Person Page - 632

     Guillaume II/III de Nevers Comte de Nevers married Adelaide (?)¹
Guillaume II/III de Nevers Comte de Nevers was born circa 1070.¹
Guillaume II/III de Nevers Comte de Nevers died in 1147.¹

     Adelaide (?) married Guillaume II/III de Nevers Comte de Nevers, son of Renaud II de Nevers Count of Nevers & Auxerre and Agnès de Beaugency.²

     EDV-28 GKJ-28.

     Anne de Nevers married Guillaume VIII 'le Vieux' d'Auvergne Comte d'Auvergne, son of Guillaume VI d'Auvergne Comte d'Auvergne et de Velay and Emma de Hauteville.³

     Guillaume VIII 'le Vieux' d'Auvergne Comte d'Auvergne married Anne de Nevers, daughter of Guillaume II/III de Nevers Comte de Nevers and Adelaide (?).¹

Guillaume VIII 'le Vieux' d'Auvergne Comte d'Auvergne died circa 1182.¹

     Isabelle de Blois Cts de Chartres et de Romorantin, dame d’Amboise was born in 1180.² She married Sulpice III d'Amboise Seigneur d'Amboise, son of Hugues III d'Amboise Sire d'Amboise, Seigneur de Jaligny and Mathilde (?) de Vendôme, before 1196
; her 2nd husband.^1,8,3,4 Isabelle de Blois Cts de Chartres et de Romorantin, dame d’Amboise married Jean II de Montmirail Mathilde de Vendôme et de Cambrai, seigneur de Montmirail, seigneur d'Oisy, son of Jean I de Montmirail Chatelain de Cambrai and Helvide de Dampierre Dame de Somsois, before 1224
; her 1st husband.^1,2,3,4
Isabelle de Blois Cts de Chartres et de Romorantin, dame d’Amboise died on 25 November 1248.^1,4

     Roger I de Hauteville Count of Sicily was born in 1031 at Caen, Departement du Calvados, Basse-Normandie, France (now).^2,4,5,10 He married Judith (?) d'Evreux, daughter of Guillaume d'Evreux and Havoise Giroie, in November 1061 at San Martino d'Agri
;
His 1st wife; per Stasser email 27 March 2004: "By Judith, married between Christmas 1061 and Spring 1062, the count of Sicily had at least 4 daughters: (1) the anonymous wife of Hugues of Gircea, married before 1075/76... (2) Mathilda, 2nd wife of Raymond IV of Saint gilles, Count of Toulouse.... (3) Adelisa, wife of Henri count of Monte san Angelo before March 1083 ... (4) Emma, engaged to King Philippe I of France (who was still married to Bertha of Holland), and finally married to a count of Clermont by her brother in law Raymond of Toulouse ... She
afterwards married Raoul macchabee, count of Montescaglioso."^{2,11,4,5,12,13} Roger I de Hauteville Count of Sicily married Eremburge (?) de Mortain, daughter of Robert I d'Eu Comte d'Eu and Beatrice (?), circa 1077
;
His 2nd wife; per Stasser email 27 March 2004: "By Eremburge of Mortain, Count roger had at least 1 daughter, named Mathilda, wife before december 1092 Robert, count of Eu."^{2,11,4,5,14,15} Roger I de Hauteville Count of Sicily married Adelaida (?) di Savona, Regent of Sicily, daughter of Manfredo (?) Marchese di Savona, in 1087
;
His 3rd wife; her 1st husband.^{2,16,17,18,4,5}
Roger I de Hauteville Count of Sicily died on 22 June 1101 at Mileto, Provincia di Vibo-Valentia, Calabria, Italy (now).^2,4,5
Roger I de Hauteville Count of Sicily was buried after 22 June 1101 at Chiesa della SS. Trinità, Mileto, Provincia di Vibo-Valentia, Calabria, Italy; From Find A Grave:
     BIRTH     "1031, Caen, Departement du Calvados, Basse-Normandie, France
     "DEATH     22 Jun 1101 (aged 69–70), Sicilia, Italy
     "Roger I also called Bosso and the Great Count, was the Norman Count of Sicily from 1071 to 1101. He was the last great leader of the Norman conquest of southern Italy. Roger was the youngest son of Tancred of Hauteville by his second wife Fredisenda. He arrived in Southern Italy soon after 1055. Roger's first marriage took place in 1061, to Judith, daughter of William, Count of Évreux and Hawisa of Échauffour. She died in 1076, leaving all daughters:
     "In 1077, Roger married a second time, to Eremburga of Mortain, daughter of "William, Count of Mortain" (probably William Warlenc). Their children were:
     "Roger's third and last wife was Adelaide del Vasto, niece of Boniface, Lord of Savona. They married in 1087. Their children were:
     Family Members
     Parents
          Tancred II of Hauteville unknown–1041
     Spouse
          Adelaide del Vasto 1074–1118
     Siblings
          Humphrey de Hauteville 1008–1057
          William de Hauteville 1009–1046
          Robert de Guiscard 1022–1085
          William de Hauteville 1025–1080
     Children
          Felicia de Hauteville 1077–1102
          Roger of Sicily 1095–1154
     BURIAL     Chiesa della SS. Trinità, Mileto, Provincia di Vibo-Valentia, Calabria, Italy
     Created by: Mad
     Added: 26 Jun 2012
     Find a Grave Memorial 92654017.^5,10
      ; per Genealogy.EU: "Roger I, Ct of Sicily, *1031, +1101; 1m: 1061 Judith d'Evereux (*ca 1050 +ca 1076); 2m: Erembourge de Mortain (+ca 1087); 3m: Adelaide de Savone (*ca 1100 +1135.)²"

Reference: Genealogics cites:
1. Stammtafeln zur Geschichte der Europäischen Staaten, 4 volumes, Marburg, 1953, 1975., W. K. Prinz von Isenburg, Reference: II 117.
2. Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag Marburg., Detlev Schwennicke, Editor, Reference: II 206.
3. Biogr. details drawn from Wikipedia.⁴

; Per Genealogics:
     "Roger was born in 1031, the youngest son of Tancred de Hauteville by his second wife Fredesina. He arrived in Southern Italy soon after 1055. Geoffrey Malaterra, the eleventh century Benedictine monk and chronicler, who compared Robert Guiscard and his brother Roger to 'Joseph and Benjamin of old', wrote of Roger: 'He was a youth of the greatest beauty, of lofty stature, of graceful shape, most eloquent in speech and cool in counsel. He was far-seeing in arranging all his actions, pleasant and merry all with men; strong and brave, and furious in battle.'
     "In 1061 Roger married Delieri/Judith d'Evreux, daughter of Guillaume d'Evreux and Hadewide d'Échauffour. She died in 1076, leaving four daughters of whom Emma would have progeny. About 1077 Roger married Eremburge de Mortain, daughter of Robert, comte d'Eu, and his wife Beatrice. Of their eight children only Felicia would have progeny, marrying Kálmán, king of Hungary. Eremburge died in 1087, and about 1090 Roger married Adelaide de Savona, daughter of Manfredo, margrave de Savona, and niece of Boniface del Vasto, margrave of Saluzzo. Of their children Roger II would have progeny.
     "Roger shared the conquest of Calabria with Robert, and the brothers divided the conquest in a treaty of 1062. Robert resolved to employ Roger's genius in reducing Sicily, which contained, as well as the Muslims, numerous Greek Christians subject to Arab princes who had become all but independent of the Sultan of Tunis. In May 1061 the brothers crossed from Reggio and captured Messina. After Palermo had been taken in January 1072, Robert, as suzerain, invested Roger as count of Sicily, but he retained Palermo, half of Messina, and the north-east portion (the Val Demone). Not until 1085, however, was Roger able to undertake a systematic crusade.
     "A local story tells how, while at Messina, he was besieged by Sicilian refugees begging him to free Sicily from the Saracens. When he hesitated, Morgana, the fairy of Arthurian legends, appeared in her glory before him. She showed him her white coach, which would carry him across the straits. To show him her power she made towns and palaces from the other side appear so near that Roger could touch them. However, being cautious, he replied that he would sail with his men for Sicily in ships of his own fleet at the right moment, and that he would win not by magic but with the help of Christ. At the mention of Christ's name, the fairy, the coach, and the towns and palaces all disappeared. Since then, due to reflection and refraction of light in unusual atmospheric states---the causes of mirages in deserts---people can see men, ships, streets, palaces and houses in the air or the sea. The people living near the Straits of Messina call the phenomenon 'Fata Morgana'.
     "In March 1086 Syracuse surrendered, and when in February 1091 Noto yielded, the conquest was complete. Much of Robert's success had been due to Roger's support. Similarly, when the leadership of the Hautevilles passed to Roger, he supported his nephew Roger I Bursa, Robert's son and successor as duke of Apulia, against his elder brother Boemund, Capua and other rebels. In return for his aid against Boemund and the rebels, the duke surrendered his share in the castles of Calabria to his uncle in 1085, and in 1091 his inheritance in Palermo. Roger's rule in Sicily was more absolute than Robert Guiscard's in Italy. At the enfeoffments of 1072 and 1092 no great undivided fiefs were created, so the mixed Norman, French and Italian vassals all owed their benefices to the count. No feudal revolt of importance therefore troubled Roger.
     "In 1091 Roger, in order to avoid attack from North Africa, set sail with a fleet to conquer Malta. His ships reached the island before the rest. On landing, the few defenders the Normans encountered retreated and the following day Roger marched to Medina. Terms were discussed with the Maltese qadi. It was agreed that the islands would become tributaries of the count himself and that the qadi should continue to administer the islands. With the treaty many Greek and other Christian prisoners were released, who chanted to Roger the _Kyrie eleison (Mulej Hniena)._ He left the islands with many who wished to join him and so many were on his ship that it nearly sank, according to Geoffrey Malaterra. Roger united Malta to Christian Europe.
     "Politically supreme, Roger also became master of the Church of Sicily. The papacy, favouring a prince who had recovered Sicily from Greeks and Muslims, in 1098 granted Roger and his heirs the Apostolic Legateship of the island. Roger created new Latin bishoprics at Syracuse, Girgenti and elsewhere, nominating the bishops personally, while he turned the archbishopric of Palermo into a Catholic see. Roger practised general toleration towards Arabs and Greeks, allowing each race the expansion of its own civilisation. In the cities the Muslims, who had generally secured such rights in their terms of surrender, retaining their mosques, their qadis, and freedom of trade; in the country, however, they became serfs. Roger drew the mass of his infantry from the Muslims. Anselm of Canterbury, visiting him at the siege of Capua in 1098, found 'the brown tents of the Arabs innumerable'. Nevertheless, the Latin element began to prevail, as Lombards and other Italians flocked to the island in the wake of the conquest, and the conquest of Sicily proved decisive in the steady decline of Muslim power in the western Mediterranean from this time.
     "Roger died on 22 June 1101, in his seventieth year, and was buried in S. Trinità of Mileto. He was succeeded by his son Roger II."⁴ EDV-26.

; Per Wikipédia (Fr.):
     "Roger de Hauteville (italien : Ruggero d'Altavilla ; latin : Rogerius de Altavilla : v. 10311 – 1101), dit le « Bosso »2 puis, le « Grand Comte », « Jarl Rogeirr », est un aventurier normand du xie siècle ; conquérant de la Sicile musulmane, il est à l'origine du futur royaume de Sicile.
Biographie
Origines
     "Roger de Hauteville est le fils cadet de Tancrède de Hauteville (Rogerius Tancredi de Altavilla filius), un petit seigneur normand sans fortune de la région de Coutances, dans l'ouest du duché de Normandie. Sa mère Frédésende, seconde épouse de Tancrède, passe parfois pour être une fille du duc Richard II de Normandie. Selon le chroniqueur Geoffroi Malaterra, d'origine normande, Tancrède de Hauteville fait partie de la noblesse du duché sans être cependant l'un des principaux seigneurs. Selon la princesse byzantine Anne Comnène, les Hauteville sont d'origine obscure.
     "Du Moyen Âge au xixe siècle, on a voulu donner à la famille Hauteville d'illustres origines. Selon l'historien italien Ptolémée de Lucques3, Tancrède de Hauteville est un descendant du chef viking Rollon, 1er duc de Normandie, tandis que pour l'érudit sicilien Rocco Pirri4, il est l'un des fils du duc Richard II de Normandie ou de son frère Guillaume de Brionne, comte d'Hiémois. Le théologien danois Erik Pontoppidan5, fait de Tancrède de Hauteville un fils du duc Richard III de Normandie. Pour l'historien allemand Johann Christoph Gatterer, Tancrède est issu d'un proche parent de Rollon. Ces affirmations sans fondement, qui se contredisent entre elles, sont démenties par les textes les plus sûrs et n'ont pour origine que la fantaisie de leurs auteurs.
Débuts en Italie
     Roger de Hauteville quitte le duché de Normandie pour le sud de l'Italie dans les années 1050 (conventionnellement en 10576.), accompagné de ses frères Godefroi, Mauger et Guillaume, ainsi que par une petite troupe de parents et amis, dont Hugues de Grandmesnil, Raoul de Tosny et Robert Guitôt. Selon le chroniqueur Aimé de Montcassin, le jeune Roger arrive en Italie après la bataille de Civitate (1053). Pour Geoffroi Malaterra, plus précis, il arrive après la mort de son frère aîné Onfroi (1057), 3e comte normand d'Apulie.
Conquête de la Sicile
     "Peu de temps après son arrivée en Italie, son frère aîné Robert Guiscard, 4e comte normand d'Apulie, préfère l'écarter, se méfiant probablement de son jeune et ambitieux frère. Roger est alors dirigé avec sa bande en Calabre où il est chargé d'étouffer une révolte et d'y maintenir l'ordre. Il participe à la lutte contre les Byzantins d'Italie du Sud avant d'installer son quartier général à Mileto en 1061.
     "La petite cité de Mileto sera jusqu'à sa mort 40 ans plus tard, sa résidence favorite. Guiscard, allié depuis 1059 à l'Église et à la Papauté, le nomme « comte de Sicile » en 1062. Roger peut dès lors commencer au nom de la Papauté la conquête de la Sicile, alors sous domination musulmane, et surtout s'y tailler un fief : malgré la faiblesse numérique de son « armée » ou plutôt de sa bande7, il peut commencer à guerroyer dans l'île, quadrillée par de nombreuses forteresses musulmanes. La conquête, s'étalant sur 30 années, sera longue du fait du petit nombre de guerriers normands.
     "Après ces trente longues et difficiles années de guerre avec notamment les épisodes marquants de la prise de Messine (1061)8, le siège de Troina (1062)9, la bataille de Cerami (1063)10, la bataille de Misilmeri, et la prise de Palerme en 107211, il libère enfin la Sicile de l'occupation musulmane avec la prise de Noto (1091)12. Entretemps, la mort de son puissant frère en juillet 1085 le laisse totalement libre dans ses actes et il devient le seul véritable maître de la Sicile qu'il organise en comté en y introduisant notamment le système féodal, tout en gardant Mileto comme capitale de ses possessions ; c'est le début de la Sicile normande, une ère de prospérité faisant la continuité de l'époque musulmane. Une Sicile où Roger se montre tolérant, respectant les différentes identités, coutumes, et religions de l'île. En effet, une fois la guerre finie, Roger autorise les Musulmans qui le souhaitent, berbères ou arabes, à rester dans l'île. Les mosquées ne sont pas détruites, et Palerme, la capitale, en compte une quarantaine[réf. nécessaire]. Juifs, musulmans, et chrétiens orthodoxes ne subissent pas de persécutions.
     "Roger fera également appel à de nombreux colons originaires de l'Italie du Nord pour repeupler les régions désertifiées d'une île ravagée par trente années de guerre, notamment dans la région d'Enna et de Messine. Ces colons sont à l'origine du dialecte gallo-italique, qui a su se maintenir jusqu'à nos jours, grâce notamment à l'isolement géographique.
     "Roger, le « Grand Comte », meurt de causes naturelles le 22 juin 1101 dans son fief de Mileto en Calabre où il est inhumé. Son tombeau sera détruit par un tremblement de terre[réf. nécessaire].
Description
Le chroniqueur d'origine normande Geoffroi Malaterra, témoin contemporain des événements, nous dit de Roger :
Descendance
     "Roger eut trois épouses :
     "L'aîné des fils de Roger était un bâtard du nom de Jourdain, probablement né en Italie autour de l'an 1060, qui décèdera avant son père au début des années 1090.
     "Roger eut également quelques concubines qui lui donneront plusieurs enfants dont un certain Mauger, mort jeune, ou encore un certain Godefroi, comte de Raguse, qui devint lépreux.
     "De son premier mariage avec Judith d'Évreux, il a des filles :
     "En 1077, Roger se marie une seconde fois avec Eremburge de Mortain. Ils ont sept enfants, plus une fille possible selon Patrick Deret :
     "De sa troisième et dernière épouse, Adélaïde de Montferrat, ils ont quatre enfants :
Notes et références
1. Son année de naissance n'est pas connue avec certitude. Roger de Hauteville est probablement né plus tard, vers 1040 selon l'historien italo-allemand Hubert Houben : Roger II of Sicily: a ruler between East and West (2002) [1] [archive]
2. Parce qu’il était robuste et d’aspect prestant : Roger I de Hauteville de Fara Misuraca (2002) [archive]
3. Historia Ecclesiastica, 1327
4. (it) Notes biographiques [archive]
5. Gesta et vestigia Danorum extra Daniam, 1741
6. (en) Edmund Curtis, Roger of Sicily and the Normans in lower Italy, 1016-1154, Londres; New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, The Knickerbocker Press, 1912, p. 57
7. À peine 60 guerriers lors de la première expédition de 1060
8. (en) Galfredus Malaterra et Kenneth Baxter Wolf, The deeds of Count Roger of Calabria and Sicily and of his brother Duke Robert Guiscard, Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2005, p. 17
9. Où Roger est assiégé durant environ 4 mois dans des conditions très difficiles avec sa jeune femme Judith : [2] [archive]
10. Où Saint Georges intervient dans la bataille armé d'une lance
11. Coordination d'attaques terrestre, commandée par Roger, et maritime, sous le commandement de son frère Guiscard
12. (en) Karen C. Britt (Mediterranean Studies), Roger II of Sicily: Rex, Basileus, and Khalif? Identity, Politics, and Propaganda in the Cappella Palatina, vol. 16, JSTOR, 2007, p. 23
Bibliographie
** Aimé de Montcassin: https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aim%C3%A9_du_Mont-Cassin
** Geoffroi Malaterra (source principale): https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geoffroi_Malaterra
** Guillaume de Pouille: https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillaume_de_Pouille
** Ferdinand Chalandon, Histoire de la domination normande en Italie et en Sicile, Paris, 1907: https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_Chalandon
** (en) Norwich, John Julius, The Normans in the South (1016-1130). Longmans, London, 1967: https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Julius_Norwich
** (en) Hubert Houben (traduit par Graham A. Loud et Diane Milburn), Roger II of Sicily : Ruler between East and West. Cambridge University Press, 2002: https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubert_Houben_(historien)
Articles connexes (These are links to entries in Wikipédia (Fr.) to be found at https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Ier_de_Sicile )
** Comté de Sicile
** Ses principaux lieutenants dans sa conquête de la Sicile sont :
Liens externes
** Notices d'autorité : Fichier d’autorité international virtuelInternational Standard Name IdentifierBibliothèque nationale de France (données)Système universitaire de documentationBibliothèque du CongrèsGemeinsame NormdateiBibliothèque royale des Pays-BasBibliothèque apostolique vaticaneWorldCat
** (fr) Roger I de Hauteville, de Fara Misuraca (2002) [archive]
** (en) Roger de Hauteville (Medieval Lands) [archive]
** (de) Roger I. Großgraf von Sizilien (Mittelalter-genealogie) [archive]
** (it) « Sicilia - I Normanni - Le Conquiste di Roberto e Ruggero (1040-1062) » [archive]
** (it) « Sicilia - Le Conquiste normanne - Fino a Palermo (1063-1091) » [archive]
** (de) Pièce de monnaie italo-normande à l'effigie de Roger de Hauteville (1098-1101) [archive]."¹⁹

; Per Wikipedia:
     "Roger I (c.?1031[1] – 22 June 1101), nicknamed Roger Bosso and The Great Count, was a Norman nobleman who became the first Count of Sicily from 1071 to 1101. He was a member of the House of Hauteville, and his descendants in the male line continued to rule Sicily down to 1194.
     "Roger was born in Normandy, and came to southern Italy as a young man in 1057. He participated in several military expeditions against the Emirate of Sicily beginning in 1061. He was invested with part of Sicily and the title of count by his brother, Robert Guiscard, Duke of Apulia, in 1071.[2] By 1090, he had conquered the entire island. In 1091, he conquered Malta. The state he created was merged with the Duchy of Apulia in 1127 and became the Kingdom of Sicily in 1130.
Conquest of Calabria and Sicily
     "Roger was the youngest son of Tancred of Hauteville by his second wife Fredisenda.[3] Roger arrived in Southern Italy in the summer of 1057.[4] The Benedictine monk, Goffredo Malaterra, who compares Robert Guiscard and his brother Roger to "Joseph and Benjamin of old," said of Roger:
     "He was a youth of the greatest beauty, of lofty stature, of graceful shape, most eloquent in speech and cool in counsel. He was far-seeing in arranging all his actions, pleasant and merry all with men; strong and brave, and furious in battle."[5]
     "In 1057 he shared the conquest of nearly all of Calabria excepting Reggio with his brother Robert.[4] For a time Roger lived like a bandit in his castle of Scalea, near Cosenza.[4] In a treaty of 1062, the brothers divided the conquest so that each was to have half of every castle and town in Calabria.[6] It was about this same time that Roger married Judith d'Évreux.
     "Roger had first thought of conquering Sicily when he and his brother conquered Calabria.[7] At the time, it was ruled by Muslims and the population were mostly Byzantine Greek Christians. The Arab princes had become all but independent of the sultan of Tunis. In May 1061 the brothers crossed from Reggio and captured Messina.[7] In June 1063, Roger defeated a Muslim army at the Battle of Cerami.[8] After they took Palermo in January 1072, Robert Guiscard, as suzerain, invested Roger as Count of Sicily.[9] Robert retained Palermo, half of Messina, and the north-east portion (the Val Demone).[9] Not till 1085 was Roger able to undertake a systematic conquest.
     "In March 1086 Syracuse surrendered, and when in February 1091 Noto yielded, the conquest of Sicily was complete.[10] Much of Robert's success had been due to Roger's support. Similarly, when the leadership of the Hautevilles passed to Roger, he supported his nephew Duke Roger against Bohemund I of Antioch, Lando IV of Capua, and other rebels. In return for his uncle's aid against Bohemund and the rebels, the duke Roger surrendered his share in the castles of Calabria to his uncle in 1085, and in 1091 his inheritance in Palermo.
     "Roger's rule in Sicily became more absolute than that of Robert Guiscard's in Italy. In addition, due to immigration by Lombards and Normans, Latin Christianity gradually replaced that of the Greek Byzantine tradition. At the enfeoffments of 1072 and 1092, no great undivided fiefs were created. The mixed Norman, French and Italian vassals all owed their benefices to the count. No feudal revolt of importance arose against Roger.
Conquest of Malta
     "In 1091 Roger, in order to avoid an attack from North Africa, set sail with a fleet to conquer Malta. His ship reached the island before the rest. On landing, the few defenders the Normans encountered retreated and the following day Roger marched to the capital Mdina. Terms were discussed with the local qadi. It was agreed that the islands would become tributaries of the count himself and that the qadi should continue to administer the islands. With the treaty many Greek and other Christian prisoners were released, who chanted to Roger the Kyrie eleison. He left the islands with many who wished to join him and so many were on his ship that it nearly sank, according to Geoffrey Malaterra.[11] The invasion was romanticized in later centuries, and legends arose that the Count gave the Maltese their red and white flag by cutting a part of his banner.[12] Mass is said once a year in remembrance of the Count at the Cathedral of Mdina, as a recognition for the Count's role in liberating Maltese Christians from Muslim dominance and rule.[citation needed]
Rule of Sicily
     "Politically supreme, the count also became master of the insular church. The Papacy, favouring a prince who had recovered Sicily from Greeks and Muslims, in 1098 granted Roger and his heirs the Apostolic Legateship of the island. Roger created new Latin bishoprics at Syracuse, Girgenti and elsewhere, nominating the bishops personally, while he turned the archbishopric of Palermo into a Catholic see. Of these bishops and other important clergy positions, a minority were French, and of those even fewer were Norman. Of the five new sees he founded, one bishop was Norman and three others were from other parts of France.[13] He practiced general toleration towards Arabs and Greeks, even sponsoring the construction of over twelve Greek monasteries in the Val Demone region.[14] In the cities, the Muslims, who had generally secured such rights in their terms of surrender, retained their mosques, their qadis, and freedom of trade; in the country, however, they became serfs. Roger drew the mass of his infantry from the Muslims; Saint Anselm, visiting him at the siege of Capua, 1098, found "the brown tents of the Arabs innumerable". Nevertheless, the Latin element began to prevail, as Lombards and other Italians flocked to the island in the wake of the conquest, and the conquest of Sicily proved decisive in the steady decline of Muslim power in the western Mediterranean from this time.[citation needed]
Death and succession
     "Roger I died on 22 of June 1101 in Mileto and was buried at the Benedictine Abbey of the Holy Trinity. The abbey was destroyed in the earthquake of 1783. Its ruins are currently located in the Mileto Antica archaeological park.
     "Upon Roger's death, his son, Simon of Hauteville, became the Count of Sicily, with his mother, Adelaide del Vasto, acting as his regent. On 28 September 1105, at the age of 12, Simon died, and the title of count passed to his younger brother, Roger II of Sicily, with Adelaide continuing on as regent, being the mother of Roger II as well.[15]
Family
     "Roger's eldest son, Jordan, predeceased him. Roger's second son, Geoffrey, possibly illegitimate, was a leper with no chance of inheriting.
     "Roger's first marriage took place in 1062, to Judith d'Évreux.[16] She died in 1076, leaving daughters:
     "In 1077, Roger married a second time, to Eremburga of Mortain,[18] and their children were:
     "Roger's last wife was Adelaide del Vasto, a sister of aforementioned Henry. They married in 1087. Roger and Adelaide's children were:
References
1. Houben 2002, p. 8.
2. Burkhardt & Foerster 2013, p. 57.
3. Luscombe & Riley-Smith 2004, p. 760.
4. Curtis 1912, p. 57.
5. Malaterra & Wolf 2005, p. 15.
6. Curtis 1912, p. 65.
7. Malaterra & Wolf 2005, p. 17.
8. Houben 2002, p. 15, 20.
9. Curtis 1912, p. 68.
10. Britt 2007, p. 23.
11. McDonald, Neil (2016). Malta & Gozo – A Megalithic Journey. Megalithic Publishing. pp. 67–72. ISBN 9781326598358.
12. Wettinger, Godfrey (1995). "The 'Norman' Heritage of Malta : GODFREY WETTINGER sifts the evidence surrounding Count Roger's visit in 1091" (PDF). Treasures of Malta. 1 (3): 34–39. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 December 2017.
13. Burkhardt & Foerster 2013, p. ?.
14. Britt 2007, p. 24.
15. Houben 2002, p. 26.
16. Brown 2003, p. 110.
17. Jansen, Drell & Andrews 2009, p. 428.
18. Houben 2002, p. 24.
19. Robinson 1999, p. 292.
Sources
** Alio, Jacqueline (2018). Queens of Sicily 1061-1266: The queens consort, regent and regnant of the Norman-Swabian era of the Kingdom of Sicily. Trinacria.
** Britt, Karen C. (2007). "Roger II of Sicily: Rex, Basileus, and Khalif? Identity, Politics, and Propaganda in the Cappella Palatina". Mediterranean Studies. Penn State University Press. 16.
** Brown, Gordon S. (2003). The Norman Conquest of Southern Italy and Sicily. McFarland & Company, Inc.
** Burkhardt, Stefan; Foerster, Thomas (2013). Norman Tradition and Transcultural Heritage. Taylor & Francis Group.
** Curtis, Edmund (1912). Roger of Sicily and the Normans in lower Italy, 1016-1154. G. P. Putnam's Sons; The Knickerbocker Press.
** Houben, Hubert (2002). Roger II of Sicily: Ruler between East and West. Translated by Loud, Graham A; Milburn, Diane. Cambridge University Press.
** Jansen, Katherine L; Drell, Joanna; Andrews, Frances, eds. (2009). Medieval Italy: Texts in Translation. Translated by Loud, G.A. University of Pennsylvania Press.
** Luscombe, David; Riley-Smith, Jonathan, eds. (2004). The New Cambridge Medieval History: Volume 4, C.1024-c.1198, Part II. Cambridge University Press.
** Malaterra, Galfredus; Wolf, Kenneth Baxter (2005). The deeds of Count Roger of Calabria and Sicily and of his brother Duke Robert Guiscard. University of Michigan Press.
** Robinson, I. S. (1999). Henry IV of Germany 1056-1106. Cambridge University Press.
Further reading
** Aubé, Pierre. Roger II de Sicile. Un Normand en Méditerranée. Payot, 2001.
** Alex Metcalfe. The Muslims of Medieval Italy. Edinburgh, 2009.
** Norwich, John Julius. The Normans in the South 1016–1130. London: Longmans, 1967."²⁰

; per Racines et Histoire: "2) Roger 1er ° ~1032 + 22/06/1102 (Mileto, Calabre) comte (1071), Grand-comte de Sicile (1096) Pouilles et Calabre (1057), Légat Apostolique (1098)
     ép. 1) 11/1061 (San Martino d’Agri) Judith d’Evreux ° ~1050 + 1076 (fille de Guillaume, comte d’Evreux, et d’Havoise d’Echauffour)
     ép. 2) dès 1080 (~1077) Aremburge de Mortain (alias de Corbeil) + ~1088 (fille de Guillaume Werlenc de Mortain)
     ép. 3) ~1089 Adélaïde de Savone (Savona, del Vasto, Montferrat) ° ~1100 + 16/04/1118 Régente de Sicile (fille de Bonifazio de Savone, marquis del Vasto, et d’Adélaïde de Suse ou fille de Manfred 1er ? ; ép. 2) Baudouin de Boulogne (1er, Roi de Jérusalem) + 07/04/1118.)²¹ "

; Per Med Lands:
     "ROGER de Hauteville, son of TANCRED de Hauteville & his second wife Fressenda --- ([1031]-Mileto 22 Jun 1101, bur Mileto, Abbey of the Holy Trinity). Malaterra names "septimus Rogerius minor" last among the sons of Tancred & his second wife[385]. The Annals of Romoald agree that he was the youngest son[386]. Amatus records that the brothers "Mauger, Geoffrey, William and Roger" arrived in Apulia from Normandy[387], dated from the context to [1054/57]. He joined his brother Robert Guiscard in Calabria in autumn 1057, where he soon subdued much of the western part of the peninsula from his base at Cape Vaticano. He helped suppress a rebellion in Melfi, but quarrelled with his brother and left his service in early 1058. He joined his brother Guillaume Count of the Principate, and installed himself in the castle of Scalea from where he led a life of brigandage. He helped his brother Robert Guiscard to suppress the rebellions in Calabria triggered by the famine of 1058, in return for the promise of half the territory involved. He captured Messina in 1061, and crossed to Sicily. The Chronicon Breve Normannicum records "Rogerius comes" captured "Mandorium" in 1061[388]. Still not having received his reward for helping Robert Guiscard in 1058, Roger issued an ultimatum in 1062. Robert reacted by besieging Roger at Mileto, but was captured at Gerace. A compromise was reached, seemingly based on a scheme to divide each town and castle into two separate areas of influence[389]. Roger returned to Sicily in Aug 1062, basing himself at Troina. After being besieged there for four months, he defeated the Muslims at Cerami in 1063. Further progress in the conquest was slow, but marked by the victory at Misilmeri in 1068. He helped his brother capture Bari in 1071, the two of them returning immediately afterwards to Sicily where they took Palermo in 1072 after offering terms of surrender which were favourable to the Muslim population. Robert Guiscard claimed suzerainty over the island, having been invested as Duke by the Pope several years earlier, but installed his brother as ROGER I Count of Sicily. According to Houben, Roger never used the title "magnus comes" or "Great Count", which was attributed to him in documents after his death. Houben also points out that "magnus" may have been intended in the sense of "elder" in the later documentation, to distinguish him from his son[390]. Progress in conquering the island of Sicily was slow, and further delayed by calls from Robert "Guiscard" for Roger's military help in Apulia. However, Trapani was conquered in 1077, and Taormina in Aug 1079. In 1081, the Muslims recaptured Syracuse, but lost it again to Roger's son Jourdain. Roger's conquest of Sicily was completed by 1091, when he also captured Malta. Magnanimous in victory, he was able to lay the foundations for a highly successful, multi-cultural state in Sicily where Muslim, Greek and Norman elements all prospered. Roger I also established control in areas of peninsular Italy. His nephew Roger "Borsa" Duke of Apulia ceded him those parts of Sicily and Calabria which were still under the control of Apulia in return for military support against his half-brother Bohémond. Roger I also demanded the lordship of Naples in return for helping Richard II Prince of Capua establish himself in 1098. He founded the Benedictine Abbey at Mileto where he was buried. Lupus Protospatarius records the death in Jun 1101 of "Rogerius comes Siciliæ"[391]. The Annales Siculi record the death in Jul 1101 of "comes Rogerus pater regis Rogerii"[392]. The monk Conrad´s Brevis Chronica records the death in Jul 1101 "apud Miletum" of "Comes [Rogerius comes]" and his burial "in ecclesia quam ipse fundaverat"[393].
     "m firstly (San Martino d'Agri Nov 1061) JUDITH d'Evreux, daughter of GUILLAUME d'Evreux [Normandie] & his wife Hawise --- (-1076). Orderic Vitalis names “Judith” who later married “Rogerii comitis Siciliæ” as the child of “Willermo Rodberti archiepiscopo filio” and his wife[394]. Orderic Vitalis records that “duæ sorores uterinæ Rodberti abbatis [Robert de Grantmesnil, ex-abbot of Ouche] Judith et Emma” had been left “apud Uticum in capella sancti Ebrulfi...sub sacro velamine”, that when they learnt that “Rodbertum fratrem suum” was established in Apulia with “secular power” (“sæculari potentia”) they left for Italy where they both married, Judith marrying “Rogerius Siciliæ comes” and Emma marrying “aliusque comes, cujus nomen no recolo”, dated to [1061/63][395]. Malaterra records the marriage "apud Sanctum Martinum" of "abbatum Sanctæ Euphemiæ Robertum…Judicta sorore sua" and Count Roger[396]. Left at Troina in Aug 1062 while her husband left to campaign further in Sicily, the citizens of the town attempted to take her hostage. She and her returned husband were besieged for four months.
     "m secondly ([1077]) EREMBURGE de Mortain, daughter of ROBERT Comte d'Eu [Normandie] & his first wife Béatrice --- (-[1087]). Malaterra records the death of "Eremburga filia Gulielmi comitis Mortonensis" wife of "comes Rogerius", dating the event to 1089[397].
     "m thirdly ([1087]) as her first husband, ADELAIDA del Vasto, daughter of MANFREDO del Vasto Marchese di Savona [Monferrato] & his wife --- ([1072]-Palermo 16 Apr 1118, bur Patti, Convent of San Salvatore). Her origin is confirmed by Malaterra who records the marriage of "comes Rogerus" and "Adelaydem…neptem Bonifacii…Italorum marchionis, filiam…fratris eius", dating the event to 1089[398]. According to Houben[399], she was "barely 15" on her first marriage, although the basis for this statement is not known and if it is correct her assumed birth year would be earlier or later than [1072] depending on the actual year of the marriage. She was regent of Sicily for her sons Count Simon and Count Roger II 1101-1112, jointly with Robert de Bourgogne, the husband of one of her step-daughters. She suppressed rebellions by her vassals with great severity. "Adalaidis comitissa Sicilie et Calabrie cum filio meo Rogerio" donated property to the church of St Bartholomew for the soul of "dmi mei comitis Rogerii" by charter dated [Mar 25/31 Aug] 1107[400]. "Adalasia comitissa Siciliæ et Calabriæ et…comes Rogerius filius eius" donated property to the bishopric of Squillace on the advice of "ipsorum baronum…Roberti Borelli et Gosberti de Licia et Willelmi de Altavilla" by charter dated [Mar 25/31 Aug] 1107[401]. She established the Sicilian capital at Palermo [Mar/Jun] 1112. She married secondly (Acre Sep 1113, repudiated 1117) as his third wife, Baudouin I King of Jerusalem. Fulcher of Chartres specifies that King Baudouin married the widow of Roger Count of Sicily and names her "Adelaidis" in a later passage[402]. Albert of Aix records the marriage at Acre of King Baudouin to the widow of "Rotgeri ducis Siciliæ, fratris Boemundi", describing in detail the magnificence of her suite, dated to [1113] from the context[403]. As a condition of her second marriage, she insisted that her son by her first marriage, Roger Count of Sicily, would become heir to Jerusalem if the second marriage produced no other heir[404]. Albert of Aix records that Arnoul Patriarch of Jerusalem ordered the king to repudiate his wife "propter adulterium" in relation to his "prima conjuge, de orta de principibus Armeniæ", implying that the former wife was still alive when the king remarried, but adds that the king was also accused of consanguinity with his wife who was "ortæ de sanguine Gallorum", whereupon his wife returned to Sicily[405]. Fulcher records her death in Sicily in April immediately after recording the death of King Baudouin[406]. The Annales Siculi record the death in 1118 of "Adelasia regina Ierosolimitana mater regis Rogerii"[407]. The monk Conrad´s Brevis Chronica records the death in 1118 of "Adelasia uxor comitis Rogerii, mater regis Rogerii"[408].
     "Count Roger I & his first wife had [five] children.
     "Count Roger & his second wife had nine children.
     "Count Roger & his third wife had three children.
     "Count Roger had one illegitimate child by an unknown mistress."
Med Lands cites:

; NB: Racines et Histoire seems to diagree with itself as to the parents of Eremburge;
     Racines et Histoire (Corbeil) shows Eremburge as the dau. of "Guillaume de Corbeil dit «De Verlange» (alias «Werling» «Werleng» ou «Guerlenc») («Le Prudent» ?) ° ~1000 + après 27/05/1067" (no mother is shown):
     Racines et Histoire (d'Eu) shows Eremburge as the dau. of "Robert 1er d’Eu ° ~1005/10
+ après 14/04/1089 & avant
08/09/1093) ép. 1) Béatrix."

; Per Med Lands:
     "EREMBURGE de Mortain (-[1087]). Malaterra records the death of "Eremburga filia Gulielmi comitis Mortonensis" wife of "comes Rogerius", dating the event to 1089[1041].
     "m ([1077]) as his second wife, ROGER I Count of Sicily, son of TANCRED de Hauteville & his [second wife] [Fressenda] ([1031]-Mileto 22 Jun 1101, bur Mileto, Abbey of the Holy Trinity)."
Med Lands cites: [1041] Malaterra, III.14, p. 93.¹⁵

; per Racines et Histoire: "Judith d’Evreux ° ~1025 + 1076 (demi-soeur de Robert de Grantmesnil, Abbé de Saint-Evroul-sur-Ouche)
     ép. 1)11/1061 (San Martino d’Agri) Roger 1er «Guiscard» de Hauteville, comte de Sicile (1072) ° 1031/32 + 22/06 ou 07?/1101 (Mileto) (fils de Tancrède de Hauteville
et de Fressende, Bâtarde de Normandie.)²⁴"

; Per Med Lands:
     "JUDITH d'Evreux (-1076). Orderic Vitalis names “Judith” who later married “Rogerii comitis Siciliæ” as the child of “Willermo Rodberti archiepiscopo filio” and his wife[703]. Orderic Vitalis records that “duæ sorores uterinæ Rodberti abbatis [Robert de Grantmesnil, ex-abbot of Ouche] Judith et Emma” had been left “apud Uticum in capella sancti Ebrulfi...sub sacro velamine”, that when they learnt that “Rodbertum fratrem suum” was established in Apulia with “secular power” (“sæculari potentia”) they left for Italy where they both married, Judith marrying “Rogerius Siciliæ comes” and Emma marrying “aliusque comes, cujus nomen no recolo”, dated to [1061/63][704]. Malaterra records the marriage "apud Sanctum Martinum" of "abbatum Sanctæ Euphemiæ Robertum…Judicta sorore sua" and Count Roger[705].
     "m (San Martino d'Agri Nov 1061) as his first wife, ROGER de Hauteville, son of TANCRED de Hauteville & his [second wife] [Fressenda] ([1031]-Mileto 22 Jun 1101, bur Mileto, Abbey of the Holy Trinity). His brother installed him as ROGER I Count of Sicily in 1072. "
Med Lands cites:

; Per Med Lands:
     "ADELAIDA del Vasto ([1072]-Palermo 16 Apr 1118, bur Patti, Convent of San Salvatore). Her origin is confirmed by Malaterra who records the marriage of "comes Rogerus" and "Adelaydem…neptem Bonifacii…Italorum marchionis, filiam…fratris eius", dating the event to 1089[411]. Albert of Aix records that she was "ortæ de sanguine Gallorum" and refers to her consanguinity with her second husband[412], but the precise relationship has not been traced. According to Houben[413], she was "barely 15" on her first marriage, although the basis for this statement is not known and if it is correct her assumed birth year would be earlier or later than [1072] depending on the actual year of the marriage. She was regent of Sicily for her sons Count Simon and Count Roger II 1101-1112, jointly with Robert de Bourgogne, the husband of one of her step-daughters. She suppressed rebellions by her vassals with great severity. She established the Sicilian capital at Palermo [Mar/Jun] 1112. Fulcher of Chartres specifies that King Baudouin married the widow of Roger Count of Sicily and names her "Adelaidis" in a later passage[414]. Albert of Aix records the marriage at Acre of King Baudouin to the widow of "Rotgeri ducis Siciliæ, fratris Boemundi", describing in detail the magnificence of her suite, dated to [1113] from the context[415]. As a condition of her second marriage, she insisted that her son by her first marriage, Roger Count of Sicily, would become heir to Jerusalem if the second marriage produced no other heir[416]. Albert of Aix records that Arnoul Patriarch of Jerusalem ordered the king to repudiate his wife "propter adulterium" in relation to his "prima conjuge, de orta de principibus Armeniæ", implying that the former wife was still alive when the king remarried, but adds that the king was also accused of consanguinity with his wife who was "ortæ de sanguine Gallorum", whereupon his wife returned to Sicily[417]. A further difficulty was presumably the possibility of the crown of Jerusalem passing to the count of Sicily, in accordance with the arrangements made at the time of Baudouin´s third marriage, but this is not mentioned by Albert of Aix. Fulcher records her death in Sicily in April immediately after recording the death of King Baudouin[418]. The Annales Siculi record the death in 1118 of "Adelasia regina Ierosolimitana mater regis Rogerii"[419].
     "m firstly ([1087]) as his third wife, ROGER I Count of Sicily, son of TANCRED de Hauteville & his wife [Fressenda] ([1031]-Mileto 22 Jun 1101, bur Mileto, Abbey of the Holy Trinity).
     "m secondly (Acre Sep 1113, repudiated 1117) as his third wife, BAUDOUIN I King of Jerusalem, son of EUSTACHE II Comte de Boulogne & his second wife Ida of Lower Lotharingia (-Al-Arish 2 Apr 1118, bur Jerusalem, Church of the Holy Sepulchre)."
Med Lands cites: He was Comte de Sicile between 1061 and 1101.¹⁹

     Giacomo Sanseverino 5th Signore di Sanseverino, Conte di Tricarico married Maria/Alabina/Elvira (?) d'Altavilla, Contessa di Lecce, Principessa di Sicilia, daughter of Tancred I (?) Conte di Lecce, King of Sicily and Sibyl/Sibilla d'Aquina,
; her 2nd husband.^2,3,4,1
      ; "Giacomo, 5° Signore di Sanseverino e Conte di Tricarico.
= Maria (Albina) d'Altavilla Contessa di Lecce e Principessa di Sicilia, figlia del Re Tancredi I e di Sibilla dei Conti di Acerra (+ 23-5 post 1234) (v.), già vedova di Gauthier III de Brienne Principe di Taranto."¹

; Leo van de Pas cites: Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag Marburg., Detlev Schwennicke, Editor, Reference: II 206.²

     Sir Thomas Fiennes married Jane Dudley, daughter of Sir Edward Sutton KB, KG, 2nd Lord Dudley and Cecile Willoughby of Parham, in 1514.^1,2

