Person Page - 165

     Margaret BrassieurBrashier married Thomas Jordan Jr., son of Thomas Jordan.
Margaret BrassieurBrashier was born in July 1642 at Isle of Wight Co., Virginia, USA.
Margaret BrassieurBrashier died on 7 October 1708 at age 66.

     Richard Jordan was born in 1638 at Chuckatuck, Nansemond Co., Virginia, USA.¹ He married Elizabeth Reynolds in 1654.¹

      .¹

     Elizabeth Reynolds married Richard Jordan in 1654.¹

      .¹

     Emma D. Burton was born circa 1847 at Tennessee, USA; Age 77 at death.¹ She married James M. Hudson, son of Washington Banks Hudson and Louisa Marksberry, on 7 December 1865 at Davidson Co., Tennessee, USA.¹

Emma D. Burton died on 27 May 1924 at Nashville, Davidson Co., Tennessee, USA.¹
Emma D. Burton was buried on 28 May 1924 at Spring Hill Cemetery, Nashville, Davidson Co., Tennessee, USA; from Find A Grave:
     Birth:      unknown, Tennessee, USA
     Death:      May 27, 1924, Nashville, Davidson County, Tennessee, USA
     Tennessee Marriages, 1796-1950: James M Hudson married Emma D Burton December 7 1865 in Davidson CO TN
     Tennessee Death Index, 1874-1955
      Name: Emma B Hudson [Emma B Burton]
      Birth Date: abt 1847
      Birth Place: Tennessee
      Age: 77
      Death Date: 27 May 1924
      Death Place: Nashville, Davidson, Tennessee
      Burial Date: 28 May 1924
      Cemetery Name: Springhill
      Gender: Female
      Race: White
      Marital Status: Widowed
      Father's name: Robt Burton
      Father's Birth Place: Tennessee
      Mother's name: Donoldson
      Mother's Birth Place: Tennessee
     1910 Davidson CO TN, James W(M) Hudson, age 68, Emma B, age 63. James born in KY, Emma in TN. In Census 1880-1900-1910. None show any children.
     Family links: Spouse: James M. Hudson (1842 - 1918)
     Burial: Spring Hill Cemetery, Nashville, Davidson County, Tennessee, USA
     Created by: MN
     Record added: Feb 12, 2016
     Find A Grave Memorial# 158087426.¹
     Emma D. Burton and James M. Hudson appeared in the census of 7 June 1880 at District 20, Davidson Co., Tennessee, USA; p. 310-B, Lines 1-2, dwelling 44, family 52
     1 HUDSON, Jas. M. W M 38 [1842] Married Farmer KY KY KY
     2 " , Emma C. W F 31 [1849] Wife Married Keeping House TN NC TN
     3 THOMPSON, Logan Black M 22 [1858] Servant Single Servant TN TN TN
     4 JOINER, Betty Black F 25 [1855] Servant Single Servant TN TN TN
     5 " , Nick Black M 1 Mar 1879 Single TN TN TN.²

Emma D. Burton and James M. Hudson appeared in the census of 7 July 1880 at District 20, Goodlettsville, Davidson Co., Tennessee, USA; p. 106-B, lines 30-31, dwelling 168, family 178
     30 HUDSON, James 28 [1842] M W Farmer $3620 $700 KY
     31 " , Emma 21 [1849] F W Keeping House TN.³

Emma D. Burton and James M. Hudson appeared in the census of 18 June 1900 at Ward 18, District 110, 811 Boscoball St., Nashville, Davidson Co., Tennessee, USA; [James and Emma appear to be living in the house of Robert N. NEIL and his family, a wholesale grocery
p. 20-B, lines 99-100, dwelling 373, family 459
     99 HUDSON, James M. Head W M Apr 1842 58 Married Married 35yrs KY KY KY Retired Merchant
     100 " , Emma Wife W F July 1848 51 Married 35yrs TN NC TN.⁴

Emma D. Burton and James M. Hudson appeared in the census of 26 April 1910 at Civil District 10, Davidson Co., Tennessee, USA; p. 10-B, lines 99-100, dwelling 203, family 203
     99 HUDSON, James W. Head M W 68 [1842] Married 1x 45yrs TN KY KY Farner Own Farm
     100 " , Emma B. Wife F W 63 [1847] Married 1x 45yrs TN KY TN.⁵

     Thomas Lee was baptized on 29 May 1622 at St. Martin Church, Worcester, City of Worcester, Worcestershire, England.^1,2
     ; NB: I have recently "discovered" the research dating from the 1988 article by William Thorndale, regarding the "truth" of the ancestry of the colonial immigrant, Col. Richard LEE, and disproving any evident link to the LEE family of CotonHall, Shropshire. Thorndale's work was extended by Townsend in 2002. One of my original sources for this line, the 7th ed. of Weis (1992), included the link from the Coton Hall LEEs to Co. Richard LEE, but the 8th ed. (2004) deletes the link citing Thomason (2002).
     The note in Weis (2004) reads: "Gen. 36 through 38, in previous editions, has been proven to be in error. See Neil Thompason, "Lees of Northumberland and Worcester," NGSQ 90 (2002)l213-217)."
Images of the full Thorndale and Thompson articles are attached. GA Vaut.^1,3,4,5,6
In Jane Hancock's will dated 31 May 1634, Thomas Lee was named as an heir.⁷ He was living in May 1635; Mentioned in his mother's will.²
In Walter Heminge (Sr.)'s will dated between 6 February 1636 and 1637, Thomas Lee was named as an heir; Per Thompson:
Clothier of Worcester, names his wife Susanna as his executor and his father Richard Heminge as an overseer. He also cites his mother Alice as still alive. Bequests are to Richard and Thomas Lee, sons of his "brother-in-lawe" [halfbrother] John Lee, de­ ceased; his "brother-in-lawe"[halfbrother] Richard Lee; and Henry Turner, "father-in­ lawe" of Richard Lee. [18]
[18] Worcester Consistory Court, Original Wills, 1637, no. 71; FHL 0,098,054. An undated inventory attached to the will was filed 9 June 1637; this would very likely be the probate date.“. He was listed as a beneficiary in Jane Hancock's will on 26 March 1639 at Worcester Consistory Court, Worcester, City of Worcester, Worcestershire, England; From Thorndale (emphasis added):
     "(Probated 26 March 1639. Worcester Consistory Court 1639, No. 147, transcribed from the British film collection, Film 098,058, Family History Library, Salt Lake City, Utah.)
     "31 May 1635. In the name of God Amen. I Jane Manning of the parish of St Martin in Worcester being in perfect memory make and ordaine this my last will and testament in manner and forme following. First I commend my soule into the hands of Almighty god my maker and redeemer, and my body to be buried in the parish church of St Martin aforesaid. Item I give and bequeath to John my eldest sonne [various house furnishings, cloth for a mourning suit] and my gold ring which I weare on my finger for a token in remembrance of me his mother, and for the better preserving of these things I likewise give and bequeath unto him my great wainscoat chest to receive and keepe them in the house and custody of Thomas Hancocks my brother untill he be full 24 years of age and then and not before then deliver them fully and wholly to my sayd sonne John Lyes aforesayd. Item I give and bequeath to my sonne Thomas the remnant of the same cloatb before mentioned towards the making of a suit of apparell for him, and a fine old peece of gold for a token in remembrance of me his mother. And the rest of goods, chattells, householdstuffe and implements whatsoever I will and require to be sold and the mony received for them to be divided by such portions as that Thomas may have two parts and my sonne Richard the third part. As concerning the rents of my now dwelling house, the tenement and Garden adjoyning and the debts due to me as upon bill appeareth, my owne debts and funeral! thinges being payd, and the yearly rent of foure pounds to my Landlord duly discharged, I will and ordaine that whatsoever remaineth of the same be equally devided betweene my sayd two last sonnes Richard and Thomas. To this purpose I desire that my now dwelling house with the tenement adjoyning may be let out for the best to their benefitt, but the garden I will that Thomas Prichard still hold and continue during the lease for the usual! rent of 4s yearely. Those portions thus bequeathed I will and desire to remaine in the custody of my brother Thomas Hancocks untill they be each of them 24 yeares of age excepting only that thecloath before mentioned be presently after my decease so divided as is specified to John and Thomas. Provided always that if John my eldest sonne be deceased before he come to the said age of 24 years that then the sayd portion and legacy now bequeathed to him shall come to Thomas my youngest sonne if he be then living but at the age of 24 yeares to bedelivered to him together with his owne portion. So likewise if Thomas be deceased before he be of the sayd age that then the portion go now bequeathed to him goe in like manner to John if he be then living. If both be deceased before either of them come to the sayd age, that then their portions shall goe entirely to my sonne Richard but at the age of 24 yeares as is before mentioned. If Richard be deceased before he come to the full age required, that then his portion shalbe equally divided between his surviving brothers at their full age, or goe wholly to one if but one be living. And for the better performance hereof I commit the letting of my house, the selling of my goods and the preserving of the severall portions to the trust of my brother Thomas Hancocks whom I make sole executor of this my last will and testament, desiring likewise my brothers Walter Heming, Richard Lyes and Thomas Savage to be his assistants for the good of my children . Dated the day and yeare above written. Jane Maning
     "Witnesses     Philip Tinker     Thomas Sanby['?]     Gilbert Cox."⁸

     Robert I "le Fort" (?) Cte de Paris, de Angers et de Tours was born circa 820 at France.^6,7,1,8 He married Agane (?)
;
His 1st wife.^1,8 Robert I "le Fort" (?) Cte de Paris, de Angers et de Tours married Aelis/Adelaide (?) de Tours, daughter of Hugues III 'le Méfiant' (?) Comte de Tours and Ava/Bava (?) Countess Sundgau (Upper Alsace), Countess of Tours, circa 864
;
Her 2nd husband; his 2nd wife.^9,1,10,8
Robert I "le Fort" (?) Cte de Paris, de Angers et de Tours died on 15 September 866 at Battle of Brissarthe, Brissarthe, Anjou, Normandy, France; Killed in battle; The Henry Project says d. 866, possibly 15 Sept.^9,1,8,2
      ; Per Genealogics:
     "Rutpert IV was born about 820, son of Rutpert III, Graf in Wormsgau, and Waldrada/Vaudree of Orléans.
     "His first marriage was with Agane, about whom nothing is known. About 864 he married as his second wife Aelis de Tours, daughter of Hugues, comte de Tours, and widow of Konrad I, Graf in Argengau und Linzgau.
     "From 836 to 840 Rutpert was count in the Worms region. In 852 he became lay abbot of Saint-Martin-de-Marmoutier near Tours in Anjou. At the end of the 9th century, Charles 'the Bald', king of _Francia occidentalis_ and later Holy Roman Emperor, allied himself to the duke of Brittany and expelled the Vikings from Anjou, the region originally known as the _pasus andecavis_ named after the Gaul tribe of Andecaves. In 853 he appointed Rutpert _missus dominicus_ for the regions of Tours and Angers in Anjou. Later Rutpert became commander in the Autunois, which in 856 was threatened by would-be successors after the death of Emperor Lothar I, and in 863 in connection with the division of the kingdom of Charles de Provence.
     "In 858 Rutpert and Archbishop Ganelon were the leaders of the nobility in opposition to Charles 'the Bald'; they wanted to offer the crown of _Francia occidentalis_ to his half-brother Ludwig II 'the German', king of the East-Franks.
     "Rutpert became duke of Francia, the lands between the Seine and the Loire, and as such he was responsible for the struggle against the Vikings and Bretons. He fell against the Vikings at Brissarthe on 15 September 866."⁸ GAV-30 EDV-30 GKJ-31.

; This is the same person as ”Robert "le Fort" (Rotbertus Fortis, Robert "the Strong") at the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.²

; Per Wikipedia:
     "Robert the Strong (c.?830 – 866) was the father of two kings of West Francia Odo (or Eudes) and Robert I of France. His family is named after him and called the Robertians. In 853 he was named missus dominicus by Charles the Bald, King of West Francia. Robert the Strong was the great-grandfather of Hugh Capet and thus the ancestor of all the Capetians.
Origins and rise to power
     "The parentage of Robert "le Fort" is obscure. While very little is known about the beginnings of the Robertian family, speculative proposals have been made. According to one proposal, Robert was a son of Robert III of Worms.[1] Far more speculatively, mainly based on the use of the name Robert, or similar names, it has been proposed for example that his family had its origins in the Hesbaye region in present-day eastern Belgium, or perhaps descended from the family of Chrodegang of Metz. However these proposals are unproven.[citation needed]
     "According to the Worms proposal, during the reign of Louis the German in East Francia, the Robertian family emigrated from East Francia to West Francia. After their arrival in his realm Charles the Bald rewarded the family defecting from his enemy by assigning to Robert the lay abbacy of Marmoutier in 852. And in 853 he granted the position of missus dominicus in the provinces of Maine, Anjou, and Touraine to Robert, giving him de facto control of the ancient ducatus Cenomannicus, a large duchy centred on Le Mans and corresponding to the ancient realm of regnum Neustriae. Robert's rise came at the expense of the established family of the Rorigonids and was designed to curb their regional power and to defend Neustria from Viking and Breton raids.[citation needed]
Revolt
     "In 858 Robert joined a rebellion against Charles the Bald. With the Bretons under Salomon he led the Frankish nobles of Neustria and invited Louis the German to invade West Francia and receive their homage. The revolt had been sparked by a marriage alliance between Charles and Erispoe, King of Brittany, and by the investment of Charles’ son, Louis the Stammerer, with the regnum Neustriae, all which significantly curtailed the powers of both Salomon and Robert. Charles had given Robert the counties of Autun and Nevers in Burgundy; and in 856 Robert had defended Autun from Louis the German. But following Erispoe's assassination in November 857, he and Salomon rebelled against Charles.[citation needed]
     "Robert’s Neustrians chased Louis the Stammerer from Le Mans in 858. Later that year, Louis the German reached Orléans and received delegations from the Breton and Neustrian leaders, as well as from Pepin II. In 861, Charles made peace with Robert and appointed him Count of Anjou. Thereafter Robert successfully defended the northern coast against a Viking invasion.[citation needed]
     "In 862 Charles granted Louis the Stammerer, his son, the lay abbacy of Saint Martin of Tours—a worthy benefice but small in comparison with the kingdom he had received in 856, and lost in 858. The young Louis rebelled and, befriended by Salomon who supplied him with troops, mounted war against Robert.[citation needed]
     "In 862 two Viking fleets converged on Brittany; one had recently been forced out of the Seine by Charles the Bald, the other was returning from a Mediterranean expedition. Salomon hired the Mediterranean fleet to ravage the Loire valley in Nuestria.[2] Robert captured twelve of their ships, killing all on board save a few who fled. He then hired the former Seine Vikings to attack Salomon’s realm for 6,000 pounds silver.[citation needed]
     "Robert’s apparent purpose was to prevent the Vikings from serving Salomon. at an unknown age He presumably collected a large amount in taxes for a (non-tributary) Danegeld to pay for keeping the Vikings out of Neustria.[b] But peace between the Franks and the Vikings did not last long: in 863 Salomon made his peace, but the Vikings, now deprived of enemy lands to loot, proceeded to ravage Neustria. Charles now made Robert Lay abbot of the influential abbey St. Martin at Tours.[3]
     "Robert warred with Pepin II in his later years. In 863 he again defended Autun from Louis the German; he campaigned in Neustria in 865 and again in 866, shortly before his death, dealing with Bretons and Vikings ravaging the environs of Le Mans.[citation needed]
Death and legacy
     "On 2 July 866, Robert was killed at the Battle of Brissarthe while defending Francia against a joint Breton-Viking raiding party led by Salomon, King of Brittany and the Viking chieftain Hastein. During the battle the Viking commander was entrapped in a nearby church. Robert removed his armour to start to besiege the church; the Vikings then launched a surprise attack and Robert died in the subsequent melee.[3] He left behind a nine-year-old son, Odo (who would later be King of France), as his heir. His heroic successes against the Vikings led to his characterization as "a second Maccabaeus" in the Annales Fuldenses.[citation needed]
Family
     "Robert married Adelaide of Tours, daughter of Hugh of Tours.[3] They had:
Notes
a. Robert probably expected Salomon to hire them to replace the defeated Mediterranean Vikings, then to attack Neustria from two sides: with the Viking ships ascending the Loire and Breton troops invading by land.
b. In 860–1 Charles the Bald had collected a general tax to pay a Danegeld of 5,000 pounds. The king had probably authorised Robert's payment.
References
Inline citations
1. Detlev Schwennicke, Europäische Stammtafeln: Stammtafeln zur Geschichte der Europäischen Staaten, Neue Folge, Band II (Marburg, Germany: J. A. Stargardt, 1984), Tafel 10
2. Einar Joranson (1923), The Danegeld in France (Rock Island: Augustana), 59–61.
3. Jim Bradbury, The Capetians, Kings of France 987-1328, (London: Hambledon Continuum, 2007), 24. ISBN 978-1-85285-528-4
General references
** Smith, Julia M. H. Province and Empire: Brittany and the Carolingians. Cambridge University Press: 1992. ISBN 0-521-38285-8
** Hummer, Hans J. Politics and Power in Early Medieval Europe: Alsace and the Frankish Realm 600 – 1000. Cambridge University Press: 2005. ISBN 0-521-85441-5
External links
Baldwin, Stewart (26 July 2008). "Robert 'le Fort' (Rotbertus Fortis, Robert 'the Strong')". Henry Project.¹¹ Robert I "le Fort" (?) Cte de Paris, de Angers et de Tours was also known as Rutpert IV 'the Strong' (?) Graf in Wormsgau, Duke of Francia, Comte de Tours, Margrave of Anjou.⁸

