Person Page - 178

     Louis IX "Saint Louis" (?) King of France was born on 25 April 1215 at Chateau de Poissy, Poissy, Departement des Yvelines, Île-de-France, France (now).^{2,4,9,3,10,6,11,12} He married Marguerite (?) de Provence, Queen of France, daughter of Raymond V Berenger (?) Comte de Provence & Forcalquier and Beatrix/Béatrice (?) Countess of Savoy, on 27 May 1234 at Cathedral of St Etienne, Sens, Departement de l"Yvonne, Bourgogne, France (now).^{2,13,4,9,3,14,6,15,12}

Louis IX "Saint Louis" (?) King of France died on 25 August 1270 at Carthage, near Tunis, Tunisia, at age 55; Per Wikipedia: "died in an epidemic of dysentery that swept his army."^{4,9,2,10,11,12}
Louis IX "Saint Louis" (?) King of France was buried after 25 August 1270 at Basilique Saint-Denis (his bones), Saint-Denis, Departement de Seine-Saint-Denis, Île-de-France, France; From Find A Grave:
     BIRTH     25 Apr 1214, Poissy, Departement des Yvelines, Île-de-France, France
     DEATH     25 Aug 1270 (aged 56), Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
     French Monarch. A native of Poissy, Louis IX served as king of France between 1226 and his death. A renowned patron of arts, he married Margaret of Provence in 1234 and fathered eleven children. Passing away in Carthage during the second crusade, probably of dysentery, his body was successively boiled so that the bones could be transported hygienically from distant lands back home. Some of his entrails are said to have been buried directly on the spot in what is now Tunisia, where the so called 'Tomb of Saint-Louis' can still be visited to this day. His heart and other entrails were sealed in an urn and placed inside the cathedral of Monreale, Sicily, while his bones were laid to rest at the Basilique Saint-Denis in his native France. The latter, along with its magnificent monument, was destroyed during the French Revolution. Pope Boniface VIII canonized Louis in 1297. He remains the only French king to be declared a saint. This location contains an urn consisting his heart and entrails only. Bio by: Eman Bonnici
     Family Members
     Parents
          Louis VIII Capet, King of France 1187–1226
          Blanche de Castile 1188–1252
     Spouse
          Marguerite de Provence 1221–1295
     Siblings
          Philippe de France 1209–1218
          Robert I d'Artois 1216–1250
          Alphonse III de Poitiers 1220–1271
          Philippe Dagobert de France 1222–1232
          Isabelle of France 1225–1270
          Charles of Anjou 1226–1285
          Charles of Anjou 1226–1285
     Children
          Blanche de France 1240–1243
          Isabelle de France 1241–1271
          Louis of France 1243–1260
          Philippe III of France 1245–1285
          Jean de France 1247–1248
          Jean de France 1250–1270
          Pierre d'Alencon 1251–1284
          Blanche de France 1253–1320
          Marguerite de France 1255–1271
          Robert de Clermont 1256–1317
          Agnes de France 1260–1325
     BURIAL     Saint Denis Basilique, Saint-Denis, Departement de Seine-Saint-Denis, Île-de-France, France
     Maintained by: Find A Grave
     Added: 2 Apr 2001
     Find A Grave Memorial 21091.^2,16
Louis IX "Saint Louis" (?) King of France was buried after 25 August 1270 at Duomo di Monreale (his heart), Monreale, Città Metropolitana di Palermo, Sicilia, Italy; From Find A Grave:
     BIRTH     25 Apr 1214, Poissy, Departement des Yvelines, Île-de-France, France
     DEATH     25 Aug 1270 (aged 56), Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
     French Monarch. A native of Poissy, Louis IX served as king of France between 1226 and his death. A renowned patron of arts, he married Margaret of Provence in 1234 and fathered eleven children. Passing away in Carthage during the second crusade, probably of dysentery, his body was successively boiled so that the bones could be transported hygienically from distant lands back home. Some of his entrails are said to have been buried directly on the spot in what is now Tunisia, where the so called 'Tomb of Saint-Louis' can still be visited to this day. His heart and other entrails were sealed in an urn and placed inside the cathedral of Monreale, Sicily, while his bones were laid to rest at the Basilique Saint-Denis in his native France. The latter, along with its magnificent monument, was destroyed during the French Revolution. Pope Boniface VIII canonized Louis in 1297. He remains the only French king to be declared a saint. This location contains an urn consisting his heart and entrails only. Bio by: Eman Bonnici
     Family Members
     Spouse
          Marguerite de Provence 1221–1295 (m. 1234)
     BURIAL     Cathedral of Monreale, Monreale, Città Metropolitana di Palermo, Sicilia, Italy
     PLOT     North of the Choir
     Maintained by: Find A Grave
     Originally Created by: Eman Bonnici
     Added: 1 Aug 2012
     Find A Grave Memorial 94637859.¹⁰
     He was Crusader.¹⁷

Reference: Genealogics cites:

; Per Genealogics:
     "Louis IX, king of France, was born at Poissy on 25 April 1214, the son of Louis VIII, king of France, and Blanche of Castile. He was twelve years old when he became king on the death of his father, although his right of succession was at first disputed. However his formidable mother, the queen-regent, twice had to take up arms to defeat rebellious nobles. In 1234 Louis married Marguerite de Provence, daughter of Raimund Berengar V, comte de Provence, and Beatrice de Savoie. In 1236 he took over the reins of government.
     "However, Blanche of Castile was reluctant to let go of power, and because of this, Louis IX treated her with extravagant respect. She was also jealous of Marguerite de Provence, and in the first years of their married life she tried to keep Louis and Marguerite apart. Nevertheless Louis proved to be the stronger character, and even though he put up with his mother's caprices he had his way in essential matters.
     "Louis IX and Marguerite had nine children, of whom three sons and three daughters would have progeny. Marguerite also wanted to interfere in politics but in these matters Louis IX kept her at arm's length, though he took her with him on his first crusade. Louis IX was a very handsome man, tall and elegant, and his people noted his mild and kind look. Early in the morning he would leave the palace to distribute money to the poor as anonymously as possible. At midnight he would hear mass for the dead. On Fridays he neither indulged any frivolity nor, in memory of Christ's the crown of thorns, wore a hat; and like most monarchs he washed the feet of the poor.
     "His dress was almost like a monk's. One day his wife reproached him for not wearing more regal dress. He responded that each spouse had to please the other and so he would dress more richly to please her, but then she would have to please him by disposing of her rich dresses. Always self-confident, he loved to sing and jest with his companions, and was so strong of will that most men feared him.
     "In 1248 he went on crusade accompanied by his wife and two brothers. In 1249 he took Damietta on the mouth of the Nile and should have continued on to take Cairo. However he stayed to pray while his crusaders enjoyed the fleshpots of the Near East.
     "The sultan was then able to bring reinforcements, and when Louis and his army marched to Cairo they were cut off from Damietta and no food could reach the French. Louis and his army suffered from dysentery and finally had to surrender to the Muslims, although in Damietta the queen and her force still held out.
     "Louis IX was led around in triumph. However the Egyptians felt embarrassed at having so many prisoners At night they were taken to the Nile in groups of three or four hundred, where their heads were cut off and they were thrown into the river. Louis IX and those nobles still alive were ransomed and returned to the queen in Damietta, which had to be returned to the Muslims. After this disaster Louis stayed two more years in Palestine, but he remained unsuccessful as no support was offered from Europe, which had lost the taste for crusades. Back in France he won victories over the English at Taillebourg and Saintes. To the surprise of Europe, the victorious king gave back three provinces of France to Henry III, stating that there should be peace and amity between Christians. However he demanded that the English king should pay him homage and abandon all claims to the throne of France.
     "In the summer of 1270 Louis IX set out for another crusade. As he believed the Bey of Tunis intended to become a Christian, he thought it would be a friendly visit. More probably he was induced to go to Tunis by his brother Charles of Anjou, king of Sicily, who wanted to stop the pirates using Tunis as their base.
     "Some people regarded the whole expedition as a sin as the kingdom was at peace with all its neighbours, including Tunis. Another reason was Louis IX's physical condition; he could not bear to be carried or to ride on horseback. He landed at Carthage in mid-summer when the pest was raging in Tunisia. After a victorious fight before the walls of Tunis, the French army was immobilised by the disease, and on 25 August 1270 the king died of it."⁶

; Per Wikipedia:
     "Louis IX (25 April 1214 – 25 August 1270), commonly known as Saint Louis, was the only King of France to be canonized in the Catholic Church. Louis was crowned in Reims at the age of 12, following the death of his father Louis VIII; his mother, Blanche of Castile, ruled the kingdom as regent until he reached maturity. During Louis' childhood, Blanche dealt with the opposition of rebellious vassals and obtained a definitive victory in the Albigensian Crusade which had started 20 years earlier.
     "As an adult, Louis IX faced recurring conflicts with some of the most-powerful nobles, such as Hugh X of Lusignan and Peter of Dreux. Simultaneously, Henry III of England tried to restore his continental possessions, but was utterly defeated at the battle of Taillebourg. His reign saw the annexation of several provinces, notably parts of Aquitaine, Maine and Provence.
     "Louis IX was a reformer and developed French royal justice, in which the king was the supreme judge to whom anyone could appeal to seek the amendment of a judgment. He banned trials by ordeal, tried to prevent the private wars that were plaguing the country, and introduced the presumption of innocence in criminal procedure. To enforce the application of this new legal system, Louis IX created provosts and bailiffs.
     "Following a vow he made after a serious illness and confirmed after a miraculous cure, Louis IX took an active part in the Seventh and Eighth Crusades. He died from dysentery during the latter crusade, and was succeeded by his son Philip III.
     "Louis's actions were inspired by Christian zeal and Catholic devotion. He decided to severely punish blasphemy (for which he set the punishment to mutilation of the tongue and lips),[1] gambling, interest-bearing loans and prostitution. He spent exorbitant sums on presumed relics of Christ, for which he built the Sainte-Chapelle. He expanded the scope of the Inquisition and ordered the burning of Talmuds and other Jewish books. He is the only canonized king of France, and there are consequently many places named after him.
Sources
     "Much of what is known of Louis's life comes from Jean de Joinville's famous Life of Saint Louis. Joinville was a close friend, confidant, and counselor to the king, and he also participated as a witness in the papal inquest into Louis' life that ended with his canonisation in 1297 by Pope Boniface VIII.
     "Two other important biographies were written by the king's confessor, Geoffrey of Beaulieu, and his chaplain, William of Chartres. While several individuals wrote biographies in the decades following the king's death, only Jean of Joinville, Geoffrey of Beaulieu, and William of Chartres wrote from personal knowledge of the king, and all three are biased favorably to the king. The fourth important source of information is William of Saint-Parthus' 19th century biography,[2] which he wrote using the papal inquest mentioned above.
Early life
     "Louis was born on 25 April 1214 at Poissy, near Paris, the son of Louis the Lion and Blanche of Castile, and baptised in La Collégiale Notre-Dame church. His grandfather on his father's side was Philip II, king of France; while his grandfather on his mother's side was Alfonso VIII, king of Castile. Tutors of Blanche's choosing taught him most of what a king must know—Latin, public speaking, writing, military arts, and government.[3] He was nine years old when his grandfather Philip II died and his father ascended as Louis VIII.[4] Louis was 12 years old when his father died on 8 November 1226. He was crowned king within the month at Reims Cathedral. Because of Louis's youth, his mother ruled France as regent during his minority.[5]
     "Louis' mother trained him to be a great leader and a good Christian. She used to say:[6]
     "His younger brother Charles I of Sicily (1227–85) was created count of Anjou, thus founding the Capetian Angevin dynasty.
     "No date is given for the beginning of Louis's personal rule. His contemporaries viewed his reign as co-rule between the king and his mother, though historians generally view the year 1234 as the year in which Louis began ruling personally, with his mother assuming a more advisory role.[7] She continued to have a strong influence on the king until her death in 1252.[5][8]
Marriage
     "On 27 May 1234, Louis married Margaret of Provence (1221 – 21 December 1295) and she was crowned in the cathedral of Sens the next day.[9] Louis's marriage had political connections, his wife was sister to Eleanor, later the wife of Henry III of England. The new queen's religious zeal made her a well suited partner for the king. He enjoyed her company, and was pleased to show her the many public works he was making in Paris, both for its defence and for its health. They enjoyed riding together, reading, and listening to music. This attention raised a certain amount of jealousy in his mother, who tried to keep them apart as much as she could.[10]
Disputation of Paris
     "In the 1230s, Nicholas Donin, a Jewish convert to Christianity, translated the Talmud and pressed 35 charges against it to Pope Gregory IX by quoting a series of passages about Jesus, Mary or Christianity that he considered blasphemous. There is a Talmudic passage, for example, where Jesus of Nazareth is sent to Hell to be boiled in excrement for eternity. Donin also selected an injunction of the Talmud that permits Jews to kill non-Jews.[citation needed] This led to the Disputation of Paris, which took place in 1240 at the court of Louis IX, where rabbi Yechiel of Paris defended the Talmud against the accusations of Nicholas Donin. The translation of the Talmud from Judeo Aramaic to a language that non-Jews could understand was seen by Jews as a profound violation. The disputation led to the condemnation of the Talmud and the burning of thousands of copies.[11]
Saintonge War
     "After King Louis VIII of France had left Poitiers to his youngest son Alphonse de Poitiers in his will, years later, King Louis finally handed it over to his brother in June 1241. The Saintonge War began when the house of Lusignan insulted the new count by refusing allegiance at his palace. When Alphonse called for aid, to punish the Lusignans, King Louis answered the call. In April 1242, they assembled at Chinon and marched out. King Henry sent letters to King Louis in order to deceive him, but the French king showed fortitude and pressed on. He would make the English King pay for his insolence at the battle of Taillebourg on 21 July 1242. The war officially ended when King Louis seized Saintes the following day.
     "The English tried various other ploys, but those also failed. By 1 August 1242, a truce was signed and agreed on because the French king had planned a crusading expedition and wanted to gain support from his French subjects.
Crusading
     "When Louis was 15, his mother brought an end to the Albigensian Crusade in 1229 after signing an agreement with Count Raymond VII, Count of Toulouse that cleared the latter's father of wrongdoing.[12] Raymond VI, Count of Toulouse had been suspected of murdering a preacher on a mission to convert the Cathars.[13]
     "Louis went on two crusades, in his mid-30s in 1248 (Seventh Crusade), and then again in his mid-50s in 1270 (Eighth Crusade).
Seventh Crusade
     "In 1248 Louis decided that his obligations as a son of the Church outweighed those of his throne, and he left his kingdom for a disastrous six-year adventure. Since the base of Muslim power had shifted to Egypt, Louis did not even march on the Holy Land; any war against Islam now fit the definition of a Crusade.[14]
     "Louis and his followers landed in Egypt on 5 June 1249 and began his first crusade with the rapid capture of the port of Damietta.[14][15] This attack caused some disruption in the Muslim Ayyubid empire, especially as the current sultan, Al-Malik as-Salih Najm al-Din Ayyub, was on his deathbed. However, the march from Damietta toward Cairo through the Nile River Delta went slowly. The rising of the Nile and the summer heat made it impossible for them to advance and follow up on their success.[16] During this time, the Ayyubid sultan died, and the sultan's wife Shajar al-Durr set in motion a sudden power shift that would make her Queen and eventually place the Egyptian army of the Mamluks in power. On 8 February 1250 Louis lost his army at the Battle of Al Mansurah[17] and was captured by the Egyptians. His release was eventually negotiated in return for a ransom of 400,000 livres tournois (at the time France's annual revenue was only about 1,250,000 livres tournois) and the surrender of the city of Damietta.[18]
Four years in Latin Kingdoms
     "ollowing his release from Egyptian captivity, Louis spent four years in the Latin kingdoms of Acre, Caesarea, and Jaffa, using his wealth to assist the Crusaders in rebuilding their defences[19] and conducting diplomacy with the Islamic powers of Syria and Egypt. In the spring of 1254 he and his army returned to France.[14]
     "Louis exchanged multiple letters and emissaries with Mongol rulers of the period. During his first crusade in 1248, Louis was approached by envoys from Eljigidei, the Mongol military commander stationed in Armenia and Persia.[20] Eljigidei suggested that King Louis should land in Egypt, while Eljigidei attacked Baghdad, to prevent the Saracens of Egypt and those of Syria from joining forces. Louis sent André de Longjumeau, a Dominican priest, as an emissary to the Great Khan Güyük Khan (r. 1246–48) in Mongolia. Güyük died before the emissary arrived at his court, however, and nothing concrete occurred. Instead his queen and now regent, Oghul Qaimish, politely turned down the diplomatic offer.[21]
     "Louis dispatched another envoy to the Mongol court, the Franciscan William of Rubruck, who went to visit the Great Khan Möngke (1251–1259) in Mongolia. He spent several years at the Mongol court. In 1259, Berke, the ruler of the Golden Horde, westernmost part of the Mongolian Empire, demanded the submission of Louis.[22] On the contrary, Mongolian Emperors Möngke and Khubilai's brother, the Ilkhan Hulegu, sent a letter seeking military assistance from the king of France, but the letter did not reach France.[23]
Eighth Crusade
     "In a parliament held at Paris, 24 March 1267, Louis and his three sons took the cross. On hearing the reports of the missionaries, Louis resolved to land at Tunis, and he ordered his younger brother, Charles of Anjou, to join him there. The crusaders, among whom was the English prince Edward Longshanks, landed at Carthage 17 July 1270, but disease broke out in the camp. Many died of dysentery, and on 25 August, Louis himself died.[19][24]
Patron of arts and arbiter of Europe
     "Louis' patronage of the arts drove much innovation in Gothic art and architecture, and the style of his court radiated throughout Europe by both the purchase of art objects from Parisian masters for export, and by the marriage of the king's daughters and female relatives to foreign husbands and their subsequent introduction of Parisian models elsewhere. Louis' personal chapel, the Sainte-Chapelle in Paris, was copied more than once by his descendants elsewhere. Louis most likely ordered the production of the Morgan Bible, a masterpiece of medieval painting.
     "During the so-called "golden century of Saint Louis", the kingdom of France was at its height in Europe, both politically and economically. Saint Louis was regarded as "primus inter pares", first among equals, among the kings and rulers of the continent. He commanded the largest army and ruled the largest and wealthiest kingdom, the European centre of arts and intellectual thought at the time. The foundations for the famous college of theology later known as the Sorbonne were laid in Paris about the year 1257.[16] The prestige and respect felt in Europe for King Louis IX were due more to the attraction that his personality created rather than to military domination. For his contemporaries, he was the quintessential example of the Christian prince and embodied the whole of Christendom in his person. His reputation for saintliness and fairness was already well established while he was alive, and on many occasions he was chosen as an arbiter in quarrels among the rulers of Europe.[7]
     "Shortly before 1256, Enguerrand IV, Lord of Coucy, arrested and without trial hanged three young squires of Laon whom he accused of poaching in his forest. In 1256 Louis had him arrested and brought to the Louvre by his sergeants. Enguerrand demanded judgment by his peers and trial by battle, which the king refused because he thought it obsolete. Enguerrand was tried, sentenced, and ordered to pay 12,000 livres. Part of the money was to pay for masses in perpetuity for the men he had hanged.
     "In 1258, Louis and James I of Aragon signed the Treaty of Corbeil, under which Louis renounced his feudal overlordship over the County of Barcelona and Roussillon, which was held by the King of Aragon. James in turn renounced his feudal overlordship over several counties in southern France including Provence and Languedoc. In 1259 Louis signed the Treaty of Paris, by which Henry III of England was confirmed in his possession of territories in southwestern France and Louis received the provinces of Anjou, Normandy (Normandie), Poitou, Maine, and Touraine.[5]
Religious nature
     "The perception of Louis IX as the exemplary Christian prince was reinforced by his religious zeal. Louis was an extremely devout Catholic, and he built the Sainte-Chapelle ("Holy Chapel"),[7] located within the royal palace complex (now the Paris Hall of Justice), on the Île de la Cité in the centre of Paris. The Sainte Chapelle, a prime example of the Rayonnant style of Gothic architecture, was erected as a shrine for what Louis believed to be the Crown of Thorns and a fragment of the True Cross, supposed precious relics of the Passion of Christ. He acquired these in 1239–41 from Emperor Baldwin II of the Latin Empire of Constantinople by agreeing to pay off the imperial debt Baldwin owed to Niccolo Quirino, a wealthy Venetian merchant, a debt to which Baldwin had pledged the Crown of Thorns as collateral.[25] Louis IX paid the exorbitant sum of 135,000 livres (the construction of the chapel, for comparison, cost only 60,000 livres).
     "Louis IX took very seriously his mission as "lieutenant of God on Earth", with which he had been invested when he was crowned in Reims. To fulfill this duty, he conducted two crusades. They contributed to his prestige, even though both ended disastrously. Everything he did was for what he saw as the glory of God and the good of his people. He protected the poor and was never heard to speak ill of anyone. He excelled in penance, leaving to us both a hair shirt and a scourge, and had a great love for the Church. He was merciful even to rebels. When he was urged to put to death a prince who had followed his father in rebellion, he refused, saying: "A son cannot refuse to obey his father."[6]
     "In 1230 the King forbade all forms of usury, defined at the time as any taking of interest and therefore covering most banking activities. Where the original borrowers from Jewish and Lombard lenders could not be found, Louis exacted from those lenders a contribution towards the crusade which Pope Gregory was then trying to launch.[16] Louis also ordered, at the urging of Pope Gregory IX, the burning in Paris in 1243 of some 12,000 manuscript copies of the Talmud and other Jewish books. Eventually, the edict against the Talmud was overturned by Gregory IX's successor, Innocent IV.[26]
     "In addition to Louis' legislation against banking and to his burning of Jewish books, he expanded the scope of the Inquisition in France and set the punishment for blasphemy to mutilation of the tongue and lips.[1] The area most affected by this expansion was southern France where the Cathar sect had been strongest. The rate of these confiscations reached its highest levels in the years before his first crusade, and slowed upon his return to France in 1254. In 1250, he headed a crusade and was taken prisoner. During his captivity, he recited the Divine Office every day. After his release against ransom, he visited the Holy Land before returning to France.[6] In these deeds, Louis IX tried to fulfill what he saw as the duty of France as "the eldest daughter of the Church" (la fille aînée de l'Église), a tradition of protector of the Church going back to the Franks and Charlemagne, who had been crowned by the Pope Leo III in Rome in 800. Indeed, the kings of France were known by the title "most Christian king" (Rex Christianissimus). The relationship between France and the papacy was at its peak in the 12th and 13th centuries, and most of the crusades were actually called by the popes from French soil.
     "Louis was renowned for his charity. Beggars were fed from his table, he ate their leavings, washed their feet, ministered to the wants of the lepers, and daily fed over one hundred poor. He founded many hospitals and houses: the House of the Filles-Dieu for reformed prostitutes; the Quinze-Vingt for 300 blind men (1254), hospitals at Pontoise, Vernon, Compiégne.[27]
     "St. Louis installed a house of the Trinitarian Order in his château of Fontainebleau. He chose Trinitarians as his chaplains, and was accompanied by them on his crusades. In his spiritual testament he wrote: "My dearest son, you should permit yourself to be tormented by every kind of martyrdom before you would allow yourself to commit a mortal sin."[6]
Children
1. Blanche (12 July/4 December 1240 – 29 April 1244), died in infancy.[28]
2. Isabella (2 March 1241 – 28 January 1271), married Theobald II of Navarre.[29]
3. Louis (23 September 1243/24 February 1244 – 11 January/2 February 1260). Betrothed to Berengaria of Castile in Paris on 20 August 1255.[30]
4. Philip III (1 May 1245 – 5 October 1285), married firstly to Isabella of Aragon in 1262 and secondly to Maria of Brabant in 1274.
5. John (1246/1247 – 10 March 1248), died in infancy.[28]
6. John Tristan (8 April 1250 – 3 August 1270), Count of Valois, married Yolande II, Countess of Nevers.[28]
7. Peter (1251 – 6/7 April 1284),[28] Count of Perche and Alençon, married Joanne of Châtillon.
8. Blanche (early 1253 – 17 June 1320), married Ferdinand de la Cerda, Infante of Castile.[28]
9. Margaret (early 1255 – July 1271), married John I, Duke of Brabant.[28]
10.Robert (1256 – 7 February 1317), Count of Clermont,[28] married Beatrice of Burgundy. The French crown devolved upon his male-line descendant, Henry IV, when the legitimate male line of Robert's older brother Philip III died out in 1589.
11. Agnes (1260 – 19/20 December 1327), married Robert II, Duke of Burgundy.[28]
     "Louis had his two children that died in infancy buried at the Cistercian abbey of Royaumont; in 1820 they were transferred to Saint-Denis Basilica.[31]
Death and legacy
     "During his second crusade, Louis died at Tunis on 25 August 1270, in an epidemic of dysentery that swept through his army.[24][32][33] Uncommon in Muslim burial practice, the territory where he died, his body was subject to the process known as mos Teutonicus (a postmortem funerary custom used in medieval Europe whereby the flesh was boiled from the body, so that the bones of the deceased could be transported hygienically from distant lands back home) for its transportation back to France.[34] He was succeeded by his son, Philip III.
     "His heart and intestines, however, were conveyed by his younger brother, Charles I of Naples, for burial in the cathedral of Monreale near Palermo.[35] His bones were carried in a lengthy processional across Sicily, Italy, the Alps, and France, until they were interred in the royal necropolis at Saint-Denis in May 1271.[36] Charles and Philip later disbursed a number of relics to promote his veneration.[37]
Veneration as a saint
     "Pope Boniface VIII proclaimed the canonisation of Louis in 1297;[38] he is the only French king to be declared a saint.[39] Louis IX is often considered the model of the ideal Christian monarch.[38] The impact of his canonization was so great that many of his successors were named Louis.
     "Named in his honour, the Sisters of Charity of St. Louis is a Roman Catholic religious order founded in Vannes, France, in 1803.[40] A similar order, the Sisters of St Louis, was founded in Juilly in 1842.[41][42]
     "He is honoured as co-patron of the Third Order of St. Francis, which claims him as a member of the Order. Even in childhood, his compassion for the poor and suffering people had been obvious to all who knew him and when he became king, over a hundred poor people ate in his house on ordinary days. Often the king served these guests himself. Such acts of charity, coupled with Louis' devout religious practices, gave rise to the legend that he joined the Third Order of St. Francis. Though it is unlikely that Louis did join the order, his life and actions proclaimed him one of them in spirit.[3]
Places named after Saint Louis
     "The cities of San Luis Potosí in Mexico; St. Louis, Missouri; St. Louis, Michigan; San Luis, Arizona; San Luis, Colorado; Saint-Louis du Sénégal; Saint-Louis in Alsace; as well as Lake Saint-Louis in Quebec, the Mission San Luis Rey de Francia in California and São Luís, Maranhão in Brazil; St. Louis in Saskatchewan, Canada; are among the many places named after the French king and saint.
     "The Cathedral Saint-Louis in Versailles; the Basilica of St. Louis, King of France completed in 1834 and the Cathedral Basilica of St. Louis completed in 1914, both in St. Louis, Missouri; and the St. Louis Cathedral, New Orleans were also named for the king. The French royal Order of Saint Louis (1693–1790 and 1814–1830), the Île Saint-Louis as well as a hospital in the 10th arrondissement of Paris also bear his name. The national church of France in Rome also carries his name: San Luigi dei Francesi in Italian or Saint Louis of France in English. Also the Cathedral of St Louis in Plovdiv, Bulgaria, the Church of St Louis in Moscow, Russia, and rue Saint Louis of Pondicherry.
     "Port-Louis, the capital city of Mauritius, as well as its cathedral are also named after St. Louis, who is the patron saint of the island.
     "Thailand: Saint Louis Hospital, and Saint Louis Church in Sathon, Bangkok were named after St.Louis, the patron saint of the founder. The name "Saint Louis" also exists as the "Saint Louis neighbourhood" and Soi Saint Louis 1, 2 and 3 alley (Soi Sathon 11, 13 and 15, officially), which are the area within the hospital.
Notable portraits
     "A bas-relief of St. Louis is one of the carved portraits of historic lawmakers that adorns the chamber of the United States House of Representatives.
     "Saint Louis is also portrayed on a frieze depicting a timeline of important lawgivers throughout world history, on the North Wall of the Courtroom at the Supreme Court of the United States.[43]
     "A statue of St. Louis by the sculptor John Donoghue stands on the roofline of the New York State Appellate Division Court at 27 Madison Avenue in New York City.
     "The Apotheosis of St. Louis is an equestrian statue of the saint, by Charles Henry Niehaus, that stands in front of the Saint Louis Art Museum in Forest Park.
     "A heroic portrait by Baron Charles de Steuben hangs in the Basilica of the National Shrine of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary in Baltimore. An 1821 gift of King Louis XVIII of France, it depicts St. Louis burying his plague-stricken troops before the siege of Tunis at the beginning of the Eighth Crusade in 1270.
In fiction
-- Davis, William Stearns, "Falaise of the Blessed Voice" aka "The White Queen". New York, NY: Macmillan, 1904
-- Peter Berling, The Children of the Grail
-- Jules Verne, "To the Sun?/Off on a Comet!" A comet takes several bits of the Earth away when it grazes the Earth. Some people, taken up at the same time, find the Tomb of Saint Louis is one of the bits, as they explore the comet.
-- Adam Gidwitz, The Inquisitor's Tale
References
1. Olivier Bobineau. "Retour de l'ordre religieux ou signe de bonne santé de notre pluralisme laïc ?". Le Monde.fr. Retrieved 27 October 2015.
2. Vie de St Louis, ed. H.-F. Delaborde, Paris, 1899
3. "Saint Louis, King of France, Archdiocese of St. Louis, MO". Retrieved 29 September 2014.
4. Plaque in the church, Collégiale Notre-Dame, Poissy, France.
5. "Louis IX". Encarta. Microsoft Corporation. 2008.
6. Fr. Paolo O. Pirlo, SHMI (1997). "St. Louis". My First Book of Saints. Sons of Holy Mary Immaculate – Quality Catholic Publications. pp. 193–194. ISBN 971-91595-4-5.
7. "Goyau, Georges. "St. Louis IX." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 9. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1910. 24 Feb. 2013". Retrieved 29 September 2014.
8. Shadis 2010, p. 17-19.
9. Richard 1983, p. 64.
10. Richard 1983, p. 65.
11. Naomi Seidman, Faithful Renderings: Jewish-Christian Difference and the Politics of Translation, pp. 136–138
12. Goldstone 2007, p. 17.
13. Goldstone 2007, p. 11.
14. "Crusades: Crusades of the 13th century". Encarta. Microsoft Corporation. 2008.
15.Tyerman, p. 787
16. "Lives of Saints, John J. Crawley & Co., Inc". Retrieved 29 September 2014.
17. Dupuy 1993, p. 417.
18. Tyerman, pp. 789–798
19. "Bréhier, Louis. "Crusades." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 4. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1908. 24 Feb. 2013". Retrieved 29 September 2014.
20. Jackson 1980, p. 481-513.
21. The Empire of the Steppes: A History of Central Asia. Retrieved 29 September 2014.
22. Denis Sinor – The Mongols in the West. Journal of Asian History v.33 n.1 (1999)
23. Aigle, Denise (2005). "The Letters of Eljigidei, H¨uleg¨u and Abaqa: Mongol overtures or Christian Ventriloquism?" (PDF). Inner Asia. 7 (2): 143–162. Retrieved 26 February 2017.
24. Magill & Aves, p. 606.
25. Guerry, Emily. "Dr". The Conversation. Retrieved 1 July 2019.
26. "The Pope Who Saved the Talmud". The 5 Towns Jewish Times. Retrieved 29 September 2014.
27. "Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/St. Louis IX".
28. Richard 1983, p. xxiv.
29. Jordan 2017, p. 25.
30. Jordan 2017, p. 25-26.
31. Brown 1990, p. 810.
32. Cross & Livingstone, p. 1004.
33. Lock, p. 183.
34. Westerhof 2008, p. 79.
35. Gaposchkin, p. 28.
36. Gaposchkin, pp. 28–29.
37. Gaposchkin, pp. 28–30; 76.
38. Louis IX, Oxford Dictionary of Saints, (Oxford University Press, 2004), 326.
39. "Louis". The New Encyclopædia Britannica: Micropædia. 7 (15 ed.) 1993. p. 497. ISBN 9780852295717.
40. "Who We Are". Sisters of Charity of St. Louis. 2017. Retrieved 26 February 2017.
41. "Our Father and Patron St. Louis / St. Louis, King of France, 1214–1270 AD" St. Louis Handbook for Schools. Sisters of St Louis. p. 8.
42. "Our history". Sisters of St Louis. 2015. Retrieved 26 February 2017.
43. "US Supreme Court Courtroom Friezes" (PDF). Retrieved 19 February 2019.
Bibliography
-- Brown, Elizabeth A. R. (Autumn 1990). "Authority, the Family, and the Dead in Late Medieval France". French Historical Studies. 16 (4).
-- Cross, Frank Leslie; Livingstone, Elizabeth A., eds. (2005). The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0192802909.
-- Davis, Jennifer R. (Autumn 2010). "The Problem of King Louis IX of France: Biography, Sanctity, and Kingship". Journal of Interdisciplinary History. 41 (2): 209–225. doi:10.1162/JINH_a_00050.
-- Dupuy, Trevor N. (1993). The Harper Encyclopedia of Military History. HarperCollins.
-- Gaposchkin, M. Cecilia. (2008). The Making of Saint Louis: Kingship, Sanctity, and Crusade in the Later Middle Ages. Cornell University Press. ISBN 9780801476259.
-- Jackson, Peter (July 1980). "The Crisis in the Holy Land in 1260". The English Historical Review. 95 (376): 481–513. doi:10.1093/ehr/XCV.CCCLXXVI.481. ISSN 0013-8266. JSTOR 568054.
-- Jordan, William Chester (1979). Louis IX and the Challenge of the Crusade: A Study in Rulership. Princeton.
-- Jordan, William C. (2017). "A Border Policy? Louis IX and the Spanish Connection". In Liang, Yuen-Gen; Rodriguez, Jarbel (eds.) Authority and Spectacle in Medieval and Early Modern Europe: Essays in Honor of Teofilo F. Ruiz. Routledge.
-- Le Goff, Jacques (2009). Saint Louis. University of Notre Dame Press. ISBN 0268033811.
-- Lock, Peter (2013). The Routledge Companion to the Crusades. Routledge. ISBN 1135131376.
-- Magill, Frank Northen; Aves, Alison, eds. (1998). Dictionary of World Biography: The Middle Ages. 2. Routledge. ISBN 1579580416.
-- Shadis, Miriam (2010). Berenguela of Castile (1180–1246) and Political Women in the High Middle Ages. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-312-23473-7.
-- Richard, Jean (1983). Lloyd, Simon (ed.) Saint Louis: Crusader King of France. Translated by Birrell, Jean. Cambridge University Press.
-- Streyer, J.R. (1962). "The Crusades of Louis IX". In Setton, K.M. (ed.) A History of the Crusades. Philadelphia.
-- Westerhof, Danielle (16 October 2008). Death and the Noble Body in Medieval England. Boydell Press. ISBN 1843834162."¹¹ EDV-21 GKJ-22.

