between them, against the will of their late father. Ramon Berenguer was killed while hunting in the woods of Perxa del Astor on 5 December 1082. His brother, who went on to become effectively the sole ruler of Catalonia (though nominally co-ruler with Ramon Berenguer's son Ramon Berenguer III), was viewed by popular opinion as having orchestrated his murder. Given the epithet 'the Fratricide', he was forced into exile in 1097 and died in Jerusalem, where he went either on pilgrimage or as part of the First Crusade, between 1097 and 1099. He was succeeded by Ramon Berenguer III."¹¹

; Per Med Lands:
     "RAMON BERENGUER [II] "Cabeza de Estopa/Cap d'Estopes" ([1054]-murdered Perxa de Astor, near Girona 6 Dec 1082, bur Girona). The Gesta Comitum Barcinonensium names (in order) "Petrum…Raimundi et Berengarium Raimundi et Raimundum Berengarii" as the sons of "Raimundus Berengarii"[351]. The Inquisitio circa comitatum Carcassonæ names "Raimundo-Berengarii…Cap-de-Stopes" as older of the two sons of "Raimundus-Berengarii Vetus", specifying that he was killed "in festo S Nicolai" after the birth of his own son[352]. "Raimundum Berengarium comitem Barchinonensium et Adalmus cometissa et filios nostros Raimundum et Berengarium et Arnaldum Petri" donated property to the monastery Barberà by charter dated 25 Mar 1054 (although the document must be misdated considering the date of the donor´s third marriage)[353]. The tight chronology of Ramon Berenguer´s third marriage and the naming of his sons in charters suggests that the two older sons may have been twins. However, no primary source has yet been identified which confirms that this is correct. A simpler explanation of the timing difficulties is that the 1053 and 1054 charters were misdated. "Raimundus comes et uxor mea Almodis" donated "ecclesias sancte Marie vel sancti Honorati" [in Barcelona?] to Lérins by charter dated 2 Jan 1068, signed by "Petri filii eius, Raimundi filii eius, Berengarii filii eius, Agnelus filius eius…"[354]. The publication of the testament of "comitis Barchinone…Raimundi Berengarii" dated 12 Nov 1076 names "duobus filiis suis…Raimundo Berengarii et Berengario Raimundi…"[355]. He succeeded his father in 1076 as Comte de Barcelona, Girona, i Osona, jointly with his brother Berenguer Ramon II. The contacts with Norman Sicily established by Ramon Berenguer´s marriage marked the start of the commercial expansion of Barcelona and the growth of Catalan influence throughout the Mediterranean. "Sancius…rex Aragonensium" granted privileges to the monastery of San Pedro de Siresa by charter dated 4 Sep 1082, the dating clause of which refers to "…Raimundo Beringerii et Beringerii Raimundi fratribus comitibus in Barcelona"[356]. His brother comte Berenguer Ramon II quarrelled with him, calling for a division of their territories, and murdered Ramon Berenguer. The Annales Barcinonenses record that "Raimundus comes Barchinonensis" was killed in 1082[357]. The Crónica de San Juan de la Peña records the death in 1082 of "Remon Berenguer Cap" aged 25 and his burial "en la Seu de Girona"[358]. A document prepared during the reign of Alfonso II King of Aragon, relating to rights in the county of Carcassonne, records that Ramon Berenguer was killed "in festo Sancti Nicolai" after the birth of his son[359]. The necrology of Ripoll records that "Raymundus Berengarius Barchinonensis comes et marchio" was killed 5 Dec "in colle de Astor per fratrem suum"[360].
     "m (1078) as her first husband, MATHILDE di Apulia, daughter of ROBERT "Guiscard" Duke of Apulia and Calabria & his second wife Sichelgaita di Salerno ([1059]-after 6 Jun 1112, bur Girona). The Gesta Comitum Barcinonensium record that "Raimundus-Berengarii filius [Raimundi-Berengarii]" married "filiam…Rotberti Guiscardi Ducis Apuliæ et Messinæ"[361]. Mathilde was the oldest daughter of Robert "Guiscard" according to William of Apulia[362]. The Alexeiad records that Robert "Guiscard" betrothed "one daughter to Raymond, son of the Count Barcinon" but does not name her[363]. Her parentage is confirmed by the Vita Sancti Ollegarii which names her son “Raymundum comitem Barchinonensem filium filiæ Roberti Guisardi principis Apuliæ”[364]. She was known as MAHALTA in Catalonia. Ramon and his wife "Maheltis" donated property to a vassal by undated charter[365]. She was strongly supported by Guillem Ramon Seneschal of Catalonia and his brothers after her first husband's murder. She married secondly ([1085/87]) Amaury [I] Vicomte de Narbonne, her second marriage being deduced from the testament of her son by her first marriage "Raimundus Berengarii…Barchinonensis comes et marchio", dated [8 Jul] 1130, which appoints "Aimericum fratrem meum" as one of the testator's manumissores[366]. "Aimericus…vicecomes Narbone…et uxor mea Mealtis…et filiorum eius" donated property to the abbey of Saint-Martial on leaving for the Holy Land, by charter dated [1100/01][367]. Pontich records the burial of "la Comptesa muller del compte D. Ramon Berenguer" in "la Sta Iglesia de Gerona…casi devant la de son marit"[368]. Ramon Berenguer and his mother Mahalta issued a charter dated 6 Jun 1112[369]."
Med Lands cites:

Reference: Genealogics cites: Ramon Berenguer II-III 'Cabeza de Estopa/Cap d'Estopes' (?) Count of Barcelona was also known as Raimund II Berenguer Count of Barcelona.

; Per Ravilious [2007]: "Matilda of Apulia[11]
     Birth:     ca 1060[12]
     Death:     ca 19 Sep 1108, Gerona (d. a nun)[12],[11]
     Spouse:     Ramon-Berengar II, count of Catalonia/Barcelona
     Birth:     bef 25 Mar 1054[12],[11]
     Death:     5 Dec 1082, Perxa del Astor [12],[11],[13]
     Father:     Ramon-Berengar I of Catalonia (1023-1076)
     Mother:     Adelmode de la Marche (-1071)
     Marr:     bef 13 Jul 1078[12],[11]
     Children:     Ramon-Berengar III, count of Barcelona
(also Raymond, count of Provence) (1082-1131)
               Almodis
Ravilious cites:
1. Patricia Skinner, "Family Power in Southern Italy: the duchy of Gaeta and its neighbours, 850-1139," Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1995, Cambridge Studies in Medieval Life and Thought, Fourth Series.
2. Richard Borthwick, "Sigelgaita, Princess of Salerno," 5 June 1998, GEN-MEDIEVAL-L@rootsweb.com, cites G Talamo Atenolfi, "La regione di Velia e gli Epigoni della Dinastia longobarda salernitana" *Archivi* XXVIII, 1961, 7-34, and also ES (following A Sanfelice di Monteforte (1962)).
3. Richard Borthwick, "Mother of SIKELGAITA OF SALERNO," 15 August 1998, GEN-MEDIEVAL-L@rootsweb.com, cites G Talamo Atenolfi, and also ES (following A Sanfelice di Monteforte (1962)).
4. Michaele Morcaldi, Mauro Schiani and Sylvano de Stephano, eds., "Codex Diplomaticus Cavensis," Naples: Pietro Piazzi [Vol I]; Milan: Ulrich Hoepli, Milan, Vol I - 1873, Vol II - 1875, Vol III - 1876, Vol IV - 1877.
5. Dr. Patricia Skinner, "Extracts from the Chronicon Salernitanum," courtesy Dr. Patricia Skinner, University of Southampton, URL http://www.soton.ac.uk/~pes1/docssal.html
6. John Julius Norwich, "The Normans in Sicily," London: Penguin Books`, 1992.
7. "Genealogics," website by Leo van de Pas, www.genealogics.com, cites Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag Marburg., Detlev Schwennicke, Editor, [ES], and other sources.
8. Dr. Patricia Skinner, "Documents from Salerno and region, 11th century," published documents from Codex Diplomaticus Cavensis, courtesy Dr. Patricia Skinner, University of Southampton, URL http://www.soton.ac.uk/~pes1/docscodc.html
9. Patricia Skinner, "' Halt! Be Men! ' Sikelgaita of Salerno, Gender and the Norman Conquest of Southern Italy," Gender & History, Vol. 12, Number 3, November 2000, pp. 622-641.
10. Todd A. Farmerie, "Plantagenet Descent from Roger of Sicily," Dec 15, 1998, GEN-MEDIEVAL-L@rootsweb.com.
11. Paul Theroff, "House of Barcelona," Paul Theroff's Dynastic Genealogy Files, worldroots.clicktron.com/brigitte/theroff/barclona.txt.
12. Peter Stewart, "Children of Robert Guiscard and Sikelgaita," 26 August 2005, GEN-MEDIEVAL-L@rootsweb.com.
13. T. N. Bisson, "The Medieval Crown of Aragon," Oxford University Press (Clarendon), 1986 (1991 Paperback)."⁷
; Per Genealogy.EU: "B7. [2m.] Mathilde; 1m: 1078 Raymond Berenguar II of Barcelona; 2m: 1083 Aymeric I de Narbonne."¹⁷ He was Count of Barcelona between 1076 and 1082.^2,16