Reference: Genealogics cites: Robert I "le Fort" (?) Cte de Paris, de Angers et de Tours was also known as Rutpert IV "FortisThe Strong" (?) Duke of France, Count in Wormgau.¹³

; Per Med Lands:
     "ROBERT "le Fort", son of --- ([815/30]-killed in battle Brissarthe 2 Jul 866). Robert´s birth date range is estimated assuming that his known sons were born in [850/60] as shown below. The parentage of Robert "le Fort" is obscure. Some general indications of his origin are found in near contemporary sources, but these are contradictory. An unspecific Franconian origin is favoured by the Annales Xantenses which name him “Ruodbertus…ortus de Francia, dux Karoli” when recording his death[3], and by Widukind who refers to his son King Eudes as “ex orientalibus Francia”[4]. A Saxon origin is suggested by two sources: firstly, Richer names “ex equestre ordine Rotbertum” as father of King Eudes and his “avum…paternum Witichinum advenam Germanum”[5]; secondly, the Miracula Sancti Benedicti names “Robertus, Andagavensis comes, Saxonici generis vir”[6]. Abbon refers to his son Eudes King of France as "Neustrien…fils de la Neustrie"[7]. Other early sources specifically state that nothing is known of the origins of Robert, for example Rodulphus Glaber ("cuius genus…oscurum")[8]. The possible identity of Robert´s mother is suggested by the charter dated 20 Feb "anno XXVII regnante domino Carolo…rege" under which "Robertus…beati Martini abbas…et comes" confirmed donations to Tour Saint-Martin made "olim…ab Odone quondam comite Aurelianensi avunculo nostro et Willelmo eius filio"[9]. However, there are two possible interpretations of the dating clause of this document. If it refers to Charles II "le Chauve" King of the West Franks, whose reign is normally dated from the death of his father in Jun 840, the year would be [867] the year after Robert "le Fort" died. Another possibility is that the clause refers to Charles III "le Simple" King of the West Franks, in which case the year would be 920, indicating that the donor was the future Robert I King of France, rather than Robert "le Fort", although this would not change the significance of the relationship described ("avunculus" could also have been used in the document in the sense of "great-uncle"). As discussed further below, Anatole de Barthélemy uses this document as part of his argument for identifying Guillaume Comte de Blois as the father of Robert "le Fort". However, "avunculus" in its strict sense indicates "maternal uncle" and, while the terms "patruus" (paternal uncle) and "avunculus" (maternal uncle) are frequently used interchangeably in contemporary primary source documentation, it is possible that the relationship was through a sister of the two brothers Eudes Comte d´Orléans and Guillaume Comte de Blois, who could have been the mother of Robert "le Fort". If this is correct, he would have been Robert "le Fort", son of --- & his wife ---. It should be emphasised that this hypothesis is speculative. Another possibility is that, assuming that the donor was the future Robert I King of France as suggested, the relationship could have been through his mother, the wife of Robert "le Fort", who could have been the niece of the brothers Eudes Comte d´Orléans and Guillaume Comte de Blois.
     "Four more specific suggestions about Robert´s paternal ancestry have been made:
     "Firstly, many modern secondary sources identify him as Robert [Rodbert], son of Rodbert Graf im Wormsgau & his wife Wiltrud ---, who was first named in Germany in 836 as "son of the late Rodbert Graf von Wormsgau", in a donation to Mettenheim[10]. No primary source has yet been found which points specifically towards this suggested co-identity, although it is consistent with the Franconian origin referred to by the Annales Xantenses and by Widukind, as noted above. It is assumed that the suggestion is based primarily on onomastics, although the first secondary source which proposed the connection has not yet been identified and therefore has not been checked. The author in question may have assumed that Robert was a unique name among noblemen in France in the first half of the 9th century, although this ignores Robert Seigneur [comte] à Sesseau en Berry, who was the possible brother of the wife of Pepin I King of Aquitaine (see the document CAROLINGIAN NOBILITY). The timing of the supposed arrival of Robert from Franconia, assuming that the co-identity is correct, is not ideal either. Robert would presumably have fled Germany after opting to support Charles II “le Chauve” King of the West Franks in the latter´s fight against his brother Ludwig II "der Deutsche” King of the East Franks. This dispute is dated to 858/59: King Ludwig invaded in Aug 858, when King Charles was faced with widespread rebellion, and was defeated in Jan 859. However, Robert "le Fort" is already named as missus in Maine, Anjou and Touraine in Nov 853, in a document issued by King Charles II (see below), unless of course this document refers to Robert Seigneur [comte] à Sesseau, which is not impossible.
     "Secondly, there is a possible connection between Robert "le Fort" and the family of Aledramn [I] Comte de Troyes, who died in [852] (see CAROLINGIAN NOBILITY). Such indications are provided by Regino who names "Waltgerius comes, nepos Odonis regis, filius scilicet avunculi eius Adalhelmi in Aquitanien" when recording his battle against "Ramnulfum et fratrem eius Gozbertum et Ebulonem abbatum de sancto Dionysio " in Jul 892, and names "Megingaudus comes, nepos supradicti Odonis regis [son of Robert "le Fort"]" when recording his death, also in 892[11]. A further indication is found in the charter dated 14 Sep 937, under which Robert "le Fort"´s grandson "Hugues abbé de Saint-Martin" donated "son alleu de Lachy…dans le comté de Meaux" to Tours Saint-Martin, specifying that he had inherited the property from "comte Aledramnus" who had been granted it by Charlemagne[12]. It should be noted, however, that all these sources would be consistent with the family connection between Robert "le Fort" and Adalhelm being through the female line, or even through Robert´s wife.
     "Thirdly, an interesting possibility is indicated by Europäische Stammtafeln which names the first wife of Comte Robert as "[Agane]"[13]. It cites no corresponding primary source, but presumably the suggestion is based on the Miraculis Sancti Genulfi which names "Agana filia…Byturicensium comes…Wifredus [et]…Oda coniux" as wife of "Roberto viro primoque palatii Pipini regis"[14]. This "Roberto" can probably be identified as Robert Seigneur [comte] à Sesseau en Berry, the supposed brother of the wife of Pepin I King of Aquitaine (this relationship is referred to by Settipani, but he neither quotes nor cites the corresponding source[15]). Could it be possible therefore that he was the same person as Robert "le Fort"? If this was the case, it would be consistent with the Saxon origin which is suggested by Richer and by the Miracula Sancti Benedicti (see above). The supposed father of Robert de Sesseau was Theodebert Comte de Madrie who, it is suspected, was related to the family of Nibelung and Childebrand (see CAROLINGIAN NOBILITY). The Saxon connection of the latter family is suggested by the name Theoderic (nine different individuals named Theoderic have been identified in the family), which was first recorded in Saxony in the family of Widukind by Einhard in 782 (see the document SAXONY).
     "Fourthly, Anatole de Barthélemy suggests that Robert was the son of Guillaume Comte de Blois, who was killed in battle in Jun 834 (see CAROLINGIAN NOBILITY)[16]. This suggestion was accepted by René Merlet[17]. Barthélemy bases his theory on the exchange of property in the county of Blois made by Comte Robert dated 865 (see below), concluding that Robert "avait son principal établissement à Blois…en pleine Neustrie, ce qui confirme singulièrement l´allégation d´Abbon" (who refers to Robert´s Neustrian origin, see above)[18]. Barthélemy also quotes a charter under which "Robertus…beati Martini abbas…et comes" confirmed donations to Tour Saint-Martin made "olim…ab Odone quondam comite Aurelianensi avunculo nostro et Willelmo eius filio", dated 20 Feb "anno XXVII regnante domino Carolo…rege"[19]. As noted above, the dating clause of this document may either refer to King Charles II "le Chauve" or to Charles III "le Simple" King of the West Franks, in the latter case the donor being the future Robert I King of France not Robert "le Fort", although this would not change the significance of the relationship described ("avunculus" could also have been used in the document in the sense of "great-uncle"). As discussed further above, the term "avunculus" reminds us that the relationship, as described in this charter, could also have been through a sister of the two brothers Eudes Comte d´Orléans and Guillaume Comte de Blois.
     "Whatever the truth about Robert´s parentage, his career in France is recorded with certainty from 853, although Merlet suggests that he was named in a charter dated I Oct 845[20]: Charles II "le Chauve" King of the West Franks restored property to Hincmar Archbishop of Reims which he had previously granted to his supporters, including property granted to "…Rotbertus…", by charter dated 1 Oct 845[21]. This co-identity is not beyond doubt. A document issued by King Charles II "le Chauve" dated Nov 853 names "Dodo episcopus, Hrotbertus et Osbertus" as missi in "Cinnomannio, Andegavensi, atque Turonico, Corboniso, et Sagiso"[22]. The Annales Bertiniani record that "Pippinus" joined with "Rotberto comiti et Britonibus" in 859[23], which suggests that Robert had earlier rebelled against King Charles II in Brittany. Robert submitted to the king's authority, when he was given command of the march of Neustria, which had been confiscated from the Rorgonid family for supporting the revolt of Louis (later King Louis II) against his father[24]. Regino records that King Charles II "le Chauve" invested "Rodberto comiti" with "ducatum inter Ligerim et Sequanam adversum Brittones" in 861[25]. The Annales Bertiniani record that "Rodbertus" attacked "Salomone duce" [duke of Brittany] in 862[26]. The Annales record that King Charles´s son, the future King Louis II "le Bègue", rebelled against his father in 862 and, heading an army of Bretons, defeated "Rotbertum patris fidelem" in 862, after which he burned Angers yet again[27]. Count in the march of Anjou [862/63]: the creation of the "march" of Anjou is probably dated to the early 860s, as the Annales Bertiniani name "Rodberto, qui marchio in Andegavo fuerat" in 865[28]. This change of jurisdictional status must have been insufficient to control the Bretons and the Vikings because Robert is named in the Annales Bertiniani in 865 in the context of King Charles imposing direct rule in the area by sending "Hludowicum filium suum" into "Neustriam" and granting him "comitatum Andegavensem et abbatiam Maioris-monasterii et quasdam villas illi", while recording that Robert was compensated with "comitatum Autissiodorensem et comitatum Nivernensem". "Le comte Robert" donated "certains biens…situés dans le comté de Blois, dans la viguerie d´Averdon au village dit Gabrium et faisant partie du domaine de Saint-Lubin" to Actard Bishop of Nantes in exchange for other property "situés au même lieu et dépendant aussi du domaine de Saint-Lubin" by charter dated May 865[29]. Merlet suggests that this charter indicates that Robert "le Fort" was Comte de Blois at the time[30]. However, another possibility is that the county indicated was the "march of Anjou" to which Robert had been appointed count some years before (see above). Comte d'Auxerre and Comte de Nevers 865. The Annales Bertiniani name "Rodbertus et Odo" as "præfecti" in the Seine valley area in 866 when recording that they repelled the Vikings who had sailed up river as far as "castrum Milidunum"[31]. "Odo" is presumably identified as Eudes Comte de Troyes, who died 1 Aug 871 (see CAROLINGIAN NOBILITY) and who, according to René Merlet, may have been the brother of Robert "le Fort"[32]. The Annales Bertiniani record that "Rotbertum et Ramnulfum, Godtfridum quoque et Heriveum comites" were defeated by the Vikings at "Brieserta" in 866, where Robert was killed[33]. The Adonis Continuatio records that "Robertus quoque atque Ramnulfus…inter primos ipsi priores" were killed by the Vikings in 866[34].
     "The name of Comte Robert's wife or wives is not known, but there are indications that he married more than once, maybe three times. One possibility can be dismissed immediately: one passage in the Chronicle of Saint-Bénigne, interpolated into the Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines, names "Regine, que cum esset iuvencula fuit concubina Karoli Magni iam senioris" as wife of "Roberti Fortis marchionis"[35]. This is chronologically impossible as Regina must have been born in [785] at the latest (the birth of her older son is recorded in 801), and therefore was far too old to have been Robert´s wife. Three possibilities remain:
     "[m [firstly] ---. According to Europäische Stammtafeln[36], the first wife of Comte Robert was "[Agane]". The primary source on which this is based is not noted, but as stated above, it is probably the Miraculis Sancti Genulfi which names "Agana filia…Byturicensium comes…Wifredus [et]…Oda coniux" as wife of "Roberto viro primoque palatii Pipini regis"[37]. As discussed above, this would mean that Robert "le Fort" was the same person as Robert Seigneur [comte] à Sesseau en Berry. If this co-identity is correct, Agane would have been too old to have been the mother of the recorded children of Robert "le Fort". It would therefore be consistent for her to have been Robert´s first wife.]
     "[m [secondly] ---. If the theories relating to Robert´s possible first and third marriages are correct as set out in the present document, the chronology dictates that the wife who was the mother of his children, born in [850/60], must have been a different person. There is no indication who she might have been, apart from the charter dated 20 Feb "anno XXVII regnante domino Carolo…rege" which is discussed above. If, in accordance with one of the possibilities suggested above, the dating clause in this document refers to the reign of Charles III "le Simple" King of the West Franks, the donor must have been the future Robert I King of France. In this case, the relationship "avunculus" described in the document could have been through the donor´s mother, the wife of Robert "le Fort" which, if correct, would mean that Robert´s second wife could have been the niece of the brothers Eudes Comte d´Orléans and Guillaume Comte de Blois.]
     "[m [thirdly] ---. Some secondary works[38] assert that the wife of Robert was Adelais [de Tours], widow of Conrad Comte de Paris et d'Auxerre [Welf], daughter of Hugues Comte de Tours & his wife Ava ---. If this is correct, Adelais must have been Comte Robert's second or third wife as Conrad died after 862, by which date Robert's known children were already born. The assertion appears to be based on the Chronicle of St Bénigne de Dijon which names "duo filii Rotberti Andegavorum comitis, frs Hugonis abbatis, senior Odo…Robertus alter"[39], "Hugonis abbatis" being the son of Conrad Comte de Paris and assuming that "frs" is an abbreviation for "fratres". Settipani states that the passage is a 12th century interpolation and has little historical value, although he does suggest that it is likely that the wife of Comte Robert was a close relation of Adelais (without providing the reasoning for his statement)[40]. A family connection between Comte Robert and Conrad Comte de Paris is also suggested by the former being invested with the county of Auxerre in 865, after this county was confiscated from the latter (as recorded by Hincmar[41]), on the assumption that there was some basis of heredity behind the transmission of counties in France at that time (which is probable, but remains unproven). "
Med Lands cites: He was Duke of Maine between 851 and 856.¹¹ He was Count of Anjou between 861 and 866.¹¹ He was Count of Nantes between 861 and 866.¹¹ He was Margrave of Neustria - See attached map of Neustria and Austrasia from Wikipedia (By Internet Archive Book Images - https://www.flickr.com/photos/internetarchivebookimages/14580277120/, No restrictions, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=52290412) between 861 and 866.¹¹