; Per Med Lands:
     "LOUIS de France, son of LOUIS VIII King of France & his wife Infanta doña Blanca de Castilla (Château de Poissy, Yvelines 25 Apr 1214- Tunis 25 Aug 1270, bur église de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis). The Chronicon Turonense records that King Louis left six sons (in order) "Ludovicum primogenitum, Robertum, Amfulsum, Johannem, Dagobertum id est Philippum, et Stephanum" and one daughter "Isabellam" when he died[625]. He succeeded his father in 1226 as LOUIS IX King of France. Consecrated at Notre-Dame de Reims 29 Nov 1226. He left on crusade from Aigues-Mortes 25 Aug 1248, landing first at Limassol, Cyprus, then in Egypt in May 1249[626]. His forces captured Damietta in Jun 1249, but King Louis was captured at Fariskur 6 Apr 1250, freed 6 May against the cession of Damietta[627], after which he sailed for Acre and was accepted as de facto ruler of the kingdom of Jerusalem[628]. He set sail from Acre 24 Apr 1254, arriving in France 10 Jul 1254[629]. He died from dysentery after capturing Tunis, at the start of another crusade. He was canonised by Pope Boniface VIII 11 Aug 1297, feast day 25 Aug.
     "m (Cathedral of St Etienne, Sens, Yonne 27 May 1234) MARGUERITE de Provence, daughter of RAIMOND BERENGER V Comte de Provence & his wife Béatrice de Savoie (St Maime near Forcalquier Spring 1221-Paris, Abbaye de St Marcel 21 Dec 1295, bur église de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis). The Vincentii Bellovacensis Memoriale Omnium Temporum records the marriage in 1233 of King Louis IX and "comitis Provincie filiam…Margaretam"[630]. "R Berengarii…comes et marchio Provincie et comes Folcalquerii" made arrangements for the dowry of "filie nostre Margarite" by charter dated 17 May 1234[631]. Consecrated Queen 28 May 1234, Cathedral of St Etienne, Sens. The testament of "Beatricis relictæ Raimundi Berengarii comitis Provinciæ", dated 14 Jan 1264, confirms her previous testaments appointing "Reginarum filiarum suarum Margarethæ Franciæ et Alienoræ Angliæ…" as her heirs[632]. After disputing the succession of her youngest sister Béatrice to the county of Provence, she renounced her rights in 1287 and received Beaufort and Baugé. The Chronicle of Guillaume de Nangis records the death in Paris in 1295 of "regina Franciæ Margareta" and her burial "in ecclesia sancti Dionysii in Francia juxta regem sanctissimum Ludovicum conjugem suum", adding that she had retired to "Parisius apud sanctum Marcellum cœnobium sororum minorum"[633]."
Med Lands cites:

; Per Enc. of Worl History: "LOUIS IX (St. Louis, canonized 1297). The most chivalrous man of his age and the ideal medieval king. Handsome and lofty in character, Louis's careful education prepared him for a unique reign in which ethics dominated policy. His reputation for justice won him national support and made him the arbiter of Europe. His reign considered the golden age of medieval France."¹⁸ He was King of France. (See attached map of France ca 1200 AD) between 29 November 1226 and 1270.^17,4,2,3

; Canonized.²

     Marguerite (?) de Provence, Queen of France was born in 1221 at St. Maime B, Forcalquier, Departement Alpes-De-Haute-Provence, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France (now).^{9,5,6,1,10,3,2,11,12} She married Louis IX "Saint Louis" (?) King of France, son of Louis VIII "Le Lion" (?) King of France and Doña Blanche Alfonsa (?) Infanta de Castilla, Regent of France, on 27 May 1234 at Cathedral of St Etienne, Sens, Departement de l"Yvonne, Bourgogne, France (now).^{10,5,6,1,2,3,13,12,4}

Marguerite (?) de Provence, Queen of France died on 21 December 1295 at Convent of Franciscan nuns in Faubourg St. Marcel, Paris, City of Paris, Île-de-France, France.^9,5,6,1,2,12
Marguerite (?) de Provence, Queen of France was buried after 21 December 1295 at Basilique Saint-Denis, Saint-Denis, Departement de Seine-Saint-Denis, Île-de-France, France; From Find A Grave:
     BIRTH     1221, Saint-Maime, Departement des Alpes-de-Haute-Provence, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France
     DEATH     21 Dec 1295 (aged 73–74), Paris, City of Paris, Île-de-France, France
     Marguerite was the eldest daughter of Ramon Berenguer IV, Count of Provence and Beatrice of Savoy. On 27 May 1234 at the age of thirteen, Margaret became the queen consort of France and wife of Louis IX of France She was crowned on the following day. Margaret gave birth to eleven children.
     Margaret, noted for her beauty, she was said to be "pretty with dark hair and fine eyes", and in the early years of their marriage she and Louis enjoyed a warm relationship.
     Her Franciscan confessor, William de St. Pathus, related that on cold nights Margaret would place a robe around Louis' shoulders, when her deeply religious husband rose to pray. Another anecdote recorded by St. Pathus related that Margaret felt that Louis' plain clothing was unbecoming to his royal dignity, to which Louis replied that he would dress as she wished, if she dressed as he wished. Much of what is said about Margaret in such sources seems to be meant to display her in a questionable light, as vain glorious or immodest, in order to showcase her husband as a wise and pious king. In contrast, the chronicler Joinville, who was not a priest, reports incidents demonstrating Margaret's bravery and demonstrate Margaret's good humor.
     In later years Louis became disturbed with Margaret's ambition. When it came to politics or diplomacy she was indeed ambitious, but somewhat inept. An English envoy at Paris in the 1250s reported to England, evidently in some disgust, that "the queen of France is tedious in word and deed," and it is clear from the envoy's report of his conversation with the queen that she was trying to create an opportunity for herself to engage in affairs of state even though the envoy was not impressed with her efforts.
     Margaret accompanied Louis on his first crusade and was responsible for negotiations and ransom when he was captured. She was thus for a brief time the only woman ever to lead a crusade. After the death of Louis on his second crusade, during which she remained in France, she returned to Provence.
     Margaret died at the age of seventy-four. She was buried near (but not beside) her husband in the Basilica of St-Denis outside Paris. Her grave, beneath the altar steps, was never marked by a monument, so its location was unknown; probably for this reason, it was the only royal grave in the basilica that was not ransacked during the French Revolution, and it probably remains intact today.
(Bio by Audrey DeCamp; the source of this information is Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia)
     Family Members
     Parents
          Raimond Bérenger IV de Provence 1198–1245
          Beatrice of Savoy 1198–1266
     Spouses
          Louis IX of France 1214–1270 (m. 1234)
          Louis IX 1214–1270
          Louis IX of France 1214–1270
     Siblings
          Eleanor of Provence 1222–1291
          Sanchia of Provence 1225–1261
          Beatrice de Provence 1234–1267
     Children
          Blanche de France 1240–1243
          Isabelle de France 1241–1271
          Louis of France 1243–1260
          Philippe III of France 1245–1285
          Jean de France 1247–1248
          Jean de France 1250–1270
          Pierre d'Alencon 1251–1284
          Blanche de France 1253–1320
          Marguerite de France 1255–1271
          Robert de Clermont 1256–1317
          Agnes de France 1260–1325
     BURIAL     Saint Denis Basilique, Saint-Denis, Departement de Seine-Saint-Denis, Île-de-France, France
     Maintained by: Darrell and Joan Mansur
     Originally Created by: Audrey DeCamp Hoffman
     Added: 29 Mar 2012
     Find A Grave Memorial 87531315
     SPONSORED BY Audrey DeCamp Hoffman.^1,10,2,11
      ; Per Med Lands:
     "LOUIS de France, son of LOUIS VIII King of France & his wife Infanta doña Blanca de Castilla (Château de Poissy, Yvelines 25 Apr 1214- Tunis 25 Aug 1270, bur église de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis). The Chronicon Turonense records that King Louis left six sons (in order) "Ludovicum primogenitum, Robertum, Amfulsum, Johannem, Dagobertum id est Philippum, et Stephanum" and one daughter "Isabellam" when he died[625]. He succeeded his father in 1226 as LOUIS IX King of France. Consecrated at Notre-Dame de Reims 29 Nov 1226. He left on crusade from Aigues-Mortes 25 Aug 1248, landing first at Limassol, Cyprus, then in Egypt in May 1249[626]. His forces captured Damietta in Jun 1249, but King Louis was captured at Fariskur 6 Apr 1250, freed 6 May against the cession of Damietta[627], after which he sailed for Acre and was accepted as de facto ruler of the kingdom of Jerusalem[628]. He set sail from Acre 24 Apr 1254, arriving in France 10 Jul 1254[629]. He died from dysentery after capturing Tunis, at the start of another crusade. He was canonised by Pope Boniface VIII 11 Aug 1297, feast day 25 Aug.
     "m (Cathedral of St Etienne, Sens, Yonne 27 May 1234) MARGUERITE de Provence, daughter of RAIMOND BERENGER V Comte de Provence & his wife Béatrice de Savoie (St Maime near Forcalquier Spring 1221-Paris, Abbaye de St Marcel 21 Dec 1295, bur église de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis). The Vincentii Bellovacensis Memoriale Omnium Temporum records the marriage in 1233 of King Louis IX and "comitis Provincie filiam…Margaretam"[630]. "R Berengarii…comes et marchio Provincie et comes Folcalquerii" made arrangements for the dowry of "filie nostre Margarite" by charter dated 17 May 1234[631]. Consecrated Queen 28 May 1234, Cathedral of St Etienne, Sens. The testament of "Beatricis relictæ Raimundi Berengarii comitis Provinciæ", dated 14 Jan 1264, confirms her previous testaments appointing "Reginarum filiarum suarum Margarethæ Franciæ et Alienoræ Angliæ…" as her heirs[632]. After disputing the succession of her youngest sister Béatrice to the county of Provence, she renounced her rights in 1287 and received Beaufort and Baugé. The Chronicle of Guillaume de Nangis records the death in Paris in 1295 of "regina Franciæ Margareta" and her burial "in ecclesia sancti Dionysii in Francia juxta regem sanctissimum Ludovicum conjugem suum", adding that she had retired to "Parisius apud sanctum Marcellum cœnobium sororum minorum"[633]."
Med Lands cites:

Reference: Genealogics cites: Genealogisches Handbuch des Adels, Fürstliche Häuser , Reference: yr 1961.³

; Per Genealogics:
     "Marguerite was born in 1221 in St.Maime near Forcalquier, daughter of Raimund Berengar V, comte de Provence and Béatrice de Savoie.
     "On 27 May 1234 in Sens Marguerite married Louis IX, king of France. They had eleven children of whom three sons and three daughters would have progeny. Although Blanche of Castile, Louis IX's mother, had arranged the marriage, she was jealous of her daughter-in-law, whom she supervised strictly; Jean, sire de Joinville, chronicler of Louis's reign, tells several stories of Blanche separating the royal couple, and Louis himself sometimes behaving brusquely towards Marguerite.
     "Marguerite accompanied Louis to Egypt on the crusade of 1248 and showed great courage at Damietta, reinspiring the crusaders after a defeat at al-Mansurah in February 1250, where Louis was captured by the Muslims. Blanche died in 1252. Marguerite, after returning to France, tried occasionally to meddle in politics. Though she was usually checked by the king's intransigence, she may have done something to improve relations between Louis and Henry III of England, who in 1236 had married her sister Eleanor. On the other hand, she resented the fact that her father (who died in 1245), by his will of 1238 left Provence to her younger sister Beatrice, who in 1246 was married to Charles I Etienne of Anjou, a brother of Louis IX. After Louis's death in 1270 Marguerite did all she could to thwart Charles' ambitions. She died 21 December 1295."³

; Per Wikipedia:
     "Margaret of Provence (French: Marguerite; 1221 – 20 December 1295) was Queen of France by marriage to King Louis IX.
Early life
     "Margaret was born in the spring of 1221 in Forcalquier.[1] She was the eldest of four daughters of Ramon Berenguer IV, Count of Provence, and Beatrice of Savoy. Her younger sisters were Queen Eleanor of England, Queen Sanchia of Germany, and Queen Beatrice of Sicily. She was especially close to Eleanor, to whom she was close in age, and with whom she sustained friendly relationships until they grew old.[2]
Queen
     "In 1233, Blanche of Castile sent one of her knights to Provence, partly to offset the troublesome Raymond VII, Count of Toulouse, and partly to meet Margaret, whose grace and beauty were widely reported. Margaret and her father entertained the knight well, and soon Blanche was negotiating with the count of Provence, so that his daughter might marry the king. Margaret was chosen as a good match for the king more for her religious devotion and courtly manner than her beauty. She was escorted to Lyon by her parents for the marriage treaty to be signed. From there, she was escorted to her wedding in Sens by her uncles from Savoy, William and Thomas. On 27 May 1234 at the age of thirteen, Margaret became wife of Louis IX of France and queen consort of France.[3] She was crowned the following day.[1] The wedding and her coronation as queen were celebrated at the cathedral of Sens.[3]
     "The marriage was a difficult one in numerous aspects.[3] Blanche still wielded strong influence over her son, and would throughout her life.[4] As a sign of her authority, shortly after the wedding Blanche dismissed Margaret's uncles and all of the servants she had brought with her from her childhood. Margaret resented Blanche and vice versa from the beginning.[3]
     "Margaret, like her sisters, was noted for her beauty, she was said to be "pretty with dark hair and fine eyes",[5] and in the early years of their marriage she and Louis enjoyed a warm relationship. Her Franciscan confessor, William de St. Pathus, related that on cold nights Margaret would place a robe around Louis' shoulders, when her deeply religious husband rose to pray. Another anecdote recorded by St. Pathus related that Margaret felt that Louis' plain clothing was unbecoming to his royal dignity, to which Louis replied that he would dress as she wished, if she dressed as he wished.
     "They enjoyed riding together, reading, and listening to music. The attentions of the king and court being drawn to the new queen only made Blanche more jealous, and she worked to keep the king and queen apart as much as possible.
During the Seventh Crusade
     "Margaret accompanied Louis on the Seventh Crusade (their first). Her sister Beatrice also joined. Though initially the crusade met with some success, like the capture of Damietta in 1249, it became a disaster after the king's brother was killed and the king then captured.
     "Queen Margaret was responsible for negotiations and gathering enough silver for his ransom. She was thus for a brief time the only woman ever to lead a crusade. In 1250, while in Damietta, where she earlier in the same year successfully maintained order,[3] she gave birth to John Tristan.[6][7]
     "The chronicler Jean de Joinville, who was not a priest, reports incidents demonstrating Margaret's bravery after Louis was made prisoner in Egypt: she decisively acted to assure a food supply for the Christians in Damietta, and went so far as to ask the knight who guarded her bedchamber to kill her and her newborn son if the city should fall to the Arabs. She also convinced some of those who had been about to leave to remain in Damietta and defend it. Joinville also recounts incidents that demonstrate Margaret's good humor, as on one occasion when Joinville sent her some fine cloth and, when the queen saw his messenger arrive carrying them, she mistakenly knelt down thinking that he was bringing her holy relics. When she realized her mistake, she burst into laughter and ordered the messenger, "Tell your master evil days await him, for he has made me kneel to his camelines!"
     "However, Joinville also remarked with noticeable disapproval that Louis rarely asked after his wife and children. In a moment of extreme danger during a terrible storm on the sea voyage back to France from the Crusade, Margaret begged Joinville to do something to help; he told her to pray for deliverance, and to vow that when they reached France she would go on a pilgrimage and offer a golden ship with images of the king, herself and her children in thanks for their escape from the storm. Margaret could only reply that she dared not make such a vow without the king's permission, because when he discovered that she had done so, he would never let her make the pilgrimage. In the end, Joinville promised her that if she made the vow he would make the pilgrimage for her, and when they reached France he did so.[8][9]
Political significance
     "Her leadership during the crusade had brought her international prestige and after she returned to France, Margaret was often asked to mediate disputes. She feared the ambitions of her husband's brother Charles though, and strengthened the bond with her sister Eleanor and her husband Henry III of England as a counterweight. In 1254, she and her husband invited them to spend Christmas in Paris.
     "Then, in 1259, the Treaty of Paris came about since the relationship between Louis and Henry III of England had improved. Margaret was present during the negotiations, along with all her sisters and her mother.
     "In later years Louis became vexed with Margaret's ambition. It seems that when it came to politics or diplomacy she was indeed ambitious, but somewhat inept. An English envoy at Paris in the 1250s reported to England, evidently in some disgust, that "the queen of France is tedious in word and deed," and it is clear from the envoy's report of his conversation with the queen that she was trying to create an opportunity for herself to engage in affairs of state even though the envoy was not impressed with her efforts. After the death of her eldest son Louis in 1260, Margaret induced the next son, Philip, to swear an oath that no matter at what age he succeeded to the throne, he would remain under her tutelage until the age of thirty. When Louis found out about the oath, he immediately asked the pope to excuse Philip from the vow on the grounds that he himself had not authorized it, and the pope immediately obliged, ending Margaret's attempt to make herself a second Blanche of Castile. Margaret subsequently failed as well to influence her nephew Edward I of England to avoid a marriage project for one of his daughters that would promote the interests in her native Provence of her brother-in-law, Charles of Anjou, who had married her youngest sister Beatrice.
Queen Dowager
     "After the death of Louis on his second crusade in 1270,[3] during which she remained in France, she returned to Provence. She became a more politically active figure after his death.[3] As Emmerson notes, she was particularly exigent – to the point of raising troops – in defending her rights in Provence, where her husband's brother, Charles of Anjou, maintained his political authority and control of property after his wife's (her sister's) death, contrary to the intentions of the old count, who had died in 1245.[3] She was devoted to her sister Queen Eleanor of England, and they stayed in contact until Eleanor's death in 1291. Her last years were spent doing pious work, including the founding of the Franciscan nunnery of Lourcines in 1289.[3] Margaret herself died in Paris, at the Poor Clares monastery she had founded,[10] on 20 December 1295, at the age of seventy-four. She was buried near (but not beside) her husband in the Basilica of St-Denis outside Paris. Her grave, beneath the altar steps, was never marked by a monument, so its location is unknown; probably for this reason, it was the only royal grave in the basilica that was not ransacked during the French Revolution, and it probably remains intact today.
Issue
     "With Louis IX of France eleven children[3] were born:
1. Blanche (1240 – 29 April 1243)
2. Isabella (2 March 1241 – 28 January 1271), married Theobald II of Navarre
3. Louis (25 February 1244 – January 1260)
4. Philip III of France (1 May 1245 – 5 October 1285), married firstly Isabella of Aragon, by whom he had issue, including Philip IV of France and Charles, Count of Valois; he married secondly Maria of Brabant, by whom he had issue, including Margaret of France.
5. John (born and died in 1248)
6. John Tristan (1250 – 3 August 1270), born in Egypt on his father's first Crusade and died in Tunisia on his second
7. Peter (1251–1284)
8. Blanche (1253–1323), married Ferdinand de la Cerda, Infante of Castile
9. Margaret (1254–1271), married John I, Duke of Brabant
10. Robert, Count of Clermont (1256 – 7 February 1317), married Beatrice of Burgundy, Lady of Bourbon, by whom he had issue. It is from him that the Bourbon kings of France descend in the male line.
11. Agnes (c. 1260 – 19 December 1327), married Robert II, Duke of Burgundy
References
1. Richardson 2011, p. 121.
2. Howell 2001, p. 3.
3. Emmerson 2013, p. 448.
4. Shadis 2010, p. 17-19.
5. Costain 1951, p. 125-126.
6. Joinville 1963, p. 262-263.
7. Hodgson 2007, p. 167-170.
8. Joinville 2008.
9. Hodgson 2007, p. 105-106, 120–125.
10. Robson 2007, p. 328.
Sources
-- Costain, Thomas B. (1951). The Magnificent Century.
-- Emmerson, Richard K. (2013). Key Figures in Medieval Europe: An Encyclopedia. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-136-77519-2.
-- Hodgson, Natasha (2007). Women, Crusading and the Holy Land in Historical Narrative. Boydell.
-- Howell, Margaret (2001). Eleanor of Provence: Queenship in Thirteenth-Century England. Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
-- Joinville; Villehardouin (1963). Shaw, M.R.B. (ed.) Joinville and Villehardouin: Chronicles of the Crusades. NY: Penguin Classics.
-- Joinville; Villehardouin (2008). Smith, Caroline (ed.) Chronicles of the Crusades. Penguin Classics.
-- Murray, Jacqueline (1999). Conflicted Identities and Multiple Masculinities.
-- Richardson, Douglas (2011). Plantagenet Ancestry: A Study In Colonial And Medieval Families (2 ed.) ISBN 978-1-461-04513-7.
-- Robson, Michael (2007). "Queen Isabella (c.1295/1358) and the Greyfriars: An example of royal patronage based on her accounts for 1357/1358". Franciscan Studies. Franciscan Institute Publications. 65: 325–348. doi:10.1353/frc.2007.0006.
-- Sanders, I.J. (1951). "The Texts of the Peace of Paris, 1259". The English Historical Review. Oxford University Press. 66 (258): 81–97. doi:10.1093/ehr/lxvi.cclviii.81.
-- Shadis, Miriam (2010). Berenguela of Castile (1180–1246) and Political Women in the High Middle Ages. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-312-23473-7."¹⁴ EDV-21 GKJ-22.

; Per Med Lands:
     "MARGUERITE de Provence (St Maime near Forcalquier Spring 1221-Paris, Abbaye de St Marcel 21 Dec 1295, bur église de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis). The Vincentii Bellovacensis Memoriale Omnium Temporum records the marriage in 1233 of King Louis IX and "comitis Provincie filiam…Margaretam"[442]. "R Berengarii…comes et marchio Provincie et comes Folcalquerii" made arrangements for the dowry of "filie nostre Margarite" by charter dated 17 May 1234[443]. She was consecrated Queen 28 May 1234, Cathedral of St Etienne, Sens. The testament of “R. Berengarius…comes et marchio Provincie et comes Forcalquerii”, dated 20 Jun 1238, names “Margaritam filiam nostrum…reginam Francie…Elionors filiam nostrum…reginam Anglie…Sanciam filiam nostram” and appoints “Beatricem filiam nostrum heredem generalem”[444]. After disputing the succession of her youngest sister Béatrice to the county of Provence, she renounced her rights in 1287 and received Beaufort and Baugé. The testament of "Beatricis relictæ Raimundi Berengarii comitis Provinciæ", dated 14 Jan 1264, confirms her previous testaments appointing "Reginarum filiarum suarum Margarethæ Franciæ et Alienoræ Angliæ…" as her heirs[445]. The Chronicle of Guillaume de Nangis records the death in Paris in 1295 of "regina Franciæ Margareta" and her burial "in ecclesia sancti Dionysii in Francia juxta regem sanctissimum Ludovicum conjugem suum", adding that she had retired to "Parisius apud sanctum Marcellum cœnobium sororum minorum"[446].
     "m (Cathedral of St Etienne, Sens, Yonne 27 May 1234) LOUIS IX King of France, son of LOUIS VIII King of France & Infanta doña Blanca de Castilla (Château de Poissy, Yvelines 25 Apr 1214-killed in battle Tunis 25 Aug 1270, bur église de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis). "
Med Lands cites: She was Queen of France between 1234 and 1270.

     Don Jaime I Pedrez "el Conquistador" (?) Infante de Aragón, King of Aragón & Mallorca married Theresa Gil (?) de Vidaure, daughter of Juan (?) de Vidaure,
; Genealogics says married in secret.⁴ Don Jaime I Pedrez "el Conquistador" (?) Infante de Aragón, King of Aragón & Mallorca was born on 2 February 1208 at Montpellier, Herault, France; Genealogy.EU (Barcelona 2) says b. 2 Feb 1208; Genealogics says b. 13 Feb 1208; Louda & Maclagan says b. 1205.^10,4,11,12,5 He and Arumbaix/Erenburga (?) Cdsa de Urgel were engaged in 1209.^5,13 Don Jaime I Pedrez "el Conquistador" (?) Infante de Aragón, King of Aragón & Mallorca married Doña Leonor/Eleanor (?) Infanta de Castilla, daughter of Alfonso VIII "El Noble" Sanchez (?) King of Castile & Leon and Leonor (Eleanor) Pantagenet of England, Queen of Castile, on 6 June 1221 at Agreda, Spain (now),
;
His 1st wife.^{12,11,10,14,15,5} Don Jaime I Pedrez "el Conquistador" (?) Infante de Aragón, King of Aragón & Mallorca and Doña Leonor/Eleanor (?) Infanta de Castilla were divorced in August 1229.^12,11,15,5 Don Jaime I Pedrez "el Conquistador" (?) Infante de Aragón, King of Aragón & Mallorca married Yolande/Yolante/Jolan/Violante (?) of Hungary, daughter of Andras II (Andrew) (?) King of Hungary and Croatia and Yolande de Courtenay Queen of Hungary, on 8 September 1235 at Barcelona, Provinicia de Barcelona, Cateluna, Spain (now),
;
His 2nd wife.^{16,12,17,18,5} Don Jaime I Pedrez "el Conquistador" (?) Infante de Aragón, King of Aragón & Mallorca married Theresa Gil (?) de Vidaure, daughter of Juan (?) de Vidaure,
;
His 3rd wife.^12,10,5
Don Jaime I Pedrez "el Conquistador" (?) Infante de Aragón, King of Aragón & Mallorca died on 27 June 1276 at Monasterio Cistercio, Algericas, Aragon, Spain (now), at age 68.^{12,11,19,2,4,5}
Don Jaime I Pedrez "el Conquistador" (?) Infante de Aragón, King of Aragón & Mallorca was buried after 27 July 1279 at Poblet Monastery, Poblet, Cataluna, Spain; From Find A Grave:
     BIRTH     2 Feb 1208, Montpellier, Departement de l'Hérault, Languedoc-Roussillon, France
     DEATH     27 Jul 1276 (aged 68), Valencia, Provincia de València, Valenciana, Spain
     Aragon Royalty. Born Jaime Perez, heir of the Aragonese house as the son of Peter II the Catholic, he held the titles of Count of Barcelona, Valencia and Majorca. Ascended to the throne at a very young age (1213), he remained under the protection of the Order of the Templars and the regent Count of Roussillon. During the first fifteen years of his reign and up to 1229 he faced various difficulties in order to stabilize his position constantly threatened by the local aristocracy. Subsequently he was constantly engaged in war campaigns aimed at conquering further territories such as Majorca (1230), Minorca (1231), Valencia (1231-1245) and other smaller islands of the Balearic archipelago. For these endeavors Jamie I is known to historians as the Conqueror. He also participated without much success in the 1269 Crusade at Acre in the Holy Land. Bio by: Lucy & Chris
     Family Members
     Parents
          Pedro II Aragon 1178–1213
          Marie de Montpellier Aragón 1182–1213
     Spouses
          Leonor de Castilla y Plantagenet de Aragona 1202–1244
          Yolanda of Hungary 1216–1253
     Children
          Violant of Aragon 1236–1301
          Peter III King Of Aragon 1239–1285
          Constanca de Aragon 1240–1266
          Jaime II de Mallorca 1243–1311
          Sancha de Aragon 1246–1274
          Isabelle de Aragon 1247–1271
          Sancho de Aragon 1250–1275
     BURIAL     Poblet Monastery, Poblet, Provincia de Tarragona, Cataluna, Spain
     Maintained by: Find a Grave
     Originally Created by: José L Bernabé Tronchoni
     Added: 9 Oct 2003
     Find a Grave Memorial 7966537.²⁰
      ; Per Genealogics:
     “Jaime I 'the Conqueror', king of Aragón, was born on 12 February 1208, the only child of Pedro II of Aragón and Marie of Montpellier. His maternal grandparents were Guillem VIII de Montpellier, seigneur de Montpellier, Castries et Castelnau, and Eudokia Komnena.
     “As a child Jaime was a pawn of power politics in Provence, where his father was engaged in struggles in the wars between the Cathars of Albi and Simon de Montfort, 5th earl of Leicester. Pedro endeavoured to placate the northern Crusaders by arranging a marriage between his son Jaime and Simon's daughter, entrusting the boy to be educated in Montfort's care in 1211, but Pedro was soon forced to take up arms against them, and he was slain at the Battle of Muret on 12 September 1213. Montfort would willingly have used Jaime as a means of extending his own power. The Aragónese and Catalans, however, appealed to Pope Innocent III, who forced Montfort to surrender him in May or June 1214.
     “Jaime was now entrusted to the care of Guillem de Monredon, the head of the Knights Templar in Spain and Provence, and the regency fell to his great uncle Sancho, count of Roussillon, and his son, the king's cousin Nuño. The kingdom was given over to confusion until in 1216 the Templars and some of the more loyal nobles brought the young king to Zaragoza.
     “Jaime was a remarkable man, gallant, boastful and eccentric. After a false start at uniting Aragón with the kingdom of Navarre through a scheme of mutual adoption, Jaime was only in his 20s when he turned to the south and the Mediterranean sea; he conquered the Balearic Islands (Majorca in 1229, Menorca in 1232, and Ibiza in 1235) and Valencia (the city capitulated on 28 September 1238).
     “Having had his marriage to Eleonore of Castile annulled in 1229, on 8 September 1235 Jaime married Violante of Hungary, daughter of András II, king of Hungary and his second wife Yolande de Courtenay, the daughter of Pierre II de Courtenay, emperor of Constantinople and Yolande of Flanders. Jaime and Violante had ten children, of whom four would have progeny, including his heir Pedro, the future Pedro III, king of Aragón. Jaime had numerous illegitimate children with various mistresses.
     “With the French, Jaime endeavoured to form a state straddling the Pyrenees, to counterbalance the power of France north of the Loire. As with the earlier Visigothic attempt, this policy was victim of physical, cultural and political obstacles. As in the case of Navarre, he was too wise to launch into perilous adventures. By the treaty of Corbeil with Louis IX, signed in May 1258, he deliberately withdrew from conflict with the French king, and was content with the recognition of his position, and the surrender of antiquated and illusory French claims to the overlordship of Catalonia.
     “During his remaining two decades, Jaime warred with the Moors in the emirate of Murcia on behalf of his son-in-law Alfonso X 'the Wise' of Castile. He was nearly sixty when he personally led his army and added the emirate of Murcia to his kingdom. As a legislator and organiser he occupies a high place among the Spanish kings. The favour he showed his illegitimate offspring led to protest from the nobles, and to conflict between his sons legitimate and illegitimate. When one of the latter, the son of Blanca de Antillón, Fernan Sanchez, who had behaved with gross ingratitude and committed treason against his father, was slain by the legitimate son Pedro, the old king recorded his grim satisfaction.
     “In his later years he preferred to spend his time in dalliance with his mistresses. He was the only monarch who accepted Pope Gregory X's invitation to mount a Crusade. However his good sense, both too shrewd and too weary, kept him out of any involvement; this he preferred to leave to his son.
     “Having preserved his vigour to the last, he was little troubled by his excommunication by the Pope for his last illicit love affaire. At the close of his life Jaime divided his lands between his sons by Violante of Hungary. Pedro received the Hispanic possession on the mainland and Jaime the kingdom of Majorca (the Balearic Islands and the counties of Roussillon and Cerdanya) and the lordship of Montpellier, a division which inevitably produced fratricidal conflicts. Jaime fell very ill at Alzira and resigned his crown, intending to retire to the monastery of Poblet, but he died at Valencia on 7 July 1276, a king for sixty-three years.
     “At various times Jaime wrote or dictated stages of a chronicle of his own life, _Libre Dels Feitz,_ in Catalan, which is the first self-chronicle of a Christian king. As well as a fine example of autobiography, the _Book of Deeds_ expresses concepts of the power and purpose of monarchy, examples of loyalty and treachery in the feudal order, the growth of national sentiment based on homeland, language and culture, and medieval military tactics.”.⁴ EDV-22 GKJ-22.