     Mathilda/Maud/Mafalda/Maaltis de Hauteville was born between 1059 and 1060.^9,3,5 She married Ramon Berenguer II-III 'Cabeza de Estopa/Cap d'Estopes' (?) Count of Barcelona, son of Ramon Berenguer I "el Viejo" (?) conde de Barcelona and Almodis de La Marche, before 13 July 1078
;
Her 1st husband. Med Lands says m. 1078; Genealogics says m. before 13 Jul 1078.^{2,9,10,11,3,5} Mathilda/Maud/Mafalda/Maaltis de Hauteville married Aimeri I (?) Vicomte de Narbonne, son of Bernard Berenguer (?) Vicomte de Narbonne and Foi/Fides de Rouerge Vctss de Narbonne, circa 1085
;
Her 2nd husband.^{12,13,14,9,3,5,15}
Mathilda/Maud/Mafalda/Maaltis de Hauteville was buried circa 19 September 1112 at Girona, Aragon, Spain (now).⁵
Mathilda/Maud/Mafalda/Maaltis de Hauteville died circa 19 September 1112; per Stasser "Elle mourut un 19 septembre, au plus tôt en 1112 (AURELL, 1991, p 330-331 ; 1995, p 183).)" Genealogics says d. 19 Sep 1108; Med Lands says d. aft 6 June 1112.^14,9,3,5
     Reference: Genealogics cites:

; Per Stasser email [2003]; "Mathilde, 2nd daughter of Robert Guiscard of hauteville, duke of Apulia and Calabria, prince of Salerno and duke of Amalfi, by his 2nd wife Sichelgaita, dau of Prince Gaimar IV of Salerno by his 2nd wife Gemma, dau of a count Laidulf, presumably of Teano" [See Note Per Med Lands].¹