     Aelis/Adelaide (?) de Tours was born in 819 at Tours, Departement d'Indre-et-Loire, Centre, France; Genealogy.EU (Capet 1 page) says b. 824.^8,9,1 She married Konrad I 'the Elder' (?) Count of Auxerre, Graf in Argengau und Linzgau, son of Welf I (?) Graf in Swabia and Heilwig/Hedwig/Eigilwich (?) of Saxony, between 834 and 838
;
Her 1st husband.^{3,10,2,11,12,13} Aelis/Adelaide (?) de Tours married Robert I "le Fort" (?) Cte de Paris, de Angers et de Tours, son of Rutpert/Robert III (?) Count in Wormsgau and Oberrheinsgau and Waldrada/Wiltrud (?), circa 864
;
Her 2nd husband; his 2nd wife.^9,8,3,14
Aelis/Adelaide (?) de Tours died after September 866.^9,8,1,3,15
Aelis/Adelaide (?) de Tours was buried after September 866 at Saint-Étienne Cathedral, Sens, Departement de l'Yonne, Bourgogne, France; From Find A Grave:
     BIRTH     805
     DEATH     866 (aged 60–61)
     Family Members
     Parents
          Hugues de Tours 775–837
          Ava de Morvois de Tours 769–839
     Spouse
          Conrad de Bourgogne 800–862
     Siblings
          Ermengarde Of Tours unknown–851
          Adelaide Of Tours
          Hugues Comte de Bourges
          Berthe de Tours de Roussillon 800–871
     Children
          Conrad de Bourgogne 824–876
     BURIAL     Saint-Étienne Cathedral, Sens, Departement de l'Yonne, Bourgogne, France
     Created by: Our Family History
     Added: 1 Jun 2018
     Find A Grave Memorial 190253182.¹⁶
     ; Per Med Lands:
     "ROBERT "le Fort", son of --- ([815/30]-killed in battle Brissarthe 2 Jul 866). Robert´s birth date range is estimated assuming that his known sons were born in [850/60] as shown below. The parentage of Robert "le Fort" is obscure. Some general indications of his origin are found in near contemporary sources, but these are contradictory. An unspecific Franconian origin is favoured by the Annales Xantenses which name him “Ruodbertus…ortus de Francia, dux Karoli” when recording his death[3], and by Widukind who refers to his son King Eudes as “ex orientalibus Francia”[4]. A Saxon origin is suggested by two sources: firstly, Richer names “ex equestre ordine Rotbertum” as father of King Eudes and his “avum…paternum Witichinum advenam Germanum”[5]; secondly, the Miracula Sancti Benedicti names “Robertus, Andagavensis comes, Saxonici generis vir”[6]. Abbon refers to his son Eudes King of France as "Neustrien…fils de la Neustrie"[7]. Other early sources specifically state that nothing is known of the origins of Robert, for example Rodulphus Glaber ("cuius genus…oscurum")[8]. The possible identity of Robert´s mother is suggested by the charter dated 20 Feb "anno XXVII regnante domino Carolo…rege" under which "Robertus…beati Martini abbas…et comes" confirmed donations to Tour Saint-Martin made "olim…ab Odone quondam comite Aurelianensi avunculo nostro et Willelmo eius filio"[9]. However, there are two possible interpretations of the dating clause of this document. If it refers to Charles II "le Chauve" King of the West Franks, whose reign is normally dated from the death of his father in Jun 840, the year would be [867] the year after Robert "le Fort" died. Another possibility is that the clause refers to Charles III "le Simple" King of the West Franks, in which case the year would be 920, indicating that the donor was the future Robert I King of France, rather than Robert "le Fort", although this would not change the significance of the relationship described ("avunculus" could also have been used in the document in the sense of "great-uncle"). As discussed further below, Anatole de Barthélemy uses this document as part of his argument for identifying Guillaume Comte de Blois as the father of Robert "le Fort". However, "avunculus" in its strict sense indicates "maternal uncle" and, while the terms "patruus" (paternal uncle) and "avunculus" (maternal uncle) are frequently used interchangeably in contemporary primary source documentation, it is possible that the relationship was through a sister of the two brothers Eudes Comte d´Orléans and Guillaume Comte de Blois, who could have been the mother of Robert "le Fort". If this is correct, he would have been Robert "le Fort", son of --- & his wife ---. It should be emphasised that this hypothesis is speculative. Another possibility is that, assuming that the donor was the future Robert I King of France as suggested, the relationship could have been through his mother, the wife of Robert "le Fort", who could have been the niece of the brothers Eudes Comte d´Orléans and Guillaume Comte de Blois.
     "Four more specific suggestions about Robert´s paternal ancestry have been made:
     "Firstly, many modern secondary sources identify him as Robert [Rodbert], son of Rodbert Graf im Wormsgau & his wife Wiltrud ---, who was first named in Germany in 836 as "son of the late Rodbert Graf von Wormsgau", in a donation to Mettenheim[10]. No primary source has yet been found which points specifically towards this suggested co-identity, although it is consistent with the Franconian origin referred to by the Annales Xantenses and by Widukind, as noted above. It is assumed that the suggestion is based primarily on onomastics, although the first secondary source which proposed the connection has not yet been identified and therefore has not been checked. The author in question may have assumed that Robert was a unique name among noblemen in France in the first half of the 9th century, although this ignores Robert Seigneur [comte] à Sesseau en Berry, who was the possible brother of the wife of Pepin I King of Aquitaine (see the document CAROLINGIAN NOBILITY). The timing of the supposed arrival of Robert from Franconia, assuming that the co-identity is correct, is not ideal either. Robert would presumably have fled Germany after opting to support Charles II “le Chauve” King of the West Franks in the latter´s fight against his brother Ludwig II "der Deutsche” King of the East Franks. This dispute is dated to 858/59: King Ludwig invaded in Aug 858, when King Charles was faced with widespread rebellion, and was defeated in Jan 859. However, Robert "le Fort" is already named as missus in Maine, Anjou and Touraine in Nov 853, in a document issued by King Charles II (see below), unless of course this document refers to Robert Seigneur [comte] à Sesseau, which is not impossible.
     "Secondly, there is a possible connection between Robert "le Fort" and the family of Aledramn [I] Comte de Troyes, who died in [852] (see CAROLINGIAN NOBILITY). Such indications are provided by Regino who names "Waltgerius comes, nepos Odonis regis, filius scilicet avunculi eius Adalhelmi in Aquitanien" when recording his battle against "Ramnulfum et fratrem eius Gozbertum et Ebulonem abbatum de sancto Dionysio " in Jul 892, and names "Megingaudus comes, nepos supradicti Odonis regis [son of Robert "le Fort"]" when recording his death, also in 892[11]. A further indication is found in the charter dated 14 Sep 937, under which Robert "le Fort"´s grandson "Hugues abbé de Saint-Martin" donated "son alleu de Lachy…dans le comté de Meaux" to Tours Saint-Martin, specifying that he had inherited the property from "comte Aledramnus" who had been granted it by Charlemagne[12]. It should be noted, however, that all these sources would be consistent with the family connection between Robert "le Fort" and Adalhelm being through the female line, or even through Robert´s wife.
     "Thirdly, an interesting possibility is indicated by Europäische Stammtafeln which names the first wife of Comte Robert as "[Agane]"[13]. It cites no corresponding primary source, but presumably the suggestion is based on the Miraculis Sancti Genulfi which names "Agana filia…Byturicensium comes…Wifredus [et]…Oda coniux" as wife of "Roberto viro primoque palatii Pipini regis"[14]. This "Roberto" can probably be identified as Robert Seigneur [comte] à Sesseau en Berry, the supposed brother of the wife of Pepin I King of Aquitaine (this relationship is referred to by Settipani, but he neither quotes nor cites the corresponding source[15]). Could it be possible therefore that he was the same person as Robert "le Fort"? If this was the case, it would be consistent with the Saxon origin which is suggested by Richer and by the Miracula Sancti Benedicti (see above). The supposed father of Robert de Sesseau was Theodebert Comte de Madrie who, it is suspected, was related to the family of Nibelung and Childebrand (see CAROLINGIAN NOBILITY). The Saxon connection of the latter family is suggested by the name Theoderic (nine different individuals named Theoderic have been identified in the family), which was first recorded in Saxony in the family of Widukind by Einhard in 782 (see the document SAXONY).
     "Fourthly, Anatole de Barthélemy suggests that Robert was the son of Guillaume Comte de Blois, who was killed in battle in Jun 834 (see CAROLINGIAN NOBILITY)[16]. This suggestion was accepted by René Merlet[17]. Barthélemy bases his theory on the exchange of property in the county of Blois made by Comte Robert dated 865 (see below), concluding that Robert "avait son principal établissement à Blois…en pleine Neustrie, ce qui confirme singulièrement l´allégation d´Abbon" (who refers to Robert´s Neustrian origin, see above)[18]. Barthélemy also quotes a charter under which "Robertus…beati Martini abbas…et comes" confirmed donations to Tour Saint-Martin made "olim…ab Odone quondam comite Aurelianensi avunculo nostro et Willelmo eius filio", dated 20 Feb "anno XXVII regnante domino Carolo…rege"[19]. As noted above, the dating clause of this document may either refer to King Charles II "le Chauve" or to Charles III "le Simple" King of the West Franks, in the latter case the donor being the future Robert I King of France not Robert "le Fort", although this would not change the significance of the relationship described ("avunculus" could also have been used in the document in the sense of "great-uncle"). As discussed further above, the term "avunculus" reminds us that the relationship, as described in this charter, could also have been through a sister of the two brothers Eudes Comte d´Orléans and Guillaume Comte de Blois.
     "Whatever the truth about Robert´s parentage, his career in France is recorded with certainty from 853, although Merlet suggests that he was named in a charter dated I Oct 845[20]: Charles II "le Chauve" King of the West Franks restored property to Hincmar Archbishop of Reims which he had previously granted to his supporters, including property granted to "…Rotbertus…", by charter dated 1 Oct 845[21]. This co-identity is not beyond doubt. A document issued by King Charles II "le Chauve" dated Nov 853 names "Dodo episcopus, Hrotbertus et Osbertus" as missi in "Cinnomannio, Andegavensi, atque Turonico, Corboniso, et Sagiso"[22]. The Annales Bertiniani record that "Pippinus" joined with "Rotberto comiti et Britonibus" in 859[23], which suggests that Robert had earlier rebelled against King Charles II in Brittany. Robert submitted to the king's authority, when he was given command of the march of Neustria, which had been confiscated from the Rorgonid family for supporting the revolt of Louis (later King Louis II) against his father[24]. Regino records that King Charles II "le Chauve" invested "Rodberto comiti" with "ducatum inter Ligerim et Sequanam adversum Brittones" in 861[25]. The Annales Bertiniani record that "Rodbertus" attacked "Salomone duce" [duke of Brittany] in 862[26]. The Annales record that King Charles´s son, the future King Louis II "le Bègue", rebelled against his father in 862 and, heading an army of Bretons, defeated "Rotbertum patris fidelem" in 862, after which he burned Angers yet again[27]. Count in the march of Anjou [862/63]: the creation of the "march" of Anjou is probably dated to the early 860s, as the Annales Bertiniani name "Rodberto, qui marchio in Andegavo fuerat" in 865[28]. This change of jurisdictional status must have been insufficient to control the Bretons and the Vikings because Robert is named in the Annales Bertiniani in 865 in the context of King Charles imposing direct rule in the area by sending "Hludowicum filium suum" into "Neustriam" and granting him "comitatum Andegavensem et abbatiam Maioris-monasterii et quasdam villas illi", while recording that Robert was compensated with "comitatum Autissiodorensem et comitatum Nivernensem". "Le comte Robert" donated "certains biens…situés dans le comté de Blois, dans la viguerie d´Averdon au village dit Gabrium et faisant partie du domaine de Saint-Lubin" to Actard Bishop of Nantes in exchange for other property "situés au même lieu et dépendant aussi du domaine de Saint-Lubin" by charter dated May 865[29]. Merlet suggests that this charter indicates that Robert "le Fort" was Comte de Blois at the time[30]. However, another possibility is that the county indicated was the "march of Anjou" to which Robert had been appointed count some years before (see above). Comte d'Auxerre and Comte de Nevers 865. The Annales Bertiniani name "Rodbertus et Odo" as "præfecti" in the Seine valley area in 866 when recording that they repelled the Vikings who had sailed up river as far as "castrum Milidunum"[31]. "Odo" is presumably identified as Eudes Comte de Troyes, who died 1 Aug 871 (see CAROLINGIAN NOBILITY) and who, according to René Merlet, may have been the brother of Robert "le Fort"[32]. The Annales Bertiniani record that "Rotbertum et Ramnulfum, Godtfridum quoque et Heriveum comites" were defeated by the Vikings at "Brieserta" in 866, where Robert was killed[33]. The Adonis Continuatio records that "Robertus quoque atque Ramnulfus…inter primos ipsi priores" were killed by the Vikings in 866[34].
     "The name of Comte Robert's wife or wives is not known, but there are indications that he married more than once, maybe three times. One possibility can be dismissed immediately: one passage in the Chronicle of Saint-Bénigne, interpolated into the Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines, names "Regine, que cum esset iuvencula fuit concubina Karoli Magni iam senioris" as wife of "Roberti Fortis marchionis"[35]. This is chronologically impossible as Regina must have been born in [785] at the latest (the birth of her older son is recorded in 801), and therefore was far too old to have been Robert´s wife. Three possibilities remain:
     "[m [firstly] ---. According to Europäische Stammtafeln[36], the first wife of Comte Robert was "[Agane]". The primary source on which this is based is not noted, but as stated above, it is probably the Miraculis Sancti Genulfi which names "Agana filia…Byturicensium comes…Wifredus [et]…Oda coniux" as wife of "Roberto viro primoque palatii Pipini regis"[37]. As discussed above, this would mean that Robert "le Fort" was the same person as Robert Seigneur [comte] à Sesseau en Berry. If this co-identity is correct, Agane would have been too old to have been the mother of the recorded children of Robert "le Fort". It would therefore be consistent for her to have been Robert´s first wife.]
     "[m [secondly] ---. If the theories relating to Robert´s possible first and third marriages are correct as set out in the present document, the chronology dictates that the wife who was the mother of his children, born in [850/60], must have been a different person. There is no indication who she might have been, apart from the charter dated 20 Feb "anno XXVII regnante domino Carolo…rege" which is discussed above. If, in accordance with one of the possibilities suggested above, the dating clause in this document refers to the reign of Charles III "le Simple" King of the West Franks, the donor must have been the future Robert I King of France. In this case, the relationship "avunculus" described in the document could have been through the donor´s mother, the wife of Robert "le Fort" which, if correct, would mean that Robert´s second wife could have been the niece of the brothers Eudes Comte d´Orléans and Guillaume Comte de Blois.]
     "[m [thirdly] ---. Some secondary works[38] assert that the wife of Robert was Adelais [de Tours], widow of Conrad Comte de Paris et d'Auxerre [Welf], daughter of Hugues Comte de Tours & his wife Ava ---. If this is correct, Adelais must have been Comte Robert's second or third wife as Conrad died after 862, by which date Robert's known children were already born. The assertion appears to be based on the Chronicle of St Bénigne de Dijon which names "duo filii Rotberti Andegavorum comitis, frs Hugonis abbatis, senior Odo…Robertus alter"[39], "Hugonis abbatis" being the son of Conrad Comte de Paris and assuming that "frs" is an abbreviation for "fratres". Settipani states that the passage is a 12th century interpolation and has little historical value, although he does suggest that it is likely that the wife of Comte Robert was a close relation of Adelais (without providing the reasoning for his statement)[40]. A family connection between Comte Robert and Conrad Comte de Paris is also suggested by the former being invested with the county of Auxerre in 865, after this county was confiscated from the latter (as recorded by Hincmar[41]), on the assumption that there was some basis of heredity behind the transmission of counties in France at that time (which is probable, but remains unproven). "
Med Lands cites:

; Genealogy.EU (Carolin 1 page) says Adelaide was the daughter of Louis I "the Fair."¹⁸



; Per Wikipedia:
     "Adelaide (Aelis) of Tours (c.820-c.866) was a daughter of Hugh of Tours[1] and his wife Ava.
     "She married Conrad I, Count of Auxerre,[2] with whom she had at least two children, Hugh and Conrad the Younger. Additionally legend of the later Swabian branch of the House of Welf assigns to Conrad and Adelaide an additional son, Welf I, a relationship considered probable.
     "After her husband's death around 864, she married Robert the Strong,[1] and had two children, Odo and Robert I of France.
     "Robert's grandson was Hugh Capet, the first King of the House of Capet.
Notes
1. Bradbury 2007, p. 24.
2. Bouchard 1999, p. 340.
References
** Bradbury, Jim (2007). The Capetians: Kings of France, 987-1328. Continuum Books. ISBN 978-1-85285-528-4.
** Bouchard, Constance Brittain (1999). "Burgundy and Provence, 879-1032". In Reuter, Timothy (ed.) The New Cambridge Medieval History: Volume 3, C.900-c.1024. III. Cambridge University Press."¹⁹



; Per Med Lands:
     "ADELAIS (-after 866). The Miraculis Sancti Germani name "Adheleid" as wife of "Chuonradus princeps", noting that she was “primorum et ipsa natalium perinde titulus gloriosa”[158]. A poem by Walahfridus Strabus records the epitaph of "Adelheidam"[159]. The primary source which confirms her parentage has not yet been identified. Some secondary works[160] assert that the second husband of Adelais was Robert "le Fort" [Capet]. If this is correct, Adelais must have been Comte Robert's second or third wife as Conrad died after 862 by which date Robert's known children were already born. The assertion appears based on the Chronicle of St Bénigne de Dijon which names "duo filii Rotberti Andegavorum comitis, frs Hugonis abbatis, senior Odo…Robertus alter"[161]. Settipani states that the passage is a 12th century interpolation and has little historical value, although he does suggest that it is likely that the wife of Comte Robert was a close relation of Adelais without providing the basis for this statement[162]. A family connection between Comte Robert and Conrad Comte de Paris is also suggested by the former being invested with the county of Auxerre in 865, after this county was confiscated from the latter (as recorded by Hincmar[163]), on the assumption that there was some basis of heredity behind the transmission of counties in France at that time (which is probable, but remains unproven).
     "m CONRAD "l'Ancien" Comte de Paris, son of WELF I Graf in Swabia & his wife Heilwig --- (-22 Mar [862/66])."
Med Lands Cites: GAV-30 EDV-30 GKJ-31.