Reference: Genealogics cites: Don Jaime I Pedrez "el Conquistador" (?) Infante de Aragón, King of Aragón & Mallorca was also known as James I King of Aragon.¹²

; This is the same person as ”James I of Aragon” at Wikipedia and as ”Jaime I de Aragón” at Wikipedia (ES).^21,22

; Per Genealogy.EU (Barcelona 2): “C1. King JAIME I "el Conquistador" of Aragon (1213-76), Balears (1229-76), Valencia (1238-76), led crusades against the Moors and was able to add the titles of King of Valencia and Majorca to the throne, *Montpellier 2.8.1207, +Valencia 27.7.1276; 1m: Agreda 6.6.1221 (annulled 1229) Leonor of Castile (*1202 +1244); 2m: Barcelona 8.9.1235 Violante of Hungary (*ca 1215 +27.7./12.10.1251); 3m: secretly, Teresa, dau.of Juan de Vidaure”.¹

; Per Med Lands:
     "Infante don JAIME de Aragón, son of PEDRO II King of Aragon & his wife Marie de Montpellier (Montpellier 1 Feb 1208-Valencia 27 Jul 1276, bur Poblet, monastery of Nuestra Señora). The Crónica de San Juan de la Peña names "Jaime" as son of Pedro II King of Aragon and his wife "la filla del noble princep Don Guillem de Montpeller…Maria, nieta del Emperador de Costantin noble"[367]. The Chronicle of Ramon Muntaner names "Jacques…roi d´Arragon…fils [de] Pierre roi d´Arragon et de…madame Marie de Montpellier"[368]. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "rex Iacobus Arragonensis" as son of "rege Petro Arragonum" & his wife[369]. The Thalamus de Montpellier records the birth 1 Feb 1207 (probably O.S.) of "Jacme rei dAragon lo fill de la regina dona de Montpellier"[370]. A "Chronique en Languedocien, tirée du cartulaire de Raymond le Jeune comte de Toulouse" records the birth in 1208 of "Jacmes Peire reis d´Arago"[371]. His father gave him into the custody of Simon de Montfort, who governed Béziers and Carcassonne in the King of Aragon’s name after their conquest in 1209, at Carcassonne. He succeeded his father in 1213 as JAIME I "el Conquistador" King of Aragon, Conde de Barcelona, Gerona, Osona, Besalú, Comte de Cerdagne/Cerdaña et de Roussillon. After his release from Carcassonne and return to Catalonia was negotiated, the Templars of Monzón took charge of him, with his great uncle Sancho acting as Regent. He conquered Mallorca from the Moors, the city of Mallorca falling 31 Dec 1229 after a prolonged siege. The Chronicle of Narbonne Saint-Paul records that "insula Majoricarum" was captured in 1230 by "dominum Jacobum"[372]. He proclaimed himself King of Mallorca 1230, deposing the wali Abu Yahya Hiqem. He launched the conquest of Valencia from Monzón Oct 1236, the city finally surrendering to a siege 28 Sep 1238. Proclaimed King of Valencia 1238. The Moors of Alicante offered to submit to him 1240, but Jaime refused on the grounds of his agreements with the King of Castile. He renounced all his rights in Occitania (except Montpellier and the Carladès) by the treaty of Corbeil May 1258 with Louis IX King of France. He besieged and captured Murcia Jan 1266, before turning the city over to Castile. He recorded the events of his life in his Book of Deeds (“Llibre dels feyts”). The testament of "Jac. Reg. Arag. et Maioric. et Valentiæ…Comitis Barchinonæ et Urgelli, et Domini Montpessulani" was published at Perpignan 28 Sep 1299 on behalf of "Jacobo…Rege Majorie, comite Rossilionis et Ceritanuæ ac domino Montispessulani" at the request of "Henrici…Comitis Rutenensis", with the seals of "domini Petri bonæ memoriæ et…domini Jacobi fratris sui"[373]. Under this testament, the king bequeathed the kingdoms of Aragon and Valencia, the county of Barcelona to "Infanti Petro filio nostro", the kingdom of Mallorca and Menorca, the lordship of Montpellier, "Comitatum Rossilionis et Cauquoliberum et…Conflent et comitatum Ceritaniæ et Vallem Aspirii" to "Infanti Jacobo filio nostro". Under the testament of "Jacobus…Rex Aragoniæ, Majoricarum et Valenciæ, Comes Barchinonæ et Urgelli, et Dominus Montispessulani", dated 26 Aug 1272, the king made bequests to "filius noster Infans Jacobus…filium nostrum primogenitum Infantem P…filiam nostram Domnam Yolant…filios…Philippi…Regis Franciæ et Domnæ Elizabet bonæ memoriæ Regina Franciæ filiæ nostræ, nepotes nostras…filios nostros Jacobum et Petrum quos legitime…ex Domna Teresia Ægidii de Bidaure…filios Infantis Domnæ Constantiæ quondam filiæ nostræ et Infantis domini Emanuelis fratris…Regis Castellæ, nepotes nostros"[374]. The Crónica de San Juan de la Peña records the death 3 Jul 1276 of King Jaime aged 72 and his burial "cerca el altar de Senyora Santa Maria en la Seu de Valencia"[375]. The Chronicle of Ramon Muntaner records the death "6 Jul 1276" of "le roi Jacques" and his burial at Poblet[376].
     "Betrothed (1209) to AUREMBIAIX Ctss de Urgel, daughter and heiress of ARMENGOL VIII Conde de Urgel & his wife Elvira Núñez de Luna ([1196][377]-Balaguer Aug 1231, bur San Hilario de Lérida). On the death of her father she was betrothed to Jaime, infant son of Pedro II King of Aragon, but the contract was cancelled. She concluded a secret protocol of concubinage with Jaime I King of Aragon 23 Oct 1228, under which he confirmed her rights to Urgel and the succession to the county of any son born from their union, nullified shortly afterwards by her second marriage. "Aurembiax…conmitissa Urgelensi filia…Hermengaudi comitis Urgelensis et dominæ Alviræ matris nostræ…commitissimæ" swore allegiance to the Order of Santiago, referring to her contracts to marry "Petrum Infantem Portugaliæ" and "Iacobo…Rege Aragoniæ", by charter dated 6 May 1229[378].
     "m firstly (Agreda 6 Feb 1221, separated end Apr 1229 on grounds of consanguinity) Infanta doña LEONOR de Castilla, daughter of ALFONSO VIII “el Noble” King of Castile & his wife Eleanor of England ([1202]-Burgos 1244, bur monastery of Santa María la Real at Las Huelgas). The Crónica de San Juan de la Peña records the marriage of Jaime I King of Aragon and "la filia del Rey de Castiella…Elionor", stating that the couple was separated on grounds of consanguinity and that Leonor was buried "en el monasterio de Beruela"[379]. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "Henricum qui iuvenis obiit et quinque sorores, prima Berengaria…secunda Urraca, tertia regina Francie, quarta Alienor, quinta Constantia monialis" as children of "sorore regis Anglie Richardi…Alienor…soror ex alio patre comitisse Marie Campaniensis", specifying that Leonor was "Arragonum regina"[380]. She became a nun at Las Huelgas after her separation from her husband.
     "m secondly (Barcelona 8 Sep 1235) IOLANDA of Hungary, daughter of ANDRÁS II King of Hungary & his second wife Yolande de Courtenay ([1215]-Huesca 12 Oct 1251). The Crónica de San Juan de la Peña records the second marriage of Jaime I King of Aragon and "la filla del Rey de Vngria…Ardeura la qual depues huuo nombre Violant nieta del Emperador de Constantin noble"[381]. She was known as VIOLANT in Catalonia. The Anales Toledanos record the death “IV Non Oct” in 1251 of “Dña Yoles, Regina Aragonum”[382]. The Chronicle of the Hôtel de Ville de Montpellier records the death in 1251 "D. Yoles regina Aragoniæ"[383]. The Thalamus de Montpellier records the death in Sep 1251 at Lérida of "la dona Yoles regina dAragon molher del rei Jacme"[384].
     "m thirdly (in secret) TERESA Gil de Vidaure, daughter of JUAN de Vidaure & his wife ---. The Crónica de San Juan de la Peña names "Jayme de Xérica et…Pedro de Ayerue" as the children of King Jaime and "Doña Teresa Gil de Bidaure"[385]. Under the testament of "Jacobus…Rex Aragoniæ, Majoricarum et Valenciæ, Comes Barchinonæ et Urgelli, et Dominus Montispessulani", dated 26 Aug 1272, the king made bequests to "…filios nostros Jacobum et Petrum quos legitime…ex Domna Teresia Ægidii de Bidaure…"[386].
     "Mistress (1): BLANCA de Antillón, daughter of barón SANCHO de Antillón & his wife ---. The primary source which confirms her parentage and relationship with King Jaime has not yet been identified.
     "Mistress (2): BERENGUELA Fernández, daughter of ---. Zurita names “Doña Berenguela Fernandez” as the mother of “D. Pedro Fernandez” who his father granted “la baronia de Ixar”[387].
     "Mistress (3): ---. The name of King Jaime's third mistress is not known.
     "Mistress (4): ---. The name of King Jaime's fourth mistress is not known.
     "Mistress (5): ([1260]-1270]) BERENGUELA Alfonso, Señora de Melgoso and Caldelas, widow of GONZALO Ramírez Froilaz, illegitimate daughter of Infante don ALFONSO de León Señor de Molina y Mesa & his mistress Teresa Pires de Bragança ([1230/35]-Narbonne 17 Jul 1272, bur Narbonne, convent of Saint-François). The Nobiliario of Pedro Conde de Barcelos names "D. Teresa Perez" as the mother of "D. Berenguela, amiga del Rey D. Jaime de Aragon…algunos dizen fue su muger", the daughter of "El Infante don Alonso"[388]."
Med Lands cites: He and Berenguela Fernandez (?) were associated;
His mistress.^4,5 Don Jaime I Pedrez "el Conquistador" (?) Infante de Aragón, King of Aragón & Mallorca and Berenguela Alfonso (?) were associated;
His mistress.⁵

; Per Med Lands:
     "AUREMBIAIX de Urgell ([1196][2232]-Balaguer Aug 1231, bur San Hilario de Lérida). The testament of "Ermengaudus…comes Urgelli" is dated 16 Oct 1209 and names "manumissores…Alviram comitissam Urgelli uxorem meam…", and appoints "filiam meam Aurenbiax" as his heir, the document making it clear that his surviving wife Elvira was the mother of his daughter[2233]. She succeeded her father in 1209 as Comtesa de Urgell. On the death of her father she was betrothed to Jaime, infant son of Pedro II King of Aragon, but the contract was cancelled. “Don Alvaro Pedrez...con mea mulier la condesa don Orembiax” granted property “en Villahan...[é] en el Molino” to “Juan de Tudela y a vuestra mulier Maria Migael” by charter dated May 1225, witnessed by “Don Suero Gomes filio de Gomes Soares, Don Pedro Martines filio de Don Martin Fernandes, Albar Gutierres, Fernand Pedrez hermano de D. Albaro, Albar Fernandes felio de D. Ferrand. Abbarez...”[2234]. "Don Orembiax…condesa de Urgel" donated property "en Bretavislo en el Cerrato", inherited from "mie madre la condesa doña Elvira", to "don Nuño Pedrez filio del conde don Pedro, mio cormano", by charter dated Jul 1228[2235]. She concluded a secret protocol of concubinage with Jaime I King of Aragon 23 Oct 1228, under which he confirmed her rights to Urgell and the succession to the county of any son born from their union, nullified shortly afterwards by her second marriage. "Aurembiax…conmitissa Urgelensi filia…Hermengaudi comitis Urgelensis et dominæ Alviræ matris nostræ…commitissimæ" swore allegiance to the Order of Santiago, referring to her contracts to marry "Petrum Infantem Portugaliæ" and "Iacobo…Rege Aragoniæ", by charter dated 6 May 1229[2236]. The De Rebus Hispaniæ of Rodericus Ximenes records the marriage of "Petrum", other son of "Rex…Sancius", and "filiam Argmengaudi Comitis Urgellensis"[2237].
     "Betrothed (1209) to Infante don JAIME de Aragón, son of PEDRO II King of Aragon & his wife Marie de Montpellier (Montpellier 1 Feb 1208-Valencia 27 Jul 1276, bur Poblet, monastery of Nuestra Señora). He succeeded his father in 1213 as JAIME I "el Conquistador" King of Aragon, Comte de Barcelona.
     "m firstly (1212[2238], annulled 1228) as his first wife, ÁLVARO Pérez de Castro, son of PEDRO Fernández de Castro "el Castellano" & his wife Jimena Gómez (-1240). Ricohombre de Castilla. Comte de Urgell by right of his first wife. Alférez of Alfonso IX King of León 1221-1222, mayordomo 3 May 1223.
     "m secondly (Valls 15 Jul 1229) Infante dom PEDRO de Portugal, son of SANCHO I King of Portugal & his wife Dulce de Barcelona (Coimbra 23 Feb 1187-Mallorca 2 Jun 1258, bur Palma de Mallorca, San Francisco). Mayordomo of Alfonso IX King of León 23 Sep 1223-18 Aug 1230. Comte de Urgell by right of his wife. He was granted Mallorca as a fief for life in 1231 by Jaime I King of Aragon, in return for confirmation of the latter's title to the county of Urgell: “Infans D. Petrus” granted “comitatum Urgelli” to “Domino Jacobo...Regi Aragonum et Regni Maioricarum, Comiti Barchinonæ et Domini Montis Pelusani” in return for receiving “Regnum Maioricarum...et Insulam Minoricensem” from the king by charter dated 29 Sep 1231[2239]. He lost Mallorca 1244."
Med Lands cites: Don Jaime I Pedrez "el Conquistador" (?) Infante de Aragón, King of Aragón & Mallorca was King of Aragon between 1213 and 1276.^23,12,6,2

     Yolande/Yolante/Jolan/Violante (?) of Hungary was born between 1215 and 1216 at Esztergom, Komarom-Esztergom, Hungary.² She married Don Jaime I Pedrez "el Conquistador" (?) Infante de Aragón, King of Aragón & Mallorca, son of Pedro II Alfonsez "el Catolico" (?) King of Aragón, Comte de Barcelona, Provence and Roussillon and Maria de Montpellier Dame de Montpellier, Dame de Muret, Queen of Aragón, on 8 September 1235 at Barcelona, Provinicia de Barcelona, Cateluna, Spain (now),
;
His 2nd wife.^7,1,2,4,8
Yolande/Yolante/Jolan/Violante (?) of Hungary died on 9 October 1251 at Huesca, Provincia de Huesca, Aragon, Spain.^2,1,4
     ; Per Genealogy.EU (Barcelona 2): “C1. King JAIME I "el Conquistador" of Aragon (1213-76), Balears (1229-76), Valencia (1238-76), led crusades against the Moors and was able to add the titles of King of Valencia and Majorca to the throne, *Montpellier 2.8.1207, +Valencia 27.7.1276; 1m: Agreda 6.6.1221 (annulled 1229) Leonor of Castile (*1202 +1244); 2m: Barcelona 8.9.1235 Violante of Hungary (*ca 1215 +27.7./12.10.1251); 3m: secretly, Teresa, dau.of Juan de Vidaure”.⁹
; Per Med Lands:
     "Infante don JAIME de Aragón, son of PEDRO II King of Aragon & his wife Marie de Montpellier (Montpellier 1 Feb 1208-Valencia 27 Jul 1276, bur Poblet, monastery of Nuestra Señora). The Crónica de San Juan de la Peña names "Jaime" as son of Pedro II King of Aragon and his wife "la filla del noble princep Don Guillem de Montpeller…Maria, nieta del Emperador de Costantin noble"[367]. The Chronicle of Ramon Muntaner names "Jacques…roi d´Arragon…fils [de] Pierre roi d´Arragon et de…madame Marie de Montpellier"[368]. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "rex Iacobus Arragonensis" as son of "rege Petro Arragonum" & his wife[369]. The Thalamus de Montpellier records the birth 1 Feb 1207 (probably O.S.) of "Jacme rei dAragon lo fill de la regina dona de Montpellier"[370]. A "Chronique en Languedocien, tirée du cartulaire de Raymond le Jeune comte de Toulouse" records the birth in 1208 of "Jacmes Peire reis d´Arago"[371]. His father gave him into the custody of Simon de Montfort, who governed Béziers and Carcassonne in the King of Aragon’s name after their conquest in 1209, at Carcassonne. He succeeded his father in 1213 as JAIME I "el Conquistador" King of Aragon, Conde de Barcelona, Gerona, Osona, Besalú, Comte de Cerdagne/Cerdaña et de Roussillon. After his release from Carcassonne and return to Catalonia was negotiated, the Templars of Monzón took charge of him, with his great uncle Sancho acting as Regent. He conquered Mallorca from the Moors, the city of Mallorca falling 31 Dec 1229 after a prolonged siege. The Chronicle of Narbonne Saint-Paul records that "insula Majoricarum" was captured in 1230 by "dominum Jacobum"[372]. He proclaimed himself King of Mallorca 1230, deposing the wali Abu Yahya Hiqem. He launched the conquest of Valencia from Monzón Oct 1236, the city finally surrendering to a siege 28 Sep 1238. Proclaimed King of Valencia 1238. The Moors of Alicante offered to submit to him 1240, but Jaime refused on the grounds of his agreements with the King of Castile. He renounced all his rights in Occitania (except Montpellier and the Carladès) by the treaty of Corbeil May 1258 with Louis IX King of France. He besieged and captured Murcia Jan 1266, before turning the city over to Castile. He recorded the events of his life in his Book of Deeds (“Llibre dels feyts”). The testament of "Jac. Reg. Arag. et Maioric. et Valentiæ…Comitis Barchinonæ et Urgelli, et Domini Montpessulani" was published at Perpignan 28 Sep 1299 on behalf of "Jacobo…Rege Majorie, comite Rossilionis et Ceritanuæ ac domino Montispessulani" at the request of "Henrici…Comitis Rutenensis", with the seals of "domini Petri bonæ memoriæ et…domini Jacobi fratris sui"[373]. Under this testament, the king bequeathed the kingdoms of Aragon and Valencia, the county of Barcelona to "Infanti Petro filio nostro", the kingdom of Mallorca and Menorca, the lordship of Montpellier, "Comitatum Rossilionis et Cauquoliberum et…Conflent et comitatum Ceritaniæ et Vallem Aspirii" to "Infanti Jacobo filio nostro". Under the testament of "Jacobus…Rex Aragoniæ, Majoricarum et Valenciæ, Comes Barchinonæ et Urgelli, et Dominus Montispessulani", dated 26 Aug 1272, the king made bequests to "filius noster Infans Jacobus…filium nostrum primogenitum Infantem P…filiam nostram Domnam Yolant…filios…Philippi…Regis Franciæ et Domnæ Elizabet bonæ memoriæ Regina Franciæ filiæ nostræ, nepotes nostras…filios nostros Jacobum et Petrum quos legitime…ex Domna Teresia Ægidii de Bidaure…filios Infantis Domnæ Constantiæ quondam filiæ nostræ et Infantis domini Emanuelis fratris…Regis Castellæ, nepotes nostros"[374]. The Crónica de San Juan de la Peña records the death 3 Jul 1276 of King Jaime aged 72 and his burial "cerca el altar de Senyora Santa Maria en la Seu de Valencia"[375]. The Chronicle of Ramon Muntaner records the death "6 Jul 1276" of "le roi Jacques" and his burial at Poblet[376].
     "Betrothed (1209) to AUREMBIAIX Ctss de Urgel, daughter and heiress of ARMENGOL VIII Conde de Urgel & his wife Elvira Núñez de Luna ([1196][377]-Balaguer Aug 1231, bur San Hilario de Lérida). On the death of her father she was betrothed to Jaime, infant son of Pedro II King of Aragon, but the contract was cancelled. She concluded a secret protocol of concubinage with Jaime I King of Aragon 23 Oct 1228, under which he confirmed her rights to Urgel and the succession to the county of any son born from their union, nullified shortly afterwards by her second marriage. "Aurembiax…conmitissa Urgelensi filia…Hermengaudi comitis Urgelensis et dominæ Alviræ matris nostræ…commitissimæ" swore allegiance to the Order of Santiago, referring to her contracts to marry "Petrum Infantem Portugaliæ" and "Iacobo…Rege Aragoniæ", by charter dated 6 May 1229[378].
     "m firstly (Agreda 6 Feb 1221, separated end Apr 1229 on grounds of consanguinity) Infanta doña LEONOR de Castilla, daughter of ALFONSO VIII “el Noble” King of Castile & his wife Eleanor of England ([1202]-Burgos 1244, bur monastery of Santa María la Real at Las Huelgas). The Crónica de San Juan de la Peña records the marriage of Jaime I King of Aragon and "la filia del Rey de Castiella…Elionor", stating that the couple was separated on grounds of consanguinity and that Leonor was buried "en el monasterio de Beruela"[379]. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "Henricum qui iuvenis obiit et quinque sorores, prima Berengaria…secunda Urraca, tertia regina Francie, quarta Alienor, quinta Constantia monialis" as children of "sorore regis Anglie Richardi…Alienor…soror ex alio patre comitisse Marie Campaniensis", specifying that Leonor was "Arragonum regina"[380]. She became a nun at Las Huelgas after her separation from her husband.
     "m secondly (Barcelona 8 Sep 1235) IOLANDA of Hungary, daughter of ANDRÁS II King of Hungary & his second wife Yolande de Courtenay ([1215]-Huesca 12 Oct 1251). The Crónica de San Juan de la Peña records the second marriage of Jaime I King of Aragon and "la filla del Rey de Vngria…Ardeura la qual depues huuo nombre Violant nieta del Emperador de Constantin noble"[381]. She was known as VIOLANT in Catalonia. The Anales Toledanos record the death “IV Non Oct” in 1251 of “Dña Yoles, Regina Aragonum”[382]. The Chronicle of the Hôtel de Ville de Montpellier records the death in 1251 "D. Yoles regina Aragoniæ"[383]. The Thalamus de Montpellier records the death in Sep 1251 at Lérida of "la dona Yoles regina dAragon molher del rei Jacme"[384].
     "m thirdly (in secret) TERESA Gil de Vidaure, daughter of JUAN de Vidaure & his wife ---. The Crónica de San Juan de la Peña names "Jayme de Xérica et…Pedro de Ayerue" as the children of King Jaime and "Doña Teresa Gil de Bidaure"[385]. Under the testament of "Jacobus…Rex Aragoniæ, Majoricarum et Valenciæ, Comes Barchinonæ et Urgelli, et Dominus Montispessulani", dated 26 Aug 1272, the king made bequests to "…filios nostros Jacobum et Petrum quos legitime…ex Domna Teresia Ægidii de Bidaure…"[386].
     "Mistress (1): BLANCA de Antillón, daughter of barón SANCHO de Antillón & his wife ---. The primary source which confirms her parentage and relationship with King Jaime has not yet been identified.
     "Mistress (2): BERENGUELA Fernández, daughter of ---. Zurita names “Doña Berenguela Fernandez” as the mother of “D. Pedro Fernandez” who his father granted “la baronia de Ixar”[387].
     "Mistress (3): ---. The name of King Jaime's third mistress is not known.
     "Mistress (4): ---. The name of King Jaime's fourth mistress is not known.
     "Mistress (5): ([1260]-1270]) BERENGUELA Alfonso, Señora de Melgoso and Caldelas, widow of GONZALO Ramírez Froilaz, illegitimate daughter of Infante don ALFONSO de León Señor de Molina y Mesa & his mistress Teresa Pires de Bragança ([1230/35]-Narbonne 17 Jul 1272, bur Narbonne, convent of Saint-François). The Nobiliario of Pedro Conde de Barcelos names "D. Teresa Perez" as the mother of "D. Berenguela, amiga del Rey D. Jaime de Aragon…algunos dizen fue su muger", the daughter of "El Infante don Alonso"[388]."
Med Lands cites: EDV-22 GKJ-22.
; Per Genealogy.EU: "E3. King András II of Hungary and Croatia (1205-35) -cr 29.5.1205, *1176, +21.9.1235, bur Egres; 1m: before 1203 Gertrude von Andechs (+murdered 8.9.1213); 2m: 1215 Yolande de Courtenay (*1200 +1233); 3m: Székesfehérvár 14.5.1234 Beatrice d'Este (*1215 +1245.)²"

     Teobaldo (Thibault) I-IV "le Grand" (?) King of Navarre, Cte de Champagne et de Brie was born on 30 May 1201 at Troyes, Departement de l'Aube, Champagne-Ardenne, France (now).^2,3,12,6,13 He and Margaret de Huntingdon were engaged in 1219; Per Med Lands: "[621]Betrothed (1219) MARGARET of Scotland, daughter of WILLIAM I "the Lion" King of Scotland & his wife Ermengarde de Beaumont (1193-1259, bur Church of the Black Friars, London)."
Med Lands cites: [621] Evans, C. F. E. 'The matrilineal descent of Queen Victoria', Genealogists' Magazine (1964), Vol. 14, pp. 273-7, reprinted in Edwards, S.^7,14 Teobaldo (Thibault) I-IV "le Grand" (?) King of Navarre, Cte de Champagne et de Brie married Gertrude (?) gräfin von Dagsburg, daughter of Albrecht II von Dagsburg Graf von Dagsburg und Metz and Gertrud (?) von Baden, in May 1220
;
His 1st wife; her 2nd husband.^{15,16,3,6,17,7} Teobaldo (Thibault) I-IV "le Grand" (?) King of Navarre, Cte de Champagne et de Brie married Agnes de Beaujeu, daughter of Guichard IV/V "le Grand" de Beaujeu seigneur de Beaujeu, Connétable de France and Sibylle (?) de Hainaut, between 1222 and 1225
;
His 2nd wife; Med Lands says m. 1222.^{18,19,3,6,20,7} Teobaldo (Thibault) I-IV "le Grand" (?) King of Navarre, Cte de Champagne et de Brie and Gertrude (?) gräfin von Dagsburg were divorced circa 13 July 1222.^16,3 Teobaldo (Thibault) I-IV "le Grand" (?) King of Navarre, Cte de Champagne et de Brie and Yolande de Dreux Cts de Penthievre et de Porhoet were engaged in 1231.^21,7 Teobaldo (Thibault) I-IV "le Grand" (?) King of Navarre, Cte de Champagne et de Brie married Marguerite de Bourbon Queen of Navarre and Champagne, daughter of Archambaud VIII «Le Grand» de Bourbon seigneur de Bourbon and Alix (Guigonne) de Forez, on 22 September 1232
;
His 3rd wife.^{2,22,23,3,24,6,7}
Teobaldo (Thibault) I-IV "le Grand" (?) King of Navarre, Cte de Champagne et de Brie died on 8 July 1253 at Pamplona, Provincia de Navarra, Navarra, Spain, at age 52.^{25,4,2,3,12,6,13}
Teobaldo (Thibault) I-IV "le Grand" (?) King of Navarre, Cte de Champagne et de Brie was buried after 8 July 1253 at Cathedral of Pamplona, Pamplona, Provincia de Navarra, Navarre, Spain; From Find A Grave:
     BIRTH     30 May 1201, Troyes, Departement de l'Aube, Champagne-Ardenne, France
     DEATH     8 Jul 1253 (aged 52), Pamplona, Provincia de Navarra, Navarra, Spain
     Theobald I (Thibaut IV) (30 May 1201 – 8 July 1253), called the Troubadour, the Chansonnier, and the Posthumous, was Count of Champagne (as Theobald IV) from birth and King of Navarre from 1234. He was the first Frenchman to rule Navarre.
     Born in Troyes, he was the son of Theobald III of Champagne and Blanca of Navarre, the youngest daughter of Sancho VI of Navarre. His father died before he was born, and Blanca (Blanche in French) ruled the county as regent until Theobald turned twenty-one in 1222. He was a notable Trouvère, and many of his songs have survived, including some with music.
     The first half of Theobald's life was plagued by a number of difficulties. His uncle, Count Henry II, had left behind a great deal of debt, which was far from paid off when Theobald's father died. Further, Theobald's right to the succession was challenged by Henry's daughter Philippa and her husband, Erard I of Brienne, Count of Ramerupt and one of the more powerful nobles of Champagne.
     The conflict with Erard and Philippa broke into open warfare in 1215 as the Champagne War of Succession, and was not resolved until after Theobald came of age in 1222. At that time he bought out their rights for a substantial monetary payment. Some years later, in 1234, he had to spend still more to buy off Philippa's elder sister Alice, Queen of Cyprus. The settlement of 1222 did not end Theobald's problems, for in the following years he antagonized Louis VIII.
     At the death of Louis VIII, Theobald's political situation was difficult: he had abandoned the king in his campaigns, there were rumors that he had poisoned him, and he was barred from the coronation of Louis IX. At the beginning of the regency of Blanche of Castile, he abandoned a conspiracy against the French king, which also included Hugues de Lusignan and Pierre Mauclerc, and cemented a strong relation with the regent. Many have hinted at a possible love for Blanche, and he wrote a poetical homage to her. He became so influential at court, that other barons resented him and started a rebellion in 1229.
     The first chronicler to report the rumors about a love affair between Theobald and Queen Blanche was Roger of Wendover. Wendover claims that Theobald, "tormented by passion" for the queen, tried to poison King Louis VIII at the siege of Avignon. Matthew Paris adds a story that the French nobles goaded the young King Louis IX to challenge Theobald to a duel to avenge his father's death, but that Blanche put a stop to the duel.
     In the following years, however, he antagonized the young king of France Louis IX, which led to an invasion of Champagne by a group of French barons. They were driven off at the cost of further expense and hardship in Champagne. Thus in order to settle with Alice, Theobald had to sell his overlordship over the counties of Blois, Sancerre, and Chateaudun to the king.
     Theobald experienced a reversal of his fortunes in 1234, when he succeeded his uncle Sancho VII of Navarre as King of Navarre. While Sancho's will named James I of Aragon as his heir, the Navarrese ignored this and elected Theobald, son of Sancho's sister. Theobald was in Pamplona at the time of Sancho's death and he immediately affirmed the fueros of the realm. This greatly increased his resources (not to mention his prestige), and the remaining years of his rule were far more peaceful and prosperous.
     As king, Theobald sealed pacts with the Crown of Castile and that of Aragon, and the Kingdom of England. He entrusted most of the government to nobles of Champagne and divided Navarre into four new districts based on fiscal functions and maintenance of public order. He began the codification of the law in the Cartulario Magno and wrote down the Navarrese traditions known as the Fuero General.
     In order to gain the support of Castile, he married his daughter Blanca to the infante Alfonso, later Alfonso X. By the marriage pact, Ferdinand III of Leon offered the lands of Guipúzcoa as long as Theobald lived, but not those of Alava to which the Navarrese monarchs had long laid claim. But with Guipúzcoa he would have attained direct access to the Cantabrian Sea. This alliance was never effected, however, as it would have meant the incorporation of Navarre as a feudum of Castile. The next year, Theobald engaged his daughter to John I, Duke of Brittany, the son of his close crusading ally Peter of Dreux.
     It was in 1239 that Theobald directed a crusading host to the Holy Land. Militarily, his crusade was not glorious. He spent much time dallying at pleasant Acre (where he wrote a poem to his wife) before moving on Ascalon, where he began the construction of a castle. He fought two minor battles, one was a slight victory. The second battle, near Gaza was a decisive defeat. He negotiated with the Ayyubids of Damascus and Egypt and finalized a treaty with the former against the latter whereby the Kingdom of Jerusalem regained Jerusalem itself, plus Bethlehem, Nazareth, and most of the region of Galilee with many Templar castles, like Belfort. Some contemporary sources even imply that the whole of the land between the Jordan River and the Mediterranean was put back in crusader hands. It is debatable how much of the ultimate success of the crusade (the most successful since the First in territorial terms) was attributable to Theobald's intentions and how much was just fortuitous. He returned from Palestine late in 1240, before Richard of Cornwall arrived, because he did not wish to be present during any more debating over the leadership and direction of the enterprise.
     In 1240, he is said to have brought back the rose called "Provins", (Latin name rosa gallica 'officinalis', the Apothecary's Rose), from Damascus. He kept it all the way from Damascus to Provins "in his helmet". He also brought back a piece of the true cross and it is traditionally said that he also brought back the Chardonnay grape which is an important component of champagne.
     Theobald passed most of the remainder of his reign traveling back and forth between Navarre and Champagne. He was at odds with the bishop of Pamplona, Pedro Jimenez de Gazólaz, who held a provincial synod in 1250 to excommunicate him. He refused to respond to papal tribunals, but Pope Innocent IV conceded him the privilege of kings: nobody could excommunicate him save the Holy See. Theobald died at Pamplona, on a return from one of his many visits to Champagne. He was buried in the Cathedral of Pamplona. He was succeeded first by his elder son Theobald II and then by his younger son Henry I.
     Family Members
     Parents
          Theobald III Of Champagne 1179–1201
          Blanche de Navarre 1177–1229
     Spouses
          Gertrud von Dagsburg 1206–1225 (m. 1220)
          Agnès De Beaujeu Navarre unknown–1231 (m. 1222)
          Margaret de Bourbon 1216–1258
     Children
          Blanche de Navarre 1226–1283
          Thibaut II de Navarra 1238–1270
          Henri of Navarra 1244–1274
     BURIAL     , Cathedral of Pamplona, Pamplona, Provincia de Navarra, Navarra, Spain
     Maintained by: Anne Shurtleff Stevens
     Originally Created by: Jerry Ferren
     Added: 4 Mar 2011
     Find A Grave Memorial 66460993.¹²
     Reference: Genealogics cites:

; Per Wikipedia:
     "Theobald I (French: Thibaut, Spanish: Teobaldo; 30 May 1201 – 8 July 1253), also called the Troubadour and the Posthumous, was Count of Champagne (as Theobald IV) from birth and King of Navarre from 1234. He initiated the Barons' Crusade, was famous as a trouvère, and was the first Frenchman to rule Navarre.
Rule of Champagne
Regency of Champagne
     "Born in Troyes, he was the son of Theobald III of Champagne and Blanche of Navarre,[1] the youngest daughter of Sancho VI of Navarre.[2] His father died less than a week before he was born, and Blanche ruled the county as regent until Theobald turned twenty-one in 1222. He was a notable trouvère, and many of his songs have survived, including some with music.
     "The first half of Theobald's life was plagued by a number of difficulties. His uncle, Count Henry II, had left behind a great deal of debt, which was far from paid off when Theobald's father died. Further, Theobald's right to the succession was challenged by Henry's daughter Philippa and her husband, Erard I of Brienne, Count of Ramerupt, and one of the more powerful nobles of Champagne.
     "The conflict with Erard and Philippa broke into open warfare in 1215 as the Champagne War of Succession, and was not resolved until after Theobald came of age in 1222. At that time he bought out their rights for a substantial monetary payment. Some years later, in 1234, he had to spend still more to buy off Philippa's elder sister Alice, Queen of Cyprus. The settlement of 1222 did not end Theobald's problems, for in the following years he antagonized Louis VIII.
Conflict with the crown
     "Unfortunately, once he came of age Theobald personal rule was initially marked by a series of difficulties.
     "Theobald IV came into conflict with Louis VIII of France (1223–26) over the restrictive policies the new king tried to enforce on Jews in France. In his Etablissement sur les Juifs of November 8, 1223, Louis VIII declared that interest on Jews' debts should no longer hold good (though at the same time it also ordered that the capital should be repaid to the Jews in three years), that the debts due the Jews should be inscribed and placed under the control of their lords. The lords then collected the debts for the Jews, doubtless receiving a commission. Twenty-six barons accepted Louis VIII's new measures, but Theobald IV did not, since he had an agreement with the Jews that guaranteed their safety in return for extra income through taxation. Theobald IV and his mother had relied on this extra income during the Succession War of his minority. Champagne's capital at Troyes was where Rashi had lived a century before, and Champagne continued to have a prosperous Jewish population. Theobald IV's refusal to enact Louis VIII's new antagonistic policies towards the Jews enlarged a growing feud between the two men.
     "During the siege of Avignon in 1226, part of the Albigensian Crusade, due to his disagreements with the king, Theobald IV performed only the minimum service of 40 days and then went home. Unfortunately, Louis VIII died of dysentery soon after he left, leading some to accuse Theobald IV of treachery. At the death of Louis VIII, Theobald's political situation was difficult: he had abandoned the king in his campaigns, there were rumors that he had poisoned him, and he was barred from the coronation of Louis IX (his mother Blanche went instead). At the beginning of the regency of Blanche of Castile, he abandoned a conspiracy against the French king, which also included Hugh X of Lusignan and Peter I of Brittany,[3] and cemented a strong relation with the regent.
     "Strong rumors began to spread that Theobald IV was having an affair with Louis VIII's widow, the regent Blanche of Castile, for whom he composed a poetic homage. Queen Blanche and Theobald IV's father Theobald III were both grandchildren of Eleanor of Aquitaine. The first chronicler to report the rumors about a love affair between Theobald and Blanche was Roger of Wendover. Wendover claims that Theobald, "tormented by passion" for the queen, tried to poison King Louis VIII at the siege of Avignon. Matthew Paris adds a story that the French nobles goaded the young King Louis IX to challenge Theobald to a duel to avenge his father's death, but that Blanche put a stop to the duel. Theobald IV was becoming increasingly influential at court, and the other great counts of France were becoming resentful. It is possible that the rumors of an affair with the queen were indeed unfounded, and merely fabricated by other barons jealous of his position at court. In general, the other barons were jealous of the strengthened County of Champagne which had emerged from the Succession War, and now presented a major rival to surrounding areas.
     "Whatever the case, the resentful other barons invaded Champagne from 1229-1230. Ironically, the alliances in the invasion were reversed from the arrangement they had been in during the Succession War: Count Henry II of Bar attacked Champagne from the east, prompting Theobald IV to ally with Lorraine to attack the County of Bar. Simon of Joinville, who had fought for the rebel faction during the Succession War, now allied with Theobald IV against the external threat, and aided him in ravaging Bar, which was on the northern border of Joinville's own lands. Unfortunately, the conflict with the County of Bar prompted the more powerful Duchy of Burgundy to invade Champagne from the south, led by Duke Hugh IV (his father Odo III, Blanche of Navarre's staunch ally, had died in 1218). This provoked Queen Blanche to intervene, in order to stop the spread of the conflict.
     "Theobald IV was able to repulse the attackers, but at great cost. Champagne's economy was so depleted by these two major wars, as well as the crusading debts of Theobald IV's father and uncle, that Theobald IV had to sell off his overlordship of the counties west of Paris that his ancestors held before expanding east to Champagne: Blois, Sancerre, and Chateaudun. Another major blow to morale came near the start of the invasion of 1229, when Blanche of Navarre died (of natural causes) while in retirement at Argensolles convent. Moreover, Theobald IV's second wife Agnes of Beaujeu suddenly died in 1231, leaving Theobald IV with only their five-year-old daughter, Blanche. This left Champagne in need of a male heir, prompting Theobald IV to remarry in 1232 to Margaret of Bourbon. The situation reached its nadir in 1233, when Henry II's elder daughter Queen Alice of Cyprus threatened to reprise the succession war of Theobald IV's minority yet again. Theobald IV was able to pay off Alice to make her abandon her claim, but this massive expenditure left him even further in debt.
Rule of Navarre
     "Theobald succeeded his uncle Sancho VII of Navarre as King of Navarre. Theobald was in Pamplona at the time of Sancho's death and he immediately affirmed the fueros of the realm. This greatly increased his resources (not to mention his prestige), and the remaining years of his rule were far more peaceful and prosperous. The lords and barons of Northern France who had been in conflict with Theobald IV in 1229 left him in peace, realizing that as the new king of Navarre, his position was too strong to challenge.
Domestic and foreign policy
     "As king, Theobald sealed pacts with the Crown of Castile and that of Aragon, and the Kingdom of England. He entrusted most of the government to nobles of Champagne and divided Navarre into four new districts based on fiscal functions and maintenance of public order. He began the codification of the law in the Cartulario Magno and set down on paper the Navarrese traditions known as the Fuero General, not systematically recorded until that time and kept up following Basque traditions in use on the different districts of the kingdom.
     "In order to gain the support of Castile, he had his daughter Blanche engaged to the future Alfonso X. By the marriage pact, Ferdinand III of León offered the lands of Guipúzcoa as long as Theobald lived, but not those of Álava to which the Navarrese monarchs had long laid claim. But with Guipúzcoa he would have attained direct access to the Cantabrian Sea. This alliance was never effected, however, as it would have meant the incorporation of Navarre as a feudum of Castile. The next year, Theobald engaged his daughter to John I, Duke of Brittany, the son of his close crusading ally Peter of Dreux.
Barons' Crusade
     "It was in 1239 that Theobald directed a crusading host to the Holy Land. Militarily, the Barons' Crusade was not glorious, but it led to several diplomatic successes. He spent much time dallying at pleasant Acre (where he wrote a poem to his wife) before moving on Ascalon, where he began the construction of a castle. Whilst marching the crusader army to Ascalon, a contingent of 400 knights led by Hugh of Burgundy, Henry of Bar, and Amaury of Montfort chose to engage Muslim forces at Gaza.[4] The contingent was defeated before Theobald's forces arrived to rescue them.[4]
     "Theobald negotiated with the Ayyubids of Damascus and Egypt, who were at odds with each other at the time, finalizing a treaty with the former (in the north) against the latter (in the south) whereby the Kingdom of Jerusalem regained Jerusalem itself, plus Bethlehem, Nazareth, and most of the region of Galilee with many Templar castles, such as Belfort and Saphet.[5] He also negotiated a truce with the Egyptians.[6] Some contemporary sources even imply that the whole of the land between the Jordan River and the Mediterranean was put back in crusader hands.
     "It is debatable how much of the ultimate success of the crusade (the most successful since the First in territorial terms) was attributable to Theobald's intentions and how much was just fortuitous. He returned from Palestine late in 1240, before Richard of Cornwall arrived, because he did not wish to be present during any more debating over the leadership and direction of the enterprise. Souvenirs that he brought back to Europe included the rose called "Provins" (Latin name rosa gallica 'officinalis', the Apothecary's Rose) from Damascus, transporting it "in his helmet"; a piece of the true cross; and perhaps the Chardonnay grape which in modern times is an important component of champagne.
Conflict with Church and final years
Theobald spent most of the remainder of his reign travelling back and forth between Navarre and Champagne. He was at odds with the bishop of Pamplona, Pedro Jiménez de Gazólaz, who held a provincial synod in 1250 to excommunicate him. He refused to respond to papal tribunals, but Pope Innocent IV conceded him the privilege of kings: nobody could excommunicate him save the Holy See. Theobald died at Pamplona, on a return from one of his many visits to Champagne. He was buried in the Cathedral of Pamplona. He was succeeded first by his elder son Theobald II and then by his younger son Henry I.
Marriages and issue
     "Theobald married three times. He married Gertrude of Dagsburg in 1220,[1] and divorced her two years later when he came of age. They had no children.
     "Secondly, in 1222, he married Agnes of Beaujeu.[1] The marriage produced at least one child:
Blanche of Navarre, Duchess of Brittany
     "Agnes died in 1231. Theobald married thirdly to Margaret of Bourbon.[1] Theobald and Margaret had six children:
-- Eleanor (born 1233, died young)
-- Peter (died young)
-- Margaret, in 1255 married to Frederick III, Duke of Lorraine[7]
-- Theobald II of Navarre[1]
-- Beatrix
-- Henry I of Navarre
     "Theobald had at least two daughters out of wedlock.
     "With an unknown mistress, he had Agnes, who married Álvar Pérez de Azagra, 4th Lord of Albarracín. at an unknown age
     "With Marquesa López de Rada, daughter of Lope Díaz de Rada and Brunisende of Narbonne, he had Marquesa Gil de Rada, who married Pedro Fernández, baron of Hijar, illegitimate son of king Jaime I of Aragon.
Notes
a. In March 1238, Pedro Fernández de Azagra and king Theobald agreed on the marriage of Álvar and Inés. The agreement was reached in Tudela and is recorded in the Royal Charters, Tome II of the Archivo General de Navarra.
References
1. Evergates 2007, p. 248.
2. O'Callaghan 1975, p. 680.
3. William of Puylaurens 2003, p. 81.
4. Burgtorf 2011, p. 331-332.
5. Tyerman 2006, p. 767.
6. Richard 1999, p. 325.
7. Fray 2007, p. 270.
Sources
-- Burgtorf, Jochen (2011). "Battle of Gaza (1239)". In Mikaberidze, Alexander (ed.) Conflict and Conquest in the Islamic World: A Historical Encyclopedia. Vol. I. ABC-CLIO.
-- Evergates, Theodore (2007). The Aristocracy in the County of Champagne, 1100-1300. University of Pennsylvania Press.
-- Fray, Jean-Luc (2007). Villes et bourgs de Lorraine: réseaux urbains et centralité au Moyen Âge (in French). Presses Universitaires Blaise-Pascal.
-- O'Callaghan, Joseph F. (1975). A History of Medieval Spain. Cornell University Press.
-- Richard, Jean (1999). The Crusades, C.1071-c.1291. Translated by Birrell, Jean. Cambridge University Press.
-- Tyerman, Christopher (2006). God's War:A New History of the Crusades. Penguin Books.
-- William of Puylaurens (2003). The Chronicle of William of Puylaurens: The Albigensian Crusade and its Aftermath. Translated by Sibly, W.A; Sibly, M.D. Boydell Press."¹³

; Per Genealogy.EU:

; Per Genealogics:
     "Thibaut was born about 30 May 1201, the son of Thibaut III, comte de Champagne, and Blanche de Navarre, youngest daughter of Sancho VI, king of Navarre. Called 'the Troubadour', 'the Chansonnier', and 'the Posthumous', he was count of Champagne (as Thibaut IV) from birth and king of Navarre from 1234.
     "Thibaut's father died before he was born, and Blanche ruled the county as regent until Thibaut turned twenty-one in 1222. He was a notable troubadour, and many of his songs have survived, including some with music.
     "Thibaut married three times. His first, in 1220 to Gertrud von Dagsburg, ended in divorce in 1222, on grounds of consanguinity, when he came of age. In that year he married Agnès de Beaujeu, daughter of Guichard IV 'le Grand', sire de Beaujeu, and Sibylle of Flanders. That marriage produced a daughter Blanche, but Thibaut and Agnes separated in 1227. After Agnès's death on 11 July 1231, Thibaut contracted his third marriage, on 12 September 1232, to Marguerite de Bourbon, daughter of Archambault VIII de Dampierre, seigneur de Bourbon, and his first wife Guigone de Forez. Thibaut and Marguerite had six children of whom four would have progeny, including both his successors as king of Navarre. Thibaut also had several illegitimate children.
     "The first half of Thibaut's life was plagued by a number of difficulties. His uncle Henri II, comte de Champagne, king-consort of Jerusalem, had left behind a great deal of debt, which was far from paid when Thibaut's father died. Further, Thibaut's right to the succession was challenged by Henri's daughter Philippe de Champagne and her husband Erard I de Brienne, seigneur de Rameru et Venisy, comte de Brienne, one of the more powerful nobles of Champagne.
     "The conflict with Erard and Philippe broke into open warfare in 1215, and was not resolved until after Thibaut came of age in 1222. At that time he bought out their rights for a substantial monetary payment. Some years later, in 1234, he had to spend still more to buy off Philippe's elder sister Alix, wife of Hugues I de Lusignan, king of Cyprus. The settlement of 1222 did not end Thibaut's problems, for in the following years he antagonised King Louis VIII.
     "At the death of Louis VIII Thibaut's political situation was difficult: he had abandoned the king in his campaigns, there were rumours that he had poisoned him, and he was barred from the coronation of Louis IX. At the beginning of the regency of Blanche of Castile, he abandoned a conspiracy against the French king, which also included Hugues de Lusignan and Pierre Mauclerc, and cemented a strong relationship with the regent. Many have hinted at a possible love for Blanche, and he wrote a poetical homage to her. He became so influential at court that other barons resented him and started a rebellion in 1229.
     "The first chronicler to report the rumours about a love affaire between Thibaut and Queen Blanche was Roger of Wendover. Wendover claims that Thibaut, 'tormented by passion' for the queen, tried to poison King Louis VIII at the siege of Avignon. Matthew Paris adds a story that the French nobles goaded the young King Louis IX to challenge Thibaut to a duel to avenge his father's death, but that Blanche put a stop to it.
     "In the following years, however, he antagonised the young Louis IX, which led to an invasion of Champagne by a group of French barons. They were driven off at the cost of further expense and hardship in Champagne. In order to settle with Alix, Thibaut had to sell his overlordship of the counties of Blois, Sancerre, and Chateaudun to the king.
     "Thibaut experienced a reversal of his fortunes in 1234, when he succeeded his uncle Sancho VII of Navarre as king of Navarre. While Sancho's will named Jaime I, king of Aragón as his heir, the Navarrese ignored this and elected Thibaut, son of Sancho's sister. Thibaut was in Pamplona at the time of Sancho's death and he immediately affirmed the laws of the realm. This greatly increased his resources (not to mention his prestige), and the remaining years of his rule were far more peaceful and prosperous.
     "As king, Thibaut sealed pacts with the crowns of Castile and of Aragón, and with the kingdom of England. He entrusted most aspects of the government to nobles of Champagne and divided Navarre into four new districts based on fiscal functions and maintenance of public order. He began the codification of the law in the _Cartulario Magno_ and wrote down the Navarrese traditions known as the _Fuero General._
     "In order to gain the support of Castile, he married his daughter Blanche to the Infante Alfonso, later Alfonso X. By the marriage pact, Fernando III of León offered the lands of Guipuzcoa as long as Thibaut lived, but not those of Alava to which the Navarrese monarchs had long laid claim. But with Guipuzcoa he would have attained direct access to the Cantabrian sea. This alliance was never effected, however, as it would have meant the incorporation of Navarre as a fiefdom of Castile. The next year, Thibaut engaged his daughter Blanche to Jean I 'le Roux', the son of his close crusading ally Pierre I, duc de Bretagne.
     "In 1238 Thibaut directed a crusading host to the Holy Land. Militarily his crusade was not glorious. He spent much time dallying at pleasant Acre (where he wrote a poem to his wife) before moving on Ascalon, where he began the construction of a castle. He fought two minor battles, one a slight victory and the other a disaster. He negotiated with the Ayyubids of Damascus and Egypt and finalised a treaty with the former against the latter whereby the kingdom of Jerusalem regained Jerusalem itself, plus Bethlehem, Nazareth, and most of the region of Galilee with Templar castles like Belfort. Some contemporary sources even imply that the whole of the land between the Jordan River and the Mediterranean was put back in crusader hands. It is debatable how much of the ultimate success of the crusade (the most successful since the First in territorial terms) was attributed to Thibaut's intentions and how much was fortuitous. He returned from Palestine late in 1240, before Richard of Cornwall arrived, because he did not wish to be present during any more debating over the leadership and direction of the enterprise.
     "Thibaut passed most of the remainder of his reign travelling back and forth between Navarre and Champagne. He was at odds with the bishop of Pamplona, Pedro Jiménez de Gazólaz, who held a provincial synod in 1250 to excommunicate him. He refused to respond to papal tribunals, but Pope Innocent IV conceded him the privilege of kings: nobody could excommunicate him save the Holy See.
     "Thibaut died in the bishop's palace at Pamplona early July 1253, on a return from one of his many visits to Champagne. He was buried in the cathedral of Pamplona. He was succeeded first by his elder son Thibaut V and then by his younger son Enrique I, both children of his third marriage."⁶ Teobaldo (Thibault) I-IV "le Grand" (?) King of Navarre, Cte de Champagne et de Brie was also known as Theobald I King of Navarre.^4,12 Teobaldo (Thibault) I-IV "le Grand" (?) King of Navarre, Cte de Champagne et de Brie was also known as Thibault I of Champagne, King of Navarre.¹⁰ EDV-21 GKJ-22. Teobaldo (Thibault) I-IV "le Grand" (?) King of Navarre, Cte de Champagne et de Brie was also known as Thibaut IV/I King of Navarre, Cte de Champagne.⁶

; Per Med Lands:
     "THIBAUT de Champagne, son of THIBAUT III Comte de Champagne & his wife Infanta doña Blanca de Navarra (Pamplona 3 May 1201-Pamplona 8 Jul 1253, bur Pamplona). Villehardouin records that the wife of Comte Thibaut "had borne him a little daughter and was about to bear a son" when her husband died[615]. He succeeded his father in 1201 as THIBAUT IV Comte de Champagne et de Brie. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines records that "comes Campaniensis Theobaldus" joined his [maternal] uncle in Navarre in 1225[616]. He succeeded his maternal uncle in 1234 as TEOBALDO I "le Grand" King of Navarre. He answered the call of Pope Gregory IX for a Crusade in 1239, and led a French contingent which landed at Acre 1 Sep 1239. He marched south to attack the Egyptian outposts of Ascalon and Gaza, where they were defeated. He returned to Europe in Sep 1240[617]. The necrology of Sens cathedral records the death "Kal Mai " of "Theobaldus illustris rex Navarre et comes Campanie"[618]. The necrology of Saint-Etienne, Troyes records the death "11 Jul" of "Theobaldus rex Navarre, Campanie et Brie comes palatinus"[619]. The "Corónicas" Navarras record the death "Id Iul…apud Pampilonam" in 1253 of "Teobaldus…rex Navarre et comes palatinus Campanie atque Brie" and his burial in Pamplona[620].
     "[621]Betrothed (1219) MARGARET of Scotland, daughter of WILLIAM I "the Lion" King of Scotland & his wife Ermengarde de Beaumont (1193-1259, bur Church of the Black Friars, London).
     "m firstly (mid-May 1220, repudiated 1222) as her second husband, GERTRUD von Dagsburg, widow of THIBAUT I Duke of Lorraine, daughter of ALBERT II Graf von Dagsburg & his wife Gertrud von Baden ([May 1205/mid-1206]-before 19 Mar 1225). The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines records the second marriage in 1220 of "Gertrudem comitissam de Daburc [relictam Theobaldi iuvenis dux Lotharingie]" and "iuvenis comes Theobaldus Campaniensis" and their separation two years later on grounds of consanguinity[622]. Richer records that "ducem Lotoringie Theobaldum" was married to "filiam comitis de Daxporc", that he inherited the county through her, that after her first husband died she married "comes…Campanie adhuc adolescens" who in his turn inherited the county, that she was repudiated for sterility by her second husband and married thirdly "comiti de Lignigne", and that after the couple's death soon afterwards there were no heirs to her county which (including "castra…Hernestem et Turquestem, et…opida…Albam et Saleborc") was annexed by "Metensis episcopus Iohannes" but that "frater…dicti comitis defuncti" captured "castrum Daxporc"[623]. She married thirdly (1224 before Sep) Simon von Leiningen.
     "m secondly (1222) AGNES de Beaujeu, daughter of GUICHARD [V] “le Grand” Sire de Beaujeu & his wife Sibylle de Hainaut [Flanders] (-11 Jul 1231, bur Clairvaux). The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines records the second marriage of "Theobaldus comes Campaniensis" and "Agnetem sororem Humberti filiam Wichardi de Belloioco"[624]. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines records the death "1231 V Id Jul" of "Agnes comitissa Campanie" and her burial "in Clarevalle in capella comitis Flandrie matris sue avunculi"[625].
     "[626]Betrothed ([1231/32]) to YOLANDE de Bretagne, daughter of PIERRE Duke of Brittany & his first wife Alix de Thouars (in Brittany end 1218-château de Bouteville 10 Oct 1272, bur Villeneuve-les-Nantes, église abbatiale de Notre Dame). Her betrothal to Thibaut IV Comte de Champagne is confirmed by a letter from King Louis IX to Comte Thibaut, dated 1229, which states that the king had “entendu que vous avez convenancé et promis à prendre à femme la fille du Comte Pierre de Bretaigne” and forbade him from proceeding, adding “la raison pourquoi vous savez bien” (without providing any further explanation)[627]. The 1229 date (cited by Lobineau) is presumably incorrect, assuming that the date of death of Comte Thibaut´s second wife is correctly reported as 11 Jul 1231 as shown above. This suggested redating is confirmed by a letter from Pope Gregory IX to the archbishop of Bourges dated 24 Apr 1232 stating that “Campaniæ et Britanniæ comites” intended to arrange a marriage alliance prohibited by the degrees of consanguinity and forbidding the arrangement[628].
     "m thirdly (contract Mar 1232, 22 Sep 1232) MARGUERITE de Bourbon, daughter of ARCHAMBAUD [VIII] "le Grand" Sire de Bourbon [Dampierre] & his wife [Beatrix de Montluçon] (-Provins, Brie 12 Apr 1256, bur Clairval). The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines records the marriage of "comes Campaniensis Theobaldus" and "Margaretam filiam Erchenbaldi de Borbona"[629]. The contract of marriage between “Theobaldus Campanie et Brie comes palatinus” and “Archambaldus dominus Borbonii…Margarita filia” is dated Mar 1232[630]. She was regent of Champagne and Navarre 1253-1256 during the minority of her son. "Don Alfonso, yffante primero fijo del rey d´Aragon" consented to any alliance between "mio padre don Jagme…rey d´Aragon" and "dona Margarita…reyna de Navarra, de Campayna et de Bria condessa palatina, et con vuestro fijo don Thibalt rey de Navarra", by charter dated 1 Aug 1253[631]. “Marguerite…royne de Navarre, de Champaigne et de Brye conteste palatine” settled a dispute between “les nobles barons Jehan conte de Bourgoigne et signour de Salins…et Thiebaut conte de Barz” by charter dated 3 Nov 1254[632]. The necrology of Saint-Etienne, Troyes records the death "29 Mar" of "Margarita regina Navarre"[633]. The necrology of the Chapelle Saint-Blaise, Provins records the death on 29 Mar of "Margarita regina"[634]. The "Corónicas" Navarras record the death "II Id Apr…apud Privignum" in 1256 of "Margarita…regina Navarre, commitissa Canpanie atque Brie" and her burial in "apud Claram vallem"[635].
Med Lands cites:

; Per Med Lands: "AGNES de Beaujeu (-11 Jul 1231, bur Clairvaux). "Guichardus Belli Joci dominus" names his daughters "Agnetam primogenitam nostram…filiam autem nostram Margaritam…Philippam autem filiam nostram…minorem autem filiam nostram Sibillam" in his testament dated 18 Sep 1216[685]. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines records the second marriage of "Theobaldus comes Campaniensis" and "Agnetem sororem Humberti filiam Wichardi de Belloioco"[686]. m (1222) as his second wife, THIBAUT IV Comte de Champagne, son of THIBAUT III Comte de Champagne & his wife Infanta doña Blanca de Navarra (Pamplona 3 May 1201-Pamplona 8 Jul 1253, bur Pamplona). He succeeded his maternal uncle in 1234 as TEOBALDO I "le Grand" King of Navarre."
Med Lands cites: He was King of Navarre. See attached map showing Navarre ca AD 1200. between 1234 and 1253.^25,1

     Marguerite de Bourbon Queen of Navarre and Champagne was born in 1211 at Foix, Departement de l'Ariège, Midi-Pyrénées, France (now); Wikipedia says b. c 1217; Genealogics says b. c 1211; Find A Grave says b. 1216.^8,2,9,10,11 She married Teobaldo (Thibault) I-IV "le Grand" (?) King of Navarre, Cte de Champagne et de Brie, son of Thibault V (III) (?) comte de Blois, Chartres, Sancerre, vicomte de Châteaudun, comte de Champagne et de Brie and Doña Blanca I (Blanche) (?) Infanta de Navarra, Queen of Navarre, Régente de Champagne, on 22 September 1232
;
His 3rd wife.^{12,4,6,1,2,13,14}
Marguerite de Bourbon Queen of Navarre and Champagne died on 12 April 1256 at Brie, Departement d'Ille-et-Vilaine, Bretagne, France (now).^6,4,1,2,9
Marguerite de Bourbon Queen of Navarre and Champagne was buried after 12 April 1256 at Abbaye de Clairvaux, Clairvaux, Departement de l'Aube, Champagne-Ardenne, France; From Find A Grave:
     BIRTH     1216, Foix, Departement de l'Ariège, Midi-Pyrénées, France
     DEATH     12 Apr 1258 (aged 41–42), Brie, Departement d'Ille-et-Vilaine, Bretagne, France
     Margaret de Bourbon was the wife of Theobald I of Navarre, she became Countess of Champagne and Queen of Navarre. She was the daughter of Archambaud VIII of Bourbon and his first wife, Guigone of Forez.
In 1232 she married Theobald I of Navarre and Count of Champagne. Their children were:
-- Eleonora (born 1233, date of death unknown (died young))
-- Peter (1265)
-- Margaret of Navarre, Duchess of Lorraine in 1255 married to Frederick III, Duke of Lorraine (1238–1303)
-- Theobald II of Navarre (1238–1270) married in 1255 Isabelle of France
-- Beatrix of Navarre (1242–1295), married in 1258 with Hugh IV, Duke of Burgundy (1212–1272)
-- Henry I of Navarre married Blanche of Artois in 1269
     Theobald died in 1253, Margaret acted as regent for her eldest son, Theobald with James I of Aragon until he came of age in 1256.
     Family Members
     Spouse
          Theobald I King Of Navarre 1201–1253
     Children
          Thibaut II de Navarra 1238–1270
          Henri of Navarra 1244–1274
     BURIAL     Abbaye de Clairvaux, Clairvaux, Departement de l'Aube, Champagne-Ardenne, France
     Created by: Mad
     Added: 17 Jan 2013
     Find A Grave Memorial 103704154.⁹
     ; Per Med Lands:
     "THIBAUT de Champagne, son of THIBAUT III Comte de Champagne & his wife Infanta doña Blanca de Navarra (Pamplona 3 May 1201-Pamplona 8 Jul 1253, bur Pamplona). Villehardouin records that the wife of Comte Thibaut "had borne him a little daughter and was about to bear a son" when her husband died[615]. He succeeded his father in 1201 as THIBAUT IV Comte de Champagne et de Brie. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines records that "comes Campaniensis Theobaldus" joined his [maternal] uncle in Navarre in 1225[616]. He succeeded his maternal uncle in 1234 as TEOBALDO I "le Grand" King of Navarre. He answered the call of Pope Gregory IX for a Crusade in 1239, and led a French contingent which landed at Acre 1 Sep 1239. He marched south to attack the Egyptian outposts of Ascalon and Gaza, where they were defeated. He returned to Europe in Sep 1240[617]. The necrology of Sens cathedral records the death "Kal Mai " of "Theobaldus illustris rex Navarre et comes Campanie"[618]. The necrology of Saint-Etienne, Troyes records the death "11 Jul" of "Theobaldus rex Navarre, Campanie et Brie comes palatinus"[619]. The "Corónicas" Navarras record the death "Id Iul…apud Pampilonam" in 1253 of "Teobaldus…rex Navarre et comes palatinus Campanie atque Brie" and his burial in Pamplona[620].
     "[621]Betrothed (1219) MARGARET of Scotland, daughter of WILLIAM I "the Lion" King of Scotland & his wife Ermengarde de Beaumont (1193-1259, bur Church of the Black Friars, London).
     "m firstly (mid-May 1220, repudiated 1222) as her second husband, GERTRUD von Dagsburg, widow of THIBAUT I Duke of Lorraine, daughter of ALBERT II Graf von Dagsburg & his wife Gertrud von Baden ([May 1205/mid-1206]-before 19 Mar 1225). The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines records the second marriage in 1220 of "Gertrudem comitissam de Daburc [relictam Theobaldi iuvenis dux Lotharingie]" and "iuvenis comes Theobaldus Campaniensis" and their separation two years later on grounds of consanguinity[622]. Richer records that "ducem Lotoringie Theobaldum" was married to "filiam comitis de Daxporc", that he inherited the county through her, that after her first husband died she married "comes…Campanie adhuc adolescens" who in his turn inherited the county, that she was repudiated for sterility by her second husband and married thirdly "comiti de Lignigne", and that after the couple's death soon afterwards there were no heirs to her county which (including "castra…Hernestem et Turquestem, et…opida…Albam et Saleborc") was annexed by "Metensis episcopus Iohannes" but that "frater…dicti comitis defuncti" captured "castrum Daxporc"[623]. She married thirdly (1224 before Sep) Simon von Leiningen.
     "m secondly (1222) AGNES de Beaujeu, daughter of GUICHARD [V] “le Grand” Sire de Beaujeu & his wife Sibylle de Hainaut [Flanders] (-11 Jul 1231, bur Clairvaux). The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines records the second marriage of "Theobaldus comes Campaniensis" and "Agnetem sororem Humberti filiam Wichardi de Belloioco"[624]. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines records the death "1231 V Id Jul" of "Agnes comitissa Campanie" and her burial "in Clarevalle in capella comitis Flandrie matris sue avunculi"[625].
     "[626]Betrothed ([1231/32]) to YOLANDE de Bretagne, daughter of PIERRE Duke of Brittany & his first wife Alix de Thouars (in Brittany end 1218-château de Bouteville 10 Oct 1272, bur Villeneuve-les-Nantes, église abbatiale de Notre Dame). Her betrothal to Thibaut IV Comte de Champagne is confirmed by a letter from King Louis IX to Comte Thibaut, dated 1229, which states that the king had “entendu que vous avez convenancé et promis à prendre à femme la fille du Comte Pierre de Bretaigne” and forbade him from proceeding, adding “la raison pourquoi vous savez bien” (without providing any further explanation)[627]. The 1229 date (cited by Lobineau) is presumably incorrect, assuming that the date of death of Comte Thibaut´s second wife is correctly reported as 11 Jul 1231 as shown above. This suggested redating is confirmed by a letter from Pope Gregory IX to the archbishop of Bourges dated 24 Apr 1232 stating that “Campaniæ et Britanniæ comites” intended to arrange a marriage alliance prohibited by the degrees of consanguinity and forbidding the arrangement[628].
     "m thirdly (contract Mar 1232, 22 Sep 1232) MARGUERITE de Bourbon, daughter of ARCHAMBAUD [VIII] "le Grand" Sire de Bourbon [Dampierre] & his wife [Beatrix de Montluçon] (-Provins, Brie 12 Apr 1256, bur Clairval). The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines records the marriage of "comes Campaniensis Theobaldus" and "Margaretam filiam Erchenbaldi de Borbona"[629]. The contract of marriage between “Theobaldus Campanie et Brie comes palatinus” and “Archambaldus dominus Borbonii…Margarita filia” is dated Mar 1232[630]. She was regent of Champagne and Navarre 1253-1256 during the minority of her son. "Don Alfonso, yffante primero fijo del rey d´Aragon" consented to any alliance between "mio padre don Jagme…rey d´Aragon" and "dona Margarita…reyna de Navarra, de Campayna et de Bria condessa palatina, et con vuestro fijo don Thibalt rey de Navarra", by charter dated 1 Aug 1253[631]. “Marguerite…royne de Navarre, de Champaigne et de Brye conteste palatine” settled a dispute between “les nobles barons Jehan conte de Bourgoigne et signour de Salins…et Thiebaut conte de Barz” by charter dated 3 Nov 1254[632]. The necrology of Saint-Etienne, Troyes records the death "29 Mar" of "Margarita regina Navarre"[633]. The necrology of the Chapelle Saint-Blaise, Provins records the death on 29 Mar of "Margarita regina"[634]. The "Corónicas" Navarras record the death "II Id Apr…apud Privignum" in 1256 of "Margarita…regina Navarre, commitissa Canpanie atque Brie" and her burial in "apud Claram vallem"[635].
Med Lands cites:

; Per Genealogics:
     "Marguerite was born about 1211, the daughter of Archambault VIII de Dampierre, seigneur de Bourbon, and his first wife Guigone de Forez. On 12 September 1232 she became the third wife of Thibaut IV-I, king of Navarre, son of Thibaut III, comte de Champagne, and Blanche de Navarre. They had six children of whom four would have progeny, including both his successors as king of Navarre.
     "When Thibaut died in 1253, Marguerite acted as regent for her eldest son Thibaut V with Jaime I 'the Conqueror', king of Aragón, until Thibaut V came of age in 1256.
     "The kings of Castile had long held the flimsy claim to be paramount lords of the kingdom of Navarre in the Pyrenees, and from 1250 Fernando III, king of Castile, and his heir Alfonso X of Castile hoped that Alfonso's sister Eleanor of Castile would marry Thibaut V of Navarre. To avoid Castilian control, Marguerite in 1252 allied with Jaime I of Aragón, and as part of that treaty solemnly promised that Thibaut would never marry Eleanor. She later married Edward I, king of England, and was mother to sixteen children.
     "Marguerite eventually had Thibaut married to Isabelle de France, daughter of Louis IX of France and Marguerite de Provence. The marriage did not result in progeny, but by a mistress Marquesa Gil de Rada he had a daughter who would have progeny, marrying Pedro Fernández, baron de Hijar.
     "Marguerite's son Enrique was the father of Jeanne I, queen of Navarre, comtesse de Champagne, who married Philippe IV, king of France, in 1284.
     "Marguerite died in Brie on 12 April 1256. She is buried in Clairval."¹¹

; Per Wikipedia:
     "Margaret of Bourbon (French: Marguerite; c. 1217 – 12 April 1256) was Queen of Navarre and Countess of Champagne from 1232 until 1253 as the third wife of Theobald I of Navarre. After her husband's death, she ruled both the kingdom and the county as regent for three years in the name of their son, Theobald II of Navarre.
Marriage
     "Margaret was born into the House of Dampierre, the eldest daughter of Archambaud VIII, Lord of Bourbon. Her mother was her father's first wife, Alice of Forez, daughter of Guigues III, Count of Forez. Archambaud was the constable of Count Theobald IV of Champagne.[1] Margaret was 15 years old when, on 12 September 1232, she became the third wife of the 32-year-old recently widowed Count Theobald. His first wife, Gertrude of Dagsburg, had been repudiated and already deceased, while the second, Agnes of Beaujeu, died leaving only a daughter, Blanche. Their marriage was one of only two unions of the counts of Champagne with a significant age disparity between spouses, the other one being the marriage of Henry I of Champagne and Marie of France. Margaret brought a large dowry,[1] but an unusual clause in her marriage contract stipulated that only a prorated part of it would be returned to her father in case of her death without issue within the first nine years of the marriage and nothing if she died after nine years had passed. Only if the union ended in annulment, as her parents' and Theobald's first marriage had, was the entire sum to be returned.[2]
Regency
     "Margaret's marriage lasted twenty years, during which she delivered seven children. In 1234, she became Queen of Navarre when Theobald inherited the kingdom from his maternal uncle, Sancho VII. Little is known about Margaret's life as queen consort, which appears to have been spent in relative obscurity.[3] Her husband's death in 1253, however, brought her to spotlight: their son, Theobald II of Navarre, was 18, while the laws of the realm required the king to be 21 to take control of his inheritance. She immediately had to deal with a succession crisis in the kingdom. Although her husband, also Count of Champagne, had resided in Navarre much of the time after his accession to the royal throne, the nobility of the kingdom were unwilling to accept his son as their king.[1][2] Margaret prevented the outbreak of an open rebellion by travelling with Theobald to the capital, Pamplona,[1] and by allying with the neighbouring Kingdom of Aragon.[2] She also inherited her husband's long-standing dispute with the Knights Templar, who had been buying lots of feudal property in Champagne despite his disapproval. Margaret resolutely prohibited them from acquiring any more land within the county.[1]
     "In 1254, Margaret was persuaded by her son to arrange a marriage for him with Isabella, daughter of King Louis IX of France.[1] King Theobald II reached the age of majority in 1256. No longer regent, Queen Margaret retired to her large dower lands, consisting of seven castellanies (as much as a third of the comital revenues), where she spent the rest of her life. She died in Provins and was buried at the Saint-Joseph de Clairval abbey in Flavigny-sur-Ozerain.[1]
Issue
-- Eleanor, died young [4]
-- Theobald II of Navarre[4]
-- Peter (died in 1265)[4]
-- Margaret, who in 1255 married Frederick III, Duke of Lorraine[4] and bore him Theobald II of Lorraine
-- Beatrice of Navarre, Duchess of Burgundy married Hugh IV Duke of Burgundy[4]
-- Henry I of Navarre married Blanche of Artois[4]
References
1. Evergates, p. 86.
2. Evergates, p. 107.
3. Evergates, Theodore (2011). Aristocratic Women in Medieval France. University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 86. ISBN 0812200616.
4. Evergates, p. 80.
Sources
-- Evergates, Theodore (2011). Aristocratic Women in Medieval France. University of Pennsylvania Press."¹⁰

; Per Med Lands: "MARGUERITE de Bourbon (-Provins, Brie 12 Apr 1256, bur Clairval). The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines records the marriage of "comes Campaniensis Theobaldus" and "Margaretam filiam Erchenbaldi de Borbona"[121]. The contract of marriage between “Theobaldus Campanie et Brie comes palatinus” and “Archambaldus dominus Borbonii…Margarita filia” is dated Mar 1232[122]. She was regent of Champagne and Navarre 1253-1256 during the minority of her son. “Marguerite…royne de Navarre, de Champaigne et de Brye conteste palatine” settled a dispute between “les nobles barons Jehan conte de Bourgoigne et signour de Salins…et Thiebaut conte de Barz” by charter dated 3 Nov 1254[123]. The "Corónicas" Navarras record the death "II Id Apr…apud Privignum" in 1256 of "Margarita…regina Navarre, commitissa Canpanie atque Brie" and her burial in "apud Claram vallem"[124]. m (contract Mar 1232, 12 Sep 1232) as his third wife, THIBAUT IV Comte de Champagne, son of THIBAUT III Comte de Champagne & his wife Infanta doña Blanca de Navarra (Pamplona 3 May 1201-Pamplona 8 Jul 1253, bur Pamplona). He succeeded in 1234 as TEOBALDO I King of Navarre."
Med Lands cites:

Reference: Genealogics cites: EDV-23 GKJ-22.

     Robert I (?) de France, Comte d'Artois was born on 17 September 1216 at Paris, City of Paris, Île-de-France, France.^{10,1,2,4,11,7} He and doña Maria (?) Infanta de Portugal were engaged in 1235.^12,13,14 Robert I (?) de France, Comte d'Artois married Mathilde/Mahaut/Maud (?) of Brabant, Countess of Artois, daughter of Hendrik II (?) Duke of Brabant and Maria (?) von Hohenstaufen, Princess of Germany, on 14 June 1237 at Compiègne, Departement de l'Oise, Picardie, France,
;
Her 1st husband.^{15,16,1,17,2,3,4,11,18,19,7,20,21}
Robert I (?) de France, Comte d'Artois died on 8 February 1249/50 at Mansurah (Al Mansurah), Egypt, at age 33.^2,1,4,11,7
     Reference: Genealogics cites:
     1. Europäische Stammtafeln, Band II, Frank Baron Freytag von Loringhoven, 1975, Isenburg, W. K. Prinz von. page 7.
     2. Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag, Marburg, Schwennicke, Detlev (Ed.) 3/1:70.
     3. Biogr. details drawn from Wikipedia .⁷

; Per Genealogics:
     "Robert I, known as 'the Good', was born in 1216, the fifth (and second surviving) son of Louis VIII, king of France and Blanche of Castile. On 14 June 1237 Robert married Mathilde of Brabant, daughter of Hendrik II, duke of Brabant and Maria von Hohenstaufen. Robert and Mathilde had two children, Blanche and Robert II, both of whom would have progeny.
     "Robert accompanied his brother Louis IX, king of France on the disastrous Seventh Crusade. On 8 February 1250 Robert led an impetuous attack on the Egyptian camp just outside Al-Mansurah, rejecting the advice of more-experienced campaigners. He and the Templars accompanying the expedition charged into the town and became trapped in the narrow streets. According to Jean de Joinville, the king's faithful councillor who accompanied him on the Seventh Crusade and described it in his _Histoire de Saint Louis_, Robert defended himself for some time in a house there, but was at last overpowered and killed. Many of his knights lost their lives."⁷ He was seigneur of Saint-Omer, Aire, Hesdin, Bapaume and Lens.¹¹

; This is the same person as ”Robert I, Count of Artois” at Wikipedia and as ”Robert Ier d'Artois” at Wikipédia (FR).^22,23 He was Crusader - Seventh Crusade.²²

; Per Wikipedia:
     "Robert I (25 September 1216 – 8 February 1250), called the Good, was the first Count of Artois, the fifth (and second surviving) son of Louis VIII of France and Blanche of Castile.[1]
Life
     "He received Artois as an appanage, in accordance with the will of his father (died 1226) on attaining his majority in 1237 (aged twenty-one).[2] In 1240 Pope Gregory IX, in conflict with the Emperor Frederick II, offered to crown Robert as emperor in opposition to Frederick, but the French count refused to pretend to such a title.
Marriage
     "On 14 June 1237 Robert married Matilda, daughter of Henry II of Brabant and Marie of Hohenstaufen.[3]
They had two children:
-- Blanche (1248–1302)[4]
-- Robert II (1250–1302),[5] who succeeded to Artois.
Death
     "While participating in the Seventh Crusade, Robert died while leading a reckless attack on Al Mansurah, without the knowledge of his brother King Louis IX.[6] After fording a river, he and a group of Knights Templars charged a Mamluk outpost, during which the Mamluk commander, Fakhr-ad-Din Yusuf, was killed.[6] Embolded by his success, Robert, the Templar knights, and a contingent of English troops charged into the town and became trapped in the narrow streets.[6] According to Jean de Joinville, Robert defended himself for some time in a house there, but was at last overpowered and killed.
References
1. Dunbabin 2014, p. 244.
2. Wood 1966, p. 23.
3. Nieus 2005, p. 166, 176.
4. Gee 2002, p. 141.
5. Nieus 2005, p. 166.
5. Strayer 1969, p. 499-501.
Sources
-- Dunbabin, Jean (2014). Charles I of Anjou: Power, Kingship and State-Making in Thirteenth-Century. Routledge.
-- Gee, Loveday Lewes (2002). Women, art, and patronage from Henry III to Edward III, 1216-1377. The Boydell Press.
-- Nieus, Jean-François (2005). Un pouvoir comtal entre Flandre et France: Saint-Pol, 1000-1300 (in French). De Boeck & Larcier.
-- Strayer, Joseph R. (1969). "Crusades of Louis IX". In Setton, Kenneth M. (ed.) A History of the Crusades. Vol. II. University of Wisconsin.
-- Wood, Charles T. (1966). The French Apanages and the Capetian Monarchy. Harvard University Press.²² Robert I (?) de France, Comte d'Artois was also known as Robert 1er «Le Bon» ou «Le Vaillant» d’Artois.⁴ GAV-20 EDV-21 GKJ-21.

; Per Genealogy.EU (Capet 5): “B3. Cte Robert I d'Artois (1237-50), *IX.1216, +k.a.Manssurah, Egypt 8.2.1250; m.Compiegne 14.6.1237 Matilda of Brabant (*1224 +29.9.1288); for his descendants see http://genealogy.euweb.cz/capet/capet18.html”.²⁴

; Per Racines et Histoire (Flandres): “Infanta doña Maria de Portugal ° 1227 ou peu après + après 06/1235 dès 1236 recueillie à la Cour de Louis IX pour y être élevée
     [ fiancée en 06/1235 à Robert de France ° 09/1216 +X 09/02/1250 (Mansurah, Egypte), fait comte d’Artois (1237) par son frère Louis IX (fils de Louis VIII, Roi de France, et de l’Infante doña Blanca de Castilla) ] ”.¹²

; Per Med Lands:
     "ROBERT de France, son of LOUIS VIII King of France & his wife Infanta doña Blanca de Castilla y León (Sep 1216-killed in battle Mansurah, Egypt 9 Feb 1250). Matthew of Paris names him "Robertus comes Atrabatensis regis frater" when he records his death[8]. He was installed as ROBERT I “le Bon/le Vaillant” Comte d'Artois 7 Jun 1237. Pope Gregory IX, having excommunicated and deposed Emperor Friedrich II, offered the imperial Crown to King Louis IX in 1239 for his brother Robert Comte d’Artois, but King Louis refused it on the latter’s behalf in 1240. Robert accompanied his brother on crusade 1249. His death is recorded by Matthew of Paris[9]. The necrology of Sainte-Chapelle records the death "IV Id Feb" of "Robertis comitis Attrebatensis"[10].
     "[11]Betrothed ([1235]) to Infanta dona MARIA de Portugal, daughter of Infante don FERNANDO de Portugal [FERRAND Count of Flanders] & Hainaut & his wife Jeanne Ctss of Flanders and Hainaut (1227 or after-after 1235). After her father's death, Louis IX King of France demanded that she be sent to Paris for her education[12].
     "m (Compiègne 14 Jun 1237) as her first husband, MATHILDE de Brabant, daughter of HENRI II Duke of Brabant & his first wife Maria von Staufen (1224-29 Sep 1288, bur Abbaye de Cercamp, Artois). The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines records the marriage "apud Conpendium in octavis Pentecostes" of "Francie frater regis Robertus" and "Mathilde filia ducis Brabantie"[13]. She married secondly (Naples before 31 May 1254) Guy [IV] de Châtillon Comte de Blois et de Saint-Pol.
Comte Robert I & his wife had two children:
1. BLANCHE d'Artois (1248-Paris 2 May 1302, probably bur Minoresses Convent, Aldgate, London). Regent of Navarre, during the minority of her daughter Juana Queen of Navarre, whose marriage with the future Philippe IV King of France she agreed at Orléans in May 1275. m firstly (Melun, Seine-et-Marne 1269) Infante don ENRIQUE de Navarra, son of TEOBALDO I King of Navarre [THIBAUT IV Comte de Champagne] & his third wife Marguerite de Bourbon ([1244-Pamplona 22 Jul 1274, bur Pamplona). He succeeded his brother 1270 as ENRIQUE I King of Navarre, HENRI III Comte de Champagne. m secondly (Paris before 3 Feb 1276, or [27 Jul/29 Oct] 1276) as his second wife, EDMUND “Crouchback/Gibbosus” of England Earl of Lancaster, son of HENRY III King of England & his wife Eléonore de Provence (London 16 Jan 1245-Bayonne 5 Jun 1296, bur Westminster Abbey).
2. ROBERT d'Artois (posthumously Sep 1250-killed in battle Courtrai 11 Jul 1302, bur Abbaye de Maubuisson). He succeeded his father at birth as ROBERT II "le Bon/le Noble" Comte d'Artois. His paternal uncle Charles I King of Sicily named him Captain and Vicar-General of the kingdom of Sicily 25 Dec 1275, a post which he held until 3 Mar 1276. Regent of Sicily in 1284-1289 for his cousin King Charles II, during the latter's period of imprisonment, Robert was named Captain General after the king's release 15 Sep 1289. The necrology of Maubuisson records the death "V Id Jul" of "Roberti quondam Attrebatensis comitis et Mathildis defuncti filie comitisse Attrebatensis et Burgundie"[14]. m firstly (contract Paris 13 Jun 1359, 1262) AMICIE de Courtenay Dame de Conches-en-Ouches, daughter and heiress of PIERRE [I] de Courtenay Seigneur de Conches (1250-Rome 1275, bur Rome). m secondly (before 13 Jun 1277) as her second husband, AGNES de Dampierre Dame de Bourbon, widow of JEAN de Bourgogne Seigneur de Charolais, daughter and co-heiress of ARCHAMBAUD [IX] Sire de Bourbon & his wife Yolande de Châtillon heiress of Nevers, Auxerre and Tonnerre (1237-Foggia, Apulia [5 Sep 1287/30 Jun 1288], bur Champaigue-en-Bourbonnais, église des Cordeliers). m thirdly (18 Oct 1298) MARGUERITE de Hainaut, daughter of JEAN II Comte de Hainaut and Holland & his wife Philippa de Luxembourg (-19 Oct 1342, bur Valenciennes, église des Cordeliers). The Chronologia Johannes de Beke names (in order) "…Margareta comitissam Atrabatensem…" as children of Count Jean & his wife[15]."
Med Lands cites:

; Per Racines et Histoire (Artois): “Robert 1er d’Artois «Le Bon» ou «Le Vaillant» ° 17/09/1216 +X 09/02/1250 (Mansourah, Egypte) investi du comté d’Artois (07/06/1237), sollicité pour l’Empire par le pape Grégoire XI (1239), croisé (1249)
     fiancé (1235) à l’infante doña Maria de Portugal ° ~1227 + peu après 1235 (fille de l’infant don Fernando, alias Ferrand, comte de Flandres et de Hainaut, et de Jeanne, comtesse de Flandres et de Hainaut)
     ép. 14/06/1237 (Compiègne) Mahaut (Mathilde) de Brabant ° 1224 + 29/09/1288 (fille d’Henri II, duc de Brabant et de Maria von Staufen ; ép. 2) avant 31/05/1254 ou 16/01/1255 ? (Naples) Gui IV de Châtillon, comte de Blois et de Saint-Pol + 12/03/1289)”.¹⁴

; Per Genealogy.EU (Brabant 3): “A3. [1m.] Matilda, *1224, +29.9.1288, bur Chercamp; 1m: Compiégne 14.6.1237 Cte Robert I d'Artois (*IX.1216 +8.2.1250); 2m: before 31.5.1254 Cte Guy IV de Chatillon-St.Pol (*after 1226, +12.3.1289)”.²⁵

; Per Med Lands:
     "MATHILDE de Brabant (1224-29 Sep 1288, bur Abbey of Cercamp, Artois). The Oude Kronik van Brabant names (in order) "Mechtildim comitissam Atrebatensem et Sancti Pauli, Mariam comitissam palatinam Reni, Beatricem lantgraviam Thuringie postea comitissam Flandrie, et Margaretam sanctiomonialem, postea abbatissam in Valle Ducis" as the daughters of "Henricus secundus et quintus dux Brabancie" and his first wife Marie[307]. The Genealogia Ducum Brabantiæ Heredum Franciæ names "Machtildis" as oldest of the four daughters of "Henricus…secundus dux" and his wife Maria, and her first husband "Roberto comitis Attrebatensi, filio Regis Francie", their children "Robertum comitem Attrebatensem et unam filiam", and her second husband "comiti Sancti Pauli" referring to, but not naming, their sons and daughters[308]. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines records the marriage "apud Conpendium in octavis Pentecostes" of "Francie frater regis Robertus" and "Mathilde filia ducis Brabantie"[309]. The Chronicle of Guillaume de Nangis records the marriage in 1238 "apud Compendium" of "sanctus Ludovicus rex Franciæ Robertum fratrum suum" and "filiæ ducis Brabantiæ Mathildi"[310]. The late 13th century genealogy by Balduinus de Avennis records that "Johannes…fratri Guidoni [comes] Sancti Pauli" married "Macthildem filiam Henrici ducis Brabantiæ, relictam comitis Atrebatensis Roberti"[311].
     "m firstly (Compiègne 14 Jun 1237) ROBERT [I] Comte d'Artois, son of LOUIS VIII King of France & his wife Infanta doña Blanca de Castilla y León (Sep 1216 -killed in battle near Mansurah, Palestine 9 Feb 1250).
     "m secondly ([Naples before 31 May 1254]) GUY de Châtillon Comte de Saint-Pol, son of HUGUES [I] de Châtillon Comte de Saint-Pol & his second wife Marie d'Avesnes Ctss de Blois (after 1226-12 Mar 1289, bur Chercamp)."
Med Lands cites:

; Per Racines et Histoire (Brabant): “1) Mahaut (Mathilde) de Brabant ° 1224 + 29/09/1288
     ép. 1) 14/06/1237 (Compiègne) Robert 1er, comte d’Artois (1237) ° 17/09/1216 +X 09/02/1250 (Mansourah, Egypte, croisé) (fils de Louis VIII, Roi de France, et de Blanca de Castilla y Leon)
     ép. 2) dès 31/05/1254 & 16/01/1255/1254 (Naples) Gui IV de Châtillon, comte de Blois (Gui II, comte de SaintPol (1249)), seigneur d’Ancre et d’Aubigny-en-Artois ° après 1226 + 12/03/1289 (ou 02/02 ?) (fils d’Hugues 1er de Châtillon, comte de Saint-Pol et de Blois, et de Marie d’Avesnes, comtesse de Blois, dame de Château-Renault)
     postérité ”.¹³ He was Comte d'Artois between 1237 and 1250.^2,4

     Mathilde/Mahaut/Maud (?) of Brabant, Countess of Artois was born on 14 June 1224 at Brabant, Belgium (now).^{17,10,11,6,18,9} She married Robert I (?) de France, Comte d'Artois, son of Louis VIII "Le Lion" (?) King of France and Doña Blanche Alfonsa (?) Infanta de Castilla, Regent of France, on 14 June 1237 at Compiègne, Departement de l'Oise, Picardie, France,
;
Her 1st husband.^{1,2,3,10,19,20,11,6,18,12,21,7,9} Mathilde/Mahaut/Maud (?) of Brabant, Countess of Artois married Guy II de Châtillon comte de Blois et de Saint-Pol, son of Hugues V de Châtillon seigneur de Châtillon, comte de Blois et de St.Pol and Marie (?) Cts de Blois, Dame d'Avesnes, circa 31 May 1254 at Naples, Città Metropolitana di Napoli, Campania, Italy (now),
;
Her 2nd husband.^{22,6,12,7,9,23,5,24}
Mathilde/Mahaut/Maud (?) of Brabant, Countess of Artois died on 29 September 1288 at age 64; Burke's Peerage (Millford Haven Page) says d. 1250.^{3,10,2,11,18,12,9}
Mathilde/Mahaut/Maud (?) of Brabant, Countess of Artois was buried after 29 September 1288 at Abbaye de Cercamp, Frevent, Departement du Pas-de-Calais, Nord-Pas-de-Calais, France; From Find A Grave:
     BIRTH     14 Jun 1224
     DEATH     29 Sep 1288 (aged 64), France
     Eldest daughter of Henry II, Duke of Brabant and his first wife, Marie of Hohenstaufen, Swabia. Wife of Robert I of Atois, the fifth son of Louis VIII of France and Blanche of Castile. She was 13, Robert was 21. They married on her 13th birthday, 14 June 1237, and had two children:
* Blanche of Artois, wife of Henry I of Navarre and Edmund Crouchback, Earl of Lancaster
* Robert II of Artois, born after his father's death
     Sir Robert was killed on the seventh crusade in 1250.
     Matilda married again, between 1250 and 1254 to Guy III, Count of Saint Pol, a younger son of Hugh I, Count of Blois and his wife, Mary. They had six children:
* Hugh II of Châtillon, Count of Saint Pol and later Count of Blois
* Guy III of Châtillon, Count of Saint Pol
* Jacques I of Leuze-Châtillon, married Catherine de Condé
* Beatrix, married John I of Brienne, Count of Eu
* Jeanne, married Guillaume III de Chauvigny, Lord of Châteauroux
* Gertrude, married Florent, Lord of Mechelen
     Family Members
     Parents
      Henri II de Brabant 1189–1248
     Spouses
      Guy II de Chatillon 1226–1289 (m. 1251)
      Robert I d'Artois 1216–1250
     Siblings
      Beatrice de Brabant 1225–1288
      Henri III de Brabant 1231–1261
      Elisabeth de Brabant 1243–1261
      Heinrich Welf 1244–1308
     Children
      Blanche d'Artois 1248–1302
      Robert II de Artois 1250–1302
      Beatrix de Chatillon 1255–1304
      Guy III de Chatillon 1258–1317
     BURIAL     Abbaye de Cercamp, Frevent, Departement du Pas-de-Calais, Nord-Pas-de-Calais, France
     Maintained by: Anne Shurtleff Stevens
     Originally Created by: Jerry Ferren
     Added: 7 Feb 2012
     Find A Grave Memorial 84623354
     SPONSORED BY Anonymous.^25,9
      ; Per Genealogy.EU (Capet 5): “B3. Cte Robert I d'Artois (1237-50), *IX.1216, +k.a.Manssurah, Egypt 8.2.1250; m.Compiegne 14.6.1237 Matilda of Brabant (*1224 +29.9.1288); for his descendants see http://genealogy.euweb.cz/capet/capet18.html”.²⁶
; Per Racines et Histoire (Artois): “Robert 1er d’Artois «Le Bon» ou «Le Vaillant» ° 17/09/1216 +X 09/02/1250 (Mansourah, Egypte) investi du comté d’Artois (07/06/1237), sollicité pour l’Empire par le pape Grégoire XI (1239), croisé (1249)
     fiancé (1235) à l’infante doña Maria de Portugal ° ~1227 + peu après 1235 (fille de l’infant don Fernando, alias Ferrand, comte de Flandres et de Hainaut, et de Jeanne, comtesse de Flandres et de Hainaut)
     ép. 14/06/1237 (Compiègne) Mahaut (Mathilde) de Brabant ° 1224 + 29/09/1288 (fille d’Henri II, duc de Brabant et de Maria von Staufen ; ép. 2) avant 31/05/1254 ou 16/01/1255 ? (Naples) Gui IV de Châtillon, comte de Blois et de Saint-Pol + 12/03/1289)”.⁵
; Per Med Lands:
     "ROBERT de France, son of LOUIS VIII King of France & his wife Infanta doña Blanca de Castilla y León (Sep 1216-killed in battle Mansurah, Egypt 9 Feb 1250). Matthew of Paris names him "Robertus comes Atrabatensis regis frater" when he records his death[8]. He was installed as ROBERT I “le Bon/le Vaillant” Comte d'Artois 7 Jun 1237. Pope Gregory IX, having excommunicated and deposed Emperor Friedrich II, offered the imperial Crown to King Louis IX in 1239 for his brother Robert Comte d’Artois, but King Louis refused it on the latter’s behalf in 1240. Robert accompanied his brother on crusade 1249. His death is recorded by Matthew of Paris[9]. The necrology of Sainte-Chapelle records the death "IV Id Feb" of "Robertis comitis Attrebatensis"[10].
     "[11]Betrothed ([1235]) to Infanta dona MARIA de Portugal, daughter of Infante don FERNANDO de Portugal [FERRAND Count of Flanders] & Hainaut & his wife Jeanne Ctss of Flanders and Hainaut (1227 or after-after 1235). After her father's death, Louis IX King of France demanded that she be sent to Paris for her education[12].
     "m (Compiègne 14 Jun 1237) as her first husband, MATHILDE de Brabant, daughter of HENRI II Duke of Brabant & his first wife Maria von Staufen (1224-29 Sep 1288, bur Abbaye de Cercamp, Artois). The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines records the marriage "apud Conpendium in octavis Pentecostes" of "Francie frater regis Robertus" and "Mathilde filia ducis Brabantie"[13]. She married secondly (Naples before 31 May 1254) Guy [IV] de Châtillon Comte de Blois et de Saint-Pol.
Comte Robert I & his wife had two children:
1. BLANCHE d'Artois (1248-Paris 2 May 1302, probably bur Minoresses Convent, Aldgate, London). Regent of Navarre, during the minority of her daughter Juana Queen of Navarre, whose marriage with the future Philippe IV King of France she agreed at Orléans in May 1275. m firstly (Melun, Seine-et-Marne 1269) Infante don ENRIQUE de Navarra, son of TEOBALDO I King of Navarre [THIBAUT IV Comte de Champagne] & his third wife Marguerite de Bourbon ([1244-Pamplona 22 Jul 1274, bur Pamplona). He succeeded his brother 1270 as ENRIQUE I King of Navarre, HENRI III Comte de Champagne. m secondly (Paris before 3 Feb 1276, or [27 Jul/29 Oct] 1276) as his second wife, EDMUND “Crouchback/Gibbosus” of England Earl of Lancaster, son of HENRY III King of England & his wife Eléonore de Provence (London 16 Jan 1245-Bayonne 5 Jun 1296, bur Westminster Abbey).
2. ROBERT d'Artois (posthumously Sep 1250-killed in battle Courtrai 11 Jul 1302, bur Abbaye de Maubuisson). He succeeded his father at birth as ROBERT II "le Bon/le Noble" Comte d'Artois. His paternal uncle Charles I King of Sicily named him Captain and Vicar-General of the kingdom of Sicily 25 Dec 1275, a post which he held until 3 Mar 1276. Regent of Sicily in 1284-1289 for his cousin King Charles II, during the latter's period of imprisonment, Robert was named Captain General after the king's release 15 Sep 1289. The necrology of Maubuisson records the death "V Id Jul" of "Roberti quondam Attrebatensis comitis et Mathildis defuncti filie comitisse Attrebatensis et Burgundie"[14]. m firstly (contract Paris 13 Jun 1359, 1262) AMICIE de Courtenay Dame de Conches-en-Ouches, daughter and heiress of PIERRE [I] de Courtenay Seigneur de Conches (1250-Rome 1275, bur Rome). m secondly (before 13 Jun 1277) as her second husband, AGNES de Dampierre Dame de Bourbon, widow of JEAN de Bourgogne Seigneur de Charolais, daughter and co-heiress of ARCHAMBAUD [IX] Sire de Bourbon & his wife Yolande de Châtillon heiress of Nevers, Auxerre and Tonnerre (1237-Foggia, Apulia [5 Sep 1287/30 Jun 1288], bur Champaigue-en-Bourbonnais, église des Cordeliers). m thirdly (18 Oct 1298) MARGUERITE de Hainaut, daughter of JEAN II Comte de Hainaut and Holland & his wife Philippa de Luxembourg (-19 Oct 1342, bur Valenciennes, église des Cordeliers). The Chronologia Johannes de Beke names (in order) "…Margareta comitissam Atrabatensem…" as children of Count Jean & his wife[15]."
Med Lands cites:

; Per Genealogics:
     "Mathilde was born about 1224, the daughter of Hendrik II, duke of Brabant, and his first wife Maria von Hohenstaufen. On 14 June 1237 at Compiègne she married Robert I, comte d'Artois, son of Louis VIII, king of France, and Blanche of Castile. They had two children, Blanche and Robert II, both of whom would have progeny.
     "On 9 February 1250 Robert was killed while participating in the Seventh Crusade. About 31 May 1254 Mathilde contracted to marry her second husband Guy II de Châtillon, comte de St.Pol, a younger son of Hugues de Châtillon, comte de St.Pol, and his second wife Maria d'Avesnes, comtesse de Blois. Their wedding was celebrated on 16 January 1255. Mathilde and Guy became the parents of three sons and two daughters, all of whom would have progeny.
     "Mathilde died on 29 September 1288, six months before her husband. She was buried at Chercamp in Artois."¹²

Reference: Genealogics cites:
     1. Europäische Stammtafeln, Band II, Frank Baron Freytag von Loringhoven, 1975, Isenburg, W. K. Prinz von. page 7.
     2. Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag, Marburg, Schwennicke, Detlev (Ed.) 3/1:70.¹²

; This is the same person as ”Matilda of Brabant, Countess of Artois” at Wikipedia and as ”Mathilde de Brabant (1224-1288)” at Wikipédia (FR).^7,27 GAV-24 EDV-21 GKJ-21.

