Person Page - 217

     Arnould "Bastard of France" (?) was born circa 794 at France.^1,5
Arnould "Bastard of France" (?) was buried after March 841 at Abbey de Sainte Colombe de Sens, Sens, Departement de l"Yvonne, Bourgogne, France (now); From Find A Grave:
     BIRTH     794, France
     DEATH     Apr 841 (aged 46–47), Sens, Departement de l'Yonne, Bourgogne, France
     Arnulf of Sens (c.794 – April, 841) was a Frankish noble, an illegitimate son of the Louis the Pious, son of Charlemagne.
     Arnulf's grandfather Charlemagne died in 814 with his father Louis becoming Emperor. Three years later in 817, Arnulf, was appointed count of Sens in Burgundy.He was the first son of Louis the Pious, but he did not inherit land because his birth was illegitimate. In April 841, a year after his father had died, he died at Sens. Riche
     Family Members
     Parents
      Louis I of the Franks 778–840
      Theodelinde de Sens
     Siblings
      Alpaïs de Paris 795 – unknown
     Half Siblings
      Princess Adelaide Tours
      Princess Carolingian d'Auvergne
      Gisela De France Of Neustria
      Lothair Carolingian 795–855
      Rotrude de Aquitania d'Auvergne 802–860
      Ludwig II of East Francia 804–876
      Charles II Emperor of the Holy Empire 823–877
     BURIAL     Abbey de Sainte Colombe de Sens, Sens, Departement de l'Yonne, Bourgogne, France
     Created by: Memerizion
     Added: 11 Mar 2019
     Find A Grave Memorial 197460896.²
Arnould "Bastard of France" (?) died after March 841 at Sens, Departement de l"Yvonne, Bourgogne, France (now).^1,5,2
     Reference: Leo van de Pas cites: Caroli Magni Progenies Neustadt an der Aisch, 1977. , Siegfried Rosch, Reference: 69.⁵

     Richilde (Richaut) (?) d'Ardennes, Queen of the West Franks was born circa 845 at Metz, Departement de la Moselle, Lorraine, France (now); Find A Grave says b. 845; Wikipedia says ca 845; Genealogics says b. ca 950.^3,8,6 She married Charles II "The Bald" (?) King of West Franks, King of Aquitaine, Holy Roman Emperor, son of Louis I "The Pious, The Fair, le Debonnaire" (?) King of Aquitaine, King of the Franks, Emperor of the West and Judith (?) von Altdorf, on 22 January 870 at Aachen (Aix La Chapelle), Stadtkreis Aachen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany (now).^2,5,9,10,6,7

Richilde (Richaut) (?) d'Ardennes, Queen of the West Franks died on 2 June 910 at Chalons-en-Champagne, Departement de la Marne, Champagne-Ardenne, France (now); Genealogy.EU (Carolin 1 page) says d. 910/914. Genealogics says aft 910. Wikipedia says d. 2 June 910.^2,3,8,6,7
Richilde (Richaut) (?) d'Ardennes, Queen of the West Franks was buried after 2 June 910 at Basilique Saint-Denis, Saint-Denis, Departement de Seine-Saint-Denis, Île-de-France, France; From Find A Grave:
     BIRTH     845, Metz, Departement de la Moselle, Lorraine, France
     DEATH     910 (aged 64–65), Chalons-en-Champagne, Departement de la Marne, Champagne-Ardenne, France
     Birth:845; Death:6/2/910. Richilde of the Ardennes (or Richilde of Provence) Kingdom of Lower Burgundy) was the second consort of Charles the Bald, King and Emperor of the Franks. By her marriage, she became Queen of the West Franks, and then Empress of the Franks.
     Family Members
     Parents
      Bivin de Vienne de Provence
      Richilde d'Arles
     Spouse
      Charles II Emperor of the Holy Empire 823–877
     Siblings
      Boso de Provence
      Richard Duke of Burgundy 858–921
     Children
      Rothilde de France 871–927
     BURIAL     Saint Denis Basilique, Saint-Denis, Departement de Seine-Saint-Denis, Île-de-France, France
     Created by: Memerizion
     Added: 30 May 2015
     Find A Grave Memorial 147171582.³
     ; Per Med Lands:
     "CHARLES, son of Emperor LOUIS I "le Pieux" & his second wife Judith [Welf] (Frankfurt-am-Main 13 Jun 823-Avrieux or Brides-les-Bains, Savoie 6 Oct 877, bur Nantua Abbey, transferred to église de l'abbaye royale de Saint-Denis). The Annales S. Benigni Divisionensis record the birth of "Karolus filius Ludowici" in Frankfurt "Idus Iun 824"[236]. Thegan's Vita Hludowici Imperatoris names Charles as son of his father by his second wife[237]. His father invested Charles as dux in Alemania, Rhetia, Alsace and part of Burgundy at Worms in Aug 829, reducing the territory of his oldest brother Lothaire to Italy. This triggered the revolt of his older half-brothers in Mar 830, when they captured their father at Compiègne and forced him to revert to the constitutional arrangements decided in 817. His father installed Charles as King of Aquitaine in Sep 832, having deprived Charles's half-brother Pépin. His father restored Aquitaine to Pépin 15 Mar 834 at Quierzy-sur-Oise. His father accorded Charles the land between Frisia and the Seine at the assembly of Aix-la-Chapelle in 837, Maine and the land between the Seine and the Loire (as well as a royal crown) in 838, and Francia between the Meuse and the Seine, western and southern Burgundy, Provence, Neustria, the march of Bretagne, Aquitaine, Gascony and Septimania at the assembly of Worms 28 May 839. On the death of his father, he became King of the Franks of the West. His brother Emperor Lothaire sought to deprive him of his lands. Charles allied himself with his half-brother Ludwig and together they defeated Lothaire at Fontenoy-en-Puisaye 25 Jun 841. Under the division of imperial territories agreed under the Treaty of Verdun 11 Aug 843, he became CHARLES II “le Chauve” King of the West Franks. King of Aquitaine in 848, when he deposed his nephew Pépin II. When King Charles II was faced with widespread rebellion, his brother Ludwig II "der Deutsche" King of the East Franks invaded his kingdom in Aug 858 but was defeated 15 Jan 859 in the Laonnais and forced to withdraw. In 865, Charles agreed with King Ludwig II the future division of the territories of Lothaire II King of Lotharingia, but on the latter's death in 869 Charles invaded Lotharingia and proclaimed himself CHARLES King of Lotharingia before Ludwig could assert his rights. A settlement was reached at Meerssen in Aug 870 under which Charles received the Meuse valley, Lyonnais, Viennois and Vivarais, declaring himself king of Lotharingia in 869. He was crowned Emperor CHARLES II at Rome 25 Dec 875 by Pope John VIII, and elected king of Italy at Pavia in 876[238]. The Annales S. Benigni Divisionensis record the death of "Karolus imperator Prid Non Oct 877"[239]. The necrology of Reims Saint-Rémi records the death "III Non Oct" of "Karolus Calvus rex Francorum"[240]. The necrology of Saint-Germain-des-Prés records the death 877 “II Non Oct” of “Karoli...secundi imperatoris...”[241].
     "m firstly (Quierzy, Aisne 13 Dec 842, separated 867) ERMENTRUDIS, daughter of EUDES Comte [d’Orléans] & his wife Engeltrudis (27 Sep [830]-Saint-Denis 6 Oct 869, bur église de l'abbaye royale de Saint-Denis). The Annales Bertiniani record the marriage in 842 of "Ermendrud neptem Adalardi comitis" and "Karolus" at "Carisiacum palatium"[242]. Nithard names "Hirmentrude, daughter of Odo and Ingiltrud" as wife of Charles[243]. She was crowned in Aug 866 at Saint-Médard de Soissons. After she was separated from her husband, she retired to a monastery. The Annales Bertiniani record the death "869 II Non Oct in monasterio Sancti Dyonisii" of "Hyrmentrudem uxorem suam [=Karoli]" and her burial at Saint-Denis[244]. The Obituaire de Notre-Dame de Paris records the death "Non Oct" of "Irmentrudis regina uxor Caroli"[245]. The necrology of the abbey of Saint-Denis records the death "Non Oct" of "Hirmentrudis regina"[246].
     "m secondly (12 Oct 869, confirmed Aix-la-Chapelle 22 Jan 870) RICHILDIS, daughter of comte BUVINUS [Bouvin] & his wife --- d'Arles (-[30 Jan] [910 or after]). The Annales Bertiniani record the marriage "869 VII Id Oct" of "sororem…Bosonis…Richildem" and King Charles II[247]. She was crowned empress at Tortona in Lombardy by Pope John VIII in 877. “Richildis quondam regina” donated property, among which “in pago Gerbercinse in Langeii villa”, to Gorze Abbey by charter dated 910[248]. The necrology of Reims Saint-Rémi records the death "III Kal Feb" of "RICHILDIS"[249]."
Med Lands cites:
; Per Genealogy.EU (Carolin 1): "B8. [2m.] Charles II "the Bald", King of Aquitaine 838, King of West Franks (843-877), King of (East) Lotharingia (869-870), King of Italy (875-876), Emperor (875-877), *Frankfurt a.M. 15.5./13.6.823, +Avrieux=Bries-les-Bains 6.10.877, bur St.Denis, Paris; 1m: Crecy 14.12.842 *[4381] Ermentrude (*Orleans ca 825/27.9.830, +6.10.869, St.Denis, Aude), a dau.of Ct Eudes I "of Orleans" and Ingeltrude de Paris; 2m: Aachen 22.1.870 *[6483] Richildis of Metz (+910/914), dau.of Buwin of Metz."² GAV-30 EDV-31 GKJ-32.

; This is the same person as:
”Richilde of Provence” at Wikipedia and as
”Richilde d'Ardennes” at Wikipédia (Fr.)^8,11

; Per Genealogics: "Together with her her husband she was crowned as Emperor and Empress of the Holy Roman Empire in 881 in Rome by Pope John VIII. However, a few years later her husband accused her of infidelity with his chancellor, Liutward, bishop of Vercelli. Both denied the charge and Richeut successfully endured the ordeal of fire before the imperial assembly to prove her innocence. She left Charles to live as a nun at Hohenburg, and then later went to Andlau Abbey, which she had founded, and lived there until her death. As St. Richardis her day of remembrance is 18 September."¹

Reference: Genealogics cites: Caroli Magni Progenies Neustadt an der Aisch, 1977. , Siegfried Rosch, Reference: 82.^6,12 Richilde (Richaut) (?) d'Ardennes, Queen of the West Franks was also known as Richilde/Richeut (?)⁵

; Per Med Lands:
     "RICHILDE (-[30 Jan] [910 or after]). The Annales Bertiniani record the marriage "869 VII Id Oct" of "sororem…Bosonis…Richildem" and King Charles II[654]. Regino names "Bosoni germano Richildis reginæ" when recording this marriage[655]. She was crowned empress at Tortona in Lombardy by Pope John VIII in 877. “Richildis quondam regina” donated property, among which “in pago Gerbercinse in Langeii villa”, to Gorze Abbey by charter dated 910[656]. The necrology of Reims Saint-Rémi records the death "III Kal Feb" of "RICHILDIS" (upper case in the original)[657].
     "m (22 Oct 870) as his second wife, CHARLES II “le Chauve” King of the West Franks, son of Emperor LOUIS I "le Pieux" & his second wife Judith [Welf] (Frankfurt-am-Main 13 Jun 823-Avrieux or Brides-les-Bains, Savoie 6 Oct 877, bur Nantua Abbey, transferred to église de l'abbaye royale de Saint-Denis). He was crowned Emperor CHARLES II in 875."
Med Lands cites:

; Per Genealogy.EU (Bosonides): “B2. Richilde/Richeut, +920; m. Charles II of Franks”.¹³

     Rothilde (?) of Neustria, Princess of France, Countess of Bourges & of Maine was born circa 871 at Metz, Departement de la Moselle, Lorraine, France (now).³ She married Rotger/Roger (?) Comte de Maine in 890.^1,3,8,4,9

Rothilde (?) of Neustria, Princess of France, Countess of Bourges & of Maine died on 22 March 928; per The Henry Project: d. "not long before 929"; Find a Grave says d. 22 Mar 927.^1,2,3,4
Rothilde (?) of Neustria, Princess of France, Countess of Bourges & of Maine was buried after 22 March 928 at Convent of Chelles, Chelles, Departement de Seine-et-Marne, Île-de-France, France; From Find A Grave:
     BIRTH     871, Metz, Departement de la Moselle, Lorraine, France
     DEATH     22 Mar 927 (aged 55–56), Chelles, Departement de Seine-et-Marne, Île-de-France, France
     Countess of Bourges & of Maine, Princess of France. Princess Rothilde (Latin: Rothildis; 871 – 928/929) was a Frankish noble lady born into the royal family of Western Francia. Rothilde was a daughter of the King of the Franks, Charles the Bald, son of Louis the Pious. Her mother was Charles’ second spouse, Queen Richilde of Provence, sister of King Boso of Provence. In cca. 890, Rothilde married Roger of Maine. Their eldest child was Hugh I, Count of Maine. Their second child was a daughter.
     Family Members
     Parents
      Charles II Emperor of the Holy Empire 823–877
      Richilde d'Ardennes de Provence 845–910
     Spouse
      Roger Neustria du Maine 844–901
     Half Siblings
      Judith de France 844–870
      Louis The Stammerer 846–879
      Godehilde Carolingian de France 864–923
     Children
      Hugues I du Maine 900–933
     BURIAL     Convent of Chelles, Chelles, Departement de Seine-et-Marne, Île-de-France, France
     Created by: Memerizion
     Added: 30 May 2015
     Find A Grave Memorial 147172184.³
      ; This is the same person as ”Rothilde” at The Henry Project.⁴ GAV-30.

Reference: Leo van de Pas cites:
     1. Caroli Magni Progenies Neustadt an der Aisch, 1977. , Siegfried Rosch, Reference: 101
     2. Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag Marburg., Detlev Schwennicke, Editor, Reference: III 692.²

     Pepin (?) Prince of the West Franks died between 872 and 873; died Young.^1,2 He was born between 873 and 874.^1,2
      ; Leo van de Pas cites: Caroli Magni Progenies Neustadt an der Aisch, 1977. , Siegfried Rosch.²

     Drogo (?) Prince of the West Franks died between 872 and 873; Died young.¹ He was born between 873 and 874.¹
      ; Leo van de Pas cites: Caroli Magni Progenies Neustadt an der Aisch, 1977. , Siegfried Rosch.^6,2

     Hildegard (?) of Westfranken was born circa 867.¹
      ; Leo van de Pas cites: Caroli Magni Progenies Neustadt an der Aisch, 1977. , Siegfried Rosch, Reference: 100.¹

     Charles (?) Prince of the West Franks was born on 10 February 876 at France.¹
Charles (?) Prince of the West Franks died before 7 April 877.^1,2
      ; Leo van de Pas cites: Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag Marburg., Detlev Schwennicke, Editor, Reference: II 1.^6,1

     Abbot Carloman (?) of The West Franks was born circa 849 at France.¹
Abbot Carloman (?) of The West Franks died in 876 at Epternac/Echternach, France.^1,3
      ; Leo van de Pas cites: Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag Marburg., Detlev Schwennicke, Editor, Reference: II 1.³

; Karloman "of the West Franks", abbe in St.Medard of Soissons 866, *ca 849, +Echternach 876. He was (an unknown value) in 866 at Abbey of St. Medard, Soissons, France (now).¹

     Charles The Child" (?) King of Aquitaine married Witwe (?)²
Charles The Child" (?) King of Aquitaine was born between 847 and 848 at France.^4,2
Charles The Child" (?) King of Aquitaine died on 29 September 866 at France.^4,2
      ; Leo van de Pas cites: Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag Marburg., Detlev Schwennicke, Editor, Reference: II 1.⁴

; King Charles "the Child" of Aquitaine (859-865), *847/848, +29.9.865/866; m.862 Witwe N.² He was King of Aquitaine between 859 and 865.^2,4

     Lothaire "the Lame" (?) of the West Franks was born circa 847.¹
Lothaire "the Lame" (?) of the West Franks died before 25 December 865.^1,2
      ; Leo van de Pas cites: Caroli Magni Progenies Neustadt an der Aisch, 1977. , Siegfried Rosch.²

; Lothar "the Lame of West Franks", a monk 861, abbe in St.Germain, *ca 847, +Auxerre (?) before 25.12.865.^7,1

     Abbess Rotrude (?) of the West Franks was born in 852 at France; Leo van de Pas says b. ca 850.^1,2
Abbess Rotrude (?) of the West Franks died before 912; Leo van de Pas says d. aft 889.^1,2
      ; Leo van de Pas cites: Caroli Magni Progenies Neustadt an der Aisch, 1977. , Siegfried Rosch.^5,2

     Ermentrude/Irmtrud (?) Abbess was born in 854.¹
Ermentrude/Irmtrud (?) Abbess died after 877.¹
      ; Leo van de Pas cites: Caroli Magni Progenies Neustadt an der Aisch, 1977. , Siegfried Rosch.⁶

     Hildegarde (?) Princess of the West Franks was born circa 856 at France.¹
      ; Leo van de Pas cites: Caroli Magni Progenies Neustadt an der Aisch, 1977. , Siegfried Rosch.⁵

     Gisela/Gisele (?) Princess of the West Franks was born circa 858 at France.¹
Gisela/Gisele (?) Princess of the West Franks died on 1 July 874.¹
      ; Leo van de Pas cites: Caroli Magni Progenies Neustadt an der Aisch, 1977. , Siegfried Rosch.²

     Lothair I (?) King of Italy, Holy Roman Emperor, King of Bavaria married Doda/Dode (?) of Italy.^10,11
Lothair I (?) King of Italy, Holy Roman Emperor, King of Bavaria was born in 795 at Altdorf, Landkreis Eichstätt, Bavaria (Bayern), Germany (now).^12,1,4,6 He married Irmgard/Ermengarde (?) Countess of Tours, Queen of Italy, daughter of Hugues III 'le Méfiant' (?) Comte de Tours and Ava/Bava (?) Countess Sundgau (Upper Alsace), Countess of Tours, on 15 October 821 at Thionville, Departement de la Moselle, Lorraine, France (now).^{12,1,4,6,13,14}

Lothair I (?) King of Italy, Holy Roman Emperor, King of Bavaria died on 29 September 855 at Kloster Prüm (Prüm Abbey), Prüm, Eifelkreis Bitburg-Prüm, Rheinland-Pfalz, Germany (now).^1,12,4,6
Lothair I (?) King of Italy, Holy Roman Emperor, King of Bavaria was buried after 29 September 855 at Kloster Prüm (Prüm Abbey), Prüm, Departement de la Moselle, Lorraine, France; From Find A Grave:
     BIRTH     795, Aquitaine, France
     DEATH     29 Sep 855 (aged 59–60), Prüm, Landkreis Bitburg-Prüm, Rheinland-Pfalz, Germany
     Lothair, born 795, d. Sept. 29, 855, the eldest son of Emperor LOUIS I, came to rule the Middle Frankish Kingdom, which included most of what is now the Low Countries, Alsace-Lorraine, Switzerland, and northern Italy. Lothair was designated to succeed his father as emperor in 817. In 822 he became king of Italy, and the next year he was crowned co emperor by the pope. Friction with Louis over the future of Lothair's half brother Charles (later Emperor CHARLES II) led to open conflict in 830 and again in 834 between the emperor and his co emperor.
     When Louis I died in 840, civil war erupted between Lothair, his brother LOUIS THE GERMAN, and Charles. Lothair was defeated by his brothers at the Battle of Fontenoy (841), and in 843 he concluded the Treaty of Verdun by which the Frankish empire was divided into three parts. Lothair received the Middle Kingdom as well as the imperial title. After dividing his kingdom among his three sons, Lothair entered the monastery of Prum in 855.
     Family Members
     Parents
          Louis I of the Franks 778–840
          Ermengarde of Hesbaye 778–818
     Spouse
          Ermengarde Of Tours unknown–851 (m. 821)
     Siblings
          Rotrude de Aquitania d'Auvergne 802–860
          Ludwig II of East Francia 804–876
     Half Siblings
          Arnulf de Sens 794–841
          Alpaïs de Paris 795 – unknown
          Gisela De France Of Neustria 821–874
          Charles II Emperor of the Holy Empire 823–877
     Children
          Ermengarde of Moselle
          Louis II 825–875
          Lothair II of Lotharingia 835–869
          Charles of Provence 845–863
     BURIAL     Prüm Abbey, Landkreis Bitburg-Prüm, Rheinland-Pfalz, Germany
     Maintained by: The Cemetery Lady
     Originally Created by: Jerry Ferren
     Added: 11 Feb 2011
     Find a Grave Memorial 65499114
     SPONSORED BY Mike McCarthy.¹⁵
      ; Per Genealogics:
     “Lothar was born in 795, the eldest son of the Carolingian emperor Louis I 'the Pious' and his first wife Irmingard/Ermengard, daughter of Ingram, Graf in Haspengau. He led his full brothers Pippin I, king of Aquitaine, and Ludwig 'the German' in revolt against their father on several occasions, in protest against his attempts to make their half-brother Charles 'the Bald' a co-heir to the Frankish domains. Upon the death of their father, Charles and Ludwig joined forces against Lothar in a three year civil war (840-843), the struggles between the brothers leading directly to the break-up of the great Frankish empire assembled by their grandfather Charlemagne, and lay the foundations for the development of modern France and Germany.
     “Little is known of Lothar's early life, which was probably passed at the court of his grandfather Charlemagne. Shortly after the accession of his father, he was sent to govern Bavaria. He first comes to historical attention in 817, when Louis 'the Pious' drew up his _Ordinatio Imperii._ In this Louis designated Lothar as his principal heir, to whom his younger brothers Pippin and Ludwig, as well as his cousin Bernhard I, king of Italy, would be subject after the death of their father; he would also inherit their lands if they were to die childless. Lothar was then crowned joint emperor by his father at Aix-la-Chapelle. At the same time Aquitaine and Bavaria were granted to his brothers Pippin and Ludwig respectively as subsidiary kingdoms. Following the murder of Bernhard I by Louis 'the Pious' in 818, Lothar also received the kingdom of Italy. In 821 he married Irmgard de Tours, daughter of Hugues, comte de Tours, and his wife Ada. Two sons, Ludwig II and Lothar II, and a daughter would have progeny.
     “In 822 Lothar assumed the government of Italy, and at Easter, 5 April 823, he was crowned emperor by Pope Paschal I, this time at Rome. In November 824 he promulgated a statute concerning the relations of pope and emperor which reserved the supreme power to the secular potentate, and he afterwards issued various ordinances for the good government of Italy.
     “On his return to his father's court, his stepmother Judith won his consent to her plan for securing a kingdom for her son Charles, a scheme which was carried out in 829 when the young prince was given Alemannia as king. Lothar, however, soon changed his attitude and spent the succeeding decade in constant strife over the division of the empire with his father. He was alternately master of the empire, and banished and confined to Italy, at one time taking up arms in alliance with his brothers and at another fighting against them, while the bounds of his appointed kingdom were in turn extended and reduced.
     “The first rebellion began in 830. All three brothers fought their father, whom they deposed. In 831 Louis was reinstated and he deprived Lothar of his imperial title and gave Italy to the young Charles. The second rebellion was instigated by Angilbert II, archbishop of Milan and again Louis was deposed and reinstated the next year. Lothar, through the loyalty of the Lombards and later reconciliations, retained Italy and the imperial position through all remaining divisions of the empire by his father.
     “When Louis 'the Pious' was dying in 840, he sent the imperial insignia to Lothar who, disregarding the various partitions, claimed the whole of the empire. Negotiations with his brother Ludwig 'the German' and his half-brother Charles, both of whom armed to resist this claim, were followed by an alliance of the younger brothers against Lothar. A decisive battle was fought at Fontenay-en-Puisaye on 25 June 841. There, in spite of his and his allied nephew Pippin II of Aquitaine's personal gallantry, Lothar was defeated and fled to Aachen. With fresh troops he began a war of plunder, but the forces of his brother were too strong for him, and taking with him such treasure as he could collect, he abandoned his capital to them. He met with the leaders of the _Stellinga_ ('companions, comrades'), a movement of the lower two of the three Saxon non-slave castes) in Speyer and promised them support in return for theirs, but his brother Ludwig and then the native Saxon nobility put down the Stellinga in the next years.
     “Peace negotiations began, and in June 842 the brothers met on an island in the Saône, and agreed to an arrangement which developed, after much difficulty and delay, into the Treaty of Verdun signed in August 843. By this Lothar received the imperial title as well as northern Italy and a long stretch of territory from the North Sea to the Mediterranean, essentially along the valleys of the Rhine and the Rhone. He soon left Italy to his eldest son Ludwig II, and remained in his new kingdom, engaging in alternate quarrels and reconciliations with his brothers and in futile efforts to defend his lands from the attacks of the Northmen (as Vikings were known in Frankish writings) and the Saracens.
     “In 855 he became seriously ill and, despairing of recovery, he renounced the throne and divided his lands between his three sons. His eldest son Ludwig II received Italy and the title of Emperor, Lothar II received Lotharingia, while Charles received Provence. On 23 September 855 Lothar entered the monastery of Prüm, where he died six days later on 29 September. He was buried at Prüm, where his remains were found in 1860.”.⁴

Reference: Genealogics cites: GAV-31 EDV-31 GKJ-32.

; Per Weis: "Lothair I, b. 795, d. Pruem, Germany, 29 Sep. 855, King of Italy 817-855, Emperor 840-855; m. 15 Oct. 821, Ermengarde, d. 20 Mar. 851, dau. of Hugh II, Count of Tours. (Saillot, Sang de Charlemagne, p. 9; Brandenburg III 8a; see Line 240)."¹²

; This is the same person as ”Lothair I” at Wikipedia, as ”Lothaire Ier” at Wikipédia (FR), and as ”Lothar I. (Frankenreich)” at Wikipedia (DE).^16,17,18

; Per Stone (2000) chart 30-3: "The civil war with his brothers was resolved by the Treaty of Verdun, signed in 843, dividing the empire in a way that prefigured modern Europe. Near the end of his life he abdicated and became a monk."¹⁹

; Per Med Lands:
     "LOTHAIRE, son of Emperor LOUIS I "der Fromme/le Pieux" & his first wife Ermengard (795-Kloster Prüm 29 Sep 855, bur Kloster Prüm). Thegan's Vita Hludowici Imperatoris names (in order) "Hlutharius, Pippinus, Hludowicus" sons of Emperor Louis I & his wife Ermengard[8]. His father sent him to govern Bavaria in [Aug] 814[9]. He was crowned joint Emperor LOTHAIRE I in Jul 817 at Aachen, ruling jointly with his father. He was sent to Italy in 822, where he established his court at Pavia and was crowned King of Italy by the Archbishop of Milan. The Annales Xantenses record that "Ludewicus imperator" gave "filio suo Lothario regnum Langobardorum" in 822[10]. Einhard's Annales record that the emperor sent "Walahum monachum propinquum suum [imperatoris] fratrem…Adalhardi abbatis" to Italy in 822 with "Hlotharius…filium suum"[11]. He was again crowned Emperor, at Rome 5 Apr 823 by Pope Pascal I. The rivalry with his father and brothers was exacerbated by the unexpected birth of his half-brother Charles in 823. Tension was increased when Emperor Louis invested Charles with Alemannia, Rhetia, Alsace and part of Burgundy at Worms in Aug 829, reducing Lothaire's territory to Italy. Lothaire and his brothers rebelled in Mar 830, captured their father at Compiègne, and forced him to revert to the constitutional arrangements decided in 817. However, Emperor Louis reasserted his authority at the assemblies of Nijmegen in Oct 830 and Aix-la-Chapelle in Feb 831, and deprived Lothaire of the imperial title and relegated him once more to Italy. A further revolt of the brothers followed. Emperor Louis was defeated and deposed by his sons at Compiègne 1 Oct 833. He was exiled to the monastery of Saint-Médard de Soissons. Lothaire declared himself sole emperor 30 Jun 833, but was forced to flee to Vienne by his brothers Pepin and Louis, who freed their father. Emperor Louis was restored 1 Mar 834, crowned once more at Metz 28 Feb 835. Lothaire captured Chalon-sur-Saône, but was arrested by his father's troops near Chouzy. His father pardoned him and sent him back to Italy as king. Emperor Louis proposed yet another partition in favour of his son Charles at the assembly of Aachen in 837, which was implemented at the assembly of Worms 28 May 839 when he installed his sons Lothaire and Charles jointly, the former taking all land east of the River Meuse, the latter everything to the west, and set aside the claims of his son Louis and the successors of his late son Pepin. Lothaire succeeded as sole emperor on his father’s death 20 Jun 840. He sought to extend his power base northwards from Italy across the Alps, and deprive his half-brother Charles. The latter allied himself with his half-brother Louis, and together they defeated Lothaire at Fontenoy-en-Puisaye, near Auxerre 25 Jun 841. After retreating to Aachen, Lothaire was forced out to Lyon in Apr 842 by his brothers, who declared him incapable of governing the empire. Preliminary peace proposals signed on an island in the Saône, near Mâcon 15 Jun 842 led to the Treaty of Verdun 11 Aug 843, under which the territory of the empire was divided between the three brothers. Lothaire retained the imperial title and was also installed as LOTHAIRE I King of Lotharingia, a newly created territory covering a wide strip of land from the North Sea coast southwards to Italy, the new country being named after him. He established his seat of government at Aachen, and installed his son Louis as King of Italy. Over the following ten years, a series of meetings aimed to maintain peace between the three brothers, with varying success. After a serious illness, Emperor Lothaire abdicated in Sep 855 at Kloster Schüller, near Prüm, and divided his territories between his sons Louis II, Lothaire II and Charles. The Annales Bertiniani record that Emperor Lothaire entered "monasterium Proneæ in Arduenna", was tonsured, died "IV Kal Oct" and was buried in the monastery[12]. The necrology of Prüm records the death "855 III Kal Oct" of "Lotharius imperator"[13].
     "m (Thionville, Moselle mid-Oct 821) ERMENGARDE, daughter of HUGUES Comte [de Tours] [Etichonen] & his wife Ava --- (-20 Mar 851, bur Kloster Erstein, near Strasbourg). Thegan's Vita Hludowici Imperatoris refers to the wife of Emperor Lothaire as "filiam Hugi comitis, qui erat de stirpe cuiusdam ducis nomine Etih" and in the following paragraph names her "Irmingarda"[14]. The Annales Xantenses record the marriage in 821 of "Ludewicus imperator…filio suo Lothario" and "Ermingardam filiam Hugonis comitis Turonicorum"[15]. She founded Kloster Erstein in Alsace in 849. The Annales Xantenses record the death in 851 of "imperatrix…Irmingard, coniunx Lotharii imperatoris"[16]. The Annales Formoselenses record the death in 851 of "Irmingard regina"[17].
     "Mistress (1): DODA, daughter of --- (-after 9 Jul 855). The Annales Bertiniani records that "Lotharius imperator" took "duas sibi ancillas ex villa regia", of whom Doda gave birth to "filium…Karlomannum"[18]."
Med Lands cites:

; Per Genealogy.EU (Carolingian 1): “B1. [1m.] Lothar I, Holy Roman Emperor (817/840-855), King of Italy (833-834)+(840-855), King of Bavaria, *Altdorf 795, +Prüm 29.9.855; 1m: Thionville 15.10.821 Ermengarde de Tours (*800 +20.3.851); 2m: Doda N (+after 9.7.855); 3m: NN”.¹ He and Doda (?) were associated.^1,6

; Per Med Lands:
     "ERMENGARDE (-20 Mar 851, bur Kloster Erstein, near Strasbourg). Thegan refers to the wife of Emperor Lothar as "filiam Hugi comitis, qui erat de stirpe cuiusdam ducis nomine Etih" and in the following paragraph names her "Irmingarda"[155]. The Annales Xantenses record the marriage in 821 of "Ludewicus imperator…filio suo Lothario" and "Ermingardam filiam Hugonis comitis Turonicorum"[156]. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "Ermengardis filia…Hugonis Provincie ducis vel comitis" as wife of "Lotharius imperator"[157]. She founded Kloster Erstein in Alsace 849.
     "m (Thionville, Moselle mid-Oct 821) Emperor LOTHAR I, son of Emperor LOUIS I "le Pieux" & his first wife Ermengardis [de Hesbaye] (795-Kloster Prüm 29 Sep 855, bur Kloster Prüm). He was installed as LOTHAR I King of Lotharingia in 843."
Med Lands cites: Lothair I (?) King of Italy, Holy Roman Emperor, King of Bavaria was King of Italy and Lotharingia between 817 and 855.^20,17 He was Emperor of the West
See attached image of a map of Lothair I's kingdom ca 843 (Par Nicolas Ray — original image converted by Christoph S., Wolpertinger, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=3900443) between 840 and 855.^20,21,17 He was Roi de Francie médiane between 843 and 855.¹⁷

     Doda/Dode (?) of Italy married Lothair I (?) King of Italy, Holy Roman Emperor, King of Bavaria, son of Louis I "The Pious, The Fair, le Debonnaire" (?) King of Aquitaine, King of the Franks, Emperor of the West and Ermengarde/Irmingard (?) of Hesbaye, Queen of the Franks, Empress.^2,1
Doda/Dode (?) of Italy was born circa 796 at Lorraine, France.²
Doda/Dode (?) of Italy died on 9 July 855.¹
     ; Per Med Lands:
     "LOTHAIRE, son of Emperor LOUIS I "der Fromme/le Pieux" & his first wife Ermengard (795-Kloster Prüm 29 Sep 855, bur Kloster Prüm). Thegan's Vita Hludowici Imperatoris names (in order) "Hlutharius, Pippinus, Hludowicus" sons of Emperor Louis I & his wife Ermengard[8]. His father sent him to govern Bavaria in [Aug] 814[9]. He was crowned joint Emperor LOTHAIRE I in Jul 817 at Aachen, ruling jointly with his father. He was sent to Italy in 822, where he established his court at Pavia and was crowned King of Italy by the Archbishop of Milan. The Annales Xantenses record that "Ludewicus imperator" gave "filio suo Lothario regnum Langobardorum" in 822[10]. Einhard's Annales record that the emperor sent "Walahum monachum propinquum suum [imperatoris] fratrem…Adalhardi abbatis" to Italy in 822 with "Hlotharius…filium suum"[11]. He was again crowned Emperor, at Rome 5 Apr 823 by Pope Pascal I. The rivalry with his father and brothers was exacerbated by the unexpected birth of his half-brother Charles in 823. Tension was increased when Emperor Louis invested Charles with Alemannia, Rhetia, Alsace and part of Burgundy at Worms in Aug 829, reducing Lothaire's territory to Italy. Lothaire and his brothers rebelled in Mar 830, captured their father at Compiègne, and forced him to revert to the constitutional arrangements decided in 817. However, Emperor Louis reasserted his authority at the assemblies of Nijmegen in Oct 830 and Aix-la-Chapelle in Feb 831, and deprived Lothaire of the imperial title and relegated him once more to Italy. A further revolt of the brothers followed. Emperor Louis was defeated and deposed by his sons at Compiègne 1 Oct 833. He was exiled to the monastery of Saint-Médard de Soissons. Lothaire declared himself sole emperor 30 Jun 833, but was forced to flee to Vienne by his brothers Pepin and Louis, who freed their father. Emperor Louis was restored 1 Mar 834, crowned once more at Metz 28 Feb 835. Lothaire captured Chalon-sur-Saône, but was arrested by his father's troops near Chouzy. His father pardoned him and sent him back to Italy as king. Emperor Louis proposed yet another partition in favour of his son Charles at the assembly of Aachen in 837, which was implemented at the assembly of Worms 28 May 839 when he installed his sons Lothaire and Charles jointly, the former taking all land east of the River Meuse, the latter everything to the west, and set aside the claims of his son Louis and the successors of his late son Pepin. Lothaire succeeded as sole emperor on his father’s death 20 Jun 840. He sought to extend his power base northwards from Italy across the Alps, and deprive his half-brother Charles. The latter allied himself with his half-brother Louis, and together they defeated Lothaire at Fontenoy-en-Puisaye, near Auxerre 25 Jun 841. After retreating to Aachen, Lothaire was forced out to Lyon in Apr 842 by his brothers, who declared him incapable of governing the empire. Preliminary peace proposals signed on an island in the Saône, near Mâcon 15 Jun 842 led to the Treaty of Verdun 11 Aug 843, under which the territory of the empire was divided between the three brothers. Lothaire retained the imperial title and was also installed as LOTHAIRE I King of Lotharingia, a newly created territory covering a wide strip of land from the North Sea coast southwards to Italy, the new country being named after him. He established his seat of government at Aachen, and installed his son Louis as King of Italy. Over the following ten years, a series of meetings aimed to maintain peace between the three brothers, with varying success. After a serious illness, Emperor Lothaire abdicated in Sep 855 at Kloster Schüller, near Prüm, and divided his territories between his sons Louis II, Lothaire II and Charles. The Annales Bertiniani record that Emperor Lothaire entered "monasterium Proneæ in Arduenna", was tonsured, died "IV Kal Oct" and was buried in the monastery[12]. The necrology of Prüm records the death "855 III Kal Oct" of "Lotharius imperator"[13].
     "m (Thionville, Moselle mid-Oct 821) ERMENGARDE, daughter of HUGUES Comte [de Tours] [Etichonen] & his wife Ava --- (-20 Mar 851, bur Kloster Erstein, near Strasbourg). Thegan's Vita Hludowici Imperatoris refers to the wife of Emperor Lothaire as "filiam Hugi comitis, qui erat de stirpe cuiusdam ducis nomine Etih" and in the following paragraph names her "Irmingarda"[14]. The Annales Xantenses record the marriage in 821 of "Ludewicus imperator…filio suo Lothario" and "Ermingardam filiam Hugonis comitis Turonicorum"[15]. She founded Kloster Erstein in Alsace in 849. The Annales Xantenses record the death in 851 of "imperatrix…Irmingard, coniunx Lotharii imperatoris"[16]. The Annales Formoselenses record the death in 851 of "Irmingard regina"[17].
     "Mistress (1): DODA, daughter of --- (-after 9 Jul 855). The Annales Bertiniani records that "Lotharius imperator" took "duas sibi ancillas ex villa regia", of whom Doda gave birth to "filium…Karlomannum"[18]."
Med Lands cites:
; Per Genealogy.EU (Carolingian 1): “B1. [1m.] Lothar I, Holy Roman Emperor (817/840-855), King of Italy (833-834)+(840-855), King of Bavaria, *Altdorf 795, +Prüm 29.9.855; 1m: Thionville 15.10.821 Ermengarde de Tours (*800 +20.3.851); 2m: Doda N (+after 9.7.855); 3m: NN”.⁴

Reference: Genealogics cites: Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag, Marburg, Schwennicke, Detlev (Ed.) 1.1:4.¹

     Carloman (?) Prince of Italy died WFT Est. 817-906.⁴ He was born circa 816 at France.⁴
      .⁵

     Etiennette (?) married Guillaume II "le Gros' (?) Vicomte de Marseille, seigneur de Trets, son of Guillaume I (?) vicomte de Marseille, seigneur de Trets and Bilielde/Belieldis (?), before 1019
;
His 2nd wife. Per Wikipédia (IT) says: "Guglielmo II di Marsiglia (ca. 952-1031) x nel 1019 Stefania di Forcalquier."^1,2
Etiennette (?) died circa 1055.¹
     ; Per Med Lands:
     "GUILLAUME [II] de Marseille, son of GUILLAUME [I] Vicomte de Marseille & his first wife Belieldis --- (-before 14 May 1050). "Guillelmus…vicescomes…cum filiis suis Pontio et Guillelmo" are named in a charter of "Honoratus…sedis Massiliensis episcopus" dated 31 Oct 966[537]. He succeeded his father as Vicomte de Marseille. “Pontius abba” confirmed an agreement between “Adalardum abbatem S. Victoris et Willelmum vicecomitem Massiliæ” relating to “villa Cathedræ”, by charter dated 993 which specifies that Guillaume and Pons were brothers[538]. "Wilelmus vicecomes Massiliensis" donated property to Saint-Victor de Marseille by charter dated 13 Oct 1004 subscribed by "…domnus Pontius episcopus, Guilelmus frater suus, Fulco, Aicardus…"[539]. "Wilelmus comes Provincie conjuxque mea Girberga cum filio nostro...Wilelmo" donated "in comitatu Sisterico, intra terminos de villa…Manuasca" to Marseille Saint-Victor by charter dated 1013, subscribed by “Wilelmus comes Provincie...domna Guirberga...comitissa, domnus Wilelmus eorum...soboles, Guillelmus vicecomes, Fulco frater eius, Accelena et Odila, Villelmus filius Villemi...”[540].
     "m firstly (before 15 Oct 1004) AISCELINE, daughter of [GUILLAUME & his wife ---] (-before 1019). "Wilelmus comes Provincie conjuxque mea Girberga cum filio nostro...Wilelmo" donated "in comitatu Sisterico, intra terminos de villa…Manuasca" to Marseille Saint-Victor by charter dated 1013, subscribed by “Wilelmus comes Provincie...domna Guirberga...comitissa, domnus Wilelmus eorum...soboles, Guillelmus vicecomes, Fulco frater eius, Accelena et Odila, Villelmus filius Villemi...”[541]. "Nos fratres Wilelmus atque Fulco una cum uxoribus nostris Accelena…atque Odila simulque cum liberis nostris Guilelmo, Poncio, Aicardo atque Fulcone" donated property to Saint-Victor de Marseille by charter dated 1014[542]. "Guilelmus et Fulcho frater meus…vicecomites" made a donation dated 8 Jan [1014/19] jointly with "uxores nostre Aicelina et Odila"[543]. Her parentage is confirmed by the charter dated 13 Oct 1059 under which "Gauzfredus et Vugo [ancestors of the Rians and Baux families]...et Vuilelmus juvenis nepos noster [son of Aisceline, see below] et uxor sua Adalgrada et filii sui Fulcho et Gauzfredus et Pontius et Aicardus..." donated "ecclesiam sancte Marie [et] sancti Johannis...in territorio castri...Sparronis" to Marseille Saint-Victor[544].
     "m secondly (before 1019) ETIENNETTE, daughter of --- (-1055 or after). "Vilelmus quoque vicecomes Massilie et uxor eius Stephana necnon filii illorum Poncius videl, episcopus atque fratres sui Vilelmus iuvenis et Aicardus sive Josfredus, Stephanus quoque atque Bertrannus necnon et Petrus" signed a charter dated 1039[545]. The primary source which confirms her origin has not yet been identified. "Willelmus et uxor mea Stephana et filii mei Poncius episcopi, Willelmus atque Aicardus et Gaufredus et Bertrannus et Petrus" signed a charter dated 13 Apr 1045[546]. "Gauzfredus marchio sive comes Provincie" consented to the donation by "Guillelmus vicecomes Massiliensis et uxor mea Stephana et filii mei…Stephanus et Bertrannus et Petrus" to Saint-Victor de Marseille by charter dated 1045[547]. "Petrus Wilelmi condam vicecomitis Massiliensis filius et mater mea domna Stephana et uxor mea…Theucia" donated property to Saint-Victor de Marseille by charter dated 1055[548]. Her parentage is unknown. Szabolcs de Vajay states that “il reste établi qu’elle appartenait au clan des Baux, étant la fille de Geoffroy seigneur de Rians”[549]. If that is correct, she was Etiennette, daughter of Geoffroi de Rians & his wife Scocia ---. Szabolcs de Vajay cites numerous sources supposedly in support of his statement, but none of them confirms his supposition. He says that this parentage would explain the family relationships between Bertrand Comte de Provence (son of her supposed daughter Etiennette [Douce]) and Aicard de Marseille Archbishop of Arles and Rostain de Fos Archbishop of Aix. The former was the son of the supposed older half-brother of Etiennette [Douce], so the parentage of the mother of Etiennette [Douce] is irrelevant. In the case of Archbishop Rostain de Fos, the reconstruction of the Fos family shown in this document suggests that their relationship with the Baux family may have been through the wife of the archbishop’s brother which, if correct, would also indicate that it was not relevant in determining the family origin of the second wife of Guillaume [II] Vicomte de Marseille. It is suggested that the indications provided by Szabolcs de Vajay are insufficiently precise to provide a sound basis for speculating on the parentage of Vicomte Guillaume [II]’s second wife and that the affiliation which he suggests is far from “établie”, using his word.
     "Guillaume [II] & his first wife had eight children.
     "Guillaume [II] & his second wife had [four] children."
Med Lands cites: GAV-27. Etiennette (?) was also known as Stefania di Forcalquier.²

     Irmgard/Ermengarde (?) Countess of Tours, Queen of Italy was born circa 800 at Alsace-Lorraine, France (now).³ She married Lothair I (?) King of Italy, Holy Roman Emperor, King of Bavaria, son of Louis I "The Pious, The Fair, le Debonnaire" (?) King of Aquitaine, King of the Franks, Emperor of the West and Ermengarde/Irmingard (?) of Hesbaye, Queen of the Franks, Empress, on 15 October 821 at Thionville, Departement de la Moselle, Lorraine, France (now).^{7,8,9,10,3,11}

Irmgard/Ermengarde (?) Countess of Tours, Queen of Italy died on 20 March 851 at Strasbourg, Departement du Bas-Rhin, Alsace, France (now).^12,3,11
Irmgard/Ermengarde (?) Countess of Tours, Queen of Italy was buried after 20 March 851 at Erstein Abbey, Erstein, Departement du Bas-Rhin, Alsace, France; From Find A Grave:
     BIRTH     unknown, Alsace, France
     DEATH     20 Mar 851, Strasbourg, Departement du Bas-Rhin, Alsace, France
     Born c.800 in Alsace France, died March 20 851 in Strasbourg. Mother of Lothair II. Daughter of Hugh of Tours
     Family Members
     Parents
          Hugues de Tours 775–837
     Spouse
          Lothair Carolingian 795–855 (m. 821)
     Siblings
          Hugues Comte de Bourges
          Berthe de Tours de Roussillon 800–871
          Adelaide de Tours de Bourgogne 805–866
     Children
          Ermengarde of Moselle
          Louis II 825–875
          Lothair II of Lotharingia 835–869
          Charles of Provence 845–863
     BURIAL     Erstein Abbey, Erstein, Departement du Bas-Rhin, Alsace, France
     Created by: Brett Williams
     Added: 14 Feb 2011
     Find a Grave Memorial 65649320.¹³
      ; Per Med Lands:
     "LOTHAIRE, son of Emperor LOUIS I "der Fromme/le Pieux" & his first wife Ermengard (795-Kloster Prüm 29 Sep 855, bur Kloster Prüm). Thegan's Vita Hludowici Imperatoris names (in order) "Hlutharius, Pippinus, Hludowicus" sons of Emperor Louis I & his wife Ermengard[8]. His father sent him to govern Bavaria in [Aug] 814[9]. He was crowned joint Emperor LOTHAIRE I in Jul 817 at Aachen, ruling jointly with his father. He was sent to Italy in 822, where he established his court at Pavia and was crowned King of Italy by the Archbishop of Milan. The Annales Xantenses record that "Ludewicus imperator" gave "filio suo Lothario regnum Langobardorum" in 822[10]. Einhard's Annales record that the emperor sent "Walahum monachum propinquum suum [imperatoris] fratrem…Adalhardi abbatis" to Italy in 822 with "Hlotharius…filium suum"[11]. He was again crowned Emperor, at Rome 5 Apr 823 by Pope Pascal I. The rivalry with his father and brothers was exacerbated by the unexpected birth of his half-brother Charles in 823. Tension was increased when Emperor Louis invested Charles with Alemannia, Rhetia, Alsace and part of Burgundy at Worms in Aug 829, reducing Lothaire's territory to Italy. Lothaire and his brothers rebelled in Mar 830, captured their father at Compiègne, and forced him to revert to the constitutional arrangements decided in 817. However, Emperor Louis reasserted his authority at the assemblies of Nijmegen in Oct 830 and Aix-la-Chapelle in Feb 831, and deprived Lothaire of the imperial title and relegated him once more to Italy. A further revolt of the brothers followed. Emperor Louis was defeated and deposed by his sons at Compiègne 1 Oct 833. He was exiled to the monastery of Saint-Médard de Soissons. Lothaire declared himself sole emperor 30 Jun 833, but was forced to flee to Vienne by his brothers Pepin and Louis, who freed their father. Emperor Louis was restored 1 Mar 834, crowned once more at Metz 28 Feb 835. Lothaire captured Chalon-sur-Saône, but was arrested by his father's troops near Chouzy. His father pardoned him and sent him back to Italy as king. Emperor Louis proposed yet another partition in favour of his son Charles at the assembly of Aachen in 837, which was implemented at the assembly of Worms 28 May 839 when he installed his sons Lothaire and Charles jointly, the former taking all land east of the River Meuse, the latter everything to the west, and set aside the claims of his son Louis and the successors of his late son Pepin. Lothaire succeeded as sole emperor on his father’s death 20 Jun 840. He sought to extend his power base northwards from Italy across the Alps, and deprive his half-brother Charles. The latter allied himself with his half-brother Louis, and together they defeated Lothaire at Fontenoy-en-Puisaye, near Auxerre 25 Jun 841. After retreating to Aachen, Lothaire was forced out to Lyon in Apr 842 by his brothers, who declared him incapable of governing the empire. Preliminary peace proposals signed on an island in the Saône, near Mâcon 15 Jun 842 led to the Treaty of Verdun 11 Aug 843, under which the territory of the empire was divided between the three brothers. Lothaire retained the imperial title and was also installed as LOTHAIRE I King of Lotharingia, a newly created territory covering a wide strip of land from the North Sea coast southwards to Italy, the new country being named after him. He established his seat of government at Aachen, and installed his son Louis as King of Italy. Over the following ten years, a series of meetings aimed to maintain peace between the three brothers, with varying success. After a serious illness, Emperor Lothaire abdicated in Sep 855 at Kloster Schüller, near Prüm, and divided his territories between his sons Louis II, Lothaire II and Charles. The Annales Bertiniani record that Emperor Lothaire entered "monasterium Proneæ in Arduenna", was tonsured, died "IV Kal Oct" and was buried in the monastery[12]. The necrology of Prüm records the death "855 III Kal Oct" of "Lotharius imperator"[13].
     "m (Thionville, Moselle mid-Oct 821) ERMENGARDE, daughter of HUGUES Comte [de Tours] [Etichonen] & his wife Ava --- (-20 Mar 851, bur Kloster Erstein, near Strasbourg). Thegan's Vita Hludowici Imperatoris refers to the wife of Emperor Lothaire as "filiam Hugi comitis, qui erat de stirpe cuiusdam ducis nomine Etih" and in the following paragraph names her "Irmingarda"[14]. The Annales Xantenses record the marriage in 821 of "Ludewicus imperator…filio suo Lothario" and "Ermingardam filiam Hugonis comitis Turonicorum"[15]. She founded Kloster Erstein in Alsace in 849. The Annales Xantenses record the death in 851 of "imperatrix…Irmingard, coniunx Lotharii imperatoris"[16]. The Annales Formoselenses record the death in 851 of "Irmingard regina"[17].
     "Mistress (1): DODA, daughter of --- (-after 9 Jul 855). The Annales Bertiniani records that "Lotharius imperator" took "duas sibi ancillas ex villa regia", of whom Doda gave birth to "filium…Karlomannum"[18]."
Med Lands cites:

; Per Genealogy.EU (Carolingian 1): “B1. [1m.] Lothar I, Holy Roman Emperor (817/840-855), King of Italy (833-834)+(840-855), King of Bavaria, *Altdorf 795, +Prüm 29.9.855; 1m: Thionville 15.10.821 Ermengarde de Tours (*800 +20.3.851); 2m: Doda N (+after 9.7.855); 3m: NN”.⁸

Reference: Genealogics cites:

; Per Genealogics:
     “Irmgard was born about 800, daughter of Hugues 'le Méfiant', comte de Tours, and his wife Ava. On 15 October 821 Irmagard married Lothar I, King of Italy and later Holy Roman Emperor, son of Holy Roman Emperor Louis I 'the Pious' and his wife Irmingard. Two sons, Ludwig II and Lothar II, and a daughter would have progeny. Irmgard saw to it that their children received an excellent Christian education.
     “Around 850 Irmgard founded an abbey for noblewomen at Erstein near Strasburg. Her one daughter, the widowed Rotrud, became its first abbess. On 20 March 851 Irmgard died at Erstein and was buried there. Her shrine at Erstein was destroyed during the French Revolution.”.³

; This is the same person as ”Ermengarde of Tours” at Wikipedia, as ”Ermengarde de Tours” at Wikipédia (FR), and as ”Irmingard von Tours” at Wikipedia (DE).^14,15,16 GAV-31 EDV-31 GKJ-32.

; Per Med Lands:
     "ERMENGARDE (-20 Mar 851, bur Kloster Erstein, near Strasbourg). Thegan refers to the wife of Emperor Lothar as "filiam Hugi comitis, qui erat de stirpe cuiusdam ducis nomine Etih" and in the following paragraph names her "Irmingarda"[155]. The Annales Xantenses record the marriage in 821 of "Ludewicus imperator…filio suo Lothario" and "Ermingardam filiam Hugonis comitis Turonicorum"[156]. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "Ermengardis filia…Hugonis Provincie ducis vel comitis" as wife of "Lotharius imperator"[157]. She founded Kloster Erstein in Alsace 849.
     "m (Thionville, Moselle mid-Oct 821) Emperor LOTHAR I, son of Emperor LOUIS I "le Pieux" & his first wife Ermengardis [de Hesbaye] (795-Kloster Prüm 29 Sep 855, bur Kloster Prüm). He was installed as LOTHAR I King of Lotharingia in 843."
Med Lands cites:

     Charles (?) King of Provence was born circa 845.²
Charles (?) King of Provence died on 24 January 863.²
      .⁶ He was King of Provence between 855 and 863.

     Helletrude (?) Princess of Italy died WFT Est. 833-926.² She was born circa 832 at Alsace, Lorraine, France.²
      .³

     Gisela (?) Princess of Italy was born circa 830.¹
Gisela (?) Princess of Italy died after 19 May 856.¹
      .⁵

     Louis II "The Younger" (?) King of Italy, Emperor of the East Franks was born in 825; Stone (2000, chart 30-4) says b. ca 825; Genealogy.EU (Carolin 1 page) says b. ca 822.^9,4,3,5 He married Engelberge/Ingelberga (?) of Alsace/di Spoleto in 842
; Weis (AR7, line 141B-16) says m. before 5 Oct 0851; Genealogy.EU (Carolin 1 page) says m. 855.^10,4,11,1,5
Louis II "The Younger" (?) King of Italy, Emperor of the East Franks died on 12 August 875 at Brescia, Italy; Weis (AR7, line 141B-16) says d. 12 Aug 0855; Genealogics and Med Lands says d. 12 Aug 872.^10,4,3,5
Louis II "The Younger" (?) King of Italy, Emperor of the East Franks was buried after 12 August 875 at Basilica of Sant'Ambrogio, Milan, Città Metropolitana di Milano, Lombardia, Italy; From Find A Grave:
     BIRTH     825
     DEATH     12 Aug 875 (aged 49–50)
     Holy Roman Emperor. Reigned as the Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire from 855 to 875. He was the eldest son of the Emperor Lothair I. He became King of Italy in 839 and was crowned in Rome by Pope Sergius II on June 15, 844. In 850 Pope Leo IV crowned him joint emperor and when is father died in September 855 he became sole emperor. Bio by: Bunny Boiler
     Family Members
     Parents
          Lothair Carolingian 795–855
          Ermengarde Of Tours unknown–851
     Spouse
          Engelberga di Spoleto
     Siblings
          Ermengarde of Moselle
          Lothair II of Lotharingia 835–869
          Charles of Provence 845–863
     Children
          Ermengarde of Italy 843–896
     BURIAL     Basilica of Sant'Ambrogio, Milan, Città Metropolitana di Milano, Lombardia, Italy
     Maintained by: Find a Grave
     Originally Created by: Bunny Boiler
     Added: 19 Jun 2005
     Find a Grave Memorial 11205009.¹²
     GAV-32 EDV-32 GKJ-33.

Reference: Genealogics cites: 1. Caroli Magni Progenies Neustadt an der Aisch, 1977. , Siegfried Rosch, Reference: 88.¹¹

; This is the same person as:
”Louis II of Italy” at Wikipedia and as
”Louis II le Jeune” at Wikipédia (FR).^13,14 Louis II "The Younger" (?) King of Italy, Emperor of the East Franks was also known as Ludwig II "The Younger" (?) King of Italy, Emperor of the East Franks.^4,11,2

; Per Genealogy.EU (Carolin 1): “C1. [1m.] King Louis II of Italy (844-875), Emperor of East Franks (855-875), *ca 822, +Brescia 12.8.875; m.855 Engelburge of Alsace/di Spoleto (*by 855 +890)”.¹⁵

; Per Med Lands:
     "LOUIS "le Jeune" ([825]-near Brescia 12 Aug 875, bur Milan, San Ambrosio). Regino names "Hludowicum, Hlotharium et Carolum" as the three sons of Emperor Lothar & his wife[650]. He was sent to Italy as king in 844, crowned in Rome in 844 as LOUIS King of Italy by Pope Sergius II. After the Arab sack of Rome in 846, he led troops south to arrange better protection for the city. They started by unsuccessfully attempting to recapture Bari, but more importantly Louis was able to achieve a settlement to the civil war between Benevento and Salerno by arranging a division of territories between the two sides under the Radelgisi et Siginulfi Divisio Ducatus Beneventani signed in early 849[651]. He was crowned joint Emperor LOUIS II in Rome in Apr 850 by Pope Leo IV, ruling jointly with his father. He was sole emperor after the death of his father in 855. He claimed part of the territory inherited by his brother Lothaire, a final settlement being achieved between the three brothers at Orbe, Jura in Oct 856. He acquired Geneva, Lausanne and Sitten from his brother Lothaire in 859. After the death of his brother Charles in 863, Louis and his surviving brother Lothaire agreed a division of Charles's territories, Louis taking half of Provence and part of Transjuranian Burgundy. On the death of his brother Lothaire, their uncle Charles II "le Chauve" King of the West Franks appropriated his territories ignoring Emperor Louis's protests[652]. From his base at Benevento King Louis began preparations to recapture Bari from the Arabs in 865. He negotiated Byzantine naval help for the project in 868/69, the agreement being confirmed by his daughter's betrothal. However, the Byzantine fleet which arrived in summer 869 departed abruptly, although the reasons for this are unclear, and the betrothal was terminated. Bari eventually fell in Feb 871 to a combined Frankish/Lombard army[653]. [Betrothed ([842/43], contract broken) to [--- of Byzantium], daughter of Emperor THEOPHILOS & his wife Theodora ---. This betrothal is referred to by Settipani[654]. According to the Continuata Constantinopolitana, the negotiations did not get as far as a formal betrothal[655].]
     "m (betrothed 851 before 5 Oct, [852]) ENGELBERGA, daughter of --- (-[896/901]). "Hludowicus…imperator augustus" names "sponsam nostram Angilbergam" in a charter dated 5 Oct [860] by which he granted Campo Miliacio in the county of Modena to her[656]. Her origins are unknown. According to some secondary sources[657], she was Engelberga, daughter of Adalgis [I] Count of Parma, Duke of Spoleto [Supponidi]. Jean-Noël Mathieu highlghts that this is supported only by Count Suppo [III] being referred to in 870 as consobrinus of the emperor´s wife[658]. The origin of Empress Engelberga is discussed briefly by Odegaard, who dismisses the proposed Supponidi connection but proposes no alternative theory[659]. Some clue is also suggested by Emperor Karl III who confirmed grants to "Angilbergam…Hludouuici…imperatori consobrini nostri coniugem augustam, dilectam sororem nostram" by charter dated 23 Mar 880[660]. In addition, Emperor Karl refers to Engelberga's daughter as "neptam nostram Hermingardam…filioque suo Hludouuico nepoti nostro et sororibus eius"[661]. Jean-Noël Mathieu suggests that these references could mean that Engelberga was the uterine half-sister of the emperor, the daughter of his mother Emma by an otherwise unknown first marriage[662]. However, this assumes that "soror" and "neptis" should be interpreted in these documents in their strictest sense, although a wide variety of meaning is attributed to the terms in contemporary sources. Another possibility is that Engelberta was related to Emperor Karl III through his wife Richardis who was the daughter of Graf Erchanger (see FRANCONIA). The different possibilities are too numerous and uncertain for further speculation about Engelberga´s parentage to be worthwhile. Engelberga´s over-bearing manner triggered her arrest and that of her husband at Benevento in Aug 871, although their release was negotiated within a month by the bishop of Benevento[663]. "Hludowicus…imperator augustus" granted the abbey of San Salvatore to "nostra coniux…Angilberga ante filiam…nostrum Hermengardem" by charter dated at Venosa 28 Apr 868[664]. Suspected of supporting the usurpation of her son-in-law King Boso, she was imprisoned in a convent in Alemannia by Charles III "le Gros" King of the East Franks, but returned to Italy with his permission in Oct 882[665]. Abbess of San Sisto at Piacenza in 896."
Med Lands cites: He was King of Italy between 844 and 875.⁴ He was Emperor of the East Franks between 850 and 12 August 875.^{10,16,11,4,14}

     Lothaire II "The Saxon" (?) King of Lorraine was born in 835; Genealogics says b. ca 835; Genealogy.EU (Carolin 1 page) says b. 827/835; Med Lands says b. 835.^8,2,3,4 He married Teutberge (?) d'Arles, daughter of Boson "l'Ancien" (?) Cte de Valois and Engeltrude (?) d'Amiens, circa 855
; His 1st wife.^9,2,3,4,10 Lothaire II "The Saxon" (?) King of Lorraine and Teutberge (?) d'Arles were divorced in 860; Med Lands says separated 857, repudiated 860.^2,3,4 Lothaire II "The Saxon" (?) King of Lorraine married Waldrada (?) on 25 October 862
;
His 2nd wife. Genealogy.EU (Carolin 1 page) and Genealogics say m. 15 Oct 862. Med Lands says Mistress from 855; "King Lothaire purported to marry Waldrada in [Aug/Sep] 862 and crowned her as Queen, but this was not recognised by the church."^{2,3,8,4,11,12}
Lothaire II "The Saxon" (?) King of Lorraine died on 8 August 869 at Piacenza, Italy (now).^13,2,3,4
Lothaire II "The Saxon" (?) King of Lorraine was buried after 8 August 869 at Basilica di Sant'Antonino, Piacenza, Provincia di Piacenza, Emilia-Romagna, Italy (now); From Find A Grave:
     BIRTH     unknown, France
     DEATH     unknown, Italy
     Lothaire II was the King of Lorraine from 855 to 869. He was born in 835, the second son of Emperor Lothair I and Ermengarde of Tours. Lothair married Teutberga, daughter of Boso the Elder. He repudiated her in 862 for his concubine Waldrada. From 858 until 869 he battled to get rid of his wife. This cost him the court of Rome, and an excommunication by the Church, for which he had to beg the pardon of the Pope. Upon the death of his brother, Charles de Provence in 863, Lothar II would get the center of Charles' Kingdom (since Charles had no son). He married on December 25, 862 his concubine Waldrade d'Alsace. Lothair died: on August 8, 869 from fever in Piacenza, Italy. Lothair and Waldrada Children:
* Hugh who was declared illegitimate, and his kingdom was divided between his uncles Charles the Bald and Louis the German by the Treaty of Meerssen
* Ermengard of Lorraine
* Bertha of Lorraine who married Theobald of Arles, she is buried in Basilica di San Frediano, Santa Maria, Lucca, Italy.
* Gisela of Lorraine who married Godfrid of Frisia
     Family Members
     Parents
      Lothair Carolingian 795–855
      Ermengarde Of Tours unknown–851
     Spouse
      Waldrada d'Alsace
     Siblings
      Ermengarde of Moselle
      Louis II 825–875
      Charles of Provence 845–863
     Children
      Bertha Of Lotharingia
      Gisele of Lorraine 869–907
     BURIAL     Basilica di Sant'Antonino, Piacenza, Provincia di Piacenza, Emilia-Romagna, Italy
     Created by: Mad
     Added: 17 Dec 2011
     Find A Grave Memorial 82099787.^14,4
     Reference: Genealogics cites: Caroli Magni Progenies, Neustadt an der Aisch, 1977 , Rösch, Siegfried. 90.³ GAV-31 EDV-32 GKJ-32.

; This is the same person as ”Lothair II” at Wikipedia, as ”Lothaire II (roi de Lotharingie)” at Wikipédia (FR), and as ”Lothar II. (Lothringen)” at Wikipedia (DE).^15,16,17

; Per Genealogics:
     "Lothar II was born about 835, the second son of Emperor Lothar I, king of Lotharingia, and Irmengard de Tours. About 855 he married Teutberga, daughter of Boso 'the Old', count of Arles. The marriage did not result in progeny.
     "Upon his father's death in 855, Lothar received as his kingdom a territory west of the Rhine stretching from the North Sea to the Jura mountains. It became known as _Regnum Lotharii_ and early in the 10th century as Lotharingia or Lorraine (a designation subsequently applied only to the duchy of Lorraine). His elder brother Ludwig II received northern Italy and the title of Emperor, and his younger brother Karl received the western parts of his father's domains, Burgundy and the Provence.
     "On the death of his brother Karl in 863, Lothar added some lands south of the Jura to his realm, but except for a few feeble expeditions against the Norman pirates he seems to have done little for its government or its defence.
     "Lothar's reign was chiefly occupied by his efforts to obtain a divorce from his wife Teutberga, sister of Hugbert, count of Arles and lay abbott of the Abbey of Saint Maurice in Valais, and his relations with his uncles Charles 'the Bald' and Ludwig II 'the German' were influenced by his desire to obtain their support for this endeavour. Although quarrels and reconciliations between the three kings followed each other in quick succession, in general it may be said that Ludwig favoured the divorce, and Charles opposed it, while neither lost sight of the fact that Lothar had no sons to inherit his lands. Lothar, whose desire for the divorce was prompted by his affection for his mistress Waldrada, put aside Teutberga, but her brother Hugbert took up arms on her behalf, and after she had submitted successfully to the ordeal of water, Lothar was compelled to restore her in 858. Still pursuing his purpose, he won the support of his brother, Emperor Ludwig II, by a cession of lands and obtained the consent of the local clergy to the divorce and to his marriage with Waldrada which took place in 862.
     "A synod of Frankish bishops met at Metz in 863 and confirmed the consent of the local clergy, but Teutberga fled to the court of her husband's uncle Charles 'the Bald', and Pope Nicholas I voided the decision of the synod. An attack on Rome by Lothar's elder brother, Emperor Ludwig II, was without result, and in 865 Lothar, threatened with excommunication and convinced that his uncles Ludwig and Charles at their recent meeting had discussed the partition of his kingdom, again took back his wife. Teutberga, however, either from inclination or compulsion, now expressed her desire for a divorce, and Lothar went to Italy to obtain the assent of the new pope, Adrian II. Placing a favourable interpretation upon the words of the pope, he had set out on the return journey when he was seized with fever and died at Piacenza on 8 August 869.
     "He left, by Waldrada, a son Hugo and three daughters, all of whom were declared illegitimate. Lothar intended Hugo to be his heir and in 867 Hugo became duke in the Elsass. Hugo fell in love with Friderada, wife of Bernhar, one of his followers. After having Bernhar killed, in 883 he married Friderada. In June 885 Hugo was blinded and became a monk in the Abbey of Prüm. Childless, Hugo died after 895.
     "Only Lothar's daughter Bertha would have progeny, marrying first Theobald, count of Arles, a nephew of her father's wife Teutberga, then Adalbert, margrave of Tuscany, count of Canossa.
     "Lothar's kingdom was divided between his uncles Charles 'the Bald' and Ludwig 'the German' by the Treaty of Meerssen.“.³ Lothaire II "The Saxon" (?) King of Lorraine was also known as Lothair II (?) King of Lotharingia.⁹

; Per Med Lands:
     "LOTHAIRE ([835]-Piacenza 8 Aug 869, bur Convent of San Antonio near Piacenza). Regino names "Hludowicum, Hlotharium et Carolum" as the three sons of Emperor Lothaire & his wife[32]. "Lothario rege" is named "filio imperatoris Lotharii" by Folcuin[33]. The Annales Bertiniani record that Emperor Lothaire gave Frisia to his son Lothaire in 855[34]. He succeeded his father in 855 as LOTHAIRE II King of Lotharingia, with Aachen as his capital. He attempted to annul his marriage to marry his mistress of many years, but was opposed by Hincmar Archbishop of Reims, and later Pope Nicholas I who ordered him to return to his wife 15 Aug 865. He was negotiating with Pope Hadrian II for a new decision when he died of malaria[35]. On his death, his lands were divided between Ludwig II "der Deutsche" King of the East Franks and Charles II "le Chauve" King of the West Franks, instead of passing to his brother Emperor Louis despite the latter's objections. The necrology of Prüm records the death "869 Kal Iul" of "Lotharius rex filius eius [=Lotharius imperator]"[36].
     "m ([855], separated 857, repudiated 860) TEUTBERGA, daughter of BOSO "l'Ancien" Comte d’Arles & his wife --- (-Metz before 25 Nov 875, bur Metz, Abbaye de Sainte-Glossinde). The Annales Lobienses name "Tietberga, sorore Hucberti abbatis" as lawful wife of "Lotharius"[37]. The Annales Bertiniani name "Teutbergam" as "materteram suam [=Bosone filio Buvini comitis]"[38]. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "Thieberga regina legitima uxore [Lotharii]", specifying that she relied on the advice of "Bosonis comitis" at the time of her repudiation, although her relationship to him is not specified[39]. Herimannus names "Tiohtpirga uxore legitima" of King Lothaire II when recording his repudiation of her[40]. She protected the wife of Boso Count in Italy after she deserted her husband. She was repudiated on the grounds of her alleged incest with her brother Hugobert[41]. Her husband kept her prisoner after separating from her. The Annales Bertiniani record that "uxor Lotharii" fled to "fratrem suum Hucbertum in regno Karli" in 860[42]. She escaped in 860 and sought refuge with Charles II "le Chauve" who gave her the abbey of Avenay in the diocese of Reims. The Annales Bertiniani records that "uxore [Lothario]" gave support to "uxori Bosonis et Balduino qui filiam eius [=Karoli regis] furatus fuerat in uxorem"[43]. Abbess of Sainte Glossinde at Metz 869. "Heccardus comes" names "…Teutbergane uxore Lotharii…" among the beneficiaries under his testamentary disposition dated to [Jan 876][44]. It is not certain that this refers to the separated wife of King Lothar II, but no other "Teutberga/Lothaire" couple has been identified at the time. If this identification is correct, it suggests a family relationship between Teutberga and Ecchard, which has not yet been identified.
     "Mistress (1): (from [855]) WALDRADA, daughter of --- (-9 Apr after 868). One manuscript of the Gesta Treverorum names "Waldradam sororem…Guntheri Coloniensis archiepiscopus" when recording her adulterous relationship with King Lothaire II[45]. The Cæsarii Heisterbacensis Catalogus of archbishops of Köln records that the concubine of "Lotharius" was "Waldradam, sororem Guntheri archiepiscopi Coloniensis" and that her brother encouraged Lothaire to leave his legitimate wife for Waldrada, for which he was excommunicated by the Pope[46]. The Annales Novesienses record that “Guntherus episcopus Coloniensis” had “sororem…Vastradam…aliis Waldradam” whom “dux Lotharingiæ Lotharius…superdixit” after her brother approved his divorce from “legitima uxore Tyberga”[47]. According to Baron Ernouf[48], Gunther archbishop of Köln was uncle of Waldrada and Thetgaud archbishop of Trier was her brother, but the primary source on which this is based has not yet been identified. The Annales Bertiniani names "Hlotharius Waldradam concubinam" when recording that Lothaire purported to marry her in 862 and crowned her with the support of "Liutfrido avunculo suo et Waltario"[49]. Waldrada was also related to the Etichonen Grafen im Nordgau (ALSACE), as shown by the Vita Sancti Deicoli which names "Waldrada…Heberardo comitis consanguinitatis"[50], but the precise relationship is not known. Folcuin records King Lothaire's excommunication after repudiating his wife for Waldrada[51]. King Lothaire purported to marry Waldrada in [Aug/Sep] 862 and crowned her as Queen, but this was not recognised by the church[52]. She became a nun at Remiremont."
Med Lands cites:

; Per Genealogy.EU (Carolin 1): “C3. [1m.] Lothar II, King of Lotharingia (855-869), *827/835, +Plaisance/=Piacenza 8.8.869; 1m: 855 Teutberge de Arles (reputiated 862); 2m: 15.10.862 Waldrada N (*ca 836 +after 868), a concubine”.¹⁸

; Per Med Lands:
     "[WALDRADA (-9 Apr after 868). One manuscript of the Gesta Treverorum names "Waldradam sororem…Guntheri Coloniensis archiepiscopus" when recording her adulterous relationship with King Lothaire II[137]. The Cæsarii Heisterbacensis Catalogus of archbishops of Köln records that the concubine of "Lotharius" was "Waldradam, sororem Guntheri archiepiscopi Coloniensis" and that her brother encouraged Lothaire to leave his legitimate wife for Waldrada, for which he was excommunicated by the Pope[138]. The Annales Novesienses record that “Guntherus episcopus Coloniensis” had “sororem…Vastradam…aliis Waldradam” whom “dux Lotharingiæ Lotharius…superdixit” after her brother approved his divorce from “legitima uxore Tyberga”[139]. According to Baron Ernouf[140], Gunther archbishop of Köln was uncle of Waldrada and Thetgaud archbishop of Trier was her brother, but the primary source on which this is based has not yet been identified. The Annales Bertiniani names "Hlotharius Waldradam concubinam" when recording that Lothaire purported to marry her in 862 and crowned her with the support of "Liutfrido avunculo suo et Waltario"[141]. Waldrada was also related to the Etichonen Grafen im Nordgau (ALSACE), as shown by the Vita Sancti Deicoli which names "Waldrada…Heberardo comitis consanguinitatis"[142], but the precise relationship is not known. Folcuin records King Lothaire's excommunication after repudiating his wife for Waldrada[143]. King Lothaire purported to marry Waldrada in [Aug/Sep] 862 and crowned her as Queen, but this was not recognised by the church[144]. She became a nun at Remiremont.
     "Mistress (from [855]) of LOTHAIRE II King of Lotharingia, son of Emperor LOTHAIRE I King of Lotharingia & his wife Ermengarde de Tours (-Piacenza 8 Aug 868)."
Med Lands cites:

; Per Genealogy.EU (Bosonides): “A4. Teutberge, +before 25.11.875; m.855 (div 857) King Lothair II of Lotharingia (*ca 835 +869)”.¹⁹ He and Waldrada (?) were associated in 855; Mistress/concubine.^18,4,12 Lothaire II "The Saxon" (?) King of Lorraine was King of Lorraine between 855 and 869.²⁰

     Pepin I (?) King of Aquitaine was born between 797 and 803 at France.^2,3,4 He married Ringart (?), daughter of Theodebert (?) of Madrie, in September 822.^10,11,12,6,4

Pepin I (?) King of Aquitaine died on 13 December 838.^3,2,4
     ; NB: There is no certainty about the parents of Rotrud. The discussion is complex and relies on few hard facts. I would refer readers to the comments in the sources cited here to develop their own opinions. I have chosen to follow the lineage proposed most recently by Christian Settipani, assigning Gerard two wives, and one of them (Rotrud) probably being the dau. of Pepin I King of Auvergne (son of Louis I "The Pious"). GA Vaut.^{13,14,15,6,16,17} Pepin I (?) King of Aquitaine was also known as Pippin I (?) King of Aquitaine.⁷ GAV-32.

; This is the same person as ”Pepin I of Aquitaine” at Wikipedia and as ”Pépin Ier d'Aquitaine” at Wikipédia (FR).^18,19

Reference: Genealogics cites: Caroli Magni Progenies, Neustadt an der Aisch, 1977 , Rösch, Siegfried. 78.⁷

; Per Med Lands:
     "PEPIN ([797]-Poitiers 13 Dec 838, bur Poitiers, église collégiale de Sainte-Radégonde). Thegan's Vita Hludowici Imperatoris names (in order) "Hlutharius, Pippinus, Hludowicus" as sons of Emperor Louis I and his wife Ermengardis[77]. His father sent him to govern in Aquitaine in [Aug] 814[78]. Under the Ordinatio Imperii promulgated by Emperor Louis in 817, Pepin received "Aequitaniam et Wasconiam et markam Tolosanam totam, et…comitatos quatuor…in Septimania Carcassensem, et in Burgundia Augustudunensem et Avalensem et Nivernensem", specifying that he was to be named king[79], and thereby became PEPIN I King of Aquitaine. He joined his brothers in rebelling against their father in 830, but after his father was restored the following year he rebelled once more. His father deprived him of Aquitaine in Sep 832, granting it to Pepin's half-brother Charles. He joined his brothers' further rebellion in 833, but with his brother Louis restored their father in 834 after their brother Lothaire had seized sole power. His father restored Pepin in Aquitaine 15 Mar 834 at Quierzy-sur-Oise. "Pipinus…rex Aquitanorum" granted privileges to Saint-Julien de Brioude, for the souls of "uxorisque nostræ Ingeltrudis reginæ…Hermeingardæ quondam reginæ, genetricisque nostræ Thetberti ac Nebelongi comitis, patris et avi eiusdem Ingeltrudis et prolis" by charter dated 12 Mar 836[80]. His territory was reduced, in 837 and in 839, in favour of his half-brother Charles. The Annales Bertiniani record the death "838 Id Dec" of "Pippinus filius imperatoris"[81]. The Chronicle of Adémar de Chabannes records the death of "Pipinus rex Aquitanie filius imperatoris" and his burial "Pictavis apud Sanctam Radegundem"[82]. The Chronicle of Saint-Maxence records the burial of "Pipinus rex Aquitaniæ, filius Ludovici imperatoris" at "Sanctam Radegundem Pictavis"[83]. When he died, his territories reverted to the empire[84].
     "m (Sep 822) RINGARDIS, daughter of THEODEBERT Comte de Madrie & his wife --- (bur Poitiers, église collégiale de Sainte-Radégonde). The wife of King Pepin is called "filia Theotberti comitis" in the Vita Hludowicis Imperatoris[85]. Einhard's Annales record the marriage in 822 of "Pippinum…in Aquitanium" and "filiam Theotberti comitis Matricensis"[86]. The Miraculis Sancti Genulfi refers to "sororem [Robertus]" as wife of "Pipinus"[87]. A contemporary poem in honour of King Pepin names "Irmgart" as his wife[88], although Settipani highlights that the original manuscript of this poem names her "Ringart"[89]. "Pipinus…rex Aquitanorum" granted privileges to Saint-Julien de Brioude, for the souls of "uxorisque nostræ Ingeltrudis reginæ…Hermeingardæ quondam reginæ, genetricisque nostræ Thetberti ac Nebelongi comitis, patris et avi eiusdem Ingeltrudis et prolis" by charter dated 12 Mar 836[90], which misnames the wife of King Pepin I but which gives an intriguing insight into the possibility that her father was descended from the Nibelung/Theoderic family (see CAROLINGIAN NOBILITY). Settipani casts doubt on the veracity of the information in this charter[91]."
Med Lands cites:

; Per The Henry Project:
     "Pepin/Pippin I, b. say 797, d. 13 December 838; king of Aquitaine, 814-838; ["Pippinus, filius imperatoris, rex Aquitaniae, Idus Decembris defunctus est, relictis duobus filiis Pippino et Karolo." Ann. Bertin., s.a. 838, 16]
     "m. 822, Ringart (Hringard), daughter of Teudbert, count of Madrie. ["Pippinum autem in Aquitaniam ire praecepit, quem tamen prius filiam Theotberti comitis Matricensis in coniugium fecit accipere et post nuptias celebratas ad occiduas partes proficisci.", ARF, s.a. 822, 159]."⁶

; Per Genealogy.EU (Carolin 1): “B2. King Pepin I of Aquitaine (814-838), *797/803, +Poitiers 13.12.833/838; m.IX.822 Ingeltrude (+after 12.3.836), dau.of Theodebert of Madrie”.²⁰

; Per Med Lands:
     "RINGARDIS ([805/10][403]- ----, bur Poitiers, église collégiale de Sainte-Radégonde). The wife of King Pepin I is called "filia Theotberti comitis" in the Vita Hludowicis Imperatoris[404]. Einhard's Annales record the marriage in 822 of "Pippinum…in Aquitanium" and "filiam Theotberti comitis Matricensis"[405]. The Miraculis Sancti Genulfi refers to "sororem [Robertus]" as wife of "Pipinus"[406]. A contemporary poem in honour of King Pepin names "Irmgart" as his wife[407], although Settipani highlights that the original manuscript of this poem names her "Ringart"[408]. "Pipinus…rex Aquitanorum" granted privileges to Saint-Julien de Brioude, for the souls of "uxorisque nostræ Ingeltrudis reginæ…Hermeingardæ quondam reginæ, genetricisque nostræ Thetberti ac Nebelongi comitis, patris et avi eiusdem Ingeltrudis et prolis" by charter dated 12 Mar 836[409], which misnames his mother but which gives an intriguing insight into the possibilities that her father was descended from the Nibelung/Theoderic family as discussed above.
     "m (Sep 822) PEPIN I King of Aquitaine, son of Emperor LOUIS I "le Pieux" & his first wife Ermengardis [de Hesbaye] ([797]-Poitiers 13 Dec 838, bur Poitiers, église collégiale de Sainte-Radégonde)."
Med Lands cites: He was King of Aquitaine
See attached map of Aquitaine ca 828 (from Wikipedia - Par Trasamundo — Cette image a été retouchée, ce qui signifie qu'elle a été modifiée par ordinateur et est différente de l'image d'origine. L'image d'origine se trouve ici : Carolingian empire 828.svg: ., Domaine public, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=10478734) between 814 and 838.^3,2

     Ringart (?) was born between 805 and 810.² She married Pepin I (?) King of Aquitaine, son of Louis I "The Pious, The Fair, le Debonnaire" (?) King of Aquitaine, King of the Franks, Emperor of the West and Ermengarde/Irmingard (?) of Hesbaye, Queen of the Franks, Empress, in September 822.^4,1,2,5,6

      ; Per Med Lands:
     "PEPIN ([797]-Poitiers 13 Dec 838, bur Poitiers, église collégiale de Sainte-Radégonde). Thegan's Vita Hludowici Imperatoris names (in order) "Hlutharius, Pippinus, Hludowicus" as sons of Emperor Louis I and his wife Ermengardis[77]. His father sent him to govern in Aquitaine in [Aug] 814[78]. Under the Ordinatio Imperii promulgated by Emperor Louis in 817, Pepin received "Aequitaniam et Wasconiam et markam Tolosanam totam, et…comitatos quatuor…in Septimania Carcassensem, et in Burgundia Augustudunensem et Avalensem et Nivernensem", specifying that he was to be named king[79], and thereby became PEPIN I King of Aquitaine. He joined his brothers in rebelling against their father in 830, but after his father was restored the following year he rebelled once more. His father deprived him of Aquitaine in Sep 832, granting it to Pepin's half-brother Charles. He joined his brothers' further rebellion in 833, but with his brother Louis restored their father in 834 after their brother Lothaire had seized sole power. His father restored Pepin in Aquitaine 15 Mar 834 at Quierzy-sur-Oise. "Pipinus…rex Aquitanorum" granted privileges to Saint-Julien de Brioude, for the souls of "uxorisque nostræ Ingeltrudis reginæ…Hermeingardæ quondam reginæ, genetricisque nostræ Thetberti ac Nebelongi comitis, patris et avi eiusdem Ingeltrudis et prolis" by charter dated 12 Mar 836[80]. His territory was reduced, in 837 and in 839, in favour of his half-brother Charles. The Annales Bertiniani record the death "838 Id Dec" of "Pippinus filius imperatoris"[81]. The Chronicle of Adémar de Chabannes records the death of "Pipinus rex Aquitanie filius imperatoris" and his burial "Pictavis apud Sanctam Radegundem"[82]. The Chronicle of Saint-Maxence records the burial of "Pipinus rex Aquitaniæ, filius Ludovici imperatoris" at "Sanctam Radegundem Pictavis"[83]. When he died, his territories reverted to the empire[84].
     "m (Sep 822) RINGARDIS, daughter of THEODEBERT Comte de Madrie & his wife --- (bur Poitiers, église collégiale de Sainte-Radégonde). The wife of King Pepin is called "filia Theotberti comitis" in the Vita Hludowicis Imperatoris[85]. Einhard's Annales record the marriage in 822 of "Pippinum…in Aquitanium" and "filiam Theotberti comitis Matricensis"[86]. The Miraculis Sancti Genulfi refers to "sororem [Robertus]" as wife of "Pipinus"[87]. A contemporary poem in honour of King Pepin names "Irmgart" as his wife[88], although Settipani highlights that the original manuscript of this poem names her "Ringart"[89]. "Pipinus…rex Aquitanorum" granted privileges to Saint-Julien de Brioude, for the souls of "uxorisque nostræ Ingeltrudis reginæ…Hermeingardæ quondam reginæ, genetricisque nostræ Thetberti ac Nebelongi comitis, patris et avi eiusdem Ingeltrudis et prolis" by charter dated 12 Mar 836[90], which misnames the wife of King Pepin I but which gives an intriguing insight into the possibility that her father was descended from the Nibelung/Theoderic family (see CAROLINGIAN NOBILITY). Settipani casts doubt on the veracity of the information in this charter[91]."
Med Lands cites:

; Per Genealogy.EU (Carolin 1): “B2. King Pepin I of Aquitaine (814-838), *797/803, +Poitiers 13.12.833/838; m.IX.822 Ingeltrude (+after 12.3.836), dau.of Theodebert of Madrie”.⁷

; Per The Henry Project:
     "Pepin/Pippin I, b. say 797, d. 13 December 838; king of Aquitaine, 814-838; ["Pippinus, filius imperatoris, rex Aquitaniae, Idus Decembris defunctus est, relictis duobus filiis Pippino et Karolo." Ann. Bertin., s.a. 838, 16]
     "m. 822, Ringart (Hringard), daughter of Teudbert, count of Madrie. ["Pippinum autem in Aquitaniam ire praecepit, quem tamen prius filiam Theotberti comitis Matricensis in coniugium fecit accipere et post nuptias celebratas ad occiduas partes proficisci.", ARF, s.a. 822, 159]."⁵ GAV-32.

Reference: Genealogics cites: Caroli Magni Progenies, Neustadt an der Aisch, 1977 , Rösch, Siegfried. 78.¹ Ringart (?) was also known as Ingeltrude (?) Queen of Aquitaine.³

; Per Med Lands:
     "RINGARDIS ([805/10][403]- ----, bur Poitiers, église collégiale de Sainte-Radégonde). The wife of King Pepin I is called "filia Theotberti comitis" in the Vita Hludowicis Imperatoris[404]. Einhard's Annales record the marriage in 822 of "Pippinum…in Aquitanium" and "filiam Theotberti comitis Matricensis"[405]. The Miraculis Sancti Genulfi refers to "sororem [Robertus]" as wife of "Pipinus"[406]. A contemporary poem in honour of King Pepin names "Irmgart" as his wife[407], although Settipani highlights that the original manuscript of this poem names her "Ringart"[408]. "Pipinus…rex Aquitanorum" granted privileges to Saint-Julien de Brioude, for the souls of "uxorisque nostræ Ingeltrudis reginæ…Hermeingardæ quondam reginæ, genetricisque nostræ Thetberti ac Nebelongi comitis, patris et avi eiusdem Ingeltrudis et prolis" by charter dated 12 Mar 836[409], which misnames his mother but which gives an intriguing insight into the possibilities that her father was descended from the Nibelung/Theoderic family as discussed above.
     "m (Sep 822) PEPIN I King of Aquitaine, son of Emperor LOUIS I "le Pieux" & his first wife Ermengardis [de Hesbaye] ([797]-Poitiers 13 Dec 838, bur Poitiers, église collégiale de Sainte-Radégonde)."
Med Lands cites:

     Pepin II (?) King of Aquitaine was born between 823 and 825 at France.^1,6
Pepin II (?) King of Aquitaine died after 864 at Senlis.^6,1
      ; Leo van de Pas cites: 1. Caroli Magni Progenies Neustadt an der Aisch, 1977. , Siegfried Rosch, Reference: 78.⁶

.⁷ He was King of Aquitaine between 842 and 859.¹

     Mathilda (?) Princess of Aquitaine died WFT Est. 826-919.² She was born circa 825 at France.²
      .³