Reference: Genealogics cites: Genealogisches Handbuch des Adels Fürstliche Häuser , Reference: 1961 9.³

; Per Med Lands:
     "CONRAD "l'Ancien" (-22 Mar [862/66]). Thegan's Vita Hludowici Imperatoris names (in order) "Chuonradum et Ruodolfum" as brothers of Empress Judith[1765]. Graf von Linz- und Argengau. Dux. Nithard records that Conrad and his brother Rudolf were forcibly tonsured in [Apr 830] by their sister's stepson, Lothar, then in revolt against his father, and sent to Aquitaine "to be held by Pepin"[1766]. Comte de Paris. The Miraculis Sancti Germani record that "Chuonradus princeps" was cured of an eye problem by the saint, and that he built the church of Saint-Germain at Auxerre in thanks[1767]. An agreement between Charles II "le Chauve" King of the West Franks and his brother Ludwig II "der Deutsche" King of the East Franks dated Jun 860 names "nobilis ac fidelibus laicis…Chuonradus, Evrardus, Adalardus, Arnustus, Warnarius, Liutfridus, Hruodolfus, Erkingarius, Gislebertus, Ratbodus, Arnulfus, Hugo, item Chuonradus, Liutharius, Berengarius, Matfridus, Boso, Sigeri, Hartmannus, Liuthardus, Richuinus, Wigricus, Hunfridus, Bernoldus, Hatto, Adalbertus, Burchardus, Christianus, Leutulfus, Hessi, Herimannus, item Hruodulfus, Sigehardus"[1768]. "Ludowicus…rex" confirmed an exchange between Grimald abbot of St Gallen and "quidam comis…Chuonratus" relating to property in Linzgau and Argengau, by charter dated 1 Apr 861[1769]. A poem by Walahfridus Strabus records the epitaph of "Chonradum comitem"[1770]. The necrology of Auxerre cathedral records the death 22 Mar of "Conradus comes"[1771].
     "m ADELAIS [de Tours], daughter of HUGUES Comte [de Tours] & his wife Ava ---. The Miraculis Sancti Germani name "Adheleid" as wife of "Chuonradus princeps"[1772]. A poem by Walahfridus Strabus records the epitaph of "Adelheidam"[1773]. The primary source which confirms her parentage has not yet been identified. Some secondary works[1774] assert that the second husband of Adelais was Robert "le Fort" [Capet]. If this is correct, Adelais must have been Comte Robert's second or third wife as his known children were already born by the time Adelais's husband Conrad died. The assertion appears based on the Chronicle of St Bénigne de Dijon which names "duo filii Rotberti Andegavorum comitis, frs Hugonis abbatis, senior Odo…Robertus alter"[1775]. Settipani states that the passage is a 12th century interpolation and has little historical value, although he does suggest that it is likely that the wife of Comte Robert was a close relation of Adelais without providing the basis for this statement[1776]. A family connection between Comte Robert and Conrad Comte de Paris is also suggested by the former being invested with the county of Auxerre in 865, after this county was confiscated from the latter (as recorded by Hincmar[1777]), on the assumption that there was some basis of heredity behind the transmission of counties in France at that time (which is probable, but remains unproven)."
Med Lands Cites:

     Bertha (?) de Morvois, Countess of Vermandois was born at Vermandois, Normandy, France.⁴ She married Heribert I (?) Cte de Vermandois, sn de Senlis, de Peronne et de St.Quentin, son of Pepin II Quentin (?) Cte de Vermandois, sn de Senlis, de Peronne et de St.Quentin, circa 872
; NB: See Note on The Henry Project for a discussion on unlikeliness that Heribert actually married this Bertha de Morvois.
     Genealogics reports this marriage to Bertha, citing:
     Med Lands reports that me married an otherwise unidentified "Lietgardis".
     Racines et Histoire reports this marriage to Bertha, as well as a second marriage to "Hildebrande (fille de Robert Le Fort)".
I have chosed to include the marriage, but show the mother of Heribert's children as unidentified. GA Vaut.^{1,2,5,6,7,8,9}
      ; Leo van de Pas cites:
1. Caroli Magni Progenies Neustadt an der Aisch, 1977. , Siegfried Rosch, Reference: 105
2. Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists who came to Amercia bef.1700 7th Edition, Frederick Lewis Weis, Reference: 51.³ GAV-29.

     Ermengarde (?) d'Anjou, Duchess of Bretagne was born between 958 and 965 at Pays de la Loire, France (now); Genealogy.EU says b. ca 952; Racines et Histoire says b. 952/60; Genealogics says b. ca 965; Wikipedia says b. ca 956; Find A Grave says b. 11 Nov 958; Med Lands says b. bef 965.^{1,3,9,12,13,14} She married Conan I "Le Tort" (?) Duc de Bretagne, Cte de Rennes, son of Juhel (Judicaël) Bérenger (?) Comte de Rennes and Gerberge (?), in 973
;      According to The Henry Project: "Rodulfus Glaber [ii, 3 (pp. 30-1)] states that Conan married a sister of count Foulques of Anjou, the Cronicle of S. Florent says that Geoffrey was son of Conan by a sister of Foulques [Lobineau (1707), 2: 85], and the Angevin genealogical collection states that Judith, wife of Richard of Normandy, was the daughter of Conan by his wife Ermengarde, daughter of Geoffroy of Anjou [Poupardin (1900), 208]."^{15,1,2,9,16,14,17}
Ermengarde (?) d'Anjou, Duchess of Bretagne died circa 1024 at Pays de la Loire, France (now); Wikipedia says d. ca 1024; Racines et Histoire says d. 27 June 992; Genealogy.EU says d. aft 982. Since she apparently m. again around 1000 and (per Wikipedia) had at least 6 more children, she apparently lived past 1000. So I choose to use "ca 1024" as the death date for now. GA Vaut.^{12,8,1,18,19,13}
Ermengarde (?) d'Anjou, Duchess of Bretagne was buried circa 1024 at Saint Aubin Abbey, Angers, Departement de Maine-et-Loire, Pays de la Loire, France (now); From Find A Grave:
     BIRTH     11 Nov 958, Pays de la Loire, France
     DEATH     27 Jun 1022 (aged 63), Pays de la Loire, France
     Ermangarde D'Anjou Bretagne. Ermengarde - Also Known As: "Elizabeth", "Irmgard", "Ermengard", "Gotfredsdatter", "Ermengarde /D Anjou/", "Duchess", "Ermengarde /d Anjou/", "Ermengard /De Anjou/", "Ermengarde-Gerberga of Anjou", "Countess of Rennes", "Regent of Brittany (992-994)", "Countess of Angouleme", "Duchess Ermangarde Bretagne"
     Birthdate: November 11, 958
     Birthplace: Duchy of Anjou (now Pays de la Loire, France)
     Death: Died June 27, 1022 in Duchy of Anjou (now Pays de la Loire, France)
     Cause of death: MZC5-D28
     Place of Burial: Anjou, Maine-et-Loire, Normandy, France
     Immediate Family:
     Daughter of Geoffrey I "Greymantle", count of Anjou and Adele de Vermandois, Comtesse de Châlons & de Beaune
     Wife of Conan I le Fort, duc de Bretagne
     Mother of Geoffroy I, duc de Bretagne; Judith of Brittany; Catuallon de Bretagne; Hernod de Bretagne; Alain Glanderius and 1 other
     Family Members
     Parents
          Geoffroy I de Anjou unknown–987
          Adele of Meaux
     Spouse
          Conan De Rennes 944–992
     Siblings
          Fulk III Anjou unknown–1040
          Maurice de Anjou unknown–1012
     Children
          Geoffroi de Bretagne unknown–1008
          Judith De Rennes 983–1017
     BURIAL     Saint Aubin Abbey, Angers, Departement de Maine-et-Loire, Pays de la Loire, France
     Created by: Our Family History
     Added: 19 Jan 2017
     Find A Grave Memorial 175521139.¹³
      ; Per Genealogics:
     "Ermengarde-Girberge of Anjou, also called Ermengarde of Anjou, was the daughter of Geoffrey I, comte d'Anjou, and Adelais de Vermandois. She is called Ermengarde in northern (French) sources, but at least one early southern source calls her Girberge. Angevins were known to give daughters two names, as evidenced by her aunt, called Adelaide-Blanche.
     "In 973 Ermengard-Girberge married Conon I 'le Tort', duc de Bretagne, son of Judicael Berengar, comte de Rennes. Of their four children, Geoffrey I and Judith would have progeny. Her husband Conon opposed her father and brother Foulques III even though the marriage was apparently designed for a political alliance between Anjou and Brittany. Even after Conon had been killed by Foulques at the second Battle of Conquereuil in 992, and during the period 992-994 when Ermengarde-Girberge was regent for their son Geoffrey, she remained loyal to her brother Foulques. In 992 following the interests of her brother, and functioning as regent, she accepted Capetian over-lordship for Rennes while rejecting that of Eudes I, comte de Blois.
     "About 1000 her brother Foulques arranged for his widowed sister to marry secondly Guillaume IV Taillefer, comte d'Angoulême, one of his close allies, son of Arnauld Mancer, comte d'Angoulême, and his first wife Raingarde. They had about six sons of whom Geoffroy is recorded with progeny. The eldest son Alduin II married Alaisia de Gasçogne and had progeny, and a son Foulques also married, though the details are not recorded.
     "Ermengarde-Girberge is thought to have died after 1 May 1041, though some sources suggest that she died about 1024."⁹ GAV-27 EDV-27.

; Per Med Lands:
     "ERMENGARDE d'Anjou (before 965-after 982). Rodulfus Glaber records that Conan married the sister of Foulques of Anjou but does not name her[103]. The primary source which confirms her name has not yet been identified. She was presumably born before 965 if it is correct that her first child was born in 980.
     "m (973) CONAN Comte de Rennes, son of JUDICAËL BERENGAR Comte de Rennes & his wife Gerberge --- (-killed in battle Conquereil 27 Jun 992). He succeeded in 990 as CONAN I "le Tort" Duke of Brittany."
Med Lands cites: [103] Rodulfi Glabri, Historiarum II.4, p. 59.⁴

Reference: Genealogics cites:

; Per Wikipedia:
     "Ermengarde-Gerberga of Anjou, also called Ermengarde of Anjou (c.?956 - c.?1024), at an unknown age was the Countess of Rennes, Regent of Brittany (992–994) and also Countess of Angoulême.
Life
     "Ermengarde-Gerberga was born c.?956,[1] the daughter of Geoffrey I, Count of Anjou and Adele of Meaux.[2] She married Conan I of Rennes, Count of Rennes, in 973.[3] Her husband Conan of Rennes opposed her father and brother Fulk even though the marriage was apparently designed to form a political alliance between Anjou and Brittany.[4] Even after Conan had been killed by Fulk at the Battle of Conquereuil in 992, and during the period 992-994 when Ermengarde was Regent for their son Geoffrey, she remained loyal to her brother Fulk III, Count of Anjou.[4] In 992, following the interests of her brother, and functioning as Regent, she accepted Capetian over-lordship for Rennes while rejecting that of Odo I, Count of Blois.[5]
     "About 1000[6] her brother Fulk III arranged his widowed sister to marry, secondly, William II of Angoulême, one of his close allies.[7]
Issue
     "By her first husband Conan I 'le Tort' Count of Rennes, she had the following children:
     "By her second husband William II 'Taillefer' Count of Angoulême, she had the following children:
Notes
a. She is called Ermengarde in northern [French] sources however at least one early southern source calls her Gerberga. Angevins were known to give daughters two names as evidenced by her aunt, called Adelaide-Blanche. See: Bachrach, 'Henry II and the Angevin Tradition', Albion, Vol. 16, No. 2, (1984), p. 117 n. 35; Crisp, 'Consanguinity and the Saint-Aubin Genealogies, Haskins Society Journal 14 (2005), p. 114; also: Bachrach, ""Fulk Nerra, (1993), p. 42.
References
1. Bernard S. Bachrach, Fulk Nerra the Neo-Roman Consul, 987-1040 (University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1993), p. 9
2. Detlev Schwennicke, Europäische Stammtafeln: Stammtafeln zur Geschichte der Europäischen Staaten, Neue Folge, Band III Teilband 1 (Verlag von J. A. Stargardt, Marburg, Germany, 1984), Tafel 49
3. Detlev Schwennicke, Europäische Stammtafeln: Stammtafeln zur Geschichte der Europäischen Staaten, Neue Folge, Band II (Verlag von J. A. Stargardt, Marburg, Germany, 1984), Tafel 75
4. Bernard S. Bachrach, Henry II and the Angevin Tradition of Family Hostility, Albion: A Quarterly Journal Concerned with British Studies, Vol. 16, No. 2, (Summer, 1984), p. 117
5. Bernard S. Bachrach, Henry II and the Angevin Tradition of Family Hostility, Albion: A Quarterly Journal Concerned with British Studies, Vol. 16, No. 2, (Summer, 1984), p. 117 n. 38
6. Detlev Schwennicke, Europäische Stammtafeln: Stammtafeln zur Geschichte der Europäischen Staaten, Neue Folge, Band III Teilband 4 (Verlag von J. A. Stargardt, Marburg, Germany. 1989), Tafel 817
7. Archibald R. Lewis, The Development of Southern French and Catalan Society, 718-1050 (University of Texas Press, 1965, p. 337) Online copy viewable here: https://libro.uca.edu/lewis/sfcatsoc.htm."¹²

; Per Racines et Histoire (Anjou): "1) Ermengarde d’Anjou ° ~952/60 + 27/06/992
     ép. 1) 973/93 Conan 1er «Le Tort» de Rennes comte de Rennes (970), duc de Bretagne (988) ° 944 +X 27/06/992 (Conquereuil.)¹⁵ "

; Per Med Lands:
     "CONAN de Rennes, son of JUDICAËL [Juhael] Comte de Rennes & his wife Gerberge --- (-killed in battle Conquereil 27 Jun 992). The Chronicle of Nantes names "Conano filio Judicael Berengarii Redonensi comite" when recording that he held a large part of Brittany from Thibaut [II] Comte de Blois and fought with Hoël Comte de Nantes[115]. His parentage is confirmed by the Chronico Sancti Michaelis which records the death of his grandson "Gaufridus Dux Britanniæ filius Conani filii Juhelli Berengarii" in 1008[116]. Comte de Rennes. He succeeded in [970] as CONAN I "le Tort" Duke of Brittany. Rodulfus Glaber records that Conan "crowned himself with a royal diadem", was defeated by his brother-in-law Foulques Comte d'Anjou, and surrendered after his right hand had been cut off[117]. The Chronico Sancti Michaelis records that "Conanus Brito…filius Juhelli Berengarii" was killed in battle "V Kal Jul 992" against Foulques Comte d'Anjou[118]. The Chronicle of Nantes reports that he was killed at the battle of Conquereuil[119], dated "992 V Kal Jul" in the Chronicon britannicum[120]. The Chronicon Kemperlegiense records the death "in bello Conçurruç…V Kal Jul" of "Conanus comes, filius Iudicaëlis Berengarii Comitis Redonensis"[121].
     "m (973) ERMENGARDE d'Anjou, daughter of GEOFFROY I "Grisegonelle" Comte d'Anjou & his first wife Adela de Meaux [Vermandois-Carolingian] (before 965-after 982). Rodulfus Glaber records that Conan married the sister of Foulques of Anjou but does not name her[122]. The primary source which confirms her name has not yet been identified."
Med Lands cites:

     Simon I “le Vieux” de Montfort seigneur de Montfort L'Amaury married Unknown (?)
;
His 2nd wife. Per The Henry Project: "GND (Robert of Torigny) viii, 17 (vol. 2, pp. 232-5), which states that there were two wives before Agnes."
GND = Guillaume de Jumièges, Gesta Normannorum Ducum, as edited in Elisabeth van Houts, ed. & trans., The Gesta Normannorum Ducum of William of Jumièges, Orderic Vitalis and Robert of Torigni, 2 vols., (Oxford, 1992). Citation is by book and chapter of Guillaume's work, with the volume and page number of the edition by van Houts in parentheses. Unless otherwise stated, references are to Guillaume's work, and not to later additions by such authors as Orderic Vitalis and Robert de Torigni.^10,2,7,5 Simon I “le Vieux” de Montfort seigneur de Montfort L'Amaury was born circa 1030 at Montfort, Eure, France.^5,6,2 He married Isabeau/Isabelle de Broyes Dame de Nogent, daughter of Hugues I Bardoul de Broyes Seigneur de Broyes Beaufort, Pithiviers et Nogent, circa 1055
;
His 1st wife. Leo van de Pas shows his wife as "Isabel de Broyes."^{1,10,2,7,12,5,13,4,14} Simon I “le Vieux” de Montfort seigneur de Montfort L'Amaury married Agnès d'Évreux, daughter of Richard d'Evreux 2nd Comte d'Evreux and Godehilde (?), before 1070
;
His 3rd wife; Med Lands and Racines et Histoire (Montfortand Evreux pages) say m. bef 1070; Roglo says m. 1060
Per the Henry Project: "GND = Guillaume de Jumièges, Gesta Normannorum Ducum, as edited in Elisabeth van Houts, ed. & trans., The Gesta Normannorum Ducum of William of Jumièges, Orderic Vitalis and Robert of Torigni, 2 vols., (Oxford, 1992). Citation is by book and chapter of Guillaume's work, with the volume and page number of the edition by van Houts in parentheses. Unless otherwise stated, references are to Guillaume's work, and not to later additions by such authors as Orderic Vitalis and Robert de Torigni."
OV = Marjorie Chibnall, ed. & trans., The Ecclesiastical History of Orderic Vitalis, 6 vols. (Oxford, 1969-80).^{1,15,10,2,7,12,4,16,17,18,19}
Simon I “le Vieux” de Montfort seigneur de Montfort L'Amaury died on 25 September 1087; The Henry Project says d. "in or soon after 1087."^{1,10,2,4,6,5,7}
Simon I “le Vieux” de Montfort seigneur de Montfort L'Amaury was buried after 25 September 1087 at Prieure Saint-Thomas, Epernon, Departement d'Eure-et-Loir, Centre, France; From Find A Grave:
     BIRTH     1038, Montfort-l'Amaury, Departement des Yvelines, Île-de-France, France
     DEATH     25 Sep 1087 (aged 48–49), France
     Nobility, third seigneur de Montfort l'Amaury. Born the son of Amaury I de Montfort and Bertrade de Gometz. He was married twice, first to Isabelle de Broyes who bore him three children and second to Agnes de Evreux with whom he had four more.
     Family Members
     Spouses
          Isabelle de Broyes Montfort 1034–1058
          Agnès d'Évreux de Montfort 1030–1116
     Children
          Amaury IV Montfort unknown–1137
          Richard de Montfort 1065–1092
          Bertrade de Montfort 1070–1117
     BURIAL     Prieure Saint-Thomas, Epernon, Departement d'Eure-et-Loir, Centre, France
     Created by: Lutetia
     Added: 23 Apr 2012
     Find a Grave Memorial 89015330.^1,20,7,21
      ; Per Med Lands:
     "AGNES d'Evreux . Orderic Vitalis records that “Radulfus...de Conchis filius Rogerii de Toenia” kidnapped “Agnetem uterinam sororem suam, Ricardi Ebroicensium comitis filiam” by night and married her to “Simoni de Monteforti”, who in exchange granted “filiam eiusdem Simonis...Isabel” to Raoul[683]. In other passages Orderic names her and specifies that she was the daughter of Richard and sister of Guillaume[684]. The date of her marriage is estimated from the marriage of her daughter which is dated to 1089.
     "m ([before 1070]) as his third wife, SIMON Seigneur de Montfort-l'Amaury, son of AMAURY Seigneur de Montfort & his wife Bertrade --- (-25 Sep [1087], bur Epernon)."
Med Lands cites:

; Per Racines et Histoire (Evreux): “Agnès d’Evreux ° 1030/32 (Evreux)
     ép. 1) avant 1070 Simon de Montfort ° ~1025 + 25/09/1087 (fils d’Amauri et de Bertrade de Gometz)
     postérité des comtes d’Evreux de la maison de Montfort ”.¹⁸

; Per Genealogics:
     “Simon was the son of Amaury II, comte de Montfort, and his wife Bertrade/Berteis. He continued the work begun by his father and grandfather, and built the church of Saint-Pierre and the chapel of Saint-Laurent in the village.
     “With his first wife Isabel de Broyes, dame de Nogent, daughter of Hugues Bardoul, seigneur de Broyes et de Pithivers, he had two sons, Amaury II and Simon II, and a daughter Elizabeth who would have progeny, marrying Radulf III de Tosny, sire de Conches.
     “A widower, Simon asked Richard, comte d'Evreux, for the hand of his daughter Agnes, but he was refused (the reason is not recorded). Then Radulf III de Tosny, seigneur de Conches, who was the half-brother of Agnes through their mother Godehildis, widow of his father Roger I Hispanicus, seigneur de Tosny, kidnapped her at night and brought her to Simon; he and Agnes were then married, and from a grateful Simon, Radulf received the hand of Elisabeth, Simon's daughter from his first marriage. Simon and Agnes had four children of whom Amaury III and Bertrade would have progeny, Bertrade with both her husbands, Foulques IV 'Rechin', comte d'Anjou, and Philippe I, king of France.
     “Simon may have been married a third time, but nothing is recorded of this wife, and no progeny is recorded. He died in 1087.”.²

; This is the same person as ”Simon I de Montfort l'Amaury” at The Henry Project.


This is the same person as ”Simon I de Montfort” at Wikipedia and as ”Simon Ier de Montfort” at Wikipédia (FR).^10,22,23

; Per Racines et Histoire (Epernon): “Simon 1er “Le Vieux” de Montfort ° ~1030 + 25/09/1087 seigneur de Montfort”.⁶

; Per Med Lands:
     "SIMON [I] de Montfort, son of AMAURY [I] Seigneur de Montfort & his wife Bertrade --- (-25 Sep [1087], bur Epernon[488]). "Ivo de Curba villa" dedicated "ecclesiæ Sanctorum Martyrum Gervasii et Protasii Cheonis" by charter dated to [1048/61], witnessed by “...Amalricus de Sparnoto, Simon et Mainerius filii eius...”[489]. "Amalricus miles" founded the priory of Saint-Thomas d’Epernon, with the consent of "conjugis mee…Bertredis…et filiorum meorum…Simonis…atque Mainerii", by charter dated [11 Apr 1052/Jul 1053][490]. He succeeded his father as Seigneur de Montfort and completed the construction of the castle known as Montfort-l'Amaury which was started by his father[491]. "…Simon de Monte forti…" witnessed the charter dated 29 May 1067 under which Philippe I King of France confirmed the possessions of Saint-Martin-des-Champs[492]. Orderic Vitalis records the death of “Simon de Monteforti, gener Ricardi comitis Ebroicensium”, dated to 1087 from the context[493]. "Mainerium, fratrem Symonis de Monte Forti" donated property, with the consent of "Simone fratre eius comiteque Belli Montis Ivonis", by charter dated to before 1091, which also names "domnus Simon, filio suo Amalrico"[494].
     "m firstly ISABELLE de Broyes dame de Nogent-le-Roi, daughter of HUGUES [I] "Bardoul" de Broyes & his [first wife ---]. Her parentage and marriage are confirmed by a charter dated 1160 under which Louis VII King of France confirmed donations to the abbey of Colombs near Nogent, including donations made by "Hugo…Bardulfus…et Simon de Monteforti gener eius et successor"[495]. The primary source which confirms her name has not been identified. The Historia of Monk Aimon records that "dominam de Novigento" married the lord of "Montifortem et Sparnomum", although the passage is confused as it appears to refer to the paternal grandparents of Simon, husband of Isabelle[496].
     "m secondly ---. The primary source which confirms her marriage has not been identified.
     "m thirdly ([before 1070]) AGNES d'Evreux, daughter of RICHARD Comte d'Evreux [Normandie] & his wife Godechildis ---. Orderic Vitalis records that “Radulfus...de Conchis filius Rogerii de Toenia” kidnapped “Agnetem uterinam sororem suam, Ricardi Ebroicensium comitis filiam” by night and married her to “Simoni de Monteforti”, who in exchange granted “filiam eiusdem Simonis...Isabel” to Raoul[497]. In other passages he names her and specifies that she was the daughter of Richard and sister of Guillaume[498]. The date of her marriage is estimated from the marriage of her daughter which is dated to 1089."
Med Lands cites:

Reference: Genealogics cites: Les seize quartiers des Reines et Imperatrices Francaises. 1977., Jacques Saillot, Reference: 183.²⁴ GAV-25 EDV-25 GKJ-26.

; Per Genealogy.EU (Montfort): “A2. Simon sn de Montfort-l'Amaury, +1087; 1m: ca 1055 Isabel de Broyes, Dame de Nogent; 2m: Csse Agnes d'Evreux”.²⁵

; Per Racines et Histoire (Montfort): “Simon 1er “le Vieux” de Montfort ° ~1030 + 25/09/1087 (inh. à Epernon) seigneur de Montfort (~1060) (charte de Philippe 1er du 29/05/1067 à Saint-Martin-des-Champs ; charte de Louis VII en 1160 pour Coulombs)
     ép. 1) ~1055 Isabelle de Broyes, dame de Nogent-Le-Roi (Broyes, près Nogent-le-Roi) ° ~1034 (fille d’Hugues 1er «Bardoul», seigneur de Broyes, Capitaine de Montfort, et d’Alvidis)
     ép. 2) ?
     ép. 3) avant 1070 Agnès d’Evreux ° ~1030/42 (fille de Richard, comte d’Evreux et de Godehilde (Godechildis) de Tosny ; demi-soeur de Raoul, son gendre ; veuve de Guillaume de Beny, seigneur de Conches)”.¹²

; Per Racines et Histoire (Beynes): “Simon 1er de Montfort + 1087 fonde 1072 le Prieuré Saint-Laurent de Montfort
     ép.1) Elisabeth, dame de Nogent (fille d’Hugues Bardoul)
     ép.2) Agnès d’Evreux (fille de Richard, comte d’Evreux)”.⁴

; Per Genealogy.EU (Broyes 1): “C3. Isabeau de Broyes; m.ca 1055 Simon de Montfort (+1087)”.²⁶

; Per Med Lands:
     "ISABELLE de Broyes . Her parentage and marriage are confirmed by a charter dated 1160 under which Louis VII King of France confirmed donations to the abbey of Colombs near Nogent, including donations made by "Hugo…Bardulfus…et Simon de Monteforti gener eius et successor"[44]. The primary source which confirms her name has not yet been identified. Dame de Nogent-le-Roi.
     "m as his first wife, SIMON Seigneur de Montfort-l'Amaury, son of AMAURY de Montfort & his wife Bertrade --- (-25 Sep [1087], bur Epernon)."
Med Lands cites:

; Per Racines et Histoire (Broyes): “Isabelle (Elisabeth, Isabeau) de Broyes ° ~1034/35 dame de Nogent
     ép. ~1055 Simon 1er «Le Vieux» de Montfort ° ~1030 + 25/09/1087 seigneur de Montfort (fils d’Amauri de Montfort et de Bertrade)”.²⁷

     Adelaide (Adela, Blanche) (?) d'Anjou, Countess of Toulouse was born between 942 and 947 at Anjou, France.^1,3,9 She married Etienne I de Brioude Comte de Gévaudan, vicomte-abbé de Brioude, son of Bertrand (?) vicomte de Gévaudan and Emilde/Emilgarde (?) de Brioude, circa 955
;
Her 1st husband. His 2nd wife.
     Genealogics says m. bef 960; Wikipedia says m. c 955; Med Lands says m. 950/960.^{1,5,3,10,11,12,13} Adelaide (Adela, Blanche) (?) d'Anjou, Countess of Toulouse married Raimond V (?) Comte de Toulouse, son of Raimund IV (?) comte de Toulouse and Emilde/Emnilde (?) de Rouerge, circa 975
;
Her 2nd husband.^{14,15,16,3,12,11} Adelaide (Adela, Blanche) (?) d'Anjou, Countess of Toulouse married Louis V "le Fainéant" (?) King of the West Franks, son of Lothair IV (?) King of the West Franks and Emma (?) d'Arles, Queen of the Franks, in 982 at Vieille-Brioude, Haute-Loire, Haute-Loire, France (now),
; her 3rd husband; his 2nd wife.^{17,1,2,3,18,19,12} Adelaide (Adela, Blanche) (?) d'Anjou, Countess of Toulouse and Louis V "le Fainéant" (?) King of the West Franks were divorced in 984.^17,1,3 Adelaide (Adela, Blanche) (?) d'Anjou, Countess of Toulouse married Guillaume II 'le Liberateur' de Taillefer (?) Cte d'Arles et Provence, Toulouse, son of Boson II (?) Comte d'Avignon et Arles, Cte de Provence and Constance (?) de Provence, between 984 and 986
;
Her 4th husband; his 2nd wife.^{1,20,2,21,3,22}
Adelaide (Adela, Blanche) (?) d'Anjou, Countess of Toulouse died on 29 May 1026 at Avignon, Departement du Vaucluse, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France (now); Bunot says d. aft 1026.^{23,1,20,5,3,10,24}
Adelaide (Adela, Blanche) (?) d'Anjou, Countess of Toulouse was buried after 29 May 1026 at Abbaye de Montmajour, Arles, Departement des Bouches-du-Rhône, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France (now); From Find A Grave:
     BIRTH     940, France
     DEATH     1026 (aged 85–86), Avignon, Departement du Vaucluse, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France
     Adelaide called the White, was the daughter of Fulk II of Anjou and Gerberga of Maine. She was therefore the sister of Geoffrey Greymantle. She was married five times to some of France's most important noblemen.
     Her first marriage, probably before 960, was to Stephen, Viscount of Gévaudan. Her second marriage was to Raymond III, Count of Toulouse and Prince of Gothia, in 975. He died in 978.
     In 982, she married Louis, the young son of Lothair of France, and the two were jointly crowned Monarchs of Aquitaine on the same day at Brioude. The large difference in age between the spouses was cause for a quick divorce in 984.
She fled then to Arles, where she contracted, against papal advice, a marriage with William I of Provence in 984. She gave him a daughter, Constance of Arles, who later married Robert II of France.
     Her final marriage was to Otto-William, Duke of Burgundy.
     Her children with Stephen:
     Her children with William I of Provence:
     Adelaide died in 1026, aged approximately eighty-six. The location of her death was probably at Avignon, since the year of her death is recorded by Arnoux, a monk of the abbey of Saint-André, near Avignon. She was buried in Montmajour Abbey, near Arles, considered at the time as the burial place of the family of counts of Provence.
     Family Members
     Parents
          Fulk II of Anjou 909–960
          Gerberge du Maine 913–952
     Spouses
          Louis V King of France 967–987
          William I Taillefer 950–993
     Siblings
          Geoffroy I de Anjou unknown–987
     Children
          Constance d'Arles unknown–1032
     BURIAL     Abbaye de Montmajour, Arles, Departement des Bouches-du-Rhône, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France
     Created by: Kat
     Added: 6 Jul 2013
     Find A Grave Memorial 113422258
     SPONSORED BY Billie Jasper.²⁵
     ; Per Med Lands:
     "GUGLIELMO di Ivrea, son of ADALBERTO II associate-King of Italy & his wife Gerberge [de Chalon] ([960/62]-Dijon 21 Sep 1026, bur Dijon, Abbaye de Saint-Bénigne). Rodulfus Glaber names "Willemus, Henrici ducis priuignus, Adalberti Longobardorum ducis filius" and records that, as a boy, he was secretly stolen from the land of the Lombards and restored to his mother "with no small cunning by a certain monk"[60]. "Einricus…imperator" confirmed the property of the abbey of Fruttuaria, referring to property donated by "Otto qui et Vuillielmus comes filius Adalberti nepos Berengarii regis", by charter dated 1014[61]. It is assumed therefore that Guillaume was imprisoned as a child by Emperor Otto I in Italy after his father and paternal grandfather were deposed as kings of Italy. The Chronicle of Saint-Bénigne, interpolated into the Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines, names "Guilelmum Ottonem et eius matrem Gerbergam" when recording that he was adopted by his mother's second husband "dux Burgundie Henricus"[62]. He adopted the name OTHON-GUILLAUME. He succeeded in [981] as Comte de Mâcon, by right of his first wife. He was declared heir to the duchy of Burgundy and installed as Comte de Nevers by his stepfather in 986. He was recognised as duke of Burgundy on the death of his stepfather in 1002, but deprived of his inheritance by Robert II King of France in Spring 1003 when the latter invaded Burgundy with troops lent by Richard II Duke of Normandy. Rodulfus Glaber records that "Willemus, Henrici ducis priuignus, Adalberti Longobardorum ducis filius" rebelled against the king [Robert II] on one occasion, supported by his son-in-law Landry Comte de Nevers[63]. "Comes Otto" donated property to Saint-Bénigne-de-Dijon for the souls of "Heinrici ducis qui eum loco filii adoptavit et genetricis sue Gerberge uxoris predicti ducis ac filii sui Widonis et Hermintrudis coniugis" by charter dated 1004[64]. Comte Othon continued to claim the duchy of Burgundy, but reconciled himself with the king of France in 1005, finally renouncing his claims in 1015. He was designated comes Burgundiæ[65], presumably a descriptive title with no precise territorial significance at that time although Othon did own extensive territories in Burgundy. “Comes Octo cognomento Vuillelmus” donated property “mihi secundum parentum successionem...infra alpes Pinninarum et flumen Padum et flumen Duriæ Bauticæ quod iuxta urbem Euoreiam” to Fruttuaria monastery, for the souls of “meæ et uxoris et filiorum et filiarum”, by charter dated 28 Oct 1019[66]. The Chronicle of St Bénigne de Dijon records the death in 1027 of "Otto qui et Willelmus dictus est comes" and his burial at St Bénigne[67]. The memorial on the tomb of "Nobiliter natus Guillelmus et Otho vocatus" records his death "1027 XI Kal Oct"[68]. The necrology of Autun Saint-Martin records the death “XVI Id Dec” of “Guillelmus dux Burgundie, anno 1025”[69].
     "m firstly (before [981/82]) as her second husband, ERMENTRUDE, widow of AUBRY [II] Comte de Mâcon, daughter of RAGENOLD Comte de Roucy & his wife Alberade of Lotharingia ([947/52]-[5 Oct 1002/1004]). "Ermentrudis" is named as daughter of "Alberada filia …Gerbergæ" in the Continuator of Flodoard, which does not name either her father or her husband but specifies that Ermentrude was the mother of Agnes[70], the latter naming both her parents in charters (see below). Bouchard highlights the absence of proof that the husband of Alberade of Lotharingia was Ragenold Comte de Roucy[71]. Her birth date is estimated from her son by her first marriage being named in 971. "Ermentrudis conjuge sua" consented to the donation of land "in Aponiaco villa" by "Albericus comes Matisconensis" to Cluny by charter dated 14 Jan 971[72]. The genealogy of the Comtes de Mâcon, included in the cartulary of Saint-Vincent de Mâcon, records the marriage of "dominus Guillelmus comes" with the wife of "Albericus filius Letaudi comitis"[73]. Rodulfus Glaber states that "Willemus, Henrici ducis priuignus, Adalberti Longobardorum ducis filius" married the sister of "Brunone Lingonensi episcopo" who supported him in his rebellion against the king [Robert II][74]. "Otto comes, Irvis comitissa" subscribed a charter dated to [994] under which "Milo…uxoris mee Ermengarde" donated property to Cluny[75]. It is assumed that "Irvis" is a copyist error or abbreviation for "Ermentrudis" as no other reference to a countess of this name has been found. Her date of death is indicated by the Chronicle of St Bénigne de Dijon which records a donation by "Otto comes cognomento Willelmus" with "filii eius Rainaldi" dated 1004 "pro anima Hinrici Ducis, qui eum loco filii adoptavit et genitricis sue Gerberge uxoris predicti Ducis, ac filii sui Widonis et Hermintrudis coniugis"[76]. This is presumably the donation recorded in the charter dated 1004 under which "Comes Otto" donated property to Saint-Bénigne-de-Dijon for the souls of "Heinrici ducis qui eum loco filii adoptavit et genetricis sue Gerberge uxoris predicti ducis ac filii sui Widonis et Hermintrudis coniugis"[77].
     "m secondly (before 1016) ADELAIS, daughter of --- (-29 May 1026, bur Montmajour, near Arles). "Otto comes et uxor mea Adila" donated property to Saint-Vincent de Mâcon by two charters dated to 1015 or before (during the reign of Robert I King of France) both subscribed by "Rainaldi filii sui"[78]. "Otto comes et uxor mea Adeleidis et filius meus Rainaldus atque Otto nepos meus" donated property to Cluny by charter dated to [1015][79]. "Otto comes qui nominatur Willelmus" issued a charter dated 2 Nov 1023 subscribed by "Raynardi comitis, Adheleydis uxoris eius"[80]. The origin of Otto-Guillaume's second wife is not known with certainty. Most secondary source genealogies assume that she was Adelais [Blanche] d'Anjou, widow firstly of Etienne de Brioude, widow secondly of Raymond Comte de Toulouse, divorced wife thirdly of Louis V King of the Franks, widow fourthly of Guillaume [II] Comte de Provence, daughter of Foulques II "le Bon" Comte d’Anjou & his first wife Gerberge ---. Adelais's supposed fifth marriage is deduced from the following: Count Othon-Guillaume's wife is named Adelais in several charters[81], and Pope Benedict VIII refers to "domnæ Adeleidi comitissæ cognomento Blanchæ" with "nuruique eius domnæ Gerbergæ comitissæ" when addressing her supposed husband[82], Gerberga presumably being Count Othon-Guillaume's daughter by his first wife who was the widow of Adelaide-Blanche d’Anjou's son by her fourth husband. However, the document in question appears not to specify that "domnæ Adeleidi…" was the wife of Othon Guillaume and the extracts seen (the full text has not yet been consulted) do not permit this conclusion to be drawn. It is perfectly possible that Adelais-Blanche was named in the letter only in reference to her relationship to Othon Guillaume’s daughter. If her fifth marriage is correct, Adelais would have been considerably older than her new husband, and probably nearly sixty years old when she married (Othon-Guillaume's first wife died in [1002/04]), which seems unlikely. Another difficulty is presented by three entries dated 1018, 1024 and 1026 which appear to link Adelais to Provence while, if the fifth marriage was correct, she would have been with her husband (whose death is recorded in Sep 1026) in Mâcon. These entries are: firstly, "Adalax comitissa mater Villelmi quondam Provintie comitis et Geriberga eque comitissa…eiusdem principis olim uxor" donated property to Saint-Victor de Marseille for the soul of their late son and husband respectively by charter dated 1018[83]; secondly, "Vuilelmus filius Rodbaldi" donated property "in comitatu Aquense in valle…Cagnanam" to Marseille Saint-Victor by charter dated 1024, signed by "Adalaiz comitissa, Vuilelmus comes filius Rodbaldi"[84]; and thirdly, a manuscript written by Arnoux, monk at Saint-André-lès-Avignon, records the death in 1026 of "Adalax comitissa"[85]. The necrology of Saint-Pierre de Mâcon records the death "IV Kal Jun" of "Adalasia comitissa vocata regali progenie orta"[86]."
Med Lands cites:
; Per Genealogy.EU (Ivrea 1): “E1. Othon Guillaume, adopted by his stepfather, whereby he became Cte de Bourgogne (995-1026), Cte de Nevers (980-989), Cte de Besançon (982-1026), Cte de Mâcon (982-1006), pretender to the Duchy of Bourgogne (1002-05); *958/9, +21.9.1026; 1m: 975/980 Ermentrude de Roucy (*ca 950 +1002/5), dau.of Ragenold de Roucy; 2m: before 1016 Adelaide=Blanche d'Anjou (+1026); all kids were by 1m.”.²⁷