; Per Wikipedia:
     "Maud of Apulia (ca. 1060 - ca. 1112) was a member of the Norman D’Hauteville family and a daughter of Robert Guiscard and his second wife Sikelgaita, a Lombard princess, the daughter of Guaimar IV, Prince of Salerno. She was also known as Mahalda, Mahault, Mafalda and Matilda. She was the wife of Ramón Berenguer II, and thus Countess of Barcelona (1078-1082). After her husband’s death, she remarried Aimery I, the Viscount of Narbonne (1086-1108).
Lineage
     "Maud was the first daughter of Robert Guiscard, Duke of Apulia and Calabria, (ca.1020 - 1085) with his second wife Sikelgaita. Her brother was Roger Borsa, the effective ruler of southern Italy from 1085 until his death. Her first cousins were Simon of Sicily and Roger II (sons of Roger) who led the effort to consolidate southern Italy and Sicily under Norman (D’Hauteville) rule, which was accomplished in 1130. She was also a half sister of Bohemund of Taranto, who was one of the leaders of the First Crusade and became Prince of Antioch.
Countess of Barcelona
     "The wedding of Ramon Berenguer II with Maud took place at the beginning of 1078. The marriage could have been the result of the policy of Pope Gregory VII, who sought support among the Norman nobility of southern Italy against Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor. In that same year, Counts Guillermo IV de Tolosa and Ramón de Roerga, stepbrothers of Ramón Berenguer, had also married with daughters of Norman noblemen[1].
     "On December 5, 1082, Ramón Berenguer II was assassinated by a group of men believed to have conspired with his twin brother, Berenguer Ramón II, with whom he shared the rule of the county of Barcelona. A few days before, Maud had given birth to a son, the future Ramón Berenguer III. The death of her husband left Maud and her son in a precarious situation, since the infant could not inherit the county until after the death of his uncle. However, he did succeed to that role in 1097, when his Uncle was exiled.[2]
Viscountess of Narborne
     "Around 1086, Maud married Aimery I, Viscount of Narbonne, with whom she had four children: the future Aimery II of Narbonne, Guiscardo, Bernardo and Bérenger.[3]
     "She was widowed again in 1105, after which she returned to Barcelona, her first son, Ramón Berenguer III, being already installed as the Count of Barcelona.
     "She died in the Monastery of Sant Daniel, Girona and was buried in the Girona Cathedral next to her first husband.[4]
References
1. Sobrequés, Santiago, Els Grans Comtes de Barcelona, 1961, p. 104-5.
2. Sobrequés, pp. 110-12.
3. Graham-Leigh, Elaine, The Southern French Nobility and the Albigensian Crusade. The Boydell Press, 2005.
4. Sobrequés, note 55, p. 132.
Sources
** Sobrequés, Santiago, Els Grans Comtes de Barcelona, Barcelona, 1961.
** Norwich, John Julius, The Normans in the South 1016-1130. Longman: London, 1967.
** Norwich, John Julius, The Kingdom in the Sun 1130-1194. Longman: London, 1970.
** Matthew, Donald. The Norman Kingdom of Sicily. Cambridge University Press: London, 1992.
See Also
** Mafalda_de_Apulia (in Spanish): https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mafalda_de_Apulia
** Tancred of Hauteville: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tancred_of_Hauteville
** County of Apulia and Calabria: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/County_of_Apulia_and_Calabria
** Norman conquest of southern Italy: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norman_conquest_of_southern_Italy
** First Crusade: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Crusade
External Links
** Sicily/Naples: Counts & Kings: http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/SICILY.htm"

[See Note Per Med Lands].¹⁶

; Per Med Lands:
     "MATHILDE of Apulia ([1059]-after 6 Jun 1112, bur Girona). The Gestis Comitum Barcinonensium record that "Raimundus-Berengarii filius [Raimundi-Berengarii]" married "filiam…Rotberti Guiscardi Ducis Apuliæ et Messinæ"[324]. Mathilde was the oldest daughter of Robert "Guiscard" according to William of Apulia[325]. The Alexeiad records that Robert "Guiscard" betrothed "one daughter to Raymond, son of the Count Barcinon" but does not name her[326]. Her parentage is confirmed by the Vita Sancti Ollegarii which names her son “Raymundum comitem Barchinonensem filium filiæ Roberti Guisardi principis Apuliæ”[327]. She was known as MAHALTA in Catalonia. She was strongly supported by Guillem Ramón Seneschal of Catalonia and his brothers after the murder of her first husband. Her second marriage is deduced from the testament of her son by her first marriage "Raimundus Berengarii…Barchinonensis comes et marchio", dated [8 Jul] 1130, which appoints "Aimericum fratrem meum" as one of the testator's manumissores[328]. "Aimericus…vicecomes Narbone…et uxor mea Mealtis…et filiorum eius" donated property to the abbey of Saint-Martial on leaving for the Holy Land, by charter dated [1100/01][329]. A charter dated 7 Feb 1102 names "domini Haymerici vicecomitis Narbonensis et uxoris eius…Matta filiorumque eorum…Aymericus, Giscardus et Bernardus"[330]. "Aymericus…vicecomes Narbonensis…cum uxore mea…Mahalda et filiis nostris…Aymericus, Guiscardus et Bernardus Raymundi" donated property to Saint-Pons de Thomières for "Berengarii filii nostri" on his becoming a monk at the monastery by charter dated 29 Apr 1103[331]. Ramon Berenguer and his mother Mahalta issued a charter dated 6 Jun 1112[332].
     "m firstly (1078) RAMÓN BERENGUER II "Cabeza le Estopa/Cap d'Estopes" Conde de Barcelona, "Cabeza le Estopa/Cap d'Estopes" son of RAMÓN BERENGUER I "el Viejo" Conde de Barcelona & his third wife Almodis de La Marche ([1055]-murdered Perxa de Astor, near Girona 6 Dec 1082).
     "m secondly (1085[333]) AIMERY [I] Vicomte de Narbonne, son of BERNARD Vicomte de Narbonne & his wife Fides [Foi] de Rouergue (-[1105/06])."
Med Lands cites:

; Per Wikipédia (Fr.):
     "Mahaut de Pouille, dite aussi d'Apulie ou de Hauteville, morte vers 1111-1112, fille de Robert Guiscard, duc de Pouille, et Sykelgaite de Salerne, devint par mariage comtesse de Barcelone, puis vicomtesse de Narbonne.
Biographie
     "Mahaut est la fille aînée de Robert Guiscard, le fils d'un petit noble de Normandie ayant participé à l'aventure normande en Italie et devenu comte d'Apulie (ou Pouille) (1057), puis duc d'Apulie, de Calabre, et de Sicile (1059), et de sa seconde épouse, la princesse lombarde Sykelgaite de Salerne. Mahaut de Pouille naît probablement en 1059 ou 1060 à Melfi, capitale de l'Apulie, ou à Salerne, capitale d'une principauté lombarde.
     "En 1077 elle est envoyée à Barcelone pour épouser le comte Raimond Bérenger II de Barcelone, de qui elle aura un fils, Raimond Bérenger III.
     "Après le meurtre de son époux en 1082, elle se remarie entre 1085 et 1087 avec le vicomte Aymeri Ier de Narbonne. Ensemble, ils auront quatre fils :
     "Après la mort de son second époux en Terre Sainte en 1105, elle assiste quelques années son fils Aymeri II dans le gouvernement de Narbonne, avant de se retirer en Catalogne, où on la retrouve souscrivant des actes de son fils aîné Raimond Bérenger III, comte de Barcelone, en 1111, puis le 11 juin 11121.
     "Mahaut de Pouille meurt vers l'an 1112.
Bibliographie
** Szabolcs de Vajay, « Mahaut de Pouille, comtesse de Barcelone et vicomtesse de Narbonne, dans le contexte social de son temps », dans Béziers et le Biterrois : Actes du XLIIIe Congrès de la Fédération historique du Languedoc méditerranéen et du Roussillon, Montpellier, 1971, p. 129-150. [lire en ligne [archive]]
** Martin Aurell, « Jalons pour une enquête sur les stratégies matrimoniales des comtes catalans (IXe-XIe s.) », Symposium internacional sobre els origens de Catalunya (Segles VIII-XI), vol. 1,? 1991, p. 281-364 (lire en ligne [archive]). [autre version en ligne [archive]]
** Martin Aurell, Les noces du comte: mariage et pouvoir en Catalogne (785-1213), Paris, Publications de la Sorbonne, 1995 (ISBN 9782859442514)
** Martin Aurell, « Du nouveau sur les comtesses catalanes (IXe-XIIe siècles) », Annales du Midi, vol. 109, nos 219-220,? 1997, p. 357-380 (lire en ligne [archive]) [autre version en ligne [archive]]
** Gauthier Langlois, « Nouvelles perspectives sur les relations entre Barcelone et Carcassonne à la fin du XIe siècle d’après un compte catalan », Annales du Midi, vol. 130, no 304,? 2018, p. 519-533 (résumé [archive])
Notes
1. Aurell 1995, p. 183 et note 3"

[See Note Per Med Lands].¹⁷ GAV-25 EDV-25. Mathilda/Maud/Mafalda/Maaltis de Hauteville was also known as Maud Hauteville.

; Per Ravilious [2007]: "Matilda of Apulia[11]
     Birth:     ca 1060[12]
     Death:     ca 19 Sep 1108, Gerona (d. a nun)[12],[11]
     Spouse:     Ramon-Berengar II, count of Catalonia/Barcelona
     Birth:     bef 25 Mar 1054[12],[11]
     Death:     5 Dec 1082, Perxa del Astor [12],[11],[13]
     Father:     Ramon-Berengar I of Catalonia (1023-1076)
     Mother:     Adelmode de la Marche (-1071)
     Marr:     bef 13 Jul 1078[12],[11]
     Children:     Ramon-Berengar III, count of Barcelona
(also Raymond, count of Provence) (1082-1131)
               Almodis
Ravilious cites:
1. Patricia Skinner, "Family Power in Southern Italy: the duchy of Gaeta and its neighbours, 850-1139," Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1995, Cambridge Studies in Medieval Life and Thought, Fourth Series.
2. Richard Borthwick, "Sigelgaita, Princess of Salerno," 5 June 1998, GEN-MEDIEVAL-L@rootsweb.com, cites G Talamo Atenolfi, "La regione di Velia e gli Epigoni della Dinastia longobarda salernitana" *Archivi* XXVIII, 1961, 7-34, and also ES (following A Sanfelice di Monteforte (1962)).
3. Richard Borthwick, "Mother of SIKELGAITA OF SALERNO," 15 August 1998, GEN-MEDIEVAL-L@rootsweb.com, cites G Talamo Atenolfi, and also ES (following A Sanfelice di Monteforte (1962)).
4. Michaele Morcaldi, Mauro Schiani and Sylvano de Stephano, eds., "Codex Diplomaticus Cavensis," Naples: Pietro Piazzi [Vol I]; Milan: Ulrich Hoepli, Milan, Vol I - 1873, Vol II - 1875, Vol III - 1876, Vol IV - 1877.
5. Dr. Patricia Skinner, "Extracts from the Chronicon Salernitanum," courtesy Dr. Patricia Skinner, University of Southampton, URL http://www.soton.ac.uk/~pes1/docssal.html
6. John Julius Norwich, "The Normans in Sicily," London: Penguin Books`, 1992.
7. "Genealogics," website by Leo van de Pas, www.genealogics.com, cites Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag Marburg., Detlev Schwennicke, Editor, [ES], and other sources.
8. Dr. Patricia Skinner, "Documents from Salerno and region, 11th century," published documents from Codex Diplomaticus Cavensis, courtesy Dr. Patricia Skinner, University of Southampton, URL http://www.soton.ac.uk/~pes1/docscodc.html
9. Patricia Skinner, "' Halt! Be Men! ' Sikelgaita of Salerno, Gender and the Norman Conquest of Southern Italy," Gender & History, Vol. 12, Number 3, November 2000, pp. 622-641.
10. Todd A. Farmerie, "Plantagenet Descent from Roger of Sicily," Dec 15, 1998, GEN-MEDIEVAL-L@rootsweb.com.
11. Paul Theroff, "House of Barcelona," Paul Theroff's Dynastic Genealogy Files, worldroots.clicktron.com/brigitte/theroff/barclona.txt.
12. Peter Stewart, "Children of Robert Guiscard and Sikelgaita," 26 August 2005, GEN-MEDIEVAL-L@rootsweb.com.
13. T. N. Bisson, "The Medieval Crown of Aragon," Oxford University Press (Clarendon), 1986 (1991 Paperback)."⁹

; Per Genealogy.EU: "B7. [2m.] Mathilde; 1m: 1078 Raymond Berenguar II of Barcelona; 2m: 1083 Aymeric I de Narbonne."¹⁸