; Per Genealogy.EU (Brabant 3): “A3. [1m.] Matilda, *1224, +29.9.1288, bur Chercamp; 1m: Compiégne 14.6.1237 Cte Robert I d'Artois (*IX.1216 +8.2.1250); 2m: before 31.5.1254 Cte Guy IV de Chatillon-St.Pol (*after 1226, +12.3.1289)”.⁴

; Per Racines et Histoire (Brabant): “1) Mahaut (Mathilde) de Brabant ° 1224 + 29/09/1288
     ép. 1) 14/06/1237 (Compiègne) Robert 1er, comte d’Artois (1237) ° 17/09/1216 +X 09/02/1250 (Mansourah, Egypte, croisé) (fils de Louis VIII, Roi de France, et de Blanca de Castilla y Leon)
     ép. 2) dès 31/05/1254 & 16/01/1255/1254 (Naples) Gui IV de Châtillon, comte de Blois (Gui II, comte de SaintPol (1249)), seigneur d’Ancre et d’Aubigny-en-Artois ° après 1226 + 12/03/1289 (ou 02/02 ?) (fils d’Hugues 1er de Châtillon, comte de Saint-Pol et de Blois, et de Marie d’Avesnes, comtesse de Blois, dame de Château-Renault)
     postérité ”.⁸

; Per Med Lands:
     "MATHILDE de Brabant (1224-29 Sep 1288, bur Abbey of Cercamp, Artois). The Oude Kronik van Brabant names (in order) "Mechtildim comitissam Atrebatensem et Sancti Pauli, Mariam comitissam palatinam Reni, Beatricem lantgraviam Thuringie postea comitissam Flandrie, et Margaretam sanctiomonialem, postea abbatissam in Valle Ducis" as the daughters of "Henricus secundus et quintus dux Brabancie" and his first wife Marie[307]. The Genealogia Ducum Brabantiæ Heredum Franciæ names "Machtildis" as oldest of the four daughters of "Henricus…secundus dux" and his wife Maria, and her first husband "Roberto comitis Attrebatensi, filio Regis Francie", their children "Robertum comitem Attrebatensem et unam filiam", and her second husband "comiti Sancti Pauli" referring to, but not naming, their sons and daughters[308]. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines records the marriage "apud Conpendium in octavis Pentecostes" of "Francie frater regis Robertus" and "Mathilde filia ducis Brabantie"[309]. The Chronicle of Guillaume de Nangis records the marriage in 1238 "apud Compendium" of "sanctus Ludovicus rex Franciæ Robertum fratrum suum" and "filiæ ducis Brabantiæ Mathildi"[310]. The late 13th century genealogy by Balduinus de Avennis records that "Johannes…fratri Guidoni [comes] Sancti Pauli" married "Macthildem filiam Henrici ducis Brabantiæ, relictam comitis Atrebatensis Roberti"[311].
     "m firstly (Compiègne 14 Jun 1237) ROBERT [I] Comte d'Artois, son of LOUIS VIII King of France & his wife Infanta doña Blanca de Castilla y León (Sep 1216 -killed in battle near Mansurah, Palestine 9 Feb 1250).
     "m secondly ([Naples before 31 May 1254]) GUY de Châtillon Comte de Saint-Pol, son of HUGUES [I] de Châtillon Comte de Saint-Pol & his second wife Marie d'Avesnes Ctss de Blois (after 1226-12 Mar 1289, bur Chercamp)."
Med Lands cites:

; Per Racines et Histoire (Saint-Pol Campdavène): “Gui IV de Chatillon (1225-1289) comte de Blois, comte de Saint-Pol, seigneur d’Encre, seigneur d’Aubigny
     épouse en 1250 Mahaud de Brabant (?-1288) 6 enfants”.²⁸

; Per Med Lands:
     "GUY [II] (after 1226-12 Mar 1289, bur Chercamp). The late 13th century genealogy by Balduinus de Avennis names "Joannem, Guidonem et Galterum" as the three children of "comiti Sancti-Pauli Hugoni" and his wife[1408]. He succeeded in 1249 as Comte de Saint-Pol. "Guido de Castillione comes Sancti Pauli" confirmed the transfer of the canons from the church "infra munitionem castri mei" made by "bone memoriæ Hugo de Castillione comes Sancti Pauli quondam pater meus", by charter dated mid-May 1251[1409]. Seigneur d'Ancre et d'Aubigny-en-Artois.
     "m ([Naples before 31 May 1254]) as his second wife [sic], MATHILDE de Brabant, widow of ROBERT [I] Comte d'Artois, daughter of HENRI II Duke of Brabant & his first wife Maria von Hohenstaufen (1224-29 Sep 1288, bur Abbey of Cercamp, Artois). The Oude Kronik van Brabant names (in order) "Mechtildim comitissam Atrebatensem et Sancti Pauli, Mariam comitissam palatinam Reni, Beatricem lantgraviam Thuringie postea comitissam Flandrie, et Margaretam sanctiomonialem, postea abbatissam in Valle Ducis" as the daughters of "Henricus secundus et quintus dux Brabancie" and his first wife Marie[1410]. The Genealogia Ducum Brabantiæ Heredum Franciæ names "Machtildis" as oldest of the four daughters of "Henricus…secundus dux" and his wife Maria, and her first husband "Roberto comitis Attrebatensi, filio Regis Francie", their children "Robertum comitem Attrebatensem et unam filiam", and her second husband "comiti Sancti Pauli" referring to but not naming their sons and daughters[1411]. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines records the marriage "apud Conpendium in octavis Pentecostes" of "Francie frater regis Robertus" and "Mathilde filia ducis Brabantie"[1412]. The late 13th century genealogy by Balduinus de Avennis records that "Johannes…fratri Guidoni [comes] Sancti Pauli" married "Macthildem filiam Henrici ducis Brabantiæ, relictam comitis Atrebatensis Roberti"[1413]."
Med Lands cites:

     Machtild/Mathilde (?) van Brabant, Graven van Holland was born circa 1200 at S-Hertogenbosch, Nord, Brabant, Belgium (now).^1,2 She married Heinrich II (?) Pfalzgraf bei Rhein, son of Heinrich V ''der Ältere' von Braunschweig Duke of Saxony, Pfalzgraf bei Rhine and Agnes von Hohenstaufen Pfalzgräfin bei Rhein, in November 1212 at Aachen (Aix La Chapelle), Stadtkreis Aachen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany (now),
;
Her 1st husband.^{3,9,2,4,10,11} Machtild/Mathilde (?) van Brabant, Graven van Holland married Floris/Florent IV (?) Count of Holland and Zeeland, son of Willem/William I (?) Count of Holland and Zealand and Adelaide van Gelre, on 6 December 1224
;
Her 2nd husband.^{12,1,13,14,15,2,4}
Machtild/Mathilde (?) van Brabant, Graven van Holland died on 22 December 1267.^16,1,2,4
Machtild/Mathilde (?) van Brabant, Graven van Holland was buried after 22 December 1267 at Loosduinen Abbey Church Cemetery, Loosduinen, Den Haag Municipality, Zuid-Holland, Netherlands; From Find A Grave:
     BIRTH     1195
     DEATH     21 Dec 1267 (aged 71–72)
     Nobility. Born the daughter of Henri I and Mathilde de Boulonge. In 1212 she married Heinrich II von Sachsen but was widowed two years later. Around 1224 she married secondly Floris IV of Holland whom she bore five children.
     Family Members
     Parents
          Henry I de Brabant 1160–1235
          Matilda of Boulogne 1170–1210
     Spouses
          Heinrich II von Sachsen 1196–1214 (m. 1212)
          Floris IV of Holland 1210–1234 (m. 1224)
     Siblings
          Henri II de Brabant 1189–1248
          Marie de Brabant 1190–1260
          Marguerite de Brabant 1192–1231
     Children
          Aleide van Holland unknown–1280
          Willem II of Holland 1228–1256
          Floris of Holland 1230–1258
          Margarete of Holland 1234–1276
     BURIAL     Loosduinen Abbey Church Cemetery, Loosduinen, Den Haag Municipality, Zuid-Holland, Netherlands
     Created by: Lutetia
     Added: 19 Jun 2013
     Find a Grave Memorial 112574715.¹⁷
     Reference: Genealogics cites: Genealogie der Graven van Holland, Zaltbommel, 1969 , Dek, Dr. A. W. E. 16.² EDV-22 GKJ-22.

; This is the same person as ”Matilda of Brabant, Countess of Holland” at Wikipedia, as ”Mathilde de Brabant (v.1200-1267)” at Wikipédia (FR), and as ”Machteld van Brabant (1200-1267)” at Wikipedia (NL).^18,19,20

; Per Genealogics:
     “Machteld was born about 1200, the daughter of Hendrik I, duke of Brabant, and Mathilde de Boulogne. About 1212 she was married to the Welf Heinrich II, Pfalzgraf bei Rhein, son of Heinrich I, Pfalzgraf am Rhein, and Agnes von Hohenstaufen. However Heinrich died in 1214 and the marriage was childless.
     “Before 6 December in 1224 Machteld married Floris IV, Graaf van Holland, son of Willem I, count of Holland, and his first wife Aleida van Gelre. They had five children of whom three, Willem II, Aleida and Margaretha, would have progeny.
     “After the death of Floris in 1235, Machteld came into conflict with his brother Willem over the regency. In 1235 an agreement was reached with the help of the archbishop of Cologne, by which Willem became regent of Holland. Machteld then became regent after Willem was killed in a tournament in 1238.
     “When her son Willem II came of age, Machteld retired to her properties in Westland. She lived in 's-Gravezande and granted it city rights. She also founded a church and a convent.
     “Machteld died on 22 December 1267, and was buried in the Cistercian abbey of Loosduinen that she had founded with her husband in 1230. This was despite her wish, expressed in a deed from 1244, that she and her daughters be buried in Affligem Abbey.”.²

; Per Genealogy.EU (Brabant 2): “F6. [1m.] Mathilde of Brabant, *ca 1200, +22.12.1267; 1m: Aachen 1212 Pfgf Heinrich II bei Rhein (+1214); 2m: 6.12.1224 Ct Florenz IV of Holland (*24.6.1210 +19.7.1234)”.²¹

; Per Med Lands:
     "MATHILDE de Brabant (-22 Dec 1267, bur Loosduinen Cistercian Abbey). The Oude Kronik van Brabant names "Mariam, conthoralem Ottonis Quartus Romanorum imperatoris, Aleydam comitssam Auernie, Margaretam comitissam Gerardi comitis Ghelrie et Mechteldim, primo quidem comitissam Palatinam Rheni, postea…comitissam Hollandie" as the daughters of "Henricus…primus, dux Lotharingie" and his wife "Mechteldim, filiam Mathei Boloniensis comitis"[276]. The Genealogia Ducum Brabantiæ Heredum Franciæ names "Machtildem [uxor] Florentius comes Hollandie" as the fourth of the four daughters of "Henricus dux" and his wife Mathilde[277]. The Chronologia Johannes de Beke records the marriage of Count Floris IV and "Machtildim filiam Henrici ducis Brabancie"[278]. The primary source which confirms her first marriage has not so far been identified. The marriage contract of "Mathildam filiam Henrici ducis Lotharingiæ" and "filium Willelmi comitis Hollandiæ Florentium primogenitum" is dated 5 Nov 1214[279]. The Chronologia Johannes de Beke records the death "1267 VI Kal Ian" of "Machtildis comitissa" and her burial "apud puellæ cystersiensis ordinis Losdunensis monasterii"[280].
     "m firstly (Aachen end Nov 1212) HEINRICH II Pfalzgraf bei Rhein, son of HEINRICH Herzog von Braunschweig, Pfalzgraf bei Rhein & his first wife Agnes von Staufen ([1196]-25 Apr 1214, bur Kloster Schönau bei Heidelberg).
     "m secondly (Betrothed 5 Nov 1214, 5 Dec 1224) FLORIS IV Count of Holland, son of WILLEM I Count of Holland & his first wife Adelheid van Gelre (24 Jun 1210-Noyon or Corbie 19 Jul 1234, bur Rijnsburg)."
Med Lands cites:

; Per Weis: “Florent IV, Count of Holland, d. 2345; m. bef. Dec. 1224, Mechtild of Brabant, dau. of Henry I (155-26), Duke of Brabant, by Mathiilde of Boulogne, dau. of Matthew of Alsace, Count of Boulogne.”.²²

; Per Genealogy.EU (Holland 2): “A1. Ct Floris IV of Holland (1222-34), *The Hague 24.6.1210, +Noyon ou Corbie (in France) 19.7.1234; m.before 6.12.1214 Mechtild of Brabant (*ca 1200 +21.12.1267)”.²³

; Per Med Lands:
     "FLORIS (24 Jun 1210-Corbie 19 Jul 1234, bur Rijnsburg). The Chronologia Johannes de Beke names (in order) "Florencium Hollandie comitem, Ottonem Traiectensem pontificem, Wilhelmum presidium, Adam abbatissan Rinesburgensem et Richardim…monialem" as the children of Count Willem & his first wife[526]. He succeeded his father in 1222 as FLORIS IV Count of Holland. The Chronologia Johannes de Beke records that "Claromontensis comes" killed Count Floris "in Corbiaco XIV Kal Aug"[527]. Beke's Egmondsch Necrologium records that "Florentius IV comes Hollandie tredecimus" was killed "XIV Kal Aug" in 1234 and buried "Reynsburch"[528].
     "m (Betrothed 5 Nov 1214, 5 Dec 1224) as her second husband, MATHILDE de Brabant, widow of HEINRICH II Pfalzgraf bei Rhein, daughter of HENRI I Duke of Brabant & his first wife Mathilde de Flandre (-22 Dec 1267, bur Loosduinen Cistercian Abbey). The Oude Kronik van Brabant names "Mariam, conthoralem Ottonis Quartus Romanorum imperatoris, Aleydam comitssam Auernie, Margaretam comitissam Gerardi comitis Ghelrie et Mechteldim, primo quidem comitissam Palatinam Rheni, postea…comitissam Hollandie" as the daughters of "Henricus…primus, dux Lotharingie" and his wife "Mechteldim, filiam Mathei Boloniensis comitis"[529]. The Genealogia Ducum Brabantiæ Heredum Franciæ names "Machtildem [uxor] Florentius comes Hollandie" as the fourth of the four daughters of "Henricus dux" and his wife Mathilde[530]. The marriage contract of "Mathildam filiam Henrici ducis Lotharingiæ" and "filium Willelmi comitis Hollandiæ Florentium primogenitum" is dated 5 Nov 1214[531]. The Chronologia Johannes de Beke records the marriage of Count Floris IV and "Machtildim filiam Henrici ducis Brabancie"[532]. "…Machtildis comitissa, Richard soror comitis" witnessed the charter dated 1231 under which Floris IV Count of Holland confirmed rights of Rijnsburg abbey[533]. "Mathildis comitissa Hollandiæ" donated property to Afflighem abbey, where she and "due filie mee…Aleidis et Margareta" elected their burial, by charter dated Sep 1244[534]. The Chronologia Johannes de Beke records the death "1267 VI Kal Ian" of "Machtildis comitissa" and her burial "apud puellæ cystersiensis ordinis Losdunensis monasterii"[535]"
Med Lands cites:

; Per Med Lands:
     "HEINRICH ([1196]-25 Apr 1214, bur Kloster Schönau bei Heidelberg). The Chronicon Sancti Michaelis Luneburgensis names "Henricum" as son of "Heinricum…palatinum Reni" & his wife, specifying that he died poisoned[48]. He succeeded his father in 1212 as HEINRICH II Pfalzgraf bei Rhein. The necrology of Seligenthal records the death "VII Kal Mai" of "Heinricus iunior palatinus"[49].
     "m (Aachen end-Nov 1212) as her first husband, MATHILDE de Brabant, daughter of HENRI I "le Guerroyeur" Duke of Brabant & his first wife Mathilde de Flandre (-22 Dec 1267, bur Loosduinen Cistercian Abbey). The Oude Kronik van Brabant names "Mariam, conthoralem Ottonis Quartus Romanorum imperatoris, Aleydam comitssam Auernie, Margaretam comitissam Gerardi comitis Ghelrie et Mechteldim, primo quidem comitissam Palatinam Rheni, postea…comitissam Hollandie" as the daughters of "Henricus…primus, dux Lotharingie" and his wife "Mechteldim, filiam Mathei Boloniensis comitis"[50]. The Genealogia Ducum Brabantiæ Heredum Franciæ names "Machtildem [uxor] Florentius comes Hollandie" as the fourth of the four daughters of "Henricus dux" & his wife Mathilde[51]. The Chronologia Johannes de Beke records the marriage of Count Floris IV and "Machtildim filiam Henrici ducis Brabancie"[52]. She married secondly (5 Dec 1214) Floris IV Count of Holland. The Chronologia Johannes de Beke records the death "1267 VI Kal Ian" of "Machtildis comitissa" and her burial "apud puellæ cystersiensis ordinis Losdunensis monasterii"[53]."
Med Lands cites:

; Per Genealogy.EU (Welf 2): “F1. Heinrich II, Pfgf bei Rhein (?-1214), *ca 1196, +14.4./1.5.1214; m.Aachen XI.1212 Matilda de Brabant (+21.12.1267)”.²⁴

     Thomas de Lumley died on 31 May 1400.¹

     Béatrice (?) Comtesse de Provence was born in 1234 at Bouches-du-Rhone, Aix-en-Provence, France; Med lands says b. 1232/4.^{11,5,12,6,2,13,9,10} She married Charles I Etienne (?) de France, Cte d'Anjou et du Maine, King of Naples and Sicily, son of Louis VIII "Le Lion" (?) King of France and Doña Blanche Alfonsa (?) Infanta de Castilla, Regent of France, on 31 January 1245/46 at Aix-en-Provence, France,
;
His 1st wife.^{14,5,6,15,16,3,9,10,17,18}
Béatrice (?) Comtesse de Provence died on 23 September 1267 at Nocera di Pagani, Calabria, Italy.^{3,12,5,6,2,13,9,10}
Béatrice (?) Comtesse de Provence was buried after 23 September 1267 at Eglise Saint Jean de Malte, Aix-en-Provence, Departement des Bouches-du-Rhône, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France;
Originally buried at Monastery of St. Mary de la Rocca-Pymont; remains transferred in 1277 to the Church of the Knights of St. John at Aix-en-Provence.
From Find A Grave:
     BIRTH     1234
     DEATH     23 Sep 1267 (aged 32–33)
     Royalty. Countess of Provence and Forcalquier in her own right and Queen of Naples and Sicily by marriage. She was the youngest of the four daughters of Raymond Berengar of Provence and Beatrice of Savoy. After the death of his only son, her father named her his sole heir. With this, he excluded his other daughters, the Queens of England and France as well as the future Queen of the Romans. When Raymond died in 1245 her hand in marriage as sought after by many suitors. Among them were Raymond VII of Toulouse and Konrad, son of Emperor Friedrich II. Supported by his mother and given a dispense by the pope, it was finally Charles of Anjou who was able to marry her. The wedding was celebrated on May 31st, 1246 in Aix. Beatrice is described as very ambitious and wanted to be a queen like her sisters. Her husband made himself very unpopular when he took power and fees from the Provencal nobles, but she sided with him. When his brother, Louis IX of France, decided to go on crusade he took his whole family with him. Beatrice became pregnant and bore her first son in Nicosia who died soon after. In 1251 the couple returned to France without the other crusaders. A rebellion had broken out in the Provence which was led by her mother, who had felt that her claims on the Provence had not been respected by Charles. After his return, King Louis IX successfully mediated between the elder Beatrice and Charles. In January 1266 the couple was crowned King and Queen of Sicily in Rome. She did not have much time to enjoy her new position as she died the following year. Her eldest son succeeded her as Count of Provence and Forcalquier. She was first buried in San Gennaro, Naples but was transferred to Aix in 1277.
     Family Members
     Parents
          Raimond Bérenger IV de Provence 1198–1245
          Beatrice of Savoy 1198–1266
     Spouses
          Charles of Anjou 1226–1285
          Charles of Anjou 1226–1285
     Siblings
          Marguerite de Provence 1221–1295
          Eleanor of Provence 1222–1291
          Sanchia of Provence 1225–1261
     Children
          Blanche d'Anjou 1250–1270
          Charles II de Anjou 1254–1309
          Philippe d'Anjou 1255–1277
          Isabelle d'Anjou 1261–1304
     BURIAL     Eglise Saint Jean de Malte, Aix-en-Provence, Departement des Bouches-du-Rhône, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France
     Created by: Lutetia
     Added: 18 Dec 2009
     Find a Grave Memorial 45591985.^2,3,19
      ; Per Genealogics:
     “Beatrice was born about 1234, the youngest daughter of Raimund Berengar V, comte de Provence, and Beatrice de Savoie. Beatrice's father had four daughters but no surviving sons. His eldest daughter Marguerite had married King Louis IX of France; his next daughter Eleanor had married Henry III and was queen of England; and his third, Sancha, had married the wealthy Richard, earl of Cornwall, who would become emperor-elect in 1257, brother of King Henry. King Louis IX's marriage to Marguerite had been arranged by his mother Blanche of Castile in the hope that he would inherit Provence and Forcalquier when Raimund Berengar died. However Raimund left everything to Beatrice. Jaime I 'the Conqueror', king of Aragón, in the hope of uniting Provence and Toulouse, had planned to marry Beatrice, but the French court intervened by persuading the pope to refuse the marriage.
     “When Raimund Berengar died on 19 August 1245, Beatrice became one of the most attractive heiresses in medieval Europe. Various suitors had tried to seize her, so her mother Beatrice de Savoie placed the young Beatrice in a safe fortress, secured the trust of its people, then sought the pope's for his protection. In Cluny in December 1245, a secret discussion took place between Pope Innocent IV, Louis IX of France, his mother Blanche of Castile and his brother Charles Etienne of Anjou. It was decided that in return for Louis IX supporting the pope militarily, the pope would allow Charles, youngest brother to the French king, to marry Beatrice de Provence. However Provence was never to go to France outright through Charles. It was agreed that if Charles and Beatrice had children the county would go to them, and that if there was no issue the county would go to Sancha de Provence. If Sancha died without an heir, Provence would go to the king of Aragón.
     “Beatrice de Savoie, who had been granted the usufruct of the county for her lifetime according to her husband's will, agreed to the marriage between Charles and Beatrice. Charles, along with Philippe de Savoie and five hundred knights, rode from Lyon to Provence. On their way they encountered Raymond VII, comte de Toulouse, who also had an army on the way to Provence. However Raymond had brought fewer men and Charles and his army were quicker. When Charles reached Aix-en-Provence, Jaime I of Aragón, who was already there but had not been allowed to see Beatrice, had his soldiers surrounding the castle in which she and her mother were resident. There was a brief struggle, but the king of Aragón retreated with dignity. To the young Beatrice, Charles, who was described as 'an admirable young man', was a satisfactory resolution to her problems. The marriage took place in Aix-en-Provence. They had soldiers on guard and the bride was escorted down the aisle by her uncle Tommaso II de Savoie.
     “As soon as Charles became count of Provence he brought in his own team of French lawyers and accountants. He excluded his mother-in-law from the running of the county and began taking castles, power and fees away from the nobles who had previously enjoyed a certain degree of independence in the running of their cities. Charles made himself very unpopular. Beatrice de Savoie moved to Forcalquier in protest, and Charles' officials were thrown out of the city of Marseilles.
     “In May 1247 Charles and Beatrice were recorded as being in Melun where Charles was knighted by his brother Louis IX. Beatrice accompanied Charles on the Seventh crusade in 1248. Led by Louis, the crusaders made an extended procession through France. Before they left, Charles and Beatrice met with her mother in Beaucaire to try to come to terms over Provence. While the most important matters were left until Charles and Beatrice returned, it was decided that Beatrice de Savoie would give up the rights to 'the castle at Aix in exchange for a percentage of the county's revenue'.
     “Beatrice gave birth to her first child in Nicosia, 'a very elegant and well formed son', as Charles Etienne's elder brother Robert I, comte d'Artois, wrote home to their mother Blanche. Beatrice stayed with her sister Marguerite in Damietta, where they lost contact with the king and his army. Both women gave birth while in Damietta.
     “In 1250 they were reunited with the rest of the crusade at Acre, where the king's ransom was paid. Charles and Beatrice, along with several other nobles, left soon after. They journeyed to the court of Emperor Friedrich II to ask him to send the king of France more men for his crusade. However the emperor, who had been excommunicated, needed his army to fight the pope, and refused. Charles and Beatrice were then forced to go to Lyon to meet with the pope. By the time they returned to Provence in 1251, open rebellion had broken out, encouraged by Beatrice's mother who felt that Charles had failed to respect her claims in Provence. By July 1252 Charles had managed to defeat the revolt. However in November of the same year his mother Blanche of Castile died, and Charles and Beatrice had to go to Paris, where Charles co-ruled France with his brother Alphonse de France, comte de Poitou et Toulouse. The pope offered Charles the kingdom of Sicily in 1252, but Charles then had to turn the offer down, as he was preoccupied with other affairs and did not have the necessary funds.
     “The crusade returned in 1254. Charles and Beatrice spent Christmas in Paris that year, where all Beatrice's sisters and their mother were present, and it was noted that the other four women treated the younger Beatrice coldly, due to the terms of Raimund Berengar's will.
     “Beatrice's sister Marguerite publicly offended her in 1259 by not seating her at the family table, claiming that because Beatrice was not a Queen like her sisters she could not sit with them. Marguerite had hoped to provoke her sister into treacherous behaviour so that she would have a valid reason to invade Provence. Beatrice 'with great grief', went to Charles, who reportedly told her, 'Be at peace, for I will shortly make thee a greater Queen than them'.
     “When the new pope granted Charles the kingdom of Sicily, his challenge was to defeat Manfredo of Sicily, half-brother of emperor-elect Konrad IV, who had usurped the Sicilian throne from Konrad's son Konradin (Corradino). Another contender to win the throne of Sicily was Beatrice's nephew Edmund 'Crouchback', earl of Lancaster, but it soon became clear that Charles was the more promising candidate. To achieve his goal Charles needed an army and Beatrice helped her husband raise one. She called on all her knights as well as the young men of France, and she pledged all her jewels, to ensure that they joined her husband's army.
     “Charles first went to Rome, and Beatrice followed with the remaining army through the treacherous Alpine passes during the autumn of 1265. It took them nearly six weeks to reach Rome, but once both Charles and Beatrice were in Rome they were crowned King and Queen-Consort of Sicily on 6 January 1266. As soon as the coronation festivities had ended, Beatrice stayed in Rome with a small force to hold the city while Charles rode out to the Battle of Benevento. After her husband's victory on 26 February 1266, she chose the castle Melfi as their residence.
     “Charles and Beatrice had seven children of whom Charles II and Beatrice would have progeny.
     “Beatrice died on 23 September 1267, a little over a year after becoming queen. The cause of her death is not recorded. She was initially buried at Nocera, but Charles later moved her body to Aix-en-Provence where she was laid to rest with her father.”.⁹ EDV-21 GKJ-22.

; This is the same person as:
”Beatrice of Provence” at Wikipedia and as
”Béatrice de Provence” at Wikipédia (Fr.)^20,4

Reference: Genealogics cites:

Reference: Weis [1992:99] Line 104-28.¹ She was Countess of Provence.¹²

; Per Med Lands:
     "BEATRICE de Provence ([1232/34]-Naples 23 Sep 1267, bur Naples, Cathedral of San Gennaro, transferred 1277 to Aix-en-Provence, Church of St Jean de Jerusalem). The testament of “R. Berengarius…comes et marchio Provincie et comes Forcalquerii”, dated 20 Jun 1238, names “Margaritam filiam nostrum…reginam Francie…Elionors filiam nostrum…reginam Anglie…Sanciam filiam nostram” and appoints “Beatricem filiam nostrum heredem generalem”[460]. Her birth date is estimated on the assumption that she was 12/14 years old at the time of her marriage in 1246. She succeeded in 1245 as BEATRICE Ctss de Provence, in accordance with the testament of her father. The Annales Sancti Victoris Massilienses record the marriage "1246 mense Ian pridie Kal Feb" of "Karolus comes, frater Lodovici Francorum regis" and "Beatrice filia comitis Provincie Raimundi Berengarii bone memorie"[461]. A second testament of "Beatrix relicta…Dom. Reymundi Berengarii comitis provinciæ", dated 22 Feb 1264, adds bequests to "…Beatrice Andegavie comitisse"[462]. The testament of "Beatrix…Regina Sicilie, Ducatus Apuliæ et Principatus Capuæ, Andegavensis, Provinciæ et Forcalquerii Comitissa" is dated "die Mercurii in crastino Beatorum Peteri et Pauli Apostolorum" in 1266, with bequests to "filium nostrum Philippum…Domini Caroli…Regis Siciliæ…mariti nostri…filiam nostram Blancham maritatam Roberto Flandrensi…Carolus filius noster primogenitus…Beatricem filiam nostram…Isabellim filiam nostram…" and naming "bonæ memoriæ Domini Raimundi Berengarii quondam patris nostri"[463]. The Istoria of Saba Malaspina records the death of "regina" in Naples, dated to 1267 from the context[464]. An inscription in Naples Cathedral records “domina regina Beatrix uxor domini Caroli de Francia rigis Siciliæ” 1267[465].
     "m (Aix-en-Provence 31 Jan 1246) as his first wife, CHARLES de France Comte d'Anjou et de Maine, son of LOUIS VIII King of France & Infanta doña Blanca de Castilla (posthumously [21] Mar 1226/7-Foggia 7 Jan 1285, bur Naples, Cathedral of San Gennaro). Marquis de Provence and Comte de Forcalquier 1246, by right of his wife. Created Comte d'Anjou et du Maine Aug 1246 by his brother King Louis IX. He was invested as CHARLES I King of Sicily at Rome 28 Jun 1265, confirmed by Pope Clement IV 4 Nov, crowned at St Peter’s Rome 6 Jan 1266."
Med Lands cites:

; Per Genealogy.EU (Barcelona 2): “D5. Cts Beatrice of Provence (1245-67), *1234, +Nocera 23.9.1267, bur Roque-Pymont; m.Aix-en-Provence 31.1.1246 Cte Charles d'Anjou, King of Sicily (*21.3.1226 +7.1.1285)”.²¹