; Per Genealogics:
     "Adelaide also called Blanche, was born about 947, the daughter of Foulques II 'the Good', comte d'Anjou, and Gerberge de Tours. She was therefore the sister of Geoffrey I 'Greymantle', who succeeded his father as comte d'Anjou. She was married five times to some of France's most important noblemen.
     "Her first marriage, probably before 960, was to Etienne, comte de Gévaudan, son of Bertrand de Gévaudan and Emilgarde. Of their three children Pons and Almodis would have progeny. Her second marriage, in about 975, was to Raimond V, comte de Toulouse and prince of Gothia, the son of Raimond IV, comte de Toulouse. Raimond V died at Garazo in battle about 978.
     "Between 979 and 982 Adelaide married Louis, the young son of Lothar I, king of France, and the two were jointly crowned monarchs of Aquitaine on their wedding day at Brioude. The large difference in age between the spouses was cause for a quick divorce in 984. There was no progeny.
     "Adelaide fled to Arles, where between 984 and 986 she contracted, against papal advice, a marriage with Guillaume II 'le Liberateur', comte de Provence et Arles, son of Boso II, comte d'Avignon et Arles, and Constance de Provence. Their son Guillaume III and their daughter Constance both would have progeny. Constance would marry Robert II 'le Pieux', king of France. Shortly before his death in 994 Guillaume II entered a monastery.
     "Some sources give 990 as the year of Adelaide's death, others give 1026, when her last husband died."¹⁰



Reference: Genealogics cites:

; This is the same person as ”Adélaïde/Alix (Adelaidis, Alaiz, Adelax, Alaicis) alias Blanche (Blanca, Candida) of Anjou” at The Henry Project.²⁸

; Per Wikipedia:
     "Adelaide-Blanche of Anjou at an unknown age (c.? 940 –1026) was the countess consort by marriage of Gévaudan and Forez, of Toulouse, of Provence, and of Burgundy; and queen consort of Aquitaine. She was the regent of Gevaudan during the minority of her sons in the 960s, and the regent of Provence during the minority of her stepson from 994 until 999.
Life
     "She was the daughter of Fulk II, Count of Anjou, and Gerberga, and sister of Geoffrey Greymantle.[1] She successfully increased Angevin fortunes, being married a total of five times.[2] Her family had become upwardly mobile to the point that, as a member of just the third generation from Ingelger, Adelaide-Blanche had married into the highest ranks of the older nobility of western Francia.[2]
     "Her first marriage was to Stephen, the powerful Count of Gévaudan[3] and Forez in eastern Aquitaine.[4] She was no more than fifteen at the time[5] and he was much older. Still, they had three children who survived to adulthood.[4] Stephen died in the early 960s[4] and after his death she ruled the lands as regent for her sons William, Pons and Bertrand.[6] She continued to govern Gevaudan and Forez while her remaining two sons learned to rule their father's counties.[6] Additionally, after her oldest son William's death in 975 she raised his infant son Stephen.[6] Her brother Guy (a.k.a. Guido II) was made Count-Bishop of le Puy in 975 amidst local opposition and at his request Adelaide, acting for her sons Guy and Bertrand, led an army to aid him in establishing the "Peace of God" in le Puy.[6]
     "In 982, as the widow of her second husband, Raymond, count of Toulouse, she wed Louis, son of King Lothair of France.[7] The two were crowned King and Queen of Aquitaine at Brioude by her brother Bishop Guy of le Puy.[7] The marriage lasted just over a year due to the couple being unable to peacefully live together.[7] There was also a significant age difference—he being fifteen and Adelaide-Blanche being over forty.[7] Adelaide found herself in a precarious situation with King Lothair but was rescued by Count William I of Provence[b][8] whom she subsequently married in c.?984.[9] Count William of Provence died in 994 shortly after becoming a monk at Avignon.[10]
     "In 1010 king Robert II of France along with Odo II, Count of Blois went to Rome to secure an annulment from Robert's second wife, Constance of Arles, Adelaide-Blanche's daughter by William I. Pope Sergius IV, a friend to the Angevin counts, upheld the marriage and additionally upheld Adelaide's struggle to maintain control of lands at Montmajour Abbey.[11] These lands, at Perth, had been donated by Count William I of Provence with his wife Adelaide-Blanche, as well as by a previous donation by William's father, Boson.[12] A dispute over these lands arose by four brothers, sons of Nevolongus, who pope Sergius threatened with excommunication if they did not withdraw their claim.[12] The claim was withdrawn and the lands remained under the control of Adelaide-Blanche acting as regent for her son William II of Provence.[12]
     "It has been suggested that she married a fifth time, to Otto-William, Count of Burgundy, whose second wife was named Adelaide.[13][14] However, it is disputed whether his wife Adelaide was the same as Adelaide-Blanche.[15][16]
     "Adelaide-Blanche died in 1026, aged approximately eighty-six.[3] The location of her death was probably at Avignon, since the year of her death is recorded by Arnoux, a monk of the abbey of Saint-André, near Avignon. She was buried in Montmajour Abbey, near Arles, considered at the time as the burial place of the family of counts of Provence.
Marriages and children
     "She married first, c.? 955, Stephen, Count of Gévaudan.[17][18] Children of this marriage were:
     "Her second marriage was to Raymond III, Count of Toulouse and Prince of Gothia,[2] in 975. He died in 978. She had by him at least one child:
     "She married, as her third husband, Louis V of France. The two were crowned King and Queen of Aquitaine, but the marriage ended in annulment.[7][18]
     "As her fourth husband she married, c.?984, William I of Provence[10][18] Together they had:
Notes
a. The majority of historians refer to her as Adélaïde d'Anjou, for example see Stasser (1997). Bernard Bachrach refers to her as Adelaide-Blanch throughout his book Fulk Nerra (1993), and in his article 'Henry II and the Angevin Tradition', Albion, 16, 2, (1984), p. 117 n. 35 in writing of Ermengarde-Gerberga of Anjou states that Angevins were known to give daughters two names, giving her aunt Adelaide-Blanche (the subject of this article) as an example, without explaining that his novel theory has no contemporary documentation. Constance Bouchard, in Those of My Blood (2001) consistently refers to her as Adelaide-Blanche, parroting Bachrach. In Europäische Stammtafeln (citations below) she is correctly called either Adelaide or Adelaide (Blanche). At least two chronicles, the Chronicle S. Albin and the Chronicle S. Maxent. call her Blanche, See: Norgate, Eng. Under the Angevin Kings, Vol. 1 (1887), p. 191. In the work Rodulfi Glabri Historiarum libri quinque, Ed. & Trans. John France (2002), on pp. 16–17 n. 5 she is referred to as "Adelaide, also called Blanche" while on pp. 106–7 n. 5 she is called "Adelaide-Blanche." Also see the reference to the letter by pope Benedict VIII addressing her as Countess Adelaide, "cognomento Blanche" in the note below. The name Adelaide-Blanche has clearly become the preferred version of her name among a subset of modern historians. Nevertheless Adelaide-Blanche was not her contemporary name; her given name was Adelaide and the "pet" name/nickname used by her closest family and friends was Blanche. At the height of her political power, she is explicitly named as the still living 'Adelaix' in a 992 charter of her son William III and his wife Emma.
b. Rodulfus Glaber had a somewhat different version. That Lothar's son Louis was wed to a woman from Aquitaine (Adelaide also called Blanche), and she wanting a separation and being a clever woman lured her young husband to Aquitaine where she deserted him and returned to her own family; that it was Lewis who was rescued by his father king Lothar. See: Rodulfi Glabri Historiarum libri quinque, Ed. & Trans. John France (2002), on pp. 16–17 & n. 5.
References
1. Detlev Schwennicke, Europäische Stammtafeln: Stammtafeln zur Geschichte der Europäischen Staaten, Neue Folge, Band III Teilband 1 (Verlag von J. A. Stargardt, Marburg, Germany, 1984), Tafel 116
2. Constance Brittain Bouchard, Those of My Blood: Constructing Noble Families in Medieval Francia (University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia, 2001), p. 23
3. Detlev Schwennicke, Europäische Stammtafeln: Stammtafeln zur Geschichte der Europäischen Staaten, Neue Folge, Band II (Verlag von J. A. Stargardt, Marburg, Germany, 1984), Tafel 1
4. Bernard S. Bachrach, 'The Idea of the Angevin Empire', Albion: A Quarterly Journal Concerned with British Studies, Vol. 10, No. 4 (Winter,1978), p. 296
5. Bernard S. Bachrach, Fulk Nerra the Neo-Roman Consul, 987-1040 (University of California Press, 1993), p. 9
6. Jerome Kroll, Bernard S. Bachrach, Medieval Dynastic Decisions: Evolutionary Biology and Historical Explanation, The Journal of Interdisciplinary History, Vol. 21, No. 1 (Summer, 1990), p. 9
7. Bernard S. Bachrach, Fulk Nerra the Neo-Roman Consul, 987-1040 (University of California Press, 1993), p. 15
8. Bernard S. Bachrach, Fulk Nerra the Neo-Roman Consul, 987-1040 (University of California Press, 1993), p. 51
9. Kate Norgate, England under the Angevin Kings, Volume 1 (Macmillan & Co., London & New York, 1887), p. 191
10. Detlev Schwennicke, Europäische Stammtafeln: Stammtafeln zur Geschichte der Europäischen Staaten, Neue Folge, Band II (Verlag von J. A. Stargardt, Marburg, Germany, 1984), Tafel 187
11. Bernard S. Bachrach, Fulk Nerra the Neo-Roman Consul, 987-1040 (University of California Press, 1993), p. 115
12. F de Marin de Carranrais, L'Abbaye de Montmajour. E'tude historique, etc. (Marseille, 1877), pp. 33–4
13. Constance B. Bouchard, Those of My Blood (2001), pp. 24–5; Constance B. Bouchard, "The Origins of the French Nobility: A Reassessment", The American Historical Review, Vol. 86, No. 3 (Jun., 1981), p. 516 n. 42; Bouchard, Sword, Miter, and Cloister: Nobility and the Church in Burgundy, 980-1198, (1987), p. 270.
14. Detlev Schwennicke, Europäische Stammtafeln: Stammtafeln zur Geschichte der Europäischen Staaten, Neue Folge, Band II (Verlag von J. A. Stargardt, Marburg, Germany, 1984), Tafel 59
15. Thierry Stasser, "Adélaïde d'Anjou, sa famille, ses unions, sa descendance - Etat de las question", Le Moyen Age 103 (1997): 9-52
16. Christian Settipani, La Noblesse du Midi Carolingien (Prosopographia et Genealogica 5, 2004), p. 313, note 2
17. Bernard S. Bachrach, Fulk Nerra the Neo-Roman Consul, 987-1040 (University of California Press, 1993), pp. 8,9
18. Rodulfus Glaber, The Five Books of the Histories, ed. & trans. John France (Oxford: The Clarendon Press, 1989), p. 107 n. 5
19. Detlev Schwennicke, Europäische Stammtafeln: Stammtafeln zur Geschichte der Europäischen Staaten, Neue Folge, Band III Teilband 4 (Verlag von J. A. Stargardt, Marburg, Germany, 1989), Tafel 819
Sources
** Thierry Stasser, "Adélaïde d'Anjou, sa famille, ses unions, sa descendance - État de la question", Le Moyen Age 103 (1997): 9-52
External links
** Medieval Lands Project on Adelaide of Anjou: http://sbaldw.home.mindspring.com/hproject/prov/adela000.htm
** Baldwin, Stewart, FASG, Adélaïde/Alix alias Blanche of Anjou, Henry Project: http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/ANJOU,%20MAINE.htm#AdelaisM1M2LouisVFranksdied987M3M4.¹¹ "



; Per Genealogy.EU: "Adelaide dit Alix dit Blanche, *ca 942, +1026; 1m: Cte Etienne de Gevaudan (+979); 2m: 982 (div 984) King Louis V of the West Franks (+987); 3m: 984/6 Ct William I of Arles (*ca 955 +by 998); 4m: before 1016 Othon Guillaume, Cte de Mâcon et de Nevers, Ct in Burgundy (+1026.)¹"

GAV-27 EDV-27 GKJ-28.

