Person Page - 145

     John VII le Strange 3rd Lord Strange of Knokyn married Maud Pauncefote
;
Her 1st husband.^1,6,2 John VII le Strange 3rd Lord Strange of Knokyn was born circa 1296.^1,2
John VII le Strange 3rd Lord Strange of Knokyn died before 28 May 1323.^1,2
      ; JOHN (VII) LESTRANGE, 3rd Lord (Baron) Strange (of Knokyn); b c 1296; m Maud (d on or after 1 April 1324) and d by 28 May 1323.¹

Reference: Genealogics cites: The Complete Peerage, 1936 , Doubleday, H.A. & Lord Howard de Walden. XII/1 353.² He was 3rd Lord (Baron) Strange (of Knokyn).¹

     Baudouin II (?) Graaf van Henegouwen, Valenciennes, Ostrevant et Douai was born circa 1056.^1,3,4,5,8 He married Ida (?) de Louvain, daughter of Henri II 'le Ceinture' (?) Comte de Louvain and Adelaide/Adele (?) van Betuwe, comtesse des Basques, in 1084.^{2,11,12,1,3,4,5,8,13,14}

Baudouin II (?) Graaf van Henegouwen, Valenciennes, Ostrevant et Douai died after 8 June 1098 at near Nikaia, Palestine; died on Crusade.^1,3,4,5,8
      ; Per Genealogics:
     “Baudouin was born about 1056, the younger son of Baudouin VI-I, count of Flanders and count of Hainault, and Richilde, heiress of Hainault. Baudouin became count of Hainault after the death of his older brother Arnulf III. The family claim to the title of Count of Flanders was lost by his brother's death, passing instead to their uncle Robert 'the Friesian'.
     “In 1084 Baudouin married Ida de Louvain, daughter of Henri II, comte de Louvain, and Adela van de Betuwe. They had nine children, of whom four would have progeny.
     “Baudouin joined the First Crusade in the company of Godfrey of Bouillon (rather than with his cousin Robert II of Flanders, whose family was still at odds with his own), after selling some of his property to the bishopric of Liège. In 1098 he was sent back to Constantinople with Hugues I Magnus, Comte de Vermandois et de Valois, after the siege of Antioch, to seek assistance from Byzantine emperor Alexius I Komnenos. However, Baudouin disappeared during a raid by the Seljuk Turks in Anatolia, and was probably murdered in the mountains near Nicaea.”.⁵ GAV-25.

; This is the same person as:
”Baldwin II, Count of Hainaut” at Wikipedia and as
”Baudouin II de Hainaut” at Wikipédia (Fr.)^15,16

Reference: Genealogics cies: He was Crusader; died in the East on the 1st Crusade.¹⁷

; Per Med Lands:
     "BAUDOUIN de Flandre, son of BAUDOUIN VI Count of Flanders, BAUDOUIN I Comte de Hainaut & his wife Richilde de Mons Ctss de Hainaut ([1056]-killed near Nikaia 1098 after 8 Jun). Guibert describes him as "Balduinus comes de Montibus, Roberti Flandrensis comitis iunioris patrui, filius"[164]. "Balduino frater eius [Arnulphum occiso]" is named in the Cartulaire de Saint-Bertin[165]. He succeeded his brother in 1071 as BAUDOUIN II Comte de Hainaut et de Valenciennes. By agreement at Liège in 1071, procured by Emperor Heinrich IV King of Germany with the aim of confirming the status of the counties of Hainaut and Valenciennes as imperial fiefs, Baudouin's mother (on his behalf) surrendered the two counties to the emperor, who granted them to the bishop of Liège. The bishop then granted the counties to Godefroi III "le Bossu" Duke of Lower Lotharingia, who in turn granted them back to Baudouin and his mother[166]. This process also ensured imperial protection for Hainaut as well as comte Baudouin III's succession, which no doubt would otherwise have been threatened by his uncle Robert I Count of Flanders. "Balduinus, Valenciarum comes, filius Balduini junioris" confirmed the purchase by the abbot of Hasnon of two mills, for the souls of "patris mei Balduini et matris mee Ricildis", by charter dated 1087[167]. Comte Baudouin joined the contingent of Godefroi de Bouillon Duke of Lower Lotharingia (avoiding that of Robert I Count of Flanders) on the First Crusade in 1096, selling the castle of Couvin to Otbert Bishop of Liège to raise funds. Otbert Bishop of Liège declared having bought "castellum de Covino" from "comite Balduino de Mont", in the presence of "uxore ipsius Ida, cum filiis suis Baldewino, Arnulpho, Lodewico, Heinrico", by charter dated 14 Jun 1096, signed by "Rainerus advocatus, comes Warnerus de Greis, Wedericus de Walecourth…"[168]. William of Tyre names "Baudoin comte de Hainaut" among those who left on the First Crusade with Robert Count of Flanders[169]. Albert of Aix records that "Hugonem Magnum fratrem regis Franciæ, Drogonem et Clareboldum" were held in chains in prison by the emperor at Constantinople but were released after the intervention of "Baldewinus Hainaucorum comes et Heinricus de Ascha" who were sent as envoys by Godefroi de Bouillon[170]. Albert of Aix names "…Baldewinus de Monte castello, Hainaucorum comes et princeps…" among those who took part in the siege of Nikaia, dated to mid-1097 from the context[171]. He took part in the siege of Antioch in 1098.
     "m (1084) IDA de Louvain, daughter of HENRI [II] Comte de Louvain & his wife Adela [in der Betuwe] (-1139). The Chronicon Huberti names "Ida" wife of "Balduinum comitem Montensem" but does not give her origin[172]. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines records the marriage in 1084 of "Idam filiam Henrici Lovaniensis" and "comes Montensis Balduinus"[173]. Otbert Bishop of Liège declared having bought "castellum de Covino" from "comite Balduino de Mont", in the presence of "uxore ipsius Ida, cum filiis suis Baldewino, Arnulpho, Lodewico, Heinrico", by charter dated 14 Jun 1096[174]. Albert of Aix records that "uxor comitis Baldewini Hainaucorum" wept bitterly for the death of "Arnulfi…principis de castello Aldenardis" who had been "socius et conviator eius de terra…Galliæ", dated to [1105/06] from the context[175]. He does not specify which Baudouin, but it appears more likely that the text refers to the widow of count Baudouin II than to the young wife of count Baudouin III. If this is correct, it is surprising that the passage does not specify that her husband was dead. On the other hand, the date is early for the marriage of the younger count and in any case no other record has been identified which corroborates that Baudouin III was in Palestine at this time. The report is probably garbled."
Med Lands cites:

; Per Racines et Histoire (Hainaut): “2) Baudouin II de Hainaut dit «de Jérusalem» ° 1056 +X après 08/06/1098 (près Nikaia, Palestine, croisé dans le contingent de Godefroi de Bouillon) comte de Hainaut (1071 (avec agrément d’Heinrich IV, Roi de Germanie à Liège, ces fiefs impériaux passant d’hommage en hommage de l’Evêque de Liège à Godefroi III «Le Bossu», duc de BasseLitharingie qui les reconcède à Baudouin et à sa mère) -1098), Valenciennes, Ostrevant et Douai (nommé dans le Cartulaire de Saint-Bertin ; vend le château de Couvin à Otbert, Evêque de Liège pour financer sa croisade ; participe au siège d’Antioche 1098 ; disparaît, surpris par une embuscade turcomane, alors en mission avec Hugues de Vermandois vers l’Empereur Alexios 1°)
ép.1084 sa cousine Ida (alias Alix) de Louvain ° ~1077 + 1139 (fille d’Henri II, comte de Louvain, et d’Adèle de Clèves-Bétuwe alias de Teisterbant)”


Per Racines et Histoire (Brabant): “Ida de Louvain ° ~1077+ 1139
ép.1084 son cousin Baudouin II, comte de Hainaut (1071-1098), Valenciennes, Ostrevant et Douai ° ~1056 +X 1098 après 08/06 (Nikaia, croisé) (fils de Baudouin VI, comte de Flandres et de Richilde de Mons, comtesse de Hainaut) d’où Richilde qui ép. ~1115 Amauri III de Montfort (annul. 1118)”.^18,19

; Per Genealogy.EU (Flanders 2): “Ct Baldwin II of Hainault (1071-98), *ca 1056, +on Crusade in Palestine after 8.6.1098; m.1084 Ida of Louvaine (*by 1077 +1139);"


Per Genealogy.EU (Brabant 2): “B4. Ida of Louvain, *by 1077, +after 1107/1139; m.1084 Ct Baldwin II of Hainaut (+1098).”.^20,21

; Per Med Lands:
     "IDA de Louvain (-1139). The Chronicon Huberti names "Ida" wife of "Balduinum comitem Montensem" but does not give her origin[82]. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines records the marriage in 1084 of "Idam filiam Henrici Lovaniensis" and "comes Montensis Balduinus"[83]. Albert of Aix records that "uxor comitis Baldewini Hainaucorum" wept bitterly for the death of "Arnulfi…principis de castello Aldenardis" who had been "socius et conviator eius de terra…Galliæ", dated to [1105/06] from the context[84]. He does not specify which Baudouin, but it appears more likely that the text refers to the widow of count Baudouin II than to the young wife of count Baudouin III. If this is correct, it is surprising that the passage does not specify that her husband was dead. On the other hand, the date is early for the marriage of the younger count and in any case no other record has been identified which corroborates that Baudouin III was in Palestine at this time. The report is probably garbled.
     "m (1084) BAUDOUIN II Comte de Hainaut, son of BAUDOUIN VI Count of Flanders, BAUDOUIN I Comte de Hainaut & his wife Richilde de Mons Ctss de Hainaut ([1056]-killed near Nikaia 1098 after 8 Jun)."
Med Lands cites: He was Count of Hainault between 1071 and 1098 at Hainaut, France.^1,4 He was Count of Hainaut between 1074 and 1098.¹⁵

     Ida (?) de Louvain was born before 1077.^10,4,1 She married Baudouin II (?) Graaf van Henegouwen, Valenciennes, Ostrevant et Douai, son of Baudouin VI "de Mons" (?) Graaf van Vlaanderen, comte de Hainaut and Richilde (?) de Mons, comtesse de Hainaut, in 1084.^{11,12,10,13,4,1,14,15,7,8}

Ida (?) de Louvain died in 1139.^{12,2,10,4,1,8}
      ; Per Med Lands:
     "BAUDOUIN de Flandre, son of BAUDOUIN VI Count of Flanders, BAUDOUIN I Comte de Hainaut & his wife Richilde de Mons Ctss de Hainaut ([1056]-killed near Nikaia 1098 after 8 Jun). Guibert describes him as "Balduinus comes de Montibus, Roberti Flandrensis comitis iunioris patrui, filius"[164]. "Balduino frater eius [Arnulphum occiso]" is named in the Cartulaire de Saint-Bertin[165]. He succeeded his brother in 1071 as BAUDOUIN II Comte de Hainaut et de Valenciennes. By agreement at Liège in 1071, procured by Emperor Heinrich IV King of Germany with the aim of confirming the status of the counties of Hainaut and Valenciennes as imperial fiefs, Baudouin's mother (on his behalf) surrendered the two counties to the emperor, who granted them to the bishop of Liège. The bishop then granted the counties to Godefroi III "le Bossu" Duke of Lower Lotharingia, who in turn granted them back to Baudouin and his mother[166]. This process also ensured imperial protection for Hainaut as well as comte Baudouin III's succession, which no doubt would otherwise have been threatened by his uncle Robert I Count of Flanders. "Balduinus, Valenciarum comes, filius Balduini junioris" confirmed the purchase by the abbot of Hasnon of two mills, for the souls of "patris mei Balduini et matris mee Ricildis", by charter dated 1087[167]. Comte Baudouin joined the contingent of Godefroi de Bouillon Duke of Lower Lotharingia (avoiding that of Robert I Count of Flanders) on the First Crusade in 1096, selling the castle of Couvin to Otbert Bishop of Liège to raise funds. Otbert Bishop of Liège declared having bought "castellum de Covino" from "comite Balduino de Mont", in the presence of "uxore ipsius Ida, cum filiis suis Baldewino, Arnulpho, Lodewico, Heinrico", by charter dated 14 Jun 1096, signed by "Rainerus advocatus, comes Warnerus de Greis, Wedericus de Walecourth…"[168]. William of Tyre names "Baudoin comte de Hainaut" among those who left on the First Crusade with Robert Count of Flanders[169]. Albert of Aix records that "Hugonem Magnum fratrem regis Franciæ, Drogonem et Clareboldum" were held in chains in prison by the emperor at Constantinople but were released after the intervention of "Baldewinus Hainaucorum comes et Heinricus de Ascha" who were sent as envoys by Godefroi de Bouillon[170]. Albert of Aix names "…Baldewinus de Monte castello, Hainaucorum comes et princeps…" among those who took part in the siege of Nikaia, dated to mid-1097 from the context[171]. He took part in the siege of Antioch in 1098.
     "m (1084) IDA de Louvain, daughter of HENRI [II] Comte de Louvain & his wife Adela [in der Betuwe] (-1139). The Chronicon Huberti names "Ida" wife of "Balduinum comitem Montensem" but does not give her origin[172]. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines records the marriage in 1084 of "Idam filiam Henrici Lovaniensis" and "comes Montensis Balduinus"[173]. Otbert Bishop of Liège declared having bought "castellum de Covino" from "comite Balduino de Mont", in the presence of "uxore ipsius Ida, cum filiis suis Baldewino, Arnulpho, Lodewico, Heinrico", by charter dated 14 Jun 1096[174]. Albert of Aix records that "uxor comitis Baldewini Hainaucorum" wept bitterly for the death of "Arnulfi…principis de castello Aldenardis" who had been "socius et conviator eius de terra…Galliæ", dated to [1105/06] from the context[175]. He does not specify which Baudouin, but it appears more likely that the text refers to the widow of count Baudouin II than to the young wife of count Baudouin III. If this is correct, it is surprising that the passage does not specify that her husband was dead. On the other hand, the date is early for the marriage of the younger count and in any case no other record has been identified which corroborates that Baudouin III was in Palestine at this time. The report is probably garbled."
Med Lands cites:

; Per Genealogy.EU (Flanders 2): “Ct Baldwin II of Hainault (1071-98), *ca 1056, +on Crusade in Palestine after 8.6.1098; m.1084 Ida of Louvaine (*by 1077 +1139);"


Per Genealogy.EU (Brabant 2): “B4. Ida of Louvain, *by 1077, +after 1107/1139; m.1084 Ct Baldwin II of Hainaut (+1098).”.^16,17

; Per Racines et Histoire (Hainaut): “2) Baudouin II de Hainaut dit «de Jérusalem» ° 1056 +X après 08/06/1098 (près Nikaia, Palestine, croisé dans le contingent de Godefroi de Bouillon) comte de Hainaut (1071 (avec agrément d’Heinrich IV, Roi de Germanie à Liège, ces fiefs impériaux passant d’hommage en hommage de l’Evêque de Liège à Godefroi III «Le Bossu», duc de BasseLitharingie qui les reconcède à Baudouin et à sa mère) -1098), Valenciennes, Ostrevant et Douai (nommé dans le Cartulaire de Saint-Bertin ; vend le château de Couvin à Otbert, Evêque de Liège pour financer sa croisade ; participe au siège d’Antioche 1098 ; disparaît, surpris par une embuscade turcomane, alors en mission avec Hugues de Vermandois vers l’Empereur Alexios 1°)
ép.1084 sa cousine Ida (alias Alix) de Louvain ° ~1077 + 1139 (fille d’Henri II, comte de Louvain, et d’Adèle de Clèves-Bétuwe alias de Teisterbant)”


Per Racines et Histoire (Brabant): “Ida de Louvain ° ~1077+ 1139
ép.1084 son cousin Baudouin II, comte de Hainaut (1071-1098), Valenciennes, Ostrevant et Douai ° ~1056 +X 1098 après 08/06 (Nikaia, croisé) (fils de Baudouin VI, comte de Flandres et de Richilde de Mons, comtesse de Hainaut) d’où Richilde qui ép. ~1115 Amauri III de Montfort (annul. 1118)”.^18,19 Ida (?) de Louvain was also known as Ida (Alix) (?) de Lotharingie (Lorraine).^20,3,4

Reference: Genealogics cies: Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag, Marburg, Schwennicke, Detlev (Ed.) 2:6.⁷

; This is the same person as ”Ida, Countess of Hainaut” at Wikipedia.²¹ GAV-25.²²

; Per Med Lands:
     "IDA de Louvain (-1139). The Chronicon Huberti names "Ida" wife of "Balduinum comitem Montensem" but does not give her origin[82]. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines records the marriage in 1084 of "Idam filiam Henrici Lovaniensis" and "comes Montensis Balduinus"[83]. Albert of Aix records that "uxor comitis Baldewini Hainaucorum" wept bitterly for the death of "Arnulfi…principis de castello Aldenardis" who had been "socius et conviator eius de terra…Galliæ", dated to [1105/06] from the context[84]. He does not specify which Baudouin, but it appears more likely that the text refers to the widow of count Baudouin II than to the young wife of count Baudouin III. If this is correct, it is surprising that the passage does not specify that her husband was dead. On the other hand, the date is early for the marriage of the younger count and in any case no other record has been identified which corroborates that Baudouin III was in Palestine at this time. The report is probably garbled.
     "m (1084) BAUDOUIN II Comte de Hainaut, son of BAUDOUIN VI Count of Flanders, BAUDOUIN I Comte de Hainaut & his wife Richilde de Mons Ctss de Hainaut ([1056]-killed near Nikaia 1098 after 8 Jun)."
Med Lands cites: She was living in 1107.⁷

     Baudouin III de Hainaut Count of Hainaut was born in 1088; Leo van de Pas says b. ca 1087.^1,2 He married Yolande (Jolante) (?) de Gueldre, daughter of Gerhard I Flaminius (?) Graaf van Gelre, Graf von Wassenberg and Clemence (?) de Poitou, heiress of Gleibert, Css de Longwy, circa 1107.^1,7

Baudouin III de Hainaut Count of Hainaut died in 1120.²
      ; Leo van de Pas cites: Stammtafeln zur Geschichte der Europäischen Staaten, 4 volumes, Marburg, 1953, 1975., W. K. Prinz von Isenburg, Reference: II 9.²

; In 1098 he succeeded his father as Count of Hainault and, without success, tried to have Flanders returned to him. When he died in 1120, it was his wife who acted as regent in Hainault for about five years until their son, Baudouin IV, came of age.² GAV-25 EDV-25 GKJ-26.⁸ He was Count of Hainault between 1098 and 1120.² He was Count of Hainault between 1098 and 1120 at Hainaut, France.¹

     Yolande (Jolante) (?) de Gueldre was born circa 1092.³ She married Baudouin III de Hainaut Count of Hainaut, son of Baudouin II (?) Graaf van Henegouwen, Valenciennes, Ostrevant et Douai and Ida (?) de Louvain, circa 1107.^2,3
Yolande (Jolante) (?) de Gueldre married Gotfried de Bouchain Vicomte de Valenciennes
; her 2nd husband.^7,3
      ; Leo van de Pas cites: 1. Stammtafeln zur Geschichte der Europäischen Staaten, 4 volumes, Marburg, 1953, 1975., W. K. Prinz von Isenburg, Reference: II 9
2. Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag Marburg., Detlev Schwennicke, Editor, Reference: VI 25.³

; As a very young girl she married Baudouin III, Count of Hainault. When he died in 1120, she became regent of this county for their son, Baudouin IV, until he came of age. However, as a widow she married Gotfried de Bouchain, Viscount of Valenciennes. When she died she was buried in the Abbey of Sainte Waudru, in Mons.³ GAV-25 EDV-25 GKJ-26.⁸ Yolande (Jolante) (?) de Gueldre was also known as Yolande van Wassenberg.² Yolande (Jolante) (?) de Gueldre was also known as Yolande (?) von Wassenberg.³

     Baudouin IV "de Bouwer" (?) Comte de Hainaut/Graaf van Henegouwen was born between 1108 and 1110 at Mons, Arrondissement de Mons, Hainaut, Belgium (now); Genealogy.EU says b. ca 1108; Genealogics says b. ca 1110.^1,2,7 He married Alice de Namur Heiress of Namur, comtesse de Hainaut, daughter of Godfrey/Godefroid (?) Comte de Namur et de Comte de Château-Porcien and Ermesinde (?) Gräfin von Luxemburg, Heiress of Longwy, circa 1130 at Namur, Belgium.^1,2,4,8,9

Baudouin IV "de Bouwer" (?) Comte de Hainaut/Graaf van Henegouwen died on 8 November 1171 at Mons, Arrondissement de Mons, Hainaut, Belgium (now).^1,2,7
Baudouin IV "de Bouwer" (?) Comte de Hainaut/Graaf van Henegouwen was buried after 8 November 1171 at Collegiate Church of St. Waudru, Mons, Arrondissement de Mons, Hainaut, Belgium; From Find A Grave:
     BIRTH     1108, Mons, Arrondissement de Mons, Hainaut, Belgium
     DEATH     8 Nov 1171 (aged 62–63), Mons, Arrondissement de Mons, Hainaut, Belgium
     Baldwin IV "le Batisseur" Count of Hainaut was born 1108 in Mons, Hainaut, Belgium. His parents were Baldwin III of Hainaut and Yolande von Wassenberg. He married Alix of Namur on 1130 in Namur, Belgium. He passed away on Nov 8 1171 in Château de Mons, Hainaut, Belgium. As he was a minor at his father's death, the regency was assumed by his mother, Countess de Flanders, who ruled the country with prudence and firmness. They had negotiated the betrothal of thier son with Alix de Namur and secured, by treaty rights of the latter, to the County of Namur. The Countess allowed her son to begin his rule in 1127. Children from this union with Alix de Namur were: i.Baldwin, died young, buried in Binche; ii.Godefroy, Count of Ostrevant, died in Mons on 16 April 6, 1159 without issue, married 15 years with Eleanor of Vermandois; iii.Baldwin V (1156 † 1195), Count of Hainaut, listed below; iv.William of Hainault, lord of Chateau-Thierry in the county of Namur, married his first wife Mahaud Lalaing, and his second wife was Avoye Saint-Sauve; v.Henry, Lord of Sebourg, of Angre and Fay. He lies in Sebourg where, on his tomb, it says "uncle of Baldwin, emperor of Constantinople", married Jeanne de Cisoing; vi.Yolande, with first husband Yves III, lord of Néelle and Falvy, Comte de Soissons, died childless in 1157 and his second wife, Hugh IV, Count of Saint-Pol; vii.Agnes, said the cripple, the first wife of Raoul, Sire de Coucy, Marle, La Fere, Crécy, Vervins, Pinon and Landousies, died before 1173; viii.Laurence, who with her second husband, gave a lot of property to the Town Hall, to the Cistercian order, diocese of Paris, where she was buried after his death on August 9, 1181, married Thierry of Ghent , last lord of Alost and Waes, with whom she was still alive in 1160 and who died childless in 1165, then his second wife shortly after 1171 with Bouchard IV, Lord of Montmorency.
     Source: JJ. de Smet, "Baldwin", Royal Academy of Belgium, National Biography, vol. 1, Paris, 1866 [detailed editions], p. 808-810 808-810
     Family Members
     Parents
          Baldwin Count Of Hainaut 1088–1120
          Yolande DeGuelders Von Wassenberg 1089–1110
     Spouse
          Alix of Namur 1100–1169
     Children
          Baldwin Hainaut 1156–1195
     BURIAL     Collegiate Church of St. Waudru, Mons, Arrondissement de Mons, Hainaut, Belgium
     Maintained by: Gene Stephan
     Originally Created by: Audrey DeCamp Hoffman
     Added: 7 Feb 2012
     Find a Grave Memorial 84654120.⁷
     Reference: Genealogics cites:

; Per Genealogics:
     "Baudouin IV was born about 1110, the son of Baudouin III, count of Hainault, and Yolande van Wassenberg. He was about ten when his father died in 1120. For the following five years his mother acted as his regent. About 1130 he married Adele/Ermesinde de Namur, daughter of Godefroid, comte de Namur, and his second wife Ermesinde, Gräfin von Luxemburg. Baudouin and Adele had seven children of whom two sons and two daughters would have progeny. He also had two sons by a mistress, one of whom would have progeny.
     "Also known as Baudouin 'the Builder', he purchased a part of the domain of Ath from his liegeman, Gilles de Trazegnies in 1148, and later built a massive square donjon about 20 metres high and 14 metres wide, with 4 metre thick walls (the Burbant Tower) there in order to protect the northern part of the county, Later the _ville neuve_ (new town) of Ath that developed around the fort was granted civil rights and a free market, attracting settlers. In 1158 the abbey of St. Waudru in Mons ceded to him Braine-la-Willotte, which was renamed Braine-le-Comte. He incorporated the domains of Chimay and Valenciennes into Hainault in 1159 and 1160, respectively.
     "However, like his father, he failed to have Flanders returned to him. In 1171 he died in Mons and was buried there in the abbey of Sainte Waudru. He was succeeded by his son Baudouin V."²

; This is the same person as Baldwin IV, Count of Hainaut at Wikipedia, and as Baudouin IV de Hainaut at Wikipédia (Fr.)^10,11

; Per Med Lands:
     "BAUDOUIN de Hainaut, son of BAUDOUIN III Comte de Hainaut & his wife Yolande van Gelre ([1110]-6/8 Nov 1171, bur Binche, Monastery of St Marie). The Chronicon Hanoniense names "Balduinum primum et Gerardum secundum" as sons of "Balduinus comes Hanoniensis" & his wife[211]. The Liber de Restauratione Sancti Martini Tornacensis names "Balduinum et Richeldem" as children of Comte Baudouin and his wife Yolande[212]. A charter dated 1117 records the donation by "comite Balduino", with the consent of "uxore sua Iola et filio suo Balduino…prefati comites fratres Ernulfus et Willelmus", of "allodium de Oberceiis" to the abbey of Saint-Denis en Broqueroie[213]. He succeeded his father in 1120 as BAUDOUIN IV “le Bâtisseur” Comte de Hainaut, minor until [1124/25]. "Balduinus Hainoniensis comes" renounced rights over "les bois de Saint-Calixte" in favour of Cysoing by charter dated to [1160], signed by "Balduini comitis, Godefridi filii eius, Eustachii del Ruth…"[214]. His brother-in-law Henri Comte de Namur et de Luxembourg named Comte Baudouin as his heir, the right to this prospective inheritance passing to his son Comte Baudouin V after he died in 1171[215]. The Chronicon Hanoniense records that "Balduinus [marito Alidis comitissa]" was buried "Bincii in monasterio sancta Marie"[216].
     "m ([1130]) ALIX de Namur, daughter of GODEFROI I Comte de Namur & his second wife Ermesinde de Luxembourg ([1112/14]-end Jul 1169). The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names (in order) "ducissa Cyringie…Beatrix…Alidis…" as the three daughters of "comes Godefridus de Namuco" & his second wife[217]. The Chronicon Hanoniense names "Alidem…Godefridi comitis Namurcensis et Ermesendis comitisse filiam" as wife of "Balduinus comes Hanoniensis, Balduini comitis et Yolendis comitisse filiuis", in a later passage specifying that she was one of the daughters of her father's second marriage[218]. The Genealogica comitum Buloniensium names "Alithiam" as sister of "Godefridus frater Henricum", specifying that she married "Hainoensi comiti Balduino"[219], although it is chronologically impossible for Alix to have been the sister of Godefroi. The Liber de Restauratione Sancti Martini Tornacensis refers to the wife of Count Baudouin as "comitis Namucensis germanam"[220]. "
Med Lands cites: GAV-24 EDV-24 GKJ-25.

; Per Genealogy.EU (Flanders 2): "B1. Ct Baldwin IV "de Bouwer" of Hainault (1120-71), *ca 1108, +6/8.11.1171; m.Namur ca 1130 Alice de Namur, heiress of Namur (*ca 1115 +VII.1169)"
Per Genealogy.EU (Luxemburg 2): "F6. [2m.] Alice de Namur *ca 1115, +VII.1169; m.ca 1130 Ct Baldwin IV of Hainaut and Namur (*ca 1110 +1171); the descendants of this marriage inherited Namur."⁵

; Per Racines et Histoire (Hainaut): "Baudouin IV «de Bouwer» («Le Bâtisseur») de Hainaut + ~1108/10 + 06 ou 08/11/1171 (majeur ~1124/25) comte de Hainaut (1120-1171) (désigné comme son héritier par son beau-frère Henri, comte de Namur et de Luxembourg, ses droits passent à son fils Baudouin V)
     ép.~1130/35 (Namur) Alix (Ermesende) de Namur ° ~1112/14 + fin 07/1169 héritière de Namur (fille de Godefroi 1er, comte de Namur, et d’Ermesende, comtesse de Luxembourg) liaison avec X)"


Per Racines et Histoire (Namur): "2) Alix (Alice, Adélaïde, Ermesinde) de Namur ° 1112/15 + fin 07/1169 héritière de Namur
     ép. ~1130/40 (Namur) Baudouin IV «Le Bâtisseur» («de Bouwer»), comte de Hainaut (1120-1171) et de Namur ° ~1108/10 + 06-08/11/1171 (fils de Baudouin III, comte de Hainaut (1139), et de Yolande van Geldern) (désigné comme héritier par Henri, comte de Namur puis son fils Baudouin V (1171.)^12,13" He was Count of Hainaut
See attached maps of the County of Hainaut ca 1244 and 1350. between 1120 and 1171.^1,2,14

     Alice de Namur Heiress of Namur, comtesse de Hainaut was born circa 1115.² She was born circa 1117 at Namur, Belgium.⁹ She married Baudouin IV "de Bouwer" (?) Comte de Hainaut/Graaf van Henegouwen, son of Baudouin III de Hainaut Count of Hainaut and Yolande (Jolante) (?) de Gueldre, circa 1130 at Namur, Belgium.^10,11,12,6,7

Alice de Namur Heiress of Namur, comtesse de Hainaut was buried in July 1169 at Collegiate Church of St. Waudru, Mons, Arrondissement de Mons, Hainaut, Belgium; From Find A Grave:
     BIRTH     c.1100
     DEATH     Jul 1169 (aged 68–69)
     Wife of Count Baudouin IV of Hainault. The last remaining tomb of the six tombs of the Counts of Hainault; the rest were destroyed during the Revolutionary Wars.
     Family Members
     Parents
          Godfrey Count of Namur 1068–1139
          Ermesende de Luxembourg unknown–1141
     Spouse
          Baldwin IV Count de Hainaut Le Batisseur 1108–1171
     Siblings
          Clémence de Namur 1110–1158
          Henri de Namur 1111–1196
     Children
          Baldwin Hainaut 1156–1195
     BURIAL     Collegiate Church of St. Waudru, Mons, Arrondissement de Mons, Hainaut, Belgium
     Maintained by: Find a Grave
     Added: 11 Jul 2000
     Find a Grave Memorial 10913.¹³
Alice de Namur Heiress of Namur, comtesse de Hainaut died in July 1169; Genealogy.EU says d. Jul 1169; Genealogics says d. Jul 1168; Med Lands says d. end Jul 1169.^2,6,7
      ; Per Genealogy.EU (Flanders 2): "B1. Ct Baldwin IV "de Bouwer" of Hainault (1120-71), *ca 1108, +6/8.11.1171; m.Namur ca 1130 Alice de Namur, heiress of Namur (*ca 1115 +VII.1169)"
Per Genealogy.EU (Luxemburg 2): "F6. [2m.] Alice de Namur *ca 1115, +VII.1169; m.ca 1130 Ct Baldwin IV of Hainaut and Namur (*ca 1110 +1171); the descendants of this marriage inherited Namur."³

; Per Racines et Histoire (Hainaut): "Baudouin IV «de Bouwer» («Le Bâtisseur») de Hainaut + ~1108/10 + 06 ou 08/11/1171 (majeur ~1124/25) comte de Hainaut (1120-1171) (désigné comme son héritier par son beau-frère Henri, comte de Namur et de Luxembourg, ses droits passent à son fils Baudouin V)
     ép.~1130/35 (Namur) Alix (Ermesende) de Namur ° ~1112/14 + fin 07/1169 héritière de Namur (fille de Godefroi 1er, comte de Namur, et d’Ermesende, comtesse de Luxembourg) liaison avec X)"


Per Racines et Histoire (Namur): "2) Alix (Alice, Adélaïde, Ermesinde) de Namur ° 1112/15 + fin 07/1169 héritière de Namur
     ép. ~1130/40 (Namur) Baudouin IV «Le Bâtisseur» («de Bouwer»), comte de Hainaut (1120-1171) et de Namur ° ~1108/10 + 06-08/11/1171 (fils de Baudouin III, comte de Hainaut (1139), et de Yolande van Geldern) (désigné comme héritier par Henri, comte de Namur puis son fils Baudouin V (1171.)^14,15"

; Per Med Lands:
     "ALIX de Namur (-end Jul 1169). The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names (in order) "ducissa Cyringie…Beatrix…Alidis…" as the three daughters of "comes Godefridus de Namuco" & his second wife[156]. The Chronicon Hanoniense names "Alidem…Godefridi comitis Namurcensis et Ermesendis comitisse filiam" as wife of "Balduinus comes Hanoniensis, Balduini comitis et Yolendis comitisse filiuis", in a later passage specifying that she was one of the daughters of her father's second marriage[157]. "Godefridus comes Namurcensis et Ermensendis comitissa" founded the abbey of Floreffe, with the consent of "Adelberto, Henrico, Clementia, Beatrice, Adelaide", by charter dated 27 Nov 1121[158]. The Genealogica comitum Buloniensium names "Alithiam" sister of "Godefridus frater Henricum", specifying that she married "Hainoensi comiti Balduino"[159], although it is chronologically impossible for Alice to have been the sister of Godefroi. The Liber de Restauratione Sancti Martini Tornacensis refers to the wife of Count Baudouin as "comitis Namucensis germanam"[160].
     "m ([1130]) BAUDOUIN IV Comte de Hainaut, son of BAUDOUIN III Comte de Hainaut & his wife Yolande van Gelre ([1110]-6/8 Nov 1171). His brother-in-law Henri Comte de Namur et de Luxembourg named Comte Baudouin as his heir, the right to this prospective inheritance passing to his son Comte Baudouin V after he died in 1171[161]."
Med Lands cites:

; This is the same person as Alice of Namur at Wikipedia, as Alice de Namur at Wikipédia (Fr.)^16,17

Reference: Genealogics cites: Europäische Stammtafeln, Band II, Frank Baron Freytag von Loringhoven, 1975, Isenburg, W. K. Prinz von. 9.⁶ GAV-24 EDV-24 GKJ-25. Alice de Namur Heiress of Namur, comtesse de Hainaut was also known as Adele de Namur Heiress of Namur, comtesse de Hainaut.⁶ Alice de Namur Heiress of Namur, comtesse de Hainaut was also known as Alix de Namur Heiress of Namur, comtesse de Hainaut.^1,7 Alice de Namur Heiress of Namur, comtesse de Hainaut was also known as Adele/Ermensinde de Namur Heiress of Namur, comtesse de Hainaut.^1,2,6 Alice de Namur Heiress of Namur, comtesse de Hainaut was also known as Ermensinde de Namur Heiress of Namur, comtesse de Hainaut.⁶

     Agnes "la Boiteuse" (?) de Hainaut was born circa 1142 at Hainaut, Belgium (now); Genealogy.EU says b. ca 1142; Med Lands says b. 1140/45.^1,6 She married Raoul I de Coucy Seigneur de Coucy, Marle and le Fère, son of Sir Enguerrand II de Coucy sn de Coucy, Marle and le Fere and Agnes de Beaugency, before 1164
;
His 1st wife; Leo van de Pas says m. 1168.^2,1,10,11,12
Agnes "la Boiteuse" (?) de Hainaut died before 1174; Genealogics says d. bef 1174; Genealogy.EU says d. 1168-1173.^10,5
      ; Per Genealogy.EU (de Coucy): "B1. Raoul I, sn de Coucy, etc., *ca 1135, +k.a.Acre XI.1191, bur Foisny; 1m: before 1164 Agnes of Hainaut (*ca 1142 +1168/73); 2m: after 1173 Alix de Dreux (*ca 1156 +after 1217.)¹³"

; Per Racines et Histoire: "Raoul 1er de Coucy ° ~1135/47 +x 01/11/1190/91 (croisé 1188, + siège d’Acre, Palestine), seigneur de Coucy (1160), Crécy-sur-Serre, La Fère, Pinon, Saint-Gobain, Fontaines, Landouzies, Marle et Vervins (1168), combattant & négociateur avisé (allié à Philippe II «Auguste» contre Philippe d’Alsace, comte de Flandres, en Vermandois) (partage ses domaines entre ses fils créant 3 branches distinctes : Guînes et Meaux, Vervins et Polecourt, Pinon et Meaux)
     ép. 1) dès 1164 Agnès de Hainaut ° ~1140/42 + dès 1173 (Laon) (fille de Baudouin IV «Le Bâtisseur», et d’Alix, comtesse de Namur) (dont 3 filles)
     ép. 2) ~1174 Alix de Dreux ° ~1156 + après 1217 (1219) (fille de Robert 1er, comte de Dreux, et d’Agnès de Baudément ; petite-fille du roi Louis VI «Le Gros» ; cousine du Roi régnant) (dont 4 fils et 1 fille.)¹⁴"

; Per Med Lands:
     "AGNES de Hainaut ([1140/45]-1174 or after). The Chronicon Hanoniense names (in order) "Yolandem, Agnetem, Lauretam" as the daughters of "Alidis comitissa Hanonensis …cum viro Balduino comite", specifying that the second daughter Agnes married "Radulphus de Cocy qui et Cociacum et Marlam et Vervinum et Feram castra possidebat"[225]. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names (in order) "comitem Balduinum, Henricum de Seburgo et quatuor sorores" as children of "comiti Balduini de Haynaco", naming one daughter (first among those listed) "Agnes [uxor] Rodulfo de Marla"[226]. "Radulphus…Cociaci et Marlæ dominus…Engelranni filius" donated property to Saint-Denis, for the souls of "meæ, Agnetis uxoris meæ" and especially for the soul of "fratris mei Engelranni" who was buried in the abbey, by charter dated 1174[227].
     "m (before 1164) as his first wife, RAOUL [I] de Coucy Seigneur de Coucy et de Marle, son of ENGUERRAND [II] Seigneur de Coucy & his wife Agnes de Baugency (after 1142-killed siege of Acre Nov 1191, bur Abbaye de Foigny). "
Med Lands cites:

; Per Wikipedia:
     "Agnès de Hainaut dite « la Boiteuse », née en 1152 et morte à Laon en 1173, fille du comte Baudouin IV de Hainaut, et d'Alix fille de Godefroid comte de Namur. Tante d'Isabelle de Hainaut, première femme de Philippe Auguste.
     "Elle épouse Raoul Ier de Coucy, seigneur de Vervins, Marle, la Fère et Coucy, tué au siège de Saint-Jean-d'Acre le 15 octobre 1191, au cours de la troisième croisade. Elle eut avec lui trois enfants :
Anecdotes
     "Agnès de Hainaut mourut à Laon en 1173 ; et comme elle avait sa sépulture dans l'abbaye de Nogent-sous-Coucy, il y eut à ce sujet de grandes contestations entre les religieux de cette abbaye et ceux de Saint-Vincent de Laon. C'était le droit de ceux-ci d'enterrer chez eux non seulement les chanoines de l'église cathédrale, mais encore les vassaux et ceux qui tenaient des fiefs mouvants de cette église lorsqu'ils mouraient à Laon, dans ce qu'on appelait alors les limites de la paix. Ceux de Nogent opposaient à ce droit la disposition testamentaire de la défunte, et l'affaire fut portée au Saint-Siège. Comme elle ne fut pas sitôt terminée, Agnès fut enterrée, comme elle l'avait souhaité, dans l'abbaye de Nogent, et Nivelon, évêque de Soissons, régla dans la suite les droits que ces deux abbayes auraient dorénavant à prétendre dans ces sortes d'occurrences. 1
Articles connexes
** Description du château de Coucy par Eugène Viollet-le-Duc: https://fr.wikisource.org/wiki/Description_du_ch%C3%A2teau_de_Coucy
** Liste des seigneurs de Coucy: https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste_des_seigneurs_de_Coucy
** Coucy; https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coucy-le-Ch%C3%A2teau-Auffrique
** Abbaye de Nogent-sous-Coucy: https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbaye_de_Nogent-sous-Coucy
** Château de Coucy: https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Coucy
Références
1. Histoire du château de Coucy de Antoine-Louis Saint-Just - 1789."¹⁵

Reference: Genealogics cites: Stammtafeln zur Geschichte der Europäischen Staaten, 4 volumes, Marburg, 1953, 1975., W. K. Prinz von Isenburg, Reference: II 9.⁴ EDV-23 GKJ-24.¹⁶

; Per Genealogy.EU (Flanders): "C8. Agnes, *ca 1142, +1168/73; m.before 1164 Raoul I de Coucy (*1134 +XI.1191, bur Foisny.)^17,13"

; Per Racines et Histoire: "Agnès de Hainaut «La Boîteuse» ° 1140/45 (~1142) + 1168/73
     ép. avant 1164 Raoul 1er de Coucy ° 1134 ou après 1142 ? +X 11/1191 (siège d’Acre, Palestine) seigneur de Coucy, Marle, La Fère, Crécy, Vervins, Landousies et Pinon (fils d’Enguerrand II, seigneur de Coucy et d’Agnès de Boisgency.)¹⁸"

     Ade de Coucy married Diederik II (?) Heer van Bevern.⁶

Ade de Coucy died after 1166.¹
      ; Leo van de Pas cites: 1. Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag Marburg., Detlev Schwennicke, Editor, Reference: VII 80
2. Kwartierstaten compiled during WWII in the office of De Nederlandsche Leeuw , Drs. Arie Veth.²

     Ermesinde (?) Gräfin von Luxemburg, Heiress of Longwy was born circa 1075 at Trier.^5,2 She married Albert II de Moha Comte de Moha, Graf von Dagsburg:, son of Heinrich I (?) Graf von Egisheim und Dagsburg and NN de Moha, circa 1096
;
Her 1st husband; his 2nd wife.^2,6,7,4,8 Ermesinde (?) Gräfin von Luxemburg, Heiress of Longwy married Godfrey/Godefroid (?) Comte de Namur et de Comte de Château-Porcien, son of Albert III (?) Comte de Namur and Ida Billung von Sachsen, heiress of La Roche, in 1109
;
His 2nd wife; her 2nd husband; Genealogy.EU (Luxemburg 3 page) says m. ca 1101.^{1,9,10,5,2,4,11}
Ermesinde (?) Gräfin von Luxemburg, Heiress of Longwy died on 24 June 1141.^9,1,2,4
      ; Per Genealogy.EU: "Ermesinde, heiress of Luxemburg and Longwy, *1075, +24.6.1143; 1m: ca 1096 Adalbert II von Egisheim, Gf von Dagsburg-Moka (+24.8.1098); 2m: ca 1101 Ct Godfrey of Namur (*1067/8, +1139.)²"

GAV-23 EDV-23 GKJ-24.

Reference: Genealogics cites:

; Per Genealogics:
     "Ermesinde was born about 1080, the daughter of Konrad I, Graf von Luxemburg, and Clémence de Poitou, heiress of Gleiberg.
     "In 1096 she married Albert, Graf von Dagsburg, Egisheim, Metz und Moha, and steward of Altorf, son of Heinrich I, Graf von Dagsburg, and a lady of the von Moha family. Albert and Ermesinde had two daughters, Mechtild married to Folmar, Graf von Metz und Homburg, who in 1135 founded the abbey of Beaupré, and an unnamed daughter, married to a Count Aiulf, who is only known from a deed of 1124, in which Ermesinde calls her grandson Eberhard 'son of Count Aiulf'.
     "In 1109 Ermesinde became the second wife of Godefroid, comte de Namur, the eldest son of Albert III, comte de Namur, and Ida von Sachsen. He had earlier been married to Sibil de Porcean, with whom he had two daughters. That marriage ended in divorce in 1104, when Sibil was pregnant from her lover Enguerrand I de Coucy, seigneur de Boves de Coucy, who had abducted her. Ermesinde and Godefroid had five children of whom Henri, Clémence, Adele and Beatrice would have progeny.
     "After the death of her nephew Konrad II, Graf von Luxemburg, in 1136, there were no surviving males in the house of Ardennes-Verdun and she inherited the counties of Luxemburg and Longwy. However, she immediately abdicated in favour of her son Henri and never actually ruled.
     "Ermesinde made a number of donations to churches and monasteries. Towards the end of her life, she retired to a monastery. She died on 24 June 1141."¹

Ermesinde (?) Gräfin von Luxemburg, Heiress of Longwy was also known as Ermenson (Ermensinde) (?)⁹

; Per Med Lands:
     "ERMENSENDE de Luxembourg (-26 Jun 1141). The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "comitem Guilelmum de Luscelenburg…et Ermensendem…et Mathildem" as children of "Conrado comiti de Luscelenburch" and his wife Ermensende, specifying that Ermesinde was wife of "Namucensem…comitis Godefridi"[190]. Ermensende´s correct parentage is stated in the charter dated 17 Jun 1129 under which Meginher Archbishop of Trier confirmed the foundation of Kloster Schiffenberg by "Clementia…comitissa" with the consent of "filii sui Willehelmi et filie Irmesindis"[191]. "Ermensendis comitissa Namucensis" confirmed the prior donation of property to the church of Verdun Sainte-Vanne by "senioris mei comitis Alberti" by charter dated to [1124], subscribed by "domni mei Godefridi comitis et filii mei Henrici comitis, Hugonis filii Folmari comitis, Everardi filii Aiulfi comitis"[192]. "Ermensendis comitissa de Muhalt, quæ uxor…comitis Alberti" founded the monastery of Saint-Victor, Huy by charter dated 1130[193]. Heiress of Luxembourg and Longwy, after the death of her nephew Comte Conrad [II] in 1136. "Comitissa de Musal Ermensendis cum viro suo Namucensi comite Godefrido" donated property to Flône, at the request of "Guntranni et Gisle uxoris eius", by charter dated 1137[194]. In a charter dated 1139, "Albero…Leodiensium episcopus" notes a donation of property to the abbey of Marcigny-sur-Loire by "domna Ermensendis comitissa de Musalt, quæ uxor extitit…comitis Alberici" on the suggestion of "quadam nobili et religiosa fœmina nomine Regina, sibi enim consanguinea"[195], the original donation presumably being dated before [1109] when Ermesinde married her second husband. It is likely that "Regina" in this charter was Regina von Oltingen, whose mother was first cousin to Ermesinde. The necrology of Verdun Saint-Vanne records the death "VIII Kal Jun" of "Ermensendis comitissa Namucensis qui cum viro suo…comite Alberto cellam Montis Sancti Martini…confirmavit"[196].
     "m firstly as his second wife, ALBERT [II] Graf von Dagsburg, son of [ALBERT [I] de Moha & his wife ---] (-24 Aug 1098).
     "m secondly ([1109]) as his second wife, GODEFROI [I] Comte de Namur, son of ALBERT [III] Comte de Namur & his wife Ida von Sachsen (-19 Aug 1139)."
Med Lands cites:

     Isabeau de Coucy married Raoul I de Roucy Cte de Roucy, son of Guiscard de Roucy Comte de Roucy and Elisabeth de Mareuil Dame de Neufchâtel-sur-Aisne,
; her 1st husband.^6,2 Isabeau de Coucy married Henri III (?) Comte de Grandpre, son of Henri II (?) Comte de Grandpre and Liutgard (?) von Luxemburg,
; her 2nd husband, his 2nd wife.⁶
      ; Leo van de Pas cites: Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag Marburg., Detlev Schwennicke, Editor, Reference: VII 11.¹

     Raoul I de Roucy Cte de Roucy married Isabeau de Coucy, daughter of Raoul I de Coucy Seigneur de Coucy, Marle and le Fère and Agnes "la Boiteuse" (?) de Hainaut,
; her 1st husband.^1,2
Raoul I de Roucy Cte de Roucy died in 1196.²
      ; Leo van de Pas cites: Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag Marburg., Detlev Schwennicke, Editor, Reference: VII 11.¹

     Stephen (Etienne) (?) de Blois, King of England was born between 1095 and 1097 at Blois, Loire-et-Cher, France.^10,11,2,3,8 He married Mathilde I (?) comtesse de Boulogne ed de Lens, daughter of Eustache III (?) Comte de Boulogne et de Lens and Mary (?) of Scotland, Countess of Boulogne, before 1125.^{12,4,13,2,14,3,15,8}

Stephen (Etienne) (?) de Blois, King of England died on 25 October 1154 at Canterbury, co. Kent, England; Med Lands says d. in Dover.^{10,16,1,11,14,3,8}
Stephen (Etienne) (?) de Blois, King of England was buried after 25 October 1154 at Faversham Abbey (Defunct), Faversham, Swale Borough, co. Kent, England; From Find A Grave:
     BIRTH     1096, Blois, Departement du Loir-et-Cher, Centre, France
     DEATH     25 Oct 1154 (aged 57–58), Dover, Dover District, Kent, England
     English Royalty. Grandson of William the Conqueror and the last Norman king of England (1135-1154). After his father's death in 1102, Stephen was raised by his uncle, Henry I. Henry was fond of Stephen, and granted his nephew estates on both sides of the English Channel. By 1130, Stephen was the richest man in England and Normandy. The first few years of his reign were peaceful, but by 1139 he was seen as weak and indecisive, setting the country up for a civil war, commonly called The Anarchy. His cousin Matilda, accompanied by her husband Geoffrey of Anjou and her half-brother Robert, Earl of Gloucester, invaded England and joined a rebellion against Stephen. Robert captured Stephen in battle at Lincoln; Stephen's government collapsed and Matilda was recognized as Queen. The contentious and arrogant Matilda quickly angered the citizens of London and was expelled from the city. Stephen's forces rallied, captured Robert, and exchanged the Earl for the King. Matilda had been defeated but the succession remained in dispute: Stephen wanted his son Eustace to be named heir, and Matilda wanted her son Henry of Anjou to succeed to the crown. Civil war continued until Matilda departed for France in 1148. The two sides finally reached a compromise with the Treaty of Wallingford - Stephen would rule unopposed until his death but the throne would pass to Henry of Anjou. Stephen died in Dover, at Dover Priory, and was buried in Faversham Abbey, which he had founded with his wife. Bio by: julia&keld
     Family Members
     Parents
          Stephen II de Blois 1045–1102
          Adele of Normandy 1066–1138
     Spouse
          Matilda of Boulogne 1105–1152
     Siblings
          Lucia-Mahaut Of Blois unknown–1120
          William de Blois 1082–1150
          Thibaut II de Champagne 1090–1152
     Children
          Matilda de Blois de Beaumont unknown–1141
          Baudouin de Blois unknown–1135
          Eustace IV Count of Boulogne 1129–1153
          Marie of Boulogne 1136–1182
          William I Count of Boulogne 1137–1159
     BURIAL     Faversham Abbey (Defunct), Faversham, Swale Borough, Kent, England
     Maintained by: Find a Grave
     Added: 31 Dec 2000
     Find a Grave Memorial 1950.^11,16,17
      ; Per Med Lands:
     "ETIENNE de Blois, son of ETIENNE Comte de Blois & his wife Adela of England (Blois [1096/97]-Dover 25 Oct 1154, bur Faversham Abbey, Kent[315]). Orderic Vitalis records that “Stephanus Blesensis palatinus comes” and his wife had “filios quatuor: Guillelmum et Tedbaldum, Stephanumque et Henricum”, adding that Etienne received “comitatum Moritolii in Normannia et multos in Anglia...honores” from “Henrici regis avunculi sui”[316]. Orderic Vitalis records that he was created Comte de Mortain by Henry I King of England "after Guillaume Comte de Mortain was captured at Tinchebrai" (1106)[317]. He was invested with Séez, Alençon, Le Mêle-sur-Sarthe and Almenèches with La Roche-Mabille by his brother Comte Thibaut IV, after the latter was invested with these lands by Henry I King of England who had confiscated them from Robert de Bellême[318]. It is difficult to date this event accurately. Robert de Bellême's territories were confiscated in 1112, but the passage in Orderic follows a description of the rebellion of Robert Giroie which is assumed to have taken place in Jul [1119]. Comte de Boulogne, de iure uxoris, before 1125. "Stephanus comes Bolonie et Morethonii et Mathildis comitissa" confirmed the possessions of the abbey of Samer by charter dated 1141 (presumably misdated because of the donors´ titles), subscribed by "…Eustachius de Fielnes, Willelmus et Rogerus fratres sui…"[319]. After the death of his uncle Henry I King of England, Stephen crossed at once to England[320] before his rival, King Henry's daughter Matilda, and had himself crowned as STEPHEN King of England at Westminster Abbey 22 Dec 1135. His first cousin Matilda continued to dispute the succession. During the civil war which ensued, Stephen was deposed and imprisoned by Matilda 7-10 April 1141, but restored to the throne 1 Nov 1141. He was crowned a second time at Canterbury Cathedral 1141, and a third time at Lincoln Cathedral 1146. Robert of Torigny records the death "1154 VIII Kal Nov" as "Stephanus rex Anglorum" and his burial "in monasterio Fasseham"[321].
     "m (before 1125) MATHILDE Ctss de Boulogne, daughter of EUSTACHE [III] Comte de Boulogne & his wife Mary of Scotland ([1103/05]-Hedingham Castle, Essex 2/3 or 30 May or 3 Jul 1151, bur Faversham Abbey[322]). Her parentage is recorded by Orderic Vitalis[323]. The Genealogica comitum Buloniensium names Mathilde as daughter of "Eustachius, frater Balduini regis Iheruslame" and his wife "Mariam filiam regis Scotiæ", also recording her marriage with "Stephano, filio Stephani Blesensis comitis"[324]. The Chronicle of Gervase records the coronation "XI Kal Apr 1136…apud Westmonasterium" of "uxor regis Stephani"[325]. She and her husband founded the Benedictine Abbey of Faversham in Kent, which was first colonised by the Cluniac house of Bermondsey[326]. Robert of Torigny records the death in 1152 of "Matildis uxor Stephani regis Anglorum" and in a later passage her burial "in monasterio Fasseham", recording that she had founded the abbey[327]. The Chronicle of Gervase records the death "V Non Mai 1152" of "Matildis regina" and her burial "apud Faversham"[328].
     "Mistress (1): ([1115/20]) DAMETA, a Norman woman, daughter of ---. Her son granted her the manor of Chelsea for an annual rent of £4[329]. same person as…? DAMETA, daughter of ROBERT & his second wife Felicia ---. She is named and her parentage given by Orderic Vitalis[330]. There is no proof that this co-identity is correct. However, the chronology is favourable and no other person with this name has yet been found in the primary sources consulted during the preparation of this document.
     "Mistress (2): ---. The name of Stephen's second mistress is not known."
Med Lands cites:

; See entries on Wikipediad and Wikipédia (Fr.)^18,19 GAV-24 EDV-24.

; per Ravilious: [quote] Stephen of Blois
Death: 25 Oct 1154[1]
Occ: King of England 1135-1154
Father: Stephen-Henry of Blois (1047-1102)
Mother: Adela of Normandy (~1062-1137)
3rd son
Count of Boulogne de jure uxoris, 1125
made King of England 1135 (opposed by Matilda, her husband Geoffrey of Anjou, and young Henry of Anjou) agreed to succession by Henry (II) of Anjou by Treaty of Winchester, 1153
Spouse: NN [not married; possibly named Dameta]
Children: NN
Other Spouses Matilda of Boulogne [end quote]
Ravilious cites:

Reference: Weis [1992:122] Line 139-23.²¹ Stephen (Etienne) (?) de Blois, King of England was also known as Etienne (Stephen) de Blois King of England.²

; Per Racines et Histoire: "Etienne de Blois ° 1096/97 (ou 1095 ?) + 25/10/1154 (Douvres) créé comte de Mortain par Henry 1er, Roi d’Angleterre (succède à Guillaume, capturé à Tinchebray, 1106), fait seigneur de Sées, Alençon, Le Mêlesur-Sarthe, Almenèches et La RocheMabille par son frère Thibaud IV, confirmé par Henry 1er (pour ces terres confisquées à Robert de Bellême ~1112), comte de Boulogne par sa femme (1125), Roi d’Angleterre (Stephen, 22/12/1135) et duc de Normandie
     ép. 1125 Mathilde de Boulogne, comtesse de Boulogne et de Lens ° ~1110 (ou 1072 ?) + 30/05/1151 (fille d’Eustache III et de Marie d’Ecosse)
     liaison avec X) Dameta
     liaison avec Y.)²²"

; For an interesting fictional account of the war between Matilda and her cousin Stephen (), read When Christ and His Saints Slept, by Sharon Kay Penman.²³
He was Duke of Normandy between 1135 and 1144.²⁴ He Crowned.¹² He was King of England, [Ashley, pp. 512-516] STEPHEN King of England, 22 December 1135-7 April 1141 (deposed); restored 1 November 1141-25 October 1154. Crowned: Westminster Abbey, 26 December 1135; and again Canterbury Cathedral 25 December 1141. Titles: king of England, count of Mortain (before 1115) and count of Boulogne (from c1125). Born: Blois, France, c1097. Died: Dover, 25 October 1154, aged 57. Buried: Faversham Abbey, Kent. Married: c1125, Matilda (c1103-1152), dau. of Eustace III, count of Boulogne, 5 children. Stephen had at least five illegitimate children. Stephen was the nephew of HENRY I. His mother, Adela, was the daughter of WILLIAM THE CONQUEROR, and inherited much of her father's strength and power, dominating her husband Stephen, count of Blois, whom she despatched to the Crusades where he was killed in 1102. She had at least ten children of which Stephen was one of the youngest. He soon became a favourite of his uncle Henry who showered him with gifts of lands in England and Normandy, making him one of the richest men in Henry's kingdom. His younger brother Henry likewise gained lands and titles, and was consecrated bishop of Winchester in October 1129, still an influential post at that time. This meant that both Stephen and Henry had more influence than their elder brother, Theobald (whom Henry I did not like), who had succeeded to the county of Blois on his father's death and had a greater right of succession to the English throne than Stephen. In 1125, Stephen had married Matilda, the niece of Henry I's first wife Matilda and granddaughter of MALCOLM III of Scotland. She was also fifth in descent from EDMUND IRONSIDE. Stephen had thus married into the royal blood of Wessex. In 1126 Henry I had forced his barons to swear fealty to his daughter, the Empress MATILDA, as successor in the absence of another direct male heir. Stephen had been a party to this, but it was not popular amongst the Normans who did not like the idea of being ruled by a woman. On his uncle's death in December 1135, Stephen hastened to London from his estates in Boulogne. Although initially denied access through Dover by Matilda's half-brother Robert of Gloucester, Stephen's resoluteness brought him to Canterbury where he gained the support of William, the archbishop. Moving on to London he gained the immediate support of the city by granting it the status of a commune, with rights of collective self-government. Stephen was crowned within three weeks of his uncle's death. This took most barons by surprise. Some were mustering their support behind Theobald. However, rather than have a divided kingdom they soon switched their allegiance to Stephen and swore fealty to him both as king of England and duke of Normandy. Stephen was helped by his brother Henry who allowed Stephen access to the royal treasury at Winchester, so that Stephen was able to bribe many of his less ardent supporters. Theobald did not pursue his claim, but Matilda was outraged. She protested, even to the pope, but Innocent II supported Stephen on the basis that certain barons and clerics maintained they had heard Henry state on his deathbed that he wished Stephen to be his successor.
For the moment Stephen was secure. In fact initially Stephen was a popular king. He had an affable nature but a firm hand and rapidly commanded respect. He was fair in his judgements and seemed to have the common touch so that he was supported by the vast majority of the English. There were, however, disputes. DAVID I, the king of Scotland, invaded Northumberland and claimed the territory in the name of his niece, Matilda. In fact David's intentions were more to reclaim what he believed were his own territories by right of succession, and he used Matilda's cause as an excuse. Stephen's skirmishes against David were all successful, culminating in the battle of the Standard in August 1138. Stephen had less success in the Welsh Marches, the stronghold of Robert of Gloucester, Matilda's half-brother, and it was here that Stephen's weakness lay. Although Robert had given token allegiance to Stephen it is evident that the two remained distrustful of each other. Even though Robert accompanied Stephen in 1137 in his expedition against Geoffrey of Anjou, Matilda's husband, who had been making regular incursions into Normandy, he did not act outright against Geoffrey and, by all accounts, began to support Geoffrey in his actions. In May 1138 Robert, who was then in Normandy, issued a declaration whereby he renounced his homage to Stephen. Stephen promptly forfeited Robert's lands and the only way Robert could regain them was by invading. Matilda now had an army to support her own claim to the English throne. Such were the roots of the first English civil war.
Once the rift was declared, Norman loyalties wavered and Robert was able to gain further support. It was during this period that Stephen's once sound judgement began to waver, but his determination caused him to make some ill-founded decisions that seriously weakened his position. First, in December 1138, he alienated his brother, Henry, by not supporting his claim to be archbishop of Canterbury, which went to the manipulative Theobald of Bec. Second, in June 1139, he arrested Roger, bishop of Salisbury and his nephews Alexander, bishop of Lincoln, and Nigel, bishop of Ely. These three, together with two of Roger's sons, had a tight control over much of the administration of England. It had come to Stephen's attention that all of them, under the leadership of Roger, were fortifying their castles in support of Robert of Gloucester. Stephen moved against them, arresting them on the grounds of threatening the peace. Henry of Winchester immediately denounced Stephen as infringing church authority, but Stephen's actions were subsequently upheld by the pope. In taking control of these bishops' castles Stephen had made a major military advance, but he had also made many enemies amongst their supporters. Third, after the battle of the Standard, Stephen gave the castle at Carlisle to the Scots. This enraged Ranulf, earl of Chester, since Carlisle and Cumbria had been part of the lands of his father, which had been forfeited following his father's insurrection against Henry I. Ranulf still regarded them as part of his heritage, and to have them given to the old enemy, the Scots, was more than he could bear. From then on Ranulf became an enemy of the king and though he allied himself to Robert of Gloucester's camp, it was more for his own personal revenge than for any support of Matilda.
In September 1139 Robert and Matilda made their move. Although Stephen had the ports barred, they arrived on the south coast and found refuge at Arundel which was under the control of Henry I's second wife, Adeliza, who had recently married William d'Albini, earl of Arundel. Stephen promptly marched on Arundel, but Robert had already left through minor and well-hidden by-ways to Bristol. Stephen pursued him without success, and it seems Robert may have been aided en route by Stephen's brother Henry. Certainly Bishop Henry successfully negotiated with Stephen to release Matilda under oath and he escorted her to Robert in Bristol. From the vantage point of history this seems a remarkably naïve action, though it emphasises Stephen's chivalric nature. Evidently Stephen believed there was little support for Matilda, and his main concern was Robert. Nevertheless, with Matilda by his side, Robert was able to draw upon her right of succession and held the equivalent of a separate court in the lands faithful to him, which were mostly the old heartland of Wessex in Wiltshire, Gloucestershire and Somerset. Soon William Fitzrichard, who held lands in Cornwall, sided with Matilda. This brought another of Henry's illegitimate sons, Reginald, earl of Cornwall and the full brother of Robert of Gloucester into the fray. Nevertheless, if Stephen had managed to contain the war within the south-west, he might have finished it quickly, and certainly his impressive energy gave him the upper hand during 1140. However his position was undermined when opposition broke out in East Anglia, focused on the support for the imprisoned Bishop Nigel of Ely. Trouble soon spread to Lincoln. Stephen had granted the Castle of Lincoln to William d'Albini, the husband of the dowager queen Adeliza. Ranulf of Chester believed he had a right to Lincoln and, although Stephen was prepared to accept this, and even granted the castle to Ranulf's half-brother William, Ranulf seemed less than satisfied. By Christmas 1140 the two brothers had seized Lincoln in their own name. The townsfolk rebelled and sent for Stephen's aid. Stephen laid siege to the town, although Ranulf had already escaped to gain the support of Robert of Gloucester. In this he was successful and Robert advanced with a large army upon Lincoln. Stephen was advised to retreat but he stubbornly refused. Victory here could well end the civil war. Moreover Stephen had promised help to the people of Lincoln and he was not about to let them down. Despite his smaller force, Stephen led his men into battle on 2 February 1141. It was the only major battle of the civil war and could have been decisive. Stephen fought bravely but he was outnumbered and his force was defeated.
Stephen was captured and imprisoned at Bristol. Although some remained loyal to Stephen they rapidly suffered as a consequence, and before long most turned their allegiance to Matilda, in the belief that Stephen would remain permanently imprisoned. Matilda and her forces gradually assumed control. They received the support of Bishop Henry in early March, and thereby had access to the royal coffers. She settled in London and began to rule as a queen, a title she occasionally used, though she more formally kept to her title of "empress" and sometimes as "Lady of the English". But she rapidly become unpopular and when she lost the support of Bishop Henry, the tide turned against her. Stephen's queen, also called Matilda, and her chief lieutenant, William of Ypres, remained forever faithful along with many of the people of Kent. The "Empress" was driven out of London and the planned coronation never took place. She took up residence in Oxford. However, in September Robert of Gloucester was captured during an incident at Wherwell. Now there was stalemate. Matilda was forced to accept an exchange of prisoners. Stephen was restored to the throne in November and enjoyed a second coronation on Christmas Day. The war was not won, but Stephen became more tenacious. England was divided, but Stephen retained the upper hand. In May 1142 Robert took a hazardous journey to Normandy to gain support from Matilda's husband, Geoffrey, but he was too busy trying to gain control of Normandy and refused assistance. Whilst Robert was absent Stephen pressed home his advantage and by December had Matilda under siege at Oxford Castle. She escaped at night and fled safely to Abingdon. It is worth noting that resident at Oxford at this time was Geoffrey of Monmouth who, just a few years earlier, had completed his History of the Kings of Britain. The book was dedicated to Robert of Gloucester.
The civil war would drag on for a further five years. Although Stephen continued to hold the advantage he could never rule in total confidence. A strong reminder of this came when the Empress's forces scored a notable victory over Stephen at Wilton. Stephen became less assured of his authority and frequently arrested people at a moment's notice on suspicion. Among these was the treacherous Geoffrey de Mandeville, constable of the Tower of London, who had been made earl of Essex. His support swung with the prevailing breeze and after his arrest his forces raised a rebellion in 1143, which Stephen was able to quash. For a while Robert and the "Empress" believed they might still have a chance, especially after Geoffrey of Anjou gained control of Normandy in January 1144, but to no avail. In 1145 Robert of Gloucester's son, Philip, transferred his allegiance to Stephen. Gradually Stephen wore down opposition, but in this process England was slowly being destroyed. In October 1147 Robert of Gloucester died, and a few months later Matilda left England. Her cause was taken up by her son Henry, the later HENRY II, but he did not have the resources to support a sustained war. Skirmishes continued throughout 1149, but nothing of any substance. The English civil war did not so much end as fizzle out. Stephen, though, was a shadow of his former self. The civil war had broken him. The strong, resolute, affable man of 1136, was now an ill, haunted, uncertain individual. His continued policies at home were thwarted by Theobald, archbishop of Canterbury, who refused Stephen's involvement in church affairs. Theobald found himself briefly exiled from England, but Stephen soon realised this worked against him. Stephen wanted to secure the succession for his son, EUSTACE, count of Boulogne, but he needed the approval of the archbishop to have him crowned. This Theobald refused to do. Although Stephen declared his son king of England in 1152, this was not acknowledged by the church. Stephen, now much saddened by the death of his wife in May 1152, became a broken man. In 1153 Henry of Anjou brought a force to England to establish his right to the throne. The engagements were all indecisive, not helped by Stephen's apparent lack of strength. Suddenly, in August 1153, Eustace died. Stephen's ambitions collapsed. He signed the Treaty of Wallingford with Henry in November 1153, acknowledging Henry as his heir and successor.
Stephen had less than a year to live. He spent most of these days in Kent, which had remained loyal to him, though he was in great pain from bleeding piles. He died of appendicitis at Dover in October 1154 and was buried alongside his wife and son at Faversham Abbey, which he had founded in 1147. Had Stephen's right to accession been unopposed there is no doubt that he would have ruled as a strong and popular king, but the civil war ruined the ambition and reputation of an otherwise capable, intelligent and brave king. between 22 December 1135 and 25 October 1154.^10,24,11

     Adélaïde (?) de Normandie, comtesse d'Aumale was born before 1030.^{9,1,10,11,12,2,13} She married Enguerrand II de Ponthieu comte de Ponthieu, Montruil et Aumale, son of Hugues II (?) comte de Ponthieu et de Montreuil, seigneur d'Abbeville, avoué de St-Riquier and Bertha (?) Dame d'Aumâle, before 1052
;
Her 1st husband.^{14,10,12,5,3,6,15,13,16} Adélaïde (?) de Normandie, comtesse d'Aumale married Lambert (?) de Boulogne-su-Mer, Cte de Lens (Artois), son of Eustache I «A l’oeil» (?) Comte de Boulogne and Mathilde/Matilda/Maud (?) de Louvain, between 1053 and 1054
;
Her 2nd husband.^{17,10,11,12,5,2,3,6,7,13,18,19} Adélaïde (?) de Normandie, comtesse d'Aumale married Eudes/Odo III de Champagne Comte de Troyes et d'Aumale, Cte de Champagne, Earl of Holderness, son of Etienne I (?) Comte de de Champagne, Troyes et Meaux and Adela/Adèle (?) d'Aumale, circa 1060.^{9,20,4,5,2,21,3,6,7,13,22,23}

Adélaïde (?) de Normandie, comtesse d'Aumale died between 1081 and 1084; Genealogy EU says d. 1081/84; Richardson says d. 1081/84; Genealogics says d. ca 1090; Med Lands says d. 1082/84.^{9,1,20,12,21,6,7,13}
     Reference: Genealogics cites: The Lineage and Ancestry of H.R.H. Prince Charles, Prince of Wales, Edinburgh, 1977, Paget, Gerald. I 169.⁶

; per Henry Project: [quote] Adelaide, m (1) Enguerrand II, count of Ponthieu, (2) Lambert, seigneur of Lens, (3) Eudes, count of Champagne.
Stapleton (1836), 350-1, quotes part of a charter mentioning count (consul) Enguerrand (son of Berta, daughter of Guerinfridus, who built the castle of Aumâle), his wife Addelidis, daughter of king William of England, countess Addelidis, daughter of Enguerrand and Addelidis aforesaid, and countess Judith (daughter of Addelidis the mother). Robert de Torigni, in his additions to GND, states in one place that Stephen, count of Aumâle, was son of count Eudes of Champagne and a nephew of William the elder through a sister ("... Stephanus, comes de Albamarla filius Odonis comitis de Campania, Willelmi autem regis Anglorum senioris ex sorore nepos ...") [GND viii, 3 (vol. 2, pp. 206-7)], and in another that Waltheof, earl of Huntingdon, had three daughters by his wife, a daughter of the countess of Aumâle, who had been a "uterine sister" of William ("Habuit enim idem Walleus tres filias ex uxore sua, filia comitisse de Albamarla, que comitissa fuit soror uterina Willelmi regis Anglorum senioris.") [GND viii, 37 (vol. 2, pp. 270-3)]. The Chronicle of Robert de Torigni states that Robert's daughter "Aeliz" (not strictly the same name as "Adelaide", but often confused with it, both then and now) was by a concubine other than Herleva ("... Robertus frater eius, qui genuit Willermum de Herleva non sponsata, qui postea Angliam conquisivit, et unam filiam nomine Aeliz de alia concubina.") [s.a. 1026, MGH SS 6, 478]. The name of Adelaide's second husband Lambert comes from two Scottish sources. The "Life of Waltheof" states that Waltheof's wife Judith was a niece of William the Conqueror, a daughter of count Lambert of Lens, and a sister of count Stephen of Aumâle [translation of relevant passage given in ESSH 2, 33], and the Chronicle of the Canons of Huntingdon also states that Judith was a daughter of count Lambert of Lens [ESSH 2, 28].
The above stated evidence combines to give a consistent picture for Adelaide's three marriages listed above. The evidence presents some minor problems, but they do not seem to be serious. Stapleton (1836) argued that count Eudes was married to the younger Adelaide, daughter of the present Adelaide by her first husband Enguerrand, but the evidence is consistent in making the younger Adelaide, Judith, and Stephen the children of Adelaide by three different husbands (although no single source gives all of this information). The most significant contradiction would appear to be Robert de Torigni's statement in one place that Adelaide was "soror uterina" to William, but, as pointed out Elisabeth van Houts, Robert uses the same adjective "uterine" in one other place to refer to duke Richard II of Normandy and his paternal half-brother count William of Eu [GND vii, (20) (vol. 2, pp. 128-8); van Houts (2002), 23, n. 22]. Thus, the evidence clearly suggests that William and Adelaide had different mothers. (Geoffrey White had left the matter of Adelaide's maternity open in his discussion of William's siblings in The Complete Peerage [White].) Another problem concerns Adelaides second marriage to count Lambert of Lens. Morton & Muntz (1972), 127, stating that the Life of Waltheof was the only source for the second marriage (but erroneously, as the Chronicle of the Canons of Huntingdon also mentions Lambert as Judith's father: see the previous paragraph), and noting that Lambert died less than a year after Enguerrand, suggested that no such marriage took place. However, Barlow (1999), xlv, pointed out that Enguerrand was excommunicated in 1049 for "incest" (evidently because Enguerrand's sister had been married to Adelaide's uncle), leaving open the possibility that Lambert had married Adelaide before 1053.
[Note: Adelaide and her daughter Judith were the subject of numerous discussions on the soc.genealogy.medieval/GEN-MEDIEVAL internet newsgroup/mailing list in March 2003, of which postings by Chris Phillips (pointing out the van Houts paper and the Tabularia website), Douglas Richardson (pointing out that the Life of Waltheof was not the only source naming Lambert as the father of Judith) and Nathaniel Taylor (pointing out the discussion in Carmen de Histingae Proelio) were particularly helpful.] [end quote]
Henry Project Bibliography:
Bibliography
** Adam of Bremen = Francis J. Tschan, trans., Adam of Bremen - History of the Archbishops of Hamburg-Bremen (New York, 1959).
** Barlow (1999) = The Carmen de Histingae Proelio of Guy bishop of Amiens (Oxford, 1999).
** Chr. Rob. Tor. = L. C. Bethemann, ed., Roberti de Monte Chronica (a continuation by Robert de Torigni of the chronicle of Sigebert de Gembloux), MGH SS 6, 476-535.
** CP = The Complete Peerage
** Douglas (1950) = David Douglas, "Some Problems of Early Norman Chronology", EHR 65 (1950), 289-303.
** Morton & Muntz (1972) = The Carmen de Histingae Proelio of Guy bishop of Amiens (Oxford, 1972).
** Rodulfus Glaber = Maurice Prou, ed., Raoul Glaber - les cinq livres de ses histoires (900-1044) (Paris, 1886).
** Stapleton (1836) = Thomas Stapleton, "Observations on the History of Adeliza, sister of William the Conqueror", Archaeologia 26 (1836), 349-357.
** van Houts (2002) = Elisabeth van Houts, "Les femmes dans l'histoire du duché de Normandie (Women in the history of ducal Normandy)", Tabularia «Études» nº 2, 2002, p. 19-34, 10 juillet 2002.
** White = Geoffrey H. White, "The Conqueror's brothers and sisters", in CP 12, Appendix K (pp. 30-4 in second pagination at end of volume).⁵

; Per Med Lands:
     "ADELAIS (-[1082/84]). Robert de Torigny names "Aeliz" as the daughter of Duke Robert II "de alia concubina" from Herleve[231]. She retained the title Comtesse d'Aumâle after her first marriage. The foundation charter of Saint-Martin d´Auchy names “Engueranni consulis qui filius fuit Berte supradicti Guerinfridi filie et Adelidis comitisse uxoris sue sororis…Willelmi Regis Anglorum”[232]. Her second marriage is deduced from the same charter of Saint-Martin d´Auchy which also names “Judita comitissa domine supradicte filia”[233]. Orderic Vitalis records that King William I granted "comitatum Hildernessæ" to "Odoni...Campaniensi nepoti Theobaldi comitis" who had married "sororem...regis filiam...Rodberti ducis"[234]. William I King of England donated various properties to the abbey of La Trinité de Caen, including "burgum de Hulmo" with the consent of "Adelisa amita mea…cujus hereditas erat sed et comitissa A. de Albamarla…in vita sua", by charter dated 1082[235].
     "m firstly ENGUERRAND [II] Comte de Montreuil, son of HUGUES de Ponthieu Comte de Montreuil & his wife Berthe d'Aumâle (-killed in battle Château d'Arques 25 Oct [1053]).
     "m secondly ([1053/54]) LAMBERT de Boulogne Comte de Lens, son of EUSTACHE [I] Comte de Boulogne & his wife Mathilde de Louvain (-killed in battle Phalampin 1054).
     "m thirdly ([1060]) EUDES III Comte de Troyes et d'Aumâle, son of ETIENNE I Comte de Troyes [Blois] & his wife Adela --- (-after 1118)."
Med Lands cites:

; Per Wikipédia (Fr.):
     "Adélaïde1 de Normandie (vers 1026, Calvados – vers 1090), demi-sœur de Guillaume le Conquérant, fut comtesse d'Aumale de son plein droit.
Biographie
     "Ses parents ne sont pas connus avec certitude. Elle est peut-être la fille de Robert le Magnifique, duc de Normandie et d’une maîtresse inconnue2,3, ou peut-être la fille du duc Robert et d'Arlette2, ou encore la fille d'Arlette et d'Herluin de Conteville4. Dans une interpolation au récit de Guillaume de Jumièges, Robert de Torigny mentionne qu'Adélaïde est une « sœur utérine » de Guillaume le Conquérant3. L'historienne britannique Elisabeth van Houts a depuis démontré que Robert de Torigny utilise aussi cette expression précise pour désigner les enfants issus d'un même père3. De plus, Robert de Torigny précise, dans un autre passage, qu'Adélaïde est une fille du duc Robert par une concubine qui n'est pas Arlette3.
     "Elle épouse en premières noces Enguerrand II, comte de Ponthieu et seigneur d'Aumale5. Ce dernier aide son beau-frère Guillaume d'Arques, révolté contre le duc de Normandie, et se fait tuer le 25 octobre 1053 lors de combats livrés à Saint-Aubin-sur-Scie. De ce premier mariage naissent deux filles.
     "Le duc Guillaume la remarie à Lambert de Boulogne6, comte de Lens, frère du comte Eustache II de Boulogne. Lambert meurt peu après, tué en 1054 dans un combat livré à Phalempin lors du siège de Lille (1054) par l'empereur Henri III contre Baudouin V, comte de Flandre7.
     "Quelques années plus tard, Eudes († après 1115-18), comte de Troyes et de Meaux, tue un baron champenois, et se réfugie à la cour de Normandie. Son oncle Thibaud III de Blois, qui était son suzerain, en profite pour s'emparer de ses comtés champenois. Guillaume lui fait épouser sa demi-sœur Adélaïde7. Il octroie à sa sœur la cité d'Aumale avec 10 chevaliers7. Dans les actes légaux qui nous sont parvenus, Adélaïde est citée pour la première fois en 1082 comme comtesse d'Aumale7. Son mari Eudes n'est jamais mentionné portant ce titre, mais simplement « comte » (sans précision) ou « comte de Champagne »7. Pour l'historien français Pierre Bauduin, Eudes n'est que le représentant de sa femme, qui est la seule à posséder les droits sur Aumale7.
Mariages et descendances
     "Elle épouse en premières noces Enguerrand II († 1053), comte de Ponthieu. Ils ont :
     "En secondes noces, elle épouse Lambert de Boulogne († 1054), comte de Lens, fils d'Eustache Ier de Boulogne. Ils ont une fille :
     "En troisièmes noces, entre 1065 et 1070, elle épouse Eudes III de Champagne († après 1115-18), comte de Troyes et de Meaux. Ils ont un fils :
Sources
** Pierre Bauduin, La Première Normandie (xe-xie siècles), Caen, Presses Universitaires de Caen, 2004, 474 p. [détail des éditions] (ISBN 2-84133-145-8)
Notes et références
1. Ou Adèle ou Aeliz.
2. David C. Douglas, William the Conqueror, University of California Press, 1964, p. 381.
3. Pierre Bauduin, La première Normandie (Xe-XIe siècles), Presses Universitaires de Caen, 2006 (2e édition) p. 306 (note).
4. David Bates, « Odo, earl of Kent (d. 1097) », Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004.
5. Bauduin, op. cit, p. 303.
6. Au contraire de son frère, qui avait soutenu Guillaume d'Arques, Lambert était resté fidèle à Baudouin V de Flandre, beau-père de Guillaume. Cette seconde alliance servit probablement à renforcer les liens entre la Normandie et la Flandre.
7. Bauduin, op. cit., p. 312-313."²⁴

; Per Wikipedia:
     "Adelaide of Normandy (or Adeliza) (c. 1030 – bef. 1090) was the sister of William the Conqueror and was Countess of Aumale in her own right.
Life
     "Born c. 1030,[1] Adelaide was an illegitimate daughter of the Norman duke Robert the Magnificent. Robert's likewise illegitimate son and successor, William the Conqueror, was Adelaide's brother or half-brother. at an unknown age
     "Adelaide's first marriage to Enguerrand II, Count of Ponthieu potentially gave William a powerful ally in upper Normandy.[2] But at the Council of Reims in 1049, when the marriage of William with Matilda of Flanders was prohibited based on consanguinity, so were those of Eustace II, Count of Boulogne and Enguerrand of Ponthieu, who was already married to Adelaide.[3] Adelaide's marriage was apparently annulled c.1049/50 and another marriage was arranged for her, this time to Lambert II, Count of Lens, younger son of Eustace I, Count of Boulogne forming a new marital alliance between Normandy and Boulogne.[4] Lambert was killed in 1054 at Lille, aiding Baldwin V, Count of Flanders against Emperor Henry III.[5] Now widowed, Adelaide resided at Aumale, probably part of her dower from her first husband, Enguerrand, or part of a settlement after the capture of Guy of Ponthieu, her brother-in-law.[b][4] As a dowager Adelaide began a semi-religious retirement and became involved with the church at Auchy presenting them with a number of gifts.[4] In 1060 she was called upon again to form another marital alliance, this time to a younger man Odo, Count of Champagne.[6] Odo seems to have been something of a disappointment as he appears on only one of the Conqueror's charters and received no land in England; his wife being a tenant-in-chief in her own right.[6]
     "In 1082, William and his wife, Matilda, gave to the abbey of the Holy Trinity in Caen the town of Le Homme in the Cotentin with a provision to the Countess of Albamarla (Aumale), his sister, for a life tenancy.[7] In 1086, as Comitissa de Albatnarla,[7] as she was listed in the Domesday Book, was shown as having numerous holdings in both Suffolk and Essex,[8] one of the very few Norman noblewomen to have held lands in England at Domesday as a tenant-in-chief.[9] She was also given the lordship of Holderness which was held after her death by her 3rd husband, Odo, the by then disinherited Count of Champagne; the lordship then passed to their son, Stephen.[7] Adelaide died before 1090.[10]
Family
     "Adelaide married three times; first to Enguerrand II, Count of Ponthieu (died 1053)[11] by whom she had issue:
     "She married secondly Lambert II, Count of Lens (died 1054),[10] they had a daughter:
     "Adelaide married thirdly in 1060 Odo, Count of Champagne (d. aft. 1096),[13] by whom she had a son:
References
1. George Andrews Moriarty, The Plantagenet Ancestry of King Edward III and Queen Philippa (Mormon Pioneer Genealogy Society, Salt Lake City, UT, 1985), p. 13
2. Kathleen Thompson, 'Being the Ducal Sister: The Role of Adelaide of Aumale', Normandy and its Neighbours 900–1250; Essays for David Bates, ed. David Crouch, Kathleen Thompson (Brepols Publishers, Belgium, 2011), pp. 69–70
3. Kathleen Thompson, 'Being the Ducal Sister: The Role of Adelaide of Aumale', Normandy and its Neighbours 900–1250; Essays for David Bates, ed. David Crouch, Kathleen Thompson (Brepols Publishers, Belgium, 2011), p. 68
4. Kathleen Thompson, 'Being the Ducal Sister: The Role of Adelaide of Aumale', Normandy and its Neighbours 900–1250; Essays for David Bates, ed. David Crouch, Kathleen Thompson (Brepols Publishers, Belgium, 2011), p. 71
5. John Carl Andressohn, The ancestry and life of Godfrey of Bouillon (Ayer Publishing, 1972) p. 20
6. Kathleen Thompson, 'Being the Ducal Sister: The Role of Adelaide of Aumale', Normandy and its Neighbours 900–1250; Essays for David Bates, ed. David Crouch, Kathleen Thompson (Brepols Publishers, Belgium, 2011), p. 72
7. George Edward Cokayne, The Complete Peerage of England Scotland Ireland Great Britain and the United Kingdom, Extant Extinct or Dormant, ed. Vicary Gibbs, Vol. I (The St. Catherine Press, Ltd., London, 1910), p. 351
8. Ann Williams, The English and the Norman Conquest (The Boydell Press, Woodbridge, UK, 1995), p. 58, n. 57
9. Kathleen Thompson, 'Being the Ducal Sister: The Role of Adelaide of Aumale', Normandy and its Neighbours 900–1250; Essays for David Bates, ed. David Crouch, Kathleen Thompson (Brepols Publishers, Belgium, 2011), p. 76
10. George Edward Cokayne, The Complete Peerage of England Scotland Ireland Great Britain and the United Kingdom, Extant Extinct or Dormant, ed. Vicary Gibbs, Vol. I (The St. Catherine Press, Ltd., London, 1910), p. 352
11. George Edward Cokayne, The Complete Peerage of England Scotland Ireland Great Britain and the United Kingdom, Extant Extinct or Dormant, ed. Vicary Gibbs, Vol. I (The St. Catherine Press, Ltd., London, 1910), pp. 350–2
12. N. J. Higham, The Kingdom of Northumbria, AD 350 – 1100 (Alan Sutton Publishing, Ltd. , 1993), p. 226
13. Detlev Schwennicke, Europäische Stammtafeln: Stammtafeln zur Geschichte der Europäischen Staaten, Neue Folge, Band II (Verlag von J. A. Stargardt, Marburg, Germany, 1984), Tafel 46
Notes
a. The question of who her mother was remains unsettled. Elisabeth Van Houts ['Les femmes dans l'histoire du duché de Normandie', Tabularia « Études », n° 2, 2002, (10 July 2002), p. 23, n. 22] makes the argument that Robert of Torigny in the GND II, p. 272 (one of three mentions in this volume of her being William's sister) calls her in this instance William's 'uterine' sister' (soror uterina) and is of the opinion this is a mistake similar to one he made regarding Richard II, Duke of Normandy and his paternal half-brother William, Count of Eu (calling them 'uterine' brothers). Based on this she concludes Adelaide was a daughter of Duke Robert by a different concubine. Kathleen Thompson ["Being the Ducal Sister: The Role of Adelaide of Aumale", Normandy and Its Neighbors, Brepols, (2011) p. 63] cites the same passage in GND as did Elisabeth Van Houts, specifically GND II, 270-2, but gives a different opinion. She noted that Robert de Torigni stated here she was the uterine sister of Duke William "so we might perhaps conclude that she shared both mother and father with the Conqueror." But as Torigni wrote a century after Adelaide's birth and in that same sentence in the GND made a genealogical error, she concludes that the identity of Adelaide's mother remains an open question.
b. Prior to it becoming a small county, Aumale was a town on the Bresle river in northeastern Normandy. It came into the family by way of Enguerrand's mother, the heiress of Aumale. It was settled on Adelaide of Normandy as a countship by her brother William the Conqueror, but at what exact time isn't known. Adelaide was the first countess followed by her son Stephen of Aumale as the second holder but first count. See Cokayne, The Complete Peerage, Vol. I, p. 350.
External links
Adelaide, Countess of Aumale at opendomesday.org: https://opendomesday.org/name/countess-of-aumale-adelaide/."²⁵ GAV-25 EDV-25 GKJ-25.²⁶

; Per Genealogy.EU: "D1. Cte Eudes III de Troyes et d'Aumale, Cte de Champagne, +after 1096; m.ca 1060 Adela of Normandy (+1081/84.)²⁷"

; Per Racines et Histoire (Troyes): "Eudes III de Blois (II de Troyes) + après 1096 (~1115/18 ?) comte de Troyes et de Champagne (1047), comte d’Aumale (par droit de sa femme), se fixe en Angleterre après la conquête normande : ses domaines champenois sont alors saisis par son oncle (témoin charte de son oncle Tethbert entre 06/12/1047 et 31/08/1055 à propos des droits détenus par les chanoines de Saint-Maurice d’Angers sur l’église de Joué)
     ép.~1060 Adèle de Normandie + 1081/84"
Per Racines et Histoire (Blois-Champagne): "Eudes III de Troyes + après 1096 comte de Troyes et de Champagne, dépossédé par son oncle Thibaud (1066), éxilé en Angleterre, devient comte d’Aumale (76) et earl of Holderness
     ép.~1060 Adèle (ou Adélaïde) de Normandie + 1081/84 (soeur du Conquérant.)^28,29"

; Per Genealogy.EU: "Adelaide, *ca 1030, +1081/84; 1m: before 1052 Enguerrand II de Ponthieu/de Montreuil (+1053); 2m: 1053/54 Lambert de Boulogne-sur-Mer, Cte de Lens (+1054); 3m: ca 1060 Eudes III de Troyes, Cte de Champagne (+after 1096.)¹⁰"

; Per Racines et Histoire: "Adélaïde de Normandie ° ~1030 + 1081/84
     ép. 1) avant 1052 Enguerrand II de Ponthieu comte de Ponthieu et de Montreuil + 1053
     ép. 2) 1053/54 Lambert de Boulogne comte de Lens + 1054 (postérité Valognes)
     ép. 3) ~1060 Eudes III de Troyes + après 1096 (1127 ?) comte de Troyes-Champagne et d’Aumale."¹³

; Per Racines et Histoire (Boulogne): "Lambert de Boulogne +X 1054 (Phalempin) comte de Lens (1047) (le comté de Lens à sa mort retourne à son frère aîné Eustache)
ép. 1053/54 Adelais (Aeliz) de Normandie, douairière d’Aumâle + ~1082/84 (fille illégitime du duc Robert II «Le Diable» ; veuve d’Enguerrand II, comte de Ponthieu, seigneur d’Aumale) ; ép. 3) 1060 Eudes III, comte de Troyes-Blois.)³⁰"

; Per Genealogy.EU: "A3. Lambert, Cte de Lens, +k.a.Phalampin 1054; m.1053/54 Adelaide of Normandy (*ca 1030, +1081/84.)³¹"

; from the Henry Project: "Adelaide, m (1) Enguerrand II, count of Ponthieu, (2) Lambert, seigneur of Lens, (3) Eudes, count of Champagne.
Stapleton (1836), 350-1, quotes part of a charter mentioning count (consul) Enguerrand (son of Berta, daughter of Guerinfridus, who built the castle of Aumâle), his wife Addelidis, daughter of king William of England, countess Addelidis, daughter of Enguerrand and Addelidis aforesaid, and countess Judith (daughter of Addelidis the mother). Robert de Torigny, in his additions to GND, states in one place that Stephen, count of Aumâle, was son of count Eudes of Champagne and a nephew of William the elder through a sister ("... Stephanus, comes de Albamarla filius Odonis comitis de Campania, Willelmi autem regis Anglorum senioris ex sorore nepos ...") [GND (Rob. Tor.), viii, 3 (vol. 2, pp. 206-7)], and in another that Waltheof, earl of Huntingdon, had three daughters by his wife, a daughter of the countess of Aumâle, who had been a "uterine sister" of William ("Habuit enim idem Walleus tres filias ex uxore sua, filia comitisse de Albamarla, que comitissa fuit soror uterina Willelmi regis Anglorum senioris.") [GND (Rob. Tor.) viii, 37 (vol. 2, pp. 270-3)]. The Chronicle of Robert de Torigny states that Robert's daughter "Aeliz" (not strictly the same name as "Adelaide", but often confused with it, both then and now) was by a concubine other than Herleva ("... Robertus frater eius, qui genuit Willermum de Herleva non sponsata, qui postea Angliam conquisivit, et unam filiam nomine Aeliz de alia concubina.") [s.a. 1026, MGH SS 6, 478]. The name of Adelaide's second husband Lambert comes from two Scottish sources. The "Life of Waltheof" states that Waltheof's wife Judith was a niece of William the Conqueror, a daughter of count Lambert of Lens, and a sister of count Stephen of Aumâle [translation of relevant passage given in ESSH 2: 33], and the Chronicle of the Canons of Huntingdon also states that Judith was a daughter of count Lambert of Lens [ESSH 2: 28].
The above stated evidence combines to give a consistent picture for Adelaide's three marriages listed above. The evidence presents some minor problems, but they do not seem to be serious. Stapleton (1836) argued that count Eudes was married to the younger Adelaide, daughter of the present Adelaide by her first husband Enguerrand, but the evidence is consistent in making the younger Adelaide, Judith, and Stephen the children of Adelaide by three different husbands (although no single source gives all of this information). The most significant contradiction would appear to be Robert de Torigny's statement in one place that Adelaide was "soror uterina" to William, but, as pointed out Elisabeth van Houts, Robert uses the same adjective "uterine" in one other place to refer to duke Richard II of Normandy and his paternal half-brother count William of Eu [GND (Rob. Tor.), vii, (20) (vol. 2, pp. 128-8); van Houts (2002), 23, n. 22]. Thus, the evidence clearly suggests that William and Adelaide had different mothers. (Geoffrey White had left the matter of Adelaide's maternity open in his discussion of William's siblings in The Complete Peerage [White].) Another problem concerns Adelaide's second marriage to count Lambert of Lens. Morton & Muntz (1972), 127, stating that the Life of Waltheof was the only source for the second marriage (but erroneously, as the Chronicle of the Canons of Huntingdon also mentions Lambert as Judith's father: see the previous paragraph), and noting that Lambert died less than a year after Enguerrand, suggested that no such marriage took place. However, Barlow (1999), xlv, pointed out that Enguerrand was excommunicated in 1049 for "incest" (evidently because Enguerrand's sister had been married to Adelaide's uncle), leaving open the possibility that Lambert had married Adelaide before 1053.
[Note: Adelaide and her daughter Judith were the subject of numerous discussions on the soc.genealogy.medieval/GEN-MEDIEVAL internet newsgroup/mailing list in March 2003, of which postings by Chris Phillips (pointing out the van Houts paper and the Tabularia website), Douglas Richardson (pointing out that the Life of Waltheof was not the only source naming Lambert as the father of Judith) and Nathaniel Taylor (pointing out the discussion in Carmen de Hastingae Proelio) were particularly helpful.]"³²

; Per Racines et Histoire (Ponthieu): "Enguerrand II de Ponthieu +X 25/10/1053 (château d’Arques) comte de Montreuil et de Ponthieu (1052), seigneur d’Aumale, comte d’Abbeville (confirme une donation de son père à SaintRiquier faite sur son lit de mort en 1052 : + après 20/11/1052)
ép. Adelais (Adèle, Aelis, Aeliz, Adelheid, Alice) de Normandie, comtesse d’Aumale ° ~1029 + ~1081/86 (fille naturelle de Robert II «Le Diable», duc de Normandie, et d’Arlette (Herleue) de Falaise ; ép. 2) 1053/54 Lambert de Boulogne, comte de Lens ; ép. 3) 1060 Eudes III, comte de Troyes (Blois-Champagne) qui succède comme comte d’Aumale en 1070)"
Per Racines et Histoire (Aumale): "Enguerrand II de Ponthieu ° ~1033 +x 25/10/1053 comte de Ponthieu, Montreuil et Aumale (1052)
ép. Adèle (Adelheid, Alice, Aelis) de Normandie ° ~1029 + ~1082/84 comtesse d’Aumale après la mort de son 1er mari (fille naturelle de Robert II «Le Diable», duc de Normandie, et d’Arlette (Herleue) de Falaise ; soeur de Guillaume «Le Conquérant» ; ép. 2) Lambert de Boulogne, comte de Lens ; ép. 3) Eudes III de Troyes : voir ci-contre.)^33,34" She was Comtesse d'Aumale between 1069 and 1090.²⁵

     Robert I "The Magnificent" (?) Duke of Normandy was born circa 999 at Normandy, France.¹
Robert I "The Magnificent" (?) Duke of Normandy died on 2 July 1035 at Nicea, Bithynia, Turkey (now); Henry Project cites: "GND vi, 12(13) (vol. 2, pp. 84-5): 1035 (with 2 July added to GND by Orderic); Ex Obituario Gemmeticensi, RHF 23, 420 (3 July); Ex Uticensis Monasterii Necrologio, RHF 23, 487 (1 July); Notæ Monasterii Montis Sancti Micaelis, RHF 23, 579 (2 July.)^1,2"
     GAV-25 EDV-25 GKJ-25.