; Per Med Lands:
     "CHARLES de France, son of LOUIS VIII King of France & his wife Infanta doña Blanca de Castilla y León (posthumously [21] Mar 1227-Foggia 7 Jan 1285, bur Naples, Cathedral of San Gennaro). He is recorded as brother of Louis IX King of France by Matthew Paris, who states that the king sent him home with his brother Alphonse after the battle of Mansurah in 1250[777]. He became Marquis de Provence and Comte de Forcalquier in 1246, by right of his first wife. His brother Louis IX King of France installed him as Comte d'Anjou et du Maine, at Melun in Aug 1246. He accompanied King Louis IX on crusade to Egypt in 1248, but was imprisoned during the retreat from Damietta 5 Apr 1250. He returned to Provence in Oct 1250[778]. Following the death of his mother in 1252, he took an active part in governing France (with his brother Alphonse Comte de Poitiers), taking charge in particular of foreign affairs and military operations[779]. Pope Innocent IV, as part of his anti-Hohenstaufen strategy, proposed Charles as king of Sicily in 1253, but he refused. Marguerite II Ctss of Flanders offered him the county of Hainaut as part of her strategy of disinheriting her children by her first marriage. He besieged Valenciennes, but King Louis required him to renounce any claim to Hainaut in 1256[780]. Raymond des Baux Prince d'Orange ceded him all his claims to the kingdoms of Arles and Vienne 23 Aug 1257. Guglielmo II Conte di Ventimiglia accepted his suzerainty 19 Jan 1258[781]. Pope Urban IV repeated the papal offer of the kingdom of Sicily in Jun 1263[782]. He was elected Senator of Rome in Aug 1263, invested as such in Rome 21 Jun 1265[783]. He was invested as CHARLES I King of Sicily at Rome 28 Jun 1265, confirmed by Pope Clement IV 4 Nov and crowned at St Peter’s Rome 6 Jan 1266. He defeated and killed Manfredo King of Sicily near Benevento 26 Feb 1266, and entered Naples 7 Mar 1266. Under the first Treaty of Viterbo 24 May 1267, Guillaume II de Villehardouin Prince of Achaia accepted Angevin suzerainty[784]. Under the second Treaty of Viterbo 27 May 1267, King Charles acquired all rights over Greece (except the city of Constantinople) from Baudouin II ex-Emperor of Constantinople, confirmed by the betrothal of his daughter to Baudouin's son, and agreed that the military campaign to recapture Constantinople would begin in 1274[785]. Challenged by Konradin von Hohenstaufen, he defeated and captured the latter 23 Aug 1268 at Tagliacozzo, Abruzzo. Imperial Vicar-General in Italy 1268. Charles's attention was diverted from Byzantium by joining his brother's crusade against Tunis in 1270. He captured Durazzo in 1272, declaring himself King of Albania 21 Feb 1272. Comte de Tonnerre in 1273, by right of his second wife. On the death of Guillaume de Villehardouin in 1278, the principality of Achaia passed under Charles's direct authority, as a result of the marriage contract of his deceased son Philippe. Pope Gregory X arranged for Marie of Antioch to sell her rights to the kingdom of Jerusalem to King Charles in Mar 1277 for 1000 gold pounds and an annuity of 4000 pounds tournois. He immediately assumed the title King of Jerusalem and sent Roger di San Severino as his bailli to Acre where the latter succeeded in taking control of the administration and proclaimed Charles as king[786]. Nikephoros Dukas Komnenos Angelos Lord of Epirus accepted his suzerainty in 1278[787]. Encouraged by the new Pope Martin IV, he signed the Treaty of Orvieto 3 Jul 1281 with Venice and Philippe de Courtenay, titular Latin Emperor of Constantinople, with a view to restoring the Latin Empire. The massacre of the French in Palermo 30 Mar 1282 led to general rebellion in Sicily against French rule in favour of Pedro III King of Aragon. He retired to Bordeaux 12 Jan 1283, leaving his son Charles Principe di Salerno as governor of the Kingdom. The Aragonese fleet defeated the Angevin forces in the bay of Naples 5 Jun 1284, during which Charles's heir was captured. He returned to Naples 8 Jun 1284[788]. The Chronicle of Toulouse Saint-Saturnin records the death "in festo Epiphaniæ" in 1284 (presumably O.S.) of "Carolus rex Siciliæ"[789]. The Chronicle of Guillaume de Nangis records the death 7 Jan 1285 (N.S.) of "Karolus rex Siciliæ"[790].
     "m firstly (Aix-en-Provence 31 Jan 1246) BEATRICE Ctss de Provence et de Forcalquier, daughter & heiress of RAYMOND BERENGER IV Comte de Provence et de Forcalquier & his wife Béatrice de Savoie ([1232/34]-Naples 23 Sep 1267, bur Naples, Cathedral of San Gennaro, transferred 1277 to Aix-en-Provence, église de Saint Jean de Jérusalem). The testament of “R. Berengarius…comes et marchio Provincie et comes Forcalquerii”, dated 20 Jun 1238, names “Margaritam filiam nostrum…reginam Francie…Elionors filiam nostrum…reginam Anglie…Sanciam filiam nostram” and appoints “Beatricem filiam nostrum heredem generalem”[791]. Her birth date is estimated on the assumption that she was 12/14 years old at the time of her marriage in 1246. The Annales Sancti Victoris Massilienses record the marriage "1246 mense Ian pridie Kal Feb" of "Karolus comes, frater Lodovici Francorum regis" and "Beatrice filia comitis Provincie Raimundi Berengarii bone memorie"[792]. A second testament of "Beatrix relicta…Dom. Reymundi Berengarii comitis provinciæ", dated 22 Feb 1264, adds bequests to "…Beatrice Andegavie comitisse"[793]. The testament of "Beatrix…Regina Sicilie, Ducatus Apuliæ et Principatus Capuæ, Andegavensis, Provinciæ et Forcalquerii Comitissa" is dated "die Mercurii in crastino Beatorum Peteri et Pauli Apostolorum" in 1266, with bequests to "filium nostrum Philippum…Domini Caroli…Regis Siciliæ…mariti nostri…filiam nostram Blancham maritatam Roberto Flandrensi…Carolus filius noster primogenitus…Beatricem filiam nostram…Isabellim filiam nostram…ventrem nostrum, si contigat Nos masculum parere...si autem filiam..." and naming "bonæ memoriæ Domini Raimundi Berengarii quondam patris nostri"[794]. The Istoria of Saba Malaspina records the death of "regina" in Naples, dated to 1267 from the context[795]. An inscription in Naples Cathedral records “domina regina Beatrix uxor domini Caroli de Francia rigis Siciliæ” 1267[796].
     "m secondly (by proxy Trani 18 Jan 1268, in person [12 Oct/18 Nov] 1268) MARGUERITE de Bourgogne, daughter of EUDES de Bourgogne [Capet] Comte de Nevers, d'Auxerre et de Tonnerre & his wife Mathilde de Bourbon [Dampierre] Dame de Bourbon Ctss de Nevers, d'Auxerre et de Tonnerre ([1249/50]-château de Tonnerre 5 Sep 1308, bur Tonnerre, église de l'Hôpital). William of Tyre (Continuator) records the marriage of King Charles and "la fille du conte de Nevers, niece le duc de Borgoigne" in 1268, around the time of the execution of Konradin[797]. The Istoria of Saba Malaspina records that Charles I King of Sicily married "filia ducis [Burgundiæ]"[798]. Ctss de Tonnerre, Dame de Montmirail et du Perche. An arrêt of the Parliament dated 1 Nov 1273 addressed “dominus Ioannes de Cabilone miles...de parte Aalesin uxorem suam...Yolandim comitissam Niverrnensem [...Robertum de Flandria eius maritum] et Margaretam reginam Siciliæ sorores suas” in respect of the succession of “Mathildis quondam comitissæ Nivernensis matris suæ”, ordered the partition of “Nivernensi, Altissiodorensi et Tornodorensi comitatib.”, under which Nevers was granted to Yolande, Tonnerre to Marguerite, and Auxerre to Alix[799]. After the death of her husband, she returned to France and retired to Tonnerre where she founded a hospital 9 Apr 1293. The Continuatio of the Chronicle of Guillaume de Nangis records the death in 1308 of "Margareta Siciliæ regina relicta primi Karoli regis Siciliæ fratrisque sancti Ludovici"[800].
     "Mistress (1): LAUDUNA, widow of --- Alba di Tarascono, daughter of --- (-after 1273). King Charles I authorised payments to “Laudune relicte quodam domini Albe de Tarascono matri quondam Caroli filioli nostri” for her maintenance in 1273[801].
     "Mistress (2): GIACOMA, wife of RUGGIERO di Pietrafissa, daughter of --- di Pietracastalda e di Sasso & his wife ---. An undated charter records the grant to “domine Iacobe uxori domini Rogerii de Petrafixa sorori quondam Amfesini et Thomasini” of “tertia pars Titi nec non Petracastalda cum Saxo“ which had been granted by Manfredo King of Sicily and confiscated from them because of “proditionem factam in Capuacio” and confirmed its possession by “dominus Ioannes de Ancis gallicus vir domine Sobucie filie dicte domine Iacobe et domini Regis” in the name of his wife[802]. "
Med Lands cites:

; Per Genealogy.EU (Capet 6): “B.6 Charles, Cte d'Anjou et du Maine (1246-85), King of Sicily (1265-85), King of Naples (1282-85) and titularly, King of Jerusalem, etc; *III.1226, +Foggie 7.1.1285, bur Naples; 1m: 1246 Beatrice de Provence (*1234 +1267); 2m: 1268 Cts Marguerite de Tonnerre (*1250 +1308) dau.of Eudes de Bourgogne, Cte de Nevers, d'Auxerre et de Tonnerre."¹⁵

; Per Genealogy.EU (Capet 19): “Charles of France, Cte d'Anjou et de Maine (1246-85), became by marriage Cte de Provence et de Forcalquier (1246-85), King of Sicily (1265-85) [the title in this family was sometimes Naples, sometimes Sicily, sometimes both; for convenience I will henceforth call it Naples only], King of Naples (1282-85) and titularly, King of Jerusalem, etc, *21.3.1226, +Foggia 7.1.1285, bur Naples; 1m: Aix-en-Provence 31.1.1246 Beatrice de Provence (*1234 +23.9.1267); 2m: 18.11.1268 Marguerite de Bourgogne, Cts de Tonnerre (*1250 +4.9.1308.)²²" She was Countess of Provence and Forcalquier between 19 August 1245 and 23 September 1267.²⁰ She was Queen consort of Sicily between 26 February 1266 and 23 September 1267.

      ; Master Trin Hall Cambridge, Chllr Cambridge U, Bp Carlisle 1430 and Lincoln 1451 and Treasurer of England 1446.¹

     AlixAliceAlys (?) de France, Countess of Vexin, Comtesse d'Eu, Dame d'Arques was born on 4 October 1160 at France; Genealogy.EU (Capet 4 page) says b. ca 1170; Wikipedia and Genealogics say b. 4 Oct 1160.^2,4,5,7 She and Richard I "Coeur de Lion" (?) King of England were engaged in 1169; Med Lands says: "Betrothed by peace treaty 30 Sep 1174, betrothed 21 Sep 1177."^4,7,8 AlixAliceAlys (?) de France, Countess of Vexin, Comtesse d'Eu, Dame d'Arques and John I "Lackland" (?) King of England were engaged in 1193.⁸ AlixAliceAlys (?) de France, Countess of Vexin, Comtesse d'Eu, Dame d'Arques married Guillaume III Talvas de Ponthieu Cte de Ponthieu et de Montruil, son of Jean I (?) Comte de Ponthieu and Béatrix de St. Pol, on 20 August 1195 at Yvelines, France (now),
; Med Lands says: contract Mantes, Yvelines 20 Aug 1195.^{11,2,7,8,12,13}
AlixAliceAlys (?) de France, Countess of Vexin, Comtesse d'Eu, Dame d'Arques died between 1218 and 1221; Genealogics says d. aft 18 Jul 1218; Genealogy.EU says d. 1218/21; Med Lands says d. aft Jan 1213.^2,7,8
      ; Per Racines et Histoire (Ponthieu): "3) Guillaume II ou III de Ponthieu (IV Talvas) ° après 1178 (~1179) + 06/10//1221 comte de Ponthieu (1191) et de Montreuil, X en Normandie, X à Bouvines (27/07/1214), participe à la croisade en Albigeois (rassemblement à Lyon, 04/1215)
     ép. (c.m.) 20/08/1195 (Mantes, 78) Alix (Adèle) de France, comtesse de Bourges (1174, douaire) puis d’Eu et dame d’Arques (1195, dot) et de Vexin, dame d’Arques ° ~1170 + après 1200 - 18/07/1218/ 1221 ? (fille de Louis VII et d’Alix de Champagne ; fiancée à Richard d’Angleterre 1161, renouvellé 1189, élevée en Angleterre, revient en France 08/1195.¹⁴ )"

; Per Douglas Richardson:
     "The discussion about Alice of France's maternity was hashed out in a series of posts involving several newsgroup members, including Vickie Elam White, History Writer, Peter Stewart, and myself. The discussion are first centered on determining when Alice was born and when she was engaged to marry Richard the Lion Heart, later King of England. As the discussion progressed, it was clear that there was a complete divide between historians and genealogists on Alice's maternity.
     "Also, there seemed to be some confusion as to when Alice and Richard were engaged to marry. All historians I check identified Alice as the daughter of King Louis VII's 2nd wife, Constance of Castile. On the other hand, all standard genealogical sources I checked identified Alice as the daughter of King Louis VII's 3rd wife, Adele of Champagne.
     "As various parties weighed in, History Writer pointed out that a modern historian, Alison Weir, cited a medieval English chronicler, Ralph de Diceto, as her source. When I examined Ralph de Diceto, I found that he stated that Constance of Castile died in childbirth in 1160, and was survived by a female child. I believe Ralph de Dicteo likewise stated that Alice and Richard were affianced in 1167. Given the chronology of these events, it became rather evident that Alice was Constance's daughter, not Adele's daughter. Later, it was learned that negotiations for Alice and Richard's marriage were started in 1167 and completed in 1168. A female child had to be at least seven in the medieval period for her to agree to a binding engagement.
     "Peter Stewart subsequently located a contemporary French document which identified Alice of France as Constance of Castile's daughter. I've pasted a copy of Peter's post below. I've since located a French chronicle which confirms the information in Peter's original post, which chronicle material I posted this past week on the newsgroup. As such, the evidence is conclusive now that Alice of France was in fact Constance of Castile's daughter.
     "As to whether or not Alice's husband, Guillaume, Count of Ponthieu, was 19 years younger than Alice, I believe there is actually an 11 years gap in their ages, not 19. It's interesting you should raise the gaps in their ages as an issue again, as this was one of the things which originally made me question that Alice was the daughter of Adele of Champagne. As to Guillaume's age, I recommend you check the newsgroup archives for the discussion about his birth and parentage.
     "Also, I might recommend you check the archives for the updated ancestry tables for Constance of Castile, which information was kindly provided by several parties, once it was established that Alice was Constance's daughter.
Best always, Douglas Richardson, Salt Lake City, Utah, E-mail: royalancestry@msn.com."¹⁵ GAV-22 EDV-22 GKJ-23.

Reference: Genealogics cites:

; Per Med Lands:
     "ALIX [Adelaide] de France ([4 Oct] 1160-after Jan 1213). Robert of Torigny records the death in 1160 of "Constantia regina Franciæ" while giving birth to a daughter[468]. Ralph de Diceto´s Ymagines Historiarum record in 1160 that “regina Francorum filia Athelfunsi imperatoris Hispaniarum” died while giving birth to a daughter who survived (“incolumi filia”)[469]. The Chronicle of Ralph of Coggeshall records that King Louis VII had "aliam filiam de Constantia…Adelaidis", her mother dying while giving birth to her[470]. The Historia Gloriosi Regis Ludovici VII records that the king had "unam filiam de Constantia regina…Adelaidis", stating that her mother died in giving birth[471]. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "reginam Margaretam Anglie et comitissam Aaliz" as childen of King Louis VII & his second wife, specifying that Alix married "Guilelmus comes de Pontivo"[472]. The De Rebus Hispaniæ of Rodericus Ximenes names "Adelodis" as the daughter of "Ludovico Regi Francorum" and his wife "Elisabeth" (error for Constantia), specifying that she married "Comitis de Pontivo"[473]. There is some confusion between this daughter and King Louis VII's supposed daughter Alix by his third wife (see below). Roger of Hoveden records that the betrothal of King Louis's daughter to Richard of England was first proposed in 1161, when Richard's older brother Henry was betrothed to her sister Marguerite[474]. Chronologically, this can only refer to the king's daughter by his second marriage. This appears to be confirmed by the Chronicle of Gervase which records the betrothal in 1169 of "Ricardus…filius regis Anglæ" and "filiam regis Franciæ quam habuit de filia regis Hispanorum"[475]. Ctss de Bourges 1174, as her dowry. Benedict of Peterborough records the betrothal "XI Kal Oct 1177" of "rex Anglie…Ricardus comes Pictaviæ filius eius" and "regi Franciæ…filiam" as part of the peace agreement between the two kings[476]. It is assumed that this refers to the same daughter, although the primary source which confirms this beyond doubt has not yet been identified. If this is correct, she was presumably the same daughter who later married the Comte de Ponthieu. Until further information comes to light, it is assumed that Alix/Adelaide who was betrothed to Richard, and who later married the Comte de Ponthieu, was the daughter who was born in 1160, and that King Louis had no daughter of this name by his third marriage. Alix was brought up in England after her betrothal. Benedict of Peterborough records that the betrothal of "Alesia soror eius [Philippi regis Franciæ]" and Richard was renewed in 1189, commenting that the king of England "in custodia habet"[477]. Richard refused the marriage after his accession to the throne. Kerrebrouck states that King Richard arranged her betrothal to his younger brother John in early 1193[478], but the primary source which confirms this information has not been identified. She returned to France in Aug 1195. Ctss d'Eu, Dame d’Arques in 1195, as her dowry for her marriage. "Willelmus comes Pontivi" granted rights to the commune of Marquienneterre, with the consent of "uxoris mee Aalidis filie Ludovici regis Francie", by charter dated 1199[479]. "Willelmus comes Pontivi et Monstreoli" donated property to the church of Saint Giosse, with the consent of "Marie filie mee et Aelis uxoris mee", by charter dated 1205[480]. "Willelmus comes Pontivi et Monstreoli…et Aalais uxor mea comitissa Pontivi et Maria filia mea" granted concessions by charter dated 1207[481]. "Willelmus comes Pontivi et Monstreoli" granted rights to one of his vassals, with the consent of "Aalis, uxoris mee Ludovici regis filie et Marie filie mee", by charter dated Aug 1208[482]. "Willelmus comes Pontivi et Monstreoli" granted rights to the commune of Maioc, with the consent of "Aalis, uxoris mee et Symonis de Bolonia, generis mei, et Marie filie mee, uxoris eius", by charter dated 1209[483]. "Willelmus comes Pontivi et Monstreoli" granted rights to the nuns of Moreaucourt, for his soul and that of "Aelidis, uxoris mee, filie Ludovici regis Francie", by charter dated Dec 1209[484]. "Willaume comte de Pontieu et de Montreuil" agreed a concession made by one of his vassals, with the consent of "Aalis sa femme et de Marie leur fille" by charter dated Nov 1211[485]. A charter dated Jan 1213 (New Style) confirms a grant of rights to the church of Sainte-Marie at Clairvaux by "Willelmus…Pontivi et Monstreoli comes et Aalis, uxor eius, filia pii regis Ludovici" agreed a concession made by one of his vassals, with the consent of "Aalis sa femme et de Marie leur fille"[486].
     "Betrothed (by peace treaty 30 Sep 1174, betrothed 21 Sep 1177) to RICHARD of England, son of HENRY II King of England & Eléonore Dss d'Aquitaine (Beaumont Palace, Oxford 8 Sep 1157-Chalus 6 Apr 1199, bur Fontevrault Abbey). He succeeded his father in 1189 as RICHARD I " Cœur-de-lion " King of England.
     "Betrothed (early 1193) to JOHN of England, son of HENRY II King of England & his wife Eléonore Dss d'Aquitaine (Beaumont Palace, Oxford 24 Dec 1166 or 1167-Newark Castle, Lincolnshire 18/19 Oct 1216, bur Worcester Cathedral). This betrothal appears to have taken place despite the fact that John was already married to his first wife at the time. He succeeded his brother in 1199 as JOHN King of England.
     "m (contract Mantes, Yvelines 20 Aug 1195) GUILLAUME [II] “Talvas” Comte de Ponthieu et de Montreuil, son of JEAN [I] Comte de Ponthieu & his third wife Béatrix de Saint-Pol (after 1178-6 Oct 1221, bur Abbaye de Valloires, Somme)."
Med Lands cites:

; This is the same person as Alys of France, Countess of Vexin at Wikipedia, and as Adèle de France (née en 1160) at Wikipédia (Fr.)^5,16

; Per Genealogics:
     "Alix was born on 4 October 1160, the daughter of Louis VII, king of France, and his second wife Constance of Castile. She is also known as Alaïs, Adélaïde, Adèle or Alix, but is not to be confused with her half-sister Alice de France, the daughter of Louis by his first wife Eleanor de Poitou, duchesse d'Aquitaine.
     "Alix's mother Constance died in giving birth to her. Desperate for a male heir, Louis married Alix de Blois just five weeks after Constance's death. Five years later came the birth of Alix's half-brother Philippe, eventually king of France, and six years later still the birth of Alix's youngest half-sister Agnès who would marry Andronicus I Komnenos, emperor of Byzantium.
     "In January 1169 an agreement was reached by her father and King Henry II of England that Alix should be betrothed to Henry's son Richard. She was then sent to England. Her prospective father-in-law Henry II kept her at his court for many years. By 1177 this had become a scandal and a source of friction between England and France. In that year Cardinal Peter of St. Chrysogonus, on behalf of Pope Alexander III, threatened to place England's continental possessions under an interdict if Henry did not proceed with Alix's marriage to his son. Henry eventually pacified Louis VII while still avoiding the central issue: Alix remained with Henry, unmarried. There were widespread rumours that he had made her his mistress and that she had had a child by him. It was said of Alix that 'except for her looks, the tales were none too good', as she was considered promiscuous throughout her life.
     "When King Henry died on 6 July 1189, her long-time fiancé Richard succeeded to the throne but terminated their engagement in Messina in March 1191, on the grounds that she had borne a child by his father. She was sent back to France in 1195.
     "Her brother Philippe II, king of France, had offered her to Richard's younger brother John in 1192, but Eleanor of Aquitaine vetoed the match. Instead Alix was married on 20 August 1195 to Guillaume II Talvas, comte de Ponthieu et Montreuil, son of Jean I, comte de Ponthieu, and Béatrix de St. Pol. They had three daughters of whom only Marie would have progeny. Alix was still alive on 28 July 1218; the date of her death is unknown, but thought to have been about 1220."⁷

Reference: Weis [1992:102] Line 109-28.¹⁷ AlixAliceAlys (?) de France, Countess of Vexin, Comtesse d'Eu, Dame d'Arques was also known as Adèle (?) de France, Comtesse de Vexin.¹⁶

; Per Genealogy.EU: "G6. [3m.] Alix, Cts de Vexin, *1170, +after 1200/ 1218/21; m. Meudon 20.8.1195 Guillaume III Talvas, Cte de Ponthieu et de Montruil (*ca 1177 +1221.)¹⁸"

     Louis VIII "Le Lion" (?) King of France was born on 5 September 1187 at Paris, City of Paris, Île-de-France, France.^{9,10,4,2,3,11,12,5} He married Doña Blanche Alfonsa (?) Infanta de Castilla, Regent of France, daughter of Alfonso VIII "El Noble" Sanchez (?) King of Castile & Leon and Leonor (Eleanor) Pantagenet of England, Queen of Castile, on 23 May 1200 at Abbaye de Port-Mort, Pont-Audemer, Departement de l'Eure, Haute-Normandie, France (now).^{2,10,4,13,3,5,14}

Louis VIII "Le Lion" (?) King of France died on 8 November 1226 at Chateau de Montpensier, Montpensier, Departement du Puy-de-Dôme, Auvergne, France (now), at age 39.^{2,1,10,4,3,5,12,11}
Louis VIII "Le Lion" (?) King of France was buried after 9 November 1226 at Basilique Saint-Denis, Saint-Denis, Departement de Seine-Saint-Denis, Île-de-France, France; From Find A Grave:
     BIRTH     5 Sep 1187, Paris, City of Paris, Île-de-France, France
     DEATH     8 Nov 1226 (aged 39), Montpensier, Departement du Puy-de-Dôme, Auvergne, France
     Louis VIII the Lion, was the son of Philip II Augustus, King of the Franks and Isabelle of Hainaut. Louis was the King of France from 1223 to 1226 and a member of the house of Capet, as he was a direct descendant of Hughes Capet circa 940–996.
     His mother died in 1190, giving birth to twins sons, and Louis inherited her dowry and the title of Count of Artois, which he held until his father died, and the title reverted to the crown when Louis became King of France in 1223.
     After lengthy negotiations between his father, Phillip, King of France and John Lackland, King of England, and as a condition of the Treaty of Le Goulet between these two, Louis was married on 23 May 1200, at the age of 12, to Richard's sister's daughter, Blanche of Castile, also 12 at the time and born in Spain. Her grandmother, Eleanor of Aquitane, would cross the Pyrenees, bringing the girl from Spain to France. The marriage was finally consummated in 1205 and Blanche would bear the first of thirteen children.
     When the English Barons rebelled against King John Lackland of England, they offered the throne to Louis, who was able to land at the Isle of Thanet with an army in May of 1216 and march to London with very little resistance. There, Louis was proclaimed king by his supporters, including King Alexander II of Scotland. Louis captured Winchester in June, but when King John died in October, the barons turned their favors to John's son, Henry III, even thought he was only nine years old. English forces led by William Marshall finally forced Louis to the Treaty of Lambeth in September of 1217, Louis promising not to attack England, agreeing that he really never was king, and Louis was given a compensation of 10,000 marks.
     King Philip died on July 14, 1223, Louis was coronated August 6th at the cathedral at Reims. Louis would continue to battle his father's enemies, resulting in the capture of Avignon and Languedoc, yet he reversed his father's ruling of usury for Jews, creating havoc for both the church and the barons who were in disagreement as some were profiting from the lending. The conflicts would continue until Louis's death on November 8th, 1226 during his travels from the chateau at Montpensier, Puy-de-Dome Auvergne back to Paris. His son, Louis IX succeeded him on the throne.
     The children of Louis and Blanche were:
          Blanche 1205-1206
          Agnes 1207-1207
          Philip 1209-1218, betrothed to Agnes of Donzy
          Alphonse, twin 1213-1213
          John, twin 1213-1213
          Louis 1214-1270, King of France
          Robert Artois 1216-1250, killed in battle in Egypt
          Philip 1218-1220
          John Tristan 1219-1232, Count of Anjou and Maine
          Alphonse 1220-1271 Count of Poitou and Avergne, Count of Toulouse thru marriage
          Philip Dagobert 1222-1232
          St Isabelle 1225-1269
          Charles Stephen 1226-1285 Count of Anjou and Maine, Provence and King of Sicily
     Family Members
     Parents
          Philippe II Augustus of France 1165–1223
          Isabelle de Hainaut 1170–1190
     Spouse
          Blanche de Castile 1188–1252
     Half Siblings
          Marie de France 1198–1224
          Philippe de France 1200–1234
     Children
          Philippe de France 1209–1218
          Louis IX of France 1214–1270
          Robert I d'Artois 1216–1250
          Alphonse III de Poitiers 1220–1271
          Philippe Dagobert de France 1222–1232
          Isabelle of France 1225–1270
          Charles of Anjou 1226–1285
          Charles of Anjou 1226–1285
     BURIAL     Saint Denis Basilique, Saint-Denis, Departement de Seine-Saint-Denis, Île-de-France, France
     Maintained by: Anne Shurtleff Stevens
     Originally Created by: Jerry Ferren
     Added: 27 Feb 2011
     Find A Grave Memorial 66211839
     SPONSORED BY Diane Ford.^2,3,12
      ; Per Med Lands:
     "Infanta doña BLANCA de Castilla (Palencia [1188/89] before 4 Mar-Paris 27 Nov 1252, bur Notre-Dame de Maubuisson). The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "Blanche Francie regina" as daughter of "filio…Sanctii rege", in a later passage recording the marriage in 1200 of "Ludovicus filius regis Francie" and "Blancham filiam Alphonsi regis Castelle neptem ex sorore regum Anglie Richardi et Iohannis"[766]. The dating clause of a charter dated 4 Mar 1190 (“era MCCXXVIII”), which records a donation to Arlanza, states “anno quo nata est Palentie infantissa Blanca de regina Alienor”[767]. Blanca´s birth in 1190 appears inconsistent with the birth of her brother Fernando 29 Nov 1189. Fernando´s birth makes 1189 improbable as well, unless Blanca was born very early in the year. “[1188/89]” seems the best estimation, which is consistent with her having reached the age of 12 on her marriage. As part of continuing Anglo/French peace negotiations, John King of England gave Infanta Blanca (who was his niece) as dowry Issoudun and Graçay en Berry, le Vexin, Evreux and 20,000 marcs of silver. She was crowned Queen with her husband 6 Aug 1223. Regent of France during the minority of her son King Louis IX 1226-1234, and also during his absence on crusade 1248 until her death. An anonymous chronicle of the kings of France, written [1286/1314], records the death in 1252 of "Blanche...reine de France" and her burial "à l´abeïe de Maubuisson"[768]. Her death is recorded by Matthew of Paris[769]. The necrology of Hôtel-Dieu at Provins records the death "IV Kal Dec" of "Blancha Francorum regina"[770]. The necrology of the abbey of Saint-Denis records the death "V Kal Dec" of "Blanche regina"[771].
     "m (Abbaye de Port-Mort near Pont-Audemer, Normandy 23 May 1200) LOUIS de France, son of PHILIPPE II “Auguste” King of France & his first wife Isabelle de Hainaut (Paris, Palais Royal 3 Sep 1187-Château de Montpensier-en-Auvergne 8 Nov 1226, bur église de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis). He succeeded his father in 1223 as LOUIS VIII King of France."
Med Lands cites:

; Per Genealogy.EU (Ivrea 6): “D7. Blanca, *Palencia 1188, +Paris 1252, bur Maubuisson; m.nr Pont-Audemer 1200 King Louis VIII of France (*1187 +1226)”


Per Genealogy.EU (Capet 5): “A1. [1m.] King LOUIS VIII "le Lion" of France (1223-26), *Paris 3.9.1187, +Château de Montpensier-en-Auvergne 8.11.1226, bur St.Denis; m.nr Pont-Audemer, Normandy 23.5.1200 Blanca of Castile (*4.3.1188 +26/27.11.1252)”.^16,17

; This is the same person as:
”Louis VIII of France” at Wikipedia, as
”Louis VIII le Lion” at Wikipédia (Fr.),
and as ”Luis VIII de Francia” at Wikipedia (Es.)^11,18,19

Reference: Genealogics cites:

; Per Genealogics:
     "Louis was born in Paris on 5 September 1187, the son of Philippe II August, king of France, and Isabelle of Flanders, comtesse d'Artois. At the age of twelve he married the formidable Blanche of Castile, daughter of Alfonso VIII, king of Castile, and Eleanor of England. They had ten children of whom three sons would have progeny.
     "In 1212 Louis took Saint Omer and Aire as he regarded Flanders too powerful and too near his own county of Artois. In 1216 the English King John offered him the English throne in exchange for support against the powerful English barons. Louis went to England to support the rebels but, after initial success, was defeated at sea. In 1217 peace was signed and Louis was secretly paid 10,000 marks.
     "In 1223 he succeeded his father as king of France, and in 1224 he seized Poitou. In 1226 he launched a successful crusade against the Albigensian heretics, capturing the major fortress of Avignon before returning towards Paris because of illness. He died at Montpensier shortly afterwards, on 8 November 1226. He was succeeded by his eldest son Louis as King Louis IX."⁵ GAV-21 EDV-22 GKJ-22. He was Pretender to the throne of England between 1216 and 1217.³ He was King of France - The first Capetian king not crowned in his father's lifetime. (See attached map of France ca 1200 AD.) between 1223 and 1226.^1,4

     Pedro II Alfonsez "el Catolico" (?) King of Aragón, Comte de Barcelona, Provence and Roussillon was born in 1176 at Aragón, Spain; Genealogy.EU (Barcelona 2 page) says. b. 1174/6; Med Lands says b. 1174/76; Genealogics says b. 1176.^6,13,7,5,4 He married Maria de Montpellier Dame de Montpellier, Dame de Muret, Queen of Aragón, daughter of Guillaume VIII de Montpellier Count of Montpellier and Eudoxia Comnena, on 5 June 1204 at Montpellier, France (now),
;
Her 3rd husband.^{14,6,7,3,4,15,16}
Pedro II Alfonsez "el Catolico" (?) King of Aragón, Comte de Barcelona, Provence and Roussillon died on 13 September 1213 at Mural, Allier, France; killed in battle.^13,6,7,3,4
Pedro II Alfonsez "el Catolico" (?) King of Aragón, Comte de Barcelona, Provence and Roussillon was buried after 13 September 1213 at Monastery of Santa María de Sigena, Huesca, Provincia de Huesca, Aragón, Spain; From Find A Grave:
     BIRTH     1178, Huesca, Provincia de Huesca, Aragon, Spain
     DEATH     12 Sep 1213 (aged 34–35), Muret, Departement de la Haute-Garonne, Midi-Pyrénées, France
     King of Aragon from 1196 to 1213. Son of Alfonso II King of Aragon and his queen, Sancha of Castile, the grandson of Ramon Berenguer and Queen Petronilla of Aragon, Alfonso VII of León and Castile and Richeza of Poland. He became the third husband of Marie of Montpellier, the legitimate heiress of the Lordship of Montpellier and daughter of William VIII, Lord of Montpellier by his wife Eudokia Komnene. They were married June 15, 1204. A son was born, James I, the Conqueror, King of Aragon, Count of Barcelona and Lord of Montpellier.
     Marie was discarded by her husband, eventually honored for her suffering but she was not canonized before her death in 1213.
     Pedro was crowned by Pope Innocent III in Rome 1205, and with the oath to defend the Catholic faith. He was the first Aragon king to be crowned by a pope.
     Peter fought at the Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa in 1212, returning home to find Simon de Montfort had taken Toulouse. He died during the Battle of Muret against Simon de Montfort, which began on September 12, 1213, resulting in a victory for Montfort. Bio by Anne Stevens
     Family Members
     Parents
          Alfonso II of Aragon 1152–1196
          Sancha de Castile 1154–1208
     Spouse
          Marie de Montpellier Aragón 1182–1213 (m. 1204)
     Siblings
          Constance of Aragon 1179–1222
          Alphonse II de Provence 1180–1209
     Children
          Jaime I of Aragon 1208–1276
     BURIAL     Monastery of Santa María de Sigena, Huesca, Provincia de Huesca, Aragon, Spain
     Created by: Anne Shurtleff Stevens
     Added: 12 Apr 2012
     Find a Grave Memorial 88413388.¹⁷
     Reference: Genealogics cites:

Reference: This is the same person as ”Peter II of Aragon” at Wikipedia and as ”Pedro II de Aragón” at Wikipedia (ES).^18,19 EDV-24 GKJ-23. Pedro II Alfonsez "el Catolico" (?) King of Aragón, Comte de Barcelona, Provence and Roussillon was also known as Pedro II (?) King of Aragon.

; Per Genealogics:
     “Pedro II, king of Aragón, was born in 1176, the son of Alfonso II, king of Aragón, and Sancha of Castile. He succeeded his father as king of Aragón in 1196. In 1205 he acknowledged the feudal supremacy of the Papacy and was crowned in Rome by Pope Innocent III, swearing to defend the Catholic faith (hence his epithet 'the Catholic'). He was the first king of Aragón to be crowned by the pope.
     “On 5 June 1204 he married (as her third husband) Marie de Montpellier, dame de Montpellier, dame de Muret, daughter and heiress of Guillem VIII de Montpellier, seigneur de Montpellier, Castries et Castelnau, and Eudokia Komnena. In 1208 she gave him a son Jaime, but Pedro soon discarded her. Pedro II was one of those royal personalities who crop up from time to time 'delighting in low company'. He conceived a great aversion to Marie, although she appears to have been quite blameless, and sought an annulment of his marriage to her both before and after the birth of Jaime. His antipathy also extended to his son and he wished to proclaim his brother Alfonso, comte de Provence, heir to the crown. The queen went to Rome to plead her cause with Pope Innocent III and obtained a judgement enjoining Pedro to live in peace with her and treat her with affection. Marie was popularly venerated as a saint for her piety and marital suffering, but was never canonised; she died in Rome in 1213.
     “Pedro led the Christian forces to defeat the Moors at the Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa in 1212. He returned from Las Navas in autumn 1212 to find that Simon de Montfort had conquered Toulouse, exiling Count Raymond VI of Toulouse, who was Pedro's brother-in-law and vassal. Pedro crossed the Pyrenees and arrived at Muret in September 1214 to confront Montfort's army. He was accompanied by Raymond of Toulouse, who tried to persuade Pedro to avoid battle and instead starve out Montfort's forces. This suggestion was rejected as cowardly and unknightly.
     “The Battle of Muret began on 12 September 1213. The Aragónese forces were disorganised, and disintegrated under the assault of Montfort's squadrons. Pedro himself was caught in the thick of fighting, and being clad in ordinary armour, he was mistaken for a common knight. He was thrown to the ground and killed. The Aragónese forces broke in panic when their king was slain and the crusaders of Montfort won the day.
     “Upon Pedro's death the kingdom passed to his son Jaime, the future Jaime 'the Conqueror'.”.⁴

; Per Med Lands:
     "Infante don PEDRO de Aragón ([1174/76]-killed in battle Muret 14 Sep 1213, bur priory of San Juan de Sijena). The "Corónicas" Navarras name "al yfant don Pedro, rey d'Aragón, et al marqués de Provença don Alfonso, et a don Ferrando, abbat de Mont aragón, et una filla que casaron en Ongría" as the children of "el rey don Alfonso d'Aragón" and his wife[324]. The Gestis Comitum Barcinonensium names "Petrus…Alfonsus" as the oldest two of the three sons of "Ildefonsi", specifying that Pedro succeeded his father in "regnum Aragoniæ et Comitatus Barchinonæ, Bisuldini, Cerritaniæ et Rossilionis, ac Palearensem"[325]. The Crónica de San Juan de la Peña names "Pedro…Alfonso…y Fernando" as the three sons of King Alfonso II[326]. He succeeded his father in 1195 as PEDRO II "el Católico" King of Aragon, Conde de Barcelona, Gerona, Osona, Besalú, Comte de Cerdagne/Cerdaña et de Roussillon. He was crowned at Rome by Pope Innocent III [1205]. He received possession of the County of Urgel 1209 on the death of Armengol VIII without male heirs, in return for guaranteeing the rights of his daughter (to whom King Pedro’s son Don Jaime was betrothed). He vanquished the Almohades at Las Navas de Tolosa 1212. He was defeated in battle by Simon de Montfort. The Annales Compostellani record that “Petrus Rex Aragoniæ” was killed “a Gallis apud Castrum…Muret II Id Sep” in 1213[327]. The Crónica de San Juan de la Peña records the death in 1214 of Pedro II King of Aragon aged 40 years and his burial "en el monasterio de Sijena"[328].
     "m (Montpellier 15 Jun 1204) as her third husband, MARIE de Montpellier Dame de Montpellier, widow (firstly) of RAYMOND GEOFFROY "Barral" Vicomte de Marseille and divorced wife (secondly) of BERNARD [IV] Comte de Comminges, daughter of GUILLAUME [VIII] Seigneur de Montpellier & his wife Eudoxia Komnene (-Rome 21 Apr 1213). The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "Maria Guilelmi Montepessulano filia" as wife of "rege Petro Arragonum"[329]. The Crónica de San Juan de la Peña records that Pedro II King of Aragon married "la filla del noble princep Don Guillem de Montpeller…Maria, nieta del Emperador de Costantin noble"[330]. The primary source which confirms her first marriage has not yet been identified. "Guillelmus…Montispessulani, filius quondam Mathildis ducisse" agreed the marriage of "filiam meam Mariam" and "Bernardo, comitis Convenarum" by charter dated Dec 1197, under which Marie also agreed to renounce her rights to Montpellier in favour of "Guillelmo Montispessulani patri meo, et tibi Guillelmo filio ejus et domine Agnetis, fratri meo"[331]. However, after a revolt of the citizens of Montpellier against young Guillaume [IX], Marie recovered her inheritance 15 Jun 1204[332]. In his testament dated 4 Nov 1202, her father bequeathed money to "filiæ meæ Mariæ…et comes Convenarum maritus eius"[333]. The marriage contract between "Maria filia quondam domini Montispessulani" and "Petro Regi Aragoniæ, et comiti Barchinonis" is dated 1204, and names "comes Santius…Ildefunsus comes Provinciæ frater domini regis, Guillelmus de Balcio, Hugo de Balcio frater eius, Rocelinus vicecomes et dominus Massiliæ, Guido de Cabilione…"[334]. "Maria filia quondam domini Montispessulani…Regina Aragoniæ, comitissa Barchinonis" granted Montpellier to "Petro…Regi Aragoniæ, comiti Barchinonis marito meo" by charter dated Sep 1205, witnessed by "…Domina Clementia…"[335]. Under her first testament of 1209, she designated the Templars as guardians of her son. Under her last testament of 1213, she designated the Pope as his guardian. The Thalamus de Montpellier records the death "xviii jorns dins abril" in 1213 at Rome of "madona Maria de Montpellier molher del rei dAragon"[336]."
Med Lands cites:

; Per Genealogy.EU (Barcelona 2): “B1. King PEDRO II "el Catolico" of Aragon etc (1196-1213), *1174/76, +k.a.Muret 13.9.1213; m.Montpellier 15.6.1204 Marie, Dame de Montpellier (+Roma 21.4.1218), widow of Barral I de Baux Vcte de Marseille; whereby Aragon acquired this strategically important part of southern France”.⁷

; Per Weis: “Maria, Dame of Montpellier, b. 1182, d. Rome 1218, bur. St. Peters; m. (3) 15 June 1204, Pedro II, King of Aragon, Count of Barcelona and Gevandur, b. 1176, killed in battle of Muret fighting for the Albigensians 14 Sept. 1213, Son of Alfonso II (111-27), King of Aragon, by his wife, Sancha of Castile (116-26), (ES III.3/446, II/70).”.¹⁰
; Per Med Lands:
     "MARIE de Montpellier (-Rome 21 Apr 1213). The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "Maria Guilelmi Montepessulano filia" as wife of "rege Petro Arragonum"[881]. The primary source which confirms her first marriage has not yet been identified. "Guillelmus…Montispessulani, filius quondam Mathildis ducisse" agreed the marriage of "filiam meam Mariam" and "Bernardo, comitis Convenarum" by charter dated Dec 1197, under which Marie also agreed to renounce her rights to Montpellier in favour of "Guillelmo Montispessulani patri meo, et tibi Guillelmo filio ejus et domine Agnetis, fratri meo"[882]. However, after a revolt of the citizens of Montpellier against young Guillaume [IX], Marie recovered her inheritance 15 Jun 1204[883]. Pope Innocent III addressed the bishops of Narbonne and Comminges by bull dated 29 Dec 1201 concerning the repudiation by "comes Convenarum" of his wife "Guillelmo domino Montispesulani…filiam"[884]. In his testament dated 4 Nov 1202, her father bequeathed money to "filiæ meæ Mariæ…et comes Convenarum maritus eius"[885]. The Crónica de San Juan de la Peña records that Pedro II King of Aragon married "la filla del noble princep Don Guillem de Montpeller…Maria, nieta del Emperador de Costantin noble"[886]. The marriage contract between "Maria filia quondam domini Montispessulani" and "Petro Regi Aragoniæ, et comiti Barchinonis" is dated 1204, and names "comes Santius…Ildefunsus comes Provinciæ frater domini regis, Guillelmus de Balcio, Hugo de Balcio frater eius, Rocelinus vicecomes et dominus Massiliæ, Guido de Cabilione…"[887]. "Maria filia quondam domini Montispessulani…Regina Aragoniæ, comitissa Barchinonis" granted Montpellier to "Petro…Regi Aragoniæ, comiti Barchinonis marito meo" by charter dated Sep 1205, witnessed by "…Domina Clementia…"[888]. A charter dated Jan 1208 declared the validity of the marriage of “regis Aragonum” and “Mariam Montispessulani”, considering that “comite Convenarum” [Marie’s second husband] had “priorem uxorem...filia Centuli quondam comitis Bigorrensis”[889]. A charter dated 22 Nov 1211 includes testimonies relating to the lawsuit for the annulment of Marie’s third marriage[890]. A charter dated 8 Jan 1211 (O.S.) records witness statements relating to the consanguinity and affinity between Marie and her second and third husbands, relating to the action for nullity of her third marriage[891]. Under her first testament of 1209, Marie designated the Templars as guardians of her son, Infante don Jaime de Aragon, who succeeded his father in 1213 as don Jaime I "el Conquistador" King of Aragon. Under her last testament of 1213, she designated the Pope as his guardian: the testament of "Maria regina Aragonum et domina Montispessulani" is dated 20 Apr 1213, naming "Jacobum filium Regis Aragonum et meum…duæ filiæ meæ Mathildis…et Perona" and "dominæ Clementiæ amitæ meæ"[892]. The Thalamus de Montpellier records the death "xviii jorns dins abril" in 1213 at Rome of "madona Maria de Montpellier molher del rei dAragon"[893]. Montpellier eventually became part of the kingdom of Mallorca, and was transferred to France in 1349.
     "m firstly as his second wife, RAYMOND GEOFFROY "Barral" Vicomte de Marseille, son of HUGUES GEOFFROY Vicomte de Marseille & his wife Cécile d'Aurons (-13 Dec 1192).
     "m secondly (contract Dec 1197, divorced 1201) as his third wife, BERNARD [IV] Comte de Comminges, son of BERNARD [III] Comte de Comminges & his wife --- de Toulouse (-22 Feb 1225).
     "m thirdly (Montpellier 15 Jun 1204) PEDRO II "el Católico" King of Aragon, son of ALFONSO II "el Casto" King of Aragon & his wife Infanta doña Sancha de Castilla ([1174/76]-killed in battle Muret 14 Sep 1213, bur priory of San Juan de Sijena). "
Med Lands cites: He was King of Aragon between 1196 and 1213.^20,6,1

     Maria de Montpellier Dame de Montpellier, Dame de Muret, Queen of Aragón married Raimond Geofroi 'dit Barral' (?) Vicomte de Marseille, son of Hugues Geofroi II (?) Vicomte de Marseille and Cecile d'Aurons,
;
His 2nd wife; her 1st husband.^6,1,2,7,8 Maria de Montpellier Dame de Montpellier, Dame de Muret, Queen of Aragón was born circa 1183 at Montpellier, Herault, France.¹ She married Bernard IV (?) Comte de Comminges, Sire de Muret et de Samatan, son of Dodon dit Bernardo III (?) Comte de Comminges, seigneur de Muret et de Samatan and Laurence (?) de Toulouse, on 7 December 1197
;
His 3rd wife, her 2nd husband.^9,1,2,10,11 Maria de Montpellier Dame de Montpellier, Dame de Muret, Queen of Aragón and Bernard IV (?) Comte de Comminges, Sire de Muret et de Samatan were divorced in 1201.^9,12,2,11 Maria de Montpellier Dame de Montpellier, Dame de Muret, Queen of Aragón married Pedro II Alfonsez "el Catolico" (?) King of Aragón, Comte de Barcelona, Provence and Roussillon, son of Alfonso II Raimundez 'el Casto' (?) King of Aragon & Pamplona, Comte de Barcelone, Provence and Roussillon and Sancha Alfonez (?) Princess of Castile, Queen of Aragon, on 5 June 1204 at Montpellier, France (now),
;
Her 3rd husband.^{9,4,6,13,14,1,2}
Maria de Montpellier Dame de Montpellier, Dame de Muret, Queen of Aragón died on 21 April 1213 at Rome, Città Metropolitana di Roma Capitale, Lazio, Italy; Genealogy.EU (Barcelona 2 page) says. d. 21 April 1218.^12,4,6,9
Maria de Montpellier Dame de Montpellier, Dame de Muret, Queen of Aragón was buried after 21 April 1213 at Saint Peter's Basilica, Vatican City; From Find A Grave:
     BIRTH     1182
     DEATH     21 Apr 1213 (aged 30–31), Rome, Città Metropolitana di Roma Capitale, Lazio, Italy
     Family Members
     Parents
          William Lord De Montpellier 1158–1202
     Spouse
          Pedro II Aragon 1178–1213 (m. 1204)
     Children
          Jaime I of Aragon 1208–1276
     BURIAL     Saint Peter's Basilica, Vatican City
     Created by: Anonymous
     Added: 30 Jun 2014
     Find a Grave Memorial 132122920.^9,1,15
      ; Per Med Lands:
     "Infante don PEDRO de Aragón ([1174/76]-killed in battle Muret 14 Sep 1213, bur priory of San Juan de Sijena). The "Corónicas" Navarras name "al yfant don Pedro, rey d'Aragón, et al marqués de Provença don Alfonso, et a don Ferrando, abbat de Mont aragón, et una filla que casaron en Ongría" as the children of "el rey don Alfonso d'Aragón" and his wife[324]. The Gestis Comitum Barcinonensium names "Petrus…Alfonsus" as the oldest two of the three sons of "Ildefonsi", specifying that Pedro succeeded his father in "regnum Aragoniæ et Comitatus Barchinonæ, Bisuldini, Cerritaniæ et Rossilionis, ac Palearensem"[325]. The Crónica de San Juan de la Peña names "Pedro…Alfonso…y Fernando" as the three sons of King Alfonso II[326]. He succeeded his father in 1195 as PEDRO II "el Católico" King of Aragon, Conde de Barcelona, Gerona, Osona, Besalú, Comte de Cerdagne/Cerdaña et de Roussillon. He was crowned at Rome by Pope Innocent III [1205]. He received possession of the County of Urgel 1209 on the death of Armengol VIII without male heirs, in return for guaranteeing the rights of his daughter (to whom King Pedro’s son Don Jaime was betrothed). He vanquished the Almohades at Las Navas de Tolosa 1212. He was defeated in battle by Simon de Montfort. The Annales Compostellani record that “Petrus Rex Aragoniæ” was killed “a Gallis apud Castrum…Muret II Id Sep” in 1213[327]. The Crónica de San Juan de la Peña records the death in 1214 of Pedro II King of Aragon aged 40 years and his burial "en el monasterio de Sijena"[328].
     "m (Montpellier 15 Jun 1204) as her third husband, MARIE de Montpellier Dame de Montpellier, widow (firstly) of RAYMOND GEOFFROY "Barral" Vicomte de Marseille and divorced wife (secondly) of BERNARD [IV] Comte de Comminges, daughter of GUILLAUME [VIII] Seigneur de Montpellier & his wife Eudoxia Komnene (-Rome 21 Apr 1213). The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "Maria Guilelmi Montepessulano filia" as wife of "rege Petro Arragonum"[329]. The Crónica de San Juan de la Peña records that Pedro II King of Aragon married "la filla del noble princep Don Guillem de Montpeller…Maria, nieta del Emperador de Costantin noble"[330]. The primary source which confirms her first marriage has not yet been identified. "Guillelmus…Montispessulani, filius quondam Mathildis ducisse" agreed the marriage of "filiam meam Mariam" and "Bernardo, comitis Convenarum" by charter dated Dec 1197, under which Marie also agreed to renounce her rights to Montpellier in favour of "Guillelmo Montispessulani patri meo, et tibi Guillelmo filio ejus et domine Agnetis, fratri meo"[331]. However, after a revolt of the citizens of Montpellier against young Guillaume [IX], Marie recovered her inheritance 15 Jun 1204[332]. In his testament dated 4 Nov 1202, her father bequeathed money to "filiæ meæ Mariæ…et comes Convenarum maritus eius"[333]. The marriage contract between "Maria filia quondam domini Montispessulani" and "Petro Regi Aragoniæ, et comiti Barchinonis" is dated 1204, and names "comes Santius…Ildefunsus comes Provinciæ frater domini regis, Guillelmus de Balcio, Hugo de Balcio frater eius, Rocelinus vicecomes et dominus Massiliæ, Guido de Cabilione…"[334]. "Maria filia quondam domini Montispessulani…Regina Aragoniæ, comitissa Barchinonis" granted Montpellier to "Petro…Regi Aragoniæ, comiti Barchinonis marito meo" by charter dated Sep 1205, witnessed by "…Domina Clementia…"[335]. Under her first testament of 1209, she designated the Templars as guardians of her son. Under her last testament of 1213, she designated the Pope as his guardian. The Thalamus de Montpellier records the death "xviii jorns dins abril" in 1213 at Rome of "madona Maria de Montpellier molher del rei dAragon"[336]."
Med Lands cites:

; Per Genealogy.EU (Barcelona 2): “B1. King PEDRO II "el Catolico" of Aragon etc (1196-1213), *1174/76, +k.a.Muret 13.9.1213; m.Montpellier 15.6.1204 Marie, Dame de Montpellier (+Roma 21.4.1218), widow of Barral I de Baux Vcte de Marseille; whereby Aragon acquired this strategically important part of southern France”.⁶ EDV-23 GKJ-23.

Reference: Genealogics cites:

; Per Genealogics:
     “Marie de Montpellier was born about 1183, the daughter of Guillem VIII de Montpellier, seigneur de Montpellier, Castries et Castelnau, and Eudokia Komnena. A condition of the marriage was that the firstborn child, boy or girl, would succeed to the lordship of Montpellier on Guillem's death.
     “Still a child, Marie was married to Raimond Geofroi 'dit Barral', vicomte de Marseille, in 1192 or shortly before, but she was widowed in that year. Her second marriage, in 1197, was to Bernard IV, comte de Comminges, sire de Muret et de Samatan, and her father now insisted on her giving up her right to inherit Montpellier. Marie had two daughters by Bernard, Mathilde and Petronille. The marriage was, however, notoriously polygamous, Bernard having two other living wives. It was annulled (some say on Marie's insistence, some say on that of Pedro II, king of Aragón, though it is worth nothing that Bernard's two previous marriages ended in divorce). However the annulment meant that she was once more heir to Montpellier.
     “Guillaume had died in 1202. Marie's half-brother Guillem, her father's son by Agnes de Castilia, had taken control of the city, but Marie asserted her right to it. On 15 June 1204 she married Pedro II, king of Aragón, and was recognised as lady of Montpellier. Her son by Pedro, Jaime, the future Jaime I 'the Conqueror', king of Aragón, was born on 13 February 1208. Pedro immediately attempted to divorce her, hoping both to marry Maria de Monferrato, queen of Jerusalem, and to claim Montpellier for himself. Marie's last years were spent in combating these political and matrimonial manoeuvres. Pope Innocent III finally decided in her favour, refusing to permit the divorce. Both Marie and Pedro died in 1213; Jaime inherited Aragón and Montpellier.”.¹ She was Queen of Aragón.³ She was This is the same person as ”Maria of Montpellier” at Wikipedia, as ”Marie de Montpellier” at Wikipédia (FR), and as ”María de Montpellier” at Wikipedia (ES).^16,3,17

; Per Weis: “Maria, Dame of Montpellier, b. 1182, d. Rome 1218, bur. St. Peters; m. (3) 15 June 1204, Pedro II, King of Aragon, Count of Barcelona and Gevandur, b. 1176, killed in battle of Muret fighting for the Albigensians 14 Sept. 1213, Son of Alfonso II (111-27), King of Aragon, by his wife, Sancha of Castile (116-26), (ES III.3/446, II/70).”.⁵

; Per Med Lands:
     "MARIE de Montpellier (-Rome 21 Apr 1213). The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "Maria Guilelmi Montepessulano filia" as wife of "rege Petro Arragonum"[881]. The primary source which confirms her first marriage has not yet been identified. "Guillelmus…Montispessulani, filius quondam Mathildis ducisse" agreed the marriage of "filiam meam Mariam" and "Bernardo, comitis Convenarum" by charter dated Dec 1197, under which Marie also agreed to renounce her rights to Montpellier in favour of "Guillelmo Montispessulani patri meo, et tibi Guillelmo filio ejus et domine Agnetis, fratri meo"[882]. However, after a revolt of the citizens of Montpellier against young Guillaume [IX], Marie recovered her inheritance 15 Jun 1204[883]. Pope Innocent III addressed the bishops of Narbonne and Comminges by bull dated 29 Dec 1201 concerning the repudiation by "comes Convenarum" of his wife "Guillelmo domino Montispesulani…filiam"[884]. In his testament dated 4 Nov 1202, her father bequeathed money to "filiæ meæ Mariæ…et comes Convenarum maritus eius"[885]. The Crónica de San Juan de la Peña records that Pedro II King of Aragon married "la filla del noble princep Don Guillem de Montpeller…Maria, nieta del Emperador de Costantin noble"[886]. The marriage contract between "Maria filia quondam domini Montispessulani" and "Petro Regi Aragoniæ, et comiti Barchinonis" is dated 1204, and names "comes Santius…Ildefunsus comes Provinciæ frater domini regis, Guillelmus de Balcio, Hugo de Balcio frater eius, Rocelinus vicecomes et dominus Massiliæ, Guido de Cabilione…"[887]. "Maria filia quondam domini Montispessulani…Regina Aragoniæ, comitissa Barchinonis" granted Montpellier to "Petro…Regi Aragoniæ, comiti Barchinonis marito meo" by charter dated Sep 1205, witnessed by "…Domina Clementia…"[888]. A charter dated Jan 1208 declared the validity of the marriage of “regis Aragonum” and “Mariam Montispessulani”, considering that “comite Convenarum” [Marie’s second husband] had “priorem uxorem...filia Centuli quondam comitis Bigorrensis”[889]. A charter dated 22 Nov 1211 includes testimonies relating to the lawsuit for the annulment of Marie’s third marriage[890]. A charter dated 8 Jan 1211 (O.S.) records witness statements relating to the consanguinity and affinity between Marie and her second and third husbands, relating to the action for nullity of her third marriage[891]. Under her first testament of 1209, Marie designated the Templars as guardians of her son, Infante don Jaime de Aragon, who succeeded his father in 1213 as don Jaime I "el Conquistador" King of Aragon. Under her last testament of 1213, she designated the Pope as his guardian: the testament of "Maria regina Aragonum et domina Montispessulani" is dated 20 Apr 1213, naming "Jacobum filium Regis Aragonum et meum…duæ filiæ meæ Mathildis…et Perona" and "dominæ Clementiæ amitæ meæ"[892]. The Thalamus de Montpellier records the death "xviii jorns dins abril" in 1213 at Rome of "madona Maria de Montpellier molher del rei dAragon"[893]. Montpellier eventually became part of the kingdom of Mallorca, and was transferred to France in 1349.
     "m firstly as his second wife, RAYMOND GEOFFROY "Barral" Vicomte de Marseille, son of HUGUES GEOFFROY Vicomte de Marseille & his wife Cécile d'Aurons (-13 Dec 1192).
     "m secondly (contract Dec 1197, divorced 1201) as his third wife, BERNARD [IV] Comte de Comminges, son of BERNARD [III] Comte de Comminges & his wife --- de Toulouse (-22 Feb 1225).
     "m thirdly (Montpellier 15 Jun 1204) PEDRO II "el Católico" King of Aragon, son of ALFONSO II "el Casto" King of Aragon & his wife Infanta doña Sancha de Castilla ([1174/76]-killed in battle Muret 14 Sep 1213, bur priory of San Juan de Sijena). "
Med Lands cites:
; Per Med Lands:
     "BERNARD [IV] de Comminges, son of BERNARD [III] [Dodon] Comte de Comminges & his wife --- de Toulouse (-22 Feb 1225). A charter dated 1197 records the 4o consanguinity between "B. Convenarum comes filius sororis comitis Tolosani" and "uxorem, filiam Arnaldi Willelmi de Barta" which provided the grounds for their divorce: "domina Bruna et Rogerius de Convenis fuerant fratres", adding the descent "Rogerio de Convenis" to "B. comes...Bernardo" to "Dodo comes" to "iste B. comes"[72]. A charter dated Nov 1197 names "Bernardus comes Convenarum filius sororis comitis Tolosani[73], and a charter dated 1202 names "B. lo comte de Comenge lo cal fo filh de la filha N Anfos"[74]. He succeeded in May 1176 as Comte de Comminges, under the guardianship of Guillaume d'Aure, for a few months only, as in April 1177 a document names "Bernardo comite Convenarum" without naming a guardian[75]. "Bernardus comes de Cominge, filius sororis comitis Tolosæ" and "Jordano domino de Isla, et Jordanus de Isla cum eo" agreed peace by charter dated Jan 1191[76]. "Bernardus comes Convenarum et Bigore et vicecomes de Marchan" donated property to Gimont by charter dated Aug 1192, witnessed by "Arnaldus Willelmus de la Barta…"[77]. A "Chronique en Languedocien, tirée du cartulaire de Raymond le Jeune comte de Toulouse" records the death "VII die al issit de Fevrier en Disapte" in 1225 of "lo coms de Cumenge"[78]. The Chronicle of Toulouse Saint-Saturnin records the death in 1223 of "dominus Bernardus comes Convenarum"[79].
     "m firstly (1180, divorced after 1192) [as her second husband,] BEATRIX [III] Comtesse de Bigorre, [widow of PIERRE [II] Vicomte de Dax,] daughter of CENTULE [III] Comte de Bigorre and his wife Matelle de Baux. Her supposed first marriage is deduced from Roger of Hoveden who names her supposed husband "Petrus vicecomes Akensis et comes Bigorniæ" when recording the capitulation of the town of Dax in 1177[80]. The only explanation for Pierre being accorded the title Comte de Bigorre is if he had married the heiress of Bigorre. However, the possibility that Roger of Hoveden was mistaken in recording this title cannot be excluded. Her parentage and second marriage are confirmed by the following document: a charter dated Jan 1208 declared the validity of the marriage of “regis Aragonum” and “Mariam Montispessulani”, considering that “comite Convenarum” [Marie’s second husband] had “priorem uxorem...filia Centuli quondam comitis Bigorrensis”[81].
     "m secondly ([1195], divorced [1197]) COMTORS de la Barthe, daughter of ARNAUD GUILLAUME Vicomte de la Barthe and his wife Navarra de Pontis (-after 1234). A charter dated Nov 1197 records the 4o consanguinity between "B. Convenarum comes" and "uxorem, filiam Arnaldi Willelmi de Barta" which provided the grounds for their divorce: "domina Bruna et Rogerius de Convenis fuerant fratres", adding the descent from "Bruna" to "Ademarus de Pontiis" to "Navarra" to "Comtors filia Arnaldi Willelmi de Barta", and from "Rogerio de Convenis" to "B. comes...Bernardo" to "Dodo comes" to "iste B. comes"[82]. A charter dated 22 Nov 1211 includes testimonies relating to the lawsuit for the annulment of Marie’s third marriage, including in relation to the terms of the divorce between “Bernardum comitem Convenarum” and “dominam Condors sororem Sancii de Barta”[83].
     "m thirdly (contract Dec 1197, divorced 1201) as her second husband, MARIE de Montpellier, widow of RAYMOND GEOFFROY "Barral" Vicomte de Marseille, daughter of GUILLAUME [VIII] Seigneur de Montpellier & his wife Eudokia Comnene (-Rome 21 Apr 1213). "Guillelmus…Montispessulani, filius quondam Mathildis ducisse" agreed the marriage of "filiam meam Mariam" and "Bernardo, comitis Convenarum" by charter dated Dec 1197, under which Marie also agreed to renounce her rights to Montpellier in favour of "Guillelmo Montispessulani patri meo, et tibi Guillelmo filio ejus et domine Agnetis, fratri meo"[84]. However, after a revolt of the citizens of Montpellier against young Guillaume [IX], Marie recovered her inheritance 15 Jun 1204[85]. Pope Innocent III addressed the bishops of Narbonne and Comminges by bull dated 29 Dec 1201 concerning the repudiation by "comes Convenarum" of his wife "Guillelmo domino Montispesulani…filiam"[86]. She married thirdly (Montpellier 15 Jun 1204) Pedro II "el Católico" King of Aragon. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "Maria Guilelmi Montepessulano filia" as wife of "rege Petro Arragonum"[87]."
Med Lands cites:
; Per Genealogy.EU (Foix 4): “A1. Cte Bernardo IV de Comminges et de Bigorre, +22.2.1225; 1m: ca 1180 (div after 1192) Stephanie, Cts de Bigorre, dau.of Centullo III, Cte de Bigorre by Matelle de Baux; 2m: ca 1195 (div 1197) Comtors, dau.of Arnaldo Guillen, Vcte de la Barthe; 3m: ca 1197 (div 1201) Marie, Dame de Montpellier (+Rome 21.4.1213) dau.of Guillaume VIII de Montpellier by Eudoxia Komnena; 4m: IV.1202 his 2d wife.”.¹⁸
; Per Med Lands:
     "RAYMOND GEOFFROY dit Barral (-13 Dec 1192). His parentage is confirmed by the charter dated 15 Apr 1215 under which "Hugo de Baucio et domina Barrala eius uxor" confirmed an old convention from "vicecomites Massilie…Ugonem Gaufridi, dicte Barrale avum et Bertrandum fratrem eiusdem Ugonis et Ugonem Gaufridi Sardum nepotem eorum, filium Jaufridi de Massilia" to the bishopric of Marseille[699]. Vicomte de Marseille. "R Barralus filius Cecilie" swore allegiance to Pierre Isnard Archbishop of Arles by charter dated Mar 1188[700]. "Roncelinus dominus et vicecomes Massilie scilicet monachus" made a donation to the cathedral church by charter dated 7 Jul 1215 naming "frater meus Barralus"[701]. The Annales Sancti Victoris Massilienses record the death in 1192 of "Raimundus Barralus Massiliensis vicecomes"[702].
     "m firstly (repudiated) ALASACIE Porcellet, daughter of HUGUES Sacristan & his wife Galberge Porcellet (-after 25 Aug 1201). The primary source which confirms her parentage has not yet been identified. "Alasacie Porcellet" appointed "sa fille Barrale, femme de Hugues de Baux" as her sole heir by her testament dated 25 Aug 1201[703].
     "m secondly as her first husband, MARIE dame de Montpellier, daughter of GUILLAUME VIII Seigneur de Montpellier & his first wife Evdokia Komnene (-Rome 21 Apr 1213). The primary source which confirms her first marriage has not yet been identified. She married secondly (Montpellier 7 Dec 1197, divorced 1201) as his third wife, Bernard [IV] Comte de Comminges, and thirdly (Montpellier 15 Jun 1204) Pedro II "el Católico" King of Aragon. "Guillelmus…Montispessulani, filius quondam Mathildis ducisse" agreed the marriage of "filiam meam Mariam" and "Bernardo, comitis Convenarum" by charter dated Dec 1197, under which Marie also agreed to renounce her rights to Montpellier in favour of "Guillelmo Montispessulani patri meo, et tibi Guillelmo filio ejus et domine Agnetis, fratri meo"[704]. However, after a revolt of the citizens of Montpellier against young Guillaume [IX], Marie recovered her inheritance 15 Jun 1204[705]. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "Maria Guilelmi Montepessulano filia" as wife of "rege Petro Arragonum"[706]."
Med Lands cites: She was Seigneur d'Aumelas between 1204 and 1213.³ She was dame de Montpellier between 1204 and 1213.³