; Per Med Lands:
     "ADELAIS [Blanche] d'Anjou ([940/50]-[29 May 1026, bur Montmajour, near Arles]). Her parentage and first marriage are confirmed by the Chronicle of Saint-Pierre du Puy which names "comes Gaufridus cognomento Grisogonella…Pontius et Bertrandus eius nepotes…matre eorum Adalaide sorore ipsius"[60], the brothers Pons and Bertrand being confirmed in other sources as the sons of Etienne de Brioude (for example the charter dated 1000 under which "duo germani fratres…Pontius, alter Bertrandus" donated property to Saint-Chaffre for the souls of "patris sui Stephani matrisque nomine Alaicis")[61]. Adelais's second and third marriages are confirmed by Richer who records the marriage of Louis and "Adelaidem, Ragemundi nuper defuncti ducis Gothorum uxorem" and their coronation as king and queen of Aquitaine[62]. The Chronicon Andegavensi names "Blanchiam filiam Fulconis Boni comitis Andegavensis" as wife of the successor of "Lotharius rex Francorum", but confuses matters by stating that the couple were parents of "filiam Constantiam" wife of Robert II King of France[63]. The Chronicle of Saint-Maxence names "Blanchiam" as the wife of "Lotharius rex…Ludovicum filium" but does not give her origin[64]. She was crowned Queen of Aquitaine with her third husband on the day of their marriage. The Libro de Otiis Imperialibus names "Blanchiam" as wife of "Ludovicus puer [filius Lotharii]"[65]. Rodulfus Glaber refers to the unnamed wife of "Ludowicum" as "ab Aquitanis partibus uxorem", recounting that she tricked him into travelling to Aquitaine where "she left him and attached herself to her own family"[66]. Richer records her marriage with "Wilelmum Arelatensem" after her divorce from Louis[67]. Her fourth marriage is confirmed by the Historia Francorum which names "Blanca sorore Gaufridi comitis Andegavensis" as wife of "Guillelmi comitis Arelatensis"[68]. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "Blanche comitisse Arelatensis" as mother of "Constantia [uxor Robertus rex]", specifying that she was "soror Gaufridi Grisagonelli"[69]. The Gesta Consulum Andegavorum names "Blanca sorore eius" ("eius" referring incorrectly to Foulques III "Nerra" Comte d'Anjou) as wife of "Guillelmi Arelatensis comitis" and as mother of Constance, wife of Robert II King of France[70]. "Adalaiz comitissa" donated property to Saint-Victor de Marseille by charter dated 1003[71]. This charter is subscribed by "Emma comitissa…Wilelmus comes", the second of whom was presumably the son of Adelais but the first of whom has not been identified. "Pontius…Massiliensis ecclesie pontifex" issued a charter dated 1005 with the consent of "domni Rodhbaldi comitis et domne Adalaizis comitisse, domnique Guillelmi comitis filii eius"[72]. "Adalax comitissa mater Villelmi quondam Provintie comitis et Geriberga eque comitissa…eiusdem principis olim uxor" donated property to Saint-Victor de Marseille for the soul of their late son and husband respectively by charter dated 1018 (this document makes no mention of Adelais’s supposed fifth husband)[73]. No explanation has been found for her having been named Adelais in some sources and Blanche in others: it is difficult to interpret all these documents to mean that they referred to two separate individuals. Adelais's supposed fifth marriage is deduced from the following: Count Othon-Guillaume's second wife is named Adelais in several charters[74], and Pope Benedict VIII refers to "domnæ Adeleidi comitissæ cognomento Blanchæ" with "nuruique eius domnæ Gerbergæ comitissæ" when addressing her supposed husband in a document dated Sep 1016[75], Gerberga presumably being Count Othon-Guillaume's daughter by his first wife who was the widow of Adelais-Blanche d’Anjou's son by her fourth husband. However, the document in question appears not to specify that "domnæ Adeleidi…" was the wife of Othon Guillaume and the extracts seen (the full text has not yet been consulted) do not permit this conclusion to be drawn. It is perfectly possible that the Pope named Adelais-Blanche in the letter only in reference to her relationship to Othon Guillaume’s daughter. If her fifth marriage is correct, Adelais would have been considerably older than her new husband, and probably nearly sixty years old when she married (Othon-Guillaume's first wife died in [1002/04]), which seems unlikely. Another difficulty is presented by three entries dated 1018, 1024 and 1026 which appear to link Adelais to Provence while, if the fifth marriage was correct, she would have been with her husband (whose death is recorded in Sep 1026) in Mâcon. These entries are: firstly, "Adalax comitissa mater Villelmi quondam Provintie comitis et Geriberga eque comitissa…eiusdem principis olim uxor" donated property to Saint-Victor de Marseille for the soul of their late son and husband respectively by charter dated 1018[76]; secondly, "Vuilelmus filius Rodbaldi" donated property "in comitatu Aquense in valle…Cagnanam" to Marseille Saint-Victor by charter dated 1024, signed by "Adalaiz comitissa, Vuilelmus comes filius Rodbaldi"[77]; and thirdly, a manuscript written by Arnoux, monk at Saint-André-lès-Avignon, records the death in 1026 of "Adalax comitissa"[78]. The necrology of Saint-Pierre de Mâcon records the death "IV Kal Jun" of "Adalasia comitissa vocata regali progenie orta"[79]. An enquiry dated 2 Jan 1215 records that "comitissa Blanca" was buried "apud Montem Majorem"[80].
     "m firstly ([950/60]) as his second wife, ETIENNE de Brioude, son of BERTRAND --- & his wife Emilgarde [Emilde] --- (-before [970/75]).
     "m secondly ([970/75]) RAYMOND IV Comte de Toulouse, son of RAYMOND III Comte de Toulouse & his wife Gundinildis --- ([945/55]-killed "Carazo" [972/79]).
     "m thirdly (Vieux-Brioude, Haute-Loire 982, divorced 984) LOUIS associate King of the Franks, son of LOTHAIRE King of the Franks & Emma d'Arles [Italy] ([966/67]-Compiègne 21 May 987, bur Compiègne, église collégiale de Saint-Corneille). Crowned King of Aquitaine the day of his marriage in 982. He succeeded his father in 986 as LOUIS V King of the Franks.
     "m fourthly ([984/86]) as his second wife, GUILLAUME [II] "le Libérateur" Comte d'Arles Marquis de Provence, son of BOSON [II] Comte d'Arles & his wife Constantia [de Vienne] ([955]-Avignon 993 after 29 Aug, bur Sarrians, église de Sainte-Croix).
     "[m fifthly (before 1016) as his second wife, OTHON GUILLAUME Comte de Mâcon et de Nevers [Bourgogne-Comté], son of ADALBERTO associate-King of Italy & his wife Gerberge de Chalon ([960/62]-Dijon 21 Sep 1026).]"
Med Lands cites:
; Per Med Lands:
     "GUILLAUME [II] “le Libérateur”, son of BOSON Comte [d´Arles] & his wife Constantia --- ([955]-Avignon 993 after 29 Aug, bur Sarrians, église de Sainte-Croix). "Boso comes et uxor sua Constantia…illorum filii…Willelmus comes, Rotbaldus comes, Pontius juvenis" signed the charter dated May [963] under which "Gencius et uxor mea Aiburga" donated property "in pago Aquense superiore ad castrum…Ansoyse" to Monmajour[215]. The order of birth of the two older sons of Boson is unclear. The May [963] charter suggests that Guillaume was his older son. However, the name order is reversed inthe charter dated Mar 965 under which "eius filio Rothboldo et fratre eius Wilelmo comite" consented to the charter of "Bosoni comitis, filii Rothboldi quondam"[216], which suggests that Rotbald was older. Comte de Provence, charters showing that both he and his brother Rotbald were recorded as counts during the same period, although it is not known whether this was a joint countship or whether there was a geographical split between their jurisdictions. Marquis de Provence. "Vuilelmus marchius Arelatense Provintie" donated property "in comitatu Avinionense, in agro Rupiano, in loco…la Lona" to Saint-Victor, Marseille by charter dated 17 Apr 979, signed by "Arsinda comitissa"[217]. "Willelmus comes" donated property to Cluny by charter dated 28 Aug [990] signed by "Rodbaldus comes, Adalaix comitissa, Wilelmus comes et filius eius Wilelmus"[218]. "Dominus princeps et marchio istius provinciæ…Willelmus cum coniuge sua…Adelaix et filio suo…Willelmo" restored property to the abbey of Saint-Césaire d´Arles by charter dated 992, subscribed by "Domnus Rotbaldus comes…Willelmus comes filius Rotbaldi et uxor sua Lucia, Wilelmus comes Tolosanus et uxor sua Ema…"[219]. He became a monk.
     "m firstly (before Apr 970) ARSINDE, daughter of --- (-after 17 Apr 979). "Wilelmus comes Provincie et coniunx mea Arsinna" donated property to Saint-Victor de Marseille by charter dated Apr 970[220]. "Vuilelmus marchius Arelatense Provintie" donated property "in comitatu Avinionense, in agro Rupiano, in loco…la Lona" to Saint-Victor, Marseille by charter dated 17 Apr 979, signed by "Arsinda comitissa"[221]. Szabolcs de Vajay suggests that the first wife of Guillaume was the sister of Adelais, whose first testament dated 4 Oct 978 names her, basing the hypothesis on onomastics and favorable chronology[222]. Under this testament of "Adelais", she donated her foundation "Narbonam…sanctique Salvatoris" to "sororibus meis et domnæ Arsindæ comitissæ", bequeathed "mea hereditas de Vidiliano" to "Arsindi sorori meæ", "alodes de Tolomiano" to "Ermesindi", and "mea hereditas de Artimiciano" to "Garsindi"[223]. The wording suggests that "Arsindi…Ermesindi…Garsindi" were all sisters of the testator. It is probable that "domnæ Arsindæ comitissæ" in this document was the wife of Guillaume [II] Comte de Provence as no other Ctss Arsende has been identified at the time. However, the wording of the passage in which she is named suggests that she was a different person from "Arsindi sorori meæ". Szabolcs de Vajay suggests (as reported by Settipani: the Szabolcs article has not yet been consulted) that the testator was the possible daughter of Arnaud [I] Comte de Comminges. She can be identified as Adelais, widow of Matfried Vicomte de Narbonne, as the document names the couple´s two sons whose affiliation is confirmed by other primary sources. As explained more fully in the document TOULOUSE, KINGS, DUKES & COUNTS, other primary source documentation suggests that the wife of Vicomte Matfried may have been the daughter of Raymond Pons Comte de Toulouse. If this is correct, the chronology suggests that her sister would have been too old to have married Guillaume [II] Comte de Provence.
     "m secondly ([984/86]) as her fourth husband, ADELAIS [Blanche] d'Anjou, widow firstly of ETIENNE de Brioude, secondly of RAYMOND IV Comte de Toulouse, divorced wife (thirdly) of LOUIS V King of the West Franks, daughter of FOULQUES II "le Bon" Comte d’Anjou & his first wife Gerberge --- ([945/50]-1026, bur Montmajour, near Arles). Her parentage and first marriage are confirmed by the Chronicle of Saint-Pierre du Puy which names "comes Gaufridus cognomento Grisogonella…Pontius et Bertrandus eius nepotes…matre eorum Adalaide sorore ipsius"[224], the brothers Pons and Bertrand being confirmed in other sources as the sons of Etienne de Brioude, for example the charter dated 1000 under which "duo germani fratres…Pontius, alter Bertrandus" donated property to Saint-Chaffre for the souls of "patris sui Stephani matrisque nomine Alaicis"[225]. Adelais's second and third marriages are confirmed by Richer who records the marriage of Louis and "Adelaidem, Ragemundi nuper defuncti ducis Gothorum uxorem" and their coronation as king and queen of Aquitaine[226]. The Chronicon Andegavensi names "Blanchiam filiam Fulconis Boni comitis Andegavensis" as wife of the successor of "Lotharius rex Francorum", but confuses matters by stating that the couple were parents of "filiam Constantiam" wife of Robert II King of France[227]. The Chronicle of Saint-Maxence names "Blanchiam" as the wife of "Lotharius rex…Ludovicum filium" but does not give her origin[228]. She was crowned Queen of Aquitaine with her third husband on the day of their marriage. The Libro de Otiis Imperialibus names "Blanchiam" as wife of "Ludovicus puer [filius Lotharii]"[229]. Rodulfus Glaber refers to the unnamed wife of "Ludowicum" as "ab Aquitanis partibus uxorem", recounting that she tricked him into travelling to Aquitaine where "she left him and attached herself to her own family"[230]. Richer records her marriage with "Wilelmum Arelatensem" after her divorce from Louis[231]. Her fourth marriage is confirmed by the Historia Francorum which names "Blanca sorore Gaufridi comitis Andegavensis" as wife of "Guillelmi comitis Arelatensis"[232]. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "Blanche comitisse Arelatensis" as mother of "Constantia [uxor Robertus rex]", specifying that she was "soror Gaufridi Grisagonelli"[233]. The Gesta Consulum Andegavorum names "Blanca sorore eius" ( "eius" referring incorrectly to Foulques "Nerra" Comte d'Anjou) as wife of "Guillelmi Arelatensis comitis" and as mother of Constance, wife of Robert II King of France[234]. "Dominus princeps et marchio istius provinciæ…Willelmus cum coniuge sua…Adelaix et filio suo…Willelmo" restored property to the abbey of Saint-Césaire d´Arles by charter dated 992, subscribed by "Domnus Rotbaldus comes…Willelmus comes filius Rotbaldi et uxor sua Lucia, Wilelmus comes Tolosanus et uxor sua Ema…"[235]. "Adalaiz comitissa" donated property to Saint-Victor de Marseille by charter dated 1003[236]. This charter is subscribed by "Emma comitissa…Wilelmus comes", the second of whom was presumably the son of Adelais but the first of whom has not been identified. "Pontius…Massiliensis ecclesie pontifex" issued a charter dated 1005 with the consent of "domni Rodhbaldi comitis et domne Adalaizis comitisse, domnique Guillelmi comitis filii eius"[237]. "Adalax comitissa mater Villelmi quondam Provintie comitis et Geriberga eque comitissa…eiusdem principis olim uxor" donated property to Saint-Victor de Marseille for the soul of their late son and husband respectively by charter dated 1018[238]. No explanation has been found for her having been named Adelais in some sources and Blanche in others, as it is difficult to interpret the documentation as meaning that they refer to two separate individuals. [Adelais may have married fifthly (before Sep 1016) as his second wife, Othon Guillaume Comte de Mâcon et de Nevers [Bourgogne-Comté]. Adelais's supposed fifth marriage is deduced from the following: Count Othon-Guillaume's wife is named Adelais in several charters[239], and Pope Benedict VIII refers to "domnæ Adeleidi comitissæ cognomento Blanchæ" with "nuruique eius domnæ Gerbergæ comitissæ" when addressing her supposed fifth husband in a document dated Sep 1016[240], Gerberga presumably being Count Othon-Guillaume's daughter by his first wife who was the widow of Adelaide-Blanche d´Anjou's son by her fourth husband. However, the document in question appears not to specify that "domnæ Adeleidi…" was the wife of Othon Guillaume and the extracts seen (the full text has not yet been consulted) do not permit this conclusion to be drawn. It is perfectly possible that the Pope named Adelais-Blanche in the letter only in reference to her relationship to Othon Guillaume´s daughter. If her fifth marriage is correct, Adelais would have been considerably older than her new husband, and probably nearly sixty years old when she married (Othon-Guillaume's first wife died in [1002/04]), which seems unlikely. Another difficulty is presented by the entries dated 1018, 1024 and 1026, quoted above and below, which appear to link Adelais to Provence while, if the fifth marriage was correct, she would have been with her husband (whose death is recorded in Sep 1026) in Mâcon.] "Vuilelmus filius Rodbaldi" donated property "in comitatu Aquense in valle…Cagnanam" to Marseille Saint-Victor by charter dated 1024, signed by "Adalaiz comitissa, Vuilelmus comes filius Rodbaldi"[241]. A manuscript written by Arnoux, monk at Saint-André-lès-Avignon, records the death in 1026 of "Adalax comitissa"[242]. The necrology of Saint-Pierre de Mâcon records the death "IV Kal Jun" of "Adalasia comitissa vocata regali progenie orta"[243]. An enquiry dated 2 Jan 1215 records that "comitissa Blanca" was buried "apud Montem Majorem"[244].
Med Lands cites:
; Per Bunot email:
     “In his recent La Noblesse du Midi Carolingien,Christian Settipani has a slightly different version for the ancestry of Ermengarde d’Auvergne, comtesse of Blois. You will notice that Settipani proposes the existence of another new daughter of Guillaume le Pieux, comte d’Auvergne and duc d’Aquitaine, an Engelberge, married to Dalmatius, vicomte et abbe de Brioude. I am not summarizing his (rather convincing though circumstancial) argument in favor of this hypothesis because of its exceptional density and invite you simply to read it and make yourself an opinion. It is based (as usual) on onomastics and also the transmission of important properties in Auvergne. Jean Bunot.
     “It goes like this :
1. Ermengarde d’Auvergne (+ 1042), m. 1005, Eudes II, comte de Blois, Chartres, Tours, Troyes, Meaux et Sancerre (+ 1037)
2. Robert I, comte d’Auvergne 1010/16 (+ 1022/43)
3. m. c. 990/95, Ermengarde de Gevaudan (+ after 1010), half-sister of Constance d’Arles, queen of France
4. Guillaume, vicomte de Clermont, comte d’Auvergne 989 (+ 1003/13)
5. Humberge (+ 1016)
6. Etienne, comte de Gevaudan, vicomte-abbé de Brioude (+ c. 975)
7. m. c. 970, Adelaide d’Anjou (+ after 1026)
8. Robert II, vicomte de Clermont 962 (+ 962/74)
9. Engelberge de Brioude, dame en partie de Beaumont (+ after 962)
12. Bertrand, vicomte de Gevaudan 925/39 (+939/54)
13. Emilgarde de Brioude
14. Foulques II le Bon, comte d’Anjou (+ 958)
15. m. 937, Gerberge de Gatinais (+ c. 952)
16. Robert I, vicomte de Clermont 915/62
17. Adalgarde/Aldearde
18. Dalmatius, vicomte-abbe de Brioude 922/47 (+ 947/54)
19. Engelberge (possibly d’Auvergne) (+ after 962)
24. Heraclius, seigneur d’Antoing 892/926
25. Goda
26. Etienne, vicomte-abbe de Brioude 903
27. Ermengarde, sister of a Dalmatius, noble d’Auvergne
32. Eustorge, noble d’Auvergne
33. Arsinde de Velay
34. Hubert, noble d’Auvergne
35. ép. Ermengarde
36. Etienne, vicomte-abbe de Brioude 903
37. Ermengarde, sister of a Dalmatius, noble d’Auvergne
38. possibly Guillaume le Pieux, comte d’Auvergne et de Macon, duc d’Aquitaine, abbe laique de Brioude (+ 918)
39. possibly Engelberge de Provence
48. Vivien, seigneur d’Antoing (+ after 898)
52. Rigaud, noble d’Auvergne (+ before 903)
53. Ne... de Velay
66. Armand, vicomte de Velay 895 (+ c. 913)
67. Bertilde d’Antoing 895 (+ 913/26)
72. Rigaud, noble d’Auvergne (+ before 903)
73. Ne... de Velay
76. Bernard II Plantevelue, comte d’Auvergne et de Toulouse, marquis de Gothie (+ after 883)
77. ép. Ermengarde d’Auvergne
78. Boson, roi de Provence
79. Ermengarde d’Italie
96. Berteland, noble d’Auvergne
97. Viviana
106. Claudius, vicomte de Velay 877/900 (+ c. 900)
107. Engelmode
132. Claudius, vicomte de Velay 877/900 (+ c. 900)
133. Engelmode
134. Berteland, noble d’Auvergne
135. Viviana
146. Claudius, vicomte de Velay 977/900 (+ c. 900)
147. Engelmode
152. Bernard, comte d’Auvergne, marquis de Gothie 824/44, s/o saint Guillaume, comte et duc de Toulouse and Cunegonde
153. Dhuoda/Doda de Gascogne
154. Bernard, comte d’Auvergne (+ 868)
155. Liedgarde (+ after 868)
156. Buvinus, comte de Metz, abbe laique de Gorze 842/62
157. Ne... d/o Boson le Vieux, comte d’Arles et en Italie
158. Louis II, roi d’Italie, empereur
159. Engelberge”.⁵
; Per Med Lands:
     "ETIENNE de Brioude, son of BERTRAND & his wife Emilde --- (-before [970/75]). "Bertrandus et uxor mea Emildis et Stephanus filius noster" donated property "in villa…Antonio" to Saint-Julien de Brioude for the souls of "genitoris mei et genetricis meæ Godanæ" by charter dated 937[16]. "Stephanus filius quondam Bertrandi et Emildis" restored property "manso…Lacus" to Saint-Julien de Brioude which he had usurped after his father died by undated charter, signed by "domina Adalaiz…mariti sui Stephani atque filiorum suorum Poncii et Bertranni"[17]. According to Settipani, Etienne was not "Comte de Gévaudan", although his descendants by his second wife later possessed the counties of Gévaudan, Brioude and Forez[18].
     "m firstly ANNE, daughter of ---. "Bertrandus et et Emilgardis uxor eius et Stephanus, eorum filius et uxor eius Annanis" donated property "in villa…Antonio" to Saint-Julien de Brioude by charter dated 943[19].
     "m secondly ([950/60]) as her first husband, ADELAIS d'Anjou, daughter of FOULQUES II "le Bon" Comte d’Anjou & his first wife Gerberge --- ([940/50]-1026, bur Montmajour, near Arles). Her parentage and first marriage are confirmed by the Chronicle of Saint-Pierre du Puy which names "comes Gaufridus cognomento Grisogonella…Pontius et Bertrandus eius nepotes…matre eorum Adalaide sorore ipsius"[20], the brothers Pons and Bertrand being confirmed in other sources as the sons of Etienne de Brioude, for example the charter dated 1000 under which "duo germani fratres…Pontius, alter Bertrandus" donated property to Saint-Chaffre for the souls of "patris sui Stephani matrisque nomine Alaicis"[21]. "Stephanus filius quondam Bertrandi et Emildis" restored property "manso…Lacus" to Saint-Julien de Brioude which he had usurped after his father died by undated charter, signed by "domina Adalaiz…mariti sui Stephani atque filiorum suorum Poncii et Bertranni"[22]. Adelais's second and third marriages are confirmed by Richer who records the marriage of Louis and "Adelaidem, Ragemundi nuper defuncti ducis Gothorum uxorem" and their coronation as king and queen of Aquitaine[23]. The Chronicon Andegavensi names "Blanchiam filiam Fulconis Boni comitis Andegavensis" as wife of the successor of "Lotharius rex Francorum", but confuses matters by stating that the couple were parents of "filiam Constantiam" wife of Robert II King of France[24]. The Chronicle of Saint-Maxence names "Blanchiam" as the wife of "Lotharius rex…Ludovicum filium" but does not give her origin[25]. She was crowned Queen of Aquitaine with her third husband on the day of their marriage. The Libro de Otiis Imperialibus names "Blanchiam" as wife of "Ludovicus puer [filius Lotharii]"[26]. Rodulfus Glaber refers to the unnamed wife of "Ludowicum" as "ab Aquitanis partibus uxorem", recounting that she tricked him into travelling to Aquitaine where "she left him and attached herself to her own family"[27]. Richer records her marriage with "Wilelmum Arelatensem" after her divorce from Louis[28]. Her fourth marriage is confirmed by the Historia Francorum which names "Blanca sorore Gaufridi comitis Andegavensis" as wife of "Guillelmi comitis Arelatensis"[29]. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "Blanche comitisse Arelatensis" as mother of "Constantia [uxor Robertus rex]", specifying that she was "soror Gaufridi Grisagonelli"[30]. The Gesta Consulum Andegavorum names "Blanca sorore eius" ( "eius" referring incorrectly to Foulques "Nerra" Comte d'Anjou) as wife of "Guillelmi Arelatensis comitis" and as mother of Constance, wife of Robert II King of France[31]. "Adalaiz comitissa" donated property to Saint-Victor de Marseille by charter dated 1003[32]. This charter is subscribed by "Emma comitissa…Wilelmus comes", the second of whom was presumably the son of Adelais but the first of whom has not been identified. "Pontius…Massiliensis ecclesie pontifex" issued a charter dated 1005 with the consent of "domni Rodhbaldi comitis et domne Adalaizis comitisse, domnique Guillelmi comitis filii eius"[33]. "Adalax comitissa mater Villelmi quondam Provintie comitis et Geriberga eque comitissa…eiusdem principis olim uxor" donated property to Saint-Victor de Marseille for the soul of their late son and husband respectively by charter dated 1018[34]. No explanation has been found for her having been named Adelais in some sources and Blanche in others, as it is difficult to interpret these documents to mean that they referred to two separate individuals. Adelais's supposed fifth marriage is deduced from the following: Count Othon-Guillaume's wife is named Adelais in several charters[35], and Pope Benedict VIII refers to "domnæ Adeleidi comitissæ cognomento Blanchæ" with "nuruique eius domnæ Gerbergæ comitissæ" when addressing her supposed husband in a document dated Sep 1016[36], Gerberga presumably being Count Othon-Guillaume's daughter by his first wife who was the widow of Adelaide-Blanche d´Anjou's son by her fourth husband. However, the document in question appears not to specify that "domnæ Adeleidi…" was the wife of Othon Guillaume and the extracts seen (the full text has not yet been consulted) do not permit this conclusion to be drawn. It is perfectly possible that the Pope named Adelais-Blanche in the letter only in reference to her relationship to Othon Guillaume´s daughter. If her fifth marriage is correct, Adelais would have been considerably older than her new husband, and probably nearly sixty years old when she married (Othon-Guillaume's first wife died in [1002/04]), which seems unlikely. Another difficulty is presented by three entries dated 1018, 1024 and 1026 which appear to link Adelais to Provence while, if the fifth marriage was correct, she would have been with her husband (whose death is recorded in Sep 1026) in Mâcon. These entries are: firstly, "Adalax comitissa mater Villelmi quondam Provintie comitis et Geriberga eque comitissa…eiusdem principis olim uxor" donated property to Saint-Victor de Marseille for the soul of their late son and husband respectively by charter dated 1018[37]; secondly, "Vuilelmus filius Rodbaldi" donated property "in comitatu Aquense in valle…Cagnanam" to Marseille Saint-Victor by charter dated 1024, signed by "Adalaiz comitissa, Vuilelmus comes filius Rodbaldi"[38]; and thirdly, a manuscript written by Arnoux, monk at Saint-André-lès-Avignon, records the death in 1026 of "Adalax comitissa"[39]. The necrology of Saint-Pierre de Mâcon records the death "IV Kal Jun" of "Adalasia comitissa vocata regali progenie orta"[40]. She married secondly ([970/75]) [as his second wife,] Raymond IV Comte de Toulouse, thirdly (Vieux-Brioude, Haute-Loire 982, divorced 984) Louis associate King of the Franks [later Louis V King of the Franks], fourthly ([984/86]) as his second wife, Guillaume II "le Libérateur" Comte d'Arles Marquis de Provence, and fifthly (before 1016) as his second wife, Othon Guillaume Comte de Mâcon et de Nevers [Bourgogne-Comté].] An enquiry dated 2 Jan 1215 records that "comitissa Blanca" was buried "apud Montem Majorem"[41]."
Med Lands cites: She witnessed the marriage of Otto-Guillaume I (?) Comte de Bourgogne, Cte de Mâcon et de Nevers, King of Lombardy and Adélaïde/Adèle (?) before 1016;
His 2nd wife.
     Per Med Lands regarding Adelaide d'Anjou: "[m fifthly (before 1016) as his second wife, OTHON GUILLAUME Comte de Mâcon et de Nevers [Bourgogne-Comté], son of ADALBERTO associate-King of Italy & his wife Gerberge de Chalon ([960/62]-Dijon 21 Sep 1026).]"
     However, per The Henry Project: "Conjectured fifth husband (very improbable): Otte-Guillaume, d. 1026×7, count of Burgundy.
     Otte-Guillaume is known to have had a second wife named Adélaïde or Adèle [Cart. Cluny 3: 721-2 (#2694); Cart. Mâcon, 271 (#471), 284-5 (#490)]. The suggestion that Otte-Guillaume's second wife was the same person as the several times widowed Adélaïde/Blanche goes back to René Poupardin, who himself referred back to an unspecified unpublished work of Ferdinand Lot [Poupardin (1907), 418 n. 6], and the suggestion was later also adopted by Constance Bouchard and Christian Settipani [Bouchard (1987), 270; Settipani (1997), 249].
Conclusion: I have changed my databse to sever the link beteween Adelaide d'Anjou and substitute an otherwise unidentified Adelaide as Otto-Guillaume's second wife. GA Vaut.^{31,32,33,34,35,36,26,37,38}