; Per Henry Project:
     "Possible spouse or intended spouse (of Robert or his father Richard II): Estrid/Margaret, daughter of Svend I, king of Denmark.
     "Rodulfus Galber, 108, states that Robert was married to a sister (not named) of king Canute, and that he was father of William by a concubine. Adam of Bremen [Book 2, chapter liv(52), p. 92], who obtained some of his information from king Svend II (son of Estrid by her marriage to jarl Ulf), stated that before her marriage to Ulf, Svend's mother Margaret (called Estrid in other sources) was married to Richard (II) of Normandy, father of Robert, but then goes on to show confusion by saying that Margaret married Ulf after Richard set out for Jurusalem, where he died. (Richard did not set out for Jeruslaem, but Robert did.) Unfortunately, there are significant problems with the statement that Estrid married either Richard or Robert, discussed in detail by Douglas [Douglas (1950), 292-5]. Nevertheless, despite the problems, it is difficult to believe that there is nothing to these two similar, and apparently independent, accounts of two near contemporary writers. Given the difficulty of reconciling a marriage with the evidence, a possible betrothal of Estrid to either Robert or Richard II would seem like a reasonable alternative. [end quote]
Bibliography
** Adam of Bremen = Francis J. Tschan, trans., Adam of Bremen - History of the Archbishops of Hamburg-Bremen (New York, 1959).
** Douglas (1950) = David Douglas, "Some Problems of Early Norman Chronology", EHR 65 (1950), 289-303.”.²

; Per Fraser [1998:20]: "William was born at about the time that his father, Robert, became Duke of Normandy (1028). William's mother was Herleva, daughter of a wealthy citizen of Falaise. Not long after William was born she was given in marriage to one of Duke Robert's followers and by him she had two more sons: Robert, who became Count of Mortain, and Odo, who was made Bishop of Bayeux in 1049 when he was not yet twenty years old. William therefore was illegitimate and most contemporary writers refer to him as William the Bastard. But he was his father's only son and shortly before Duke Robert went on a pilgrimage to Jerusalem (1034), he persuaded the Norman barons to recognise William as his heir. On the way home Robert died in Asia Minor and so, in 1035, young William found himself Duke of Normandy."¹⁰

; Per Genealogy.EU (Normandy): “E2. [1m.] Robert II "The Devil" Duke of Normandy, *ca 999, +2.7.1035; m.before 1027 Harlette de Falaise”.¹¹ He and HerleveArlette (?) de Falaise were associated; Mistress.⁵
; Per Med Lands entry for Robert II Duke of Normandy gives his mistress as:
     "Mistress (2): HERLEVE [Arlette], daughter of FULBERT [de Falaise] & his wife Doda [Duwa] ---. Guillaume of Jumièges names “Herleva Fulberti cubicularii ducis filia” as the mother of “Willelmus...ex concubina Roberti ducis...natus“, and that after Duke Robert died “Herluinus...miles” married her by whom he had “duos filios Odonem et Robertum”[228]. Orderic Vitalis records that “Herluinus...de Contavilla” married “Herlevam Rodberti ducis concubinam”[229]. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines refers to the mother of Duke Guillaume as "filia…Herbertus pelliparius et uxor eius Doda sive Duwa", specifying that they were from Chaumont in the diocese of Liège but moved to Falaise, adding that others said they were from Huy, and refers to her marriage to "Herlewino de Vado comitis"[230]. She married ([after 1035]) Herluin de Conteville."
Med Lands cites: Robert I "The Magnificent" (?) Duke of Normandy was Duke of Normandy between 1027 and 1035.²

     HerleveArlette (?) de Falaise was born circa 1000 at Falaise, Calvados, Normandy, France.³ She married Herluin (?) Vicomte de Conteville, son of Jean de Conteville, after 1035
;
His 1st wife.^5,6,3,7,8
HerleveArlette (?) de Falaise died circa 1050; van de Pas email cites: Burke's Guide to the Royal Family, ES Freytag, ES Schwennicke.^9,3
HerleveArlette (?) de Falaise was buried circa 1050 at Abbey of Grestain, Fatouville-Grestain, Departement de l'Eure, Haute-Normandie, France; From Find A Grave:
     BIRTH     1003, Falaise, Departement du Calvados, Basse-Normandie, France
     DEATH     1050 (aged 46–47), Caen, Departement du Calvados, Basse-Normandie, France
     Herleva or Arlette was the mother of William the Conqueror. She was the teenage daughter of a local tanner from a little French town of Falaise, where they lived. Herleva's Legend is that it all started when Robert, the young Duke of Normandy saw Herleva washing in the river near his castle. He was unable to resist her and took her for his mistress. She later gave birth to his son, William in 1027 or 1028. Their love affair didn't last. While Robert went on a pilgrimage, Herleva married Herluin de Conteville in 1029. From this marriage she had two sons: Odo and Robert, who both became prominent during William's reign. They also had at least one daughter, who married William, lord of La Fert-Mac. William the Conqueror had a (half or full) sister, Adelaide, who may have been Herleva's daughter, but could possibly have been a daughter of Robert by some other mistress. Adelaide married first Enguerrand, count of Ponthieu, second Lambert of Lens, and third Odo, count of Champagne.
     Family Members
     Spouse
          Herluin de Conteville 1001–1066
     Children
          William the Conqueror 1028–1087
          Adelaide of Normandy 1030–1090
          Robert de Mortain 1031–1095
     Inscription: A translation from the French shown in the image:
     Children
          Robert de Mortain 1031–1095
     BURIAL     Abbey of Grestain, Fatouville-Grestain, Departement de l'Eure, Haute-Normandie, France
     Created by: Kat
     Added: 29 May 2012
     Find a Grave Memorial 90987094.¹⁰
      ; Per Genealogy.EU (Normandy): “E2. [1m.] Robert II "The Devil" Duke of Normandy, *ca 999, +2.7.1035; m.before 1027 Harlette de Falaise”.¹¹ She and Robert I "The Magnificent" (?) Duke of Normandy were associated; Mistress.¹²

Reference: Genealogics cites:

; Per Genealogics:
     “Herleve, also known as Herleva, Harlette, Arlette, Arletta and Arlotte, was born about the year 1000. She was the mother of William I of England. She had two further sons, Eudes of Bayeux and Robert, comte de Mortain, who became prominent in William's realm.
     “The background of Herleve and the circumstances of William's birth are shrouded in mystery. The written evidence dates from a generation or two later, and it is not entirely consistent. The most commonly accepted version says that she was the daughter of a tanner named Fulbert from the small Norman town of Falaise, where they lived. Translation being somewhat uncertain, Fulbert may instead have been a furrier, embalmer, apothecary, or a person who laid out corpses for burial. It is argued by some that Herleve's father was not any of these, but rather a member of the burgher class. The idea is supported by the fact that her brothers appear in a later document as attesters for an under-age William. Also, the count of Flanders later accepted Herleve as a proper guardian for his own daughter. Both facts would be nearly impossible if the father (and therefore the brothers) of Herleve was little more than a peasant.
     “According to one legend, still recounted by tour guides at Falaise, Herleve's relationship to Robert started when he, the young Duke of Normandy saw her from the roof of his castle tower. The walkway on the roof still looks down on the dyeing trenches cut into stone in the courtyard below, which can be seen to this day from the tower ramparts above. The traditional way of dyeing leather or garments was for individuals to trample barefoot on the garments which were awash in the dyeing liquid in these trenches. Herleve, legend goes, seeing the duke on his ramparts above, raised her skirts perhaps a bit more than necessary in order to attract his eye. The duke was immediately smitten and ordered her brought in (as was customary for any wench who caught the duke's eye) through the back door. Herleve refused, saying she would only enter the duke's castle on horseback through the front gate, and not as an ordinary commoner. The duke, filled with lust, could only agree. In a few days Herleve, dressed in the finest her father could provide, and sitting on a white horse, rode proudly through the front gate, her head held high. This gave Herleve a semi-official status as the duke's mistress. She later gave birth to his son William in 1028, and to a daughter Adela who may have been born in 1030.
     “Some sources maintain that Herleve married Herluin, vicomte de Conteville in 1031. According to these accounts, Robert always loved her, but the gap in their social status made marriage impossible, so to give her a good life he married her off to one of his favourite noblemen.
     “From her marriage to Herluin she had two sons: Eudes, who later became bishop of Bayeux and earl of Kent, and Robert, who became comte de Mortain and earl of Cornwall. Both had progeny, and became prominent during William's reign. Herleve and Herluin also had a daughter Emma who married Richard Le Goz, vicomte d'Avranches, and had progeny. It is unsure whether Herluin's unnamed daughter who married Guillaume, seigneur de la Ferté-Macé, was by Herleve or his second wife Fredesindis.
     “Some sources believe that Herleve died about 1050. According to the monk and chronicler Robert of Torigni (d.1186), she was buried at the abbey of Grestain, which was founded by Herluin and their son Robert around 1050. This would put Herleve in her mid forties around the time of her death. However, David C. Douglas, author of _William the Conqueror,_ suggests that Herleve probably died before Herluin founded the abbey because her name does not appear on the list of benefactors, whereas the name of Herluin's second wife Fredesendis does.”.³

; Per Fraser [1998:]: "William was born at about the time that his father, Robert, became Duke of Normandy (1028). William's mother was Herleva, daughter of a wealthy citizen of Falaise. Not long after William was born she was given in marriage to one of Duke Robert's followers and by him she had two more sons: Robert, who became Count of Mortain, and Odo, who was made Bishop of Bayeux in 1049 when he was not yet twenty years old. William therefore was illegitimate and most contemporary writers refer to him as William the Bastard. But he was his father's only son and shortly before Duke Robert went on a pilgrimage to Jerusalem (1034), he persuaded the Norman barons to recognise William as his heir. On the way home Robert died in Asia Minor and so, in 1035, young William found himself Duke of Normandy."¹

; This is the same person as:
”Herleva” at Wikipedia and as
”Arlette de Falaise” at Wikipédia (FR.)^13,14 GAV-25 EDV-26 GKJ-26.
; Per Med Lands entry for Robert II Duke of Normandy gives his mistress as:
     "Mistress (2): HERLEVE [Arlette], daughter of FULBERT [de Falaise] & his wife Doda [Duwa] ---. Guillaume of Jumièges names “Herleva Fulberti cubicularii ducis filia” as the mother of “Willelmus...ex concubina Roberti ducis...natus“, and that after Duke Robert died “Herluinus...miles” married her by whom he had “duos filios Odonem et Robertum”[228]. Orderic Vitalis records that “Herluinus...de Contavilla” married “Herlevam Rodberti ducis concubinam”[229]. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines refers to the mother of Duke Guillaume as "filia…Herbertus pelliparius et uxor eius Doda sive Duwa", specifying that they were from Chaumont in the diocese of Liège but moved to Falaise, adding that others said they were from Huy, and refers to her marriage to "Herlewino de Vado comitis"[230]. She married ([after 1035]) Herluin de Conteville."
Med Lands cites:

; Per Med Lands:
     "HERLUIN, son of --- (-[1066], bur Grestain). [Vicomte] de Conteville. Orderic Vitalis records that “Herluinus...de Contavilla” married “Herlevam Rodberti ducis concubinam”[17]. He founded the abbey of Grestain after 1050[18]. It is possible that either Herluin or his wife were related to an ancestor of Robert of Rhuddlan (see above): Orderic Vitalis names “Roberto de Rodelento nepos eius” among the followers of “Odo...palatinus Cantiæ consul”[19]. The relationship between the two families has not been traced.
     "m firstly ([after 1035]) HERLEVE, mistress of ROBERT II Duke of Normandy, daughter of FULBERT & his wife [Doda/Duwa] --- (-[1050]). Guillaume of Jumièges names “Herleva Fulberti cubicularii ducis filia” as the mother of “Willelmus...ex concubina Roberti ducis...natus“, and that after Duke Robert died “Herluinus...miles” married her by whom he had “duos filios Odonem et Robertum”[20]. The dating of her marriage is in doubt: William of Malmesbury records that it took place “ante patris [referring to Robert II Duke of Normandy] obitum”[21]. Orderic Vitalis records that “Herluinus...de Contavilla” married “Herlevam Rodberti ducis concubinam”[22]. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines refers to the mother of Duke Guillaume as "filia…Herbertus pelliparius et uxor eius Doda sive Duwa", specifying that the family was from Chaumont in the diocese of Liège but moved to Falaise although others said that they were from Huy, and specifies her marriage to "Herlewino de Vado comitis"[23]. Orderic Vitalis calls her "Duke Robert's concubine", and specifies her marriage, referring to her husband as stepfather to Duke Guillaume[24]. She presumably died before her husband founded the abbey of Grestain as she is not referred to in the abbey's confirmation charter dated 14 Nov 1189[25]. Robert of Torigny's De Immutatione Ordinis Monachorum records that "Herluinus de Contevilla…et Herleve uxor eius" were buried in "mon. Sanctæ Mariæ Gresteni"[26].
     "m secondly FREDESENDIS, daughter of ---. She is named as the wife of Herluin in the confirmation charter of the abbey of Grestain, dated 14 Nov 1189[27]."
Med Lands cites:

     Fulbert (?) de Falaise married Doda (?)^1,2,3
Fulbert (?) de Falaise was born circa 975.²
      ; Per Genealogics:
     “Fulbert of Falaise and his wife Doda were the parents of Herleve, mother of the illegitimate William the Conqueror, the 11th century duke of Normandy and king of England.
     “Fulbert has traditionally been held to be a tanner, but recent study of early sources questions this, proposing that his trade involved preparing corpses for burial and that he might even have been an embalmer. During the siege of Alençon (1051-2) William was taunted by his enemies for his grandfather's unworthy occupation. After the birth of William, Fulbert was appointed the Duke's chamberlain. Contemporary practice made the chamberlain one of the persons responsible for burials.
     “However, some argue that Fulbert was not a tanner or embalmer but rather a member of the burgher class. The idea is supported by the fact that Herleve's brothers appear in a later document as attesters for an under-age William. Also, the count of Flanders later accepted Herleve as a proper guardian for his own daughter. Both facts would be nearly impossible if their father was little more than a peasant.
     “It is not recorded when Fulbert was born or died.”.²

Reference: Genealogics cites:

; This is the same person as:
”Fulbert of Falaise” at Wikipedia and as
”Fulbert de Falaise” at Wikipédia (FR.)^4,5 GAV-26 EDV-27 GKJ-27.

; Per Med Lands entry for Robert II Duke of Normandy gives his mistress as:
     "Mistress (2): HERLEVE [Arlette], daughter of FULBERT [de Falaise] & his wife Doda [Duwa] ---. Guillaume of Jumièges names “Herleva Fulberti cubicularii ducis filia” as the mother of “Willelmus...ex concubina Roberti ducis...natus“, and that after Duke Robert died “Herluinus...miles” married her by whom he had “duos filios Odonem et Robertum”[228]. Orderic Vitalis records that “Herluinus...de Contavilla” married “Herlevam Rodberti ducis concubinam”[229]. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines refers to the mother of Duke Guillaume as "filia…Herbertus pelliparius et uxor eius Doda sive Duwa", specifying that they were from Chaumont in the diocese of Liège but moved to Falaise, adding that others said they were from Huy, and refers to her marriage to "Herlewino de Vado comitis"[230]. She married ([after 1035]) Herluin de Conteville."
Med Lands cites:

     Doda (?) married Fulbert (?) de Falaise.^1,2,3
Doda (?) was born in 980.¹
      ; Per Med Lands entry for Robert II Duke of Normandy gives his mistress as:
     "Mistress (2): HERLEVE [Arlette], daughter of FULBERT [de Falaise] & his wife Doda [Duwa] ---. Guillaume of Jumièges names “Herleva Fulberti cubicularii ducis filia” as the mother of “Willelmus...ex concubina Roberti ducis...natus“, and that after Duke Robert died “Herluinus...miles” married her by whom he had “duos filios Odonem et Robertum”[228]. Orderic Vitalis records that “Herluinus...de Contavilla” married “Herlevam Rodberti ducis concubinam”[229]. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines refers to the mother of Duke Guillaume as "filia…Herbertus pelliparius et uxor eius Doda sive Duwa", specifying that they were from Chaumont in the diocese of Liège but moved to Falaise, adding that others said they were from Huy, and refers to her marriage to "Herlewino de Vado comitis"[230]. She married ([after 1035]) Herluin de Conteville."
Med Lands cites:

Reference: Genealogics cites: The Plantagenet Ancestry, Baltimore, 1975 , Turton, Lt.Col. W. H. 8.³

. GAV26 EDV27 GKJ-27.

     Robert II "The Pious/le Pieux" (?) King of France was born on 27 March 972 at Orléans, Departement du Loiret, Centre, France;      per Stewart email: [quote] King Robert II's birthdate is not known - his earliest biographer, the monk Helgaud of Fleury, believed the king to be sixty years old at his death on 20 July 1031, suggesting that he was born within the twelve months leading up to 20 July 971. This is the most direct evidence from a well-placed source, but may have been an educated guess, perhaps one shared by the king with his entourage - if so, it was probably accurate enough, since Robert's mother lived until he was an adult & ought to have been able to recall when he was born.
     However, the exact meaning of 'sexagenarius' in this context has been interpreted differently: Ferdinand Lot opted for 972 as the year of Robert's birth, determining this from a concordance between his understanding of Helgaud (as meaning the king was still in his sixtieth year at the time of death, aged fifty-nine rather than literally sixty) and a plausible chronology of several subsequent events. However, Andrew Lewis thought that even this approximate reading of 'sexagenarius' was somehow too literal. Richer stated that Robert was in his nineteenth year at the time of his first divorce, but exactly when this took place depends on an uncertain order in the narrative and an alleged synchronicity with matters recounted in the previous chapter of Richar's history, occurring in the spring and early summer of 992. If Robert was then still aged 18, he would have been born after mid-973 but before the end of June 974, and therefore only fifty-seven or just turned fifty-eight rather than properly a sexagenarian when he died.

>> Children: Henry I, King of France (-1060)
>> Adela (-1079), m. Baldwin V of Flanders
>> Robert I, Duke of Burgundy (1011-1075)
>> Hedwig (Hawise) (->1063)
>> Constance, m. Manasses de Ramerupt, count of Dammartin
     The connection of Countess Constance of Dammartin to the royal family is purely speculative, and quite unconvincing to me. I'm sure this has been discussed before & will turn up in the SGM archive.
>> 1.1 Hedwig (Hawise) of France
>> ----------------------------------------
>> Death: aft 5 Jun 1063[4]
>>
>> "S. Rainaldi, comitis et uxoris ejus Advise" (trans: The mark of
>> Count Raynald and of his wife Advisa). [Peter Stewart,
>> cites _Recueil des chartes de l'abbaye de Cluny_[5]]

>> 5. Peter Stewart, "Adèle, dau. of Robert II," 25 June 2003,
>> GEN-MEDIEVAL-L@rootsweb.com, cites no. 92, diploma of Robert's
>> son King Henry I, in _Diplomata belgica ante annum millesimum
>> centesimum scripta_, edited by Maurits Gysseling & Anton Koch,
>> 2 vols, Bouwstoffen en Studiën voor de Geschiedenis en de
>> Lexicografie van het Nederlands 1.
     Has your note [5] been mislabelled through telescoping the family of Robert II? The reference in your post is to Advisa, while the citation relates to Adela.
     Peter Stewart [end quote].^{9,10,3,11,12,13,14} He married Rosella/Susanna (?) Princess of Ivrea, Dame de Montreuil, daughter of Berengarius II (?) Ct of Milan, Margrave of Ivrea, King of Italy and Willa III (?) d'Arles, Princess of Tuscany, on 1 April 988
;
His 1st wife; her 2nd husband.^{15,16,17,9,18,12,19,14,4,20} Robert II "The Pious/le Pieux" (?) King of France and Rosella/Susanna (?) Princess of Ivrea, Dame de Montreuil were divorced between 991 and 992; repudiated.^{21,16,17,18,19,14} Robert II "The Pious/le Pieux" (?) King of France married Bertha (?) des Deux-Bourgognes, daughter of Conrad I "The Peaceful" (?) King of Burgundy and Matilda (?) de France, Queen consort of Burgundy, between 996 and 997 at France
;
Her 2nd husband; his 2nd wife; Leo van de pas says m. 996.^{21,16,22,23,12,14,24,4} Robert II "The Pious/le Pieux" (?) King of France and Bertha (?) des Deux-Bourgognes were divorced circa 1001; Leo van de Pas says div. 1000; Med Lands says div. Sep 1001.^{21,25,16,23,24} Robert II "The Pious/le Pieux" (?) King of France married Constance (?) d'Arles, Queen of France, daughter of Guillaume II 'le Liberateur' de Taillefer (?) Cte d'Arles et Provence, Toulouse and Adelaide (Adela, Blanche) (?) d'Anjou, Countess of Toulouse, between September 1001 and 25 August 2003 at France
; his 3rd wife; per Ravilious email: "m. bef 25 Aug 1003". Ravilious cites: 3. W. Scott Jessee, "Robert the Burgundian and the Counts of Anjou, ca. 1025-1098," Washington, D.C.: Catholic University of America Press, 2000.^{26,21,2,12,14,27,4,28}
Robert II "The Pious/le Pieux" (?) King of France died on 20 July 1031 at Château de Melun, Melun, Departement de Seine-et-Marne, Île-de-France, France (now), at age 59.^{3,10,9,12,13,14,4}
Robert II "The Pious/le Pieux" (?) King of France was buried after 21 July 1031 at Basilique Saint-Denis, Saint-Denis, Departement de Seine-Saint-Denis, Île-de-France, France; From Find A Grave:
     ORIGINAL NAME     Robert Capet
     BIRTH     27 Mar 972, Orleans, Departement du Loiret, Centre, France
     DEATH     20 Jul 1031 (aged 59), Melun, Departement de Seine-et-Marne, Île-de-France, France
Frankish Monarch. Born the son of Adelaide of Aquitaine and King Hugh de Paris, founder of the Capetian dynasty. In 987 he was crowned Hugh's successor at Orléans, confirming the continuation of the house of Capet as the monarchs of France. In 988 he married Rosala of Italy, the marriage remained childless and ended in divorce in 992. A second marriage to Bertha of Burgundy was not sanctioned by Pope Gregory V on the grounds of consanguinity and Robert was excommunicated. With the election of a new pontiff in the year 1000, however, Pope Sylvester II annulled the childless marriage and rescinded his excommunication. He attempted to expand his holdings with the 1002 invasion of Burgundy after the Duke died without heir. By 1015, he finally succeeded in subduing the duchy. He earned the by-name “The Pious” by his devotion to the Roman Catholic Mass, conducting matins and vespers himself, and his harsh treatment of non-Catholics, such as advocating the forced conversions of local Jewry and reinstating the custom of burning those convicted of heresy. His final marriage, in 1003, to Constance d'Arles produced five children including the future Henri I of France and Robert I, Duke of Burgundy. He attempted to separate from Constance in 1008, but he abandoned the idea by the following year. She eventually organized two revolts against him, and her sons followed suit, and by 1026 they were in revolt against the king. He died in the field while attempting to suppress the rebellions of his own family. He was succeeded by his son, Henri. Bio by: Iola
     Family Members
     Parents
          Hugh Capet 938–996
          Adelaide of Aquitaine unknown–1004
     Spouses
          Rosele of Italy unknown–1003
          Constance d'Arles unknown–1032
          Bertha Of Burgundy
     Siblings
          Hedwig Of France unknown–1013
          Gisela Of France unknown–1002
     Children
          Advisa Capet 1003–1063
          Hugues de France 1007–1025
          Henri I 1008–1060
          Adela Capet 1009–1079
          Robert de Bourgogne 1011–1076
          Constance Capet De Dammartin 1014–1052
     BURIAL     Saint Denis Basilique, Saint-Denis, Departement de Seine-Saint-Denis, Île-de-France, France
     Maintained by: Find A Grave
     Added: 2 Apr 2001
     Find A Grave Memorial 21109.^3,10,29,14
      ; Per Genealogics:
     "Robert was the son of Hugues Capet, king of France, and Aelis. Immediately after his own coronation, Robert's father Hugues began to push for Robert's coronation. Hugues claimed reason was that he was planning an expedition against the Moorish armies harassing Borrel II of Barcelona, an invasion which never occurred, and that the stability of the country necessitated a co-king, should he die while on the expedition. Modern scholarship has largely imputed to Hugues the motive of establishing a dynasty against the claims of electoral power on the part of the aristocracy, but this is not the typical view of Hugues' contemporaries and even some modern scholars have been less sceptical of Hugues' plan to campaign in Spain. Robert was eventually crowned on 30 December 987. A measure of Hugues' success is that when he died in 996, Robert continued to reign without any succession dispute, though during his long reign actual royal power became dissipated into the hands of the great territorial magnates.
     "Robert had begun to take on active royal duties with his father in the early 990s. In 991 he helped his father prevent the French bishops from travelling to Mousson in the kingdom of Germany for a synod called by Pope John XV, with whom Hugues was then in disagreement.
     "As early as 989, having been rebuffed in his search for a Byzantine princess, Hugues Capet arranged for Robert to marry the recently-widowed daughter of Berengar II of Italy, Rozala/Susanna. It is almost certain that Rozala (meaning 'little Red') was a nickname, and that she was christened Susanna, the name by which she was known in and after both her marriages. Many years his senior, she was the widow of Arnulf II of Flanders, with whom she had children, the oldest of whom, Baudouin IV, was of age to assume the offices of count of Flanders. Robert divorced her within a year of his father's death. He tried instead to marry Bertha de Bourgogne, daughter of Conrad I, king of Burgundy, around the time after his father's death. She was widow of Eudes I, comte de Blois, but was also Robert's cousin. For reasons of consanguinity, Pope Gregory V refused to sanction the marriage, and Robert was excommunicated. After long negotiations with Gregory's successor Sylvester II, the marriage was annulled.
     "Finally in 1001 Robert entered into his last and longest marriage: to Constance de Provence, the daughter of Guillaume II 'le Liberateur', comte de Provence et Arles. She was an ambitious and scheming woman, who made life miserable for her husband by encouraging her sons to revolt against their father.
     "Robert, however, despite his marital problems, was a very devout Catholic, hence his sobriquet 'the Pious'. He was musically inclined, being a composer, chorister, and poet, and made his palace a place of religious seclusion where he conducted the matins and vespers in his royal robes. However, to contemporaries, Robert's 'piety' stemmed from his lack of toleration for heretics: he harshly punished them.
     "In that regard about 1018 the 'Manichaean' teachings appeared in Aquitaine; this sect rejected both baptism and the Cross, and apparently observed strict asceticism. Ten years later, ten of the canons of the Church of the Holy Cross at Orléans were accused of being 'Manichaeans' and of worshipping the devil. These canons, who included the confessor of Queen Constance, rejected the sacraments of the Church and denied the human birth of Christ together with the reality of his Passion and Resurrection. Brought to trial before King Robert 'the Pious', and an assembly of bishops, these heretics were consigned to the stake, but not before Queen Constance struck out the eye of her former confessor.
     "The kingdom Robert inherited was not large, and in an effort to increase his power he vigorously pursued his claim to any feudal lands which became vacant, which usually resulted in war with a counter-claimant. In 1003 his invasion of the duchy of Burgundy was thwarted and it would not be until 1016 that he was finally able to get the support of the Church and be recognised as duke of Burgundy. The pious Robert made few friends and many enemies, including his own sons: Hugues, Henri, and Robert. They turned against their father in a civil war over power and property. Hugues died in revolt in 1025. In a conflict with Henri and the younger Robert, King Robert's army was beaten and he retreated to Beaugency outside Paris, his capital. He died in the middle of the war with his sons on 20 July 1031 at Melun. He was interred in the basilica of Saint Denis in Paris. He was succeeded by his son Henri in both France and Burgundy. Despite attempting to kill Henri and being expelled from his court, Constance was interred with Robert when she died in 1032."¹² GAV-26 EDV-26 GKJ-27.

; This is the same person as:
”Robert II of France” at Wikipedia and as
”Robert II le Pieux” at Wikipédia (Fr.)


This is also the same person as ”” at The Henry Project.^13,30,4 Robert II "The Pious/le Pieux" (?) King of France was also known as Robert II 'le Pieux' (?) King of France.¹²

; Stone (2000) Chart 31-3: "He established control over Burgundy and ruled with firmness. He gave considerable support to the church and the Cluniacs."³¹

Reference: Genealogics cites:

1. The Hidden Tradition in Europe, The secret history of medieval Christian heresy, London, 1994, Stoyanov, Yuri. part biogr.
2. Genealogisches Handbuch des Adels, Fürstliche Häuser. 1961.
3. Europäische Stammtafeln, Band II, Frank Baron Freytag von Loringhoven, 1975, Isenburg, W. K. Prinz von. Page 13.
4. Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists who came to America bef.1700, 7th Edition, 1992, Weis, Frederick Lewis. 57,
5. The Plantagenet Ancestry, Baltimore, 1975 , Turton, Lt.Col. W. H.
6. Genealogie der Graven van Holland, Zaltbommel, 1969 , Dek, Dr. A. W. E. page 87.
7. Biogr. details drawn from Wikipedia.¹²

; Per Med Lands:
     "ROBERT de France, son of HUGUES Capet King of France & his wife Adelais [de Poitou] (Orléans ([27 Mar] 972-Château de Melun 20 Jul 1031, bur église de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis). The Genealogiæ Scriptoris Fusniacensis names "Robertum regem et filiam Hadevidem…comitissam Hainonensium" as the children of King Hugues[177]. He was invested as associate-king with his father 25 Dec 987, consecrated 1 Apr 988 at the cathedral of Sainte-Croix in Orléans[178]. He succeeded his father in 996 as ROBERT II "le Pieux"[179] King of France. He claimed the duchy of Burgundy on the death of his paternal uncle Duke Henri in 1002, but took 12 years to complete its conquest in the face of opposition from Otto-Guillaume Comte de Mâcon[180]. After the death of Emperor Heinrich II in 1024, King Robert supported the rebels (led by Frédéric II Duke of Upper Lotharingia) opposed to King Konrad II but he refused the crown of Italy which they offered it to him. Robert nevertheless sent troops to attack Metz, but was repulsed[181]. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines records the death in 1031 of "rex Francorum Robertus"[182]. Rodolfus Glaber records the death of King Robert at Melun in July and his place of burial[183]. The necrology of Chartres cathedral records the death "XII Kal Aug" of "Rotbertus rex"[184]. The necrology of the abbey of Saint-Denis records the death "XIII Kal Aug" of "Rotbertus…Francorum rex"[185].
     "m firstly (988, before 1 Apr, repudiated [991/92]) as her second husband, ROZALA [Suzanne] di Ivrea, widow of ARNOUL II “le Jeune” Count of Flanders, daughter of BERENGARIO II ex-King of Italy [Ivrea] & his wife Willa of Tuscany-Arles ([950/960]-13 Dec 1003 or 7 Feb 1004, bur Gent, church of the Abbey de Saint-Pierre du Mont-Blandin). Regino records that two of the daughters (unnamed) of ex-King Berengario were brought up in the imperial palace by the empress after being brought to Germany[186]. One of these two daughters was presumably Rozala, bearing in mind that the emperor arranged her marriage. The Genealogica Comitum Flandriæ Bertiniana names "filiam Berengeri regis Langobardorum, Ruzelam quæ et Susanna" as wife of Comte Arnoul[187]. The Annales Elnonenses Minores record the marriage [undated between 950 and 968] of "Arnulfus iunior" and "filiam Beregeri regis Susannam"[188]. Her marriage was presumably arranged by Emperor Otto to increase his influence in Flanders at a time when Lothaire IV King of the West Franks was asserting his own control over the county. According to Nicholas, Count Arnoul II married Rozala di Ivrea when he reached the age of majority in 976[189], but the source on which this is based has not been located. "Baldwinus marchysus cum matre sua Susanna" donated "villam Aflingehem…jacentem in pago Tornacinse" to Saint-Pierre de Gand, after the death of "Arnulfi marchysi", by charter dated 1 Apr 988, signed by "…Waldberto advocato, Theoderico comite, Arnulfo comite, Artoldo comite, Baldwino comite, item Arnulfo comite…"[190]. The Vita Sancti Bertulfi names "Rozala filia…Berengarii Regis Italiæ", specifying that "post mortem Arnulfi [Balduini filius] principis, Roberto Regi Francorum nupsit et Susanna dicta"[191]. Kerrebrouck, presumably basing his supposition on this passage from the Vita Sancti Bertulfi, says that she adopted the name Suzanne on her second marriage[192], but the sources quoted above show that she was referred to by this name earlier. Hugues "Capet" King of France arranged her second marriage to his son and heir, apparently as a reward for Flemish help when he seized power in 987[193]. She was given Montreuil-sur-Mer by the county of Flanders as her dowry on her second marriage. Richer records that King Robert repudiated his wife "Susannam…genere Italicam eo quod anus esset" but refused to allow her to retake her castle at Montreuil, whereupon she constructed another nearby[194]. She returned to Flanders after she was repudiated by her second husband, and became one of the principal advisers of her son Count Baldwin IV. France retained Montreuil-sur-Mer. "Susanna regina cum filio suo Baldwino" donated "alodem suum…Atingehem…et in Testereph" to Saint-Pierre de Gand, for the soul of "filie sue Mathildis", by charter dated 26 Jun 995[195]. "Susanna regina…cum filio suo Baldwino" donated "alodem suum…in pago Flandrensi…in Holtawa…in Fresnere…in Clemeskirca…in Jatbeka…in Sclefteta…" to Saint-Pierre de Gand by charter dated 1 Jun 1003[196]. The Annales Elnonenses Minores records the death in 1003 of "Susanna regina"[197]. The Memorial of "regina Susanna" records her death "VII Feb"[198].
     "m secondly ([late 996/early 997], divorced Sep 1001) BERTHE of Burgundy, widow of EUDES I Comte de Blois et de Chartres, daughter of CONRAD I “le Pacifique” King of Burgundy [Welf] & his wife Mathilde de France [Carolingian] ([964/965]-16 Jan after 1010). The Liber Modernorum Regum Francorum names "Berta filia Conradi regis Burgundiæ" as wife of "Odone comite Carnotensium"[199]. This origin is corroborated by Rodulfus Glauber who names "Odo natus ex filia Chuonradi regis Austrasiorum, Berta nomine"[200]. “Odo comes” restored “villam...Culturas” to Marmoutier, for the souls of “...domini Hugonis archiepiscopi, cujus ibi corpus...jacet”, by charter dated to [986], subscribed by “Berte comitissæ uxoris eius, majoris filii eius Teutboldi, filii eius Odonis adhuc in cunabulo”[201]. Richer records that King Robert married "Berta Odonis uxor"[202]. “Berta...regina cum filiis meis Tetbaldo...episcopo nec non Odoni comitis” donated tonlieu over boats at Blois to Marmoutier by undated charter[203]. Pope Gregory V called on King Robert to repudiate his wife in 998 on grounds of consanguinity. The request was repeated in 1001 by the court of Rome. Robert at first refused and the kingdom of France was excommunicated[204]. "Bertæ reginæ, Odonis comitis filii eius…" subscribed the charter dated 1004 under which "Gislebertus prepositus" recorded a donation[205]. The king, in reaction to the 1108 assassination of his favourite Hugues de Beauvais who had served Queen Berthe, visited Rome in 1008 in an unsuccessful attempt to divorce his third wife in order to take back Berthe[206]. "Odonis comitis, Ermengardis uxoris eius, Bertæ reginæ…" subscribed the charter dated after 1005 under which "comitem Odonem" donated property "in comitatu Dunensi…Boscus Medius" to "Sancti Petri"[207]. The necrology of Chartres cathedral records the death "XVII Kal Feb" of "Berta mater Odonis comitis"[208].
     "m thirdly (after Sep 1001 before 25 Aug 1003) CONSTANCE d'Arles, daughter of GUILLAUME II “le Libérateur” Comte d’Arles [Provence] et Marquis & his second wife Adelais [Blanche] d’Anjou ([987/89]-Château de Melun 22 or 25 Jul 1032, bur église de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis). The Historia Francorum names "Constantiam, filiam Guillelmi comitis Arelatensis, natam de Blanca sorore Gaufridi comitis Andegavensis" as wife of King Robert[209]. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines also names "Constantia filia fuit Blanche comitisse Arelatensis" as wife of "Robertus rex"[210]. The Chronicon Hugonis names "Constantiam" as wife of "Robertus", specifying that she was "cognatam Hugonis Autisiodorensis episcopi comitis Cabilonensis"[211]. This is presumably based on Rodulfus Glaber who states incorrectly that "Constantiam…filiam…prioris Willemi Aquitanie ducis" was wife of King Robert II, specifying that she was "cognatam" of Hugues Comte de Chalon Bishop of Auxerre[212]. The only relationship so far identified between the two is that Constance's maternal uncle, Geoffroy I Comte d'Anjou, was the second husband of the mother of Comte Hugues. Rodulfus Glauber dates her marriage to "about the year 1000"[213]. The king attempted to separate from Constance in 1008 in order to take back his second wife, according to Rodulfus Glaber through the influence of "Hugo dictus Beluacensis"[214], but he restored Constance's royal prerogatives end-1009[215]. She opposed her husband's proposal to crown their second son Henri as associate king in 1026, supporting the candidature of her third son Robert[216]. She organised two revolts against King Robert, and another against her son King Henri I after his accession in 1031[217]. Rodolfus Glaber records the death of Queen Constance in the same city as her husband [Melun] and in the same month [July] in the following year, as well as her place of burial[218]. The necrology of the abbey of Saint-Germain-des-Prés records the death "XI Kal Aug" of "regina Constancia"[219]. The necrology of Argenteuil Priory records the death "VIII Kal Aug" of "Constancia regina"[220].
     "King Robert & his third wife had [seven] children"
Med Lands cites:

[177] Genealogiæ Scriptoris Fusniacensis 2, MGH SS XIII, p. 252.
[178] Kerrebrouck (2000), p. 55.
[179] This nickname was applied to the king from the early years of his reign, see Kerrebrouck (2000), p. 59 footnote 2.
[180] Kerrebrouck (2000), p. 55.
[181] Poull (1994), pp. 21-2.
[182] Chronica Albrici Monachi Trium Fontium 1031, MGH SS XXIII, p. 783.
[183] Rodulfi Glabri, Historiarum III.36, p. 159.
[184] Obituaires de Sens Tome II, Eglise cathédrale de Chartres, Nécrologe du xi siècle, p. 16.
[185] Obituaires de Sens Tome I.1, Abbaye de Saint-Denis, p. 322.
[186] Reginonis Chronicon 965, MGH SS I, p. 627.
[187] Genealogica Comitum Flandriæ Bertiniana MGH SS IX, p. 306.
[188] Annales Elnonenses Minores [950-968], MGH SS V, p. 19.
[189] Nicholas, D. (1992) Medieval Flanders (Longman), p. 44.
[190] Liber traditionum sancti Petri Blandiniensis, 96, p. 92.
[191] Vita Sancti Bertulfi Abbatis Renticensis, RCGF 10, p. 365.
[192] Kerrebrouck (2000), p. 60 footnote 32.
[193] Nicholas (1992), p. 45.
[194] Guadet, J. (ed.) (1845) Richeri Historiarum (Paris) IV.LXXXVII, p. 270.
[195] Liber traditionum sancti Petri Blandiniensis, 102, p. 96.
[196] Liber traditionum sancti Petri Blandiniensis, 107, p. 101.
[197] Annales Elnonenses Minores 1003, MGH SS V, p. 19.
[198] MGH Poetæ Latini medii ævi, V.1, Die Ottonenzeit, Grabschriften, p. 299.
[199] Hugonis Floriacensis, Liber qui Modernorum Regum Francorum continet Actus 9, MGH SS IX, p. 387.
[200] Rodulfi Glabri, Historiarum III.9, MGH SS VII, p. 64.
[201] Métais, C. (ed.) (1889/91) Marmoutier Cartulaire Blésois (Blois) (“Marmoutier (Blésois)”), I, IV, p. 8.
[202] Richer IV, supplementary notes following CVII, p. 308.
[203] Marmoutier (Blésois), I, V, p. 10.
[204] Kerrebrouck (2000), p. 62 footnote 42.
[205] Lecesne, H. (ed.) (1874) Cartulaire de Marmoutier pour le Dunois III, p. 4.
[206] Szabolcs de Vajay 'Mathilde, Reine de France inconnue', Journal des Savants (Oct-Dec 1971), pp. 241-60, 242 footnote 8.
[207] Guérard, M. (ed.) (1840) Cartulaire de l'abbaye de Saint-Père de Chartres (Paris) ("Chartres Saint-Père"), I, Liber Quintus, Cap. V, p. 96.
[208] Obituaires de Sens Tome II, Eglise cathédrale de Chartres, Nécrologe du xi siècle, p. 5.
[209] Hugonis Floriacensis, Liber qui Modernorum Regum Francorum continet Actus 9, MGH SS IX, p. 385, additional manuscript quoted in footnote ***.
[210] Chronica Albrici Monachi Trium Fontium 1013, MGH SS XXIII, p. 780.
[211] Chronicon Hugonis, monachi Virdunensis et divionensis abbatis Flaviniacensis I 996, MGH SS VIII, p. 368.
[212] Rodulfi Glabri, Historiarum III.7, p. 107.
[213] Rodulfi Glabri, Historiarum III.40, p. 165.
[214] Rodulfi Glabri, Historiarum III.7, p. 107.
[215] Kerrebrouck (2000), p. 57.
[216] Rodulfi Glabri, Historiarum III.34, p. 157.
[217] Kerrebrouck (2000), pp. 56 and 57.
[218] Rodulfi Glabri, Historiarum III.36, p. 159.
[219] Obituaires de Sens Tome I.1, Abbaye de Saint-Germain-des-Prés, p. 267.
[220] Obituaires de Sens Tome I.1, Prieuré d'Argenteuil, p. 348.¹⁴

; Per Genealogy.EU (Capet 4): “B1. King ROBERT II "le Pieux" ("the Saint") of France (996-1031) cr 987, *Orleans 27.3.972, +Melun 20.7.1031, bur St.Denis; 1m: 988 (div 992) Rozela=Susana of Ivrea (*ca 950 +1003, bur Ghent); 2m: 997 (div 1003/5) Berthe des Deux-Bourgognes (+after 1017) dau.of King Rudolf III of Burgundy; 3m: 1003 Constance d'Arles (*ca 986, +25.7.1032)”.³²

; Per Med Lands:
     "CONSTANCE ([987/89]-Château de Melun 22 or 25 Jul 1032, bur église de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis). The Historia Francorum names "Constantiam, filiam Guillelmi comitis Arelatensis, natam de Blanca sorore Gaufridi comitis Andegavensis" as wife of King Robert[248]. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines also names "Constantia filia fuit Blanche comitisse Arelatensis" as wife of "Robertus rex"[249]. The Chronicon Hugonis names "Constantiam" as wife of "Robertus", specifying that she was "cognatam Hugonis Autisiodorensis episcopi comitis Cabilonensis"[250]. This is presumably based on Rodulfus Glaber who states incorrectly that "Constantiam…filiam…prioris Willemi Aquitanie ducis" was wife of King Robert II, specifying that she was "cognatam" of Hugues Comte de Chalon Bishop of Auxerre[251]. The only relationship so far identified between the two is that Constance's maternal uncle, Geoffroy I Comte d'Anjou, was the second husband of the mother of Comte Hugues. Rodulfus Glauber dates her marriage to "about the year 1000"[252]. The king attempted to separate from Constance in 1008 in order to take back his second wife, according to Rodulfus Glaber through the influence of "Hugo dictus Beluacensis"[253], but he restored Constance's royal prerogatives end 1009[254]. She opposed her husband's proposal to crown their second son Henri as associate king in 1026, supporting the candidature of her third son Robert[255]. She organised two revolts against King Robert and another against her son King Henri I after his accession[256]. Rodolfus Glaber records the death of Queen Constance in the same city as her husband [Melun] and in the same month [Jul] in the following year, and her place of burial[257]. The necrology of the abbey of Saint-Germain-des-Prés records the death "XI Kal Aug" of "regina Constancia"[258]. The necrology of Argenteuil Priory records the death "VIII Kal Aug" of "Constancia regina"[259].
     "m ([Sep 1001/25 Aug 1003]) as his third wife, ROBERT II King of France, son of HUGUES Capet King of France & his wife Adelais [de Poitou] (Orléans ([27 Mar] 972-Château de Melun 20 Jul 1031, bur église de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis)."
Med Lands cites:

[248] Hugonis Floriacensis, Liber qui Modernorum Regum Francorum continet Actus 9, MGH SS IX, p. 385, additional manuscript quoted in footnote ***.
[249] Chronica Albrici Monachi Trium Fontium 1013, MGH SS XXIII, p. 780.
[250] Chronicon Hugonis, monachi Virdunensis et divionensis abbatis Flaviniacensis I 996, MGH SS VIII, p. 368.
[251] Rodulfi Glabri, Historiarum III.7, p. 107.
[252] Rodulfi Glabri, Historiarum III.40, p. 165.
[253] Rodulfi Glabri, Historiarum III.7, p. 107.
[254] Kerrebrouck (2000), p. 57.
[255] Rodulfi Glabri, Historiarum III.34, p. 157.
[256] Kerrebrouck (2000), pp. 56 and 57.
[257] Rodulfi Glabri, Historiarum III.36, p. 159.
[258] Obituaires de Sens Tome I.1, Abbaye de Saint-Germain-des-Prés, p. 267.
[259] Obituaires de Sens Tome I.1, Prieuré d'Argenteuil, p. 348.²⁷

; Per Med Lands:
     "BERTHE de Bourgogne ([964/965]-16 Jan after 1010). The Liber Modernorum Regum Francorum names "Berta filia Conradi regis Burgundiæ" as wife of "Odone comite Carnotensium"[184]. “Odo comes” restored “villam...Culturas” to Marmoutier, for the souls of “...domini Hugonis archiepiscopi, cujus ibi corpus...jacet”, by charter dated to [986], subscribed by “Berte comitissæ uxoris eius, majoris filii eius Teutboldi, filii eius Odonis adhuc in cunabulo”[185]. Richer records that King Robert married "Berta Odonis uxor"[186]. Rodulfus Glauber names "Odo natus ex filia Chuonradi regis Austrasiorum, Berta nomine"[187]. "Hugonis ducis, Odonis comitis, Hugonis sanctæ Bituricensis archipræsulis, Letgardis comitissæ, Bertæ comitissæ, Gauzfridi vicecomitis…" subscribed the charter dated 985 under which "Robertus" donated property to "Sancti Petri Carnotensis", on the advice of "Odonem, simul cum sua matre Ledgarde, pariterque dominam meam Bertam, ipsius æque coniugem"[188]. “Berta...regina cum filiis meis Tetbaldo...episcopo nec non Odoni comitis” donated tonlieu over boats at Blois to Marmoutier by undated charter[189]. Pope Gregory V called on King Robert to repudiate his wife in 998 on grounds of consanguinity. The request was repeated in 1001 by the court of Rome, Robert at first refused and the kingdom of France was excommunicated[190]. "Bertæ reginæ, Odonis comitis filii eius…" subscribed the charter dated 1004 under which "Gislebertus prepositus" recorded a donation[191]. The king, in reaction to the 1108 assassination of his favourite Hugues de Beauvais who had served Queen Berthe, visited Rome in 1008 in an unsuccessful attempt to divorce his third wife in order to take back Berthe[192]. "Odonis comitis, Ermengardis uxoris eius, Bertæ reginæ…" subscribed the charter dated after 1005 under which "comitem Odonem" donated property "in comitatu Dunensi…Boscus Medius" to "Sancti Petri"[193]. The necrology of Chartres cathedral records the death "XVII Kal Feb" of "Berta mater Odonis comitis"[194].
     "m firstly ([978/80]) EUDES I Comte de Blois, son of THIBAUT I "le Tricheur" Comte de Blois & his wife Luitgardis de Vermandois (-995).
     "m secondly ([late 996/early 997], divorced Sep 1001) as his second wife, ROBERT II King of France, son of HUGUES Capet King of France & his wife Adelais d’Aquitaine (Orléans ([27 Mar] 972-Château de Melun 20 Jul 1031, bur église de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis)."
Med Lands cites:

[184] Hugonis Floriacensis, Liber qui Modernorum Regum Francorum continet Actus 9, MGH SS IX, p. 387.
[185] Marmoutier (Blésois), I, IV, p. 8.
[186] Richer, IV, supplementary notes following CVII, p. 308.
[187] Rodulfi Glabri, Historiarum III.9, MGH SS VII, p. 64.
[188] Chartres Saint-Père, Tome I, Liber Tertius, Cap. XVIII, p. 77.
[189] Marmoutier (Blésois), I, V, p. 10.
[190] Kerrebrouck (2000), p. 62 footnote 42.
[191] Marmoutier-Dunois III, p. 4.
[192] Szabolcs de Vajay 'Mathilde, Reine de France inconnue' (Oct-Dec 1971), pp. 241-60, 242 footnote 8.
[193] Chartres Saint-Père I, Liber Quintus, Cap. V, p. 96.
[194] Obituaires de Sens Tome II, Eglise cathédrale de Chartres, Nécrologe du xi siècle, p. 5.²⁴

; Per Genealogy.EU (Welf 1): “F5. [2m.] Berthe, +after 1016; 1m: Cte Eudes I de Blois (+995/6); 2m: 997 (div ca 1005) King Robert II of France (*27.3.972 +20.7.1031)”.³³
; Genealogy.EU says illegitimate son of Robert II. However The Henry Project says: "A son named Raoul (Radulf or Rudolf) is attributed by some secondary sources to Robert and an anonymous concubine. The existence of this man is highly improbable. Aubry de Troisfontaines stated under the year 1060 that he was archbishop of Bourges: sub eo [Pope Nicholas II] autem floruit archiepiscopatus Radulfus Bituricensis, vir sanctus, frater regis Francie Henrici. Qui papa exemit episcopum Podiensem, dicto archiepiscopo contradicente et ad iudicium divinum appellante, Aubry 792, followed by Brandenburg 82 (generation XI #246d) placing him as archbishop ca. 1069]. However, this see was held by Aimon of Bourbon from 1031 to 1071, and his successors from then until 1120 were named Richard, Audebert and Leger respectively (see Gams 523). Aubry’s account was apparently muddled with the intrusion of Étienne de Polignac as bishop of Le Puy – for which he was excommunicated by Pope Gregory VII in 1075 and 1076 (see Gams 538 and 604), not by Nicholas II – and also perhaps with Aimon of Bourbon’s predecessor Gauzlin, archbishop of Bourges from 1014 until his death in 1029, who on very flimsy evidence is held by some historians to have been an illegitimate son of Hugues Capet."^3,4 He was King of France; per Ravilious email: "crowned as King joint with his father, Christmas 987[1]"
Ravilious cites: 1. Pierre Riche (trans. by Michael I. Allen), "The Carolingians," Philadelphia: Univ. of Pennsylvania Press, 1993. between 25 December 987 and 1031.^3,9

; Per Enc. of World History: "ROBERT II (the Pious), an active, well-educated, polished, amiable ruler, a good soldier, supported by the duke of Normandy in constant wars against his neighbors, and by the monasteries of Burgundy in attacks on the dukes of Burgundy. The duchy of Burgundy escheated to the crown and was given to Robert, a younger son. Robert the Pious, like his father, supported the Cluniac reformers. Minor territorial additions signify the revival of royal power."³⁴

     Constance (?) d'Arles, Queen of France was born circa 986 at Arles, Departement des Bouches-du-Rhône, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France (now); Genealogics says b. ca 986; Med Lands says b. 987/989; The Henry Project says b. ca 985x990.^1,10,3,4,2 She married Robert II "The Pious/le Pieux" (?) King of France, son of Hugues Capet (?) Cte de Paris, Duc de France, King of France and Adélaïde/Aelis (?), between September 1001 and 25 August 2003 at France
; his 3rd wife; per Ravilious email: "m. bef 25 Aug 1003". Ravilious cites: 3. W. Scott Jessee, "Robert the Burgundian and the Counts of Anjou, ca. 1025-1098," Washington, D.C.: Catholic University of America Press, 2000.^{11,5,12,13,14,4,15,2}
Constance (?) d'Arles, Queen of France died on 25 July 1032 at Château de Melun, Melun, Departement de Seine-et-Marne, Île-de-France, France; Ravilious cites: Christian Settipani, "Trente-Deux Quartiers Ahnenreihe for Eleanor of Aquitaine," 6 Sept 1998, GEN-MEDIEVAL-L@rootsweb.com, rootsweb.com (rsponse to D.Spencer Hines, same subject, 2 Sept 1998.
The Henry Project says d. 22 July 1034.^{16,5,1,10,17,3,4,2}
Constance (?) d'Arles, Queen of France was buried after 25 July 1032 at Basilique Saint-Denis, Saint-Denis, Departement de Seine-Saint-Denis, Île-de-France, France; From Find A Grave:
     BIRTH     27 Mar, Arles, Departement des Bouches-du-Rhône, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France
     DEATH     28 Jul 1032, Melun, Departement de Seine-et-Marne, Île-de-France, France
     French Royalty. Born the daughter of Guillaume III Taillefer, Comte de Provence and Adelaide d'Anjou about 973. About 1001 she became the third wife of Robert II of France. His previous wife, Bertha of Burgundy was cousin to Pope Gregory V who would not sanction the marriage to Constance and Robert was excommunicated. After extended negotiations, however, with a new Pope, Silvester II, the marriage to Bertha was finally annulled. The Burgundians remained Constance's political opponants and her marriage contentious. At her urging, their eldest son, Hugues, was crowned co-king to his father in 1017. Hugues' open rebellion in 1025 failed and he fled, dying the following year a fugitive. She encourage further revolt from her sons, and by 1029 the king was at was with his sons Henri and Robert. The king died in the field in 1031 at Melun, France, and Henri succeeded him as Henri I though Constance favored Robert for the throne. She retired from court upon Henri's accension and formed a powerful insurgency against him, seizing her dower lands and driving Henri into Normandy, where he allied there with the Duke. He returned to besiege his mother at at her hold in Poissy, and although she escaped, she eventually surendered to Henri. She died soon after at about age 60, and was buried beside her husband. She has occasionally been referred to as Constance de Taillefer or Constance de Provence. Bio by: Iola
     Family Members
     Parents
      William I Taillefer 950–993
      Adelaide d'Anjou 940–1026
     Spouse
      Robert II 972–1031
     Children
      Advisa Capet 1003–1063
      Hugues de France 1007–1025
      Henri I 1008–1060
      Adela Capet 1009–1079
      Robert de Bourgogne 1011–1076
      Constance Capet De Dammartin 1014–1052
     BURIAL     Saint Denis Basilique, Saint-Denis, Departement de Seine-Saint-Denis, Île-de-France, France
     Maintained by: Find A Grave
     Added: 2 Apr 2001
     Find A Grave Memorial 21064.^1,18
     ; Per Med Lands:
     "ROBERT de France, son of HUGUES Capet King of France & his wife Adelais [de Poitou] (Orléans ([27 Mar] 972-Château de Melun 20 Jul 1031, bur église de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis). The Genealogiæ Scriptoris Fusniacensis names "Robertum regem et filiam Hadevidem…comitissam Hainonensium" as the children of King Hugues[177]. He was invested as associate-king with his father 25 Dec 987, consecrated 1 Apr 988 at the cathedral of Sainte-Croix in Orléans[178]. He succeeded his father in 996 as ROBERT II "le Pieux"[179] King of France. He claimed the duchy of Burgundy on the death of his paternal uncle Duke Henri in 1002, but took 12 years to complete its conquest in the face of opposition from Otto-Guillaume Comte de Mâcon[180]. After the death of Emperor Heinrich II in 1024, King Robert supported the rebels (led by Frédéric II Duke of Upper Lotharingia) opposed to King Konrad II but he refused the crown of Italy which they offered it to him. Robert nevertheless sent troops to attack Metz, but was repulsed[181]. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines records the death in 1031 of "rex Francorum Robertus"[182]. Rodolfus Glaber records the death of King Robert at Melun in July and his place of burial[183]. The necrology of Chartres cathedral records the death "XII Kal Aug" of "Rotbertus rex"[184]. The necrology of the abbey of Saint-Denis records the death "XIII Kal Aug" of "Rotbertus…Francorum rex"[185].
     "m firstly (988, before 1 Apr, repudiated [991/92]) as her second husband, ROZALA [Suzanne] di Ivrea, widow of ARNOUL II “le Jeune” Count of Flanders, daughter of BERENGARIO II ex-King of Italy [Ivrea] & his wife Willa of Tuscany-Arles ([950/960]-13 Dec 1003 or 7 Feb 1004, bur Gent, church of the Abbey de Saint-Pierre du Mont-Blandin). Regino records that two of the daughters (unnamed) of ex-King Berengario were brought up in the imperial palace by the empress after being brought to Germany[186]. One of these two daughters was presumably Rozala, bearing in mind that the emperor arranged her marriage. The Genealogica Comitum Flandriæ Bertiniana names "filiam Berengeri regis Langobardorum, Ruzelam quæ et Susanna" as wife of Comte Arnoul[187]. The Annales Elnonenses Minores record the marriage [undated between 950 and 968] of "Arnulfus iunior" and "filiam Beregeri regis Susannam"[188]. Her marriage was presumably arranged by Emperor Otto to increase his influence in Flanders at a time when Lothaire IV King of the West Franks was asserting his own control over the county. According to Nicholas, Count Arnoul II married Rozala di Ivrea when he reached the age of majority in 976[189], but the source on which this is based has not been located. "Baldwinus marchysus cum matre sua Susanna" donated "villam Aflingehem…jacentem in pago Tornacinse" to Saint-Pierre de Gand, after the death of "Arnulfi marchysi", by charter dated 1 Apr 988, signed by "…Waldberto advocato, Theoderico comite, Arnulfo comite, Artoldo comite, Baldwino comite, item Arnulfo comite…"[190]. The Vita Sancti Bertulfi names "Rozala filia…Berengarii Regis Italiæ", specifying that "post mortem Arnulfi [Balduini filius] principis, Roberto Regi Francorum nupsit et Susanna dicta"[191]. Kerrebrouck, presumably basing his supposition on this passage from the Vita Sancti Bertulfi, says that she adopted the name Suzanne on her second marriage[192], but the sources quoted above show that she was referred to by this name earlier. Hugues "Capet" King of France arranged her second marriage to his son and heir, apparently as a reward for Flemish help when he seized power in 987[193]. She was given Montreuil-sur-Mer by the county of Flanders as her dowry on her second marriage. Richer records that King Robert repudiated his wife "Susannam…genere Italicam eo quod anus esset" but refused to allow her to retake her castle at Montreuil, whereupon she constructed another nearby[194]. She returned to Flanders after she was repudiated by her second husband, and became one of the principal advisers of her son Count Baldwin IV. France retained Montreuil-sur-Mer. "Susanna regina cum filio suo Baldwino" donated "alodem suum…Atingehem…et in Testereph" to Saint-Pierre de Gand, for the soul of "filie sue Mathildis", by charter dated 26 Jun 995[195]. "Susanna regina…cum filio suo Baldwino" donated "alodem suum…in pago Flandrensi…in Holtawa…in Fresnere…in Clemeskirca…in Jatbeka…in Sclefteta…" to Saint-Pierre de Gand by charter dated 1 Jun 1003[196]. The Annales Elnonenses Minores records the death in 1003 of "Susanna regina"[197]. The Memorial of "regina Susanna" records her death "VII Feb"[198].
     "m secondly ([late 996/early 997], divorced Sep 1001) BERTHE of Burgundy, widow of EUDES I Comte de Blois et de Chartres, daughter of CONRAD I “le Pacifique” King of Burgundy [Welf] & his wife Mathilde de France [Carolingian] ([964/965]-16 Jan after 1010). The Liber Modernorum Regum Francorum names "Berta filia Conradi regis Burgundiæ" as wife of "Odone comite Carnotensium"[199]. This origin is corroborated by Rodulfus Glauber who names "Odo natus ex filia Chuonradi regis Austrasiorum, Berta nomine"[200]. “Odo comes” restored “villam...Culturas” to Marmoutier, for the souls of “...domini Hugonis archiepiscopi, cujus ibi corpus...jacet”, by charter dated to [986], subscribed by “Berte comitissæ uxoris eius, majoris filii eius Teutboldi, filii eius Odonis adhuc in cunabulo”[201]. Richer records that King Robert married "Berta Odonis uxor"[202]. “Berta...regina cum filiis meis Tetbaldo...episcopo nec non Odoni comitis” donated tonlieu over boats at Blois to Marmoutier by undated charter[203]. Pope Gregory V called on King Robert to repudiate his wife in 998 on grounds of consanguinity. The request was repeated in 1001 by the court of Rome. Robert at first refused and the kingdom of France was excommunicated[204]. "Bertæ reginæ, Odonis comitis filii eius…" subscribed the charter dated 1004 under which "Gislebertus prepositus" recorded a donation[205]. The king, in reaction to the 1108 assassination of his favourite Hugues de Beauvais who had served Queen Berthe, visited Rome in 1008 in an unsuccessful attempt to divorce his third wife in order to take back Berthe[206]. "Odonis comitis, Ermengardis uxoris eius, Bertæ reginæ…" subscribed the charter dated after 1005 under which "comitem Odonem" donated property "in comitatu Dunensi…Boscus Medius" to "Sancti Petri"[207]. The necrology of Chartres cathedral records the death "XVII Kal Feb" of "Berta mater Odonis comitis"[208].
     "m thirdly (after Sep 1001 before 25 Aug 1003) CONSTANCE d'Arles, daughter of GUILLAUME II “le Libérateur” Comte d’Arles [Provence] et Marquis & his second wife Adelais [Blanche] d’Anjou ([987/89]-Château de Melun 22 or 25 Jul 1032, bur église de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis). The Historia Francorum names "Constantiam, filiam Guillelmi comitis Arelatensis, natam de Blanca sorore Gaufridi comitis Andegavensis" as wife of King Robert[209]. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines also names "Constantia filia fuit Blanche comitisse Arelatensis" as wife of "Robertus rex"[210]. The Chronicon Hugonis names "Constantiam" as wife of "Robertus", specifying that she was "cognatam Hugonis Autisiodorensis episcopi comitis Cabilonensis"[211]. This is presumably based on Rodulfus Glaber who states incorrectly that "Constantiam…filiam…prioris Willemi Aquitanie ducis" was wife of King Robert II, specifying that she was "cognatam" of Hugues Comte de Chalon Bishop of Auxerre[212]. The only relationship so far identified between the two is that Constance's maternal uncle, Geoffroy I Comte d'Anjou, was the second husband of the mother of Comte Hugues. Rodulfus Glauber dates her marriage to "about the year 1000"[213]. The king attempted to separate from Constance in 1008 in order to take back his second wife, according to Rodulfus Glaber through the influence of "Hugo dictus Beluacensis"[214], but he restored Constance's royal prerogatives end-1009[215]. She opposed her husband's proposal to crown their second son Henri as associate king in 1026, supporting the candidature of her third son Robert[216]. She organised two revolts against King Robert, and another against her son King Henri I after his accession in 1031[217]. Rodolfus Glaber records the death of Queen Constance in the same city as her husband [Melun] and in the same month [July] in the following year, as well as her place of burial[218]. The necrology of the abbey of Saint-Germain-des-Prés records the death "XI Kal Aug" of "regina Constancia"[219]. The necrology of Argenteuil Priory records the death "VIII Kal Aug" of "Constancia regina"[220].
     "King Robert & his third wife had [seven] children"
Med Lands cites:
; Per Genealogy.EU (Capet 4): “B1. King ROBERT II "le Pieux" ("the Saint") of France (996-1031) cr 987, *Orleans 27.3.972, +Melun 20.7.1031, bur St.Denis; 1m: 988 (div 992) Rozela=Susana of Ivrea (*ca 950 +1003, bur Ghent); 2m: 997 (div 1003/5) Berthe des Deux-Bourgognes (+after 1017) dau.of King Rudolf III of Burgundy; 3m: 1003 Constance d'Arles (*ca 986, +25.7.1032)”.¹⁹

; Per Genealogics:
     "Daughter of Guillaume II, count of Arles and Provence and Adelaide of Anjou, Constance was born about 986 in Arles. About 1001 she married Robert II, king of France, who had repudiated his second wife Berthe of Burgundy. The Pope had already excommunicated the king for repudiating his first marriage to Rosela Roxana of Italy.
     "Constance was little liked at court because of her intrigues and cruelty; she had her confessor blinded on the basis of an accusation of heresy. Robert II attempted several times to repudiate her and return to Berthe of Burgundy as he had never ceased loving and seeing her. The court was soon divided into those favouring Constance and those for Berthe.
     "Constance and Robert II had six children. She preferred her younger son Robert and wanted him to be the heir to the throne, but her husband chose Henri the elder son to succeed him. After the death of Robert II she tried to kill Henri, but the attempt failed and he became king. Robert became count of Burgundy. Expelled from the court, Constance died in Melun on 25 July 1032."³

;      "Markus Welschhoff" wrote: >> Who knows the mother of Ermegarde d'Auvergne, wife of Eudes II de Blois. She was born about 995 and died on march 1040. I think, her father was Robert II d'Auvergne, but was her mother Ermegarde/Humberga of Toulouse or of Arles? And why the two names Ermegarde and Humberga, is she the same?
     In a post by Todd Farmerie (see below), the mother of Ermengarde d'Auvergne would evidently be Ermengarde de Brioude, daughter of Étienne de Brioude, Count of Gévaudan, and Adele d'Anjou, who married Robert III, Count d'Auvergne, d. 1032. (IIRC, Weis has no, or a different ancestry). Ermengarde/Humberga are simply variants of the same name, I'd guess the former being of french derivation; the latter, german..... There is more information, esp on the De Brioude ancestry, in the archives....

From: Todd A. Farmerie (farmerie@interfold.com)
Subject: Re: Adelaide d'Anjou (was Tiburge d'Orange)
Date: 2000/07/30
     >> Who are ALL of her ["her" referring to Adele d'Anjou, who married three times and was the grandmother of Ermengarde d'Auvergne] children (with the correct fathers)?
     Stasser gives her the following:
     by Etienne de Brioude:
     by Raymond:     by Guillaume II of Provence:
taf.⁶

; This is the same person as:
”Constance of Arles” at Wikipedia and as
”Constance d'Arles” at Wikipédia (Fr.)


This is also the same person as ”Constance of Arles” at The Henry Project.^20,21,2

Reference: Genealogics cites: Constance (?) d'Arles, Queen of France was also known as Constance (?) de Provence.³ GAV-26 EDV-26 GKJ-27.

; Per Med Lands:
     "CONSTANCE ([987/89]-Château de Melun 22 or 25 Jul 1032, bur église de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis). The Historia Francorum names "Constantiam, filiam Guillelmi comitis Arelatensis, natam de Blanca sorore Gaufridi comitis Andegavensis" as wife of King Robert[248]. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines also names "Constantia filia fuit Blanche comitisse Arelatensis" as wife of "Robertus rex"[249]. The Chronicon Hugonis names "Constantiam" as wife of "Robertus", specifying that she was "cognatam Hugonis Autisiodorensis episcopi comitis Cabilonensis"[250]. This is presumably based on Rodulfus Glaber who states incorrectly that "Constantiam…filiam…prioris Willemi Aquitanie ducis" was wife of King Robert II, specifying that she was "cognatam" of Hugues Comte de Chalon Bishop of Auxerre[251]. The only relationship so far identified between the two is that Constance's maternal uncle, Geoffroy I Comte d'Anjou, was the second husband of the mother of Comte Hugues. Rodulfus Glauber dates her marriage to "about the year 1000"[252]. The king attempted to separate from Constance in 1008 in order to take back his second wife, according to Rodulfus Glaber through the influence of "Hugo dictus Beluacensis"[253], but he restored Constance's royal prerogatives end 1009[254]. She opposed her husband's proposal to crown their second son Henri as associate king in 1026, supporting the candidature of her third son Robert[255]. She organised two revolts against King Robert and another against her son King Henri I after his accession[256]. Rodolfus Glaber records the death of Queen Constance in the same city as her husband [Melun] and in the same month [Jul] in the following year, and her place of burial[257]. The necrology of the abbey of Saint-Germain-des-Prés records the death "XI Kal Aug" of "regina Constancia"[258]. The necrology of Argenteuil Priory records the death "VIII Kal Aug" of "Constancia regina"[259].
     "m ([Sep 1001/25 Aug 1003]) as his third wife, ROBERT II King of France, son of HUGUES Capet King of France & his wife Adelais [de Poitou] (Orléans ([27 Mar] 972-Château de Melun 20 Jul 1031, bur église de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis)."
Med Lands cites: She was Queen consort of France between 1001 and 1031.²⁰

     Hugues Capet (?) Cte de Paris, Duc de France, King of France was born between 940 and 941 at Paris, City of Paris, Île-de-France, France.^1,6,2,3 He married Adélaïde/Aelis (?), daughter of Guillaume I/III "Tête-d'Étoupe" (?) Duc d'AquitaineComte de Poitou, Auvergne et Limoges and Gerloc/Adèle (?) of Normandy, Comtesse de Poitiers, Duchesse d'Aquitaine, in 968.^{1,6,7,8,2,3,9}

Hugues Capet (?) Cte de Paris, Duc de France, King of France died on 24 October 996 at Les Juifs, near Prasville, Departement d'Eure-et-Loir, Centre, France (now).^10,6,1,2,3
Hugues Capet (?) Cte de Paris, Duc de France, King of France was buried after 24 October 996 at Basilique Saint-Denis, Saint-Denis, Departement de Seine-Saint-Denis, Île-de-France, France; From Find A Grave:
     BIRTH     938, Paris, City of Paris, Île-de-France, France
     DEATH     14 Oct 996 (aged 57–58), Paris, City of Paris, Île-de-France, France
     French Monarch. Born in Paris, Isle De, France in 938, he was the founder of the third Frankish royal dynasty (the Capetians), which ruled France until 1328. Son of Hugh the Great, whom he succeeded as Duke of the Franks in 956, he was elected king and crowned at Noyon in 987. His 40 years in power were marked by constant political intrigue and struggle, both among the feudal aristocracy and with his Carolingian rivals, but his position was invariably saved by the disunity of his enemies. Bio by: Erik Lander
     Family Members
     Parents
      Hugh Robertin unknown–956
      Hedwig of Saxony
     Spouse
      Adelaide of Aquitaine unknown–1004
     Children
      Gisela Of France unknown–1002
      Hedwig Of France unknown–1013
      Robert II 972–1031
     BURIAL     Saint Denis Basilique, Saint-Denis, Departement de Seine-Saint-Denis, Île-de-France, France
     Maintained by: Find A Grave
     Originally Created by: Erik Lander
     Added: 24 Jul 2005
     Find A Grave Memorial 11420947.^1,11
     Reference: Genealogics cites:
1. Genealogisches Handbuch des Adels, Fürstliche Häuser . 1961.
2. Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists who came to America bef.1700, 7th Edition, 1992, Weis, Frederick Lewis. 57.² He was Cte de Paris.¹

; Per Genealogics:
     "King of France and founder of the Capetingian dynasty, Hugues was the eldest son of Hugues 'the Great', duke of The Franks, comte de Paris, and his third wife Hadewich von Sachsen. When his father died in 956, he succeeded to his numerous fiefs around Paris and Orléans. His cousin, the Frankish king Lothair, recognised him somewhat reluctantly as duke of the Franks.
     "Many of the counts in northern France did homage to Hugues as their overlord, and Richard I, duke of Normandy, was both his vassal and his brother-in-law. The authority of Hugues extended over certain districts south of the Loire, and owing to his intervention Lothair was obliged to recognise Hugues' brother Henri as duke of Burgundy. Hugues Capet supported his royal suzerain when Lothair and Emperor Otto II fought for the possession of Lorraine. However Hugues was chagrined at the king's conduct in making peace in 980, and went to Rome to conclude an alliance with Otto.
     "Laying more stress upon independence than upon loyalty, Hugues appears to have acted haughtily toward Lothair, and also towards Lothar's son and successor, Louis V. However, neither king was strong enough to punish this powerful vassal. When Louis V died without children in May 987, both Hugues and the late king's uncle, Charles, duke of Lorraine, were candidates for the vacant throne. In this contest Hugues had as his champions Adelberon, archbishop of Reims, and Gerbert, afterwards Pope Sylvester II. Their energy prevailed; declaring the Frankish crown to be an elective and not a hereditary dignity, Adelberon secured the election of his friend and crowned him, probably at Noyon, in July 987. Charles of Lorraine was not prepared to bow before his successful rival; before Hugues had secured the coronation of his son Robert as his colleague and successor in December 987, Charles found allies and attacked the king. Hugues had the worst of the earlier part of the struggle and was in serious straits until he was saved by his partisan Adelberon, who in 991 treacherously seized Charles and handed him over to the king.
     "This capture virtually ended the wars, but one of its side issues was a quarrel between Hugues and Pope John XV, who was supported by the Holy Roman Empire, then under the rule of the empress Theophano Skleraina as regent for her son, the young Emperor Otto III.
     "The origin of Hugues' name of Capet, which was also applied to his father, has been the subject of some discussion. It is derived from the Latin 'Capa', or 'Cappa', a cape; but whether Hugues derived it from the cape, which he wore as abbot of St. Martin's, or from his youthful habit of seizing capes, or from some other cause, is unknown.
     "The identification of his wife as 'of Aquitaine' or 'of Poitou' is erroneous; her parentage is unknown. She was identified as 'of Aquitaine' solely on the basis of a charter, which survives only in a 14th-century _vidimus_ (literally, 'we have seen'), in which a woman of Aquitaine named Adela appears with a husband whose name is actually given as Ebles. Louis Halphen and Ferdinand Lot, the editors of the 'vidimus', assumed that this Adela must be Hugues Capet's wife and arbitrarily changed 'Ebles' to 'Hugues'."²

; See entries in Wikipedia and Wikipédia (Fr.) for more information.^12,13

; Per Med Lands:
     "HUGUES, son of HUGUES “le Grand” Duc des Francs & his third wife Hedwig of Germany ([940]-villa "Les Juifs", near Prasville, Eure-et-Loire 24 Oct 996, bur église de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis). The Historia Francorum Senonensis names (in order) "Hugo, Otto et Heinricus" as the three sons of "Hugo Magnus dux Francorum…ex filia Odonis regis"[142]. Flodoard names "Hugonem et Oddonem clericum" as brothers of "Otto filius Hugonis", when he records that the rectores of Burgundy named them as his successors[143]. Rodulfus Glauber names "Hugoni, Parisiensis ducis filio…illius Magni Hugonis", specifying that his mother was "Ottone…sorore"[144]. His father named Richard Comte [de Normandie] as Hugues's guardian in 956, the arrangement being confirmed by Richard's betrothal to the sister of Hugues. The Annales Nivernenses record in 958 that "rex et mater sua et Ugo filius Ugonis et mater sua" attended a hearing "apud Marziacum vicum iuxta Nevernis…contra Guillelmum comitem Aquitaniæ post missa sancti Martini"[145]. He was installed as Duc des Francs/dux Francorum by Lothaire King of the West Franks in 960. By 974, Hugues had become effective leader of France under King Lothaire, and headed the army which retook the kingdom of Lotharingia from Otto II King of Germany in 978[146]. He was elected HUGUES "Capet" King of France by an assembly of nobles at Senlis 29 May 987, after the death of Louis V King of France. He was consecrated at Noyon 1 Jun 987. Charles Duke of Lotharingia, the late king's uncle, opposed the accession of King Hugues. He captured Laon in [May] 988, and Reims in [Aug/Sep] 989, with the help of his nephew Arnoul Archbishop of Reims, but was finally captured at Laon in 991[147]. The Historia Francorum Senonensis records the death in 998 of "Hugo rex" and his burial "in basilica beati Dyonisii martiris Parisius"[148]. The necrology of the abbey of Saint-Denis records the death "IX Kal Nov" of "Hugo rex"[149].
     "m ([968]) ADELAIS [de Poitou, daughter of GUILLAUME III “Tête d'Etoupes” Duke of Aquitaine [GUILLAUME I Comte de Poitou] & his wife Adela [Gerloc] de Normandie] ([950/55]-15 Jun [1004]). There is some doubt about Adelais´s ancestry. The 11th century Translatio S. Maglorii et aliorum names "Adelaide…filia Pictavorum comitis, de progenie Caroli Magni" as the wife of "Hugone, Francorum duce", clarifying that the latter refers to Hugues "Capet" King of France when it names "Roberto…rege, memorati ducis filio"[150]. This Poitevin origin is also suggested by Richer when he records that King Robert "ob nepotem suum Wilelmum" besieged "in Aquitania…Hildebertum"[151]. It is assumed that such a relationship between King Robert and Duke Guillaume would be through the king's mother as no family connection through his father has been established. Some doubt about this supposed Poitevin ancestry is introduced by the Chronicle of Ademar de Chabannes which, on the other hand, recounts the dispute between "Dux Aquitanorum Willelmus" and King Hugues, as well as the subsequent peace agreed between the parties in 990, without mentioning that the duke was the king's brother-in-law[152], all the more surprising if the Poitevin origin is correct as Ademar concentrates on Poitevin affairs and also includes genealogical details in his narrative. Another possible ancestry is suggested by Helgaud's Vita Roberti Regis which names "Rex Francorum Rotbertus…patre Hugone, matre Adhelaide", specifying that "ab Ausonis partibus descenderat"[153]. Settipani equates "Ausonia" with Rome or Italy[154], although no other reference to an Italian origin for Adelais has yet been identified. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines refers to the mother of "rex Francorum Robertus" as "superiorem regum Anglie soror"[155], but it is difficult to see to whom this could refer or how it could be correct. The paucity of references in contemporary sources to the wife of Hugues Capet and her origin contrasts with the frequent references to his mother and to the wives of his son King Robert II. This suggests that the background of Queen Adelais may have been obscure and that her family had little political influence at the time, although this would be surprising as her husband already enjoyed a position of some power at the Carolingian court at the time of his marriage. Maybe her family was prominent when the couple married but suffered a subsequent decline by the time her husband was elected king. Nevertheless, an Aquitainian marriage would have fitted the political circumstances of the time. After several decades of dispute between the Capet and Poitou families, a permanent peace appears to have been established from about the time the marriage took place[156]. The necrology of the abbey of Saint-Denis records the death "XVII Kal Jul" of "Adelaidis regina"[157].
     "[Mistress (1): ---. The name of King Hugues's possible mistress is not known.]"
Med Lands cites: He was Count of Poitou.¹⁴ GAV-27 EDV-27 GKJ-28.

; Stone [2000]: "He succeeded his father as duke of the Franks in 956 and was elected king in 987 by the Frankish nobles. Though he did not wield great power, the dynasty he founded ruled France until the Revolution, and his descendants in the male line have occupied the thrones of Naples, Hungary, Portugal, Navarre, and Spain, among others."¹⁵

; Per Genealogy.EU (Capet 4): "HUGUES "Capet", Cte de Paris, Duc de France (956-987), King of France (987-996), *941, +Les Juifs nr Chartres 24.10.996, bur St.Denis; m.VI-VIII.968 Alice/Adela of Poitou (*950 +15.6.1006) /probably dau.of Duke William of Aquitaine by Adele of Normandy"
Per Genealogy.EU (Poitou): "Alice/Adélaïde, *950/952, +15.6.1004/06; m.970 King Hughues of France (+24.10.996.)^16,17"

; Per Med Lands:
     "HEDWIG ([922]-9 Jan [958 or after 965]). Rodulfus Glaber names "sororem [primis Ottonis] Haduidem" as wife of "Hugo dux Francorum cognomento Magnus"[191]. "Henricus…rex" granted property to Paderborn cathedral by charter dated 9 May 935 which names "Heinrici æquivoci ac filii nostri et Hadeuui filiæ nostræ" by charter dated 9 May 935[192]. "Hugues abbé de Saint-Martin" donated "son alleu de Lachy…dans le comté de Meaux", inherited from "comte Aledramnus", to Tours Saint-Martin by charter dated 14 Sep 937 which names "sa femme Havis"[193]. Flodoard refers to "sororem Othonis regis Transfhenensis, filiam Heinrici" as the wife of "Hugo princeps, filius Roberti", without naming her, recording the marriage in 938[194]. The Annales Nivernenses record in 958 that "rex et mater sua et Ugo filius Ugonis et mater sua" attended a hearing "apud Marziacum vicum iuxta Nevernis…contra Guillelmum comitem Aquitaniæ post missa sancti Martini"[195]. The necrology of the abbey of Saint-Denis records the death "V Id Jan" of "Hadhuidis comitissa"[196].
     "m ([9 May/14 Sep] 937) as his third wife, HUGUES "le Grand" Duc des Francs, son of ROBERT I King of France & his second wife Béatrix de Vermandois ([898]-Dourdan, Essonne Jun 956, bur Saint-Denis)."
Med Lands cites: He was Duc de France/Duke of the Franks between 956 and 987.^1,13,12

; Per Enc. of World History: "HUGH (called Capet, for the cloak he wore as abbot of St. Martin de Tours). At Hugh's accession, the kingship was at its nadir; such power as Hugh had was feudal; the royal title meant little more than hegemony over a feudal patchwork, an ill-defined area called France, and the prestige of ancient monarchical tradition sanctified by ecclesiastical consecration. Hugh's own feudal domain consisted of the Île de France (extending from Laon to Orleans, with its center at Paris) and a few scattered holdings. The great barons of the so-called royal fiefs recognized Hugh as their suzerain, but never did homage nor rendered service. Hugh's special interest was to maintain his control over his chief resources, the archbishopric of Reims and the great bishoprics (Sens, Tours, Bourges) and abbeys of the Île de France, and to wean northeastern France away from the Carolingian and imperial interest. Despite clerical pressure, he avoided submission to imperial suzerainty, a policy that facilitated the demarcation between France and Germany. In defiance of pope and emperor, he forced his own candidate into the archbishopric of Reims. Hugh crowned his son shortly after his own coronation and began a practice (cooptation) that the early Capetians continued (until Philip II no longer felt it necessary), thus ensuring the succession and weakening the principle (dear to the feudality) of elective kingship."¹⁹ He was King of France between 987 and 996.^15,6,1,12,13

     Adélaïde/Aelis (?) was born circa 945; Genealogy.EU (Poitou 1 page) says b. 950/952; Genealogics says b. ca 945; Med Lands says b. 950/55.^4,5,6,7 She married Hugues Capet (?) Cte de Paris, Duc de France, King of France, son of Hugues I Magnus (?) Duke of The Franks, Comte de Paris and Hedwig (?) of Saxony, in 968.^{8,5,6,7,9,10,1}

Adélaïde/Aelis (?) died between 1004 and 1006; Genealogics says d. 15 June 1006; Med Lands says d. 1004; Weis [1992:128] says d. 1004; The Henry Project says d. 15 June 1003x5.^4,6,7,11,1
      ; Per Genealogy.EU (Capet 4): "HUGUES "Capet", Cte de Paris, Duc de France (956-987), King of France (987-996), *941, +Les Juifs nr Chartres 24.10.996, bur St.Denis; m.VI-VIII.968 Alice/Adela of Poitou (*950 +15.6.1006) /probably dau.of Duke William of Aquitaine by Adele of Normandy"
Per Genealogy.EU (Poitou): "Alice/Adélaïde, *950/952, +15.6.1004/06; m.970 King Hughues of France (+24.10.996.)^12,13"

; NB: Since I first developed this particular line (in the 1990's), opinion regarding the parents of Adelaide/Aelis, wife of Hugues Capet, has changed.
I. Genealogics now says "Her parentage is not known. It is now established that she was not the daughter of Guillaume I-III, duc d'Aquitaine." But Genealogics gives no further information.
Genealogics cites: Genealogisches Handbuch des Adels, Fürstliche Häuser. 1961.
II. Med Lands now states:
Med Lands cites:
III. Wikipedia and Wikipédia (Fr.) both say that she is the daughter of Guillaume III "Tête d'Étoupe", Duke of Aquitaine. Their sources are not recent nor authoritative.
Wikipedia cites: https://web.archive.org/web/20120612094819/http://www.royalist.info/execute/biog?person=3445
Wikipédia (Fr.) cites: L'Aquitaine carolingienne (778-987), Léonce Auzias (1937), p° 510
IV. Racines et Histoire also shows her as the daughter of Guillaume III "Tête d'Étoupe", but cites no sources at all.
V. Genealogy.EU (Poitou) also shows her as the daughter of Guillaume III "Tête d'Étoupe", but cites no sources at all.
VI. Genealogy.EU (Capet 4) says: "HUGUES "Capet", Cte de Paris, Duc de France (956-987), King of France (987-996), *941, +Les Juifs nr Chartres 24.10.996, bur St.Denis; m.VI-VIII.968 Alice/Adela of Poitou (*950 +15.6.1006) /probably dau.of Duke William of Aquitaine by Adele of Normandy"
Conclusion: I have now deleted any parents for Adelaide/Aelis. GA Vaut.^{6,7,14,15,16,17,18,12}

; Per Med Lands:
     "[ADELAIS de Poitou ([950/55]-[1004]). There is uncertainty about the origin of Adelais, wife of Hugues Capet. The 11th century Translatio S. Maglorii et aliorum names "Adelaide…filia Pictavorum comitis, de progenie Caroli Magni" as the wife of "Hugone, Francorum duce", clarifying that the latter refers to Hugues "Capet" King of France when it names "Roberto…rege, memorati ducis filio"[397]. This Poitevin origin is also suggested by Richer who records that King Robert "ob nepotem suum Wilelmum" besieged "in Aquitania…Hildebertum"[398]. It is assumed that such a relationship between King Robert and Duke Guillaume would be through the king's mother as no family connection through his father has been established. The Chronicle of Ademar de Chabannes, on the other hand, recounts the dispute between "Dux Aquitanorum Willelmus" and King Hugues, as well as the subsequent peace agreed between the parties in 990, without mentioning that the duke was the king's brother-in-law[399], all the more surprising if the Poitevin origin is correct as Ademar concentrates on Poitevin affairs and also includes genealogical details in his narrative. Another possible ancestry is suggested by Helgaud's Vita Roberti Regis which names "Rex Francorum Rotbertus…patre Hugone, matre Adhelaide", specifying that "ab Ausonis partibus descenderat"[400]. Settipani equates "Ausonia" with Rome or Italy[401], although no other reference to an Italian origin for Adelais has yet been identified. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines refers to the mother of "rex Francorum Robertus" as "superiorem regum Anglie soror"[402] but it is difficult to see to whom this could refer or how it could be correct. The paucity of references in contemporary sources to the wife of Hugues Capet and her origin contrasts sharply with the frequent references to his mother and to the wives of his son King Robert I. This suggests that the background of Queen Adelais may have been obscure and that her family had little political influence at the time, although this would be surprising as her husband was already enjoying a position of some power at the Carolingian court at the time of his marriage. Maybe her family was prominent when the couple married but suffered a subsequent decline by the time her husband was elected king. Nevertheless, an Aquitainian marriage would have fitted the political circumstances of the time. After several decades of dispute between the Capet and Poitou families, a permanent peace appears to have been established from about the time the marriage took place[403]. The necrology of the abbey of Saint-Denis records the death "XVII Kal Jul" of "Adelaidis regina"[404].
     "m ([968]) HUGUES Duc des Francs, son of HUGUES “le Grand” Duc des Francs & his third wife Hedwig of Saxony [Germany] ([940]-Les Juifs, near Prasville, Eure-et-Loire 24 Oct 996, bur église de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis). He was elected HUGUES "Capet" King of France by an assembly of nobles at Senlis 29 May 987.]"
Med Lands cites:

; This is the same person as ”Adélaïde” at The Henry Project.


See her entry on The Henry Project for more information on her parentage.¹ GAV-27 EDV-27 GKJ-28. Adélaïde/Aelis (?) was also known as Adelaide/Aelis de Poitou, Princess of Aquitaine.^8,4

     Hugues I Magnus (?) Duke of The Franks, Comte de Paris and Raingarde (?) were engaged; His mistress.³ Hugues I Magnus (?) Duke of The Franks, Comte de Paris was born between 898 and 900; Genealogy.EU (Capet 2 page) says b. ca 895 in Paris; Genealogics says b c 900; Wikipedia says b. c 898; Med Lands says 898.^8,9,1,2,10,3 He married Judith (?) de Bourges, daughter of Rotger/Roger (?) Comte de Maine and Rothilde (?) of Neustria, Princess of France, Countess of Bourges & of Maine, in 922 at France
;
His 1st wife.^1,11,2,3 Hugues I Magnus (?) Duke of The Franks, Comte de Paris married Eadhilda (Eadhylde) (?), daughter of Edward I "the Elder" (?) King of Wessex and Elfleda|Aelflaed (?), between 926 and 927
;
His 2nd wife.^{12,1,13,14,2,3} Hugues I Magnus (?) Duke of The Franks, Comte de Paris married Hedwig (?) of Saxony, daughter of Heinrich I "der Vogelsteller/The Fowler/l'Oiseleur" (?) Emperor of Germany, Duke of Saxony, Brunswick and Zelle and Saint Mathilde von Ringelheim Countess von Ringelheim, Queen of Germany, before 14 September 938 at Mainz Oder Ingelheim, Rhineland, Germany,
;
His 3rd wife.^{15,13,16,2,17,3}
Hugues I Magnus (?) Duke of The Franks, Comte de Paris died on 16 June 956 at Dourdan, France (now).^{15,1,14,12,2,10,3}
Hugues I Magnus (?) Duke of The Franks, Comte de Paris was buried after 16 June 956 at Basilique Saint-Denis, Saint-Denis, Departement de Seine-Saint-Denis, Île-de-France, France; From Find A Grave:
     BIRTH     unknown, Paris, City of Paris, Île-de-France, France
     DEATH     16 Jun 956, Departement de l'Aube, Champagne-Ardenne, France
     Hugh Magnus, The Great Duke of France was born abt 898 in Paris, Paris, Ile-de-France, France. He was the son of Robert I (Count of Paris & Poitiers) King of France #1 (866-923) and Beatrix (Queen of France) de (Vermandois) (880-949).
     Hugh married first, in 922, Judith, daughter of Roger Comte du Maine & his wife Rothilde. She died childless in 925. Hugh's second wife was Eadhild, daughter of Edward the Elder, king of the Anglo-Saxons, and sister of King Æthelstan. They married in 926 and she died in 938, childless. Hugh's third wife was Hedwig of Saxony, daughter of Henry the Fowler and Matilda of Ringelheim.
     Hugh and Hedwig were the parents of the following known children: Beatrice married Frederick I, Duke of Upper Lorraine. Hugh Capet who became King of France in 987. Emma.(c.?943-aft. 968). Otto, Duke of Burgundy and Odo-Henry I, Duke of Burgundy.
     Hugh the Great was the Duke of the Franks and Count of Paris. His family is known as the Robertians Noble family (The Robertians, or Robertines, was the Frankish predecessor family of origin to the ruling houses of France). At the death of his father, King Robert I, in battle at Soissons in 923, Hugh refused the crown and it went to his brother-in-law, Rudolph of France.
     Hugh was the progenitor of the Capetian kings of France. He was the son of a king (Robert I), father of another (Hugh Capet) and brother-in-law of three more (Rudolf of France, Athelstan of England, and Otto of Germany), Hugh possessed such vast territories that he could easily have assumed the crown on the death of Rudolf in 936.
     Hugh died on 6/16/ 956 in Isle, Aube, Champagne-Ardenne, France. His burial is unknown at this time.
     http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugh_the_Great
     http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/274894/Hugh-the-Great
     Family Members
     Parents
          Robert Robertin 866–923
          Beatrice of Vermandois
     Spouse
          Hedwig of Saxony
     Siblings
          Emma de France de Bourgogne
     Half Siblings
          Adele de Capet
     Children
          Hugh Capet 938–996
     BURIAL     Saint Denis Basilique, Saint-Denis, Departement de Seine-Saint-Denis, Île-de-France, France
     Created by: Stella
     Added: 21 Jun 2014
     Find A Grave Memorial 131665555
     SPONSORED BY Billie Jasper.¹⁸
      ; This is the same person as ”Hugh the Great” at Wikipedia and as ”Hugues le Grand (duc des Francs)” at Wikipédia (FR).^10,19 He was Duke of France.^15,1

Reference: Genealogics cites: GAV-30 EDV-29 GKJ-30.

; Per Genealogics:
     "Hugues was born about 900, the son of Robert I, king of France and nephew of King Eudes. His eldest son Hugues Capet would become king of France in 987. His family is known as the Robertians.
     "About 922 Hugues married Judith de Bourges. After her death without progeny in 925, he married Eadhild/Eadhylde of Wessex, daughter of Edward 'the Elder', king of England, and half-sister of Athelstan, Edmund I and Edred, all kings of England. Eadhild died in 937 without progeny.
     "At the death in 936 of Raoul, king of France and duke of Burgundy, Hugues was in possession of nearly all the region between the Loire and the Seine, corresponding to the ancient Neustria, with the exception of the territory ceded to the Normans in 911. He took a very active part in bringing Louis IV d'Outremer from the kingdom of England in 936. In 938 Hugues married Hadevich of Saxony, a daughter of emperor-elect Heinrich I 'the Fowler' and Mathilde von Ringelheim. Hugues and Hadevich had at least five children, of whom three, including Hugues Capet, would have progeny.
     "Hugues fell out with Louis IV soon after Louis' accession, and he even paid homage to Louis' brother-in-law Otto I, emperor from 936, and supported him in his struggle against Louis. When Louis fell into the hands of the Normans in 945, he was handed over to Hugues, who released him in 946 only on condition that he should surrender the fortress of Laon. At the council of Ingelheim in 948, Hugues was condemned under pain of excommunication, to make reparation to Louis. It was not, however, until 950 that the powerful vassal became reconciled with his sovereign and returned Laon to Louis. But new difficulties arose, and peace was not finally concluded until 953.
     "On the death of Louis IV in 954, Hugues was one of the first to recognise his son Lothar as his successor, and, at the intervention of Queen Gerberga, was instrumental in having him crowned. In recognition of this service Hugues was invested by the new king with the duchies of Burgundy (his sovereignty over which he had already been nominally recognised by Louis IV) and Aquitaine. His expedition in 955 to take possession of Aquitaine was unsuccessful, but in the same year, Giselbert, duc de Bourgogne and comte de Châlons sur Saône, acknowledged himself as Hugues' vassal and betrothed his daughter to Hugues' son Otto. At Giselbert's death on 8 April 956, Hugues became effective master of the duchy, but he died soon afterwards, on the 16 June 956 at Dourdan.
     "In the _Divine Comedy_ Dante meets the soul of Hugues in Purgatory, lamenting the avarice of his descendants."² He was Count of Paris, Orleans, Vexin and Le Mans.^15,1 Hugues I Magnus (?) Duke of The Franks, Comte de Paris was also known as Hugues 'the Great' (?) Duke of The Franks, Comte de Paris.² Hugues I Magnus (?) Duke of The Franks, Comte de Paris was also known as Hugh “le Grand” Robertin.¹⁸ Hugues I Magnus (?) Duke of The Franks, Comte de Paris was also known as Hugh (?) Duke of the Franks.¹²

; Per Med Lands:
     "HUGUES “le Grand”, son of ROBERT I King of France & his second wife Beatrix de Vermandois [Carolingian] ([898]-Dourdan, Essonne 16 Jun 956, bur église de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis). Guillaume of Jumièges records that “Rodbertus dux” married “sororem Herberti” by whom he had “Hugonem Magnum”[98]. The Historia Francorum Senonensis names "Hugo Magnus" as son of "Robertus princeps [et] sororem Herberti"[99]. "Rodbertum fratrem Odonis regis, qui erat pater Hugonis postea Francorum ducus" is named in the Cartulaire de Saint-Bertin[100]. Rodulfus Glaber names "Hugo filius Rotberti, Parisiorum comitis", commenting on the obscurity of his ancestry[101]. He was recognised by the king as heir to his father’s lands in 914. Flodoard records in 922 that, after King Charles III had returned [from “Lotharingia”] to Laon, "Hugo filius Rotberti" arrived “post pascha super Vidulam...ubi apud villam Finimas”[102]. Flodoard records in 922 that "Rotbertus" sent “filium suum Hugonem” with an army of Franks “in regnum Lotharii...propter Capraemontum Gislberti castrum” where he relieved the siege led by King Charles and returned after accepting hostages “a quibusdam Lothariensibus”[103]. He declined the succession to the throne of France on the death of his father in 923, when his brother-in-law Raoul Duke of Burgundy was elected king. Abbot of Saint-Martin de Tours: "l´abbé Hugues" granted "la ville de Mons…dans le pays de Melun" to "la reine Emma sa sœur, fille du roi Robert" by charter dated 926[104]. On the death of King Raoul, Hugues once more declined the succession, instead negotiating the return from England of the Carolingian Prince Louis, son of King Charles III “le Simple”, who was his wife's nephew and whom he installed as King Louis IV. Hugo rector Abbatiæ sancti Martini" names "genitoris nostri Rotberti quondam regis ac genitricis nostræ domnæ Beatricis" in a charter dated 26 Mar 931[105]. "Hugues abbé de Saint-Martin" donated "son alleu de Lachy…dans le comté de Meaux", inherited from "comte Aledramnus", to Tours Saint-Martin by charter dated 14 Sep 937 which names "sa femme Havis"[106]. The position of power acquired by Hugues is confirmed by the title dux francorum/Duc des Francs used in charters dated 25 Jul 936 and 25 Dec 936[107], and the king's references to him as “notre second dans tous nos royaumes”. Disputes between Hugues and the king quickly followed. On the death of King Louis IV in 954, Hugues was confirmed as Duc des Francs. He was granted lordship over Burgundy and Aquitaine[108]. He only succeeded in subjugating the former, succeeding Duke Giselbert as Duke of Burgundy in Apr 956. The Historia Francorum Senonensis records the death "XVI Kal Iul apud Drodingam villam" of "Hugo Magnus dux Francorum" and his burial "in basilica beati Dyonisii martiris Parisius"[109]. The necrology of Chartres cathedral records the death "XVI Kal Jul" of "Hugo dux Francorum"[110]. The Obituaire de Notre-Dame de Paris records the death "XV Kal Jul" of "Hugo dux Francorum"[111]. The necrology of Auxerre cathedral records the death 16 Jun of "Hugo comes"[112].
     "m firstly ([914]) [JUDITH] du Maine, daughter of ROGER Comte du Maine & his wife Rothilde [Carolingian] (before 900-925). The marriage of Hugues Comte de Paris with the daughter of Roger Comte du Maine is deduced from Flodoard naming "Rothildis, amitæ suæ [regis Karoli], socrus autem Hugonis" when recording that the king deprived her of "abbatiam…Golam" [Chelles] in favour of his favourite Hagano, the context dictating that "Hugonis" was "Hugo filius Rotberti"[113]. The source which names her father has not yet been identified, but it appears reasonably certain from the sources quoted in the document MAINE that Rothilde's husband was Roger. She is named Judith in Europäische Stammtafeln[114] but the primary source on which this is based has not been identified. According to Settipani her name is not known[115].
     "m secondly ([926]) EADHILD, daughter of EDWARD I "the Elder" King of Wessex & his second wife Ælfleda (-937). Flodoard mentions, but does not name, "filiam Eadwardi regis Anglorum, sororem coniugis Karoli" when recording her marriage to "Hugo filius Rotberti" in 926[116]. William of Malmesbury names (in order) "Edfleda, Edgiva, Ethelhilda, Ethilda, Edgitha, Elfgiva" as the six daughters of King Eadweard and his wife "Elfleda", specifying that Ethilda married "Hugh". The Book of Hyde names "Ethyldam" as fourth of the six daughters of King Edward by his first wife "Elfelmi comitis filia Elfleda", specifying that she married "pater Hugonis Capet"[117]. At the time of the couple's betrothal, her future husband sent sumptuous gifts to King Æthelstan, including spices, jewels, richly caparisoned horses, three holy relics and a gold crown[118].
     "m thirdly ([9 May/14 Sep] 937) HEDWIG of Germany, daughter of HEINRICH I King of Germany & his second wife Mathilde [Immedinger] ([922]-9 Jan [958 or after 965]). "Hugues abbé de Saint-Martin" donated "son alleu de Lachy…dans le comté de Meaux", inherited from "comte Aledramnus", to Tours Saint-Martin by charter dated 14 Sep 937 which names "sa femme Havis"[119]. Rodulfus Glauber names "sororem [=Otto] Haduidem" as wife of "Hugo dux Francorum cognomento Magnus"[120]. Flodoard refers to "sororem Othonis regis Transfhenensis, filiam Heinrici" as the wife of "Hugo princeps, filius Roberti", without naming her, recording their marriage in 938[121]. Flodoard also refers to "relicta Hugonis" as "amita Lotharius rex"[122]. The Annales Nivernenses record in 958 that "rex et mater sua et Ugo filius Ugonis et mater sua" attended a hearing "apud Marziacum vicum iuxta Nevernis…contra Guillelmum comitem Aquitaniæ post missa sancti Martini"[123]. The necrology of the abbey of Saint-Denis records the death "V Id Jan" of "Hadhuidis comitissa"[124].
     "Mistress (1): RAINGARDE [Ringare], daughter of ---. The Historia Episcoporum Autissiodorensium names "Heribertus Francigena filius Hugonis Ducis cognomento Magni ex concubina Raingarda" as bishop of Auxerre from 971 to 995[125]. The same source names "Johannes natione Autissiodorensis, patre Ansaldo, matre Raingarde" as bishop of Auxerre from 996 to 998[126]. The same name in the same area suggests the possibility that Raingarde, mistress of Duke Hugues, was the same person as the wife of Ansoud [I]."
Med Lands cites:

     Hedwig (?) of Saxony was born in 922 at Sachsen-Anhalt, Germany (now).^2,3,10 She married Hugues I Magnus (?) Duke of The Franks, Comte de Paris, son of Robert I (?) Count of Paris, Duke of France, King of the West Franks and Béatrice/Béatrix (?) Queen of France, before 14 September 938 at Mainz Oder Ingelheim, Rhineland, Germany,
;
His 3rd wife.^{11,12,2,13,3,14}
Hedwig (?) of Saxony died after 10 May 965 at Aachen (Aix La Chapelle), Stadtkreis Aachen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany (now).^2,3,10
     ; Per Med Lands:
     "HUGUES “le Grand”, son of ROBERT I King of France & his second wife Beatrix de Vermandois [Carolingian] ([898]-Dourdan, Essonne 16 Jun 956, bur église de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis). Guillaume of Jumièges records that “Rodbertus dux” married “sororem Herberti” by whom he had “Hugonem Magnum”[98]. The Historia Francorum Senonensis names "Hugo Magnus" as son of "Robertus princeps [et] sororem Herberti"[99]. "Rodbertum fratrem Odonis regis, qui erat pater Hugonis postea Francorum ducus" is named in the Cartulaire de Saint-Bertin[100]. Rodulfus Glaber names "Hugo filius Rotberti, Parisiorum comitis", commenting on the obscurity of his ancestry[101]. He was recognised by the king as heir to his father’s lands in 914. Flodoard records in 922 that, after King Charles III had returned [from “Lotharingia”] to Laon, "Hugo filius Rotberti" arrived “post pascha super Vidulam...ubi apud villam Finimas”[102]. Flodoard records in 922 that "Rotbertus" sent “filium suum Hugonem” with an army of Franks “in regnum Lotharii...propter Capraemontum Gislberti castrum” where he relieved the siege led by King Charles and returned after accepting hostages “a quibusdam Lothariensibus”[103]. He declined the succession to the throne of France on the death of his father in 923, when his brother-in-law Raoul Duke of Burgundy was elected king. Abbot of Saint-Martin de Tours: "l´abbé Hugues" granted "la ville de Mons…dans le pays de Melun" to "la reine Emma sa sœur, fille du roi Robert" by charter dated 926[104]. On the death of King Raoul, Hugues once more declined the succession, instead negotiating the return from England of the Carolingian Prince Louis, son of King Charles III “le Simple”, who was his wife's nephew and whom he installed as King Louis IV. Hugo rector Abbatiæ sancti Martini" names "genitoris nostri Rotberti quondam regis ac genitricis nostræ domnæ Beatricis" in a charter dated 26 Mar 931[105]. "Hugues abbé de Saint-Martin" donated "son alleu de Lachy…dans le comté de Meaux", inherited from "comte Aledramnus", to Tours Saint-Martin by charter dated 14 Sep 937 which names "sa femme Havis"[106]. The position of power acquired by Hugues is confirmed by the title dux francorum/Duc des Francs used in charters dated 25 Jul 936 and 25 Dec 936[107], and the king's references to him as “notre second dans tous nos royaumes”. Disputes between Hugues and the king quickly followed. On the death of King Louis IV in 954, Hugues was confirmed as Duc des Francs. He was granted lordship over Burgundy and Aquitaine[108]. He only succeeded in subjugating the former, succeeding Duke Giselbert as Duke of Burgundy in Apr 956. The Historia Francorum Senonensis records the death "XVI Kal Iul apud Drodingam villam" of "Hugo Magnus dux Francorum" and his burial "in basilica beati Dyonisii martiris Parisius"[109]. The necrology of Chartres cathedral records the death "XVI Kal Jul" of "Hugo dux Francorum"[110]. The Obituaire de Notre-Dame de Paris records the death "XV Kal Jul" of "Hugo dux Francorum"[111]. The necrology of Auxerre cathedral records the death 16 Jun of "Hugo comes"[112].
     "m firstly ([914]) [JUDITH] du Maine, daughter of ROGER Comte du Maine & his wife Rothilde [Carolingian] (before 900-925). The marriage of Hugues Comte de Paris with the daughter of Roger Comte du Maine is deduced from Flodoard naming "Rothildis, amitæ suæ [regis Karoli], socrus autem Hugonis" when recording that the king deprived her of "abbatiam…Golam" [Chelles] in favour of his favourite Hagano, the context dictating that "Hugonis" was "Hugo filius Rotberti"[113]. The source which names her father has not yet been identified, but it appears reasonably certain from the sources quoted in the document MAINE that Rothilde's husband was Roger. She is named Judith in Europäische Stammtafeln[114] but the primary source on which this is based has not been identified. According to Settipani her name is not known[115].
     "m secondly ([926]) EADHILD, daughter of EDWARD I "the Elder" King of Wessex & his second wife Ælfleda (-937). Flodoard mentions, but does not name, "filiam Eadwardi regis Anglorum, sororem coniugis Karoli" when recording her marriage to "Hugo filius Rotberti" in 926[116]. William of Malmesbury names (in order) "Edfleda, Edgiva, Ethelhilda, Ethilda, Edgitha, Elfgiva" as the six daughters of King Eadweard and his wife "Elfleda", specifying that Ethilda married "Hugh". The Book of Hyde names "Ethyldam" as fourth of the six daughters of King Edward by his first wife "Elfelmi comitis filia Elfleda", specifying that she married "pater Hugonis Capet"[117]. At the time of the couple's betrothal, her future husband sent sumptuous gifts to King Æthelstan, including spices, jewels, richly caparisoned horses, three holy relics and a gold crown[118].
     "m thirdly ([9 May/14 Sep] 937) HEDWIG of Germany, daughter of HEINRICH I King of Germany & his second wife Mathilde [Immedinger] ([922]-9 Jan [958 or after 965]). "Hugues abbé de Saint-Martin" donated "son alleu de Lachy…dans le comté de Meaux", inherited from "comte Aledramnus", to Tours Saint-Martin by charter dated 14 Sep 937 which names "sa femme Havis"[119]. Rodulfus Glauber names "sororem [=Otto] Haduidem" as wife of "Hugo dux Francorum cognomento Magnus"[120]. Flodoard refers to "sororem Othonis regis Transfhenensis, filiam Heinrici" as the wife of "Hugo princeps, filius Roberti", without naming her, recording their marriage in 938[121]. Flodoard also refers to "relicta Hugonis" as "amita Lotharius rex"[122]. The Annales Nivernenses record in 958 that "rex et mater sua et Ugo filius Ugonis et mater sua" attended a hearing "apud Marziacum vicum iuxta Nevernis…contra Guillelmum comitem Aquitaniæ post missa sancti Martini"[123]. The necrology of the abbey of Saint-Denis records the death "V Id Jan" of "Hadhuidis comitissa"[124].
     "Mistress (1): RAINGARDE [Ringare], daughter of ---. The Historia Episcoporum Autissiodorensium names "Heribertus Francigena filius Hugonis Ducis cognomento Magni ex concubina Raingarda" as bishop of Auxerre from 971 to 995[125]. The same source names "Johannes natione Autissiodorensis, patre Ansaldo, matre Raingarde" as bishop of Auxerre from 996 to 998[126]. The same name in the same area suggests the possibility that Raingarde, mistress of Duke Hugues, was the same person as the wife of Ansoud [I]."
Med Lands cites: Hedwig (?) of Saxony was also known as Hatwide (Hawise) (?) von Sachsen, Princess of Germany. GAV-28 EDV-28 GKJ-29.

Reference: Genealogics cites: Genealogisches Handbuch des Adels, Fürstliche Häuser. 1961.³

; This is the same person as ”Hedwig of Saxony” at Wikipedia and as ”Hadwig von Sachsen” at Wikipedia (DE).^15,16 Hedwig (?) of Saxony was also known as Hadevich (?) von Sachsen.³

; Per Med Lands:
     "HEDWIG ([922]-9 Jan [958 or after 965]). Rodulfus Glaber names "sororem [primis Ottonis] Haduidem" as wife of "Hugo dux Francorum cognomento Magnus"[191]. "Henricus…rex" granted property to Paderborn cathedral by charter dated 9 May 935 which names "Heinrici æquivoci ac filii nostri et Hadeuui filiæ nostræ" by charter dated 9 May 935[192]. "Hugues abbé de Saint-Martin" donated "son alleu de Lachy…dans le comté de Meaux", inherited from "comte Aledramnus", to Tours Saint-Martin by charter dated 14 Sep 937 which names "sa femme Havis"[193]. Flodoard refers to "sororem Othonis regis Transfhenensis, filiam Heinrici" as the wife of "Hugo princeps, filius Roberti", without naming her, recording the marriage in 938[194]. The Annales Nivernenses record in 958 that "rex et mater sua et Ugo filius Ugonis et mater sua" attended a hearing "apud Marziacum vicum iuxta Nevernis…contra Guillelmum comitem Aquitaniæ post missa sancti Martini"[195]. The necrology of the abbey of Saint-Denis records the death "V Id Jan" of "Hadhuidis comitissa"[196].
     "m ([9 May/14 Sep] 937) as his third wife, HUGUES "le Grand" Duc des Francs, son of ROBERT I King of France & his second wife Béatrix de Vermandois ([898]-Dourdan, Essonne Jun 956, bur Saint-Denis)."
Med Lands cites:

     Heinrich I "der Vogelsteller/The Fowler/l'Oiseleur" (?) Emperor of Germany, Duke of Saxony, Brunswick and Zelle was born circa 876 at Saxony, Germany; Genealogy.EU (Liudolfer page) says b. 875; Genealogics says b. 876.^1,2,5 He married Hatheburg/Hatheberge von Merseburg, daughter of Eberwin/Erwin von Merseburg and Unknown (?), in 906
;
His 1st wife.^2,5,3,11,12 Heinrich I "der Vogelsteller/The Fowler/l'Oiseleur" (?) Emperor of Germany, Duke of Saxony, Brunswick and Zelle married Saint Mathilde von Ringelheim Countess von Ringelheim, Queen of Germany, daughter of Dietrich II (?) von Ringelheim, Count of Saxon-Hamelant and Reginhilde (?) von Friesland, in 909 at Walhausen, Germany (now),
; Charlemagne Desc. Vol. I says m. 911; Genealogy.EU (Liudolfer page) and Genealogics say m. 909.^{1,2,13,5,3,14,15,16} Heinrich I "der Vogelsteller/The Fowler/l'Oiseleur" (?) Emperor of Germany, Duke of Saxony, Brunswick and Zelle and Hatheburg/Hatheberge von Merseburg were divorced in 909.^3,12
Heinrich I "der Vogelsteller/The Fowler/l'Oiseleur" (?) Emperor of Germany, Duke of Saxony, Brunswick and Zelle died on 2 July 936 at Membleben.^1,2,13,5
Heinrich I "der Vogelsteller/The Fowler/l'Oiseleur" (?) Emperor of Germany, Duke of Saxony, Brunswick and Zelle was buried after 2 July 936 at Stiftskirche Saint Servatius, Quedlinburg, Landkreis Harz, Sachsen-Anhalt, Germany; From Find A Grave:
     BIRTH     c.876
     DEATH     c.2 Jul 936 (aged 59–60)
     German King and Duke of Saxony. He was born around 876 as the eldest son of Duke Otto of Saxony and Hadwig of Babenberg. He married Hatheburg von Merseburg in 906 and had a son with her, but they where divorced again three years later because he had found a woman whose family was wealthier than hers. Heinrich kept her dowry and she was sent to a monastery where she became abbess. In 909 he married Mathilde von Ringelheim, who bore him five children. King Konrad I supposedly named him his successor on his deathbed and ordered his brother Eberhard to bring Heinrich the royal insignia. The legend says he was catching birds when the crown was given to him, thus his german nickname became "Vogelfänger" (bird-catcher). In May 919, during the Reichstag of Fritzlar, he was elected King of the Germans, after Eberhard had renounced his right of succession. During his reign he was able to unite the German tribes to one kingdom. In 933 he defeated the Magyars in the Battle of Riade. It is possible that he had a stroke in late 935, but recovered from it. In late spring of the following year he met with his highest ranking nobles in Erfurt to discuss the future of the kingdom. He recommended them his son Otto as his successor. From Erfurt he traveled to Memleben where he suffered a second stroke and died. He was buried in the monastery his wife established in the same year in Quedlinburg. She survived him by thirty years and was buried beside him. His grave didn't survive the centuries, while those of his wife and granddaughter did. Bio by: Lutetia
     Family Members
     Parents
          Otto I of Saxony unknown–912
          Hadwiga of Babenberg unknown–903
     Spouse
          Mathilde von Ringelheim 895–968
     Children
          Hedwig of Saxony
          Otto I The Great 912–973
          Gerberga of Saxony 913–969
          Louis de France 920–954
          Heinrich I von Bayern 920–955
          Bruno 925–965
     BURIAL     Stiftskirche Saint Servatius, Quedlinburg, Landkreis Harz, Sachsen-Anhalt, Germany
     Maintained by: Find A Grave
     Originally Created by: Lutetia
     Added: 15 Jul 2006
     Find A Grave Memorial 14938819.¹⁷
      ; Per Genealogics:
     “Heinrich was born in 876, the son of Otto, duke of Saxony, and Haduwig von Babenberg. Emperor-Elect Konrad I had designated Heinrich as his successor, which was supported by the Saxon and Franconian nobility. Although he was the first non-Frank ruler of the Holy Roman Empire, he adopted Frankish customs, dress and manners.
     “He regarded the support of the nobility as sufficient for his position, and refused to be crowned by the bishops. As duke of Saxony he had shown his independence from Emperor and Church. However when he became emperor he grew closer to the Church.
     “The most serious problem of his reign was the independence of the higher nobility. This had been caused by the disintegration of monarchical powers in the preceding fifty years. He re-established imperial control over Suabia, Lotharingia and Bavaria. However, in general he allowed the dukes a free hand within their own territories.
     “Several times after 925 he raided the territories of his uncivilized neighbours, the Slavic Wends and the Hungarian Magyars, taking Brandenburg from the Wends, and defeating the Magyars in battle in 933. In the conquered lands he built fortified cities as military strongholds.
     “His rule restored much of the power and prestige of the monarchy so that, before he died (on 2 July 936), he obtained the recognition of his son Otto as his successor.”.⁵ GAV-29 EDV-29 GKJ-30.

; This is the same person as ”Henry the Fowler” at Wikipedia and as ”Heinrich I. (Ostfrankenreich)” at Wikipedia (DE).

This is also the same person as ”Heinrich I” at The Henry Project.^18,19,20

Reference: Genealogics cites:

; Per Genealogics:
     "Heinrich was born in 876, the son of Otto, duke of Saxony, and Haduwig von Babenberg. Emperor-Elect Konrad I had designated Heinrich as his successor, which was supported by the Saxon and Franconian nobility. Although he was the first non-Frank ruler of the Holy Roman Empire, he adopted Frankish customs, dress and manners.
     "He regarded the support of the nobility as sufficient for his position, and refused to be crowned by the bishops. As duke of Saxony he had shown his independence from Emperor and Church. However when he became emperor he grew closer to the Church.
     "The most serious problem of his reign was the independence of the higher nobility. This had been caused by the disintegration of monarchical powers in the preceding fifty years. He re-established imperial control over Suabia, Lotharingia and Bavaria. However, in general he allowed the dukes a free hand within their own territories.
     "Several times after 925 he raided the territories of his uncivilized neighbours, the Slavic Wends and the Hungarian Magyars, taking Brandenburg from the Wends, and defeating the Magyars in battle in 933. In the conquered lands he built fortified cities as military strongholds.
     "His rule restored much of the power and prestige of the monarchy so that, before he died (on 2 July 936), he obtained the recognition of his son Otto as his successor."²¹

; Per Enc. of World History: "King Henry I (called the Fowler, supposedly because the messengers announcing his election found him hawking). Tolerant of the dukes, he forced recognition of his authority; cool to the Church, he avoided ecclesiastical coronation. Lorraine restored to the German Kingdom and unified into the duchy of Lorraine, a center of spiritual and intellectual ferment. Henry's daughter married the duke of Lorraine (928). Henry ended the Magyar truce with his victory at Riade on the Unstrut River, the first great defeat of the Magyars. Occupation of the land between the Schlei and the Eider (Charlemagne's Dane Mark), and erection of the mark of Schleswig, guardian of the Elbe mouth; the Danish king was made tributary and forced to receive Christian missionaries. Henry had prepared the way for his son, whose election was a formality, the succession becoming virtually hereditary."²²

; Per Weis: “Henry I, "the Fowler" (147-18), b. 876, d. Memleben, 2 July 936, Duke of Saxony, King of the Saxons 912-936; m. (2) 909 Mechtilde of ringelheim, b. abt. 896, d. 14 March 968, dau. of dietrich, Vount of Ringelheim. (ES I.1/10; CCN, 495).”.²³

; Per Med Lands:
     "HEINRICH, son of OTTO "der Erlauchte" Graf [im Südthüringau] & his wife Hedwig [Babenberg] ([876]-Memleben[142] 2 Jul 936, bur Quedlinburg Stiftskirche). Thietmar records that Heinrich was "born of the noble lineage of Otto and Hadwig"[143]. According to the Annalista Saxo, he was son of the unnamed sister of Adalbert [Babenberg], with whom he and his brothers fought against the Konradiner family, his complete parentage being recorded in a later passage[144]. He was elected as HEINRICH I "der Vogelsteller/the Fowler" King of Germany at Fritzlar 6 May 919, but Thietmar reports that he refused unction offered by Heriger Archbishop of Mainz[145]. King Heinrich re-established Saxon domination over the Slavs after successful campaigns against the Hevelli in 928 and against the Daleminzi and Bohemians in 929[146]. Thietmar records that he founded Meissen in [928/29][147], and defeated "Knud I" King of Denmark[148]. Widukind records that he defeated the Magyars at the battle of Riade near Merseburg in 933, their first major setback in their raids on western Europe[149]. The necrology of Fulda records the death "936 Kal Iul" of "Heinrih rex"[150]. Thietmar records the death of King Heinrich 2 Jul 936 at Memleben "in the…sixtieth year of his life" and his burial at Quedlinburg "which he himself had constructed from the ground up"[151]. The necrology of Merseburg records the death "2 Jul" of "Heinricus rex pater magni Oddonis"[152].
     "m firstly (906, divorced 909) as her second husband, HATHEBURG, widow of ---, daughter of EBERWIN & his wife ---. Thietmar names Hatheburg as daughter of "lord Erwin", specifying that she was widowed (without naming her first husband), when recording her marriage to Heinrich[153]. Widukind records the mother of "Thancmari" as "filia materteræ Sigifridi"[154]. She had become a nun after the death of her first husband, which presumably provided the reason for "the outrage perpetrated through this marriage" and the basis for the couple's separation which is not explicitly expressed as such by Thietmar[155].
     "m secondly (Wallhausen 909) MATHILDE, daughter of Graf THEODERICH [Immedinger] & his wife Reginlind --- ([896]-Quedlinburg 14 Mar 968, bur Quedlinburg Stiftskirche). Widukind names "Mahthilda" as wife of King Heinrich, also naming her father and three brothers[156]. Thietmar names Mathilde as daughter of "Dietrich and Reinhild" when recording her marriage to Heinrich, specifying the was "a descendant of the lineage of King Widukind"[157]. Her alleged descent from Widukind is also referred to in the Vita Mahthildis[158]. Thietmar records that Quedlinburg was bestowed on Mathilde as part of her dower 16 Sep 929[159], and that she established the convent there thirty days after the death of her husband[160]. She played an active part in encouraging the rebellion of her son Heinrich in 939 and was included in the reconciliation of 941[161]. Lay Abbess of Nivelles. Thietmar records the death of Queen Mathilde on 14 Mar, without specifying the year[162]. The necrology of Fulda records the death "968 2 Id Mar" of "Mahthild regina"[163]."
Med Lands cites:

; Per Genealogy.EU (Liudolfing): “B1. Duke Heinrich I "der Vogelsteller" of Saxony (912-936), King of Germany (919-936), *875, +Memleben 2.7.936; 1m: Hatheberge N; 2m: 909 *[4347] St. Mathilde von Ringelheim (Westfalen) (*877 +968), dau. of Theoderich Gf von Ringelheim”.²⁴

; Per Med Lands:
     "MATHILDE ([896]-Quedlinburg 14 Mar 968, bur Quedlinburg Stiftskirche). Widukind names "Mahthilda" as wife of King Heinrich, also naming her father and three brothers[58]. Thietmar names Mathilde as daughter of "Dietrich and Reinhild" when recording her marriage to Heinrich, and specifies that she was "a descendant of the lineage of King Widukind"[59]. Her alleged descent from Widukind is also referred to in the Vita Mahthildis[60]. Thietmar records that Quedlinburg was bestowed on Mathilde as part of her dower 16 Sep 929[61], and that she established the convent there thirty days after the death of her husband[62]. Lay Abbess of Nivelles. The necrology of Fulda records the death "968 II Id Mar" of "Mahthild regina"[63].
     "m (Wallhausen 909) as his second wife, HEINRICH Graf, son of OTTO "der Erlauchte" Graf im Südthüringau & his wife Hedwig [Babenberg] ([876]-Memleben 2 Jul 936, bur Quedlinburg Stiftskirche). He was elected as HEINRICH I "der Vogelsteller/the Fowler" King of Germany at Fritzlar 6 May 919."
Med Lands cites:

; Per Med Lands:
     "HATHEBURG . Thietmar names Hatheburg as daughter of "lord Erwin", specifying that she was widowed (without naming her first husband), when recording her marriage to Heinrich[776]. Widukind records the mother of "Thancmari" as "filia materteræ Sigifridi"[777]. She had become a nun after the death of her first husband, which presumably provided the reason for "the outrage perpetrated through this marriage" and the basis for her separation from her second husband although it is not explicitly expressed as such by Thietmar[778].
     "m firstly ---.
     "m secondly (906, divorced 909) as his first wife, HEINRICH Graf, son of OTTO "dem Erlauchten" Graf im Südthüringau & Hedwig [Babenberg] ([876]-Memleben 2 Jul 936, bur Quedlinburg Stiftskirche). He was elected HEINRICH I "der Vogelsteller/the Fowler" King of Germany at Fritzlar 6 May 919."
Med Lands cites: He was Duke of Saxony between 912 and 936.^25,2,13,18 He was King of Germany (per Wikipedia "King of East Francia"). See attached map of Lotharingia in the 10th century (from Wikipedia - By Joostik - Own work, CC0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=18663669) between 919 and 936.^2,13,18

     Robert I (?) Count of Paris, Duke of France, King of the West Franks was born after September 866 at Bourgogne, Marneogne, France.^9,10,2,3 He married Béatrice/Béatrix (?) Queen of France circa 890
;
His 2nd wife; Leo van de Pas says m. 893.^{11,12,13,3,14} Robert I (?) Count of Paris, Duke of France, King of the West Franks married Adele/Aélis (?) du Maine before 894
;
His 1st wife.^2,15,16,3,17
Robert I (?) Count of Paris, Duke of France, King of the West Franks died on 15 June 923 at Battle of Soissons near the Abbey of Saint-Médard de Soissons, Soissons, Departement de l'Aisne, Picardie, France (now); killed in battle.^{2,18,12,3,19,20}
     GAV-29 EDV-29 GKJ-30. He was Duke of France.²¹

; Per Genealogiics:
     "Robert I was born after September 866, the son of Rutpert IV, Graf in Wormsgau, duke of Francia, and Aelis de Tours. Her was the brother of Eudes, who became king of the Western Franks in 888. West Francia evolved over time into France; under Eudes, the capital was fixed on Paris. His family is known as the Robertians.
     "Robert was present at the Siege of Paris in 885. Appointed by Eudes the ruler of several counties, including the county of Paris, and abbot _in commendam_ of many abbeys, Robert also secured the office of _Dux Francorum,_ a military dignity of high importance. He did not claim the crown of West Francia when his brother died in 898; but he recognised the supremacy of the Carolingian king, Charles 'the Simple', and was confirmed in his offices and possessions, after which he continued to defend northern Francia from the attacks of the Norsemen.
     "The peace between the king and his powerful vassal was not seriously disturbed until about 921. The rule of Charles, and especially his partiality for a certain Hagano, had aroused some irritation. Supported by many of the clergy and by some of the most powerful of the Frankish nobles, Robert took up arms, drove Charles into Lorraine, and was himself crowned king of the Franks (_Rex Francorum_) at Reims on 29 June 922. Collecting an army, Charles marched against the usurper, and on 15 June 923, in a bloody battle near Soissons, Robert was killed, according to one tradition in single combat with his rival.
     "Robert was married twice. Through his first wife Aelis he had a daughter Adela who married his vassal Heribert II, comte de Vermandois. Through his second wife Beatrice he had his only son Hugues 'the Great', who was later _Dux Francorum_ and father of King Hugues Capet. Robert's daughter Emma married Raoul, duke of Burgundy, who succeeded as king of France after Robert's death."³

; Per Henry Project:
     "Robert I, King of France, 922-3, Marquis of Neustria, 888-922, count of Paris, Orléans, Tours, Abbot of Saint-Martin de Tours, Lay-abbot of Marmoutier.
     "Robert is found in 884 as a count in Lorraine in the service of the emperor Charles the Fat ["... quidam vir nobilis Rotbertus comes fidelissimus noster ...", MGH DD Karl 169 (#105)]. When Robert's elder brother Eudes became king of France in 888, Robert succeeded his brother as marquis of Neustria and other dignities, and he appears often at his brother's side in his charters [e.g., 890×1: "... dilecti fratris nostri Roberti illustrissimi marchionis consilium atque consensum..." RHF 9: 457 (#18); 893: "... Robertus dilectus frater noster atque illustris comes et marchio ..." ibid., 461 (#23); ca. 893: "... illuster dux videlicet Robertus ..." ibid., 462 (#25)]. When Eudes died in 898, Robert recognized the Carolingian Charles the Simple as king of France. In 922, Robert revolted against Charles, joined by his son Hugues and his son-in-law Raoul, duke of Burgundy, and in late June, he was chosen as king of France ["Franci Rotbertum seniorem eligunt, ipsique sese committunt. Rotbertus itaque rex Remis, apud Sanctum Remigium, ab episcopis et primatibus regni constituitur. Heriveus, Remorum archiepiscopus, obiit tertia die post consecrationem regis Rotberti, scilicet VI nonas Julii..." Flodoard, Annales, s.a. 922, 10; "Secundo anno post eius mortem Robertus princeps rebellavit contra Karolum Simplicem, unctusque est in regem 3. Kal. Iulii." Historia Francorum Senonensis, MGH SS 9: 366; "Rothbertus princeps inunctus ad regem 6. Kal. Iul. contra Karolum a Gualterio archiepiscopo Senonum..." Annales Sanctae Columbae Senonensis, MGH SS 1: 104]. Robert's reign lasted slightly less than a year, for he fell at the Battle of Soissons on 15 June 923 ["... Rotbertus quoque rex lanceis perfossus cecidit." Flodoard, Annales, s.a. 923, 13; "Et nondum anno expleto 17. Kal. Iulii factum est bellum Suessionis civitate inter Karolum Simplicem et ipsum Robertum, qui regnum Francorum invaserat; ubi interfectus est ipse Robertus." Historia Francorum Senonensis, MGH SS 9: 366; "... et nondum anno expleto 17. Kal. Iul. peremptus est in bello ab exercitu Karoli Suessione..." Annales Sanctae Columbae Senonensis, MGH SS 1: 104].
     "Date of Birth: Unknown, adhuc parvulus at his father's death in 866. ["... siquidem Odo et Ruotbertus, filii Ruotberti, adhuc parvuli erant, quando pater extinctus est..." Regino, Chronicon, s.a. 867, 93]
     "Place of Birth: Unknown.
     "Date of Death: 15 June 923. In addition to the sources cited above, the date is given as 15 June in the Annals of Saint-Denis ["17. Kal. Iul. Rotbertus rex mor[itur]" Annales Sancti Dionysii, MGH SS 13: 720] and the necrologies of Saint-Magloire ["XVII cal. Robertus rex" Obit. Sens, 1, pt. 1: 390] and the cathedral of Chartres ["XVII kal. jul. Obiit Rotbertus rex" Obit. Sens, 2: 14]. The necrology of Saint-Père-en-Vallée ["XVI kal. Robertus, rex Francorum interfectus" Obit. Sens, 2: 190] gives 16 June.
     "Place of Death: In the Battle of Soissons, near the abbey of Saint-Médard de Soissons.
     "Father: Robert "le Fort", d. 866, marquis in Neustria, ca. 852-866. The relationship of Robert to his father Robert and brother Eudes is well documented [e.g., "... siquidem Odo et Ruotbertus, filii Ruotberti, adhuc parvuli erant, quando pater extinctus est..." Regino, Chronicon, s.a. 867, 93; "Odo filius Rodberti usque ad Ligerim fluvium vel Aquitanicam provinciam sibi in usum usurpavit." Ann. Fuld., s.a. 888, 116; "... et terram patris sui Rothberti Odoni comiti concessam..." Ann. Vedast., s.a. 886, 62; "Rothbertus comes, frater regis Odoni" Ann. Vedast., s.a. 898, 79].
     "Mother: Unknown. See the page of Robert le Fort for various conjectures regarding the identity of the mother of Robert I.
     "Spouse: (1) Béatrix, apparently deceased by 21 May 907. Beatrix is mentioned in an act of Hugues le Grand dated 26 March 931 ["Hugo rector abbatiæ sancti Martini... et genitoris nostri Rotberti quondam regis ac genitricis nostræ domnæ Beatricis..." RHF 9: 719], and her name appears in abbreviated form ("Be.") in another act ["... et Rotbertus prefatus sancti Aniani pro remedio anime suæ et anime uxoris suæ Be. atque pro incolumitate filii sui Hugonis concessit fratribus." Vidier (1907), 317]. As discussed below, Béatrix cannot have been married to Robert after 907, so if Adèle was also a wife of Robert, then Béatrix would have to be an earlier wife.
     "Probable additional spouse: (2) Adèle, living 21 May 907. Adèle appears with Robert on 21 May 907, and has been placed as either a wife or daughter of Robert. Her identity is discussed in the Commentary section.
     "Children:
(by Beatrix)
(mother not documented)
Commentary - Who was countess Adèle?
     "On 21 May 907, a countess Adèle appears in an act of the French king Charles the Simple, named along with a count Robert who is almost certainly the future king Robert I ["... venerandi comitis Rotberti, et Adelæ comitissæ ..." RHF 9: 505; also in Rec. actes Charles III le Simple, #57 (not seen by me)]. As argued by Constance Bouchard, the most natural interpretation of this evidence would make Adèle a wife of Robert [Bouchard (1988), 16, n. 27], but it has been argued that Adèle was actually the daughter of Robert I who married Heribert II of Vermandois [Werner (1967), 458, n. 4; Settipani (1993), 407-8].
     "The evidence regarding Adèle is closely tied to the chronology of Béatrix (see her page), wife of Robert I and mother of Hugues le Grand. The usual interpretation is that the act of 26 March 931 indicates that Béatrix was still alive on that date, since the word quondam is applied only to Robert in that record. If we accept that scenario, and identify the Adèle of 907 as a wife of Robert, this would place Adèle as the first wife and Béatrix as the second wife [e.g., Chaume (1925), 393 (conjectured as a "probable" daughter of count Aleran II), 537; Bouchard (1988), 16, n. 27]. However, as argued by Karl Ferdinand Werner and Christian Settipani, there is a chronological problem here. If Béatrix were not married to Robert until after 21 May 907, then her son Hugues le Grand could have been born in 908 at the earliest, which goes against everything that is known about the chronology of Hugues le Grand. Hugues appears as his father's heir on 31 March 914 ["S. Roberti gloriosi abbatis. S. domni Hugonis filii sui abbatis et comitis cui post ipsum iam sui honores dati erant." Werner (1958), 287], and he was actively participating in events from 922 on [Flodoard, Annales, s.a. 922ff, 7ff]. On this basis, Werner and Settipani argue that countess Adèle was not a wife of Robert I, but his daughter who married Heribert II of Vermandois, and whose name is otherwise unknown.
     "All of this depends on the assumption that Béatrix was still alive in 931. However, as was pointed out recently by Peter Stewart in the soc.genealogy.medieval newsgroup, if Béatrix were still alive in 931, then she would have been married to Robert during the time that he was king of France (922-3), and she should therefore in that case appear as regina in the 931 act, and not merely as domna. This appearance as domna instead of regina would seem to outweigh the fact that she does not appear as quondam, and it therefore seems likely that Béatrix was no longer living in 931. In this case there would be no obstacle to placing her death before 907, and making Adèle a later rather than an earlier wife. Since the identification of Werner and Settipani depends heavily on ruling out Adèle as a wife of Robert, we can accept as probable Stewart's thesis that Robert was married first to Béatrix and then to Adèle.
     "Conjectured earlier wife (existence doubtful): Emma, daughter of Ludwig III, king of Bavaria" Having accepted a previous conjecture of Depoin and Chaume that the daughter of Robert who married Heribert II was named Liégarde, Vajay noted that the wife of king Ludwig III of Bavaria had the same name (in German, Liutgard, daughter of Liudolf, duke of Saxony). Since Ludwig's mother was named Emma and Robert had another daughter with the same name, Vajay conjectured that Robert's two daughters were by an otherwise unknown earlier wife Emma, daughter of Ludwig and Liutgard [Vajay (1980), 776-7 n. 106]. There is no evidence that Ludwig ever had such a daughter, and the conjecture must be regarded as doubtful.
     "Conjectured daughter (very doubtful): Adélaïde, m. Ermengaud, count of Rouergue: Vajay identifies Adélaïde, wife of count Ermengaud of Rouergue, with the countess Adèle who appears in 907, and makes her a daughter of Robert I [Vajay (1980), 773-776]. This is pure speculation based on slim onomastic considerations (Ermengaud had a son named Hugues).
Bibliography
     "Ann. Fuld. = Friedrich Kurze, ed., Annales Fuldenses (MGH SRG 7, Hannover, 1891).
     "Ann. Vedast. = B. de Simson, ed., Annales Xantenses et Annales Vedastini (MGH SRG 12, 1909), 41-82.
     "Anselme = Père Anselme, Histoire généalogique et chronologique de la maison royale de France, 9 vols. (Paris, 1726-33).
     "Bouchard (1988)a = Constance Brittain Bouchard, "Patterns of women's names in royal lineages, ninth-eleventh centuries", Medieval Prosopography 9, 1 (1988): 1-32.
     "Flodoard, Annales = Ph. Lauer, ed., Les Annales de Flodoard (Paris, 1905).
     "MGH DD = Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Diplomata series.
     "MGH SRG = Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Scriptores rerum Germanicarum (separate editions).
     "MGH SS = Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Scriptores series.
     "Obit. Sens = Obituaires de la Province de Sens (2 vols. in 3, Paris, 1902-6).
     "Regino, Chronicon = Friedrich Kurze, ed., Reginonis abbatis Prumiensis Chronicon cum continuatione Treverensi (MGH SRG, Hannover, 1890).
     "RHF = Recueil des historiens des Gaules et de la France.
     "Settipani (1993) = Christian Settipani, La préhistoire des Capétiens 481-987 (Première partie - Mérovingiens, Carolingiens et Robertiens) (Villeneuve d'Ascq, 1993).
     "Vajay (1980) = Szabolcs de Vajay, "Comtesses d'origine occitane dans la Marche d'Espagne aux 10e et 11e siècles", Hidalguia 28 (1980): 585-616, 755-788.
     "Vidier (1907) = A. Vidier, "Notices sur des actes d'affranchissement & de précaire concernant Saint-Aignan d'Orléans", Le Moyen Age 20 (1907), 289-317.
     "Werner (1958) = Karl Ferdinand Werner, "Untersuchungen zur Frühzeit des französischen Fürstentums (9.-10. Jahrhundert)", parts I-III, Die Welt als Geschichte 18 (1958): 256-289.
     "Werner (1967) = Karl Ferdinand Werner, "Die Nachkommen Karls des Großen bis um das Jahr 1000 (1.-8. Generation)", Karl der Große 4 (1967): 403-483.
Compiled by Stewart Baldwin
     "The Commentary section owes much to postings of Peter Stewart to the soc.genealogy.medieval/GEN-MEDIEVAL newsgroup/mailing list.
     "First uploaded 26 July 2008.
     "Minor revision uploaded 23 February 2009: added notes on supposed wife Emma and supposed daughter Adélaïde."²²

Reference: Genealogics cites:

; Per Wikipédia (Fr.):
     "Robert Ier (né vers 860 – mort le 15 juin 9231) est élu roi de Francie occidentale en 922. Fils cadet du comte d'Anjou Robert le Fort (vers 815/30–866) et probablement d'Emma de Bourgogne, fille cadette du comte Conrad Ier et d'Adélaïde d'Alsace, il est le frère d'Eudes et le grand-père d'Hugues Capet.
Biographie
     "Son frère Eudes, devenu roi en 888, le nomme à la tête de plusieurs comtés, y compris le comté de Paris et la marche de Neustrie. Robert est également abbé in commendam de plusieurs abbayes. Il ne revendique pas la couronne de France quand son frère meurt en 898, reconnaissant les droits à la succession du roi carolingien, Charles III le Simple, qui, selon Richer de Reims, le confirme « duc de la Gaule celtique » (Neustrie). Il ne semble pas qu'il soit le titulaire du titre de duc des Francs, comme l'est Hugues le Grand en 936. Robert continue à défendre le Nord de la France contre les attaques des Normands. Ainsi le 21 juillet 911, il participe à la bataille qui libère Chartres, défendue par son évêque Jousseaume, du siège normand. Avec l'aide du marquis de Bourgogne Richard et d'Ebles comte de Poitiers, les Normands sont sévèrement battus2, ce qui permet au roi de négocier avec Rollon la sédentarisation des Normands autour de Rouen. L'historien Karl Ferdinand Werner3 souligne l'importance de ce fait d'armes qui stabilise la situation en Neustrie et permet à ses vainqueurs de s'affirmer en défenseurs du royaume.
     "La paix entre Charles III et Robert se prolonge jusqu'en 921 mais le clergé et les nobles s'irritent contre le roi Charles III, proche du comte Haganon, qu'il comble de faveurs (bien qu'il puisse s'agir d'un prétexte politique4).
     "Avec l'appui des nobles les plus puissants, Robert attaque le roi Charles, qui s'enfuit en Lorraine. Robert est alors couronné roi des Francs à Reims par l'archevêque de Sens, Gautier, le dimanche 30 juin 922 en la basilique Saint-Remi. Charles rassemble une armée et marche contre Robert qui, le 15 juin 923, est tué après moins d'un an de règne par Fulbert (ou Faubert, Foubert)5 au cours de la bataille de Soissons. Selon certains comme Adalbert, archevêque de Magdebourg, continuateur de la chronique de Réginon de Prüm, Robert périt de la main même de Charles6.
     "Grâce au courage et au sang-froid du fils de Robert, Hugues le Grand, la victoire finale revient toutefois au clan des Robertiens, empêchant le roi Charles III de récupérer sa couronne. Les grands du royaume élisent alors Raoul, duc de Bourgogne, beau-fils du roi Robert Ier, comme roi des Francs. Il est sacré le 13 juillet 923.
Descendance
     "D'une première épouse nommée Aélis (ou Adèle) du Maine, Robert avait eu :
     "Il épouse ensuite Béatrice de Vermandois, fille d'Herbert Ier, comte de Vermandois, arrière-petite-fille de Bernard, roi d'Italie, lui-même petit-fils de Charlemagne. De ce mariage naissent deux enfants :
Tombeau
     "Robert Ier a été inhumé en l’abbaye Sainte-Colombe fondée par le roi des Francs Clotaire II en 620. Lors de la Révolution, le monastère a été détruit. Sa disparition totale est interrompue en 1842. En 1853, des fouilles entreprises dans la crypte mirent au jour plusieurs sépultures. Aucune d’entre elles ne peut lui être attribuée.
Notes et références
1. éalogie de Robert Ier sur le site Medieval Lands [archive].
2. ) « Robert I | king of France » [archive], sur Encyclopedia Britannica (consulté le 28 février 2020)
3. ner 1992, p. 442.
4. Carlrichard Brühl, Naissance de deux peuples : Français et Allemands, Fayard, 1994, pp. 197-198.
5. on la chronique d'Adémar de Chabannes, écrite une centaine d'années après cet évènement : Histoire [archive] Gallica, image 101 : p. 79, note 3 de bas de page : « Fulbertus Rodbertum regem per medium cerebri dividendo confodit ».
6. uste Alphonse Étienne-Gallois, historien, bibliothécaire du Luxembourg, La Champagne et les derniers Carlovingiens [archive], 1853, p. 67.
Bibliographie
** Notices d'autorité : Fichier d’autorité international virtuelInternational Standard Name IdentifierBibliothèque nationale de France (données)Système universitaire de documentationBibliothèque du CongrèsGemeinsame NormdateiBibliothèque apostolique vaticaneWorldCat
** Carlrichard Brühl (trad. de l'allemand par Gaston Duchet-Suchaux, édition française établie par Olivier Guyotjeannin), Naissance de deux peuples : Français et Allemands, ixe-xie siècle [« Deutschland-Frankreich : die Geburt zweier Völker »], Paris, Fayard, 1995, 387 p. (ISBN 2-213-59344-2, présentation en ligne [archive]).
** Olivier Guillot (dir.) et Robert Favreau (dir.), Pays de Loire et Aquitaine de Robert le Fort aux premiers Capétiens : actes du colloque scientifique international tenu à Angers en septembre 1997, Poitiers, Société des antiquaires de l'Ouest, coll. « Mémoires de la Société des antiquaires de l'Ouest et des musées de Poitiers / 5e » (no 4), 1997, 266 p. (présentation en ligne [archive]), [présentation en ligne [archive]].
** Stéphane Lecouteux, « Le contexte de rédaction des Annales de Flodoard de Reims (919-966) : Partie 1 : une relecture critique du début des Annales à la lumière de travaux récents », Le Moyen Âge, De Boeck, t. 116, no 1,? 2010, p. 51-121 (lire en ligne [archive]).
** Stéphane Lecouteux, « Le contexte de rédaction des Annales de Flodoard de Reims (919-966) : Partie 2 : présentation des résultats de la relecture critique du début des Annales », Le Moyen Âge, De Boeck, t. 116, no 2,? 2010, p. 283-318 (lire en ligne [archive]).
** Karl Ferdinand Werner (sous la direction de Jean Favier), Histoire de France, t. 1 : Les origines : avant l'an mil, Paris, Librairie générale française, coll. « Références » (no 2936), 1992 (1re éd. 1984, Fayard), 635 p. (ISBN 2-253-06203-0).
** Karl Ferdinand Werner (trad. Bruno Saint-Sorny, préf. Olivier Guillot, postface Michel Parisse), Enquêtes sur les premiers temps du principat français (ixe?–?xe siècles), Ostfildern, Jan Thorbecke Verlag, coll. « Instrumenta » (no 14), 2004, 336 p. (ISBN 3-7995-7914-1, présentation en ligne [archive], lire en ligne [archive])."²³ He was Count of Poitiers.²¹

; Per Wikipedia:
     "Robert I of France (c. 866 – June 15, 923) was the elected King of West Francia from 922 to 923. Before his election to the throne he was Count of Poitiers, Count of Paris and Marquis of Neustria and Orléans. He succeeded the overthrown Carolingian king Charles the Simple, who in 898 had succeeded Robert's brother, king Odo.
Life
     "Robert was born in 866 as the posthumous son of Robert the Strong, count of Anjou, and the brother of Odo, who was elected king of West Francia in 888.[1] In time West Francia evolved into the Kingdom of France;[2] and under Odo, the royal capital was fixed in Paris. Robert and Odo came from the Robertian dynasty out of which the Capetian dynasty grew.[3]
     "In 885 Robert participated in the defence of Paris during the Viking siege of Paris.[4] He was appointed by Odo as the ruler of several counties, including the county of Paris, and abbot in commendam of many abbeys. Robert also secured the office of Dux Francorum, a military dignity of high importance.
     "He did not claim the crown of West Francia when his brother died in 898; instead recognizing the supremacy of the Carolingian king, Charles the Simple. Charles then confirmed Robert in his offices and possessions, after which he continued to defend northern Francia from the attacks of Vikings. Robert defeated a large band of Vikings in the Loire Valley in 921, after which the defeated invaders converted to Christianity and settled near Nantes.[5]
King
     "The peace between King Charles the Simple and his powerful vassal was not seriously disturbed until about 921 when Charles' favoritism towards Hagano aroused rebellion. Supported by many of the clergy and by some of the most powerful of the Frankish nobles, Robert took up arms, drove Charles into Lotharingia, and was himself crowned king of the Franks (rex Francorum) at Rheims on 29 June 922.[6]
     "Robert's rule was contested by the Viking leader Rollo, who had settled in the Duchy of Normandy in 911 with the permission of Charles the Simple. During Robert's reign, Rollo remained loyal to Charles, who continued to contest his deposition.[5] Gathering an army, Charles marched against Robert, and on 15 June 923 at the Battle of Soissons Robert was killed. However, his army won the battle and Charles was captured.[7] Charles remained a captive until his death in 929. Robert was succeeded as king by his son-in-law Rudolph, Count of Burgundy, also known as Raoul.[8]
Family
     "Robert's first wife was Aelis.[9] By her, he had:
     "Robert married for the second time c.?890 to Béatrice of Vermandois, daughter of Herbert I of Vermandois.[1] Together they had:
References
1. Detlev Schwennicke, Europäische Stammtafeln: Stammtafeln zur Geschichte der Europäischen Staaten, Neue Folge, Band II (Marburg, Germany: Verlag von J. A. Stargardt, 1984), Tafel 10
2. Colin Jones, The Cambridge Illustrated History of France (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005), p. 74
3. Jim Bradbury, The Capetians: kings of France, 987–1328 (London: Hambledon Continuum, 2007), p. 34
4. Robert F. Berkhofer, Day of Reckoning: Power and Accountability in Medieval France (Philadelphia, Pa. University of Pennsylvania Press 2004). p. 29
5. Roger Collins, Early Medieval Europe, 300–1000, Second Edition (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1999), pp. 376–7
6. The Annals of Flodoard of Reims, 916–966, eds & trans. Steven Fanning: Bernard S. Bachrach (New York; Ontario, Can: University of Toronto Press, 2011), pp. 6–7
7. The Annals of Flodoard of Reims, 916–966, eds & trans. Steven Fanning: Bernard S. Bachrach (New York; Ontario, Can: University of Toronto Press, 2011), pp. 7–8
8. Roger Collins, Early Medieval Europe, 300–1000, Second Edition (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1999), p. 361
9. The Annals of Flodoard of Reims, 916–966, eds & trans. Steven Fanning: Bernard S. Bachrach (New York; Ontario, Can: University of Toronto Press, 2011), p. 92
10. Detlev Schwennicke, Europäische Stammtafeln: Stammtafeln zur Geschichte der Europäischen Staaten, Neue Folge, Band III Teilband 1 (Marburg, Germany: J. A. Stargardt, 1984), Tafel 49
11. The Annals of Flodoard of Reims, 916–966, eds & trans. Steven Fanning: Bernard S. Bachrach (New York; Ontario, Can: University of Toronto Press, 2011), pp. 21 n. 77, 92
12. Detlev Schwennicke, Europäische Stammtafeln: Stammtafeln zur Geschichte der Europäischen Staaten, Neue Folge, Band II (Marburg, Germany: Verlag von J. A. Stargardt, 1984), Tafel 11
** This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Robert I., king of France". Encyclopædia Britannica. 23 (11th ed.) Cambridge University Press. p. 399."¹⁹ He was Marquis (Markgraf) of Neustria and Orleans.^21,3

; Per Med Lands:
     "ROBERT, son of ROBERT "le Fort" Comte [de Tours], Marquis en Neustrie & his [second] wife --- ([860]-killed in battle near Soissons 15 Jun 923). "Rodbertum fratrem Odonis regis" is named in the Cartulaire de Saint-Bertin[65]. He was installed as lay abbot of Marmoutier on the death of Hugues l’Abbé in 886[66]. He succeeded his brother in 888 as Marquis en Neustrie, and probably also as Comte de Paris, d'Orléans et de Tours. After his brother King Eudes captured Poitou in 893, he installed Robert as Comte de Poitou but the latter was expelled by Adémar, son of Comte Emenon[67]. Abbot of Saint-Martin de Tours: "Robert abbé de Saint-Martin" confirmed possessions of Saint-Martin de Tours by charter dated 30 Aug 894[68]. Eudes King of France granted the abbey of Saint-Hilaire de Poitiers to the bishop of Poitiers, at the request of "marchiones…Hrobertus…atque Ademarus", by charter dated to [894][69]. After the death of his brother in 898, Robert supported Charles III King of France who seems to have confirmed Robert's position in Neustrie. “Rotbertus...beati Martini abba...et comes” restored “cellulæ...Sancti Clementis”, previously donated by “predecessor noster domnus Odo germanus noster...tunc abbas deinde Francorum rex”, to Saint-Martin by charter dated 13 Sep 900, subscribed by “...Attonis vicecomitis, Guarnegaudi vicecomitis, Fulconis vicecomitis, Rainaldi vicecomitis...”[70]. He rebelled against the king in 922, triggered by the confiscation of the monastery of Chelles by King Charles from Rothilde (who was the mother-in-law of Robert's son Hugues) in favour of his favourite Haganon. He was elected ROBERT I King of France 22 Jun 922, consecrated at Reims by Gauthier Archbishop of Sens. Flodoard records in 922 that "Franci" elected “Rotbertum seniorem” who was invested “Remis apud Sanctum Remigium ab episcopis et primatibus regni”[71]. King Robert was killed fighting ex-King Charles, although his forces won the battle: Flodoard records in 923 that "Karolus cum suis Lothariensibus" crossed “Mosam...ad Atiniacum...et...super Axonam” where he lost the battle near Soissons in which “Rotbertus...rex” was killed[72]. The necrology of Chartres cathedral records the death "XVII Kal Jul" of "Rotbertus rex"[73]. The necrology of the abbey of Saint-Magloire records the death "XVII Kal Jul" of "Robertus rex"[74]. The necrology of Auxerre cathedral records that "Rotbertus rex" was killed in battle 15 Jun[75].
     "m firstly ---. The name of Robert's first wife is not known. However, as King Robert's known wife Béatrix de Vermandois could not have been the mother of his daughter Adela (married to the brother of Béatrix) it is assumed that this earlier marriage is correct. According to Europäische Stammtafeln[76], Robert's first wife was named AELIS. This may be based on the 21 May 907 donation of Rebais abbey to the church of Paris which refers to "comitis Rotberti et Adele comitisse"[77]. However, as shown below, this is more likely to refer to Robert and his daughter than to his wife.
     "m secondly ([897]) BEATRIX de Vermandois, daughter of HERIBERT [I] Comte de Vermandois & his wife --- ([880/83]-after 26 Mar 931). The Historia Francorum Senonensis records that "sororem Herberti" was the wife of "Robertus princeps" who rebelled against Charles III "le Simple" King of the West Franks[78]. Guillaume of Jumièges records that “Rodbertus dux” married “sororem Herberti” by whom he had “Hugonem Magnum”[79]. "Hugo rector Abbatiæ sancti Martini" names "genitoris nostri Rotberti quondam regis ac genitricis nostræ domnæ Beatricis" in his charter dated 26 Mar 931[80]. The marriage date is estimated by Werner on the assumption that the marriage accompanied the political reconciliation between Beatrix's father and Robert's uncle[81]. If the 907 donation mentioned above in fact refers to Robert's first wife, his marriage to Beatrix would of course have taken place after that date."
Med lands cites:

; Per Racines et Histoire (Vermandois): “Béatrice de Vermandois ° 880 + après 03/931
     ép.890 Robert 1er Roi de France ° 866 + 15/06/923”.²⁴

; Per Med Lands:
     "BEATRIX de Vermandois ([880/83]-after 26 Mar 931). None of the sources so far consulted state explicitly that Heribert [II] and his sister Beatrix were the children of Heribert [I] but this looks probable. Her birth date range is estimated from her eldest daughter giving birth to her own first child in [915]. The Historia Francorum Senonensis records that "sororem Herberti" was the wife of "Robertus princeps" who rebelled against Charles III "le Simple" King of the West Franks[190]. Guillaume of Jumièges records that “Rodbertus dux” married “sororem Herberti” by whom he had “Hugonem Magnum”[191]. The marriage may have been arranged to confirm her father's reconciliation with Eudes King of France, who was her husband's uncle[192]. Werner suggests [897] as the date of the marriage, on the assumption that it followed the political reconciliation between Béatrix's father and Robert's uncle[193]. As discussed in relation to Robert's first marriage in the document FRANCE CAPETIAN KINGS, there is a possibility that Robert's first wife was still alive in 907, which would of course mean that Béatrix's marriage took place after that date.
     "m ([897]) as his second wife, ROBERT Marquis en Neustrie, son of ROBERT “le Fort” Marquis en Neustrie & his [second] wife --- ([860]-killed in battle near Soissons 15 Jun 923). Comte de Paris 898. He was elected 22 Jun 922 as ROBERT I King of France."
Med Lands cites:

; Per Genealogy.EU (): “C4. [2m.] Cte Robert I of Paris (892-893), King of France (922-923), *866, +k.a.nr Soissons 15.6.923; 1m: Aelis N (+before 931); 2m: ca 890 Beatrix de Vermandois (*880 +after III.931)”


Per Genealogy.EU (): “E1. Beatrix de Vermandois, *880, +after III.931; m.King Robert I of France (*866 +15.6.923)”.^11,13 He was Count of Paris between 892 and 893.^21,2 He was King of the West Franks between 922 and 923.^21,2

     Saint Mathilde von Ringelheim Countess von Ringelheim, Queen of Germany was born circa 890 at Villa of Engern, Kreis Herford, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany (now); Weis [AR7] says b. ca 890; Genealogy.EU (Liudolfer page) says b. 875; Genealogics says b. ca 890/895; Catholic Encyclopedia and The Henry Project say b. ca 895; Med Lands says b. 896.^8,1,9,6,7,2 She married Heinrich I "der Vogelsteller/The Fowler/l'Oiseleur" (?) Emperor of Germany, Duke of Saxony, Brunswick and Zelle, son of Otto I "der Erlauchte/The Illustrious" (?) Herzog von Sachsen, Ct of Thuringia and Hedwige/Hadwiga "Edith" von Babenberg Duchess of Saxony, in 909 at Walhausen, Germany (now),
; Charlemagne Desc. Vol. I says m. 911; Genealogy.EU (Liudolfer page) and Genealogics say m. 909.^{10,1,9,11,12,6,7,2}
Saint Mathilde von Ringelheim Countess von Ringelheim, Queen of Germany died on 14 March 968 at Quedlinburg, Landkreis Harz, Sachsen-Anhalt, Germany; Weis [AR7] says d. 14 Mar 968; Genealogy.EU (Liudolfer page) says d. 968; Leo van de Pas says d. 968.^{8,13,1,9,6,7,2}
Saint Mathilde von Ringelheim Countess von Ringelheim, Queen of Germany was buried after 14 March 968 at Stiftskirche Saint Servatius, Quedlinburg, Landkreis Harz, Sachsen-Anhalt, Germany; From Find A Grave:
     BIRTH     895, Enger, Kreis Herford, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany
     DEATH     14 Mar 968 (aged 72–73), Quedlinburg, Landkreis Harz, Sachsen-Anhalt, Germany
     German Queen and Saint. She was raised at the convent of Herfort where her grandmother was the abbess. In 909 she married duke Heinrich of Saxony and gave birth to three boys and two girls. She was crowned queen together with her husband in 919. After his death she retired to her dowager territories. She supported her younger sons claims for the throne when he rebelled against his older brother Otto. Heinrich was unable to find enough supporters among the nobles and was later defeated. Due to her intercession he received the title of Duke of Bavaria later anyway. She founded the monasteries in Pölde, Engern and Nordhausen and spent her live almsgiving. She led the monastery of Quedlinburg that she had also founded as her husbands burial place for more than 30 years. She was succeeded by her granddaughter as abbess. Soon after her death she was venerated as a saint. She's portrayed as almsgiving queen and her feast day is celebrated on March 14. Bio by: Lutetia
     Family Members
     Spouse
          Heinrich I of Germany 876–936
     Children
          Hedwig of Saxony
          Otto I The Great 912–973
          Gerberga of Saxony 913–969
          Heinrich I von Bayern 920–955
          Bruno 925–965
     BURIAL     Stiftskirche Saint Servatius, Quedlinburg, Landkreis Harz, Sachsen-Anhalt, Germany
     Maintained by: Find a Grave
     Originally Created by: Lutetia
     Added: 15 Jul 2006
     Find a Grave Memorial 14938869.^14,2
      ; Per Weis: “Henry I, "the Fowler" (147-18), b. 876, d. Memleben, 2 July 936, Duke of Saxony, King of the Saxons 912-936; m. (2) 909 Mechtilde of ringelheim, b. abt. 896, d. 14 March 968, dau. of dietrich, Vount of Ringelheim. (ES I.1/10; CCN, 495).”.¹⁵
; Per Med Lands:
     "HEINRICH, son of OTTO "der Erlauchte" Graf [im Südthüringau] & his wife Hedwig [Babenberg] ([876]-Memleben[142] 2 Jul 936, bur Quedlinburg Stiftskirche). Thietmar records that Heinrich was "born of the noble lineage of Otto and Hadwig"[143]. According to the Annalista Saxo, he was son of the unnamed sister of Adalbert [Babenberg], with whom he and his brothers fought against the Konradiner family, his complete parentage being recorded in a later passage[144]. He was elected as HEINRICH I "der Vogelsteller/the Fowler" King of Germany at Fritzlar 6 May 919, but Thietmar reports that he refused unction offered by Heriger Archbishop of Mainz[145]. King Heinrich re-established Saxon domination over the Slavs after successful campaigns against the Hevelli in 928 and against the Daleminzi and Bohemians in 929[146]. Thietmar records that he founded Meissen in [928/29][147], and defeated "Knud I" King of Denmark[148]. Widukind records that he defeated the Magyars at the battle of Riade near Merseburg in 933, their first major setback in their raids on western Europe[149]. The necrology of Fulda records the death "936 Kal Iul" of "Heinrih rex"[150]. Thietmar records the death of King Heinrich 2 Jul 936 at Memleben "in the…sixtieth year of his life" and his burial at Quedlinburg "which he himself had constructed from the ground up"[151]. The necrology of Merseburg records the death "2 Jul" of "Heinricus rex pater magni Oddonis"[152].
     "m firstly (906, divorced 909) as her second husband, HATHEBURG, widow of ---, daughter of EBERWIN & his wife ---. Thietmar names Hatheburg as daughter of "lord Erwin", specifying that she was widowed (without naming her first husband), when recording her marriage to Heinrich[153]. Widukind records the mother of "Thancmari" as "filia materteræ Sigifridi"[154]. She had become a nun after the death of her first husband, which presumably provided the reason for "the outrage perpetrated through this marriage" and the basis for the couple's separation which is not explicitly expressed as such by Thietmar[155].
     "m secondly (Wallhausen 909) MATHILDE, daughter of Graf THEODERICH [Immedinger] & his wife Reginlind --- ([896]-Quedlinburg 14 Mar 968, bur Quedlinburg Stiftskirche). Widukind names "Mahthilda" as wife of King Heinrich, also naming her father and three brothers[156]. Thietmar names Mathilde as daughter of "Dietrich and Reinhild" when recording her marriage to Heinrich, specifying the was "a descendant of the lineage of King Widukind"[157]. Her alleged descent from Widukind is also referred to in the Vita Mahthildis[158]. Thietmar records that Quedlinburg was bestowed on Mathilde as part of her dower 16 Sep 929[159], and that she established the convent there thirty days after the death of her husband[160]. She played an active part in encouraging the rebellion of her son Heinrich in 939 and was included in the reconciliation of 941[161]. Lay Abbess of Nivelles. Thietmar records the death of Queen Mathilde on 14 Mar, without specifying the year[162]. The necrology of Fulda records the death "968 2 Id Mar" of "Mahthild regina"[163]."
Med Lands cites:
; Per Genealogy.EU (Liudolfing): “B1. Duke Heinrich I "der Vogelsteller" of Saxony (912-936), King of Germany (919-936), *875, +Memleben 2.7.936; 1m: Hatheberge N; 2m: 909 *[4347] St. Mathilde von Ringelheim (Westfalen) (*877 +968), dau. of Theoderich Gf von Ringelheim”.¹⁶

Reference: Genealogics cites:

; Per Catholic Enc.:
     "St. Matilda - Queen of Germany, wife of King Henry I (The Fowler), b. at the Villa of Engern in Westphalia, about 895; d. at Quedlinburg, 14 March, 968. She was brought up at the monastery of Erfurt. Henry, whose marriage to a young widow, named Hathburg, had been declared invalid, asked for Matilda's hand, and married her in 909 at Walhausen, which he presented to her as a dowry. Matilda became the mother of: Otto I, Emperor of Germany; Henry, Duke of Bavaria; St. Bruno, Archbishop of Cologne; Gerberga, who married Louis IV of France; Hedwig, the mother of Hugh Capet. In 912 Matilda's husband succeeded his father as Duke of Saxony, and in 918 he was chosen to succeed King Conrad of Germany. As queen, Matilda was humble, pious, and generous, and was always ready to help the oppressed and unfortunate. She wielded a wholesome influence over the king. After a reign of seventeen years, he died in 936. He bequeathed to her all his possessions in Quedlinburg, Poehlden, Nordhausen, Grona, and Duderstadt.
     "It was the king's wish that his eldest son, Otto, should succeed him. Matilda wanted her favourite son Henry on the royal throne. On the plea that he was the first-born son after his father became king, she induced a few nobles to cast their vote for him, but Otto was elected and crowned king on 8 August, 936. Three years later Henry revolted against his brother Otto, but, being unable to wrest the royal crown from him, submitted, and upon the intercession of Matilda was made Duke of Bavaria. Soon, however, the two brothers joined in persecuting their mother, whom they accused of having impoverished the crown by her lavish almsgiving. To satisfy them, she renounced the possessions the deceased king had bequeathed to her, and retired to her villa at Engern in Westphalia. But afterwards, when misfortune overtook her sons, Matilda was called back to the palace, and both Otto and Henry implored her pardon.
     "Matilda built many churches, and founded or supported numerous monasteries. Her chief foundations were the monasteries at Quedlinburg, Nordhausen, Engern, and Poehlden. She spent many days at these monasteries and was especially fond of Nordhausen. She died at the convents of Sts. Servatius and Dionysius at Quedlinburg, and was buried there by the side of her husband. She was venerated as a saint immediately after her death. Her feast is celebrated on 14 March.
     "Two old Lives of Matilda are extant; one, Vita antiquior, written in the monastery of Nordhausen and dedicated to the Emperor Otto II; edited by KOEPKE in Mon. Germ. Script., X, 575-582, and reprinted in MIGNE, P.L., CLI, 1313-26. The other, Vita Mahtildis reginae, written by order of the Emperor Henry II, is printed in mon. Germ. Script., IV, 283-302, and in MIGNE, P.L., CXXXV, 889-9220. CLARUS, Die heilige Mathilde, ihr Gemahl Heinrich I, und ihre Sohne Otto I, Heinrich und Bruno (Munster, 1867); SCHWARZ, Die heilige Mathilde, Gemahlin Heinrichs I. Konigs von Deutschland (Ratisbon, 1846); Acta SS., March, II, 351-65.
MICHAEL T. OTT, Transcribed by Michael T. Barrett, Dedicated to Hester Matilda Laird
The Catholic Encyclopedia, Volume X, Copyright © 1911 by Robert Appleton Company, Online Edition Copyright © 2003 by K. Knight, Nihil Obstat, October 1, 1911. Remy Lafort, S.T.D., Censor, Imprimatur. +John Cardinal Farley, Archbishop of New York“.⁹

; This is the same person as ”Matilda of Ringelheim” at Wikipedia and as ”Mathilde (Heilige)” at Wikipedia (DE).

This is also the same person as ”Mathilde” at The Henry Project.^17,18,7 Saint Mathilde von Ringelheim Countess von Ringelheim, Queen of Germany was also known as Queen MechtildeMatilda of Oldenburg Countess von Ringelheim, Queen of Germany.⁶ GAV-31 EDV-29 GKJ-30.

; Per Genealogics:
     “Mathilde was born about 890/895 at Engern in Westphalia, daughter of Dietrich, Graf von Ingelheim, and his wife Reginhild Ludmilla. Chroniclers say that Mathilde was a descendant of Wittekind, duke of Saxony. In 909 she married Heinrich, duke of Saxony, and they had five children, of whom four would have progeny. In 919 her husband was elected as Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire and became known as Heinrich 'the Fowler'. She was a widow for thirty-two years, during which she suffered ill treatment from her son Otto, provoked by her favouring another son, Heinrich, called 'the Quarrelsome'. However Heinrich too showed himself ungrateful to her. Both complained among other things of their mother's liberality to the poor and to the Church but she bore their complaints patiently. She died on 14 March 968, having built a great reputation for goodness among the people.”.⁶

; Per Med Lands:
     "MATHILDE ([896]-Quedlinburg 14 Mar 968, bur Quedlinburg Stiftskirche). Widukind names "Mahthilda" as wife of King Heinrich, also naming her father and three brothers[58]. Thietmar names Mathilde as daughter of "Dietrich and Reinhild" when recording her marriage to Heinrich, and specifies that she was "a descendant of the lineage of King Widukind"[59]. Her alleged descent from Widukind is also referred to in the Vita Mahthildis[60]. Thietmar records that Quedlinburg was bestowed on Mathilde as part of her dower 16 Sep 929[61], and that she established the convent there thirty days after the death of her husband[62]. Lay Abbess of Nivelles. The necrology of Fulda records the death "968 II Id Mar" of "Mahthild regina"[63].
     "m (Wallhausen 909) as his second wife, HEINRICH Graf, son of OTTO "der Erlauchte" Graf im Südthüringau & his wife Hedwig [Babenberg] ([876]-Memleben 2 Jul 936, bur Quedlinburg Stiftskirche). He was elected as HEINRICH I "der Vogelsteller/the Fowler" King of Germany at Fritzlar 6 May 919."
Med Lands cites:
; The Wikipedia (De.) article on the Immedinger family (descendants of Widukind) shows the following descent:
1. Widukind (erwähnt 777, 789), auch Witekind, Herzog der Westfalen (Sachsen) ? Geva (wahrscheinlich Geva Eysteinsdotter geb. 755 in Jütland † 807)