Sir Thomas Fiennes died on 26 October 1528; dvp.¹

     Jane Dudley was born in 1493 at Dudley, Staffordshire, England.³ She married Sir Thomas Fiennes, son of Thomas Fiennes KB, 8th Lord Dacre and Anne Bourchier, in 1514.^1,3

Jane Dudley died in August 1539 at Herstmonceux, co. Sussex, England.^1,3
      ; van de Pas cites: 1. The Complete Peerage, 1936 , Doubleday, H.A. & Lord Howard de Walden, Reference: IV 10
2. A Genealogical History of the dormant, abeyant, forfeited and extinct peerages of the British Empire, London, 1866, Burke, Sir Bernard, Reference: 521
3. Descendants of Elizabeth Cheyne, 2008 , Bradley, Hal.³ Jane Dudley was also known as Jane Sutton.³

     Elizabeth Bourchier married Robert de Welles 8th Lord Willoughby de Eresby, 8th Lord Welles, son of Richard Welles 7th Lord Welles, 7th Lord Willoughby de Eresby and Joan Willoughby Baroness Willoughby de Eresby.¹
Elizabeth Bourchier married Robert de Welles 8th Lord Willoughby de Eresby, 8th Lord Welles, son of Richard Welles 7th Lord Welles, 7th Lord Willoughby de Eresby and Joan Willoughby Baroness Willoughby de Eresby.¹

     Guillaume VI d'Auvergne Comte d'Auvergne et de Velay married Emma de Hauteville, daughter of Roger I de Hauteville Count of Sicily and Judith (?) d'Evreux, between 1086 and 1087
;
Her 1st husband. Repudiated?^5,6,7,8,9
Guillaume VI d'Auvergne Comte d'Auvergne et de Velay died circa 1136.¹
     Reference: Genealogics cites: Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag, Marburg, Schwennicke, Detlev (Ed.) 3:732.¹⁰

; NB: There is uncertainty about which "Emma" Guillaume VI d'Auvergne married: Emma d'Evreux or Emma of Sicily (as her 1st husband). This uncertainty is exaplained by Med Lands:
This Med Lands entry cites:
     Genealogics follows the ES presentation showing Guillaume m. Emma d'Evreux.
     Entries in Wikipedia and Wikipédia (Fr.) both show Guillaume marrying Emma of Sicily.
     Racines et Histoire (de Hauteville) shows Emma marrying Guillaume d'Auvergne (as her 2nd husband).
     Genealogy.EU (de Hauteville) shows Emma marrying Guillaume d'Auvergne (as her 1st husbad)
I have chosen to follow the marriages as shown by Med Lands. GA Vaut.^{3,10,11,9,5,6,12,8}

; Per Med Lands:
     "GUILLAUME [VI] (-25 Jan [1136]). "Rotberti comitis Alvernorum, Wilelmi filii eius" subscribed a charter of "Francorum rex Philippus" dated 1095[217]. Comte d'Auvergne et de Velay. The necrology of the priory of Saint-Robert de Cornillon, Grenoble records the death "VIII Kal Feb" of "Guillelmus comes Arverniæ"[218].
     "m ---. The name of Guillaume’s wife is not known. It is possible that she was Emma of Sicily, daughter of daughter of Roger I Count of Sicily & his first wife Judith d'Evreux [Normandie]. Malaterra names "filiam eius…Emmam…de prima uxore Judicta" when recording that her father arranged her marriage to Philippe I King of France, in return for a generous dowry, not knowing that the king was still married to Bertha of Holland. She left for France, but when the king's marital status came to light, the dowry was sent back to Sicily and her marriage to the Comte de Clermont was arranged by her brother-in-law Raymond de Saint-Gilles[219]. Baluze is extremely sceptical about the reliability of these statements and suggests that the "comte de Clermont" in question may have been a member of the Clermont [Chiaramonte] family which is recorded from the early 12th century in southern Italy[220]. According to Europäische Stammtafeln[221], the wife of Comte Guillaume [VI] was Emma, daughter of Guillaume d'Evreux, who was the maternal aunt of Emma of Sicily, but this appears to be chronologically impossible. Emma married [secondly] Rodolfo Macabeo Conte di Montescaglioso. Pope Pascal II confirmed the possessions of the abbey of Notre-Dame de Josaphat in Sicily and Calabria by charter dated 3 Jan 1113, listing the donations including "Emme filie Rogerii comitis Sicilie et Calabrie…orto ante ecclesiam Sancte Perpetue"[222]. "Rogerius…Sicilie et Italie rex" confirmed donations "a beate memorie Emma sorore nostra quondam comitissa civitate Severiane et Appii domina" to the church of St Basilius in Appia by charter dated 21 Sep 1133[223]. "Rogerius…Sicilie et Italie rex…Rogerii primi comitis heres et filius" confirmed past donations to St Mary Josephat, Jerusalem by (among others) "dna Emma soror nostra uxor quondam Radulfi Machabei" by charter dated 11 Oct 1144[224].
     "Comte Guillaume [VI] & his wife had two children:
Med Lands cites:

; Per Med Lands:
     "EMMA of Sicily ([1063]-after Aug 1119). Malaterra names "filiam eius…Emmam…de prima uxore Judicta" when recording that her father arranged her marriage to Philippe I King of France, in return for a generous dowry, not knowing that the king was still married to Bertha of Holland. She left for France, but when the king's marital status came to light, the dowry was sent back to Sicily and her marriage to the Comte de Clermont was arranged by her brother-in-law Raymond de Saint-Gilles[414]. Baluze is extremely sceptical about the reliability of these statements and suggests that the comte de Clermont in question may have been a member of the Clermont [Chiaramonte] family which is recorded from the early 12th century in southern Italy[415]. "Radulfus Machabeus…Montis Scaviosi dominus" donated property, for the souls of "domini patris mei Umfredi et fratris mei Gosfredi et…Iordanis cognati mei…dominæ matris meæ Beatricis…et domine Judettæ socrus meæ…coniugis meæ dominæ Emmæ…Adeliciæ sororis meæ", by charter dated May 1099[416]. "Emma comitissa…civitatis Severiane" donated property, for the souls of "viri mei domini Radulfi Machabei nostrorum filiorum", by charter dated Sep 1110, subscribed by "Rogerius civitatis Severiane dominus et filii Rodulfi Machabei Emme comitisse, Emma comitisse comitis Rogerii filiæ…"[417]. Pope Pascal II confirmed the possessions of the abbey of Notre-Dame de Josaphat in Sicily and Calabria by charter dated 3 Jan 1113, listing the donations including "Emme filie Rogerii comitis Sicilie et Calabrie…orto ante ecclesiam Sancte Perpetue"[418]. "Emma comitissa Rogerii comitis filia civitatis Severiane domina" donated property to "monasterio sancti Michaelis archangeli", for "me et viri mei Randulfi Machabei nostrorum filiorum", by charter dated 1115, subscribed by "domini Rogerii Machabei prescripte comitisse filii, domine Adelicze iamdicte comitisse filie…"[419]. "Emma comitissa Rogerii comitis filia civitatis Severiane domina…cum filio meo domino Rogerio Machabeo" donated property to "sancte Trinitatis…domus hospitalis" by charter dated Jul 1119[420]. "Emma comitissa Rogerii comitis filia civitatis Severiane domina…cum filio meo domino Rogerio Machabeo" donated property to "domus hospitalis Sancti Iohannis Iherosolomitani" by charter dated Aug 1119[421]. "Rogerius…Sicilie et Italie rex" confirmed donations "a beate memorie Emma sorore nostra quondam comitissa civitate Severiane et Appii domina" to the church of St Basilius in Appia by charter dated 21 Sep 1133[422]. "Rogerius…Sicilie et Italie rex…Rogerii primi comitis heres et filius" confirmed past donations to St Mary Josephat, Jerusalem by (among others) "dna Emma soror nostra uxor quondam Radulfi Machabei" by charter dated 11 Oct 1144[423].
     "[m firstly ([1086/87], repudiated?) GUILLAUME [VI] Comte d'Auvergne, son of ROBERT [II] Comte d'Auvergne & his second wife Judith de Melgueil (-25 Jan [1136]). This first marriage is not mentioned in Europäische Stammtafeln[424] but is consistent with the story concerning Emma's projected marriage with the king of France quoted above. According to another table in Europäische Stammtafeln[425], the wife of Comte Guillaume [VI] was Emma, daughter of Guillaume d'Evreux, who was the maternal aunt of Emma, daughter of Count Roger, but this appears impossible chronologically.]
     "m [secondly] RODOLFO MACABEO Conte di Montescaglioso, son of UNFREDO Conte di Montescaglioso [Normandie] & his wife Beatrice --- (-[1115/19])."
Med Lands cites:
; Per Racines et Histoire: "1) Emma «L’Aînée» ° 1063 + ~1119
     ép. 1?) Rodolfo Maccabeo, comte di Montescaglioso
     ép. 2) 1087 comte Guillaume III d’Auvergne, ° après 1069 + 1136 (fils de Robert II et de Judith de Melgueil.)¹³"

     ; NB: There is uncertainty about which "Emma" Guillaume VI d'Auvergne married: Emma d'Evreux or Emma of Sicily (as her 1st husband). This uncertainty is exaplained by Med Lands:
This Med Lands entry cites:
     Genealogics follows the ES presentation showing Guillaume m. Emma d'Evreux.
     Entries in Wikipedia and Wikipédia (Fr.) both show Guillaume marrying Emma of Sicily.
     Racines et Histoire (de Hauteville) shows Emma marrying Guillaume d'Auvergne (as her 2nd husband).
     Genealogy.EU (de Hauteville) shows Emma marrying Guillaume d'Auvergne (as her 1st husbad)
I have chosen to follow the marriages as shown by Med Lands. GA Vaut.^{3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10}

; Leo van de Pas cites: Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag Marburg., Detlev Schwennicke, Editor, Reference: III 732.¹

     Eremburge (?) de Mortain married Roger I de Hauteville Count of Sicily, son of Tancrede de Hauteville Duke of Apulia and Fresendis/Frasenda (?), circa 1077
;
His 2nd wife; per Stasser email 27 March 2004: "By Eremburge of Mortain, Count roger had at least 1 daughter, named Mathilda, wife before december 1092 Robert, count of Eu."^2,6,7,8,4,5
Eremburge (?) de Mortain died circa 1087.^2,4,5
     ; per Racines et Histoire: "2) Roger 1er ° ~1032 + 22/06/1102 (Mileto, Calabre) comte (1071), Grand-comte de Sicile (1096) Pouilles et Calabre (1057), Légat Apostolique (1098)
     ép. 1) 11/1061 (San Martino d’Agri) Judith d’Evreux ° ~1050 + 1076 (fille de Guillaume, comte d’Evreux, et d’Havoise d’Echauffour)
     ép. 2) dès 1080 (~1077) Aremburge de Mortain (alias de Corbeil) + ~1088 (fille de Guillaume Werlenc de Mortain)
     ép. 3) ~1089 Adélaïde de Savone (Savona, del Vasto, Montferrat) ° ~1100 + 16/04/1118 Régente de Sicile (fille de Bonifazio de Savone, marquis del Vasto, et d’Adélaïde de Suse ou fille de Manfred 1er ? ; ép. 2) Baudouin de Boulogne (1er, Roi de Jérusalem) + 07/04/1118.)⁹ "
; Per Med Lands:
     "ROGER de Hauteville, son of TANCRED de Hauteville & his second wife Fressenda --- ([1031]-Mileto 22 Jun 1101, bur Mileto, Abbey of the Holy Trinity). Malaterra names "septimus Rogerius minor" last among the sons of Tancred & his second wife[385]. The Annals of Romoald agree that he was the youngest son[386]. Amatus records that the brothers "Mauger, Geoffrey, William and Roger" arrived in Apulia from Normandy[387], dated from the context to [1054/57]. He joined his brother Robert Guiscard in Calabria in autumn 1057, where he soon subdued much of the western part of the peninsula from his base at Cape Vaticano. He helped suppress a rebellion in Melfi, but quarrelled with his brother and left his service in early 1058. He joined his brother Guillaume Count of the Principate, and installed himself in the castle of Scalea from where he led a life of brigandage. He helped his brother Robert Guiscard to suppress the rebellions in Calabria triggered by the famine of 1058, in return for the promise of half the territory involved. He captured Messina in 1061, and crossed to Sicily. The Chronicon Breve Normannicum records "Rogerius comes" captured "Mandorium" in 1061[388]. Still not having received his reward for helping Robert Guiscard in 1058, Roger issued an ultimatum in 1062. Robert reacted by besieging Roger at Mileto, but was captured at Gerace. A compromise was reached, seemingly based on a scheme to divide each town and castle into two separate areas of influence[389]. Roger returned to Sicily in Aug 1062, basing himself at Troina. After being besieged there for four months, he defeated the Muslims at Cerami in 1063. Further progress in the conquest was slow, but marked by the victory at Misilmeri in 1068. He helped his brother capture Bari in 1071, the two of them returning immediately afterwards to Sicily where they took Palermo in 1072 after offering terms of surrender which were favourable to the Muslim population. Robert Guiscard claimed suzerainty over the island, having been invested as Duke by the Pope several years earlier, but installed his brother as ROGER I Count of Sicily. According to Houben, Roger never used the title "magnus comes" or "Great Count", which was attributed to him in documents after his death. Houben also points out that "magnus" may have been intended in the sense of "elder" in the later documentation, to distinguish him from his son[390]. Progress in conquering the island of Sicily was slow, and further delayed by calls from Robert "Guiscard" for Roger's military help in Apulia. However, Trapani was conquered in 1077, and Taormina in Aug 1079. In 1081, the Muslims recaptured Syracuse, but lost it again to Roger's son Jourdain. Roger's conquest of Sicily was completed by 1091, when he also captured Malta. Magnanimous in victory, he was able to lay the foundations for a highly successful, multi-cultural state in Sicily where Muslim, Greek and Norman elements all prospered. Roger I also established control in areas of peninsular Italy. His nephew Roger "Borsa" Duke of Apulia ceded him those parts of Sicily and Calabria which were still under the control of Apulia in return for military support against his half-brother Bohémond. Roger I also demanded the lordship of Naples in return for helping Richard II Prince of Capua establish himself in 1098. He founded the Benedictine Abbey at Mileto where he was buried. Lupus Protospatarius records the death in Jun 1101 of "Rogerius comes Siciliæ"[391]. The Annales Siculi record the death in Jul 1101 of "comes Rogerus pater regis Rogerii"[392]. The monk Conrad´s Brevis Chronica records the death in Jul 1101 "apud Miletum" of "Comes [Rogerius comes]" and his burial "in ecclesia quam ipse fundaverat"[393].
     "m firstly (San Martino d'Agri Nov 1061) JUDITH d'Evreux, daughter of GUILLAUME d'Evreux [Normandie] & his wife Hawise --- (-1076). Orderic Vitalis names “Judith” who later married “Rogerii comitis Siciliæ” as the child of “Willermo Rodberti archiepiscopo filio” and his wife[394]. Orderic Vitalis records that “duæ sorores uterinæ Rodberti abbatis [Robert de Grantmesnil, ex-abbot of Ouche] Judith et Emma” had been left “apud Uticum in capella sancti Ebrulfi...sub sacro velamine”, that when they learnt that “Rodbertum fratrem suum” was established in Apulia with “secular power” (“sæculari potentia”) they left for Italy where they both married, Judith marrying “Rogerius Siciliæ comes” and Emma marrying “aliusque comes, cujus nomen no recolo”, dated to [1061/63][395]. Malaterra records the marriage "apud Sanctum Martinum" of "abbatum Sanctæ Euphemiæ Robertum…Judicta sorore sua" and Count Roger[396]. Left at Troina in Aug 1062 while her husband left to campaign further in Sicily, the citizens of the town attempted to take her hostage. She and her returned husband were besieged for four months.
     "m secondly ([1077]) EREMBURGE de Mortain, daughter of ROBERT Comte d'Eu [Normandie] & his first wife Béatrice --- (-[1087]). Malaterra records the death of "Eremburga filia Gulielmi comitis Mortonensis" wife of "comes Rogerius", dating the event to 1089[397].
     "m thirdly ([1087]) as her first husband, ADELAIDA del Vasto, daughter of MANFREDO del Vasto Marchese di Savona [Monferrato] & his wife --- ([1072]-Palermo 16 Apr 1118, bur Patti, Convent of San Salvatore). Her origin is confirmed by Malaterra who records the marriage of "comes Rogerus" and "Adelaydem…neptem Bonifacii…Italorum marchionis, filiam…fratris eius", dating the event to 1089[398]. According to Houben[399], she was "barely 15" on her first marriage, although the basis for this statement is not known and if it is correct her assumed birth year would be earlier or later than [1072] depending on the actual year of the marriage. She was regent of Sicily for her sons Count Simon and Count Roger II 1101-1112, jointly with Robert de Bourgogne, the husband of one of her step-daughters. She suppressed rebellions by her vassals with great severity. "Adalaidis comitissa Sicilie et Calabrie cum filio meo Rogerio" donated property to the church of St Bartholomew for the soul of "dmi mei comitis Rogerii" by charter dated [Mar 25/31 Aug] 1107[400]. "Adalasia comitissa Siciliæ et Calabriæ et…comes Rogerius filius eius" donated property to the bishopric of Squillace on the advice of "ipsorum baronum…Roberti Borelli et Gosberti de Licia et Willelmi de Altavilla" by charter dated [Mar 25/31 Aug] 1107[401]. She established the Sicilian capital at Palermo [Mar/Jun] 1112. She married secondly (Acre Sep 1113, repudiated 1117) as his third wife, Baudouin I King of Jerusalem. Fulcher of Chartres specifies that King Baudouin married the widow of Roger Count of Sicily and names her "Adelaidis" in a later passage[402]. Albert of Aix records the marriage at Acre of King Baudouin to the widow of "Rotgeri ducis Siciliæ, fratris Boemundi", describing in detail the magnificence of her suite, dated to [1113] from the context[403]. As a condition of her second marriage, she insisted that her son by her first marriage, Roger Count of Sicily, would become heir to Jerusalem if the second marriage produced no other heir[404]. Albert of Aix records that Arnoul Patriarch of Jerusalem ordered the king to repudiate his wife "propter adulterium" in relation to his "prima conjuge, de orta de principibus Armeniæ", implying that the former wife was still alive when the king remarried, but adds that the king was also accused of consanguinity with his wife who was "ortæ de sanguine Gallorum", whereupon his wife returned to Sicily[405]. Fulcher records her death in Sicily in April immediately after recording the death of King Baudouin[406]. The Annales Siculi record the death in 1118 of "Adelasia regina Ierosolimitana mater regis Rogerii"[407]. The monk Conrad´s Brevis Chronica records the death in 1118 of "Adelasia uxor comitis Rogerii, mater regis Rogerii"[408].
     "Count Roger I & his first wife had [five] children.
     "Count Roger & his second wife had nine children.
     "Count Roger & his third wife had three children.
     "Count Roger had one illegitimate child by an unknown mistress."
Med Lands cites:

; Per Wikipedia:
     "Eremburga of Mortain (Eremburge de Mortain)[1] was the second wife of Count Roger I of Sicily and thus the second Sicilian countess.[2][3] She is very obscure and details of her life are almost unknown to us today.
     "Her father was either William, Count of Mortain[4] or Robert d'Eu, and if he was Eremburga's father, then her mother was called Beatrix.
     "Roger married Eremburga in 1077 and she bore him several daughters and one son. Sources about her children gives many contradictory information.
     "Eremburga's children were:
     "Son of Flandina was Count Simon of Policastro [it].
     "It is possible that Felicia of Sicily, mother of Stephen II of Hungary, was Eremburga's daughter,[7] and Geoffrey, Count of Ragusa was maybe Eremburga's son. Another possible Eremburga's child was Princess Muriel.
     "According to Goffredo Malaterra, Eremburga died in 1089.
References
1. Goffredo Malaterra's words: "Eremburga filia Gulielmi comitis Mortonensis"
2. Johnson, Ewan (2005). "Normandy and Norman Identity in Southern Italian Chronicles". In Gillingham, John (ed.) Anglo-Normann Studies: XXVII. Proceedings of the Battle Conference 2004. The Boydell Press. pp. 85–100. ISBN 978-0-521-87616-2.
3. Neveux, Francois (2008). A Brief History of the Normans: The Conquests that Changed the Face of Europe. Robinson Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84529-523-3.
4. Norman Expansion: Connections, Continuities and Contrasts by Professor Andrew Jotischky and Professor Keith Stringer
5. De Rebus Gestis Rogerii Siciliæ Regis of Alessandro, Abbot of Telese
6. From a charter: "Jullita filia comitis Rogerii cum consensus fratris mei Rogerii regis Sicilie ducatus Apulie et principatus Capue."
7. Norwich, John Julius (1992). The Normans in Sicily. Penguin Books. ISBN 978-0-14-015212-8."¹⁰

Reference: Genealogics cites:

; NB: Racines et Histoire seems to diagree with itself as to the parents of Eremburge;
     Racines et Histoire (Corbeil) shows Eremburge as the dau. of "Guillaume de Corbeil dit «De Verlange» (alias «Werling» «Werleng» ou «Guerlenc») («Le Prudent» ?) ° ~1000 + après 27/05/1067" (no mother is shown):
     Racines et Histoire (d'Eu) shows Eremburge as the dau. of "Robert 1er d’Eu ° ~1005/10
+ après 14/04/1089 & avant
08/09/1093) ép. 1) Béatrix."

; Per Med Lands:
     "EREMBURGE de Mortain (-[1087]). Malaterra records the death of "Eremburga filia Gulielmi comitis Mortonensis" wife of "comes Rogerius", dating the event to 1089[1041].
     "m ([1077]) as his second wife, ROGER I Count of Sicily, son of TANCRED de Hauteville & his [second wife] [Fressenda] ([1031]-Mileto 22 Jun 1101, bur Mileto, Abbey of the Holy Trinity)."
Med Lands cites: [1041] Malaterra, III.14, p. 93.⁵

     Robert II d'Auvergne Comte d'Auvergne et de Gevaudan married Berthe (?) Cts de Rouergue et de Gevaudun, daughter of Hugues (?) Comte de Rouerge et de Gevaudun and Foi/Fides (?) de Cerdagne, before 1051.⁵
Robert II d'Auvergne Comte d'Auvergne et de Gevaudan married Judith (?) de Melguer, daughter of Raymond I de Melgueil Comte de Melgueil and Beatrix (?) de Poitou/d'Aquitaine, on 14 May 1068.^6,1

Robert II d'Auvergne Comte d'Auvergne et de Gevaudan died circa 1096.¹
      ; Leo van de Pas cites: Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag Marburg., Detlev Schwennicke, Editor, Reference: III 732.¹

     Judith (?) de Melguer married Robert II d'Auvergne Comte d'Auvergne et de Gevaudan, son of Guillaume V d'Auvergne Comte d'Auvergne et de Clermont and Phillipa de Gévaudan, on 14 May 1068.^1,5

      ; Leo van de Pas cites: Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag Marburg., Detlev Schwennicke, Editor, Reference: III 732.¹ Judith (?) de Melguer was also known as Judith de Melgueil.¹

     Guillaume V d'Auvergne Comte d'Auvergne et de Clermont was born circa 1000.⁵ He married Phillipa de Gévaudan, daughter of Etienne I de Brioude Comte de Gévaudan, vicomte-abbé de Brioude and Adelaide (Adela, Blanche) (?) d'Anjou, Countess of Toulouse, before 1030.^5,2,3,7

Guillaume V d'Auvergne Comte d'Auvergne et de Clermont died after 23 May 1059.^5,2
     Reference: Genealogics cites: Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag Marburg., Detlev Schwennicke, Editor, Reference: III 732.⁵

; Per Genealogics:
     “Guillaume was born about the year 1000, the son of Robert I, comte d'Auvergne, and Ermgard de Provence. In 1032 her succeeded his father as count of Auvergne. Before 1030 her married Philippa, with whom he had a son Robert II who would have progeny, and a daughter Philippina who may have been a wife of Archambaud III 'le Jeune', sire de Bourbon.
     “Guillaume made donations to the church of Clermont in 1030 and 1034. At Pentecost 1059 he attended the coronation of King Philippe I. Guillaume died after 23 May 1059, possibly as late as 1064, and was succeeded by his son Robert II.”.⁵ EDV-28.

; This is the same person as ”William V of Auvergne” at Wikipedia and as ”Guillaume V d'Auvergne” at Wikipédia (FR).^8,9

; Per Med Lands:
     "GUILLAUME [V] (-after 23 May 1059). "Poncius…comes…Gabalitanensis telluris necnon et Forensis patriæ" donated "ecclesiam Langat…in comitatu Gabalitensi, aliam ecclesiam…Favairolas…" to Saint-Julien de Brioude, for the souls of "genitorum suorum Stephani et Alais et uxoris eius Theotbergæ et filiorum eius Stephani et Poncii vel fratrum eius Bertrandi et Willelmus et nepotum eius Stephani, Rotberti et Willelmi", by charter dated Feb [1010], signed by "Roberti vicecomitis, Willelmi fratris eius…"[170]. Comte d'Auvergne et de Clermont. "Wilelmus Arvernorum comes" donated property to the church at Auvergne, with the consent of "filii…mei Stephanus, Bego et Pontius…cum Philippia conjuge mea", by charter dated 1044[171]. "Willelmi comitis…et uxor sua Philipia et filii eorum Rotbertus et Willelmus et Pontius" donated property to Sauxillanges by undated charter[172]. "Willelmus, Arvenensis princeps" donated property to Sauxillanges, for the souls of "…filiis meis et uxore mea Phylippia", by undated charter subscribed by "Rotberti comitis, Willelmi comitis, Philippiæ matris eorum"[173].
     "m PHILIPPA, daughter of --- (-after [1059/66]). "Wilelmus Arvernorum comes" donated property to the church at Auvergne, with the consent of "filii…mei Stephanus, Bego et Pontius…cum Philippia conjuge mea", by charter dated 1044[174]. "Guilelmus…princeps Arvernorum" donated property to the abbey of Charroux with the consent of "coniugis meæ Philippiæ ac filiorum meorum Stephani, Rotberti, Guillelmi, Pontii" by charter dated [1047][175]. "Willelmi comitis…et uxor sua Philipia et filii eorum Rotbertus et Willelmus et Pontius" donated property to Sauxillanges by undated charter[176]. "Willelmus, Arvenensis princeps" donated property to Sauxillanges, for the souls of "…filiis meis et uxore mea Phylippia", by undated charter subscribed by "Rotberti comitis, Willelmi comitis, Philippiæ matris eorum"[177]. "Philippa" donated property to Sauxillanges, for the souls of "domni Wilelmi senioris mei ac filiorum meorum…Wilelmi, Pontii" and "pro Rotberto comite filio meo", by undated charter, subscribed by "Rotberti comitis…uxoris eius Judith"[178]."
Med Lands cites: He was Comte d'Auvergne between 1032 and 1064.¹⁰