     Giselbert (Gilbert) I (?) Comte de Roucy was born circa 951 at Reims, Departement de la Marne, Champagne-Ardenne, France (now).^2,4 He married unknown (?) d'Aquitaine, daughter of Guillaume I/III "Tête-d'Étoupe" (?) Duc d'AquitaineComte de Poitou, Auvergne et Limoges and Gerloc/Adèle (?) of Normandy, Comtesse de Poitiers, Duchesse d'Aquitaine, in 972.^1,2

Giselbert (Gilbert) I (?) Comte de Roucy was buried in 990 at Reims, Departement de la Marne, Champagne-Ardenne, France (now).^5,2
Giselbert (Gilbert) I (?) Comte de Roucy died between 991 and 1000 at Reims, Departement de la Marne, Champagne-Ardenne, France (now); Genealogics says d. aft 991. Find A Grave says d. 19 Apr 1000.^2,4
Giselbert (Gilbert) I (?) Comte de Roucy was buried between 991 and 1000 at Saint Remi Badsilica, Reims, Departement de la Marne, Champagne-Ardenne, France (now); From Find A Grave:
     BIRTH     unknown, Reims, Departement de la Marne, Champagne-Ardenne, France
     DEATH     19 Apr 1000, Reims, Departement de la Marne, Champagne-Ardenne, France
     Gislebert de Roucy, was born about 955 in Reims, he was the son of Renaud, count de Roucy and of Rheims, and Albérade de Lotharingie. He became the count de Roucy, upon the death of his father in 967. He was probably still child when his father died. He had various honors, but he only accepted the county of Roucy, while the county of Rheims being entrusted to Herbert III of Vermandois. Later, Eudes I, count de Blois and successor of Herbert will entrust the Viscount of Rheims to Gislebert.
     In 987, with the death of the king Louis V, Gislebert seems to be rejoined without difficulty with Hugues Capet, but he however agreed to lend an oath of allegiance in 990 to Charles of Lorraine. He died between April 19, 991 and 1000, and is buried in the abbey of Saint-Remi of Rheims. Giselbert, comté de Roucy, was the father of Ebles I, who married Beatrix de Hainaut; and Yvette de Roucy, who married Manasses III, comté de Rethel.
     Family Members
     Parents
      Renaud de Roucy unknown–967
      Alberade de Roucy 930–973
     Siblings
      Ermentrude De Roucy Bourgogne unknown–1005
     Children
      Ebles De Roucy & De Reims unknown–1033
      Judith de Roucy unknown–1081
     BURIAL     Saint Remi Basilica, Reims, Departement de la Marne, Champagne-Ardenne, France
     Created by: Mad
     Added: 8 Mar 2012
     Find A Grave Memorial 86443343.²
     Reference: Genealogics cites:
     1. Caroli Magni Progenies, Neustadt an der Aisch, 1977 , Rösch, Siegfried, Reference: 156
     2. Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag, Marburg, Schwennicke, Detlev (Ed.), Reference: III/4 675A.²
; NB: There are at least two theories concerning the ancestry of Judith and her siblings, Lietaud and Ebles I. These are outlined by Genealogics:
Conclusion: I have followed Genealogics' "more recent conjectures", assigning Judith and her siblings as children of Ebles de Poitiers. GA Vaut
     There is also confusion about the line of the various men named Manasses who were comtes de Rethel and their wives (Judity de Roucy, Judith, Yvetter de Roucy, etc.)
I. Weis states unequivocally Manasses III m. "Yvette de Roucy, dau. of Giselbert (151-20), Count of Roucy". In addition to this Yvette, Weis also assigns Ebles I as a child of this Giselbert. Weis does not show any ancestry for Manasses III.
II. Genealogics offers the following (showing no parents for Manasses I):
III. Med Lands offers a different descent:
IV. Genealogy.EU (Rethel Family) offers the following:
V. Racines et Histoire (Rethel) shows two variants: